CN101960605A - 半导体基板、半导体装置、及半导体装置的制造方法 - Google Patents

半导体基板、半导体装置、及半导体装置的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN101960605A
CN101960605A CN2009801074122A CN200980107412A CN101960605A CN 101960605 A CN101960605 A CN 101960605A CN 2009801074122 A CN2009801074122 A CN 2009801074122A CN 200980107412 A CN200980107412 A CN 200980107412A CN 101960605 A CN101960605 A CN 101960605A
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semiconductor
layer
semiconductor layer
inp
oxidation
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竹中充
高木信一
秦雅彦
市川磨
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Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
University of Tokyo NUC
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University of Tokyo NUC
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Abstract

以实用且简单的手法,形成良好的3-5族化合物半导体与氧化层的界面。本发明公开了一种半导体基板,具有:晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP且不包含砷的3-5族化合物的第1半导体层;以及,邻接于所述第1半导体层而形成的且晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP的3-5族化合物的能够相对于所述笫1半导体层选择性的氧化的第2半导体层。另外,公开一种半导体装置,具有:晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP且不包含砷的3-5族化合物的第1半导体层;将邻接于所述第1半导体层而形成且晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP的3-5族化合物的第2半导体层的至少一部分相对于所述第1半导体层进行选择性的氧化而形成的氧化层;以及控制电极,对形成于所述第1半导体层的通道施加电场。

Description

半导体基板、半导体装置、及半导体装置的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体基板、半导体装置、及半导体装置的制造方法。本发明尤其涉及可以通过简单的工序形成MOS构造的可有效适用于化合物半导体装置的半导体基板、半导体装置、以及半导体装置的制造方法。
背景技术
从具有高电子迁移率的特性角度,以化合物半导体所制的MOSFET(金属氧半导体场效应晶体管)的实用化受到期望。例如,非专利文献1揭示有关InAIAs的氧化处理、以及将其应用于半导体装置制造用的半导体基板的技术。即,记载有假想InAlAs/InGaAs系的MOS型HEMT(高电子迁移率晶体管)中的栅极绝缘层,并氧化形成于半导体基板而具有作为通道层功能的InGaAs层上的n形InAlAs层而构成的半导体基板。
非专利文献1:N.C.Paul等著,Jpn.J.Appl.Phys…第44卷(2005年),No.3,第1174至1180页。
然而,化合物半导体例如具有3-5族化合物半导体的半导体基板中,难以形成良好的MOS界面(半导体层与氧化物层间的界面),而成为半导体装置的制造障碍。因此,期望能够以实用且简单的手法,形成3-5族化合物半导体与氧化层间的良好界面的半导体基板。
发明内容
为了解决上述课题,在本发明的第一方式中所提供的半导体基板,具有:晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP且不包含砷的3-5族化合物的第1半导体层;以及,邻接于所述第1半导体层而形成的、晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP的3-5族化合物半导体层的、且可选择性的相对于所述第1半导体层氧化的第2半导体层。上述第1半导体层可以是不含有铝的层。可以具有与所述第1半导体层相接而形成的、晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP的、且电子亲和力比InP更大的3-5族化合物半导体。上述第2半导体层,可以包含铝;具体而言,上述第2半导体层是InxAl1-xAs,x可以是0与1之间的值。
在本发明的第二方式中,提供的半导体装置具有:晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP且不包含砷的3-5族化合物的第1半导体层;氧化层,其是将邻接于所述第1半导体层而形成的且晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP的3-5族化合物的第2半导体层的至少一部分,相对于所述第1半导体层选择性的氧化而形成的;以及,在形成于所述第1半导体层的通道施加电场的控制电极。所述氧化层可以是形成在所述第1半导体层与所述控制电极之间的控制电极绝缘层,或是比所述第1半导体层更埋入基板侧而形成的埋入氧化层。在与所述氧化层同一层,残留有所述第2半导体层的非氧化部,半导体装置可以具有:欧姆层(ohmic layer),其形成在比所述第2半导体层的所述非氧化部更上层,且具有在形成有所述氧化层的部分有开口部;以及,一对输入输出电极,其形成于比所述欧姆层更上层,用于对所述通道供给流动的电流。所述控制电极可形成于所述开口部的内部的所述绝缘层之上。所述欧姆层可为晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP且不含铝的3-5族化合物半导体层,所述欧姆层可被掺杂为p型或n型。
在本发明的第三方式中所提供的半导体装置的制造方法,包括:基板准备步骤,该步骤中准备半导体基板,该半导体基板具有为晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP且不包含砷的3-5族化合物的第1半导体层、邻接于所述第1半导体层而形成的且晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP的3-5族化合物的第2半导体层;氧化步骤,将所述第2半导体层相对于所述第1半导体层选择性氧化而形成氧化层;以及控制电极形成步骤,在所述氧化步骤所形成的所述氧化层的上层形成控制电极。在所述基板准备步骤之后,可还具有形成将所述第2半导体层覆盖的欧姆层的步骤、以及在所述欧姆层上形成开口部,在所述开口部的底面露出所述第2半导体层的步骤,所述氧化步骤,可以是使露出于所述开口部的所述第2半导体层氧化而在所述开口部选择性地形成所述氧化层的步骤。所述氧化步骤,可以是以所述欧姆层作为掩模而使所述开口部中露出的所述第2半导体层曝露于氧化环境下,以此使所述氧化层自我匹配地形成在所述掩模上的步骤。所述欧姆层可为晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP、且不含铝的3-5族化合物的p型半导体层或n型半导体层,所述氧化步骤也可为通过湿化氧化法而形成所述氧化层的步骤。
本发明的第四方式中提供半导体基板,其具有:第1半导体层,由不包含砷的3-5族化合物所构成,作为晶体管的通道而发挥功能;以及第2半导体层,设置于所述第1半导体层之上,且在氧化环境中被氧化而成为绝缘体。所述第1半导体层及所述第2半导体可为晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP。所述第1半导体优选为在氧化环境中不被氧化的层。所述第2半导体可以是能通过将覆盖非氧化区域而露出氧化区域的掩模配置于所述第2半导体的表面来选择性地进行氧化的层。
附图说明
图1是表示本实施方式的半导体装置100的剖面例的图。
图2是表示半导体装置100的制造过程中的剖面例的图。
图3是表示半导体装置100的制造过程中的剖面例的图。
图4是表示半导体装置100的制造过程中的剖面例的图。
图5是表示半导体装置100的制造过程中的剖面例的图。
图6是表示实验样本的电流电压特性的图。
图7是表示已实施湿化氧化45分钟之后的样本的电容电压特性的图。
[附图标记]
100 半导体装置
102 基板
104 缓冲层
106 第1半导体层
108 第2半导体层
110 氧化层
112 控制电极
114 欧姆层
116 输入输出电极
118 开口区域
120 区域
具体实施方式
图1表示本实施方式的半导体装置100的剖面例。半导体装置100具备基板102、缓冲层104、第1半导体层106、第2半导体层108、氧化层110、控制电极112、欧姆层114、以及输入输出电极116。
基板102只要其表面可形成化合物半导体的结晶层,就可以选择任意的材质等。作为基板102,可以列举例如单晶硅晶圆、蓝宝石基板、单晶InP基板等。
缓冲层104可为与第1半导体层106晶格匹配或准晶格匹配的化合物半导体层,其形成于第1半导体层106与基板102之间。缓冲层104可以是以提升第1半导体层106的结晶性为目的,或者,以降低来自基板102的杂质影响为目的而形成的。缓冲层104,可例示有掺杂杂质或没有掺杂杂质的InP层、InGaAs层、或InAlAs层、或这些的层叠。此时,InP层、InGaAs层、或InAlAs层例如能够使用以有机金属气体作为原料气体的MOCVD法(有机金属气相成长法)形成。
第1半导体层106可以是晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP的不包含砷的3-5族化合物。另外,第1半导体层106也可以是不包含铝的物质。通过不包含铝,能够在氧化第2半导体层108形成氧化层110时,第1半导体层106不被氧化。另外,第1半导体层106可以是电子亲和力比InP更大的物质,通过增大电子亲和力,而可缩小形成于第1半导体层106与氧化层110间的界面的界面能级的深度。结果即可提高装置的性能。
第1半导体层106可具有作为电子装置的功能层来发挥功能,例如可为形成有MISFET通道的通道层。作为第1半导体层106,可例示InP层。第1半导体层106可掺杂杂质,也可没有掺杂杂质。第1半导体层106例如可以使用以有机金属气体作为原料气体的MOCVD法形成。
另外,可在缓冲层104与第1半导体层106之间,形成其他半导体层。其他半导体层可包含砷,作为含砷的其他半导体层,例如可例示InGaAs层。其他半导体层例如可为MISFET的通道层,或也可通过其他半导体层和第1半导体层106形成通道层。此时,通道可形成于其他半导体层与第1半导体层106间的界面,而远离形成于比第1半导体层106更上层的与氧化层110的界面。通过使通道远离与氧化层110间的界面,可避免存在于半导体-绝缘体界面的界面能级的影响,而可以提高装置性能。
第2半导体层108邻接于第1半导体层106而形成。第2半导体层108可为晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP的3-5族化合物的半导体层,第2半导体层108可为相对于第1半导体层106进行选择性氧化的层。第2半导体层108可包含铝,具体而言,可为InxAl1-xAs(0<x<1)。但希望是铝相比铟为50%以上。
氧化层110邻接于第1半导体层106而形成,是将第2半导体层108的至少一部份相对第1半导体层106选择性氧化后形成的。第2半导体层108的选择性氧化,可通过例如在第2半导体层108上,露出成为氧化层110的氧化区域,形成覆盖其他非氧化区域的掩模而实施。另外,氧化层110是将形成于第1半导体层106与控制电极112之间的控制电极予以绝缘的绝缘层,即,可以是MOSFET的栅极绝缘层。或着,可为比第1半导体层106更埋入基板102侧所形成的埋入氧化层。当以埋入氧化层的形式形成氧化层110时,可形成双栅极构造的MOSFET。
氧化层110的组成,由于是氧化第2半导体层108而形成的,所以其组成可根据第2半导体层108的组成而定,作为第2半导体层108的氧化方法,例如可例示湿化法。当通过500℃以上的处理条件下的湿化法进行氧化第2半导体层108来形成氧化层110时,可将界面能级的密度减少为1012左右。
控制电极112形成在氧化层110上,对在第1半导体层106形成的通道施加电场。控制电极112例如可作为MISFET的栅极电极而发挥功能。作为控制电极112,例如可例示任意的金属、多晶硅、金属硅化物等。控制电极112在形成有将第2半导体层108氧化而成的氧化层110的开口区域118形成。
欧姆层114欧姆接合输入输出电极116。欧姆层114形成于与氧化层110同一层的第2半导体层108所残存的非氧化部区域120的上层。欧姆层114在形成氧化物110的部分具有开口区域118。欧姆层114也可为晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP的、不包含铝的3-5族化合物半导体层。欧姆层114可掺杂成p型也可为n型。
输入输出电极116作为一对电极形成在位于比欧姆层114更上层。输入输出116对通道供给流动的电流。输入输出电极116例如作为MISFET的源极或漏极电极发挥功能。作为输入输出电极116,例如可例示镍、铂、金等、重度掺杂的多晶硅、金属硅化物等。
另外,在上述说明中,虽然对半导体装置100进行了说明,但也可将基板102、缓冲层104、第1半导体层106、以及第2半导体层108视为一个半导体基板。如上所述的半导体基板可任意氧化第2半导体层108而形成控制电极氧化层,得以迅速地制造MOSFET等装置。在半导体基板中,缓冲层104并非必须,第1半导体层106自身也可以是基板102。
另外,在上述说明中,作为半导体装置100,虽以MOSFET为例而进行了说明,但也可是其他的电子装置。例如半导体装置100也可是以控制电极112以及第1半导体层106挟持氧化第2半导体层108而形成的氧化层110的电容器。
在图2至图5表示半导体装置100的制造过程中的剖面例。如第2图所示,准备具有缓冲层104及第1半导体层106的基板102。缓冲层104及第1半导体层106例如通过使用MOCVD法的外延成长法形成。
如图3所示,在比第1半导体层106更上层形成第2半导体层108。第2半导体层108,例如可通过MOCVD法而形成。第2半导体层108也可被掺杂成p形或n形。
如第4图所示,在形成覆盖第2半导体层108的欧姆层114后,于欧姆层114形成开口部,在开口部的底面上露出第2半导体层108。如图5所示,以欧姆层114作为掩模,氧化在开口部露出的第2半导体层108。氧化是相对于第1半导体层106而选择性地在第2半导体层108上实施的。另外,氧化是在欧姆层114的开口部上,选择性地对第2半导体层108实施的。且通过第2半导体层108的氧化而形成氧化层110。
在第2半导体层108含有铝,但是在第1半导体层106及欧姆层114中不包含铝。因此,第1半导体层106及欧姆层114不会被氧化,氧化在第2半导体层108选择性地且对开口部自我匹配地实施。以此,可简单地形成氧化层110。此时的氧化处理可通过使露出于开口部的第2半导体层108曝露于氧化环境下来实施。
之后,通过导电膜的形成及图案化而形成控制电极112以及输入输出电极116。于是,可以制造出如图1所示的半导体装置100。
根据如上所述的半导体装置100,由于是选择性地氧化第2半导体层108而形成氧化层110,所以可简便地制造MOSFET。另外,由于氧化可以利用湿化法,故可降低界面能级,而可形成实用的化合物半导体MOSFET。
(实验例)
在未掺杂杂质的InP基板的(100)面上形成10nm的InAlAs之后,将InAlAs层选择性地氧化以形成绝缘膜。氧化使用在525℃的处理温度的湿化法。在绝缘膜上通过蒸镀法形成铝电极而作为实验样本。
图6是表示实验样本的电流电压特性。可以确认已实施湿化氧化45分钟后的样本有良好的绝缘性。而作为比较给出的实施了湿化氧化30分钟的样本,则可确认其绝缘性的降低。进一步作为比较例而示出的未实施湿化氧化的样本中,可确认绝缘性更低。
图7示出了实施45分钟湿化氧化后的样本的电容电压特性。可确认相对于电压变化,电容变化是在5kHz至1MHz的范围内。即,在绝缘层的下部的InP层形成有反转层,而可确认其作为MOS在工作。通过电导法评价界面能级的结果,可以测得1012左右的界面能级。

Claims (20)

1.一种半导体基板,具有:
晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP,且不包含砷的3-5族化合物的第1半导体层;以及
邻接于所述第1半导体层而形成的、晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP的3-5族化合物的、能够相对于所述第1半导体层选择性的氧化的第2半导体层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的半导体基板,其中,所述第1半导体层不含铝。
3.根据权利要求1所述的半导体基板,其具有:
邻接于所述第1半导体层而形成的、晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP且电子亲和力比InP更大的3-5族化合物的半导体。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的半导体基板,其中,所述第2半导体层包含铝。
5.根据权利要求4所述的半导体基板,其特征为,
所述第2半导体层为InxAl1-xAs,
且x为0与1之间的值。
6.一种半导体装置,具有:
晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP且不包含砷的3-5族化合物的第1半导体层;
将邻接于所述第1半导体层而形成的且晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP的3-5族化合物的第2半导体层的至少一部分相对于所述第1半导体层进行选择性的氧化而形成的氧化层;以及
控制电极,在形成于所述第1半导体层的通道施加电场。
7.根据权利要求6所述的半导体装置,其中,
所述氧化层是形成于所述第1半导体层与所述控制电极之间的控制电极绝缘层,或是比所述第1半导体层更埋入基板侧而形成的埋入氧化层。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的半导体装置,其在与所述氧化层同一层上,残留有所述第2半导体层的非氧化部分,具有:
欧姆层,形成在所述第2半导体层的所述非氧化部分的上层,其在形成有所述氧化层的部分具有开口部;以及
一对输入输出电极,形成在所述欧姆层的上层,且对所述通道供给流动的电流。
9.根据权利要求8所述的半导体装置,其中,所述控制电极形成在所述开口部的内部的所述氧化层之上。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的半导体装置,其中,所述欧姆层是晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP的、且不含铝的3-5族化合物的半导体层。
11.根据权利要求10所述的半导体装置,其中,所述欧姆层被掺杂成p型或n型。
12.一种半导体装置的制造方法,具有:
准备基板步骤,在该步骤中准备半导体基板,所述半导体基板具有:晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP且不包含砷的3-5族化合物的第1半导体层、及邻接于所述第1半导体层而形成的且晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP的3-5族化合物的第2半导体层;
氧化步骤,相对于所述第1半导体层对所述第2半导体层进行选择性的氧化而形成氧化层;以及
控制电极形成步骤,在所述氧化步骤所形成的所述氧化层的上层形成控制电极。
13.根据权利要求12所述的半导体装置的制造方法,其还具有:
在所述基板准备步骤之后,形成覆盖所述第2半导体层的欧姆层的步骤;以及
在所述欧姆层上形成开口部,在所述开口部的底面露出所述第2半导体层的步骤,
其中,所述氧化步骤是氧化在所述开口部露出的所述第2半导体层,且在所述开口部选择性地形成所述氧化层的步骤。
14.根据权利要求13所述的半导体装置的制造方法,其中,所述氧化步骤是以所述欧姆层作为掩模,将在所述开口部露出的所述第2半导体层曝露在氧化环境下,从而使所述氧化层自我匹配地形成于所述掩模上的步骤。
15.根据权利要求13所述的半导体装置的制造方法,其中,所述欧姆层是晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP的且不含铝的3-5族化合物的p型半导体层或n型半导体层。
16.根据权利要求12至15中任一项所述的半导体装置的制造方法,其中,所述氧化步骤是通过湿化氧化法形成所述氧化层的步骤。
17.一种半导体基板,具有:
第1半导体,其由不包含砷的3-5族化合物构成,作为晶体管的通道而发挥功能;以及
第2半导体,其设于所述第1半导体之上,且在氧化环境中被氧化而成为绝缘体。
18.根据权利要求17所述的半导体基板,其中,
所述第1半导体及所述第2半导体,晶格匹配或准晶格匹配于InP。
19.根据权利要求17或18所述的半导体基板,其中,所述第1半导体在氧化环境中不被氧化。
20.根据权利要求17至19任意一项所述的半导体基板,其中,所述第2半导体可通过将覆盖非氧化区域而露出氧化区域的掩模配置于所述第2半导体的表面,而得以选择性地进行氧化。
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CN103384917B (zh) * 2011-03-02 2016-03-09 住友化学株式会社 半导体基板及其制造方法
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