CN101969800B - 电加热烟雾产生系统和方法 - Google Patents

电加热烟雾产生系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN101969800B
CN101969800B CN2009801089486A CN200980108948A CN101969800B CN 101969800 B CN101969800 B CN 101969800B CN 2009801089486 A CN2009801089486 A CN 2009801089486A CN 200980108948 A CN200980108948 A CN 200980108948A CN 101969800 B CN101969800 B CN 101969800B
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J-P·科蒂
F·费尔南多
F·波拉特
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种接纳烟雾形成基体的电加热烟雾产生系统。所述系统包括用于加热基体以形成烟雾的至少一个加热元件(309)和用于向所述至少一个加热元件供电的电源(301)。所述电源包括电压源(303)、两个或更多个超级电容器(305、307)、以及在所述电压源与所述两个或更多个超级电容器之间的开关(51、52、53、54、55)。所述开关被布置成使得在充电模式期间，所述两个或更多个超级电容器至少部分地相互并联连接，以便由电压源进行充电，并且在加热模式期间，所述两个或更多个超级电容器被相互串联连接，以便通过所述至少一个加热元件进行放电。

Description

电加热烟雾产生系统和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于接纳烟雾形成基体(aerosol-forming substrate)的电加热烟雾产生系统，以及用于对烟雾形成基体进行电加热的方法。本发明具有作为电加热吸烟系统的特定应用。
背景技术
例如US-A-5060671、US-A-5388594、US-A-5505214、US-A-5591 368、WO-A-2004/043175、EP-A-0 358 002、EP-A-0 295 122、EP-A-1 618 803、EP-A-1 736 065和WO-A-2007/131449的许多现有技术文献公开了具有许多优点的电动操作吸烟系统。一个优点是它们显著减少侧流烟气，同时允许吸烟者选择性地中止和重新开始吸烟。
US-A-5 388 594描述了一种电吸烟系统。该吸烟系统包括香烟和可再用点火器。所述香烟适合于被插入到点火器的前端的孔口中以及从孔口中去除。所述点火器包括壳体，并具有前部和后部。在点火器的后部中设置有用于向加热元件供应能量以便加热香烟的电源。该电源的尺寸被确定为向加热香烟的加热元件提供足够的功率。该电源优选地是可替换且可再充电的，并且在一个优选实施例中，该电源是电池。所述前部优选地容纳与电源电连通的电路和加热元件。该吸烟系统以与传统香烟大致相同的方式使用。
WO-A-2004/043175也描述了一种电吸烟系统。在该文献中，电加热吸烟装置包括上加热器壳盖、前壳体和左右电池壳部分。加热器单元被设置在加热器壳盖的下面，其中加热器单元装配在隔离物的内部，所述隔离物将加热器单元相对于装置的前壳体定位。加热器壳盖的顶部处的开口允许将香烟插入到加热器单元的顶部开口中。当香烟已通过加热器壳盖开口被插入并进入加热器单元开口中时，其被定位于多个加热器片附近，所述加热器片围绕香烟圆周布置。当香烟被定位于开口中时通过加热器壳盖的狭槽提供环境空气进入装置的通路。印刷电路板被设置在隔离物与前壳体之间。加热器单元连接器被设置在内壳体部件内的加热器单元下面。这提供加热器片与诸如容纳在电池壳部分内的电池的电源之间的电连接。
US-A-5 060 671描述了一种具有由加热器和香味产生介质构成的一次性部分和由电源构成的可再用部分的香味产生装置。
诸如EP-A-0 295 122、EP-A-1 618 803、和EP-A-1 736 065的其它现有技术文献公开了一种使用液体作为烟雾形成基体的电吸烟系统。该液体可以被包含在盒体中，所述盒体可容纳在壳体中。提供了诸如电池的电源，其连接到加热器以在吸烟期间将液体基体加热，以形成提供给吸烟者的烟雾。
包括上述那些系统在内的现有技术的电加热烟雾产生系统通常向加热器提供高功率脉冲以提供高温并释放用于每次吸烟的挥发性化合物。
包括上述那些系统在内的现有技术的电加热烟雾产生系统确实具有许多优点，但在设计方面仍存在改进的空间。如果可以使该装置更小，以便尺寸更接近于传统香烟的尺寸且对于用户而言更方便，则将是有利的。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种改进的电加热烟雾产生系统。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种接纳烟雾形成基体的电加热烟雾产生系统，该系统包括：至少一个加热元件，其用于加热基体以形成烟雾；以及电源，其用于向所述至少一个加热元件供电，所述电源包括：电压源、两个或更多个超级电容器、以及在所述电压源与所述两个或更多个超级电容器之间的开关，所述开关被布置成使得在充电模式期间所述两个或更多个超级电容器至少部分地相互并联连接，以便由电压源进行充电，并且在加热模式期间，所述两个或更多个超级电容器相互串联连接，以便通过所述至少一个加热元件放电。
本发明通过使用进行充电、然后通过所述至少一个加热元件放电的超级电容器而使得电加热烟雾产生系统更小。因为由电压源提供的电压不必是加热元件两端所需的总电压，因此本发明是有利的。这是因为超级电容器并联地充电而串联地放电。另外，提高了整个系统的效率。
在一个实施例中，该系统还包括电压源与两个或更多个超级电容器之间的电压递升或递降电路。如果由电压源提供的电压与所述两个或更多个超级电容器两端的最大电压不匹配，则这是有用的。
在一个实施例中，所述系统包括：将由用户保持的部分、和外部充电部分，所述将由用户保持的部分包括至少一个加热元件、两个或更多个超级电容器和在加热模式期间连接所述两个或更多个超级电容器所需的至少一些开关，所述外部充电部分包括电压源和在充电模式期间连接所述两个或更多个超级电容器所需的至少一些开关。因为可以将只在充电期间需要而不在加热期间需要的任何电路移动到外部充电部分，因此该实施例是有利的。这允许进一步减小所述将由用户保持的部分的尺寸。
优选地，所述将由用户保持的部分和所述外部充电部分在充电模式期间被相互电连接，并在加热模式期间相互电分离。
所述烟雾形成基体优选地包括包含烟草的材料，其包括在加热时从基体释放的挥发性烟草香味化合物。另选地，所述烟雾形成基体可以包括非烟草材料，诸如在EP-A-1 750 788和EP-A-1 439 876的装置中使用的那些材料。
优选地，所述烟雾形成基体还包括烟雾形成剂(aerosol former)。适当的烟雾形成剂的示例是甘油和丙二醇。在EP-A-0 277 519和US-A-5 396 911中描述了可能适当的烟雾形成剂的附加示例。
所述烟雾形成基体可以是固体基体。所述固体基体可以包括例如以下各项中的一个或多个：粉末、颗粒、小球、碎片、绝缘套管、包含以下各项中的一个或多个的条或片：香草叶、烟叶、烟梗段、再生烟草、均质烟草、压制烟草和膨胀烟草。所述固体基体可以采用松散的形式，或者可以在适当的容器或盒体中提供。可选地，所述固体基体可以包含附加烟草或非烟草挥发性香味化合物，其将在基体加热时释放。
可选地，可以在热稳定载体上提供固体基体或在热稳定载体中嵌入固体基体。所述载体可以采取粉末、颗粒、小球、碎片、绝缘套管、条或片的形式。另选地，所述载体可以是具有沉积在其内表面上(诸如在US-A-5 505 214、US-A-5 591 368和US-A-5 388 594中公开的那些)、或者在其外表面上、或者在其内外表面两者上的固体基体的薄层的管状载体。此类管状载体可以由例如纸张、或类似纸张的材料、非编织碳纤维垫、低质量开孔金属筛、或穿孔金属箔或任何其它热稳定聚合基质形成。
所述固体基体可以以例如片材、泡沫、凝胶或浆料的形式沉积在载体的表面上。所述固体基体可以被沉积在载体的整个表面上，或者另选地，可以以图案方式沉积以便在使用期间提供不均匀的香味输送。
另选地，所述载体可以是已将烟草组分结合到其中的非编织织物或纤维束，诸如在EP-A-0 857 431中描述的那些。非编织织物或纤维束可以包括例如碳纤维、天然纤维素纤维、或纤维素衍生物纤维。
另选地，所述载体可以是所述电加热烟雾产生系统的加热元件的至少一部分。在这种情况下，所述加热元件通常是一次性的。例如，如US-A-5 060 671中所描述的，可以将所述固体基体作为薄层沉积在金属箔上或电阻性支撑体上。
作为选择，所述烟雾形成基体可以是液体基体。如果提供了液体基体，则所述电加热烟雾产生系统优选地包括用于保持液体的装置。例如，所述液体基体可以被保持在容器中，所述容器诸如在EP-A-0 893071中所描述的容器。另选地，或附加地，如WO-A-2007/024130、WO-A-2007/066374、EP-A-1 736 062、WO-A-2007/131449和WO-A-2007/131450中所描述的，可以将液体基体吸收到多孔载体材料中。所述多孔载体材料可以由任何适当的吸收剂塞或主体形成，例如，泡沫金属或塑料材料、聚丙烯、涤纶、尼龙纤维或陶瓷。可以在使用电加热烟雾产生系统之前将液体基体保持在多孔载体材料中，或者，另选地，可以在使用期间或紧挨在使用之前将液体基体材料释放到多孔载体材料中。例如，如WO-A-2007/077167中所描述的，可以在胶囊中提供液体基体。所述胶囊的壳优选地在加热时熔化并将液体基体释放到多孔载体材料中。所述胶囊可以可选地包含与液体组合的固体。
如果所述烟雾形成基体是液体基体，则所述电加热烟雾产生系统还可以包括用于一次加热少量液体的装置。如EP-A-0 893 071中所描述的，用于一次加热少量液体的装置可以包括例如与液体基体连通的液体通路。通常通过毛细管力迫使所述液体基体进入液体通路中。所述加热元件优选地被布置成使得在使用期间，只有液体通路内的少量液体基体而不是容器内的液体被加热且挥发。
另选地，或附加地，如果所述烟雾形成基体是液体基体，则所述电加热烟雾产生系统还可以包括与液体基体源接触且包括所述至少一个加热元件的喷雾器。除所述加热元件之外，所述喷雾器可以包括诸如压电元件的一个或多个电-机元件。附加地或另选地，所述喷雾器还可以包括使用静电、电磁或气动效应的元件。所述电加热烟雾产生系统还可以包括冷凝室。
另选地，所述烟雾形成基体可以是任何其它种类的基体，例如，气体基体、或各种类型的基体的任何组合。在操作期间，所述基体可以完全被包含在所述电加热烟雾产生系统内。在这种情况下，用户可以在所述电加热烟雾产生系统的管嘴上吸烟。另选地，在操作期间，所述基体可以被部分地包含在所述电加热烟雾产生系统内。在这种情况下，基体可以形成单独物件的一部分且用户可以直接在该单独物件上吸烟。
所述至少一个加热元件可以包括单个加热元件。另选地，所述至少一个加热元件可以包括多于一个的加热元件。所述加热元件可以被适当地布置，从而最有效地加热烟雾形成基体。
所述至少一个加热元件优选地包括电阻性材料。适当的电阻性材料包括但不限于：如掺杂陶瓷的半导体、“导电”陶瓷(诸如，例如二硅化钼)、碳、石墨、金属、金属合金和由陶瓷材料和金属材料制成的复合材料。此类复合材料可以包括掺杂或未掺杂陶瓷。适当的掺杂陶瓷的示例包括掺杂碳化硅。适当的金属的示例包括钛、锆、钽和来自铂族的金属。适当的金属合金的示例包括不锈钢、含镍、钴、铬、铝钛锆、铪、铌、钼、钽、钨、锡、镓、锰和铁的合金、和基于镍、铁、钴、不锈钢、Timetal
Figure BPA00001225850400061
和基于铁锰铝的合金的超合金。在复合材料中，根据能量传递的动力学和所需的外部物理化学性质，所述电阻性材料可以可选地被嵌入绝缘材料中、用绝缘材料密封或涂敷，或者反之亦然。在US-A-5 498 855、WO-A-03/095688和US-A-5 514 630中公开了适当的复合加热元件的示例。
另选地，所述至少一个加热元件可以包括红外加热元件、光子源(诸如在US-A-5 934 289中描述的那些)、或者感应加热元件(诸如在US-A-5 613 505中描述的那些)。
所述至少一个加热元件可以采取任何适当的形式。例如，所述至少一个加热元件可以采取加热片的形式，诸如在US-A-5 388 594、US-A-5 591 368和US-A-5 505 214中描述的那些。另选地，所述至少一个加热元件可以采取具有不同导电部分的壳体或基体的形式(如EP-A-1 128 741中所描述的)，或电阻性金属管的形式(如WO-A-2007/066374中所描述的)。在烟雾形成基体是在容器内提供的液体的情况下，所述容器可以结合一次性加热元件。另选地，如KR-A-100636287和JP-A-2006320286中所描述的，穿过烟雾形成基体的中心的一个或多个加热针或杆也可能是适当的。另选地，所述至少一个加热元件可以是盘形(末端)加热器或盘形加热器与加热针或杆的组合。其它选择包括加热导线或细丝，例如Ni-Cr、铂、钨或合金线(诸如EP-A-1 736 065中所描述的那些)、或者加热板。可选地，可以在刚性载体材料中或在刚性载体材料上沉积加热元件。
所述至少一个加热元件可以包括吸热器或储热器，其包括能够吸收并存储热量且随后随着时间的推移向烟雾形成基体释放热量的材料。在EP-A-0 857 431、US-A-2006/118128和WO-A-2008/015441中描述了适当的吸热器。所述吸热器可以由任何适当的材料形成，诸如由适当的金属或陶瓷材料形成。优选地，所述材料具有高热容量(显热储存材料)，或者是能够经由例如高温相变的可逆过程吸收并随后释放热量的材料。适当的显热储存材料包括硅胶、氧化铝、碳、玻璃垫、玻璃纤维、矿物质、诸如铝、银或铅的金属或合金、以及诸如纸张的纤维素材料。经由可逆相变释放热量的其它适当材料包括石蜡、醋酸钠、萘、蜡、聚环氧乙烷、金属、金属盐、低共溶盐的混合物或合金。
如EP-A-0 857 431中所描述的，所述吸热器或储热器可以被布置成使得其直接与所述烟雾形成基体接触且可以直接将所储存的热量传输到基体。另选地，如WO-A-2008/015441中所描述的，储存在吸热器或储热器中的热量可以借助于诸如金属管的导热体传输到所述烟雾形成基体。
所述至少一个加热元件可以借助于传导加热烟雾形成基体。加热元件可以至少部分地与基体、或上面沉积有基体的载体接触。另选地，可以借助于导热元件将来自加热元件的热量传导至基体。
另选地，所述至少一个加热元件可以将热量传送到在使用期间通过电加热烟雾产生系统吸入的环境空气中，其随后通过对流加热烟雾形成基体。如WO-A-2007/066374中所描述的，可以在环境空气通过烟雾形成基体之前将其加热。另选地，如WO-A-2007/078273中所描述的，如果烟雾形成基体是液体基体，则可以首先通过基体吸取环境空气并随后将其加热。
优选地，将所述电源的所述两个或更多个超级电容器布置成两组或更多组超级电容器，每组包括一个超级电容器或串联的两个或更多个超级电容器，其中，在充电模式期间，所述两组或更多组超级电容器被相互并联连接，并且在加热模式期间，所述两组或更多组超级电容器被相互串联连接。所述两个或更多个超级电容器可以包括两个、三个、四个、五个、六个或更多超级电容器、或任何其它适当数目的超级电容器。所述两组或更多组超级电容器可以包括两组、三组、四组、五组、六组或更多组、或任何其它适当数目的组。根据所需的电压，可以在每组中使用适当数目的超级电容器。
在一个实施例中，所述系统还包括用以检测指示用户吸烟的气流的传感器。优选地，所述传感器被连接到所述开关中的至少一个，所述开关在检测到吸烟时在充电模式与加热模式之间切换。
所述传感器可以是电-机装置。另选地，所述传感器可以是以下各项中的任何一个：机械装置、光学装置、光-机械装置和基于微机电系统(MEMS)的传感器。在该实施例中，优选地，所述传感器被连接到所述电源且所述系统被布置为在所述传感器感测到用户吸烟时将所述开关切换到加热模式。当检测到吸烟时，在加热元件处需要高能脉冲。所述超级电容器将在那时通过加热元件放电，从而产生所需的高电流脉冲。
在另选实施例中，所述系统还包括用于用户开始吸烟的可手动操作开关。
在一个实施例中，所述系统被设计为针对用户在加热模式期间吸烟多于一次，并且所述开关被布置为使得所述两个或更多超级电容器仅在每次吸烟期间部分地通过所述至少一个加热元件放电。
优选地，开关中的一个或多个是固态开关。优选地，所述一个或多个固态开关是MOSFET(金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管)开关。另选地，所述一个或多个固态开关可以是任何其它类型的FET(场效应晶体管)开关。特别有利的是与加热元件的电阻相比在闭合时具有非常低的电阻的那些开关。
优选地，所述系统还包括用于接纳所述烟雾形成基体且被设计为由用户握住的壳体。
在一个优选实施例中，所述电压源是DC电压源。在一个实施例中，所述电压源是锂离子电池。另选地，所述电压源可以是镍金属氢化物电池或镍镉电池。在一个优选实施例中，所述两个或更多个超级电容器是电化学双层超级电容器。在另一优选实施例中，所述两个或更多个超级电容器是包括纳米多孔材料的超级电容器。在另选实施例中，所述两个或更多个超级电容器可以包括电化学双层超级电容器与包括纳米多孔材料的超级电容器的组合。
可以将关于US-A-5 388 594的系统或WO-A-2004/043175的系统描述的特征结合到本发明的系统中。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供了一种对烟雾形成基体进行电加热的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：提供用于加热基体以形成烟雾的至少一个加热元件；提供用于向所述至少一个加热元件供电的电源，该电源包括电压源、两个或更多个超级电容器、以及在所述电压源与所述两个或更多个超级电容器之间的开关；在充电模式期间，切换所述开关从而将所述两个或更多个超级电容器至少部分地相互并联连接，以便由所述电压源进行充电；以及在加热模式期间，切换所述开关，从而将所述两个或更多个超级电容器相互串联连接，以便通过所述至少一个加热元件放电。
优选地，将所述两个或更多个超级电容器布置成两组或更多组超级电容器，每组包括一个超级电容器或串联的两个或更多个超级电容器，其中，在充电模式期间，所述两组或更多组超级电容器被相互并联连接，而在加热模式期间，所述两组或更多组超级电容器被相互串联连接。根据所需的电压，可以在每组中使用适当数目的超级电容器。
优选地，开关中的一个或多个是固态开关。优选地，每个固态开关是MOSFET(金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管)开关。
关于本发明的一方面描述的特征也可以适用于本发明的另一方面。
附图说明
将参照附图仅以示例的方式进一步描述本发明，在附图中：
图1示出用于电加热烟雾产生系统的电源的第一实施例；
图2示出用于电加热烟雾产生系统的电源的第二实施例；
图3示出用于电加热烟雾产生系统的电源的第三实施例；以及
图4示出用于电加热烟雾产生系统的电源的第四实施例。
具体实施方式
如前所述，已知电吸烟系统通常使用电池组作为电源。其对控制电子装置和用于加热基体的加热器两者供电。在WO-A-2004/043175中描述的电吸烟系统中，可以将三个锂离子(Li离子)电池(每个约3.7V)串联连接以提供11.1V电池电源。需要此高电压以便向加热器提供必要的功率，特别是用于每次吸烟所需的高功率脉冲。
虽然Li离子电池确实具有高能量密度，但其在高功率应用中不是特别高效，所述高功率应用诸如电加热烟雾产生系统，在该系统中，需要短突发形式的高电流耗散。三个电池的内阻引起显著电压降并具有高电流负荷。另外，由于三个电池被串联，所以需要一些附加的电路，以便保证电池不超过最大额定电压。另外，所需的三个Li离子电池意味着电加热烟雾产生系统可能比期望的更大。
如前所述，本发明提供用于电加热烟雾产生系统的新电源，其利用超级电容器。超级电容器也可以称为超电容器。
超级电容器是在小的体积中具有大容量的特殊类型的电容器。其与标准电容器相比具有异常高的能量密度。最常见的超级电容器类型是电化学双层超级电容器(称为“EDL超级电容器”)。作为那样地使用电介质的替代，EDL超级电容器包括两层的导电材料，其中，所述两层相接触。虽然每个层是导电的，但两个层之间的界面是绝缘的。此类EDL超级电容器通常每个电池提供大约2.5V。然而，EDL超级电容器确实往往具有相对高的内阻。另一方面，例如由Nanotecture有限公司制造的那些使用纳米多孔材料而不是传统绝缘隔离物的超级电容器(称为“纳米多孔超级电容器”)可以具有每个电池约1.4V的电压，但是具有小内阻的潜力。超级电容器具有与标准电容器相同的放电特性。然而，纳米多孔超级电容器趋向于在大部分放电阶段期间保持电压。
图1示出用于电加热烟雾产生系统的电源101的第一实施例。电源101包括提供3.7V的电压的单Li离子电池103和串联的形成堆叠的一组四个EDL超级电容器105(每个2.5V)。由于超级电容器105两端的电压(总共10V)高于电池103两端的电压，所以还需要电压递升电路107。图1还示出了电阻器109，但其实际上不是电源本身的一部分，其形成用于加热基体的加热元件。在本实施例中，在堆叠中使用每个2.5V的四个EDL超级电容器。然而，这些超级电容器可以被每个1.4V的七个或八个纳米多孔超级电容器取代。
在充电期间，开关S1闭合且对超级电容器105充电。在充电之后，S1可以开路。当需要高功率脉冲以进行吸烟时，闭合开关S2且开关S1保持开路。然后，超级电容器通过电阻器109放电，从而提供所需的通过电阻器109的高电流。如果需要一系列的高功率脉冲，则可以反复地闭合和开路开关S2，从而允许针对每个脉冲的部分放电。
在图1中，开关S1和S2处于吸烟检测和控制系统111的控制下。由电容器充电控制器113控制S1(用于对超级电容器充电)，而由能量递送协议部115来控制S2(用于通过电阻器使超级电容器放电)。开关S3是用来开始吸烟的开关。其可以是用于感测吸烟的传感器，或可手动操作的开关。
图1的配置的一个优点是仅需要单个Li离子电池103。这使得能够相当可观地减小电加热烟雾产生系统的尺寸。然而，在电压递升电路107中，需要大电感线圈来匹配在超级电容器的充电期间所需的高电流负荷。这是对由于仅存在一个Li离子电池而引起的尺寸的任何减小的补偿。另外，电压递升电路的效率不可能大于80％。
图2示出用于电加热烟雾产生系统的电源的第二实施例。电源201包括结合到将由用户保持的部分中的电路203、加上外部DC电压源205。电路203和电压源205经由连接器207和209连接。在本实施例中，电压源205提供5V的电压。该电路包括串联、形成堆叠的一组两个EDL超级电容器211(每个2.5V)(总共高达5V)、以及开关S1和S2。图2还示出电阻器213，但其实际上不是电源本身的一部分，其形成加热元件。正如在图1中那样，开关S1和S2处于吸烟检测和控制系统215的控制下。由电容器充电控制器217控制S1(用于对超级电容器充电)，而由能量递送协议部219控制S2(用于通过电阻器使超级电容器放电)。开关S3用来开始吸烟，并且其可以是传感器或可手动操作的开关。
在充电期间，连接器207和209电接触，开关S1闭合且超级电容器211被充电。当需要吸烟时，连接器207和209断开连接。当用户吸一次烟时，开关S2闭合且开关S1开路。然后，超级电容器通过加热元件放电。
在图2中，不需要电压递升电路107。这是因为超级电容器的电压与DC电压源205的电压匹配。图2的配置的一个优点是可以减小电加热烟雾产生系统的尺寸，这是因为即不需要多个电池也不需要电压递升电路。虽然图2示出了电路203和外部电压源205，但是可以将电压源结合到将由用户保持的部分中。
图3示出用于电加热烟雾产生系统的电源的第三实施例。电源301包括提供3.7V的电压的单个Li离子电池303的形式的DC电压源，和两个或更多个超级电容器，所述超级电容器被形成为串联、形成第一堆叠的第一组三个纳米多孔超级电容器305(总共达到4.2V)，和串联、形成第二堆叠的第二组三个纳米多孔超级电容器307(总共也达到4.2V)。所述电路还包括开关S1至S5。图3还示出电阻器309，但其实际上不是电源本身的一部分，其形成用于加热基体的加热元件。在本实施例中，在每个堆叠中使用每个1.4V的三个纳米多孔超级电容器。然而，它们可以用每个2.5V的两个EDL超级电容器取代。在图3中，开关S1至S5处于数字控制器311的控制下。开关S6是用来开始吸烟的开关，并且它可以是传感器或可手动操作的开关。
在充电期间，开关S4和S5开路而开关S1、S2和S3闭合。因此两个超级电容器堆叠305和307并联。在充电之后，S1和S2可以开路。当需要高功率脉冲以进行吸烟时，开关S3开路且开关S4和S5闭合，同时开关S1和S2保持开路。然后，超级电容器堆叠305和307串联，因此通过电阻器309串联地放电，从而通过电阻器309提供所需的高电流。如果需要一系列的高功率脉冲，则开关S5可以反复地闭合和开路，从而允许针对每个脉冲的部分放电。可以在各次吸烟之间对超级电容器进行再充电。另选地，所述超级电容器可以在每个脉冲期间仅部分地放电，以便可以在需要再充电之前进行多次吸烟。
由于堆叠305和307被并联地充电，所以每个堆叠只须被充电至与Li离子电池303相同的电压左右，即约3.7V。然而，当堆叠被串联连接以进行放电时，两个堆叠两端的电压是Li离子电池的电压的两倍，即约7.4V。因此，可以提供针对高功率脉冲所需的高电压，而不需要电压递升电路。如果需要，可以将每个堆叠充电至小于总电池电压，并且使用开关S1和S2停止在所需电压下的充电。当然，如果需要，还可以提供其它堆叠，或者如果合适的话，可以使用单独的超级电容器，而不是堆叠。
在图3所示的实施例中，所有开关S1至S5是MOSFET开关。这些类型的开关以及实际上其它固态开关是有利的，因为其在闭合时具有可忽略的电阻。
图4示出用于电加热烟雾产生系统的电源的第四实施例，其中，电源401包括结合到将由用户保持的部分中的电路403和外部充电器405。电路403包括连接到充电器405的连接器407、两个或更多超级电容器，所述超级电容器被形成为串联、形成第一堆叠的第一组三个纳米多孔超级电容器409(总共达到4.2V)，和串联、形成第二堆叠的第二组三个纳米多孔超级电容器411(总共也达到4.2V)。电路403还包括开关S4和S5，两者均由数字控制器413控制。开关S6是用来开始吸烟的开关，并且其可以是传感器或可手动操作的开关。图4还示出电阻器421，但其实际上不是电源本身的一部分，其形成用于加热基体的加热元件。充电器405包括连接到电路403的连接器415、充电控制器417、电压源419(在这种情况下，5V)和受充电控制器417控制的开关S1、S2和S3。充电器405还包括在充电器工作时接通的发光二极管D1。
在各次吸烟之间，可以对电加热烟雾产生系统充电。因此，可以将该系统连接到充电器，并且连接器407和415随后进行电接触。在那期间，开关S1、S2和S3闭合且对超级电容器409和411并联地充电。当需要吸烟时，使电加热烟雾产生系统脱离充电器，以便使连接器407和415断开连接。当用户通过该系统吸入空气时，或者在其它提示下，控制器413闭合开关S4和S5，从而允许超级电容器409和411通过加热元件421串联地放电。
因此，图4的配置利用图3的超级电容器配置，但允许通过将大部分所需电路移动到外部充电器中来甚至进一步减小系统的尺寸。
当然，本发明可以通过简单地改变以下各项中的一个或多个而用于不同的电压：所使用的超级电容器的总数、超级电容器的配置(单独地或以堆叠方式)；超级电容器的类型；和电源电压。另外，可以将开关S1和S2用于电压监视以保证充电电压不超过单独的超级电容器的最大额定值。S1和S2还可以用来将堆叠充电至低于电源电压的电压。
如前所述，本发明提供了一种用于电加热烟雾产生系统的有效电源。超级电容器与电池相比提供了许多优点，诸如其内阻低、其效率高、其输出功率高及其发热水平低和所得到的安全性。

Claims (12)

1.一种接纳烟雾形成基体的电加热烟雾产生系统，该系统包括：
至少一个加热元件，其用于加热所述基体以形成烟雾；以及
电源，其用于对所述至少一个加热元件供电，该电源包括：
电压源，
两个或更多个超级电容器，以及
在所述电压源与所述两个或更多个超级电容器之间的开关，所述开关被布置成使得在充电模式期间，所述两个或更多个超级电容器至少部分地被相互并联连接，以便由所述电压源进行充电，并且在加热模式期间，所述两个或更多个超级电容器被相互串联连接，以便通过所述至少一个加热元件进行放电。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，还包括在所述电压源与所述两个或更多个超级电容器之间的电压递升或递降电路。
3.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统，其中，所述系统包括：
将由用户保持的部分，以及
外部充电部分，
所述将由用户保持的部分包括所述至少一个加热元件、所述两个或更多个超级电容器和在加热模式期间连接所述两个或更多个超级电容器所需的至少一些所述开关，
所述外部充电部分包括所述电压源和在充电模式期间连接所述两个或更多个超级电容器所需的至少一些所述开关。
4.如权利要求3所述的系统，其中，所述将由用户保持的部分和所述外部充电部分在充电模式期间被相互电连接，并在加热模式期间相互电分离。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的系统，其中，所述烟雾形成基体是固体基体。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的系统，其中，所述烟雾形成基体是液体基体。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的系统，其中，所述两个或更多个超级电容器被布置成两组或更多组超级电容器，每组包括一个超级电容器或串联的两个或更多个超级电容器，并且其中，在充电模式期间，所述两组或更多组超级电容器被相互并联连接，而在加热模式期间，所述两组或更多组超级电容器被相互串联连接。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的系统，还包括用以检测指示用户吸烟的气流的传感器。
9.如权利要求8所述的系统，其中，所述传感器被连接到所述开关中的至少一个，用于在检测到吸烟时在充电模式与加热模式之间切换。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的系统，所述系统被设计为针对用户在加热模式期间吸烟多于一次，并且其中，所述开关被布置成使得所述两个或更多个超级电容器在每次吸烟期间通过所述至少一个加热元件仅部分地放电。
11.如权利要求1或2所述的系统，其中，所述开关中的一个或多个是固态开关。
12.一种电加热烟雾形成基体的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
提供用于加热基体以形成烟雾的至少一个加热元件；
提供用于向所述至少一个加热元件供电的电源，该电源包括电压源、两个或更多个超级电容器、以及在所述电压源与所述两个或更多个超级电容器之间的开关；
在充电模式期间，切换所述开关，从而所述两个或更多个超级电容器至少部分地相互并联连接以便通过所述电压源进行充电；以及
在加热模式期间，切换所述开关，从而所述两个或更多个超级电容器相互串联连接以便通过所述至少一个加热元件放电。
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TW200942185A (en) 2009-10-16
KR20100127776A (ko) 2010-12-06
JP2014198044A (ja) 2014-10-23
RU2010141985A (ru) 2012-04-20
EP2100525A1 (en) 2009-09-16
JP2011515080A (ja) 2011-05-19
MX2010009622A (es) 2010-09-30
US20240081422A1 (en) 2024-03-14
US20190380392A1 (en) 2019-12-19
US11224255B2 (en) 2022-01-18
US20160345634A1 (en) 2016-12-01
WO2009112182A8 (en) 2009-12-17
BRPI0908925A2 (pt) 2015-08-18
ES2395223T3 (es) 2013-02-11
US20090230117A1 (en) 2009-09-17
WO2009112182A1 (en) 2009-09-17
AR071747A1 (es) 2010-07-14
AU2009224980B2 (en) 2013-11-28
CN101969800A (zh) 2011-02-09
PT2265138E (pt) 2012-10-11

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