CN101907569A - 削弱光学传感器上环境光影响的系统和方法 - Google Patents
削弱光学传感器上环境光影响的系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供用于削弱环境光对光学传感器的影响,以及用于定量测量和补偿环境光的系统和方法。
Description
本申请是申请号为200480016745.1(国际申请号为PCT/US2004/011392)的中国专利申请的分案申请,该中国专利申请的申请日为2004年4月14日,发明名称为“削弱光学传感器上环境光影响的系统和方法”。
本申请要求享受2003年4月15日提交的第60/462,695号美国临时专利申请的权利。
发明背景
1、发明领域
本发明涉及光学传感器,更具体地说,涉及一种用来削弱光学传感器上环境光影响的系统和方法。
2、背景技术
光学传感器是可用来探测被分析物(如氧、葡萄糖或其它被分析物)的浓度的设备。美国专利第6,330,464号描述了一种光学传感器,在这里将其引入作为参考。
存在这样一些情形,即,在有大量环境光(如,阳光灿烂的户外)存在的环境中,需要使用光学传感器。在某些情形下,大量的环境光可能对光学传感器的精度产出负面影响。因此,需要能够削弱环境光对光学传感器功能的负面影响并且/或者能够定量地测量和补偿环境光的系统和方法。
发明内容
本发明提供了用来削弱光学传感器上环境光影响并且定量地测量和补偿该环境光的系统和方法。
一方面,本发明提供了一种光学传感器,该光学传感器具有能够削弱到达光学传感器的光电探测器的环境光量的特征。这些特征可被一起使用或单独使用。例如,在一些实施例中,本发明提供了一种光学传感器,其中用于连接该传感器的电元件的电路板由一种不透明材料(如不透明铁氧体)制成,这与通常的氧化铝陶瓷电路板形成对比。在某些实施例中,光学传感器的光电探测器被安装在电路板的底侧,并且在电路板内打孔,以便为指示分子发出的光线到达光电探测器提供路径。
在另一方面,本发明提供了使用和植入光学传感器的方法,这些方法可以一起使用或单独使用,并且能够减小光学传感器上环境光的影响。
例如,在一方面,本发明提供了一种方法,该方法包括以下步骤:照射指示分子,从而使指示分子发光;在指示分子被照射时的一个时刻,确定在到达光电探测器的光量,从而确定环境光和指示分子发出的光到达光电探测器的总量;停止照射指示分子;停止照射指示分子之后,确定到达光电探测器的光量,从而确定环境光到达光电探测器的光量;以及通过从第一次确定的光量中减去第二次确定的光量来确定从指示分子发出的光到达光电探测器的光量。
在另一方面,本发明提供了一种改良的传感器读出器和操作该传感器读出器的方法。例如,在一方面,本发明提供了一种由传感器读出器执行的方法,包括的步骤有:确定环境光的强度;确定环境光的强度是否大于一个预定的阈值强度;如果确定了环境光的强度大于该预定阈值强度,则向用户发出警告。
下面参照附图详细阐述本发明的以上和其它特征和优势以及本发明的优选实施例的结构和操作。
附图简述
并入在此并且成为说明书的一部分的附图和文字描述一起,用于帮助阐明本发明的各种实施例,并且进一步用于解释发明的原理以及使相关领域的技术人员能够实现和使用本发明。图中,相同的附图标记表示相同或功能上相似的元件。另外,附图标记最左端的数字表示该附图标记第一次出现时所在的图。
图1表示根据本发明一个实施例的光学传感器。
图2表示根据本发明另一个实施例的光学传感器。
图3表示根据本发明一个实施例的电路板的顶面。
图4表示根据本发明一个实施例的光电探测器的视场。
图5表示根据本发明一个实施例的已经植入到患者体内的传感器。
图6表示根据本发明一个实施例的带有悬臂支架的传感器。
图7表示根据本发明一个实施例的传感器读出器的功能框图。
图8是一个流程图,用于阐述根据本发明一个实施例的,可由传感器读出器完成的过程。
图9是一个流程图,用于阐述用来削弱环境光对由光学传感器提供的读出的影响的过程。
图10是一个流程图,用于阐述根据本发明一个实施例由传感器执行的过程。
优选实施例的具体描述
图1表示根据本发明的一个实施例的光学传感器(“传感器”)110,该光学传感器110基于荧光指示分子116的荧光性而工作。传感器110包括一个传感器外壳112(传感器外壳112可由适合的透光聚合物材料构成);一个基质层114,覆盖在传感器外壳112的外表面上,荧光指示分子116分布在整个层114中(层114可覆盖全部或部分外壳112的表面);一个辐射源118,如LED,其产生辐射,该辐射包括与指示分子116相互作用的整个波长范围上的辐射,也就是,在基于荧光性的传感器的情形下能使指示分子116发出荧光的波长;和一个光电探测器120(如光电二极管、光电晶体管、光敏电阻或其它光电探测器),在基于荧光性的传感器的情形下,该光电探测器对指示分子116发出的荧光敏感,从而响应于此光电探测器120产生一个可表示指示分子的荧光强度的信号。示出两个光电探测器120a和120b用来说明传感器110可具有不止一个光电探测器。
指示分子116可被覆盖在传感器主体的表面,或者它们可被包含在基质层114之中(如图1所示),它由根据该领域内众所周知的方法而预备的生物适合的聚合物基质组成,并被覆盖在传感器外壳112的表面上。适合的生物适合基质材料必须对被分析物具有浸透性,这种材料包括某些甲基丙烯酸盐(如HEMA)和水凝胶,它能很方便地被制成特别对被分析物具有选择性浸透特性——例如,它们用于实现分子重量截止(weight cut-off)功能。
传感器110可能是完全自治的。换句话说,传感器可以这样一种方式构成,即,没有电线穿入或穿出传感器外壳112来为传感器提供电源(如,用于驱动光源118)或从传感器发送信号。当然,传感器可包括一个完全嵌入或容纳在传感器外壳112内部的电源140,和一个也完全嵌入或容纳在传感器外壳112内部的发送器142。
电源140可以是一个电感器,正如美国专利第6,400,974号中所述的发送器142可以是天线。发送器142可被配置成以无线方式向外部读出器发送数据(见图7)。
可以使用的其它自治电源包括微电池;压电体(当接受机械能如超声波时产生电压);微型发电机;声学(如超声波)驱动发电机;以及可由光(红外线)充电的太阳能电池。
如图1所示,传感器112的许多电光元件被固定在电路板170上,这些电光元件包括处理器166,其可以包括用来控制光源118和发送器142以及其它元件的电子线路,。电路板170在这些元件之间提供通信路径。
图1还示出,优选地,将光学滤波器134,如高通或带通滤波器,设置在光电探测器120的光敏表面上。滤波器134阻止或者充分减少光源118产生的辐射照射照射到光电探测器120的光敏表面的量。同时,滤波器允许荧光指示分子116发射的荧光穿过以便撞击探测器120的光敏区域。这就极大地降低了光电探测器信号中归因于来自光源118的入射辐射的“噪声”。
然而,尽管滤波器134可极大地降低由来自光源118的辐射产生的“噪声”,滤波器134却不可能极大地削弱来自环境光源198的“噪声”,这特别是因为穿过皮肤的光线具有不能被滤波器过滤的波长。也就是说,滤波器134不可能极大地阻止环境光199打到光电探测器120的光敏表面上。因此,传感器110具有其它的特征来处理环境光。
例如,传感器110的衬底170用不传播杂散光的材料制成,或者被涂上阻止杂散光传播的保护层(finish)。于是,利用这样的衬底170可以减少到达光电探测器120的环境光的量。在某些实施例中,衬底170为铁氧体电路板170,但在另外的实施例中,衬底170可能是通常的电路板,涂有阻止传播光线的保护层。
另外,在传感器110中,光电探测器120可能被安装在电路板170的底侧。这可通过例如一种称作“倒装芯片”装配的技术来实现。这种将光电探测器120安装到电路板170底侧的技术,允许光电探测器120除了顶面之外的所有光敏表面很容易被一种阻光物质104所覆盖(如黑色的阻光环氧树脂)。然而,还可预见到将光电探测器120安装在电路板170的顶侧,如图2所示。与图1所示的实施例中的相同,在图2所示的实施例中,光电探测器除了顶面之外的所有表面都被阻光物质104所覆盖。
在将光电探测器120安装到电路板170的底面的实施例中,优选地,为每个光电探测器120制成一个穿过电路板170的孔。这一点在图3中的电路板170的顶视图中示出。如图3所示,光源118优选被安装到电路板170的顶面371上。图3还示出穿过电路板170制成的两个孔301a和301b,从而为来自指示分子的光到达光电探测器120提供了一个通道。电路板170中的孔可通过例如钻孔等方式来制成。优选地,每个光电探测器120被设置成使其正面正好在孔的下方并且将孔覆盖,如图1所示。
这一技术限制光进入到光电探测器120,除非从光电探测器正面并且穿过贯穿铁氧体的孔而进入。仍如图1所示,铁氧体中的每个孔可填充一种透光滤波器134,从而光只有穿过滤波器134才能到达光电探测器120。
如上面所述以及图1所示,光电探测器120的底面和所有侧面可用黑色的阻光环氧树脂104加以覆盖。另外,为了减少电路板170的顶面371上部分区域可能产生的不必要的反射,黑色的环氧树脂用作不在光学系统的远场图形之内的所有元件的罐形封装(potting)。此外,黑色的环氧树脂可用来环绕每个光电探测器120的滤波器134,从而阻止泄漏光通过滤波器134和电路板孔301之间因为机械公差产生的胶合连接部而传播。
如图1所示,NIR滤波器106a和106b可分别被放置在滤波器134a和134b的顶部。这样的结构将要求所有到达光电探测器120的光不仅要穿过滤波器134,还要通过NIR滤波器106。
如图1和2可见,任何到达光电探测器120的环境光,在光撞击到光电探测器120的顶面之前,必须先穿过包含指示分子的基质114和滤波器,从而干扰光学传感器。尽管基质114在特性表现上是清楚的,但是通过增加聚合反应的水含量,也可产生相位分离,这将得到高度多孔的基质材料114。小孔尺寸较大,以及基质114的折射率(与周围介质相对)不同,引起基质114内大量的光散射。这种散射有利于在环境光进入传感器外壳之前,帮助削弱任何从外部光源到达的环境光。因此,在本发明的某些实施例中,对制作基质114的过程加以改变以使基质114高度多孔。
例如,在某些实施例中,基质114的生产是通过(a)混合400ml的HEMA和600ml的蒸馏水(比例40∶60),(b)旋动混合,(c)加入50uL 10%的过硫酸铵(APS)(水溶液)和10uL 50%的TEMED(水溶液),以及(d)在室温下聚合30分钟至1小时。该过程将产生高度多孔的基质(或“白凝胶”基质)。也可使用更高或更低温度的聚合来形成白凝胶基质。一个例子为利用175uL蒸馏水+75uL的HEMA+8.44uL的VA-044(2,2′-偶氮[2-(2-咪唑-2-炔)丙烷]二氢氯化物)(也可利用其它自由基引发剂如AIBN(2,2′-偶氮二异丁腈)来形成30∶70的凝胶体。
传感器110的另一个特点为,外壳112的至少一部分可被掺杂有机或无机掺杂剂,这些掺杂剂可使外壳112的掺杂部分起到光学滤波器的作用。例如,可预见将外壳112的一部分涂上沙芬尼黑(savinlyblack),它是一种有机阻光材料。如果必要的话,对于环境光的特定传播矢量,有可能有选择地掺杂外壳112,从而使得只允许正好处于光电探测器120的视场之内的区域传播光。这种机制将使用通过预加工包装过程构成的“鞍形”移植结构。
通过使用非透明材料104和非光传播电路板170,光电探测器120的光学视场被控制并局限到安装在传感器外壳112表面上的指示器基质的区域。图1所示实施例的一个光电探测器120(a)的光学视场在图4中加以说明。
由于光不能由背面穿过电路,传感器110可被以外科手段安装在活体内,以便以最有利的布置确定光电探测器120的光学视场的方向,从而使得穿过皮肤的光最小化。例如,在某些实施例中,使内在传感器的光学视场朝向人体核心组织可能会更为有利。这一点在图5中示出。如图5所示,没有被非透明物质104(也就是表面590)所覆盖的光电探测器的一个表面面向内朝向人体核心组织501,且背离距其最近的皮肤520。由于在安装之后这个方向有可能在机体内不被保持(如,传感器可能会在通常的肢体运动中滚动),可以预见到在某些实施例中在传感器外壳212上加入抗滚动“悬臂支架”将会更为有利。图6为在传感器外壳212上加有悬臂支架610和611来防止滚动的传感器110的正视图。
本发明除了提供一种能够显著地削弱环境光对光学传感器110正常工作的影响的改良光学传感器设计之外,还提供了对接收由光学传感器110发出的输出数据的外部信号读出器的改进措施。如上所述,这种输出数据携带着与正在检测的被分析物的浓度有关的信息,并可以以无线方式从传感器110发送出去。
图7示出一个外部读出器701的例子。在图7所示的实施例中,光学传感器110被植入到患者的手腕附近,并且读出器701象手表一样被戴在患者的手臂上。也就是说,读出器701被连接到腕带790上。在某些实施例中,读出器701可能与通常的手表结合在一起。腕带790最好为不透明腕带。通过佩戴不透明腕带790,患者将减少环境光到达光学传感器的量。
如图7所示,读出器701包括接收器716、处理器710,和用户界面711。用户界面可包括显示器,例如液晶显示器(LCD)或其它类型的显示器。接收器716接收从传感器发送的数据。处理器710可处理接收到的数据以便产生代表由传感器所监控的被分析物的浓度的输出数据(如一个数值)。
例如,在某些实施例中,传感器110可向读出器701发送两组数据。第一组数据可对应于光源118打开时光电探测器120的输出,第二组数据可对应于光源118关闭时光电探测器120的输出。
处理器710处理这两组数据,以便产生可用来确定由传感器所监控的被分析物的浓度的输出数据。例如,第一组数据可被处理,以便产生与(1)指示分子发出的光到达光电探测器120的总量,和(2)环境光到达光电探测器120的光的总量之总和相对应的第一个结果。第二组数据可被处理,以便产生与环境光到达光电探测器120的光的总量相对应的第二个结果。然后处理器710可从第一个结果中减去第二个结果,由此得到一个与指示分子发出的到达光电探测器120的光的总量相对应的最终结果。处理器710可利用这个最终结果来计算被分析物的浓度,并使用户界面711显示一个表示该浓度的数值,以便患者可以读出该浓度。
有利的是读出器701可包含一个小型光电探测器714。通过在读出器701中包含光电探测器714,读出器可监控环境光的量。而且,可以处理器可被编程为,如果光电探测器714探测到的环境光的量超过一个预定阈值时,向患者输出警告。例如,如果可被输入到处理器710的光电探测器714的输出指示环境光的量相对较高时,处理器710可在用户界面711上显示告警消息来警告患者,传感器可能由于环境光的量太高而会不起作用。于是患者可采取适当的行动。例如,患者可转移到环境光较少的区域,或者遮蔽传感器,以便使较少的环境光到达传感器。
图8为流程图,其示出了可由处理器710完成的一个程序800。程序800可从步骤802开始,在此,处理器710接收到一个输入,该输入表示读出器701的一个用户已经请求从传感器得到一个读出,或者处理器710自动确定应该从传感器获得数据了。
步骤804中,处理器710从光电探测器714获得关于环境光强度的信息。步骤806中,处理器710根据步骤804中获得的信息,确定环境光的强度是否可能使传感器将不能正常运行。例如,处理器710可确定环境光的强度是否大于某个预定阈值。如果环境光的强度很可能会导致传感器不能正常运行,那么,处理器710前进到步骤890,否则,处理器710前进到步骤808。
步骤890中,处理器710向用户发出警告。例如,处理器710可在用户界面711上显示一个消息,或者告知用户环境光过强了。
步骤808中,处理器710激活传感器。例如,处理器710可以以无线方式向传感器提供电源,向传感器发送激活信号,或者相反激活传感器。
步骤810中,处理器710从传感器获得数据。例如,如上面所述,从传感器接收到的数据可包括与光源118打开时光电探测器120的输出对应的数据和与光源118关闭时光电探测器120的输出对应的数据。传感器110可以以无线方式将数据发送到接收器716,其随后将数据提供到处理器710。
步骤812中,处理器710处理接收到的数据以便产生结果,如果传感器运行正常(如环境光不是很强),该结果可被用来计算由传感器所监控的被分析物的浓度。例如,如上所述,处理器可从与光源118打开时光电探测器120的输出对应的数据中减去与光源118关闭时光电探测器120的输出对应的数据,来产生可被用来确定由传感器所监控的被分析物的浓度的一个结果。
步骤814中,处理器710形成关于由传感器所检测的被分析物的信息或消息以便显示给用户,其中,该信息或消息是基于步骤812中产生的结果。
本发明除了提供一种改良的光学传感器设计和改良的读出器之外,还提供了一种运行光学传感器的改良方法,该方法也可削弱环境光的负面效应。该方法可与传统的光学传感器或根据本发明的光学传感器一同使用。图9为流程图,其示出了用来削弱光学传感器所提供的读出上环境光的效应的一个程序900。
程序900可从步骤901开始,在此,做出对到达光电探测器的环境光的量的确定。例如,步骤901中,在指示分子不处于荧光状态时的一段时期获得一个或多个光电探测器产生的信号。步骤902中,对于到达光电探测器的环境光的量是否使得传感器很可能将无法提供正确的读出作出判断。如果到达光电探测器的环境光的量使得传感器很可能将无法提供正确的读出,那么程序行进到步骤990,否则程序行进到903。
步骤990中,表示环境光太强的信息被发送到传感器读出器。步骤990之后,程序可结束或者回到步骤902。
步骤903中,指示分子被照射,时间大约为x(如50或100毫秒)。例如,步骤903中,可将光源118激活100毫秒来照射指示分子。在一个实施例中,利用约为2毫安的驱动电流来激活光源。接着,在指示分子被照射的同时,光电探测器120产生的信号被读出(步骤904)。
然后(步骤908),从步骤904中获得的信号中减去步骤901中获得的信号,以便产生一个新信号,该新信号应当比步骤904中读出的信号更好地对应于被分析物的浓度,这是因为步骤904中读出的信号不仅包括由指示分子发出的光,还包括已经到达光电探测器的环境光。接着(步骤910),新信号被发送到外部读出器。步骤910之后,程序可跳回到步骤901。
程序900可由处理器266完成。也就是说,在某些实施例中,处理器266可具有软件、硬件或二者联合来实现程序900的一个或多个步骤。例如,处理器266可包括被设计用来执行程序900的一个或多个步骤的一个专用集成电路(ASIC)。
图10为流程图,其示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的另一个程序1000。程序1000可从步骤1002开始,在此,光源118被打开,时间大约为x(如50或100毫秒)。例如,步骤1002中,光源118可被激活100毫秒来照射指示分子。
步骤1004中,与光源118打开时光电探测器120a和120b产生的输出相对应的数据被发送到读出器701。步骤1006中,读出器701接收该数据。该数据可包括来自光电探测器120a读出的数据和来自作为参考光电探测器的光电探测器120b读出的数据。步骤1008中,读出器701处理接收到的数据以便产生第一数值。例如,该数值可通过用来自光电探测器120a读出的数据除以来自光电探测器120b读出的数据来产生。
接着,光源118被关闭(步骤1010)。步骤1012中,与光源118关闭时光电探测器120a和120b产生的输出相对应的数据被发送到读出器701。步骤1014中,读出器701接收该数据。该数据可包括来自光电探测器120a的读出和来自光电探测器120b的读出。
步骤1016中,读出器701处理接收到的数据以便产生第二数值。例如,第二数值可通过用来自光电探测器120a的读出除以来自光电探测器120b的读出来产生。步骤1018中,读出器701从第一数值中减去第二数值,得到可被用来确定由传感器所监控的被分析物的浓度的结果。步骤1020中,读出器701显示关于被分析物的浓度的信息(如,它显示一个表示被确定的浓度的数值)。
尽管上述过程被作为步骤序列加以阐述,本领域的技术人员应当理解,至少有一些步骤不必按照所述的顺序执行,而且,一些步骤可被省略,另外的步骤可被增加。
尽管上面描述了本发明的各种实施例/变化,应当理解,它们仅仅是以示例方式被提出的,而不是局限于此。因此,本发明的广度和范围不应局限于任何上述示例性的实施例,而是应当仅仅按照下列权利要求及其等同物加以限定。
Claims (73)
1.一种传感器,包括:
一个外壳;
一个电路板,容纳在所述外壳内部,该电路板上具有贯穿设置的孔,并且该孔限定了从该电路板顶面到该电路板底面的一个通道;
至少一个光电探测器被安装到所述电路板的底面,该至少一个光电探测器具有一个光敏表面,定位所述光敏表面以便穿过所述通道的光能够撞击到所述光敏表面。
2.如权利要求1所述的传感器,其中,所述电路板由不传播散射光的材料构成。
3.如权利要求1所述的传感器,其中所述电路板由铁氧体组成。
4.如权利要求1所述的传感器,还包括一个光学滤波器,其中,所述光学滤波器的至少一部分被设置在所述通道内。
5.如权利要求4所述的传感器,其中,所述光学滤波器为一个高通滤波器。
6.如权利要求4所述的传感器,还包括第二光学滤波器,其与所述第一光学滤波器串联设置。
7.如权利要求6所述的传感器,其中,所述第二光学滤波器为一个NIR滤波器。
8.如权利要求1所述的传感器,还包括一个光源,其安装到所述电路板的顶面。
9.如权利要求1所述的传感器,还包括阻光材料,其被设置用来防止光线撞击到所述至少一个光电探测器的一个或多个侧面。
10.如权利要求9所述的传感器,其中,所述阻光材料由黑色的环氧树脂组成。
11.如权利要求1所述的传感器,还包括多个指示分子,其安装在所述外壳的外表面。
12.如权利要求11所述的传感器,其中,所述指示分子被包含在一个聚合物基质层中,该聚合物基质层被设置在所述外壳的外表面。
13.如权利要求12所述的传感器,其中,所述聚合物基质层是高度多孔的。
14.如权利要求11所述的传感器,还包括一个容纳在所述述外壳内用来照射所述指示分子的光源。
15.如权利要求14所述的传感器,其中,所述光源被安装在所述电路板的顶面上。
16.如权利要求14所述的传感器,还包括:
用于当所述指示分子处于荧光状态时,从所述至少一个光电探测器捕获第一信号输出的装置,其中,所述第一信号为撞击所述至少一个光电探测器的光敏表面或表面的光的强度的函数;以及
用于当所述指示分子不被照射时,从所述至少一个光电探测器捕获第二信号输出的装置,其中,所述第二信号为撞击所述至少一个光电探测器的光敏表面或表面的光的强度的函数。
17.如权利要求16所述的传感器,还包括用于产生第三信号的装置,其中,所述第三信号为所述第一和第二信号的函数。
18.如权利要求17所述的传感器,其中,所述用于产生所述第三信号的装置包括从所述第一信号中减去所述第二信号的装置。
19.如权利要求16所述的传感器,还包括一个用于向传感器读出器发送所述第一和第二信号的发送器。
20.如权利要求16所述的传感器,还包括通过利用约为2毫安的电流驱动所述光源来激活所述光源的装置。
21.一种传感器,包括:
一个外壳;
一个铁氧体电路板,其被容纳在所述外壳内;
安装到所述电路板上的至少一个光电探测器;
一个光源,被容纳在所述外壳内;
一个发送器,被容纳在所述外壳内;以及
多个指示分子,被设置在所述外壳的外表面。
22.如权利要求21所述的传感器,其中,所述电路板有一个孔,该孔限定了从所述电路板的顶面到所述电路板的底面的一个通道。
23.如权利要求22所述的传感器,其中,所述至少一个光电探测器被安装到所述电路板的底面,所述至少一个光电探测器具有一个光敏表面,定位所述光敏表面以便使得穿过所述通道的光能够撞击到所述光敏表面。
24.如权利要求23所述的传感器,还包括一个光学滤波器,其中,所述光学滤波器的至少一部分被设置在所述通道内。
25.如权利要求24所述的传感器,其中,所述光学滤波器为一个高通滤波器。
26.如权利要求24所述的传感器,还包括第二光学滤波器,其与所述第一光学滤波器串联设置。
27.如权利要求26所述的传感器,其中,所述第二光学滤波器为一个NIR滤波器。
28.如权利要求23所述的传感器,其中,所述光源被安装到所述电路板的顶面上。
29.如权利要求21所述的传感器,还包括一个阻光材料,被设置用来防止光线撞击到所述至少一个光电探测器的一个或多个侧面。
30.如权利要求29所述的传感器,其中,所述阻光材料包括黑色的环氧树脂。
31.如权利要求21所述的传感器,其中,所述指示分子被包含在一个聚合物基质层中,该聚合物基质层被设置在所述外壳的外表面上。
32.如权利要求31所述的传感器,其中,所述聚合物基质层是高度多孔的。
33.如权利要求21所述的传感器,还包括:
用于当所述指示分子处于荧光状态时,从所述至少一个光电探测器捕获第一信号输出的装置,其中,所述第一信号为撞击所述至少一个光电探测器的光敏表面或表面的光的强度的函数;以及
用于当所述指示分子不被照射时,从所述至少一个光电探测器捕获第二信号输出的装置,其中,所述第二信号为撞击所述至少一个光电探测器的光敏表面或表面的光的强度的函数。
34.如权利要求33所述的传感器,还包括用于产生第三信号的装置,其中,所述第三信号为所述第一和第二信号的函数。
35.如权利要求34所述的传感器,其中,所述用于产生第三信号的装置包括从所述第一信号中减去所述第二信号的装置。
36.如权利要求33所述的传感器,还包括一个用于向传感器读出器发送所述第一和第二信号的发送器。
37.如权利要求33所述的传感器,还包括通过利用约为2毫安的电流驱动所述光源来激活所述光源的装置。
38.一种传感器,包括:
一个外壳;
至少一个光电探测器,被容纳在所述外壳内;
一个光源,被容纳在所述外壳内;
一个发送器,被容纳在所述外壳内;以及
多个指示分子,被包含在一个聚合物基质层中,该聚合物基质层被设置在所述外壳的外表面上,其中,该聚合物基质层是高度多孔的。
39.如权利要求38所述的传感器,还包括一个电路板,其被容纳在所述外壳内,其中,所述至少一个光电探测器被安装在所述电路板上。
40.如权利要求39所述的传感器,其中,所述电路板为一个铁氧体电路板。
41.如权利要求39所述的传感器,其中,所述电路板有一个孔,该孔限定了从所述电路板的顶面到所述电路板的底面的一个通道,并且所述光电探测器具有至少一个光敏表面,定位该光敏表明以便使得穿过所述通道的光能够撞击到所述光敏表面。
42.如权利要求41所述的传感器,还包括一个光学滤波器,其中,所述光学滤波器的至少一部分被设置在所述通道内。
43.如权利要求42所述的传感器,其中,所述光学滤波器为一个高通滤波器。
44.如权利要求42所述的传感器,还包括第二光学滤波器,其与所述第一光学滤波器串联设置。
45.如权利要求44所述的传感器,其中,所述第二光学滤波器为一个NIR滤波器。
46.如权利要求41所述的传感器,其中,所述光源被安装到所述电路板的顶面上,并且所述至少一个光电探测器被安装到所述电路板的底面上。
47.如权利要求38所述的传感器,还包括阻光材料,其被设置成用来防止光线撞击到所述至少一个光电探测器的一个或多个侧面。
48.如权利要求47所述的传感器,其中,所述阻光材料包括黑色的环氧树脂。
49.如权利要求38所述的传感器,还包括:
用于当所述指示分子处于荧光状态时,从所述至少一个光电探测器捕获第一信号输出的装置,其中,所述第一信号为撞击所述至少一个光电探测器的光敏表面或表面的光的强度的函数;以及
用于当所述指示分子不被照射时,从所述至少一个光电探测器捕获第二信号输出的装置,其中,所述第二信号为撞击所述至少一个光电探测器的光敏表面或表面的光的强度的函数。
50.如权利要求49所述的传感器,还包括用于产生第三信号的装置,其中,所述第三信号为所述第一和第二信号的函数。
51.如权利要求49所述的传感器,其中,所述用于产生第三信号的装置包括从所述第一信号中减去所述第二信号的装置。
52.如权利要求49所述的传感器,还包括一个用于向传感器读出器发送所述第一和第二信号的发送器。
53.如权利要求49所述的传感器,还包括通过利用约为2毫安的电流驱动所述光源来激活所述光源的装置。
54.一种传感器读出器,包括:
一个接收器,用来接收从传感器发送的无线信号;
一个用户界面,用来向所述传感器读出器的用户显示信息,其中,该信息与包含在所述无线信号中的信息有关;以及
一个光电探测器,用来探测环境光的强度。
55.如权利要求54所述的传感器读出器,还包括一个用来容纳接收器、用户界面和光电探测器的外壳。
56.如权利要求55所述的传感器读出器,还包括一个不透明腕带,其中,所述外壳被连接到所述不透明腕带。
57.如权利要求54所述的传感器读出器,还包括一个与所述接收器、所述光电探测器和所述用户界面通讯的处理器。
58.如权利要求57所述的传感器读出器,其中,所述处理器被编程为,从所述光电探测器接收与所述环境光的强度相对应的数据,并且还被编程为,如果与所述环境光的强度相对应的数据显示该强度大于一个预定阈值则向用户发出警告。
59.如权利要求57所述的传感器读出器,其中,所述处理器被编程为,(a)从所述光电探测器接收与所述环境光的强度相对应的数据;(b)从所述接收器接收所述传感器发送的数据;(c)根据从所述光电探测器接收的数据和从所述接收器接收的数据计算数值;以及(d)在所述用户界面上显示所述数值。
60.在一个传感器读出器中的方法,其中该传感器读出器具有一个光电探测器、一个用来从光学传感器接收信号的接收器,和一个用来从传感器读出器的用户接收输入并且为用户提供信息的用户界面,该方法包括:
确定环境光的强度;
确定环境光的强度是否大于一个预定的阈值强度;以及
如果确定环境光的强度大于所述预定的阈值强度,向用户发出警告。
61.如权利要求60所述的方法,还包括如果确定所述环境光的强度小于所述预定的阈值强度则激活所述传感器。
62.如权利要求61所述的方法,还包括接收所述光学传感器发送的信号,其中,所述信号包含与被分析物有关的信息。
63.如权利要求62所述的方法,还包括利用包含在所述信号中的信息和所述确定的环境光的强度来计算与被分析物有关的数值。
64.如权利要求62所述的方法,还包括通过所述用户界面向所述用户输出信息,其中,所述输出信息为包含在从所述光学传感器接收的信号中的所述信息的函数。
65.如权利要求62所述的方法,其中,所述信号是用无线方式发送的。
66.一种传感器读出器,包括:
一个光电探测器;
一个接收器,用来从所述光学传感器接收信号;
一个用户界面,用来从所述传感器读出器的用户接收输入并且为所述用户提供信息;
用于确定所述环境光的强度的装置;
用于确定所述环境光的强度是否大于一个预定阈值强度的装置;以及
如果所述确定的环境光的强度大于所述预定阈值强度,用于向所述用户发出警告的装置。
67.如权利要求66所述的传感器读出器,还包括响应于确定了所述环境光的强度小于所述预定阈值强度的确定装置而激活所述传感器的装置。
68.如权利要求67所述的传感器读出器,其中,在所述传感器被激活之后,所述接收器接收从所述光学传感器发送的信号,其中,所述信号包含与被分析物有关的信息。
69.如权利要求68所述的传感器读出器,还包括利用包含在所述信号中的信息和所述确定的环境光的强度来计算与被分析物有关的数值的装置。
70.如权利要求68所述的传感器读出器,还包括通过所述用户界面向所述用户输出信息的装置,其中,所述输出信息为包含在从所述光学传感器接收的所述信号中的所述信息的函数。
71.如权利要求68所述的传感器读出器,其中,所述信号是用无线方式发送的。
72.如权利要求66所述的传感器读出器,还包括一个外壳,用来容纳所述接收器、用户界面和光电探测器。
73.如权利要求72所述的传感器读出器,还包括一个不透明腕带,其中,所述外壳被连接到所述不透明腕带。
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105592794A (zh) * | 2012-02-10 | 2016-05-18 | 传感技术股份有限公司 | 数字asic传感器平台 |
CN109561860A (zh) * | 2016-08-12 | 2019-04-02 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | 传感器设备和方法、用于与传感器设备通信的设备和方法 |
CN112787095A (zh) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-05-11 | 深圳新源柔性科技有限公司 | 一种集成天线及其制造方法、一种集成电子器件 |
CN112787095B (zh) * | 2021-01-20 | 2024-03-01 | 深圳新源柔性科技有限公司 | 一种集成天线及其制造方法、一种集成电子器件 |
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