CN100383132C - 用作代谢调节剂的为丙二酸单酰辅酶a脱羧酶抑制剂的吡咯 - Google Patents
用作代谢调节剂的为丙二酸单酰辅酶a脱羧酶抑制剂的吡咯 Download PDFInfo
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- CN100383132C CN100383132C CNB028052161A CN02805216A CN100383132C CN 100383132 C CN100383132 C CN 100383132C CN B028052161 A CNB028052161 A CN B028052161A CN 02805216 A CN02805216 A CN 02805216A CN 100383132 C CN100383132 C CN 100383132C
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- sulfydryl
- phenyl
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Abstract
本发明涉及治疗某些代谢疾病的方法,涉及新化合物及其前药,和/或其可药用盐,含有用于治疗上述疾病的这些化合物的药物组合物。特别是,本发明涉及新化合物和组合物的用途,通过抑制丙二酸单酰辅酶A脱羧酶(MCD),用于治疗心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症、酸中毒和肥胖,这些化合物具有式(I)和(II)的结构,其中Y、C、R1、R2、R6和R7的定义见说明书。
Description
本申请要求2001年2月20日提交的临时申请号为60/270034的权利,本文中引用其整个公开内容作为参考。
发明领域
本发明涉及治疗某些代谢疾病的方法,涉及新化合物及其前药和/或其可药用盐,含有用于治疗上述疾病的这些化合物的药物组合物。特别是,本发明涉及新化合物和组合物通过抑制丙二酸单酰辅酶A脱羧酶(malonylCoA decarboxylase,MCD)用于预防、处理或治疗心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症和肥胖中的用途。
背景技术
在体内,丙二酸单酰辅酶A是由乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)产生的重要的代谢中间体。在肝脏、脂肪细胞及其他组织中,丙二酸单酰辅酶A为脂肪酸合酶(FAS)的底物。发现ACC和丙二酸单酰辅酶A存在于骨骼肌和心肌组织中,在那里脂肪酸合酶的浓度较低。丙二酸单酰辅酶A脱羧酶(MCD,EC 4.1.1.9)催化丙二酸单酰辅酶A向乙酰辅酶A的转化,从而调节丙二酸单酰辅酶A的浓度。已经公开了MCD在许多有机体中的活性,其中包括原核生物、鸟和哺乳动物。它可以从下列材料中纯化得到:三叶草根瘤菌(Rhizobium trifolii)(An等,J.Biochem.Mol.Biol.32:414-418(1999))、水鸟的尾脂腺(Buckner等,Arch.Biochem.Biophys 177:539(1976);Kim和Kolattukudy Arch.Biochem.Biophys 190:585(1978))、鼠肝脏线粒体(Kim和Kolattukudy,Arch.Biochem.Biophys.190:234(1978))、鼠乳腺(Kim和Kolattukudy,Biochim.Biophys,Acta 531:187(1978))、鼠胰腺的β-细胞(Voilley等,Biochem.J.340:213(1999))以及鹅(Anser anser)(Jang等,J.Biol.Chem.264:3500(1989))。鉴定出病人的MCD不足引起了与鹅和鼠MCD基因同源的人类基因的克隆(Gao等,J.Lipid.Res.40:178(1999);Sacksteder等,J.Biol.Chem.274:24461 (1999);FitzPatrick等,Am.J.Hum.Genet.65:318(1999))。使用Northern印迹分析法可以观察到个体的人MCD mRNA。检查在组织中的可检测到的量,发现mRNA表达的最高浓度在肌肉和心脏组织中,接着是在肝脏、肾和胰腺。
丙二酸单酰辅酶A为有效的肉碱棕榈酰转移酶-I(CPT-I)的内源抑制物,该酶为长链脂肪酸代谢必需的。CPT-I为脂肪酸氧化的限速酶并催化酰基肉碱的形成,该酰基肉碱通过酰基肉碱移位酶从细胞溶质穿过线粒体膜转移来。在线粒体内,通过辅助的酶CPT-II,长链脂肪酸转换回辅酶A形,并且在线粒体内,酰基辅酶A进入β-氧化途径,生成乙酰辅酶A。例如进餐后肝脏中的乙酰辅酶A大量出现,导致了丙二酸单酰辅酶A浓度的升高,从而抑制了CPT-I,因此阻止了脂肪代谢并且有利于脂肪合成。相反,丙二酸单酰辅酶A量低时,由于允许长链脂肪酸转移到线粒体中,所以有益于脂肪酸代谢。因此丙二酸单酰辅酶A为核心的代谢物,它在平衡脂肪酸合成和脂肪酸氧化中起着关键作用(Zammit,Biochem.J.343:5050-515(1999))。最近的研究表明MCD可以调节细胞质和线粒体中的丙二酸单酰辅酶A的浓度[Alam和Saggerson,Biochem J.334:233-241(1998);Dyck等,AmJ Physiology 275:H2122-2129(1998)]。
虽然辅酶A存在于肌肉和心脏组织中,但在这些组织中只发现了低浓度的FAS。人们普遍相信丙二酸单酰辅酶A和MCD在这些组织的作用为调节脂肪酸的代谢。获得这样的结论是因为丙二酸单酰辅酶A抑制肌肉(M)和肝脏(L)中CPT-I的同工型,其中CPT-I同工型由不同的基因编码(McGarry和Brown,Eur.J.Biochem.244:114(1997))。对丙二酸单酰辅酶A的抑制,肌肉同工型(IC50 0.03μM)比肝脏的同工型(IC50 2.5μM)更敏感。现有技术已经公开了在肝脏、心脏、骨骼肌和胰腺β-细胞中丙二酸单酰辅酶A调节CPT-I,另外也已经公开了丙二酸单酰辅酶A敏感的酰基辅酶A转移酶的活性存在于微粒体中,也许是系统的一部分,将酰基基团传送到内质网(Fraser等,FEBS Lett.446:69-74(1999)).
心血管疾病:健康人的心脏利用可用的代谢底物。当血糖浓度高时,葡萄糖的吸收和代谢作用提供了心脏主要的能量来源。禁食状态,通过脂肪组织提供脂质,在心脏中的脂肪酸吸收和代谢下调了葡萄糖代谢。通过调节脂肪酸和葡萄糖的血清浓度水平的中间代谢调节包括葡萄糖-脂肪酸循环(Randle等,Lancet,1:785-789(1963))。在局部缺血的状况下,有限的供氧减少了脂肪酸和葡萄糖的氧化,并降低了心脏组织中氧化磷酸化产生的ATP的量。当缺乏充分的氧时,为维持ATP水平,糖解增加,乳酸酯增长并且细胞内的的pH值降低。为了维持离子的体内平衡需要消耗能量,同时,由于ATP水平异常低和分裂细胞的渗透性,导致肌细胞死亡。另外在局部缺血期间,激活的AMPK磷酸化,从而使ACC灭活。整个的心脏的丙二酸单酰辅酶A浓度降低,因此CPT-I活性增加,同时有利于葡萄糖氧化过程中的脂肪酸氧化。在心脏组织中新陈代谢调节剂的有益作用为,与脂肪酸相比,每摩尔ATP氧化效率增加,更重要的是增加糖解和葡萄糖氧化的联系,导致在局部缺血组织中质子负载净降低。
许多临床和实验研究表明,在心脏中,向葡萄糖氧化的能量代谢转化作用是减少与心血管有关的症状的有效手段,例如但并不限于心肌缺血(Hearse的″Metabolic approaches to ischemic heart disease and itsmanagement″,Science Press)。几种临床上证明抗心绞痛的药物,包括冠心宁和乙胺碘呋酮,通过抑制CPT-I来抑制脂肪酸氧化(Kennedy等.,Biochem.Pharmacology,52:273(1996))。现在正处于临床试验第III阶段的抗心绞痛药ranolazine和三甲氧苄嗪(trimetazidine)表明可以抑制脂肪酸的β-氧化作用(McCormack等,Genet.Pharmac.30:639(1998),Pepine等,Am.J.Cardiology84:46(1999))。三甲氧苄嗪已经显示出特定地抑制长链3-酮基酰基辅酶A硫解酶,而该酶为脂肪酸氧化中的基本步骤(Kantor等,Circ.Res.86:580-588(2000))。二氯乙酸盐通过刺激丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物而增加了葡萄糖的氧化并且改善了冠状动脉疾病病人的心脏功能(Wargovich等,Am.J.Cardiol.61:65-70(1996))。通过由MCD抑制剂而提高丙二酸单酰辅酶A浓度来抑制CPT-I活性,带来了相对于其他已知的小分子CPT-I抑制剂用于心血管疾病的防治的不仅新而且安全的方法。
涉及甘油-脂质合成中的大多数步骤发生在肝脏内质网(ER)膜的胞质侧。在ER内部由二酰基甘油(DAG)和脂肪酰基辅酶A合成用于分泌的三酰基甘油(TAG),依赖于脂肪酰基辅酶A穿过内质网膜的运输。这种运输依赖于对丙二酸单酰辅酶A敏感的酰基辅酶A转移酶活性(Zammit,Biochem.J.343:505 (1999)Abo-Hashema,Biochem.38:15840(1999)和Abo-Hashema的J.Biol.Chem.274:35577(1999))。由MCD抑制剂实现的TAG生物合成的抑制可以改善血脂分布,因此降低了冠状动脉病人的危险度。
糖尿病:一般和糖尿病最相关的两个代谢并发症为:肝过量产生酮体(在NIDDM)和与葡萄糖浓度持续升高相关的器官中毒。抑制脂肪酸氧化可以调节血糖浓度和改善糖尿病II型的症状。CPT-I的丙二酸单酰辅酶A抑制为最重要的调节机制,通过这种机制,在血内胰岛素不足-血内胰高血糖素过多发病期间,它控制了脂肪酸氧化的速率。已经评估了几个不可逆的和可逆的CPT-I抑制剂控制血糖浓度的能力,它们全部都使血糖处于低的状态(Anderson,Current Pharmaceutical Design 4:1(1998))。肝脏特异性的、可逆的CPT-抑制剂,即SDZ-CPI-975在正常的18小时禁食的非人灵长类和大鼠试验中,显著降低了葡萄糖浓度,并且没有导致心脏肥大(Deems等,Am.J.Physiology 274:R524(1998))。在胰腺的β-细胞中,作为葡萄糖和脂肪酸相对利用率的传感器,丙二酸单酰辅酶A起着显著的作用,从而将葡萄糖代谢作用与细胞的能量状态和胰岛素分泌联系起来。已经有文献记载在β-细胞中,胰岛素促泌剂增加了丙二酸单酰辅酶A浓度(Prentki等,Diabetes 45:273(1996))。然而直接用CPT-I抑制剂治疗糖尿病会导致源于机理的肝和心肌的毒性。相对于CPT-I抑制剂,在治疗糖尿病方面,通过增加内源抑制物-丙二酸单酰辅酶A来抑制CPT-I的MCD抑制剂因此为安全的和优异的。
癌症:已经有人提出丙二酸单酰辅酶A为细胞毒性的潜在介质,该细胞毒性在人乳腺癌细胞和异种移植中由脂肪酸合成酶抑制诱导(Pizer等,Cancer Res.60:213(2000))。人们发现使用抗肿瘤抗生素浅蓝菌素(ceruleanin)或者合成的类似物C75来抑制脂肪酸合成酶,显著地增加了乳腺癌细胞中的丙二酸单酰辅酶A浓度。另一方面,只抑制乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)浓度的脂肪酸合成抑制剂TOFA(5-(十四烷氧基)-2-糠酸),没有显示任何抗癌的活性,同时丙二酸单酰辅酶A浓度降低到了对照的60%。人们普遍相信丙二酸单酰辅酶A浓度的增加会产生脂肪酸合酶抑制剂的抗癌活性。因此使用MCD抑制剂调节丙二酸单酰辅酶A浓度构成了治疗癌症的有意义的治疗手段。
肥胖:有人提出通过抑制神经肽Y通道,丙二酸单酰辅酶A在大脑的食欲信号方面起着关键的作用(Loftus等,Science 288:2379(2000))。用脂肪酸合酶(FAS)抑制剂浅蓝菌素或者C75系统地或者脑室内治疗小白鼠,结果抑制了进食,而且体重显著降低。人们发现C75抑制下丘脑前噬菌体(prophagic)信号神经肽Y的表达,以leptin独立的方式作用,象是由丙二酸单酰辅酶A介导。因此通过抑制MCD来控制丙二酸单酰CoA的浓度为防治肥胖提供了新方法。
对用于治疗心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症或者肥胖的MCD抑制剂进行设计在现有技术文献中还没有报道过。我们现在发现了新的含噻唑和噁唑的化合物系,它们为MCD的有效抑制剂。体外和体内试验的化合物都抑制丙二酸单酰辅酶A脱羧酶的活性,并且增加了体内丙二酸单酰辅酶A的浓度。另外,例如在分离的大鼠心脏的灌注试验中(McNeill,心血管功能的测量法,CRC出版社,1997),相对于对照,选择的化合物引起葡萄糖氧化的显著增加。本发明优选的化合物如表3项目16和表8项目7的化合物和已知的例如ranolazine或者三甲氧苄嗪的代谢调节剂相比,在代谢作用转化方面具有更深远的效果。本发明的化合物和含有这些化合物的药物组合物因此可以作为药物,特别是预防、处理和治疗各种心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症和肥胖。
另外,这些化合物可用于作为诊断与MCD不足或者功能异常(malfunction)有关的手段。
发明概述
本发明提供了式I和II表示的新化合物,含有它们的新药物组合物,用于预防、处理(management)和治疗代谢疾病和由MCD抑制调节的疾病的方法。本发明的化合物用于预防、处理和治疗涉及由丙二酸单酰辅酶A调控的葡萄糖/脂肪酸代谢的疾病。特别地,本发明的化合物和药物组合物表明可以预防、处理和治疗心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症和肥胖。除了本发明的新化合物和组合物,用于制备本发明化合物的中间体和方法也包括在本发明的范围之内。
本发明还包括检测与MCD不足或者功能异常相关的疾病的诊断方法。
本发明使用的化合物为以下结构:
其中Y、C、R1、R2、R6和R7的定义如下。本发明还包括相应的对映异构体、非对映异构物、前药和这些化合物的可药用盐。根据本发明下文中说明书的详述,本发明的其它方面会变得更清楚。因此,上面仅仅概括了本发明的某些方面,无论如何没有打算也不应该认为限制了本发明。
发明详述
下述的详细说明没有打算排除其他方面,或将本发明限制到公开的细节部分。只是选择了下述内容进行描述,为了更好地向本领域的其他技术人员说明本发明的细节。
本发明的化合物为下式化合物:
其中Y选自硫或者氧;环C为取代的含有1到3个杂原子的5-7元单环,其中的杂原子选自O、N或S,其中的取代基独立选自R1和R2;
R1和R2不同,每个独立地选自氢、卤素、羟基、硝基、氰基、C1-C12烷基、取代的C1-C12烷基、烷基氨基、烷硫基(alkylsulfanyl)、芳基、C1-C12烷氧基、取代的C1-C12烷氧基、-C(X)R3、-CR11(V)R12、-CH2CR11(V)R12、-S(O)nR3、-NR4P(O)(R5)2、-P(O)(R5)2或取代的或未取代的含零到三个杂原子的3-7元单环,其中这些杂原子选自O、N或者S,其中的取代基独立地选自R9,或者R1或者R2可以为下式基团:
其中环D为取代的或未取代的含零到三个杂原子的3-7元单环,其中这些杂原子选自O、N或者S,其中的取代基独立地选自R9;R3和R4一起形成取代的或未取代的含零到三个杂原子的3-7元单环,其中这些杂原子选自O、N或者S,其中的取代基独立地选自R9;或者R1和R2一起形成取代的或未取代的含零到三个杂原子的5-7元单环,其中这些杂原子选自O、N或者S,其中的取代基独立地选自R9;
R3选自氢、羟基、氨基、C1-C12烷基、取代的C1-C12烷基、烷基氨基、芳基、C1-C12烷氧基、取代的C1-C12烷氧基或含零到三个杂原子的3-7元单环,其中这些杂原子选自O、N或者S,其中的取代基独立地选自R9;
R4选自氢、C1-C12烷基、取代的C1-C12烷基、芳基或含零到三个杂原子的3-7元单环,其中这些杂原子选自O、N或者S,其中的取代基独立地选自R9;
R5选自氢、C1-C12烷基、取代的C1-C12烷基、烷基氨基、烷氧基、芳基或含零到三个杂原子的3-7元单环,其中这些杂原子选自O、N或者S,其中的取代基独立地选自R9;
R6在式II所示的5位或6位,选自-NR8P(O)(R5)2或下式基团:
其中环D为取代的含一到三个杂原子的5-7元单环,其中这些杂原子选自O、N或者S,其中的取代基独立地选自R9,环E为取代的含一到三个杂原子的5元芳香杂环或3、4、6或7元单杂环,其中这些杂原子选自O、N或S,其中的取代基独立地选自R9,Q选自-NR8-、-C(O)-或-O-;
R7选自氢、C1-C12烷基、C1-C12烷氧基、卤素、氰基、SO2R4、SO2NR4R4,或R7和R6一起形成含一到三个杂原子的稠和的取代的5-7元环,其中这些杂原子选自O、N或者S,其中的取代基独立地选自R9;
R8选自C2-C12取代的烷基、C3-C12支链烷基、C2-C6(亚烷基)R14、-CH(CF3)2、-CH((CF2)nCF3)n、-CH(CF3)R11、-CHR12(芳基)、-CHR11(杂芳基)、-CHR11(杂环基)、环烷基或含零到三个杂原子的3-7元单环,其中这些杂原子选自O、N或S,其中的取代基独立地选自R9;
R9选自氢、卤素、-CN、-C(O)CF3、-S(O)nCF3、-C(O)CH2F、-CH(OH)CF3、-N(CN)2、-C(CN)3、-CHR10R11、C1-C12烷基、取代的C1-C12烷基、-CF3、-(CF2)mCF3、-CH(CF3)2、-CF(CF3)2、-SO3H、烷基氨基、烷硫基、芳基、C1-C12烷氧基、取代的C1-C12烷氧基、-C(X)R10、-CR11(V)R12、-CH2CR11(V)R12、-S(O)nR12、-S(O)2NHMe(OH)、-S(O)2NH(2-噻唑基)、-(4-氧代-2-硫代噻唑烷-5-亚基)、四唑基、-CH2(1,1-二氧代-1λ*6*-硫代吗啉-4-基)、-S(O)2CH2NO2、-S(O)2CH2S(O)2R12、-P(O)(OR11)R12、-NR11P(O)OR12、-P(O)(NR11R12)、取代的或未取代的含1到3个杂原子的3-7元单环,其中这些杂原子选自O、N或者S;
R10选自羟基、氨基、NHCN、C1-C12烷基、取代的C1-C12烷基、环烷基、烷基氨基、C1-C12烷氧基、-CF3、杂环基、芳基;
R11选自氢、C1-C12烷基、取代的C1-C12烷基、杂环基或芳基;
R12选自C1-C12烷基、取代的C1-C12烷基、杂环基或芳基;
R13选自取代的C2-C12烷基、取代的C2-C12烯基、取代的C2-C12炔基、杂环基、烷基醚、烷基氨基、未取代或取代的杂芳基或对位被R9取代的苯基;
R14选自-COR3、R6;
A为单键、-NR5-或-CR4R5-;
B为单键、-NR4-、-CR4H-、-CR4(OH)-或-CR4R5-;
G为-CH(CH2)m-、>C=CH-、-N(CH2)m;
L为单键、-O-、-C(O)-、-NR5-、-CR4H-、-CR4(OH)-或-CR4R5-、-NHNR5-;
Q为单键、-NR5-、-C(O)-、-O-或-CR4R5-;
X为O,S,NR4,NOR4,NCN,NNO2,CR11NO2,CR11CN,C(CN)2,CR11R12或N-NR11R12;
V为-OH、-SH、-CN;
m为零、一、二或三;
n为一或二;
它的相应的对映异构体、非对映异构物或者互变异构体,
在药用载体中的其可药用盐或其前药。
如上所述,本发明的化合物可以为前药,下面是具体的实例:
结构III有一个二硫键,它在体内转化成有活性的形式,即结构I。结构IV是乙酯的形式,它可以在体内转化为相应的酸,即-CO2H的形式。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解到:下面的表示:
描述了Ri和Rj取代基可以在环的任何可能的位置存在,相互之间可以为位置任意,而且上面表示的Ri和Rj的相应位置只是表明它们可以连接到环上。这种方式适用在整个说明书中,如果没有进一步说明,表示基团可以在任何可能价位的地方连接。
此外,在这里涉及的命名法,通常使用IUPAC习惯命名化合物准确的名称,但是使用结构进行描述的化合物,不管IUPAC习惯或者是环上否存在杂原子,使用以下的环编号:
因此,如果化合物含有杂原子,例如在6元环部分中含有氮原子,则连接到那部分环上的基团按上述编号顺序表示。因此杂环的实例为:
应用上面描述的编号习惯,除非明确命名,一般参照结构II进行表示。
本发明有几个优选方案。一个优选方案为在结构I和II中Y为S。另一个优选方案为在结构式I中,环C为吡啶或嘧啶。另一个优选方案为在结构式I中的取代基R1和R2在5位或6位,结构如下:
在另一个优选方案中,取代基R2为氢或不存在,并且R1连接的6位上,结构式如下:
另一个优选方案为环C为吡啶,并且取代基R2为氢或不存在,R1连接的6位上,结构式如下:
其中R1为下式基团:
更优选的方案为R1是选自下式的基团:
仍然优选的方案是上述的官能团中,R5’为氢并且R5选自C3-C12支链烷基、C2-C8(亚烷基)R14、环烷基、-CH2(杂环基)、-CH2(芳基)、杂环基,R4为取代的C6-C12烷基、C2-C8(亚烷基)R14、取代的杂芳基、取代的杂环基或对位被R9取代的苯基。更优选R4为取代的5-6元杂环基、R9取代的杂芳基或对位被R9取代的苯基。
另一个优选的方案为在结构II中取代基R7为氢且R6在6位,其结构式如下:
较优选的方案为上述结构中的R6选自下式:
特别优选的方案为R8选自C3-C12支链烷基、C2-C8(亚烷基)R14、环烷基、-CH2(杂芳基)、-CH2(杂环基)、杂环基,R13为取代的C6-C12烷基、C2-C8(亚烷基)R14、杂环基、取代的杂芳基或对位被R9取代的苯基。更优选的是,在上述的官能团中R13为对位被R9取代的杂芳基或对位被R9取代的苯基。
还更优选的方案为在上述的分子式中R8为特别是异丙基和异丁基的C3-C7支链烷基,特别是环丙基、环丁基、环戊基和环己基的C3-C7环烷基,特别是四氢吡喃基、四氢呋喃基、哌啶基和吡啶烷基(pyrroliniyl)的5-6元杂环基,特别是甲基吡啶基、甲基噻唑基和甲基异噁唑基的-CH2(杂芳基),特别是甲基四氢吡喃基、甲基四氢呋喃基、甲基哌啶基和甲基吡啶烷基(pyrroliniyl)的-CH2(杂芳基);并且R13为C2-C8(亚烷基)R14,较优选-(CH2)2-8R14,未取代的杂芳基或被R9取代的杂芳基,特别是5-6元杂芳基,例如吡啶基和噁唑基(oxazolinyl)、噻吩基,特别优选R13为对位被R9取代的苯基。
高度优选的方案为,在上述的分子式中,R13为对位被R9取代的苯基,其中最优选的R9选自-CN、-C(O)CF3、-S(O)nCF3、-C(O)CH2F、-CH(OH)CF3、-N(CN)2、-C(CN)3、-CHR10R11、C1-C12烷基、取代的C1-C12烷基、CF3、-(CF2)mCF3、-CH(CF3)2、-CF(CF3)2、-SO3H、C2-C12烷氧基、取代的C2-C12烷氧基、-C(X)R10、-CR11(V)R12、-CH2CR11(V)R12、-S(O)nR12、-S(O)2NHMe(OH)、-S(O)2NH(2-噻唑基)、-(4氧代-2-硫代噻唑烷-5-亚基)、四唑基、-CH2(1,1-二氧代-1λ*6*-硫代吗啉-4-基)、-S(O)2CH2NO2、-S(O)2CH2S(O)2R12、-P(O)(OR11)R12、-NR11P(O)OR12、-P(O)NR11R12)或选自如下的环:
连接于1或2位 连接于2,4,或5位 连接于2,4,或5位 连接于2,4,或5位
连接于4或5位 连接于2或4位 连接于2或4位 连接于4或5位
特别高度优选的方案为在下式中:
其中R6选自
最优选的R8选自C3-C7支链烷基、C3-C7环烷基、5-6元杂环、-(CH2)4-8R14,并且最优选的R13选自被R9取代的5-6元杂芳基或被对位被R9取代的苯基,其中最优选的R9选自F、Cl、Br、I、OH、-CN、-N(CN)2、-C(CN)3、-CF3、-(CF2)mCF3、-CH(CF3)2、-CF(CF3)2、-SO3H、C2-C12烷硫基、C2-C12烷氧基、取代的C2-C12烷氧基、-C(X)R10、四唑基、3-羟基-异噁唑-4-基、3-羟基-异噁唑-5-基,并且最优选的R14选自-C(X)R10,X为O、NH2、NCN、NNO2,其中最优选的R10选自羟基、氨基、烷基氨基、CF3、NHCN和5-6元杂环。
组合物
本发明的组合物包括:
(a)安全且治疗有效量的MCD抑制化合物I或者II,它们的相应的对映异构体、非对映异构物或者互变异构体,或者其可药用盐者其前药;和
(b)可药用载体。
正如以上的讨论,有许多疾病能够由MCD相关的治疗介导。因此,本发明的化合物可以用于治疗涉及MCD活性的疾病。
因此,本发明的化合物可以配制成药物组合物,用于预防、处理和治疗这些疾病。使用标准的药物制剂技术,例如在Mack出版社(Easton,PA)出版的Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences中公开的技术。
本发明化合物的″安全和治疗有效量″为,当以本发明的方式应用时,在患者、组织或细胞,优选在动物体,更优选在哺乳动物体内的活性部位抑制MCD,但没有不当的不良副作用(例如毒性、刺激或者过敏反应),同时具有合理的利益/风险比率时化合物的量。具体的″安全和治疗有效量″显然会随着这样的因素而变化,例如要治疗的特殊疾病、病人的生理条件、治疗的持续时间、共用疗法(如果有的话)的性能、使用的具体的剂型、使用的载体、化合物的可溶性和期望的组合物的给药方案。
除主题化合物之外,本发明的组合物还含有可药用载体。在这里使用的术语″可药用载体″意思是,适于给哺乳动物给药的一种或多种相容的固体或者液体填料、稀释剂或者形成胶囊的物质。在这里使用的术语″相容的″意思指组合物的组分能够和主题化合物互相混合,相互间的存在使得在正常使用条件下实质上没有使组合物药效降低。当然可药用载体必须足够高纯度和足够低毒性,使得它们适于优选给药于被治疗的动物,更优选哺乳动物。
可以作为可药用载体或者组分的物质的例子为:糖例如乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖;淀粉例如玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉;纤维素和它的衍生物例如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素和甲基纤维素;粉末黄蓍胶;麦芽;明胶;滑石;固体润滑剂例如硬脂酸和硬脂酸镁;硫酸钙;植物油例如花生油、棉子油、芝麻油、橄榄油、玉米油和可可油;多元醇例如丙二醇、丙三醇、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇和聚乙二醇;藻酸;乳化剂例如TWEENS;润湿剂如十二烷基硫酸钠;着色剂;调味剂;制片试剂;稳定剂;抗氧化剂;防腐剂;无热原的水(pyrogen-free water)、等渗盐水和磷酸盐缓冲液。用于和主题化合物混合的可药用载体的选择,基本上由化合物给药的方式决定。
如果主题化合物用于注射,优选的可药用载体为无菌的生理盐水和与血液相容的悬浮剂,将它们的pH调到约7.4。特别是,用于全身给药的可药用载体包括糖、淀粉、纤维素和它的衍生物、麦芽、明胶、滑石、硫酸钙、植物油、合成油、多元醇、藻酸、磷酸盐缓冲液、乳化剂、等渗盐水和无热原的水。用于肠胃外给药的优选载体包括丙二醇、油酸乙酯、吡咯烷酮、乙醇和芝麻油。优选在用于肠胃外给药的组合物中可药用载体占组合物总重量的至少约90%。
本发明的组合物优选为单位剂型。在这里使用的″单位剂型″为含一定量化合物的本发明组合物,根据充分的医疗实践,适于以单个剂量向优选哺乳动物的动物给药。(然而单个或单位剂型的制备不表示该剂型是每天一次或者每个疗程一次给药。虽然不能排除特定的单次给药,但是打算将这样的剂型每天给药一次、两次、三次或更多,并且希望在一个疗程中应该给药不止一次。普通的技术人员可以认识到,制剂不能具体地试图用在整个疗程中,这样的决定权在于治疗领域的技术人员,而不在于制剂。)这些组合物优选含约5mg,较优选约10mg到约1000mg,更优选到约500mg,最优选到约300mg的精选化合物。
本发明的组合物可以为多种形式的任何一种形式,这些形式为适合(例如)于经口、经鼻、直肠、局部(包括透肤)、经眼睛、脑内(intracereberally)、静脉内、肌肉或者肠胃外给药。(普通技术人员可以理解到:经口和鼻的组合物包括吸入给药的组合物,它们可使用现有的方法得到。)根据特殊给药途径的要求,可以使用各种本领域众所周知的可药用载体。这些包括固体或者液态填料、稀释剂、水助溶剂、表面活性剂和形成胶囊的物质。可以包括任选的实质上不妨碍化合物抑制活性的药学活性材料。和化合物混合的载体的量足以提供用于化合物每单位剂型给药的实际量的材料。在下文的参考文献中描述了用于制备本发明使用的剂型的技术和化学组成,所有的文献在这里引用作为参考:Modern Pharmaceutics,9和10章(Banker &Rhodes,编辑,1979);Lieberman等的Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms:Tablets(1981);Ansel的Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms第二版(1976)。
能使用各种的口服剂型,包括如固体形式,如片剂、胶囊、颗粒剂和散装粉末。这些口服剂型包括安全和有效量的、通常至少约5%,优选从约25%到约50%的化合物。片剂可以为压制的、研制片剂、肠衣的、糖衣的、涂膜的或者多次压制的,其中含有适合的粘合剂、润滑剂、稀释剂、崩解剂、着色剂、调味剂、引流剂和熔化剂。液体口服剂型包括水溶液、乳剂、悬浮液、溶液和/或由不发泡的颗粒剂重新组成的悬浮液和由发泡的颗粒剂重新组成的发泡制剂,其中含有适合的溶剂、防腐剂、乳化剂、悬浮剂、稀释剂、甜味剂、熔化剂、着色剂和调味剂。
适于经口给药的单位剂型制剂的可药用载体为本领域技术人员熟知的。片剂一般包括传统的适合药用的助剂如惰性稀释剂,例如碳酸钙、碳酸钠、甘露糖醇、乳糖和纤维素;粘合剂例如淀粉、明胶和蔗糖;崩解剂例如淀粉藻酸和交联羧甲基纤维素(croscarmelose);润滑剂例如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸和滑石。助流剂例如二氧化硅可用于改善粉末混合物的流动性。着色剂,例如可以添加FD & C染料用于改善外观。甜味剂和调味剂例如甜味素、糖精、薄荷醇、薄菏油和果实香料为咀嚼片有用的助剂。胶囊一般包括一或多种上述的固体稀释剂。选择载体组分时的次要考虑,象味道、成本和构架稳定性,它们对于本发明的主题不重要,并且所属技术领域的技术人员易于实现。
经口(peroral)的组合物也包括液体溶液、乳剂、悬浮液等等。适于这些组合物制剂的可药用载体为本领域众所周知的。用于糖浆、酏剂、乳剂和悬浮液的典型的载体组分包括乙醇、甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、液体蔗糖、山梨糖醇和水。对于悬浮液、典型的悬浮剂包括甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、AVICEL RC-591、黄蓍胶和藻酸钠;典型的润湿剂包括卵磷脂和聚山梨酸酯80;和典型的防腐剂包括对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和苯甲酸钠。经口的液体组合物也可以含一或多种组分,例如上述的甜味剂、调味剂和着色剂。
也可以用常规的方法将这样的组合物包衣,一般用随pH或者时间变化的涂层,因此在胃肠道在需要局部施用的附近释放主题化合物,或者在不同的时间提高所需要的作用。这样的剂型一般包括,但是不局限于下列中的一种或多种:苯二甲酸醋酸纤维素、聚乙酸乙烯酯苯二甲酸酯、羟基丙基甲基纤维素苯二甲酸酯、乙基纤维素、Eudragit涂层、蜡和紫胶。
本发明的组合物可以任选包括其他的药物活性物。
用于将主题化合物传送到全身的其他的组合物包括经舌下的、口颊的和鼻的剂型。这样的组合物一般包括一种或多种可溶解的填料物质例如蔗糖、山梨糖醇和甘露糖醇;粘合剂,例如阿拉伯胶、微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素和羟基丙基甲基纤维素。也可以包括上面公开的助流剂、润滑剂、甜味剂、着色剂、抗氧化剂和调味剂。
本发明的组合物还可以给患者局部地给药,例如将组合物直接应用或涂布到表皮的或者上皮组织的患处,或者通过“贴片”经皮给药。这样的组合物包括例如洗液(lotion)、乳膏剂、溶液、凝胶剂和固体颗粒。这些局部的组合物优选包括安全和有效量的、通常至少约0.1%,优选约1%到约5%的化合物。局部给药的适合载体优选作为连续膜留在皮肤上,防止被汗或者水浸渍而掉下来。通常,载体为有机物并且能够在其中分散或者溶解化合物。载体可以包括可药用的润肤剂、乳化剂、增稠剂、溶剂等等。
给药的方法
本发明的化合物和组合物可以局部或者全身给药。全身用药包括将化合物引入身体组织的任何方法,例如关节内的、鞘内的、硬膜外的、肌内的、透过皮肤的、静脉内的、腹膜内的、皮下的、舌下的给药,吸入,直肠或者口服给药。本发明化合物优选口服。
化合物给药的具体剂量和治疗的持续时间由治疗的临床医生决定。一般,对于成人(约70公斤重),每天服用约5mg,较优选约10mg到约3000mg,较优选到约1000mg,更优选到约300mg的精选化合物。当然这些剂量范围只是举例,日常的给药计量可以根据上述的因素而调整。
综上所述,当然,本发明化合物可以单独或作为混合物给药,组合物可以酌情(indication)进一步包括附加的药物或者赋形剂。例如,在治疗心血管疾病时,可以明显地认为,本发明可以联合β-阻断剂、钙拮抗剂、ACE抑制剂、利尿剂、血管紧张素受体抑制剂或已知的心血管药物或者疗法。因此,在这些例子中,当和其他的活性成分混配时本发明的新化合物或组合物是有用的,并且可以混合成单个剂型或者组合物。
这些组合物还可以以脂质体传送系统的形式给药,例如小单层脂质体、大单层脂质体和多层气泡(vesicles)。脂质体可以由各种磷脂,例如胆固醇、硬酰基胺或者磷酰基胆碱(phosphatidylcholines)构成。
定义
在这里使用的“烷基”意思是只含碳和氢的直链烷烃、烯烃或者炔烃,例如甲基、乙基、丁基、戊基、庚基等等。烷基基团可以在一个或多个位置上是饱和或者不饱和的(即含-C=C或-C≡C-键)。 当优选特定的不饱和度时,上述的取代基指″烯基″或者“炔基”,表示取代基分别含-C=C或-C≡C-键。碳原子数目可以表示为“Ci-Cj烷基”,其中i和j分别指最小的和最大的碳原子数。一般烷基基团包括1到12个碳原子,优选1到10,更优选2到8个碳原子。
在这里使用的“取代烷基”意思为直链的、环状的或者支链的烃取代基,其中一个或多个氢原子被羧基、羟基、烷氧基、氰基、硝基、羰基、芳基、羧基烷基、巯基、氨基、酰胺基、脲基(ureido)、氨基甲酰基、磺酰胺基(sulfonamido)、氨基磺酰胺基(sulfamido)或者卤素取代。优选的取代烷基具有1到约5个碳原子的烷基间隔基(即烷基部分),可以是支链或直链的,可以包括环状的取代基在其部分或全部结构中。优选的“取代烷基”的例子包括4-羧基丁基、吡啶-2-基甲基和1,3-噻唑-2-基甲基、苯甲基、苯乙基和三氟甲基。术语 “取代烷基”可以结合其他文献中承认的术语一同使用。例如“取代烷氧基”意思为在现有技术中理解的烷氧基,其中取代基的烷基部分被取代。
在这里使用的“支链烷基”意思为“烷基”的子集,所以烃基取代基,但是有分支。优选的支链烷基具有3到约12个碳原子,可以在其内部包括环烷基。支链烷基的例子包括异丙基、异丁基、1,2-二甲基-丙基、环戊基甲基等等。术语“支链烷基”可以结合其他文献中承认的术语一同使用。例如“支链烷氧基”意思为在现有技术中理解的烷氧基,其中取代基的烷基部分为支链。
在这里使用的“环烷基”为环状的烃基取代基,并且可以取代或者未取代。当取代时,其中一个或多个氢原子被羧基、羟基、烷氧基、氰基、硝基、羰基、芳基、羧基烷基、巯基、氨基、酰胺基、脲基、氨基甲酰基、磺酰胺基、氨基磺酰胺基或者卤素取代。优选的环烷基含3到约7个碳原子。环烷基的例子包括环丙基、环戊基、4-氟-环己基、2,3-二羟基环戊基等等。
在这里使用的“亚烷基”为烷基二价基,即在两个不同的碳原子上有开放的价位,因此“(亚烷基)Ri”为烷基二价基一面与一个碳原子相连,另外取代基Ri和另一个碳原子相连,这两个碳原子间可能有一个或多个碳原子。亚烷基可以直链的、支链的或环状的,亚烷基的例子包括-CH2-、-CH2CH2-、-(CH2)4-、-(环己基)-等等。
在这里使用的“芳基″为取代或者未取代的芳族基团,即符合Hueckel 4n+2规则,基团为单环(例如苯基)或者多个稠环(例如萘基或者蒽基),并且可以含有零到4个杂原子。因此术语“杂芳基”明显在术语“芳基”考虑之列。优选的碳环的芳基为苯基。优选的单环杂环,即杂芳基为5或者6元环。优选的,当术语“芳基”代表芳族的杂环时,称之为“杂芳基”或者“杂芳族基”,并且含有一个或多个杂原子。优选的这样的杂原子的数目为一到3个氮原子,并优选当 “杂芳基”为五元杂环时,它具有选自O、N或者S的一或二个杂原子。因此,优选的杂环在芳环中含最多三个,优选二或者更少的杂原子。普通技术人员会意识到,杂芳基包括五和六员环。“杂芳基”的例子包括:噻噁基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基(pyridazyl)、呋喃基、噁唑基、咪唑基、噻唑基、噁二嗪基(oxadiazilyl)、三嗪基、三唑基、噻二唑及其他,这些是本领域普通技术人员公知的。在这些定义中,很清楚:取代的芳环在本发明的范围之内。当有取代时,基团称为“取代的芳基”。芳环上连接优选一到三,更优选一或二,最优选一个取代基。虽然可以用许多取代基,但是优选的取代基包括在芳香化合物中常见的那些,例如烷基、羟基、烷氧基、氰基、硝基、卤素、卤代烷基、巯基等等。使用已知的方法制备这样的取代基。这些取代基可以连接在芳环的许多位置,其中优选给定的位置,这样的位置表示为“邻、间、对-Ri-芳基”。因此,如果取代基Ri连接在芳基的对位,就表示为“对位被Ri取代的芳基”。
在这里使用的“酰胺”包括RNR′CO-(在R=烷基时为烷基氨基羰基-)和RCON R′-(在R=烷基时为烷基羰基氨基-)。
在这里使用的“酯”包括ROCO-(在R=烷基时为烷氧基羰基-)和RCOO-(在R=烷基时为烷基羰基氧基-)。
在这里使用的“卤素”为氯、溴、氟或者碘原子。优选的卤素为氯、溴和氟。术语“卤素”有时也考虑称之为“卤代”或“卤化物”。
在这里使用的“烷基氨基”为其中至少一个氮上的氢原子被烷基取代的胺基团。优选的例子包括乙氨基、丁氨基、异丙氨基等等。烷基部分可以是直链的、支链的、环状的、取代的、饱和或者不饱和的。
在这里使用的“烷硫基”为其中硫上的氢原子被烷基取代的硫醇(thiol)基团。优选的例子包括乙硫基、丁硫基、异丙硫基等等。烷基部分可以是直链的、支链的、环状的、取代的、饱和或者不饱和的。
在这里使用的“烷氧基”为其中氧上的氢原子被烷基取代的羟基基团。优选的例子包括乙氧基、丁氧基、苄氧基等等。烷基部分可以是直链的、支链的、环状的、取代的、饱和或者不饱和的。
在这里使用的“杂环”意思为环状系统,优选3-7元,可以是饱和或者不饱和的和非芳族的。它们可以为取代或者未取代的,通过任何可用的优选任何可用的碳或者氮的化合价连接到的分子的其他部分上。更优选的杂环为5或者6元。在六元单环杂环中,杂原子的数目为1到3个O、S或者N,当“杂环”为五元时,优选具有选自O、N、或者S的1或2个杂原子。
在这里使用的“杂环基”意思为杂环基团。它们可以为取代或者未取代的,通过任何可用的优选任何可用的碳或者氮的化合价连接到的分子其他部分上。
在这里使用的“氨基磺酰胺基”意思为烷基-N-S(O)2N-、芳基-NS(O)2N-或杂环基-NS(O)2N-基团,其中烷基、芳基或者杂环基的定义如上。
在这里使用的“磺酰胺基”意思为烷基-S(O)2N、芳基-S(O)2N-或杂环基-N(O)2N-基团,其中烷基、芳基或者杂环基的定义如上。
在这里使用的“脲基”意思为烷基-NCON-、芳基-NCON-或杂环基-NCON-,其中烷基、芳基或者杂环基的定义如上。
在本说明书中,被称为是基团的取代基可以和这里描述的其他基团成环。当这些基团连接在一起时,普通的技术人员会明白,在这种情况下将满足价态的要求,除非有特定的取代,例如键取代氢。因此某些基团可以共同成环。普通的技术人员可以意识到,通过常规的化学反应能够且容易形成这样的环,这样的环和它们的制备方法都在普通技术人员可以理解和实施的范围之内。 优选的环为3-7元,更优选5或者6元。在这里描述的化合物可以具有环状结构,例如环R1和R2。在这方面,普通的技术人员可以意识到,虽然可能没有严格描绘出化学的合成路线,但是说明书中的方法为药物化学的常规方法。在这里使用的术语“环”或者“环类”,是由两个基团连接形成时,称之为杂环或者碳环基团,这样的基团可能是饱和的、不饱和的或者芳族的。例如优选的杂环系统包括例如吗啉基、哌啶基、咪唑基、吡咯烷基和吡啶基的杂环。
普通技术人员会意识到,下式基团:
代表许多不同的官能团。这个结构代表的优选的官能团包括酰胺、脲、硫脲、氨基甲酸脂、酯、硫酯、脒、酮、肟、硝基烯烃、羟基胍和胍。更优选的官能团包括脲、硫脲、酰胺和氨基甲酸脂。
普通的技术人员可以意识到,在这里描述的一些结构可以是共振形式或者互变异构体化合物,它们可以由其他的化学结构清楚表示。技术人员可以意识到,虽然上述的共振形式或者互变异构体没有在这里表示,但这些结构明显在本发明考虑范围之内。例如以下结构:
明显地代表了一样的化合物,见到一个就可以显而易见地想到另一个。另外,本发明化合物可以为前药,下面是具体的实例:
其中R为通过生物过程去除的基团(或者键)。因此,正如本领域普通技术人员会明白的,本发明清楚地考虑到了提供化合物可水解前药形式的化合物。在这里使用的“前药”为任何化合物,当它们在有机体中经历生物过程时,被水解、代谢、衍生等等,得到具有期望活性的活性物质。普通的技术人员可以意识到,前药可以或不可以作为前药而具有任何活性。当以安全和有效量服药时,在这里描述的前药对于患者倾向于没有有害影响。这些包括例如可生物水解的酰胺和酯。“可生物水解的酰胺”为基本上不会影响化合物活性的酰胺化合物,或通过细胞、组织,或者人、哺乳动物或者动物对象,在体内易于转化成具有活性的本发明化合物。“可生物水解的酯”指不会影响化合物活性的本发明酯化合物,或易于经动物转化成具有活性的式(I)化合物。上述的可水解的前药可以被普通的技术人员所理解并且概括在控制准则之内。
在这里也具体考虑了化合物和组合物的药用盐,无论是阳离子的或阴离子的。“可药用盐”为在任一酸式基团(例如羧基)处形成的阴离子盐,或者在任一碱式基团(例如氨基)处形成的阳离子的盐。许多上述的盐为现有技术中已知的,如Johnston等在WO 87/05297(公开于1987年9月11日,在这里一并作为参考)所描述的。优选的可以和酸式基团成盐的相应离子可以包括盐的阳离子,例如碱金属盐(例如钠和钾)和碱土金属盐(例如镁和钙)和有机盐。优选在碱性部位可成盐的包括阴离子化物例如卤化物(例如氯化物)。当然,普通的技术人员可以意识到可以使用许多盐的变形,这样的例子存在于有用的有机或者无机盐的文献中。
由于本发明的化合物可以具有一个或多个立体异构中心(stereogeniccenter),在这里“旋光异构体”、“立体异构体”、“对映异构体”“非对映体”的意思为本领域标准的含义(参照Hawleys Condensed Chemical Dictionary,第11版),并且本发明包括外消旋体、旋光异构体、立体异构体、对映异构体和非对映体这些化合物。
类似地,由于本发明的化合物可以具有“区域中心(region-isomers)”,所以具体地,其中环C内具有几种相对取向的那些式I化合物关于这样的异构体,具有本领域中已接受的标准含义(参照Hawleys Condensed ChemicalDictionary,第11版),这些也包括在本发明所要求保护的范围内。
在这里使用的术语“代谢疾病”意思为已识别出的一组疾病,其中发生了代谢出错(error)、代谢失衡(imbalance)或者代谢欠佳。虽然某些疾病本身可能或者不可能由具体的代谢功能障碍引起,但是在这里使用的代谢疾病也包括可以通过调节代谢功能而治疗的疾病。上述的代谢疾病优选涉及葡萄糖和脂肪酸氧化途径。更优选上述的代谢疾病涉及MCD或者由丙二酸单酰CoA水平调控,在这里称之为“与MCD或者MCA有关的疾病”。
本发明化合物的制备
用于制备本发明化合物的原材料为已知的,可以通过已知的方法得到或从市场上可买到。用于制备要求保护的化合物的前体和官能团的方法对于普通技术人员是已知的,一般在文献中有描述。普通技术人员可以根据文献或公开出版物来制备这些化合物。
可以理解为,有机化学领域的普通技术人员不需要进一步指示就可以容易地执行操作,即这些操作在普通技术人员工作和实践范围之内。这些操作包括还原羰基化合物为相应的醇,还原烷基化胺,氧化,酰化,芳香族取代(亲电子和亲核反应),醚化,酯化和皂化等等。在标准教科书中已经进行了关于这些操作的论述,例如March Advanced OrganicChemistry(Wiley),Carey和Sundberg的Advanced Organic Chemistry等等。
普通的技术人员可以意识到,当掩蔽或者保护分子中的某些官能团时,可以更好地进行某些反应,因此为避免任何不良的副反应和/或增加反应的产率,普通技术人员经常使用保护基来提高产率或避免不良的反应。这些反应可以在文献中找到,并也在普通技术人员理解范围之内。许多这些操作的例子可以在例如T.Greene和P.Wuts的Protecting Groups in OrganicSynthesis,第二版,John Wiley & Sons(1991)找到。
提供下面的流程图给读者以引导,并代表了制备例举化合物的优选的制备方法。这些方法没有穷举,显然可以使用其他的的合成路线来制备这些的化合物。上述的方法具体地包括固相化学(solid phase based chemistries),包括组合化学(combinatorial chemistry)。根据文献记载和公开的方法,普通技术人员完全可以制备这些化合物。
流程图1
如流程图1所示,将市场上可买到的或者容易用已知方法制备得到的氨基-2-巯基苯并噻唑1和醛或者酮缩合,并且用氰基硼氢化钠还原,得到相应的N-烷基苯胺2。在所示的反应条件下接着将化合物2转化为相应的脲或者硫脲(3,R13=脂基、芳基、杂环或者杂芳基),酰胺(4,R13=脂基、芳基、杂环或者杂芳基),磺酰胺(5,R13=脂基、芳基、杂环或者杂芳基)或者氨基甲酸脂(6,R13=脂基、芳基、杂环或者杂芳基)。如流程图2所示,通过用不同的氨基酸异硫氰酸基酯(R9=烷基、芳基、杂环基)在热吡啶中直接处理1来制备硫代乙内酰脲类似物(7)。
流程图2
如流程图3所示制备得到嘧啶和吡啶构架10,用二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠和伯胺(R4NH2)反复取代8(它可以商业购买或用已知的方法制备)中的氯,得到中间体9,接着用碱性的硫化钠还原/硫解,并和黄原酸钾缩合得到10。
流程图3
普通技术人员可以意识到,化合物如10可以如上所述的化合物1一样的形式用于制备本发明的化合物。普通技术人员也可以理解到这里描述的嘧啶和吡啶可以与1一样的方式,用于制备本发明的化合物。以Arrhenius,Chen等在2002年1月12日提交的申请CH010-01.PCT、CH010-02.PCT和CH011-01.PCT公开中类似的方式制备本发明的其它化合物。这些公开内容在这里引用作为参考。
生物活性
活体外MCD抑制试验:
将在文献中描述的检测丙二酸单酰辅酶A脱羧酶活性试验的分光光度法进行调整和修改,用于高处理能力形式的MCD抑制活性试验(Kolattukudy等,Methods in Enzymology 71:150(1981))。将以下的试剂加入到96孔的滴定盘中:20μL Tris-HCI缓冲液、10μL DTE、20μL I-苹果酸酯、10μL NAD、25μL NADH、80μL水、5μL苹果酸脱氢酶。将上述物质混合并培养2分钟,接着加入5μL柠檬酸合成酶。加入5μL化合物后,加入由鼠心脏和20μL丙二酸单酰辅酶A制备得到的5μL丙二酸单酰辅酶A脱羧酶。将上述物质培养,并在460nM检测吸收率。
用抑制MCD活性50%的化合物浓度(IC50)来表征活性化合物。优选的化合物的IC50值少于10μM,最优选化合物的IC50值少于100nM。
表1.MCD抑制剂的IC50值
化合物 | IC<sub>50</sub>(μM) |
表3;项目1 | 0.031 |
表3;项目3 | 0.093 |
表3;项目16 | 0.023 |
表3;项目17 | 0.042 |
表4;项目4 | 0.075 |
表4;项目6 | 1.604 |
表7;项目1 | 0.062 |
表7;项目8 | 0.052 |
表8;项目1 | 0.098 |
表8;项目7 | 0.025 |
在灌注的大鼠心脏中的葡萄糖氧化和脂肪酸氧化测量:
从雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠身上分离试验的心脏,用含5mmol/L葡萄糖、100μU/mL胰岛素、3%BAS和1.2mmol/L棕榈酸酯的修饰的Krebs-Henseleit溶液进行有氧灌注60分钟。试验的心脏用于研究估计在体内心脏的代谢需求。(Kantor等,Circulation Research 86:580-588(2000))。在灌注期间再用5分钟加入测试化合物。
通过定量收集用[U14]-葡萄糖缓冲液灌注的心脏产生的14CO2,来检测葡萄糖氧化速度。通过定量收集用[U14]-棕榈酸缓冲液灌注的心脏产生的14CO2,来检测脂肪酸氧化速度(McNeill,J.H.的“Measurement ofcardiovascular function”第二章,CRC发行,纽约(1997))。
与对照实验(DMSO)比较,通过葡萄糖氧化的增加来特征化活性化合物。葡萄糖氧化具有统计上显著增加的化合物被认为是具有活性的。优选的化合物在20μM时葡萄糖氧化中具有统计上显著的增加。使用斯氏t检验法根据情况,对成对的或者不配对的样本进行计算得出统计显著性。P<0.05的结果被认为是统计上显著的。
实施例
为了进一步地阐述本发明,给出了以下的实施例。不应该将实施例看作具体限定了本发明。在权利要求范围内对这些实施例进行变化是本领域技术人员能想到的,被认为是包括在本发明描述范围之内的,并在本发明中要求保护。读者会意识到,普通技术人员借助于本发明的公开和本领域的常识,不需要详尽的实施例就可以制备和使用本发明。
在这里使用的商标只是举例,用于反映在进行发明时使用的材料。普通的技术人员可以意识到,许多的变化、制造工艺等等是可以知道和使用的。因此使用的实施例和商标为非限制性的,并不是为了限制,而仅仅为了说明普通技术人员可能怎样选择进行本发明的一个或多个具体方案。
除非另有陈述,1H核磁共振波谱(NMR)使用CDCI3或者指出的其他溶剂的Varian核磁共振波谱仪(Unity Plus 400,400MHz用于1H)进行,峰值位置用从四甲基硅烷向低磁场漂移的百万分之一(ppm)来表示。峰形表示如下,s为单峰,d为双峰,t为三重峰,q为是重峰,m为多重峰。
下面的缩写具有指定的含义:
Ac=乙酰基
Bn=苯甲基
Bz=苯甲酰基
CDI=羰基二咪唑
CH2CL2=二氯甲烷
DIBAL=二异丁基氢化铝
DMAP=4-(二甲基氨基)-吡啶
DMF=N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
DMSO=二甲亚砜
EDCI或者ECAC=1-[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]-3-乙基碳化二亚胺盐酸盐
ESIMS=电子喷射质谱法
Et3N=三乙胺
EtOAc=乙酸乙酯
HMTA=六亚甲基四胺
LDA=二异丙基酰胺锂
LHDMS=二(三甲基甲硅烷)酰胺锂
MgSO4=硫酸镁
NaH=氢化钠
NBS=N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺
NCS=N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺
NH4Cl=氯化铵
Ph=苯基
Py=吡啶基
r.t.=室温
TFA=三氟乙酸
THF=四氢呋喃
TLC=薄层色谱
Tf2O=三氟甲基磺酸酐(triflic anhydride)
烷基的缩写:
Me=甲基
Et=乙基
n-Pr=正丙基
i-Pr=异丙基
n-Bu=正丁基
i-Bu=异丁基
t-Bu=叔丁基
s-Bu=仲丁基
c-Hex=环己基
表2.N-烷基苯并噻唑的制备
项目 | R<sub>8</sub> |
1 | 异丁基 |
2 | 4-吡啶-2-基甲基 |
3 | 2-苄氧基乙基 |
4 | 4-噻唑-2-基甲基 |
5 | 异丙基 |
6 | 羧甲基 |
7 | -CH<sub>2</sub>(5-甲基噻吩) |
N-烷基苯并噻唑合成步骤的实施例:
6-[(2-甲基丁基)氨基]-1,3-苯并噻唑-2-硫醇(表2,项目1):
向500毫升的圆底烧瓶中加入6-氨基-1,3-苯并噻唑-2-硫醇(5.0g,0.03mol),己醛(3.0g,0.03mol),甲醇(250ml),冰醋酸(2.5ml),水(1ml)和NaCNBH3(1.9g,0.03mol)。将混合物搅拌4小时,过滤,并将滤液浓缩得到浅黄色固体。用水洗涤固体,并用二乙醚研磨得到5.8g(79%)的目标化合物。1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ=0.88(t,6H),1.79(m,1H),2.77(t,2H),6.64(d,1H),6.72(s,1H),6.99(d,2H);ESIMS:m/z 239(M-H )。
表3.苯并噻唑-脲基化合物的制备
项目 | R<sub>8</sub> | R<sub>13</sub> |
1 | 异丁基 | 4-(三氟甲基)苯基 |
2 | 异丁基 | 4-溴代苯基 |
3 | 异丁基 | 4-氰基苯基 |
4 | 异丁基 | 吡啶-3-基 |
5 | 吡啶-2-基 | 4-溴代苯基 |
6 | 吡啶-2-基 | 4-(三氟甲基)苯基 |
7 | 吡啶-2-基 | 2-氯乙基 |
8 | -CH<sub>2</sub>(5-甲基噻吩-2-基) | 4-溴代苯基 |
9 | -CH<sub>2</sub>(5-甲基噻吩-2-基) | 4-(三氟甲基)苯基 |
10 | 2-苄氧基乙基 | 4-溴代苯基 |
11 | 2-苄氧基乙基 | 4-(三氟甲基)苯基 |
12 | 噻唑-2-基甲基 | 2-氯乙基 |
13 | 噻唑-2-基甲基 | 4-(三氟甲基)苯基 |
14 | 异丙基 | 4-丁氧基苯基 |
15 | 异丙基 | 4-氰基甲基苯基 |
16 | 异丙基 | 4-(三氟甲基)苯基 |
17 | 异丙基 | 4-羧甲基苯基 |
18 | 异丙基 | -(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>5</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>Et |
苯并噻唑-脲基化合物的合成步骤的实施例:
N-[2-巯基-1,3-苯并噻唑-6-基)-N-(2-甲基丙基)-N’-[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]脲(表3,项目1):
向500毫升的圆底烧瓶中加入6-[2-(甲基丙基)氨基]-1,3-苯并噻唑-2-硫醇(52.36mg,0.22mmol),二氯甲烷(10ml)和α,α,α-三氟-对甲苯基异氰酸酯(41.1mg,0.22mmol)。将反应混合物搅拌8小时,过滤,并将得到的固体与氯仿研磨,接着再用氯仿和甲醇(9∶1混合)的混合液研磨,得到60mg(64%)目标化合物。1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ=0.84(d,6H),1.66(m,1H),3.49(d,2H),7.30(s,2H),7.50(d,2H),7.60(d,2H),7.71(s,1H);ESIMS:m/z 424(M-H)。
表4.苯并噻唑-氨基甲酰基化合物的制备
项目 | R<sub>8</sub> | R<sub>13</sub> |
1 | 异丁基 | 4-氯苯基 |
2 | 异丁基 | 4-甲氧基苯基 |
3 | 异丁基 | 4-氟苯基 |
4 | 异丙基 | 4-氯苯基 |
5 | 异丙基 | 2-甲氧基乙基 |
6 | 异丙基 | 2-苄氧基乙基 |
苯并噻唑-氨基甲酰基化合物合成步骤的实施例:
2-巯基-1,3-苯并噻唑-6-基(甲基丙基)氨基甲酸4-氯苯基酯(表4,项目1):
向50毫升的圆底烧瓶中加入6-[2-(甲基丙基)氨基]-1,3-苯并噻唑-2-硫醇(100mg,0.42mmol)、丙酮(10ml)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(54.2mg,0.42mmol)和氯代甲酸4-氯苯基酯(78.8mg,0.42mmol)。将反应混合物搅拌10小时,过滤,并将得到的与二乙醚研磨得到38mg目标化合物。1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ=0.85(d,6H),1.70(m,1H),3.53(br,s,2H),7.12(d,2H),7.31(d,1H),7.41(m,3H),7.79(s,1H);ESIMS:m/z 393(M-H)。
苯并噻唑-磺酰胺化合物合成步骤的实施例:
4-氟-N-异丙基-N-(2-巯基苯并噻唑-6-基)-苯基磺酰胺:
向50毫升的圆底烧瓶中加入6-[2-(甲基丙基)氨基]-1,3-苯并噻唑-2-硫醇(200mg,0.89mmol),吡啶(10ml)和4-氟苯基磺酰氯(208mg,1.07mmol)。将反应混合物搅拌1小时,过滤,并将得到的固体与二乙醚研磨,然后用制备TLC(溶于氯仿的5%甲醇)纯化得到11mg(3%)目标化合物。1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ=0.90(d,6H),4.41(m,1H),6.91(br,s,2H),7.12(br s,1H),7.41(m,3H),7.77(m,2H),13.9(br s,1H);ESIMS:m/z 381(M-H)。
表5.苯并噻唑-硫代乙内酰脲化合物的制备
项目 | R<sub>9</sub> |
1 | 氢 |
2 | 乙基 |
3 | 异丙基 |
4 | 异丁基 |
5 | 苄基 |
6 | 2-甲基磺酰基乙基 |
苯并噻唑-硫代乙内酰脲化合物合成步骤的实施例:
3-(2-巯基-1,3-苯并噻唑-6-基)-2-硫代咪唑-4-酮(表5,项目1):
向13×100mm带有螺帽的Pyre试管中加入6-氨基-1,3-苯并噻唑-2-硫醇(108mg,0.59mmol),甲基-2-异硫氰酸酯(94.8mg,0.72mmol)和吡啶(2ml)。用氦气清洗试管,盖帽后在60℃的恒温箱中放置8小时,浓缩溶液,残留物用乙醚研磨,得到锈棕色粉末(59mg,35%)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ=4.27(s,2H),4.26(d,1H),7.35(d,1H),7.61(s,1H),10.40(s,1H),13.86(br s,1H);ESIMS:m/z 280(M-H);熔点大于266℃。
表6.5-烷基氨基-噻唑并[5,4-b]吡啶(或嘧啶)-2-硫醇的制备
项目 | Z | R<sub>5</sub> |
1 | CH | 异丙基 |
2 | CH | 乙基 |
3 | CH | 氢 |
4 | N | 乙基 |
5 | N | 异丙基 |
5-烷基氨基-噻唑并[5,4-b]吡啶(或嘧啶)-2-硫醇合成步骤的实施例:
制备5-异丙基氨基-噻唑并[5,4-b]吡啶(或嘧啶)-2-硫醇(表6,项目1)
步骤1:在1L的烧瓶中加入2,6-二氯-3-吡啶(15.01g,77.78mmol)和无水THF。将溶液用冰水浴冷却10分钟,用氩气排空/吹扫脱气,制备溶于275mLTHF的二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠溶液(19.34g,85.8mmol)并脱气,然后在30分钟内逐滴加入到氯代吡啶的溶液中,将溶液在0℃搅拌5小时,然后温热到室温,蒸发溶剂,用乙酸乙酯提取出黑橙色残留物,用水洗涤3次,再用盐水洗涤1次,用MgSO4干燥有机层,过滤并浓缩得到琥珀色的油,通过闪蒸柱(二氧化硅硅胶,10%乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化得到17.3g(73%)的橙色油(二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸6-氯-3-氰基-吡啶-2-基酯)。
步骤2:在5分钟内,向250毫升的圆底烧瓶中加入步骤1获得的产品(12.38g,40.48mmol),碳酸钾(5.64g,40.8mmol)和乙腈(100mL),在5分钟内加入异丙胺并将该溶液搅拌过夜。通过2厘米的硅藻土垫子过滤反应溶液,浓缩用乙酸乙酯提取残留物,用1M柠檬酸洗涤3次,再用盐水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥有机层,浓缩得到橙红色油。从乙醚/己烷中结晶得到12.3g(92%)的目标化合物(9,Z=C,R5=异丙基)的橙色晶体。1H NMR(CDCL3)δ=1.98(d,6H),1.24(t,3H),1.28(t,3H),3.81(q,2H),4.08(q,2H),5.08(d,1H),6.18(d,1H),8.19(d,1H)。
步骤3:向250毫升的圆底烧瓶中加入9(Z=C,R5=异丙基,4.55g,13.8mmol)和乙醇(100mL),再缓慢加入氢氧化钠(5.66g,141mmol)和硫化钠(5.58g,71.5mmol)的50mL水溶液,在氩气氛下,将反应混合物回流过夜。用柠檬酸中和反应化合物到pH为6,浓缩。用乙酸乙酯提取残留物,分离两层,水相用乙酸乙酯提取2次。将有机层部分合并,并用盐水洗涤,然后用MgSO4干燥,过滤,浓缩得到褐色饼状3-氨基-6-异丙基氨基-吡啶-2-硫醇。
步骤4:在含有步骤3粗品(~13.8mmol)的250毫升的圆底烧瓶中,加入乙基黄原酸钾(3.42g,21.3mmol)和乙醇(100mL),在氩气氛下将反应混合物回流5小时,然后冷却到约40℃,并用木炭脱色,通过2厘米的硅藻土垫子过滤得到浅褐色饼,再将其溶解于少量的水中,并用乙酸酸化得到茶褐色固体粗品,用水和乙醚洗涤过滤得到2.55g(以9计算82%)的5-异丙基氨基-噻唑并[5,4-b]吡啶-2-硫醇(表6,项目1),其为茶褐色(tan)粉末。1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ=1.09(d,6H),3.90(m,1H),6.44(d,1H),6.74(d,1H),7.25(d,1H),13.36(br s,1H);ESIMS:m/z 224(M-H)。
表7 [5,4-b]吡啶-脲基化合物的制备
项目 | R<sub>5</sub> | R<sub>4</sub> |
1 | 乙基 | 4-丁氧基苯基 |
2 | 乙基 | 4-(三氟甲基)苯基 |
3 | 乙基 | 4-羧基甲基苯基 |
4 | 异丙基 | 4-己氧基苯基 |
5 | 异丙基 | 4-羧基甲基苯基 |
6 | 异丙基 | 4-(1-氧代乙基)苯基 |
7 | 异丙基 | 4-叔丁氧基苯基 |
8 | 异丙基 | 4-(三氟甲基)苯基 |
[5,4-b]吡啶-脲化合物合成的实施例:
3-(4-丁氧基苯基)-1-乙基-1-(2-巯基-噻唑并[5,4-b]吡啶-5-基)脲(表7,项目1):
向13×100mm的耐热反应试管中加入5-乙基氨基-噻唑并[5,4-b]吡啶-2-硫醇(105mg,0.49mmol)、无水吡啶(2ml)和4-丁氧基苯基异氰酸酯(135μL,0.74mmol)。将反应混合物搅拌3.5小时,然后浓缩,用制备性TLC(溶于己烷的40%乙酸乙酯)纯化得到26mg(13%)的目标化合物。1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ=0.91(t,3H),1.10(t,3H),1.39(m,2H),1.61(m,2H),3.91(m,1H),6.80(d,2H),7.30(m,3H),7.99(br d,1H),9.43(s,1H);ESIMS:m/z 401(M-H);溶点134.3-135℃。
表8.[5,4-b]吡啶-酰氨基化合物的制备
项目 | R<sub>5</sub> | R<sub>4</sub> |
1 | 乙基 | 苯氧基甲基 |
2 | 乙基 | 苄基 |
3 | 乙基 | 4-丁氧基苯基 |
4 | 乙基 | 4-己氧基苯基 |
5 | 乙基 | 吡啶-4-基 |
6 | 异丙基 | 3-甲基-丁基 |
7 | 异丙基 | 4-(三氟甲基)苯基 |
8 | 异丙基 | 4-氯苯基 |
[5,4-b]吡啶-酰氨基化合物合成步骤的实施例:
N-乙基-N-(2-巯基-噻唑并[5,4-b]吡啶-5-基)-2-苯氧基乙酰胺(表8,项目1):
向13×100mm的耐热反应试管中加入5-乙基氨基-噻唑并[5,4-b]吡啶-2-硫醇(99mg,0.47mmol)、无水吡啶(1.5ml)和4-丁氧基苯基异氰酸酯(100μL,0.72mmol)。将反应混合物搅拌2.5小时,然后浓缩,用制备性TLC(溶于己烷的40%乙酸乙酯)纯化得到36mg(22%)的目标化合物。1HNMR(DMSO-d6)δ=1.02(t,3H),1.10(t,3H),3.73(m,2H),6.70(d,2H),6.86(t,1H),7.19(t,2H),7.29(d,1H),7.59(br d,1H);ESIMS:m/z 344(M-H);溶点107.5-109.0℃。
[5,4-b]吡啶-氨基甲酰基化合物合成步骤的实施例:
向1.5ml的微波反应试管中加入5-异丙基氨基-噻唑并[5,4-b]吡啶-2-硫醇(50mg,0.22mmol)、无水吡啶(1.5ml)和4-氯苯基氯甲酸酯(40μL,0.29mmol)。将反应混合物通过微波在120℃加热15分钟,然后浓缩,用制备性TLC(溶于己烷的40%乙酸乙酯)纯化得到10.2mg(12%)的目标化合物。1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ=1.21(d,6H),4.42(m,1H),7.17(d,2H),7.39(d,2H),7.70(d,1H);8.39(d,1H);ESIMS:m/z 378(M-H)。
在这里描述的所有引用合并作为参考,例如所引用的所有专利、专利申请和出版物。
在现有技术的指导下,根据具体实施方案的改进也在制剂领域普通技术人员可理解的本发明范围之内。
虽然已经描述了本发明的具体方案,但是本发明的各种变化和改进对于本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的,即它们没有脱离开本发明的精神和范围。在权利要求中试图覆盖了在本发明范围之内的本领域普通技术人员能够得到的改进。因此,上述的具体方案足以使本领域的技术人员实现本发明。实际上,以上描述的实现本发明的各种改进,对于分子生物学、化学、医学、制药学或者相关领域的技术人员是显而易见的,由此它们包括在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (28)
1.一种化合物,其选自下述结构式的化合物:
其中
Y为硫;
C为取代的含有1个氮原子的5-7元单环,其中所述的取代基独立地选自R1和R2;
R1和R2不同,每个独立地选自氢、C1-C12烷基氨基、或者下式基团:
其中
X为O;
L为-NR5-、-O-、-CH2-或键;
Q为-NR5 -;
R4选自取代的C1-C12烷基和取代的芳基,其中所述取代基独立地
选自以下定义的R9;
R5为氢或C1-C12直链或支链烷基;
R6在式II中的5位或6位,且选自下述式的基团中的一种:
其中
X为O;
L为-NR5-、-O-、-CH2-或键;
R8为(C3-C12)支链烷基;
R13为被羧基、羟基、烷氧基、氰基、硝基、羰基、芳基、羧基烷基、巯基、氨基、酰胺基、脲基、氨基甲酰基、磺酰胺基、氨基磺酰胺基或者卤素取代的C2-C12烷基或对位被R9取代的苯基;
B为键;
n为1或2;
Q是键;
环D为取代的含1到3个杂原子的5-7元单环,这些杂原子选自O、N或S,其中的取代基独立地选自R9;以及
环E为取代的含1-2个氮原子的5元芳香杂环,其中的取代基独立地选自R9;
其中取代基R9选自氢、卤素、氰基、-CF3、(C1-C12)烷氧基、取代的(C1-C12)烷氧基和羧基取代的(C1-C12)烷基;所述的(C1-C12)烷氧基的取代基为羧基、羟基、烷氧基、氰基、硝基、羰基、芳基、羧基烷基、巯基、氨基、酰胺基、脲基、氨基甲酰基、磺酰胺基、氨基磺酰胺基或者卤素;
R7为氢;
它的相应的对映异构体、非对映异构物或者互变异构体,
或其可药用的盐。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中所述的环C为吡啶。
3.权利要求2的化合物,其中R1和R2连接在式I环编号的5或6位。
4.权利要求3的化合物,其中R1连接在式I环编号的6位。
7.权利要求6的化合物,为选自下列的酰氨基化合物:
N-(2-巯基[1,3]噻唑并[5,4-b]吡啶-5-基)-N-(1-甲基乙基)-4-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺。
8.权利要求6的化合物,为选自下列的脲化合物:
N-(2-巯基[1,3]噻唑并[5,4-b]吡啶-5-基)-N-(1-甲基乙基)-N’-[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]脲。
9.权利要求6的化合物,为选自如下的氨基甲酸基化合物:
2-巯基[1,3]噻唑并[5,4-b]吡啶-5-基(1-甲基乙基)氨基甲酸4-氯代苯基酯。
12.权利要求11的化合物,其中R9为-CN、-CF3、C2-C12烷氧基或取代的C2-C12烷氧基;其中C2-C12烷氧基的取代基为羧基、羟基、烷氧基、氰基、硝基、羰基、芳基、羧基烷基、巯基、氨基、酰胺基、脲基、氨基甲酰基、磺酰胺基、氨基磺酰胺基或者卤素。
13.权利要求11的化合物,其中R8为C3-C7支链烷基,并且R13为对位被R9取代的苯基,其中R9为F、Cl、Br、I、-CN、-CF3、C2-C12烷氧基或取代的C2-C12烷氧基,其中C2-C12烷氧基的取代基为羧基、羟基、烷氧基、氰基、硝基、羰基、芳基、羧基烷基、巯基、氨基、酰胺基、脲基、氨基甲酰基、磺酰胺基、氨基磺酰胺基或者卤素。
14.根据权利要求11的化合物,选自下列的脲化合物:
N-(2-巯基-1,3-苯并噻唑-6-基)-N-(1-甲基乙基)-N’-[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]脲;
N-(2-巯基-1,3-苯并噻唑-6-基)-N-(2-甲基丙基)-N’-[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]脲;和
N’-(4-氰基苯基)-N-(2-巯基-1,3-苯并噻唑-6-基)-N-(2-甲基丙基)脲。
15.根据权利要求1 1的化合物,选自下列的氨基甲酰基化合物:;
2-巯基-1,3-苯并噻唑-6-基(1-甲基乙基)氨基甲酸4-氯代苯基酯;和
2-巯基-1,3-苯并噻唑-6-基(2-甲基丙基)氨基甲酸4-氯代苯基酯。
16.权利要求1的化合物在制备抑制患者中丙二酸单酰辅酶A脱羧酶的药物中的用途。
17.权利要求1的化合物在制备将患者中的脂肪酸代谢转化成碳水化合物代谢的药物中的用途。
18.权利要求1的化合物在制备通过增加患者中丙二酸单酰辅酶A浓度来治疗与脂肪酸和葡萄糖代谢有关的疾病和综合症的药物中的用途。
19.权利要求18的用途,其中所述的疾病为心血管疾病。
20.权利要求19的用途,其中所述的心血管疾病为充血性心力衰竭。
21.权利要求19的用途,其中所述的心血管疾病为局部缺血性心血管疾病。
22.权利要求18的用途,其中所述的疾病为用于处理局部缺血性心血管疾病引起的心绞痛。
23.权利要求18的用途,其中所述疾病为糖尿病。
24.权利要求18的用途,其中所述疾病为酸中毒。
25.权利要求18的用途,其中所述疾病为肥胖。
26.权利要求18的用途,其中所述疾病为癌症。
27.通过增加患者中丙二酸单酰辅酶A浓度来治疗与脂肪酸和葡萄糖代谢有关疾病的药物组合物,包括在药用载体中的治疗有效量的权利要求1化合物。
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Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0144101A2 (en) * | 1983-11-30 | 1985-06-12 | Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. | Bicyclic heterocyclyl containing N-(bicyclic heterocyclyl)-4-piperidinamines |
WO1995029904A1 (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1995-11-09 | Allergan | Substituted thiazole sulfonamides as antiglaucoma agents |
WO1998025913A1 (fr) * | 1996-12-10 | 1998-06-18 | Adir Et Compagnie | Nouveaux derives [3h]-benzoxazole-2-thiones et [3h]-benzothiazole-2-thiones substitues, leur procede de preparation et les compositions pharmaceutiques qui les contiennent |
WO2000009710A2 (en) * | 1998-08-11 | 2000-02-24 | The Governors Of The University Of Alberta | Compositions and methods for identifying mammalian malonyl coa decarboxylase inhibitors, agonists and antagonists |
WO2000069810A1 (en) * | 1999-05-17 | 2000-11-23 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Glucagon antagonists/inverse agonists |
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