CN101982050A - Method for asexually propagating taxus cuspidata - Google Patents
Method for asexually propagating taxus cuspidata Download PDFInfo
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- CN101982050A CN101982050A CN 201010298148 CN201010298148A CN101982050A CN 101982050 A CN101982050 A CN 101982050A CN 201010298148 CN201010298148 CN 201010298148 CN 201010298148 A CN201010298148 A CN 201010298148A CN 101982050 A CN101982050 A CN 101982050A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for asexually propagating taxus cuspidata, relating to the method for propagating the taxus cuspidate. The invention solves the problems of low rooting rate and weak nursery stock in the existing cutting propagation method for the taxus cuspidate and low survival rate under natural condition when the taxus cuspidata is transplanted for afforestation on a mountain. The method comprises the following steps: ears are picked up in winter of the first year, and is buried by ice and snow; in spring of the second year, cutting is carried out on a disinfected cutting bed, a film is coated on the cutting bed in 2.5 to 3 months with humidity of between 85 and 88 percent at the temperature of between 26 and 29 DEG C and shading degree of between 70 and 75 percent after cutting is completed, and the cutting bet is subject to fertilizer application and sterilization; the coated film is removed, cold-proof water is irrigated before winter; and the bed is changed in spring of the third year, and culture is conducted for two years to obtain the taxus cuspidata for afforestation. The cultured sapling has 100 percent of lignification, 80 to 96 percent of cut rooting rate and 85 to 90 percent of planting percentage, thus the mature period of medical forest is shortened. The method can be used for large-scale afforestation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method that taxus chinensis in northeast is bred.
Background technology
Taxus chinensis in northeast has another name called Japanese yew, it is taxaceae magaphanerophytes, be rare tree species, its stem, branch, leaf, root all can be used as medicine, main component is taxol, taxine, diterpenoids compound, have anti-cancer function is arranged, and the diabetes of inhibition are arranged and treat cardiopathic effectiveness, seed can also extract oil in addition.Because taxus chinensis in northeast is medicinal seeds in imminent danger, dioecism, and it is fragmentary to distribute is difficult to collect seed and seeding ratio is low, is difficult to satisfy breed needs on a large scale; Publication number is the cultivation method that the Chinese patent of CN1745619A discloses a kind of Chinese yew, this method is at solar term in clear and bright and the beginning of autumn, plant branching is cut, be trimmed to 10cm～20cm and become section, the bottom leaf is removed, put into and carry out cuttage after the soup of taking root soaks 20min～40min, cuttage and seedling culture soil is made up of foaming perlite, vermiculite, soil and sand equal portions batching, cuttage was taken root in 3～3.5 months, move into then and cultivate 3.5～4.5 months in the nutritive cube, long to sapling to 10cm～20cm, cut the earth and transplant, carry out Routine Management then.The nursery stock that this method is cultivated is thin and delicate, malnutrition, and lignification is bad, is unfavorable for seedling overwintering.Publication number is the breeding and seedling method that the Chinese patent of CN1711826A discloses a kind of Chinese yew, and this method is cut into segment with the first tender shoots of Chinese yew spring, and every section has 2～4 true leaf buds; Then with Chinese yew just the tender shoots segment plant in the breeding humus soil is grown seedlings base, insulation urging grow seedlings germinate to the bud strain be more than 12 centimetres; Again segment is cut in the bud strain, every section 2～4 true leaf buds are planted in the breeding humus soil and are grown seedlings in the base, insulation urging grow seedlings germinate to the bud strain be more than the 12cm; Treat that the bud strain decides to transplant after the strain.This method is bred with the first tender shoots of Chinese yew, and the Chinese yew seedling that obtains is thin and delicate, transplants on the Yushan Hill and afforests, and survival rate is 40%～60% only under field conditions (factors), and degree of lignification is low, and cold resistance is poor, and technology is loaded down with trivial details, and production cost is than higher.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be low for the cuttage breeding method rooting rate that solves existing Chinese yew, nursery stock is thin and delicate, transplant on the Yushan Hill and afforest, the low problem of survival rate under field conditions (factors), and the method for taxus chinensis in northeast pierre is provided.
The method of taxus chinensis in northeast pierre of the present invention is carried out according to the following steps: one, select fringe: the winter in 1 year, the middle and upper part of Chinese yew tree crown was northeastward cut and is adopted 1～3 year whole lignified branch of life and make cuttage bar fringe, buries stand-by with ice and snow; Two, cutting bed was made: the spring in 1 year, by the mass ratio of detritus soil and river sand is 1: 1.4～1.6 to take by weighing detritus soil and river sand and mix, carry out disinfection, after desinsection handles, being made into width in the greenhouse or on the open country is that 0.9m～1.2m, thickness are the cutting bed of 0.25m～0.30m; Three, the skewer fringe is handled: it is 10cm～15cm that the bar fringe of step 1 collection is cut into length, and the plugged ear of base diameter 〉=0.2cm, plugged ear have 1 terminal bud or short lateral bud, use HORMONE TREATMENT then; Four, cuttage: with concentration is the liquor potassic permanganate sprinkling cutting bed of 0.18%～0.22% (quality), every square metre is sprayed 2L～3L, the plugged ear that step 3 is handled is vertically inserted on the cutting bed then, the cuttage degree of depth is 1/3 of a cutting length, the line space of cuttage is from being 5cm～6cm, and distance is 3cm～3.5cm between the strain in every row, uses the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.09%～0.11% (quality) to spray after the cuttage immediately, every square metre is sprayed 2L～3L, and then washes leaf with clear water; Five, cuttage seeding management: from cuttage finish to after 2.5～3 months time in, on cutting bed, cover plastic film, relative moisture in the growing space of maintenance taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is 85%～88%, temperature is 26 ℃～29 ℃, obscurity is 70%～75%, 1000 times of liquid disinfectants using carbendazim 50% wetting powder weekly once sprayed fertilizer once in per ten days, and wherein the trace element fertilizer amount of application is 0.03g/m
2～0.04g/m
2, the fertile amount of application of macroelement is 5g/m
2～10g/m
2, remove plastic film on the cutting bed then, the relative moisture in the growing space of maintenance taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is 85%～88%, obscurity is 70%～75%; Six, overwinter management: in the greenhouse, grow seedlings, when the temperature in the greenhouse is low to moderate 4 ℃～6 ℃, irrigate winter protection water, keeping indoor temperature then is-10 ℃～-35 ℃, and obscurity is the 70%～75%, three year spring, when temperature was stablized by 4 ℃～6 ℃, adjusting obscurity was 50%～60%; On open country, grow seedlings, when the minimum air temperature is low to moderate 9 ℃～11 ℃, the taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is covered, cover the straw screen or mat shading on the plastic foil with plastic foil, the ventilation of film both sides, the freeze-up preceding winter protection water of irrigating in the 3rd year spring, removes straw screen or mat when temperature is stablized by 10 ℃; Seven, changing bed cultivates: the 3rd year spring, by the mass ratio of detritus soil and river sand is 1: 1.4～1.6 to take by weighing detritus soil and river sand and mix, carry out disinfection, after desinsection is handled, being made into width on open country is 0.9m～1.1m, thickness is the seedbed of 0.25m～0.30m, then when temperature is stablized by 15 ℃, the taxus chinensis in northeast seedling that step 6 is cultivated is pressed line space from being 10cm～11cm, distance is implanted on the seedbed for 5cm～6cm between strain, cultivated 2 years, in biennium, spring, keep that relative moisture is 85%～88% in the growing space of Chinese yew seedling in summer and autumn, obscurity is 70%～75%, 1000 times of liquid disinfectants using carbendazim 50% wetting powder weekly once, sprayed fertilizer once in per ten days, wherein the amount of application of trace element fertilizer is 0.03g～0.04g/m
2, the amount of application of macroelement fertilizer is 5g/m
2～10g/m
2With plastic foil cover taxus chinensis in northeast seedling when being low to moderate 9 ℃～11 ℃ when the minimum air temperature autumn, covers the straw screen or mat shading on the plastic foil, the ventilation of film both sides, the freeze-up preceding winter protection water of irrigating; The taxus chinensis in northeast seedling of afforestation obtains going up a hill; Wherein the HORMONE TREATMENT described in the step 3 is meant with skewer fringe root concentration to be that the α-Nai Yisuan of 40ppm～100ppm is soaked 15h～24h or is 40 * 10 with skewer fringe root concentration
-6μ L/L～70 * 10
-6Soaking with indole butyric acid 10h～14h of μ L/L.
The present invention gathered cuttage bar fringe 1 year winter, buried with ice and snow, kept the bar fringe to be in the state of not sprouting, and nutrition is not run off, and prolong the activity duration, and ice and snow buried and can sterilize.By HORMONE TREATMENT to plugged ear, the temperature of cuttage seeding, humidity, illumination and fertile management, make the nutrition of taxus chinensis in northeast seedling abundant, nursery stock is healthy and strong, 100% lignification, method of the present invention makes taxus chinensis in northeast cuttage root-taking rate reach 80%～96%, planting percent reaches 85%～90%, accelerate the speed of seedling-wood breeding, the illumination of this method, temperature, damp condition is fit to the taxus chinensis in northeast growth, make the high amount of growth of taxus chinensis in northeast year of artificial breeding reach 10cm～25cm, and the about 5cm～8cm of high amount of growth of natural taxus chinensis in northeast year, make the taxus chinensis in northeast afforestation of artificial culture get final product collection and utilization after 3 years, under the situation that does not reduce the medicinal content of taxus chinensis in northeast taxol, shortened the technical maturity of the medicinal woods of taxus chinensis in northeast; The clone taxus chinensis in northeast of artificial culture is the shrub shape more, be thick with leaves, amount of growth is big, after measured, its branches and leaves dry matter biomass yield is more than 2.5 times of natural taxus chinensis in northeast of the same age: natural living branches and leaves (dry matter) are 0.1 kilogram/strain～02 kilogram/strain, artificial culture be 0.3 kilogram/strain～0.5 kilogram/strain; The taxus chinensis in northeast of artificial culture was cut every 1 year and is gathered branches and leaves once, and increased with the age of tree, and its branches and leaves output increases progressively, and has guaranteed the amount of growth and the Sustainable utilization of resources of the medicinal woods maximum of Chinese yew.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: the method for the taxus chinensis in northeast pierre of present embodiment was carried out according to the following steps: one, select fringe: the winter in 1 year, the middle and upper part of Chinese yew tree crown northeastward, cut and adopt 1 year～3 years whole lignified branches of life and make cuttage bar fringe, bury stand-by with ice and snow; Two, cutting bed was made: the spring in 1 year, by the mass ratio of detritus soil and river sand is 1: 1.4～1.6 to take by weighing detritus soil and river sand and mix, carry out disinfection, after desinsection handles, being made into width in the greenhouse or on the open country is that 0.9m～1.2m, thickness are the cutting bed of 0.25m～0.30m; Three, the skewer fringe is handled: it is 10cm～15cm that the bar fringe of step 1 collection is cut into length, and the plugged ear of base diameter 〉=0.2cm, plugged ear have 1 terminal bud or short lateral bud, use HORMONE TREATMENT then; Four, cuttage: with concentration is the liquor potassic permanganate sprinkling cutting bed of 0.18%～0.22% (quality), every square metre is sprayed 2L～3L, the plugged ear that step 3 is handled is vertically inserted on the cutting bed then, the cuttage degree of depth is 1/3 of a cutting length, the line space of cuttage is from being 5cm～6cm, and distance is 3cm～3.5cm between the strain in every row, uses the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.09%～0.11% (quality) to spray after the cuttage immediately, every square metre is sprayed 2L～3L, and then washes leaf with clear water; Five, cuttage seeding management: from cuttage finish to after 2.5～3 months time in, on cutting bed, cover plastic film, relative moisture in the growing space of maintenance taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is 85%～88%, temperature is 26 ℃～29 ℃, obscurity is 70%～75%, 1000 times of liquid disinfectants using carbendazim 50% wetting powder weekly once sprayed fertilizer once in per ten days, and wherein the trace element fertilizer amount of application is 0.03g/m
2～0.04g/m
2, the fertile amount of application of macroelement is 5g/m
2～10g/m
2, remove plastic film on the cutting bed then, the relative moisture in the growing space of maintenance taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is 85%～88%, obscurity is 70%～75%; Six, overwinter management: in the greenhouse, grow seedlings, when the temperature in the greenhouse is low to moderate 4 ℃～6 ℃, irrigate winter protection water, keeping indoor temperature then is-10 ℃～-35 ℃, and obscurity is the 70%～75%, three year spring, when temperature was stablized by 4 ℃～6 ℃, adjusting obscurity was 50%～60%; On open country, grow seedlings, when the minimum air temperature is low to moderate 9 ℃～11 ℃, the taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is covered, cover the straw screen or mat shading on the plastic foil with plastic foil, the ventilation of film both sides, the freeze-up preceding winter protection water of irrigating in the 3rd year spring, removes straw screen or mat when temperature is stablized by 10 ℃; Seven, changing bed cultivates: the 3rd year spring, by the mass ratio of detritus soil and river sand is 1: 1.4～1.6 to take by weighing detritus soil and river sand and mix, carry out disinfection, after desinsection is handled, being made into width on open country is 0.9m～1.1m, thickness is the seedbed of 0.25m～0.30m, then when temperature is stablized by 15 ℃, the taxus chinensis in northeast seedling that step 6 is cultivated is pressed line space from being 10cm～11cm, distance is implanted on the seedbed for 5cm～6cm between strain, cultivated 2 years, in biennium, spring, keep that relative moisture is 85%～88% in the growing space of Chinese yew seedling in summer and autumn, obscurity is 70%～75%, 1000 times of liquid disinfectants using carbendazim 50% wetting powder weekly once, sprayed fertilizer once in per ten days, wherein the amount of application of trace element fertilizer is 0.03g～0.04g/m
2, the amount of application of macroelement fertilizer is 5g/m
2～10g/m
2With plastic foil cover taxus chinensis in northeast seedling when being low to moderate 9 ℃～11 ℃ when the minimum air temperature autumn, covers the straw screen or mat shading on the plastic foil, the ventilation of film both sides, the freeze-up preceding winter protection water of irrigating; The taxus chinensis in northeast seedling of afforestation obtains going up a hill; Wherein the HORMONE TREATMENT described in the step 3 is meant with skewer fringe root concentration to be that the α-Nai Yisuan of 40ppm～100ppm is soaked 15h～24h or is 40 * 10 with skewer fringe root concentration
-6μ L/L～70 * 10
-6Soaking with indole butyric acid 10h～14h of μ L/L.
Trace element fertilizer in the present embodiment step 5 and macroelement fertilizer are the commercially available prod.
Present embodiment was gathered cuttage bar fringe 1 year winter, buried with ice and snow, kept the bar fringe to be in the state of not sprouting, and nutrition is not run off, and prolong the activity duration, and ice and snow buried and can sterilize.By HORMONE TREATMENT to plugged ear, the temperature of cuttage seeding, humidity, illumination and fertile management, make the nutrition of taxus chinensis in northeast seedling abundant, nursery stock is healthy and strong, cultured sapling 100% lignification, the method of present embodiment makes taxus chinensis in northeast cuttage root-taking rate reach 80%～96%, planting percent reaches 85%～90%, accelerate the speed of seedling-wood breeding, the illumination of this method, temperature, damp condition is fit to the taxus chinensis in northeast growth, make the high amount of growth of taxus chinensis in northeast year of artificial breeding reach 10cm～25cm, and the about 5cm～8cm of high amount of growth of natural taxus chinensis in northeast year, make the taxus chinensis in northeast afforestation of artificial culture get final product collection and utilization after 3 years, under the situation that does not reduce the medicinal content of taxus chinensis in northeast taxol, shortened the technical maturity of the medicinal woods of taxus chinensis in northeast; The clone taxus chinensis in northeast of artificial culture is the shrub shape more, be thick with leaves, amount of growth is big, after measured, its branches and leaves dry matter biomass yield is more than 2.5 times of natural taxus chinensis in northeast of the same age: natural living branches and leaves (dry matter) are 0.1 kilogram/strain～0.2 kilogram/strain, artificial culture be 0.3 kilogram/strain～0.5 kilogram/strain; The taxus chinensis in northeast of artificial culture was cut every 1 year and is gathered branches and leaves once, and increased with the age of tree, and its branches and leaves output increases progressively, and has guaranteed the amount of growth and the Sustainable utilization of resources of the medicinal woods maximum of Chinese yew.
Embodiment two: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is: the river sand diameter 1mm～0.1mm described in the step 2.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is: the river sand diameter 0.8mm～0.3mm described in the step 2.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment four: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to three is: the sterilization described in step 2 and the step 7, desinsection are handled and carried out according to the following steps: 500 times of liquid with carbendazim 50% wetting powder spray soil, and every square metre is 2L～3L with the amount of spraying.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to three.
Embodiment five: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to three is: the sterilization described in step 2 and the step 7, desinsection are handled and carried out according to the following steps: 500 times of liquid with carbendazim 50% wetting powder spray soil, and every square metre is 2.5L with the amount of spraying.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to three.
Embodiment six: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to five is: cut in the step 1 and adopt 2 years whole lignified branches of life and make cuttage bar fringe.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to five.
Embodiment seven: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to six is: the mass ratio of detritus soil and river sand is 1: 1.45～1.55 in the step 2.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to six.
Embodiment eight: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to six is: the mass ratio of detritus soil and river sand is 1: 1.5 in the step 2.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to six.
Embodiment nine: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to eight is: the width of cutting bed is that 0.95m～1.15m, thickness are 0.26m～0.28m in the step 2.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to eight.
Embodiment ten: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to eight is: the width of cutting bed is that 1.1m, thickness are 0.27m in the step 2.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to eight.
Embodiment 11: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to ten is: cutting length is that 11cm～14cm, base diameter are 0.22cm～2.5cm in the step 3.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to ten.
Embodiment 12: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to ten is: cutting length is that 13cm, base diameter are 0.25cm～1cm in the step 3.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to ten.
Embodiment 13: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 12 is: be that the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.19%～0.21% (quality) sprays cutting bed, every square metre of sprinkling 2.2L～2.8L with concentration before the cuttage in the step 4.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 12.
Embodiment 14: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 12 is: be that the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.20% (quality) sprays cutting bed, every square metre of sprinkling 2.5L with concentration before the cuttage in the step 4.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 12.
Embodiment 15: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 14 is: the line space of cuttage is from being 5.3cm～5.8cm in the step 4, and distance is 3.1cm～3.4cm between the strain in every row.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 14.
Embodiment 16: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 14 is: the line space of cuttage is from being 5.5cm in the step 4, and distance is 3.3cm between the strain in every row.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 14.
Embodiment 17: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 16 is: spray with the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.095%～0.105% (quality) after the cuttage in the step 4, every square metre is sprayed 2.2L～2.8L.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 16.
Embodiment 18: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 16 is: spray with the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.10% (quality) after the cuttage in the step 4, every square metre is sprayed 2.5L.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 16.
Embodiment 19: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 18 is: in the step 5 from cuttage finish to after 2.6～2.9 months time in, on cutting bed, cover plastic film, relative moisture in the growing space of maintenance taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is 85.5%～87.5%, temperature is 26.2 ℃～28.7 ℃, obscurity is 71%～74%, and the trace element fertilizer amount of application is 0.032g～0.038g/m when applying fertilizer at every turn
2, the fertile amount of application of macroelement is 6g/m
2～9g/m
2Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 18.
Embodiment 20: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 18 is: in the step 5 from cuttage finish to after 2.8 months time in, on cutting bed, cover plastic film, relative moisture in the growing space of maintenance taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is 86%, temperature is 27 ℃, obscurity is 73%, and the trace element fertilizer amount of application is 0.035g/m when applying fertilizer at every turn
2, the fertile amount of application of macroelement is 8g/m
2Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 18.
Embodiment 21: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 20 is: remove in the step 5 on the cutting bed behind the plastic film, relative moisture in the growing space of maintenance taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is 85.5%～87.5%, and obscurity is 71%～74%.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 20.
Embodiment 22: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 20 is: remove in the step 5 on the cutting bed behind the plastic film, keeping the relative moisture in the growing space of taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is 87%, and obscurity is 72%.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 20.
Embodiment 23: present embodiment is with one of embodiment one to 22 different: grow seedlings in the greenhouse in the step 6, when the temperature in the greenhouse is low to moderate 4.2 ℃～5.8 ℃, irrigate winter protection water, keeping indoor temperature then is-12 ℃～-33 ℃, obscurity is 71%～74%, in the 3rd year spring, when temperature was stablized by 4.5 ℃～5.5 ℃, adjusting obscurity was 52%～58%.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 22.
Embodiment 24: present embodiment is with one of embodiment one to 22 different: grow seedlings in the greenhouse in the step 6, when the temperature in the greenhouse is low to moderate 5 ℃, irrigate winter protection water, keeping indoor temperature then is-25 ℃, obscurity is 73%, in the 3rd year spring, when temperature was stablized by 5 ℃, adjusting obscurity was 55%.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 22.
Embodiment 25: present embodiment is different with one of embodiment one to 24: grow seedlings on open country in the step 6, when the minimum air temperature is low to moderate 9.5 ℃～10.5 ℃, with plastic foil the taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is covered.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 24.
Embodiment 26: present embodiment is different with one of embodiment one to 24: grow seedlings on open country in the step 6, when the minimum air temperature is low to moderate 10 ℃, with plastic foil the taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is covered.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 24.
Embodiment 27: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 26 is: the mass ratio of detritus soil and river sand is 1: 1.45～1.55 in the step 7.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 26.
Embodiment 28: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 26 is: the mass ratio of detritus soil and river sand is 1: 1.50 in the step 7.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 26.
Embodiment 29: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 28 is: in the step 7 on open country the width in seedbed be that 0.95m～1.05m, thickness are 0.26m～0.29m.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 28.
Embodiment 30: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 28 is: in the step 7 on open country the width in seedbed be that 1.0m, thickness are 0.28m.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 28.
Embodiment 31: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 30 is: the line space of taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is from being 5.2cm～5.8cm for distance between 10.2cm～10.8cm, strain in the step 7.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 30.
Embodiment 32: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 30 is: the line space of taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is from being 5.5cm for distance between 10.5cm, strain in the step 7.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 30.
Embodiment 33: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 32 is: keep in the step 7 that relative moisture is 85.5%～87.5% in the growing space of Chinese yew seedling in spring nurturing period, summer and autumn, obscurity is 71%～74%.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 32.
Embodiment 34: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 32 is: keep in the step 7 that relative moisture is 86% in the growing space of Chinese yew seedling in spring nurturing period, summer and autumn, obscurity is 73%.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 32.
Embodiment 35: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 34 is: the amount of application of nurturing period trace element fertilizer is 0.032g～0.038g/m in the step 7
2, the amount of application of macroelement fertilizer is 6g/m
2～9g/m
2Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 34.
Embodiment 36: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 34 is: the amount of application of nurturing period trace element fertilizer is 0.035g/m in the step 7
2, the amount of application of macroelement fertilizer is 8g/m
2Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 34.
Embodiment 37: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 36 is: cover the taxus chinensis in northeast seedling with plastic foil autumn nurturing period when the minimum air temperature is low to moderate 9.5 ℃～10.5 ℃ in the step 7.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 36.
Embodiment 38: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 36 is: cover the taxus chinensis in northeast seedling with plastic foil autumn nurturing period when the minimum air temperature is low to moderate 10 ℃ in the step 7.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 36.
Embodiment 39: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 38 is: the HORMONE TREATMENT described in the step 3 is to be α-Nai Yisuan immersion 16h～23h of 50ppm～90ppm with skewer fringe root concentration.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 38.
Embodiment 40: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 38 is: the HORMONE TREATMENT described in the step 3 is to be the α-Nai Yisuan immersion 20h of 70ppm with skewer fringe root concentration.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 38.
Embodiment 41: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 38 is: the HORMONE TREATMENT described in the step 3 is to be 45 * 10 with skewer fringe root concentration
-6μ L/L～65 * 10
-6Soaking with indole butyric acid 11h～13h of μ L/L.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 38.
Embodiment 42: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to 38 is: the HORMONE TREATMENT described in the step 3 is to be 50 * 10 with skewer fringe root concentration
-6The soaking with indole butyric acid 12h of μ L/L.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to 38.
Embodiment 43: the method for the taxus chinensis in northeast pierre of present embodiment is carried out according to the following steps:
The method of the taxus chinensis in northeast pierre of present embodiment is carried out according to the following steps: one, select fringe: the winter in 1 year, the middle and upper part of Chinese yew tree crown was northeastward cut and is adopted 1～3 year whole lignified branch of life and make cuttage bar fringe, buries stand-by with ice and snow; Two, cutting bed is made: the spring in 1 year, be to take by weighing detritus soil and river sand at 1: 1.5 and mix by the mass ratio of detritus soil and river sand, carry out disinfection, after the desinsection processing that being made into width in the greenhouse is that 1.1m, thickness are the cutting bed of 0.25m; Three, the skewer fringe is handled: it is 15cm that the bar fringe of step 1 collection is cut into length, the plugged ear of base diameter 〉=0.2cm, plugged ear have 1 terminal bud or short lateral bud, and the upper cut of plugged ear is flat mouthful, lower cut is an angle, is the α-Nai Yisuan immersion 17h of 100ppm then with concentration; Four, cuttage: with concentration is the liquor potassic permanganate sprinkling cutting bed of 0.20% (quality), every square metre is sprayed 2L, the plugged ear that step 3 is handled is vertically inserted on the cutting bed then, the cuttage degree of depth is 1/3 of a cutting length, the line space of cuttage is from being 5cm, and distance is 3cm between the strain in every row, uses the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.10% (quality) to spray after the cuttage immediately, every square metre is sprayed 2L, and then washes leaf with clear water; Five, cuttage seeding management: from cuttage finish to after 2.5 months time in, on cutting bed, cover plastic film, relative moisture in the growing space of maintenance taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is 86%, temperature is 27 ℃～28 ℃, obscurity is 72%, 1000 times of liquid disinfectants using carbendazim 50% wetting powder weekly once sprayed fertilizer once in per ten days, and wherein the trace element fertilizer amount of application is 0.035g/m
2, the fertile amount of application of macroelement is 8g/m
2, remove plastic film on the cutting bed then, the relative moisture in the growing space of maintenance taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is 85%, obscurity is 70%; Six, overwinter management: when the temperature in the greenhouse is low to moderate 5 ℃, irrigate winter protection water, keeping indoor temperature then is-10 ℃～-35 ℃, and obscurity is 75%, the three year spring, and when temperature was stablized by 5 ℃, adjusting obscurity was 60%; Seven, changing bed cultivates: the 3rd year spring, by the mass ratio of detritus soil and river sand is to take by weighing detritus soil and river sand at 1: 1.4 and mix, carry out disinfection, after desinsection is handled, being made into width on open country is 1.0m, thickness is the seedbed of 0.30m, then when temperature is stablized by 15 ℃, the taxus chinensis in northeast seedling that step 6 is cultivated is pressed line space from being 10cm, distance is implanted on the seedbed for 6cm between strain, cultivated 2 years, in biennium, spring, keep that relative moisture is 86% in the growing space of Chinese yew seedling in summer and autumn, obscurity is 75%, 1000 times of liquid disinfectants using carbendazim 50% wetting powder weekly once, sprayed fertilizer once in per ten days, wherein the amount of application of trace element fertilizer is 0.04g/m
2, the amount of application of macroelement fertilizer is 10g/m
2With plastic foil cover taxus chinensis in northeast seedling when being low to moderate 10 ℃ when the minimum air temperature autumn, covers the straw screen or mat shading on the plastic foil, the ventilation of film both sides, the freeze-up preceding winter protection water of irrigating; The taxus chinensis in northeast seedling of afforestation obtains going up a hill.
Present embodiment experimental field be located at nursery, State Forestry Administration, P.R. China green hill, reed river, Heilongjiang Province.The geographical position be 127 ° 21 of east longitude '～127 ° 25 ', 45 ° 16 '～45 ° 19 of north latitude ', 36.4 ℃ of year maximum air temperatures, the minimum air temperature-38.1 ℃, mean annual precipitation is 635.8mm, average annual relative moisture 70%.The method of present embodiment makes taxus chinensis in northeast cuttage root-taking rate reach 89.2%, planting percent reaches 85%, accelerate the speed of seedling-wood breeding, the illumination of this method, temperature, damp condition are fit to the taxus chinensis in northeast growth, make the high amount of growth of taxus chinensis in northeast year of artificial breeding reach 15cm, and the about 5cm～8cm of high amount of growth of natural taxus chinensis in northeast year, make the taxus chinensis in northeast afforestation of artificial culture get final product collection and utilization after 3 years, under the situation that does not reduce the medicinal content of taxus chinensis in northeast taxol, shortened the technical maturity of the medicinal woods of taxus chinensis in northeast; The clone taxus chinensis in northeast of artificial culture is the shrub shape more, be thick with leaves, amount of growth is big, after measured, its branches and leaves dry matter biomass yield is more than 2.5 times of natural taxus chinensis in northeast of the same age: natural living branches and leaves (dry matter) are 0.14 kilogram/strain, artificial culture be 0.3～0.5 kilogram/strain; Manually accompany the taxus chinensis in northeast of educating to cut every 1 year and gather branches and leaves once, and increase with the age of tree, its branches and leaves output increases progressively, and has guaranteed the amount of growth and the Sustainable utilization of resources of the medicinal woods maximum of Chinese yew.
Embodiment 44: the method for the taxus chinensis in northeast pierre of present embodiment was carried out according to the following steps: one, select fringe: the winter in 1 year, the middle and upper part of Chinese yew tree crown northeastward, cut and adopt 1～3 year whole lignified branch of life and make cuttage bar fringe, bury stand-by with ice and snow; Two, cutting bed is made: the spring in 1 year, be to take by weighing detritus soil and river sand at 1: 1.5 and mix by the mass ratio of detritus soil and river sand, carry out disinfection, after the desinsection processing that being made into width on open country is that 1.0m, thickness are the cutting bed of 0.30m; Three, the skewer fringe is handled: it is 15cm that the bar fringe of step 1 collection is cut into length, and base diameter is the plugged ear of 0.2cm～1cm, and plugged ear has 1 terminal bud or short lateral bud, and the upper cut of plugged ear is flat mouthful, and lower cut is an angle, is 50 * 10 with concentration
-6The soaking with indole butyric acid 10h of μ L/L; Four, cuttage: with concentration is the liquor potassic permanganate sprinkling cutting bed of 0.20% (quality), every square metre is sprayed 2.5L, the plugged ear that step 3 is handled is vertically inserted on the cutting bed then, the cuttage degree of depth is 1/3 of a cutting length, the line space of cuttage is from being 6cm, and distance is 3.5cm between the strain in every row, uses the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.10% (quality) to spray after the cuttage immediately, every square metre is sprayed 2.5L, and then washes leaf with clear water; Five, cuttage seeding management: from cuttage finish to after 2.5 months time in, on cutting bed, cover plastic film, relative moisture in the growing space of maintenance taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is 87%, temperature is 26 ℃～27 ℃, obscurity is 74%, 1000 times of liquid disinfectants using carbendazim 50% wetting powder weekly once sprayed fertilizer once in per ten days, and wherein the trace element fertilizer amount of application is 0.04g/m
2, the fertile amount of application of macroelement is 8g/m
2, remove plastic film on the cutting bed then, the relative moisture in the growing space of maintenance taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is 85%, obscurity is 70%; Six, overwinter management: when the minimum air temperature is low to moderate 10 ℃, the taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is covered, cover the straw screen or mat shading on the plastic foil with plastic foil, the ventilation of film both sides, the freeze-up preceding winter protection water of irrigating in the 3rd year spring, removes straw screen or mat when temperature is stablized by 10 ℃; Seven, changing bed cultivates: the 3rd year spring, by the mass ratio of detritus soil and river sand is to take by weighing detritus soil and river sand at 1: 1.4 and mix, carry out disinfection, after desinsection is handled, being made into width on open country is 1.0m, thickness is the seedbed of 0.30m, then when temperature is stablized by 15 ℃, the taxus chinensis in northeast seedling that step 6 is cultivated is pressed line space from being 10cm, distance is implanted on the seedbed for 6cm between strain, cultivated 2 years, in biennium, spring, keep that relative moisture is 86% in the growing space of Chinese yew seedling in summer and autumn, obscurity is 73%, 1000 times of liquid disinfectants using carbendazim 50% wetting powder weekly once, sprayed fertilizer once in per ten days, wherein the amount of application of trace element fertilizer is 0.04g/m
2, the amount of application of macroelement fertilizer is 8g/m
2With plastic foil cover taxus chinensis in northeast seedling when being low to moderate 10 ℃ when the minimum air temperature autumn, covers the straw screen or mat shading on the plastic foil, the ventilation of film both sides, the freeze-up preceding winter protection water of irrigating; The taxus chinensis in northeast seedling of afforestation obtains going up a hill.
Present embodiment experimental field be located at nursery, State Forestry Administration, P.R. China green hill, reed river, Heilongjiang Province.The geographical position be 127 ° 21 of east longitude '～127 ° 25 ', 45 ° 16 '～45 ° 19 of north latitude ', 36.4 ℃ of year maximum air temperatures, the minimum air temperature-38.1 ℃, mean annual precipitation is 635.8mm, average annual relative moisture 70%.
The method of present embodiment makes taxus chinensis in northeast cuttage root-taking rate reach 96%, planting percent reaches 94%, accelerate the speed of seedling-wood breeding, the illumination of this method, temperature, damp condition are fit to the taxus chinensis in northeast growth, make the high amount of growth of taxus chinensis in northeast year of artificial breeding reach 18cm, and the about 5cm～8cm of high amount of growth of natural taxus chinensis in northeast year, make the taxus chinensis in northeast afforestation of artificial culture get final product collection and utilization after 3 years, under the situation that does not reduce the medicinal content of taxus chinensis in northeast taxol, shortened the technical maturity of the medicinal woods of taxus chinensis in northeast; The clone taxus chinensis in northeast of artificial culture is the shrub shape more, be thick with leaves, amount of growth is big, after measured, its branches and leaves dry matter biomass yield is more than 2.5 times of natural taxus chinensis in northeast of the same age: natural living branches and leaves (dry matter) are 0.18 kilogram/strain, artificial culture be 0.3～0.5 kilogram/strain; Manually accompany the taxus chinensis in northeast of educating to cut every 1 year and gather branches and leaves once, and increase with the age of tree, its branches and leaves output increases progressively, and has guaranteed the amount of growth and the Sustainable utilization of resources of the medicinal woods maximum of Chinese yew.
Claims (10)
1. the method for taxus chinensis in northeast pierre, the method that it is characterized in that the taxus chinensis in northeast pierre was carried out according to the following steps: one, select fringe: the winter in 1 year, the middle and upper part of Chinese yew tree crown northeastward, cut and adopt 1～3 year whole lignified branch of life and make cuttage bar fringe, bury stand-by with ice and snow; Two, cutting bed was made: the spring in 1 year, by the mass ratio of detritus soil and river sand is 1: 1.4～1.6 to take by weighing detritus soil and river sand and mix, carry out disinfection, after desinsection handles, being made into width in the greenhouse or on the open country is that 0.9m～1.2m, thickness are the cutting bed of 0.25m～0.30m; Three, the skewer fringe is handled: it is 10cm～15cm that the bar fringe of step 1 collection is cut into length, and the plugged ear of base diameter 〉=0.2cm, plugged ear have 1 terminal bud or short lateral bud, use HORMONE TREATMENT then; Four, cuttage: with concentration is the liquor potassic permanganate sprinkling cutting bed of 0.18%～0.22% (quality), every square metre is sprayed 2L～3L, the plugged ear that step 3 is handled is vertically inserted on the cutting bed then, the cuttage degree of depth is 1/3 of a cutting length, the line space of cuttage is from being 5cm～6cm, and distance is 3cm～3.5cm between the strain in every row, uses the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.09%～0.11% (quality) to spray after the cuttage immediately, every square metre is sprayed 2L～3L, and then washes leaf with clear water; Five, cuttage seeding management: from cuttage finish to after 2.5～3 months time in, on cutting bed, cover plastic film, relative moisture in the growing space of maintenance taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is 85%～88%, temperature is 26 ℃～29 ℃, obscurity is 70%～75%, 1000 times of liquid disinfectants using carbendazim 50% wetting powder weekly once sprayed fertilizer once in per ten days, and wherein the trace element fertilizer amount of application is 0.03g/m
2～0.04g/m
2, the fertile amount of application of macroelement is 5g/m
2～10g/m
2, remove plastic film on the cutting bed then, the relative moisture in the growing space of maintenance taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is 85%～88%, obscurity is 70%～75%; Six, overwinter management: in the greenhouse, grow seedlings, when the temperature in the greenhouse is low to moderate 4 ℃～6 ℃, irrigate winter protection water, keeping indoor temperature then is-10 ℃～-35 ℃, and obscurity is the 70%～75%, three year spring, when temperature was stablized by 4 ℃～6 ℃, adjusting obscurity was 50%～60%; On open country, grow seedlings, when the minimum air temperature is low to moderate 9 ℃～11 ℃, the taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is covered, cover the straw screen or mat shading on the plastic foil with plastic foil, the ventilation of film both sides, the freeze-up preceding winter protection water of irrigating in the 3rd year spring, removes straw screen or mat when temperature is stablized by 10 ℃; Seven, changing bed cultivates: the 3rd year spring, by the mass ratio of detritus soil and river sand is 1: 1.4～1.6 to take by weighing detritus soil and river sand and mix, carry out disinfection, after desinsection is handled, being made into width on open country is 0.9m～1.1m, thickness is the seedbed of 0.25m～0.30m, then when temperature is stablized by 15 ℃, the taxus chinensis in northeast seedling that step 6 is cultivated is pressed line space from being 10cm～11cm, distance is implanted on the seedbed for 5cm～6cm between strain, cultivated 2 years, in biennium, spring, keep that relative moisture is 85%～88% in the growing space of Chinese yew seedling in summer and autumn, obscurity is 70%～75%, 1000 times of liquid disinfectants using carbendazim 50% wetting powder weekly once, sprayed fertilizer once in per ten days, wherein the amount of application of trace element fertilizer is 0.03g～0.04g/m
2, the amount of application of macroelement fertilizer is 5g/m
2～10g/m
2With plastic foil cover taxus chinensis in northeast seedling when being low to moderate 9 ℃～11 ℃ when the minimum air temperature autumn, covers the straw screen or mat shading on the plastic foil, the ventilation of film both sides, the freeze-up preceding winter protection water of irrigating; The taxus chinensis in northeast seedling of afforestation obtains going up a hill; Wherein the HORMONE TREATMENT described in the step 3 is meant with skewer fringe root concentration to be that the α-Nai Yisuan of 40ppm～100ppm is soaked 15h～24h or is 40 * 10-6 μ L/L～70 * 10 with skewer fringe root concentration
-6Soaking with indole butyric acid 10h～14h of μ L/L.
2. the method for taxus chinensis in northeast pierre according to claim 1 is characterized in that the river sand diameter 1mm～0.1mm described in the step 2.
3. the method for taxus chinensis in northeast pierre according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that the sterilization described in step 2 and the step 7, desinsection are handled carries out according to the following steps: 500 times of liquid with carbendazim 50% wetting powder spray soil, and every square metre is 2L～3L with the amount of spraying.
4. the method for taxus chinensis in northeast pierre according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the mass ratio of detritus soil and river sand is 1: 1.45～1.55 in the step 2.
5. the method for taxus chinensis in northeast pierre according to claim 1 and 2, the width that it is characterized in that cutting bed in the step 2 are that 0.95m～1.15m, thickness are 0.26m～0.28m.
6. the method for taxus chinensis in northeast pierre according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that cutting length is that 11cm～14cm, base diameter are 0.22cm～2.5cm in the step 3.
7. the method for taxus chinensis in northeast pierre according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that before the cuttage in the step 4 with concentration being that the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.19%～0.21% (quality) sprays cutting bed, every square metre of sprinkling 2.2L～2.8L.
8. the method for taxus chinensis in northeast pierre according to claim 1 and 2, the line space that it is characterized in that cuttage in the step 4 is from being 5.3cm～5.8cm, distance is 3.1cm～3.4cm between the strain in every row.
9. the method for taxus chinensis in northeast pierre according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that in the step 5 from cuttage finish to after 2.6～2.9 months time in, on cutting bed, cover plastic film, relative moisture in the growing space of maintenance taxus chinensis in northeast seedling is 85.5%～87.5%, temperature is 26.2 ℃～28.7 ℃, obscurity is 71%～74%, and the trace element fertilizer amount of application is 0.032g～0.038g/m when applying fertilizer at every turn
2, the fertile amount of application of macroelement is 6g/m
2～9g/m
2
10. the method for taxus chinensis in northeast pierre according to claim 1 and 2, the line space that it is characterized in that taxus chinensis in northeast seedling in step 7 distance between for 10.2cm～10.8cm, strain is 5.2cm～5.8cm.
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