CN102144471B - Method for cutting and growing seedling of osmanthus trees - Google Patents
Method for cutting and growing seedling of osmanthus trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN102144471B CN102144471B CN201010599528A CN201010599528A CN102144471B CN 102144471 B CN102144471 B CN 102144471B CN 201010599528 A CN201010599528 A CN 201010599528A CN 201010599528 A CN201010599528 A CN 201010599528A CN 102144471 B CN102144471 B CN 102144471B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cutting and growing seedling of osmanthus trees, comprising the following steps of: selecting one-year-old growing branches of 8- to 20-aged osmanthus trees as cuttings, wherein each box of the seed beds is 10 cm long and 1.1m wide and the distance between two adjacent boxes is 0.5m; uniformly stirring 500 kg of fertile soil, 5 kg of 12% calcium superphosphate, 3 kg of 25% nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer, and 10 kg of clear fecal water in each box, sealing and fermenting, uniformly paving the fermented nutritious soil layer for 10 to 12 cm thick on the box surface, then paving 8-10 cm thick of yellow subsoil sieved by a screen with meshes of 5 mm, shearing the cuttings of the osmanthus trees into sections of 8-10 cm long, remaining one leaf on each branch, flatly shearing the top cut at a distance of 2-3 cm above the stalk, shearing the lower end aslant at 45 degrees and a distance of 0.2 mm below the petiole, dropping glue on the top cut of each cutting, soaking the lower cut in a rooting solution with prepared concentration, drilling holes with 7 cm in line spacing and 7 cm in row spacing, inserting the cutting in 2/3 of each hole, making the leaf directions uniform, lightly pressing the soil around the cuttings, covering films and sunshading for each box surface; and controlling humidness.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the vegetative propagation technique of plant, relate in particular to oleaceae plant sweet osmanthus cuttage and seedling culture method.
Background technology
The problem that the sweet osmanthus seedling is subject to that disease worm harm, survival rate are low in the sweet osmanthus normal cutting propagation, root system is undeveloped, the seedbed fertility is poor, growth rate is slow behind the cutting survival; The aggregate measures such as glue envelope that the inventive method adopts simple insect protected, diseases prevention and control to insert the fringe water evaporates are handled seedbed and slotting fringe; Improved cuttage survival rate, seedling quality, and shortened growth cycle in the seedbed.This method is through the continuous 3 years test of 2008-2010; Cuttage survival rate reaches more than 90%; Well developed root system has solved that sweet osmanthus cuttage survival rate in the normal cutting propagation nursery is low, seedling quality is not high, growth cycle is long, poky problem, has reduced production cost; And have easy, the technological easy support of method of operating and hold, can improve advantages such as seedling quality, the emergence rate that improves the nursery and economic benefit, so on producing, have bigger promotional value.The expanding propagation coefficient keeps good genetic character, the harm of insect pests.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of sweet osmanthus cuttage and seedling culture method, late May is used current-year branch to mid-June, and lignification or semi-lignified branch make to insert fringe.
The cuttage soil that suits: yellow earth, yellowish soil that topsoil is fertile.
The cuttage elite stand is selected: 8-20 gives birth to and builds the current growth row culture that strong, anosis worm causes harm on the colory elite stand and insert fringe.
The preparation in nursery and making
The preparation in seedbed: leeward in sweet osmanthus cuttage selection in preceding about 40 days, on the sunny side, land readjustment, topsoil acidity or subacidity yellow earth plump, that be beneficial to draining make ground, seedbed; Seedbed, every railway carriage or compartment makes apart from the standard of 0.5m by long 10m, wide 1.1m, railway carriage or compartment; Make seedbed quantity as required; Even back composting is mixed at the railway carriage or compartment face of reserving, with book film sealing and fermenting with the topsoil loam 500kg+12% superphosphate 5kg+25% nitrogen, phosphorus, the clear liquid dung 100kg of potassium element agricultural composite fertilizer 3kg+ that choose stone, foreign material in every standard railway carriage or compartment.
The making in seedbed: before cuttage, week make the seedbed.The seedbed is ploughed deeply seedbed soil one time before making, and about degree of depth 25cm, the soil that moisture-retaining capacity is strong makes tea tray formula seedbed, high railway carriage or compartment by long 10m, wide 1.1m, railway carriage or compartment apart from the metric system of 0.5m, and the railway carriage or compartment face is higher than the seedbed on the ridge, railway carriage or compartment; The soil of moisture-retaining capacity difference makes low tea tray formula seedbed, railway carriage or compartment by long 10m, wide 1.1m, railway carriage or compartment apart from the metric system of 0.5m, and the ridge, railway carriage or compartment is higher than the seedbed of railway carriage or compartment face 25cm.Production process is earlier by the rough seedbed in high railway carriage or compartment or low railway carriage or compartment; Smooth railway carriage or compartment face on rough seedbed; The even land for growing field crops nutrition soil layer 10-12cm that ferments of tiling on the railway carriage or compartment face after smooth again; Next is again the thick yellow earth cubsoil of crossing 5mm sieve sieve of tiling one deck 8-10cm on the good nutrition soil of railway carriage or compartment face tiling, and yellow soil is a deep soil, from the new soil of farming layer depth.Treat its natural subsidence after completing.Permeable as before the good back cuttage of tiling, watering once.
The seedbed makes a wide 30cm, dark 50cm are excavated in the back that finishes around nursery lot draining thorough cut, guarantees that draining is unimpeded, and accomplishing to meet heavy showers in the nursery can not ponding.
The preparation of transplanting a cutting
Transplant a cutting the clip time: fine or cloudy 6:00-9:00 in morning.
Insert the clip of fringe: from the branch that elite stand is cut, select the branch of lignification or semi-lignified in time to be made into slotting fringe, insert spike length 8-10cm; Stay top a slice leaf; The top clip is apart from the blade handle 2-3mm of stem straight snips, and following clip is from saving down 0.2mm and inserting fringe and become miter angle tiltedly to cut, and scissors was sharp when clip was inserted fringe; Clip wants level and smooth up and down, and skin zone does not have a mao tooth.
The sealing and the binding of transplanting a cutting
The top clip in time drips and goes up glue on the slotting fringe that clip is good, and this glue is that the adhesive paper that is used for that sell the market is used glue, can form glued membrane after doing and play waterproof action; Bundle after sealing, notice that glue will reduce the infringement to wound of water evaporates and germ with the whole good seals of the fresh clip in upper end; The slotting fringe that in time will seal glue subsequently bundlees, and is concordant with lower port, 50 strain a bundles; Be convenient to counting, in time will bundle the cutting of getting well again and put into and convert the taking root liquid that makes, commercially available root-growing agent all can; Prepare taking root liquid concentration on request according to the root-growing agent kind, concentration is pressed the explanation concentration of commodity root-growing agent; Reach and to carry out cuttage after the soak time (soak time is decided because of root-growing agent kind and concentration, presses commodity operation instructions declared range and uses.
Cuttage
The sterilization in the preceding seedbed of cuttage and desinsection
Preceding 2 hours of cuttage; Seedbed, every standard railway carriage or compartment must be watered on the basis of the water of revealing the exact details in time more than week of natural subsidence, with the efficient chlorine fluorine of 40% phoxim 60-90g+4.5% hydrogen chrysanthemum fat 15-30ml; + 80% fenaminosulf 40-60g; + 99% dislike mould clever 25-40g, convert water 150-200kg, evenly drench the railway carriage or compartment face that imposes on, main effect is a sterilized space of killing soil insect, purification and expansion nursery soil.
Cuttage
The equidistant punching of standard of on the seedbed, pressing line-spacing 10cm spacing in the rows 7cm with card punch earlier before the cuttage, again with previous clip carry out sealing, binding, with the good slotting fringe of root-growing agent immersion treatment, vertically insert in the hole that the railway carriage or compartment face accomplishes fluently; Insert fringe embedded depth 2/3rds; Notice that blade can not contact with earth, leaf to want one to, can not be overlapping between blade; Refer to gently press slotting fringe earth on every side with forefinger with mother after the cuttage degree of depth puts in place, it is contacted with slotting fringe closely.
Cutting time should be avoided fine noon sun and be exposed to the sun the time, should be in the morning or carry out later at 4 in afternoon, and cloudy whole day can be carried out.
After finishing, cuttage in time sprays a clear water to the seedbed with sprayer.
Epiphragma and sunshade
Epiphragma covers a railway carriage or compartment and is advisable with the cuttage railway carriage or compartment that finishes.Earlier cuttage finish spray clear water the railway carriage or compartment face by spacing 70cm, vault to railway carriage or compartment face 40cm apart from using the bamboo chip arching, be covered with the agricultural preferably new book film of transparency again, press seal is in time carried out with earth in the edge, surrounding of epiphragma.Like fine temperature when high, stay that two ends ventilate, cooling.
When sunshade such as area of nursery bed are little, can, the whole cuttages in nursery carry out after finishing.Treat the seedbed epiphragma elbow that finishes, in time 2m eminence (this highly be convenient to the people be engaged in various farming operations inside) is built sunshade above the seedbed.Sunshade can be built or 70% sunshade net carries out sunshade with timber, bamboo and crops tangerine bar, as with the sunshade of crops tangerine bar the time, keep 30% light transmittance.The side solar radiation also will hide around the sunshade, in case will accomplish that sunshine can not the direct projection seedbed sooner or later.Building of sunshade frame must be firm, to be exposed to the elements.
Seedbed management
Temperature and Humidity Control is the important step of seedbed management, and the major control temperature in the shed is between 25 ℃-28 ℃; Relative air humidity is controlled at more than 90%.Be higher than 28 ℃ like temperature, it is aeration-cooling in time to take two auspicious book films off, and also can not falling like temperature will be in the cross-ventilation hole of with 21 meter long bamboo chips book film both sides being rolled in the middle of the seedbed about long 0.8 meter, a high 10-15cm; Humidity is not enough, will in time water during the lack of water of seedbed and supply.
Sunshade hours will be controlled at about 3 months, can remove sunshade when waiting not have more than 30 ℃ high temperature or growing 3 above fibrous roots.During sunshade, want the running check light transmittance, guarantee that light transmittance remains on about 30%.
After the cuttage every at a distance from 3-4 days in early or take off the film ventilation evening once, the time was not less than 30 minutes, every standard railway carriage or compartment at a distance from 15 days with 40% phoxim 50g; + 4.5% efficient chlorine fluorine hydrogen chrysanthemum fat 20ml; + 80% fenaminosulf 50g, the mould clever 20g of+99% evil converts water 100k g pouring and executes once, gets final product for 2-3 time continuously.
In time remove weeds in field, a situation arises to check the disease worm, symptomatic treatment.
Behind the sweet osmanthus cutting survival, look the growth fertilizer requirement, executed one time 1% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a distance from 10-15 days.
This technology has solved the multiple district of sick worm; Three Difficult Issues in the mountain area sweet osmanthus normal cutting propagation particularly: the one, solved many, movable ordinary, the faint sweet osmanthus cuttage seeding root systems of the multiple district of insect pest soil insect kind by soil insect destruction after; Cause a part not reach earth, absorb withered less than moisture content; After being damaged, another part catches an illness and dead problem; The 2nd, solve the multiple district of soil-borne disease soil and received pathogen contamination serious, at the sweet osmanthus cuttage initial stage, be subject to the soil courses of infection and suffer from soil-borne disease, problem that survival rate is low.This law uses glue seal technology to avoid the infection of last clip, uses disinfectant to handle the problem of root infection; The 3rd, solved sweet osmanthus seedling conventional method cutting survival after, the poor ridge in seedbed, root system is undeveloped, fertilizer, the problem that growth rate is slow are taken off in growth; This cottage method is through aggregate measures such as seedbed insect protected, diseases prevention, shop, end nutrition soil and slotting fringe sealings.
Adopt the beneficial effect of present technique to solve low, the poky problem of cuttage survival rate that goes up of producing; Shortened the growth cycle of sweet osmanthus in the nursery; Improved seedling quality; Reduced production cost, and had that method of operating is easy, technology is prone to support and holds, can improve the advantages such as availability, emergence rate and economic benefit in nursery, so in production, have bigger promotional value.This method is through 2008 to 2010 tests in continuous 3 years, and the survival rate of cuttage after 6 months is more than 90%, and the longest main root reaches 15cm, and 80% seedling root is more than 5, and 1 year sweet osmanthus seedling quantity reaches that the garden requires accounts for 85%, and 1 year can bloom.
Embodiment
Sweet osmanthus cuttage and seedling culture method of the present invention, concrete embodiment has partly been done detailed explanation for routine operation in summary of the invention, and only partly description of contents is following to its innovation:
The selection of sweet osmanthus elite stand: 8-20 gives birth to, best in quality, the fragrance of flowers is strong, it is many to spend, the florescence is long, initial bloom stage early, bloom every year, the elite stand of no damage by disease and insect, robust growth, choose the slotting fringe of branch work of giving birth to lignification or semi-lignified then;
Cutting time: late May-mid-June
The seedbed in nursery makes: preceding 40-50 days of sweet osmanthus cuttage; Select leeward facing south; Land readjustment, topsoil plumpness, well-drained acidity or subacidity loam are made ground, seedbed; The long 10m in seedbed, every railway carriage or compartment, wide 1.1m, railway carriage or compartment make apart from the standard of 0.5m, and every standard railway carriage or compartment adds 12% superphosphate 5k g with topsoil loam 500kg and adds 25% n-p-k three elements composite fertilizer 3kg and add clearly liquid dung 100kg and pile up the railway carriage or compartment face after applied, uses the plastic film sealing and fermenting.
The seedbed is ploughed deeply nursery soil one time before making, and ploughs deeply degree of depth 25cm, and the soil that the power of preserving moisture is strong makes high van-type seedbed; Be that the railway carriage or compartment face is higher than railway carriage or compartment stalk 25cm, the soil of the power of preserving moisture difference makes low van-type seedbed, and promptly the railway carriage or compartment face is higher than railway carriage or compartment stalk 25cm; The even nutrition soil layer 10-12cm that ferments of tiling on the railway carriage or compartment face after smooth, again in shop, nutrition soil layer plane one deck 8-10cm thick cross the yellow earth cubsoil that the 5mm sieve sieved, treat its natural subsidence; Before cuttage, watered once permeable in 2-3 days; Excavate a wide 30cm around the nursery lot, the draining thorough cut of dark 50cm is guaranteed the unobstructed not ponding of nursery internal drainage.
Insert the clip of fringe, select the branch of lignification or semi-lignified, insert the fringe bar and be cut into long 8-10cm; A slice leaf is stayed in every stem cutting tip of the spike, and the top clip is apart from blade handle base portion 2-3mm straight snips, and the 0.2mm miter angle was tiltedly cut under the lower end clip saved from petiole; Clip wants level and smooth up and down, and skin zone does not have a mao tooth.
Insert the sealing and the binding of fringe bar; The top clip drips the commercially available glue that pastes sticking paper on the slotting fringe bar that shears; Tie up a bundle with 50; A bundle good slotting fringe bar lower end clip is immersed in the taking root liquid for preparing concentration, confirms by the concentration soak time scope that the range of goods operation instructions of different root-growing agents are stipulated.
The sterilization in the preceding seedbed of cuttage and desinsection
Preceding 2 hours of cuttage; Seedbed, every standard railway carriage or compartment is in one week of the natural subsidence above time; Water on the permeable basis and to add 4.5% efficient chlorine fluorine hydrogen chrysanthemum fat 20ml with 40% phoxim 50g and add 80% fenaminosulf 50g and add 99% vicious clever 30g and convert water 150kg; Evenly drench and impose on the railway carriage or compartment face, kill soil insect and soil disinfection is sterilized.
Cuttage, with the cuttage card punch is pressed line-spacing 10cm spacing in the rows 7cm on the seedbed the equidistant punching of standard, the slotting fringe bar that will handle well again vertically inserts in the hole that the railway carriage or compartment face accomplishes fluently; Insert fringe and insert the degree of depth 2/3 in the soil; Blade does not contact with earth, and leaf is to court's one direction, and blade is not overlapping; After putting in place, the cuttage degree of depth, it is closely contacted with slotting fringe with forefinger and the female slotting fringe of light pressure earth on every side that refers to.
Epiphragma and sunshade
Inserted a railway carriage or compartment epiphragma one railway carriage or compartment, sprayed one time clear water, the high 40cm of face takes bow member with bamboo chip to the railway carriage or compartment face to the railway carriage or compartment by spacing 70cm vault, covers new agricultural plastic film, uses soil compaction around the film, and the two ends of encircleing during fine high temperature are opened aeration-cooling.
Sunshade, seedbed top 2m height build that sunshade stays 30% light transmittance or with 70% commodity sunshade net.
Seedbed management
1, Temperature and Humidity Control: temperature in the shed is controlled at 25-28 ℃; Relative air humidity is controlled at more than 90%, and temperature is higher than 28 ℃ and throws off the cross-ventilation hole that a high 10-15cm of long 0.8m rolled the film both sides by film bamboo bar aeration-cooling or that grow with 2 1m in the centre in seedbed in two ends.
2, sunshade hours control is 3 months.
3, whenever taking off film at a distance from 3-4 days morning, evening after the cuttage ventilates once; Time is no less than 30 minutes, and every standard railway carriage or compartment was converted water 100kg pouring at a distance from 15 days with the vicious clever 20g of the efficient chlorine fluorine of 40% phoxim 50g+4.5% hydrogen chrysanthemum fat 20ml+80% fenaminosulf 50g+99% and executed 1 time continuous 2-3 time.
4, after the sweet osmanthus cuttage seeding becomes to live, executed one time 1% urea or 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a distance from 10-15 days.
Claims (6)
1. a sweet osmanthus cuttage and seedling culture method is given birth to the branch of lignification or semi-lignified then and is made to insert fringe on the sweet osmanthus elite stand of the living good stalwartness of selection 8-20, and cuttage selected the leeward land readjustment topsoil that faces south plump in preceding 40-50 days; The good acid loam of draining is made ground, seedbed, it is characterized in that: the length 10m in standard railway carriage or compartment, seedbed, wide 1.1m, railway carriage or compartment are that standard is made apart from E 0.5m, and every railway carriage or compartment is with topsoil loam 500kg; Add 12% superphosphate 5kg, add 25% nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three element compound fertilizer 3kg and add clearly that liquid dung 100kg mixes the face in the railway carriage or compartment that pushes away thoroughly, use the plastic foil sealing and fermenting; Plough deeply ground, seedbed soil before the seedbed makes, degree of depth 25cm, the soil that the power of preserving moisture is strong do high van-type seedbed; Be that the railway carriage or compartment face is higher than the railway carriage or compartment stalk, the soil of the power of preserving moisture difference is done low van-type seedbed, and promptly the railway carriage or compartment stalk is higher than the seedbed of railway carriage or compartment face 25cm; Fermented-nutrition soil layer 10-12cm evenly tiles on the face of railway carriage or compartment; The thick yellow earth cubsoil of crossing the 5mm sieve of one deck 8-10cm in shop, nutrition soil layer plane is treated its natural subsidence again, waters once permeable before the cuttage; The ditch that begins to rehearse around the nursery, wide 30cm, dark 50cm; Sweet osmanthus inserts the fringe bar and is cut into long 8-10cm, and a slice leaf is stayed at every top, and the top clip is apart from the blade handle 2-3mm of stem straight snips; The lower end clip is from saving down 0.2mm and inserting fringe and become miter angle tiltedly to cut; It is level and smooth that clip is wanted, and the top clip drips glue on the slotting fringe bar that shears, and ties up bundled; Following clip is immersed in the taking root liquid for preparing concentration, soak time and the prescribed limit of concentration by different commodity root-growing agent operation instructions; Before the cuttage sterilized and desinsection in the seedbed; On the seedbed, press line-spacing 10cm spacing in the rows 7cm apart from punching, vertically insert in the face of railway carriage or compartment, insert fringe and insert in the soil 2/3, leaf is to unanimity, and blade contact with earth, and insertion depth puts in place with the light slotting fringe ambient earth of pressure of forefinger and thumb, makes its tight contact; To railway carriage or compartment cover film and sunshade; Seedbed management is controlled humidity; Sunshade hours control; Diseases and pests controlling; Fertilising.
2. sweet osmanthus cuttage and seedling culture method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: inserting the fringe bar upper end glue that clip dripped is the glue that commercially available stickup paper is used.
3. sweet osmanthus cuttage and seedling culture method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the sterilization in described seedbed and desinsection; Preceding 2 hours of cuttage, seedbed, every standard railway carriage or compartment adds 4.5% efficient chlorine fluorine hydrogen chrysanthemum fat 15-30ml with 40% phoxim 60-90g and adds 80% fenaminosulf 50-60g and add 99% and dislike mould clever 25-40g and convert water 150-200kg and all drench the face in the railway carriage or compartment.
4. sweet osmanthus cuttage and seedling culture method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described railway carriage or compartment cover film and sunshade, cuttage finish the back to clear water of seedbed spray; The intact railway carriage or compartment of cuttage is an epiphragma, and the railway carriage or compartment face is by spacing 70cm, and vault to the railway carriage or compartment high 40cm of face takes bow member with bamboo chip; Cover new agricultural plastic film; Soil compaction around the film, when temperature was high, the two ends of arch were opened aeration-cooling; Seedbed top builds that sunshade stays 30% light transmittance or with 70% commodity sunshade net.
5. sweet osmanthus cuttage and seedling culture method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described seedbed Temperature and Humidity Control, temperature in the shed are controlled at 25-28 ℃; Relative moisture is controlled at 90%, and temperature is higher than 28 ℃ and throws off the two ends film, and is aeration-cooling or roll a long 0.8m in the middle of the seedbed; The cross-ventilation hole of high 10-15cm; Sunshade hours control 3 months, every film of taking off at a distance from 3-4 days ventilates 1 time after the cuttage, and the time is more than 30 minutes; Every standard railway carriage or compartment was converted water 100kg pouring at a distance from 15 days with the vicious clever 20g of the efficient chlorine fluorine of 40% phoxim 50g+4.5% hydrogen chrysanthemum fat 20ml+80% fenaminosulf 50g+99% and is executed 2-3 time continuously.
6. sweet osmanthus cuttage and seedling culture method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described fertilising, after the sweet osmanthus cuttage seeding becomes to live, executed one time 1% urea or 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a distance from 10-15 days.
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| CN201010599528A CN102144471B (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2010-12-22 | Method for cutting and growing seedling of osmanthus trees |
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| CN201010599528A CN102144471B (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2010-12-22 | Method for cutting and growing seedling of osmanthus trees |
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| CN106358964A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-02-01 | 合肥润雨农业科技有限公司 | Cutting and seedling culture method of sweet osmanthus |
| CN106818383A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-06-13 | 焦杰彪 | A kind of osmanthus in August cuttage and seedling culture method |
| CN108012685A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-05-11 | 冯阳春 | A kind of seedling-wood breeding method |
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