CN114830925A

CN114830925A - Taxus chinensis breeding and forestation method

Info

Publication number: CN114830925A
Application number: CN202210374603.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄慧; 董树权
Original assignee: Heilongjiang Weishahe Agricultural Technology Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Heilongjiang Weishahe Agricultural Technology Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-04-11
Filing date: 2022-04-11
Publication date: 2022-08-02

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for breeding and forestation of taxus chinensis, which comprises the following steps: s1, cutting collection, wherein in the collection season before spring germination, thick branches or cutting piles growing from the middle and upper parts of the crown of the excellent mother tree for 1-2 years are selected as cuttings, and the cuttings are immediately placed into a barrel filled with a small amount of water after collection, so that the base of the cuttings is soaked in the water; and S2, cutting the cutting slips, cutting the collected cutting slips into cutting slips of the current year or a section of the cutting slips with the previous year, and cutting the cutting slips into a horse ear-shaped single-inclined-surface cut which is favorable for direct cutting and has the length of 15-20 cm. According to the method, the survival rate of the taxus chinensis cutting seedlings can be ensured through cutting collection, cutting and water management, temperature control management, fertilization management, illumination condition management, air condition management, pest control management and overwintering cold-proof management after cutting, the method is suitable for cultivating the timberland, is used for forest mixed forest construction, and can enlarge the taxus cuspidata seeds.

Description

Taxus chinensis breeding and forestation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese yew planting, in particular to a Chinese yew breeding and forestation method.

Background

Chinese yew: is an arbor of Taxus of Taxaceae of Taxifoles, up to 30 m, and has a diameter at breast height of 60-100 cm; bark taupe, russet or dark brown; yellow brown, light brown or red brown, lustrous, scaly and triangular oval shape, no ridge on the back or longitudinal ridge. The leaves are arranged in two rows, are in strip shape, are slightly bent or straight, have dark green upper surfaces and luster, have light yellow green lower surfaces, and are provided with two porous belts. The stamen is faint yellow, 8-14 stamens and 4-8 anthers. The seeds are grown in the pseudoseed coat with red cup meat, and are usually oval, the upper part of the pseudoseed coat is gradually narrowed, the pseudoseed coat is in a thin inverted oval shape, and is slightly flat or round, the upper part of the pseudoseed coat is usually provided with two blunt ridge, the front end of the pseudoseed coat is provided with a protruded short blunt tip, and the hilum of the pseudoseed coat is nearly round or wide oval.

When returning back to forest in partial areas, part can plant the chinese yew afforestation, but plant more chinese yew and then need breed it and the transplantation in later stage, realize the afforestation through transplanting, consequently be the key of later stage afforestation to the survival rate that chinese yew developed etc..

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for breeding and afforesting taxus chinensis, which aims to ensure the survival rate of the taxus chinensis.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

A method for breeding and afforesting Chinese yew comprises the following steps:

s1, cutting collection, wherein in the collection season before spring germination, thick branches or cutting piles growing from the middle and upper parts of the crown of the excellent mother tree for 1-2 years are selected as cuttings, and the cuttings are immediately placed into a barrel filled with a small amount of water after collection, so that the base of the cuttings is soaked in the water;

s2, cutting the cutting slips, cutting the collected cutting slips into cutting slips of the current year or a section of the previous year, cutting the cutting slips into a horse ear-shaped single-inclined-plane cut for direct cutting, wherein the length of the cut slips is 15-20 cm;

s3, processing the cutting slips, and performing root forcing treatment before cutting on the cut cutting slips according to the biological characteristics of the tree species so as to improve the rooting rate and the survival rate;

s4, selecting and processing a substrate, namely selecting one of vermiculite, perlite and peat to be mixed with other substrates according to a certain proportion to be used as the cutting soil;

s5, cutting, namely removing needle leaves of the cutting slips inserted into the soil, wherein the depth is 4cm, and then extruding the cutting soil at the base parts of the cutting slips by hands to ensure that the cutting soil is tightly connected with the cutting slips;

s6, management after cuttage, namely management of water of cutting slips, temperature control management, fertilization management, illumination condition management, air condition management, pest control management and overwintering cold-proof management;

S7, transplanting and managing nursery stocks, namely transplanting the nursery stocks in the early spring of the third year in a cuttage mode of taxus chinensis, wherein during seedling raising, the nursery stocks need to be strictly prevented from losing water, and need to be graded along with raising, particularly, the root systems are protected, the nursery stocks with soil lumps are raised, the soil lumps are strictly prevented from loosening and scattering, a shading shed needs to be built on a transplanting bed, and then field management is performed through watering, fertilizing, sterilizing, disease prevention, weeding and overwintering;

and S8, packaging, transporting and storing.

Preferably, the method for processing the cutting shoot comprises the following steps:

(1) sterilizing and antiseptic treatment

Soaking the cutting slips in 300 times of equivalent Bordeaux mixture for 10 minutes, and drying in the shade; immersing the cutting slips in 0.05-0.1% silver nitrate solution for 10 seconds, and drying in the shade; sterilizing the slotting machine by 0.1-0.3% potassium permanganate solution;

(2) growth regulator and vitamin treatment

Treating the cutting slips with growth regulator hormone, rooting agent and vitamin before cutting to promote rooting and improve the rooting rate and survival rate of the cutting slips, taking 15-20 cm cutting slips, soaking in liquid medicine of alpha-naphthylacetic acid or ABT-1 rooting powder with the concentration of 50-100ppm for 12-24 hours at the depth of 5cm, and cutting the treated cutting slips on a cutting bed at the plant row spacing of 5cm multiplied by 5cm at the cutting depth of 4 cm;

(3) nutrition treatment

The sugar and the auxin are used together, so that a good rooting effect can be achieved, and the mixed solution with the sucrose concentration of 2-10% and the auxin concentration of 5-10mg/L is used for soaking the base part of the cutting shoot for 12-24 hours.

Preferably, the vermiculite used as the matrix is a puffed calcined product formed by roasting, the volume of the puffed product is increased by 15-25 times, the bulk weight is light, the volume weight is 60-250kg/m3, the porosity is large, and the puffed product has good effects of heat preservation, heat insulation, ventilation, water permeation and fertilizer preservation.

Preferably, the perlite used as the matrix is also a puffed product prepared by high-temperature calcination, has the same effects as vermiculite, small heat conductivity coefficient, light weight, volume weight of 100kg/m3 and large porosity of 46-53 percent, and also has good effects of heat preservation, heat insulation, ventilation, water permeation and fertilizer retention.

Preferably, the peat is a product obtained by carbonizing a dry branch, a fallen leaf and a root system of the swamp plant after water soaking for many years, has carbonized crude fiber and a large amount of organic matters, is large in porosity, good in permeability and heat preservation effect, and is also a good cuttage substrate.

Preferably, the mixing processing method in S4 is:

A. the sand is matched and selected as the sand for cuttage, the granularity of the sand is usually 0.25-0.5mm, and the sand is fully mixed with 30% of humus soil and 15% -20% of organic fertilizer;

B. The humic soil is matched with the humic soil for cuttage, and the mixture contains 60% of humic soil and 40% of sand;

C. the peat mined from the marsh lands can absorb water 15-25 times heavier than the dry weight of the peat after being dried by the cooperation of the peat soil, and can slowly release the water after absorbing enough water, thereby bringing special effects to cuttage; rich humus is contained, and high rooting rate can be obtained by mixing the humus with sand in equal amount and then using the humus as a cutting medium;

D. the combination of other matrixes, namely vermiculite and perlite granular matrixes, can be independently used as cutting matrixes, but because of lack of nutrition, nutrient solution is required to be frequently added to be used as cutting soil, various matrixes with nutrient components, such as loam, humus soil and peat soil, are added, and the matrixes are mixed with the nutrient solution to be used as the cutting soil.

Preferably, the package in S8 is specifically: placing the seedling in a plastic film bag, applying wet wood chips on the root of the seedling for moisturizing, coating a gunny bag, a cloth bag or a carton, and storing or transporting the seedling at low temperature for 15-20 days to keep the vitality of the seedling.

Preferably, the transportation in S8 is specifically: the transportation of a large number of nursery stocks is carried out by a vehicle, the nursery stocks need to be transported at the temperature of 5-10 ℃, and a method of adding ice for cooling can be adopted.

Preferably, the storage in S8 is specifically: before warehousing, the nursery stock is dipped and dried in the shade by Bordeaux mixture with the ratio of 1:1: 300.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the method, the survival rate of the taxus chinensis cutting seedlings can be ensured through cutting collection, cutting and water management, temperature control management, fertilization management, illumination condition management, air condition management, pest control management and overwintering cold-proof management after cutting, the method is suitable for cultivating the timberland, is used for forest mixed forest construction, and can expand the population of taxus cuspidata.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

s1, cutting collection, wherein in the collection season before spring germination, thick branches or cutting piles growing from the middle and upper parts of the crown of the excellent mother tree for 1-2 years are selected as cuttings, and the cuttings are immediately placed into a barrel filled with a small amount of water after collection, so that the base of the cuttings is soaked in the water; the water absorption of the plant can supplement the water lost by transpiration, so as to prevent the plant from wilting, and prevent the plant from being damaged by heat in the transportation process;

the method for processing the cutting slips comprises the following steps:

(1) sterilizing and antiseptic treatment

(2) growth regulator and vitamin treatment

(3) nutrition treatment

The sugar and the auxin are used together, so that a good rooting effect can be achieved, and the mixed solution with the sucrose concentration of 2-10 percent and the auxin concentration of 5-10mg/L is used for immersing the base part of the cutting shoot for 12-24 hours

The vermiculite used as the matrix is a puffed and calcined product formed by roasting, the volume of the puffed product is increased by 15-25 times, the bulk weight is light, the volume weight is 60-250kg/m3, the porosity is large, and the puffed product has good effects of heat preservation, heat insulation, ventilation, water permeation and fertilizer preservation;

the perlite used as the substrate is also a puffed product prepared by high-temperature calcination, has the same effects as vermiculite, small heat conductivity coefficient, light weight, volume weight of 100kg/m3 and large porosity of 46-53 percent, and also has good effects of heat preservation, heat insulation, ventilation, water permeation and fertilizer preservation;

the peat is a product obtained by carbonizing dry branches, fallen leaves and root systems of swamp plants after water soaking for many years, has carbonized crude fiber and a large amount of organic matters, has large porosity and good permeability and heat preservation effect, and is also a good cuttage substrate;

the mixing processing method in the step S4 comprises the following steps:

C. the peat mined from the marsh lands can absorb water 15-25 times heavier than the dry weight of the peat after being dried by the cooperation of the peat soil, and can slowly release the water after absorbing enough water, thereby bringing special effects to cuttage; rich humus is contained, and high rooting rate can be obtained by taking the humus and sand which are mixed in equal amount as a cutting medium;

S5, cutting, namely removing needles of the cutting slips inserted into the soil, wherein the depth is 4cm, and then extruding the cutting soil at the base parts of the cutting slips by hands to ensure that the cutting soil is tightly connected with the cutting slips so as to prevent the cutting slips from being influenced by ventilation and rooting and survival;

n1, managing water, wherein the water is one of the important conditions for rooting of the cutting slips, and the factors influencing the water of the cutting slips have two aspects, namely the transpiration and water loss of the cutting slips and the insufficient water of the cutting soil. The method for overcoming the defects can be started from multiple aspects, and the moisture transpiration of the cutting slips is reduced by shading, sleeving, covering, spraying and the like on the branches and leaves on the overground part of the cutting slips; the underground part of the cutting shoot is kept to fully absorb water through cutting soil, watering and the like, so that the cutting shoot is drought-free and waterlogging-free, plant cells are in a continuous swelling and pressing state, and the cutting shoot is favorable for rooting. When the twig is inserted, a spraying device is needed to keep the saturation humidity.

N2, temperature control management, wherein the optimal rooting temperature of the taxus chinensis is 20-25 ℃, the ground temperature in early spring cuttage is low, the requirement of proper temperature can not be met generally at the beginning, and the heating is often needed to promote the roots; in summer, the temperature is higher, and the cutting temperature needs to reach a proper state through shading, cooling by water spraying and the like. The spraying can quickly obtain the cooling effect, the spraying can cool 5-7 ℃ in a plastic greenhouse, the scion is easy to root in the optimum temperature range, and the growth and development are good. The requirement of the taxus chinensis on the light-shading rate is generally 60 to 70 percent.

N3, fertilizing and managing, wherein the cutting shoot does not require the cutting soil to contain fertilizer before rooting, when the cutting shoot begins to root, the storage nutrition in the cutting shoot is exhausted, new roots must absorb mineral elements and water from the cutting soil to supply to overground plants for photosynthesis, so that the organic nutrition can be continuously supplemented, the cutting shoot is promoted to further root and grow new shoots, therefore, when the cutting shoot has rooted and enters the growth period, the cutting seedling must be topdressed, mainly adopts extra-root topdressing, the green branch cutting is provided with needle leaves, and the leaf surface compound fertilizer with the concentration of 0.1-0.3% can be sprayed every 5-7 days after cutting, thereby having certain effect on accelerating rooting.

N4, managing the illumination condition, providing the green branch cutting seedling with appropriate illumination, facilitating the leaf to make carbohydrate in time, greatly shortening the rooting time, improving the rooting rate, and making the seedling grow robustly.

N5, air condition management, and requires good air ventilation in the cutting process, so that the cutting propagation needs regular ventilation to promote indoor air exchange, and the temperature can be adjusted.

N6, pest control management, timely prevention and treatment according to the possible occurrence of pests, and is a necessary measure for the healthy growth of nursery stocks.

N7, management of overwintering and cold protection, cutting seedling in greenhouse, and protection of overwintering by heating, covering, etc

s8, packaging, transporting and storing;

the packaging in the S8 specifically comprises the following steps: placing the nursery stock in a plastic film bag, applying wet wood chips on the root of the nursery stock for moisturizing, coating a gunny bag, a cloth bag or a carton, and storing or transporting the nursery stock at low temperature for 15-20 days to keep the vitality of the nursery stock;

The transportation in the S8 step is specifically as follows: the transportation of a large number of seedlings by vehicles is carried out, the seedlings need to be transported at the temperature of 5-10 ℃, and a method of cooling by adding ice can be adopted;

the storage in the S8 specifically comprises the following steps: before warehousing, the nursery stock is dipped and dried in the shade by Bordeaux mixture with the ratio of 1:1: 300; the nursery stock is not transported outside temporarily, effective storage protection is required, the nursery stock is living, breathing and physiological metabolism activities are still carried out during storage, and if the nursery stock is infected with bacteria or the storage warehouse is not clean, diseases are easy to generate to kill the nursery stock, so the treatment is required before the nursery stock is put in storage.

Wherein, the technical standard of seeding and seedling raising

M1, seed collection and seed treatment, wherein the thousand seed weight of the taxus chinensis seeds is 45g, mature seeds can be collected in 9 months during seed propagation, aril is removed, the seeds are cleaned, soaked and mixed with wet river sand for storage, the mixture is subjected to warm-wet-cold-wet temperature change stratification treatment, and the mixture is put into a warm house for artificial germination acceleration and then sown.

M2, sowing and seedling management, wherein sowing is generally carried out in the last ten days of 4 months, the sowing quantity is 50g/M2, and about 18kg of seeds are used in each mu of seedbed. Leveling the bed surface during sowing, irrigating thoroughly, pressing the seeds after sowing on the bed surface by using a wood roller to ensure that the seeds are fully contacted with soil, and covering soil with the thickness of 1-1.5 cm. After seeding, a shading shed is built above the seedbed, and the light transmittance is 15-20%. Watering on duty to keep humidity, and weeding and thinning on time. The seedlings emerge 20-30 days after sowing, the Bordeaux mixture with the concentration of 1% is sprayed after the seedlings emerge completely, and the Bordeaux mixture is sprayed for 1 time every 7 days and 5-7 times in total to prevent seedling blight. The height of the seedling in the current year is 5-10cm, and the seedling needs to be kept in a bed for 2 years. The seedbed needs to be protected during overwintering, an arch frame can be placed above the seedbed before freezing, a plastic film is covered on the arch frame, then a straw curtain or other coverings are covered, and soil can be used for cold protection.

M3, transplanting seedlings in the third year, and transplanting seedlings from the last ten days of 4 months to the last 5 months. An open field seedling bed is adopted, the width is 1.1m, the height is 20-25cm, humus soil is used as a matrix, deep ploughing, raking and leveling are carried out, transplanting is carried out according to the density of 200 plants per square meter, watering is carried out thoroughly after planting, watering and moisture preservation are carried out, weeding, soil loosening and topdressing are carried out at proper time, thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer and ammonium sulfate can be applied, the seedlings are washed by clear water in time after spraying, so that the seedlings are prevented from being burned, potassium fertilizer is applied in 7 months, and the lignification degree of the seedlings is improved. And (3) cultivating in a transplanting seedbed for 3 years, wherein shading degree needs to be controlled, full-light management is adopted in the last year, seedling training is carried out, and grown seedlings are produced and can be used for mountain afforestation.

The Taxus chinensis seed has long propagation period, but the seedling has high growth advantage, and is suitable for cultivating timber forest, mixed forest in forest land and expanded Taxus chinensis population.

Wherein, the standard of afforestation technology is as follows:

l1, investigation and design of afforestation land, performing step-on survey and selection of the afforestation land before afforestation, zoning the afforestation shifts, investigating factors such as standing land, standing trees, vegetation, weather and the like, compiling an investigation design specification and an afforestation design summary table, proposing afforestation technical measures and operation cost approximate calculation, drawing an afforestation ground plan, establishing an afforestation technical file, selecting the afforestation land with deep soil layer, fertile soil, good drainage, neutral or slightly acidic soil and suitable forest land or sparse land with the canopy density of about 0.5.

L2, clearing and preparing land, firstly, clearing and cutting the selected forestation land to remove bush and weed, the band width is 4-8 m, the trees are longitudinally arranged along the slope, and precious young trees and plants with economic value are reserved in the band. The barren mountains and wastelands are cleaned by narrow belts, and the width of each cutting belt is 2 m.

Land preparation: hole-shaped land preparation is adopted, after turf is removed by a three-blade pickaxe, holes are dug according to the depth of 25 cm with the diameter of 50cm, hole surface soil is broken, and sundries are removed. Soil preparation time is carried out in autumn before afforestation. In the soil ridge thin zone, the soil is improved by carrying out the soil containment in the hole or applying organic fertilizer.

L3, planting seedlings and afforesting, namely afforesting by using taxus cuspidata, selecting high-quality strong seedlings growing for 4-5 years, wherein the seedling or cutting seedlings can be planted, and the plant-row spacing is 2x2m, 3x3m and 4x4 m. The seedling planting time is spring mainly, and the seedling planting and afforestation can be carried out when the soil thawing depth reaches more than 20 cm. The technical key field of seedling planting: placing the seedlings in a seedling tank, and filling the prepared seedling protecting agent in the seedling tank to a depth which is suitable for soaking the roots of the seedlings. Digging big pit, planting the center, without digging root and treading to form the planting seedling according to the twelve-character formula. In autumn, after seedling slurry stops flowing and before soil is frozen, watering and irrigating in time when the weather is dry to ensure survival and growth of seedlings.

L4, replanting, and performing replanting on dead seedlings in the second spring of forestation, or replanting with container seedlings in rainy season, wherein replanting is still performed in the third year.

L5, management of nurturing,

(L1) nursery of new forests: tending for 5 years and 7 times, carrying out according to 2, 1 and 1 times, and mainly using a pick sickle to carry out strengthening, ridging, hole expanding, weeding and cutting irrigation.

(L2) nursery of young forest: and (3) after 5 years of afforestation, entering a young forest period, performing light-transmitting tending, performing cutting irrigation and weeding for 1-2 times per year, and removing shrubs and weeds which influence the growth of young trees.

(L3) upper nurturing: forestation is carried out for about ten years under the canopy for the first upper-layer tending, upper-layer trees influencing the growth of the taxus chinensis are cut off, the tending strength is suitable for forestation, the forestation is carried out every other ten years, and finally the proportion of the associated tree seeds is kept between 30 and 40 percent. Harvesting operations are carried out strictly according to survey design and safety regulations.

L6, overwintering and cold-proof, afforesting 1-2 young trees of taxus cuspidata at all light, adopting technical measures of overwintering and cold-proof and preventing physiological drought, and adopting protective materials: grass, straw curtain, soil, snow. And (4) protecting in the middle and last ten days of eleven months, and removing before the spring sprout in the next year.

L7, prevention and cure of diseases, pests and rats, according to the principle of 'prevention is the main and positive elimination', the prediction and forecast are well done, the prevention and cure technical measures are made, and the prevention and cure are carried out in time. The rats are killed by afforestation in the half month to the next quarter month, and the dosage and the frequency of the administration are determined according to the density of the rats. The taxus cuspidata has strong resistance and less plant diseases and insect pests, but is harmful to mice, and is prevented in advance, attention is paid to monitoring, and targeted prevention and control technical measures are taken in time.

L8, forest protection fire prevention, a forest protection fire prevention check station and a nursing room are arranged in a forestation place, a specially-assigned person is arranged to nurse, monitoring is carried out in all weather, and the forest protection fire prevention work is well done.

L9, survival rate and preservation rate survey, wherein the survival rate of the current year is surveyed in the first autumn of afforestation, the preservation rate is surveyed in the third and fifth autumn of afforestation, and the survival rate and the preservation rate are respectively recorded into afforestation technical files.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding and afforesting Chinese yew is characterized by comprising the following steps:

and S8, packaging, transporting and storing.

2. The method for breeding and afforesting taxus chinensis according to claim 1, wherein the method for treating the cuttings is as follows:

(1) Sterilizing and antiseptic treatment

(2) growth regulator and vitamin treatment

(3) nutrition treatment

3. The method for breeding and forestation of taxus chinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vermiculite used as the matrix is a puffed calcined product formed by roasting, the volume of the puffed product is increased by 15-25 times, the bulkiness is light, the volume weight is 60-250kg/m3, the porosity is large, and the puffed product has good effects of heat preservation, heat insulation, ventilation, water permeation and fertilizer preservation.

4. The method for breeding and forestation of taxus chinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the perlite used as the substrate is a perlite product which is also a puffed product obtained by high-temperature calcination, has the same effects as vermiculite, is small in heat conductivity coefficient, light in weight, 100kg/m3 in volume weight, large in porosity, 46% -53%, and has good effects of heat preservation, heat insulation, ventilation, water permeation and fertilizer preservation.

5. The method for breeding and afforesting taxus chinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the peat is a product obtained by carbonizing a dry branch, a fallen leaf and a root system of a swamp plant after water soaking for many years, has carbonized crude fiber and a large amount of organic matters, is large in porosity, good in permeability and heat preservation effect, and is a good cuttage substrate.

6. The method for breeding and afforesting taxus chinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed treatment method in S4 is as follows:

D. The vermiculite and perlite particle substrates can be independently used as cutting substrates by matching with other substrates, but because of lack of nutrition, nutrient solution is frequently added to be used as cutting soil, various substrates with nutrient components such as loam, humus soil and peat soil are added, and the substrates are mixed with the substrates to be used as the cutting soil.

7. The method for breeding and forestation of taxus chinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the package in S8 specifically comprises: placing the seedling in a plastic film bag, applying wet wood chips on the root of the seedling for moisturizing, coating a gunny bag, a cloth bag or a carton, and storing or transporting the seedling at low temperature for 15-20 days to keep the vitality of the seedling.

8. The method for breeding and forestation of taxus chinensis according to claim 1, wherein the transportation in S8 is specifically as follows: the transportation of a large number of seedlings is carried out by an automobile, the seedlings need to be transported at the temperature of 5-10 ℃, and a method of cooling by adding ice can be adopted.

9. The method for breeding and afforesting taxus chinensis according to claim 1, wherein the storage in the S8 is specifically as follows: before warehousing, the nursery stock is dipped and dried in the shade by Bordeaux mixture with the ratio of 1:1: 300.