WO2020119594A1 - 有机凝胶聚合物电解液、制备方法、应用、钠基双离子电池及其制备方法 - Google Patents

有机凝胶聚合物电解液、制备方法、应用、钠基双离子电池及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2020119594A1
WO2020119594A1 PCT/CN2019/123573 CN2019123573W WO2020119594A1 WO 2020119594 A1 WO2020119594 A1 WO 2020119594A1 CN 2019123573 W CN2019123573 W CN 2019123573W WO 2020119594 A1 WO2020119594 A1 WO 2020119594A1
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sodium
organic
electrolyte
ion battery
positive electrode
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PCT/CN2019/123573
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English (en)
French (fr)
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唐永炳
吴越
张苗
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深圳先进技术研究院
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage devices, in particular, to an organic gel polymer electrolyte, preparation method, application, sodium-based dual ion battery and preparation method thereof.
  • Liquid organic electrolytes are easy to leak, and they are prone to explosion at high temperature and cause safety accidents, so they cannot be used in occasions with high safety performance requirements.
  • Solid and quasi-solid batteries that use solid electrolytes or gel polymers as electrolytes have attracted widespread attention because of their low flammability and high safety compared to liquid electrolytes.
  • all-solid-state batteries have low ionic conductivity, so they are still in the preliminary research and development stage, so quasi-solid-state batteries with higher ionic conductivity are favored by people.
  • the dual ion battery is a new type of energy storage device, and its working principle is different from that of the traditional lithium ion battery.
  • the positive electrode graphite undergoes an anion intercalation reaction, while the negative electrode reacts with the cation in the electrolyte, and the discharge process in contrast.
  • This new reaction mechanism not only significantly improves the operating voltage of the battery, but also greatly reduces the volume and quality of the battery, thereby comprehensively improving the energy density of the battery.
  • the storage capacity of sodium element is relatively more abundant than that of lithium element, and the oxidation-reduction potential of sodium is equivalent to that of lithium. Therefore, the development of sodium ion-based dual ion batteries has potential application value.
  • tin in the sixth main group has been reported as a dual ion anode material based on sodium ions, as reported in the literature (A Novel Tin-Graphite Dual-Ion Battery Based on Sodium-Ion Electrolyte with High Energy Density)
  • the use of tin metal as the negative electrode and current collector, expanded graphite as the positive electrode material, and NaPF 6 as the electrolyte proves that tin and sodium form an alloy at room temperature and can be reversibly charged and discharged at room temperature.
  • the dual-ion battery based on the liquid electrolyte has poor cycle stability due to the decomposition of the electrolyte under high voltage.
  • the solvent in the liquid electrolyte is easy to co-intercalate into the positive electrode graphite, causing the graphite positive electrode to peel off during cycling.
  • ionic liquids as electrolytes and composite materials as electrode materials are two solutions to improve the cycling performance of dual-ion batteries.
  • the development of gel electrolytes is another solution that can improve cycle stability.
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide an organic gel polymer electrolyte which, on the premise of ensuring the electrochemical performance of the battery containing the electrolyte, improves the safety performance of the battery and can overcome the above problems or at least partially solve it The above technical issues.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an organic gel polymer electrolyte, which is simple in process, easy to operate, and low in cost.
  • the third object of the present invention is to provide an application of an organic gel polymer electrolyte as an electrolyte and a separator in a sodium-based dual ion battery, and to apply the organic gel polymer electrolyte in a sodium-based dual ion battery ,
  • the electrochemical performance of the battery is good, the safety performance is effectively improved, and the separator and the protection circuit can be eliminated, which reduces the cost of the battery.
  • the fourth object of the present invention is to provide a sodium-based dual ion battery, which has the characteristics of high energy density, high safety performance and low cost.
  • the fifth object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a sodium-based dual ion battery, which has a simple process and low manufacturing cost.
  • the sixth object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device, a power tool, an electric vehicle, or a power storage system including a sodium-based dual ion battery.
  • the present invention provides an organic gel polymer electrolyte, including a solid polymer matrix and an organic electrolyte;
  • the solid polymer matrix includes organic polymers and inorganic additives
  • the organic electrolyte includes a sodium salt and an organic solvent.
  • the mass ratio of the organic polymer to the inorganic additive is 10-50:1, preferably 15-20:1, further preferably 16:1;
  • the concentration of the sodium salt in the organic electrolyte is 0.1-10 mol/L, preferably 0.5-1.5 mol/L, and more preferably 1.0 mol/L.
  • the organic polymer includes vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polyoxyethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, polyamide, and polyhexanediol , Polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polybutadiene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polysulfide rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene- At least one of a styrene block copolymer or an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, preferably a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer;
  • the inorganic additive is an inorganic ceramic material
  • the inorganic ceramic material includes at least one of metal oxide, non-metal oxide or clay
  • the inorganic ceramic material includes titanium oxide and trinitride Silicon, silicon carbide, boron nitride, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, nickel oxide, strontium oxide, iron oxide, vanadium oxide, barium oxide, tungsten trioxide, kaolin, bentonite, aluminosilicate, gibbsite , At least one of stone ester or Yin Lai stone, further preferably the inorganic ceramic material is nano alumina;
  • the sodium salt includes sodium hexafluorophosphate, sodium tetrafluoroborate, bistrifluoromethylsulfonimide sodium, bisfluorosulfonimide sodium, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, carbonic acid Sodium, sodium bicarbonate, sodium nitrate, sodium fluoride, sodium phenolate, sodium butyrate, sodium oxalate, sodium succinate, sodium salicylate, sodium iodoacetate, sodium perchlorate, sodium sarcosinate, octyl sulfate Sodium, sodium hexafluorophosphate, sodium silicate, sodium methyldiflavinate, sodium acetate, sodium 1,5-naphthalene disulfonate, sodium dichromate, sodium thiocyanate, sodium benzenesulfinate, hyaluronic acid At least one of sodium or sodium allyl sulfonate, preferably sodium hexa
  • the organic solvent includes at least one of esters, sulfones, ethers, nitriles or ionic liquids, preferably including propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl carbonate Ethyl ester, methyl formate, methyl acetate, N,N-dimethylacetamide, fluoroethylene carbonate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran, 2 -Methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, dimethoxymethane, 1,2-dimethoxypropane, triethylene glycol dimethyl Ether, dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl ether, vinyl sulfite, propylene sulfite, dimethyl sulfite, diethyl sul
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing an organic gel polymer electrolyte, including the following steps:
  • the solvent includes water, alcohols, ketones, acids, sulfones, benzenes, halides, At least one of ammonia or liquid oxide, preferably the solvent includes ethanol, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, chloroform, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethylenediamine, water, methanol, formic acid, sulfuric acid, benzene , Carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, liquid ammonia, citric acid, hydrogen fluoride, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid sulfur dioxide, sulfuryl chloride, at least one of hydrazine hydrate, isopropanol, further preferably the solvent is a mixture of ethanol and acetone;
  • the mass ratio of ethanol and propanol is 1:1-10, preferably 1:4-6, and more preferably 1:5;
  • the solid polymer matrix is made into a membrane, and then put into an organic electrolyte.
  • the present invention provides an application of the above-mentioned organic gel polymer electrolyte as an electrolyte and a separator in a sodium-based dual ion battery.
  • the present invention provides a sodium-based dual ion battery, including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and the above-mentioned organic gel polymer electrolyte interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
  • the negative electrode is a metal, metal alloy, or metal composite that can be alloyed with sodium ions;
  • the negative electrode includes any one of tin, copper, iron, nickel, titanium, aluminum, zinc, manganese, lead, antimony, cadmium, gold, bismuth or germanium; or, at least contains tin, copper, iron , Nickel, titanium, aluminum, zinc, manganese, lead, antimony, cadmium, gold, bismuth or germanium; or, at least contain tin, copper, iron, nickel, titanium, aluminum, zinc, manganese, lead , Antimony, cadmium, gold, bismuth or germanium metal composite;
  • the negative electrode is tin, a tin alloy or a tin-containing compound.
  • the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode material
  • the positive electrode material includes a positive electrode material active material
  • the positive electrode material active material is a layered material capable of reversibly intercalating and deintercalating sodium salt anions
  • the active material of the positive electrode material is a graphite-based material, preferably the graphite-based material includes mesophase carbon microsphere graphite, natural graphite, expanded graphite, glassy carbon, carbon-carbon composite material, carbon fiber, hard carbon, high-oriented graphite , Carbon black, carbon nanotubes or graphene, at least one is more preferably expanded graphite;
  • the positive electrode material includes 60 to 95 wt% of the positive electrode material active material, 2 to 30 wt% of the conductive agent, and 3 to 10 wt% of the binder.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a sodium-based dual ion battery.
  • the negative electrode, the organic gel polymer electrolyte, and the positive electrode are assembled to obtain a sodium-based dual ion battery.
  • the present invention provides an electronic device, power tool, electric vehicle, or power storage system including the sodium-based dual ion battery described above.
  • the organic gel polymer electrolyte provided by the present invention includes a solid polymer matrix and an organic electrolyte, wherein the solid polymer matrix includes an organic polymer and an inorganic additive. That is, the present invention replaces the liquid electrolyte and separator in the conventional battery with a rigid and flexible organic gel polymer electrolyte in which organic and inorganic materials coexist, and on the premise of ensuring the electrochemical performance of the battery including it, improves the battery The safety performance has widened the application field of dual-ion batteries, bringing new design opportunities for future energy storage devices in the field of wearable electronic devices, and without the use of diaphragms and protection circuits, realizing the low cost of batteries.
  • the sodium-based dual-ion battery of the present invention is a quasi-solid dual-ion battery.
  • the organic gel polymer electrolyte is used instead of the traditional electrolyte and separator, and the separator and the protection circuit are not used, thereby improving the space utilization inside the battery cell.
  • Increase the energy density of the battery effectively improve the safety performance of the battery, reduce the cost of the battery, have the characteristics of high energy density and high safety performance, and have a wider application range, especially for the storage of wearable electronic devices in the future.
  • the equipment can bring new design opportunities.
  • an electronic device, power tool, electric vehicle, or power storage system including the sodium-based dual ion battery of the present invention has at least the same advantages as the above-described sodium-based dual ion battery.
  • the organic gel polymer electrolyte of the present invention is beneficial to improving the electrochemical performance of the battery, improving the service life and safety of the battery, and alleviating the existing electrolyte that is volatile, flammable, and explosive. Security issues.
  • the battery preparation process of the present invention is simple, reduces the battery cost, the process is safe, the environment is friendly, efficient and controllable, and it is easy to realize large-scale industrial production.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sodium-based dual ion battery provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Icons 1-negative electrode; 2-positive electrode active material; 3-organogel polymer electrolyte; 4-positive electrode current collector.
  • an organic gel polymer electrolyte including a solid polymer matrix and an organic electrolyte
  • the solid polymer matrix includes organic polymers and inorganic additives
  • the organic electrolyte includes a sodium salt and an organic solvent.
  • Aluminium foil was used as the negative electrode and current collector, expanded graphite was used as the positive electrode material, PVDF-HFP, polyethylene oxide (PEO) and graphene oxide (GO) were co-doped to obtain a gel electrolyte, which was immersed in a lithium salt electrolyte A gel polymer electrolyte is obtained.
  • the dual-ion battery based on the gel polymer electrolyte has excellent rate performance and cycle stability, and the battery has good flexibility and thermal stability. It is a highly efficient flexible dual-ion battery in the field of wearable electronic devices and other fields. Application prospects.
  • this gel polymer electrolyte is mainly used in lithium-based dual ion batteries.
  • the present invention provides a new type of organic gel polymer electrolyte suitable for quasi-solid sodium-based dual ion batteries.
  • This new organic and inorganic ceramic material coexists with a rigid and flexible organic gel polymer electrolyte, which is used to replace the liquid electrolyte and separator in a sodium-based dual ion battery, on the premise of ensuring the electrochemical performance of the battery,
  • the safety performance of the battery is improved, which brings new design opportunities for energy storage devices in the field of wearable electronic devices in the future, and does not use a diaphragm and a protection circuit, realizing the low cost of the battery.
  • the organic polymer may be a substance with a cross-linked coagulation structure, mixed with inorganic additives and a solvent to form a solid polymer matrix or a solid film or an organic gel polymer film.
  • the inorganic additives may be powder or granular inorganic materials. There is no particular limitation on the specific type of inorganic additives, as long as they can be mixed with organic polymers and solvents to form a solid polymer matrix or a solid film or an organic gel polymer film. The purpose of the invention may be limited.
  • Both the sodium ion and the anionic diion are derived from the sodium salt, and the sodium salt is not particularly limited, and a known sodium salt may be used.
  • Organic solvents can also be called non-aqueous solvents, referring to solvents other than water.
  • the organic solvent can dissociate the electrolyte sodium salt into sodium ions and anions, and the cations and anions can freely migrate.
  • the mass ratio of the organic polymer to the inorganic additive is 10-50:1, preferably 15-20:1, and more preferably 16:1.
  • the mass ratio of organic polymer to inorganic additive is typically but not limited to 10:1, 11:1, 12:1, 13:1, 14:1, 15:1 , 16:1, 17:1, 18:1, 19:1, 20:1, 30:1, 40:1 or 50:1.
  • the organic polymer in the gel polymer electrolyte is selected from vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-HFP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene oxide (PEO), poly Acrylonitrile (PAN), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyamide (Nylon), polyhexanediol (Polyether), polyurethane (Polyurethane), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyparaphenylene Butylene dicarboxylate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), polybutadiene (PB), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polysulfide rubber (LP), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), styrene-butadiene One or more of diene-styrene block copolymer (SBS) and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA).
  • PVDF-HFP vinyl
  • the gel organic polymer is a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-HFP).
  • PVDF-HFP vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
  • the inorganic additive added to the solid polymer in the gel polymer electrolyte is preferably an inorganic ceramic material, and the inorganic ceramic material is selected from one or more of metal oxides, non-metal oxides, and clays .
  • the inorganic ceramic material includes titanium oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, boron nitride, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, nickel oxide, strontium oxide, iron oxide, vanadium oxide, barium oxide, trioxide One or more of tungsten oxide, kaolin, bentonite, aluminosilicate, gibbsite, stone ester, and Yinlai stone.
  • the inorganic ceramic material is nano alumina.
  • a solvent needs to be added, and then the solvent is volatilized to obtain a solid polymer matrix including an organic polymer and an inorganic additive.
  • the solvent can be any liquid substance that can be mixed with organic polymers and inorganic additives to form a solid polymer matrix or film liquid or organic gel polymer film.
  • the solvent used for the solid polymer in the gel polymer electrolyte is selected from ethanol, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, chloroform, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethylenediamine, water, methanol, One or more of formic acid, sulfuric acid, benzene, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, liquid ammonia, citric acid, hydrogen fluoride, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid sulfur dioxide, sulfuryl chloride, hydrazine hydrate, isopropanol, etc.
  • the solvent is a mixed solvent of ethanol and acetone, and the mass ratio of ethanol and acetone ranges from 1:1 to 1:10, preferably 1:4 to 6, and more preferably 1:5.
  • the mass ratio of the organic polymer, inorganic additives, ethanol and propanol to make a film solution is (10-20): (0.5-2): (40-55): (220-240), preferably (15-18): 1: (46-50): (230-238), more preferably 16:1:48:236.
  • the concentration of the sodium salt in the organic electrolyte is 0.1-10 mol/L, preferably 0.5-1.5 mol/L, and more preferably 1.0 mol/L.
  • the concentration of sodium salt in the organic electrolyte is typically but not limited to 0.1mol/L, 0.5mol/L, 1mol/L, 1.5mol/L, 2mol/L, 3mol/L, 4mol/ L, 5mol/L, 6mol/L, 7mol/L, 8mol/L, 9mol/L or 10mol/L.
  • the sodium salt of the electrolyte used as the organic electrolyte in the gel polymer electrolyte is also not particularly limited, as long as it can be dissociated into sodium ions and anions, for example, it can be selected from sodium tetrafluoroborate and bistrifluoro Sodium methanesulfonimide, sodium difluorosulfonimide, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium nitrate, sodium fluoride, sodium phenolate, sodium butyrate, oxalic acid Sodium, sodium succinate, sodium salicylate, sodium iodoacetate, sodium perchlorate, sodium sarcosinate, sodium octyl sulfate, sodium hexafluorophosphate, sodium silicate, sodium methyldiflavinate, sodium acetate, One or more of sodium 1,5-naphthalene disulfonate, sodium sodium tetrafluo
  • the sodium salt concentration range is 0.1 to 10 mol/L.
  • the electrolyte sodium salt is sodium hexafluorophosphate.
  • the organic electrolyte solvent in the gel polymer electrolyte is not particularly limited, as long as the solvent can dissociate the sodium salt into sodium ions and anions, and the cations and anions can freely migrate.
  • the organic electrolyte solvent is selected from one or more of organic solvents such as esters, sulfones, ethers, nitriles, or ionic liquids.
  • the organic solvent is selected from propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methyl formate (MF), methyl acetate (MA), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), methyl propionate (MP), ethyl propionate (EP), acetic acid Ethyl ester (EA), ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL), tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2MeTHF), 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), 4-methyl-1,3 -Dioxolane (4MeDOL), dimethoxymethane (DMM), 1,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP), triethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DG), dimethyl sulfone (MSM), dimethicone Dimethyl ether (DG), di
  • the organic solvent is a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC).
  • EC ethylene carbonate
  • DMC dimethyl carbonate
  • DEC diethyl carbonate
  • the volume ratio of ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) is 1:1:1 (v:v:v).
  • the morphology of the solid polymer matrix is a membrane.
  • the liquid has better conductivity and ion conductivity, and the system has better mechanical strength and flexibility, and has better safety.
  • a method for preparing an organic gel polymer electrolyte including the following steps:
  • the above preparation method is easy to operate, easy to realize, low in cost, and the prepared organic gel polymer electrolyte has excellent performance.
  • the solvent includes at least one of water, alcohols, ketones, acids, sulfones, benzenes, halides, ammonia or liquid oxides
  • the solvent includes ethanol, acetone, dimethyl Sulfoxide, acetonitrile, chloroform, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethylenediamine, water, methanol, formic acid, sulfuric acid, benzene, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, liquid ammonia, citric acid, hydrogen fluoride, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid sulfur dioxide, sulfur At least one of acid chloride, hydrazine hydrate, and isopropanol, further preferably the solvent is a mixture of ethanol and acetone;
  • the mass ratio of ethanol and propanol is 1:1-10, preferably 1:4-6, and more preferably 1:5;
  • the mass ratio of the organic polymer, inorganic additives, ethanol and propanol to make a film solution is (10-20): (0.5-2): (40-55): (220-240), preferably (15-18): 1: (46-50): (230-238), more preferably 16:1:48:236.
  • the solid polymer matrix is made into a membrane, and then put into an organic electrolyte.
  • the method includes:
  • the prepared solid polymer matrix is infiltrated in an organic electrolyte to obtain the organic gel polymer electrolyte.
  • PVDF-HFP vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene
  • an application of the organic gel polymer electrolyte as an electrolyte and a separator in a sodium-based dual ion battery is provided.
  • the sodium-based dual-ion battery is a dual-ion battery using sodium ions as a transmission medium, combining the advantages of the sodium-ion battery and the dual-ion battery.
  • a sodium-based dual ion battery which includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an organic gel polymer electrolyte interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
  • a sodium-based dual ion quasi-solid battery has at least the same advantages as the organogel polymer electrolyte described above.
  • the positive electrode uses graphite material
  • the negative electrode uses metal conductive material
  • the rigid and flexible gel polymer electrolyte in which organic and inorganic ceramic materials coexist replaces the liquid electrolyte and separator in the traditional battery.
  • the dual ion battery of the invention has the characteristics of high energy density and high safety performance, and brings new design opportunities for energy storage devices in the field of wearable electronic devices in the future.
  • the sodium-based dual ion battery prepared by the present invention uses an organic gel polymer electrolyte to replace the traditional liquid organic electrolyte and a separator, and the prepared organic and inorganic ceramic materials coexist
  • the rigid and flexible gel polymer electrolyte is composed of polymer, organic solvent and sodium salt.
  • the organic gel polymer electrolyte is prepared by mixing an organic electrolyte with a solid polymer matrix. Although it exists in the form of a solid film, the electrolyte is confined in the polymer chain.
  • PVDF-HFP is used as a skeleton
  • a certain mass percentage of nano-alumina is added
  • acetone and ethanol are used as solvents
  • heated and melted to form a uniform film-forming liquid
  • the film-forming liquid is scraped on a glass plate with a doctor blade, and then vacuum dried
  • An organic gel polymer film is obtained, and finally the gel polymer film is dipped in an electrolyte solution of sodium salt to prepare an organic gel polymer electrolyte.
  • a rigid-flexible gel polymer electrolyte in which organic and inorganic ceramic materials coexist is used to assemble a dual ion battery to obtain a sodium-based dual ion battery such as a quasi-solid tin-graphite dual ion battery.
  • the battery uses carbon material as the positive electrode material, tin metal elemental material as the negative electrode material, and organic and inorganic ceramic materials co-existing rigid and flexible gel polymer electrolyte to replace the liquid in the traditional battery
  • the electrolyte and the separator alleviate the shortcomings of the low safety performance of existing batteries.
  • the dual ion battery includes: a negative electrode (1), an organic gel polymer electrolyte (3), and a positive electrode active material ( 2), the positive electrode current collector (4), and the battery case for packaging.
  • the negative electrode (1) includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material; the negative electrode (1) may also be a metal foil; both serving as a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material for a battery.
  • the organic gel polymer electrolyte (3) is prepared by mixing an organic electrolyte with a solid polymer matrix.
  • the positive electrode active material (2) of the battery is an active material that can form an alloy with sodium ions to undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction; the positive electrode current collector (4) is a metal foil.
  • the working principle of the sodium-based dual-ion battery provided by the embodiment of the present invention is: during charging, sodium ions in the gel polymer electrolyte react with the negative electrode material tin metal to generate a sodium-tin alloy, At the same time, the anions in the gel polymer electrolyte will be intercalated into the positive graphite; during the discharge process, the sodium tin alloy is desodiumized, and sodium ions will return to the gel polymer electrolyte, while the intercalation anions in the graphite will return to the gel Polymer electrolyte.
  • the use of gel polymer electrolyte improves the safety performance of the battery to a certain extent, and does not require the use of separators and protection circuits, reducing costs.
  • the negative electrode of a sodium-based dual ion battery is a metal, metal alloy, or metal composite that can be alloyed with sodium ions.
  • Metal, metal alloy or metal composite capable of alloying with sodium ions means a metal capable of alloying with sodium ions in an organic gel polymer electrolyte, and alloying with sodium ions in an organic gel polymer electrolyte Alloy or metal composite that can be alloyed with sodium ions in the organic gel polymer electrolyte.
  • the metal here may be any alloy as long as it can form an alloy with sodium, and the type of metal is not limited.
  • Typical but non-limiting metals are tin, copper, iron, nickel, titanium, aluminum, zinc, manganese, lead, antimony, cadmium, gold, bismuth or germanium.
  • the alloy refers to an alloy formed by a metal capable of forming an alloy with sodium and one or several other metals.
  • Typical but non-limiting alloys are iron-tin alloys, copper-tin alloys, titanium aluminum alloys or titanium magnesium alloys.
  • the metal composite refers to a metal matrix composite material formed by combining a metal capable of forming an alloy with sodium and other non-metallic materials.
  • Typical but non-limiting metal composites include graphene-metal composites, carbon fiber-metal composites and ceramic-metal composites.
  • Typical but non-limiting metal composites are tin/graphene composites, tin/polyaniline composites, and the like.
  • the metal, metal alloy or metal composite that can be alloyed with sodium ions is used as a foil, as a negative electrode and current collector of a sodium-based dual ion organic solid battery.
  • the negative electrode is tin, a tin alloy or a tin-containing compound.
  • the negative electrode of the dual-ion battery includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material material layer, preferably elemental metal tin.
  • the integrated design omits an element, saves the volume and weight of a component, reduces the weight and volume of the battery, and has abundant reserves of metal materials, low price, environmental friendliness, and reduced battery manufacturing costs.
  • the alloying/dealloying reaction between metal and sodium can provide higher specific capacity and energy density.
  • the positive electrode of a sodium-based dual-ion battery includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode material.
  • the positive electrode material includes a positive electrode material active material.
  • the positive electrode material active material is a layered material capable of reversibly intercalating and deintercalating sodium salt anions.
  • the positive electrode active material For the positive electrode active material, a high capacity is obtained by reversible intercalation and deintercalation of anions.
  • the anions When charging, the anions are inserted into the lattice of the positive electrode material from the organic gel polymer electrolyte, and during discharge, the anions are released from the positive electrode material. Energy storage is achieved through intercalation reactions.
  • the positive electrode active material is a graphite-based material, including mesophase carbon microsphere graphite, natural graphite, expanded graphite, glassy carbon, carbon composite material, carbon fiber, hard carbon, highly oriented graphite, carbon One or more of black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.
  • the positive electrode active material is expanded graphite.
  • the positive electrode active material layer provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a conductive agent and a binder, wherein the portion of the positive electrode active material is 60 to 95 wt.%, the content of the conductive agent is 2 to 30 wt.%, and the binder The content is 3 ⁇ 10wt.%.
  • the cathode material obtained by using a specific percentage of the cathode material active material, the conductive agent and the binder has good overall performance, and can well play the role of the cathode material in the sodium-based dual ion battery.
  • the conductive agent and the binder are not particularly limited, and only those commonly used in the art may be used.
  • the conductive agent is one or more of conductive carbon black, conductive carbon balls, conductive graphite, carbon nanotubes, conductive carbon fiber, graphene, and reduced graphene oxide.
  • the binder is one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, SBR rubber, and polyolefin.
  • the positive electrode active material layer conductive agent is conductive carbon black
  • the binder is polyvinylidene fluoride
  • the positive electrode current collector is selected from one or an alloy of aluminum, lithium, magnesium, vanadium, copper, iron, tin, zinc, nickel, titanium, manganese, or any one of them Compound or any one of the alloys.
  • the positive electrode current collector is aluminum foil.
  • organic gel polymer electrolyte of the sodium-based dual ion battery is the same as that of the organic gel polymer electrolyte of the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the organic gel polymer electrolyte includes an organic electrolyte and a solid polymer matrix.
  • the organic electrolyte includes sodium salt and organic solvent; the solid polymer matrix includes organic polymer and inorganic ceramic material and solvent.
  • the sodium-based dual ion battery further includes a casing or outer package for packaging, for example, including a battery positive casing and a battery negative casing.
  • Any outer packaging can be appropriately selected without limitation, as long as it has sufficient sealing performance.
  • the form of the sodium-based dual-ion organic solid-state battery according to the present invention is not limited to the button type, and can be designed into a flat plate type, a cylindrical type, or a laminated type according to the core component.
  • a method for preparing a sodium-based dual ion battery in which a negative electrode, an organic gel polymer electrolyte, and a positive electrode are assembled to obtain a sodium-based dual ion battery.
  • the assembly method of the negative electrode, the organic gel polymer electrolyte, and the positive electrode is not particularly limited, and may be performed by a conventional assembly method.
  • the preparation method of the sodium-based dual ion battery is to assemble the above negative electrode and the positive electrode of the organic gel polymer electrolyte, and the production process is simple, easy to implement, and low in cost.
  • the method includes:
  • the negative electrode foil is cut into 12 mm diameter wafers and placed in a vacuum drying box for use.
  • Preparation of organic gel polymer electrolyte Weigh a certain amount of organic polymer into a certain proportion of solvent, then add a certain amount of inorganic additives, heat and stir at 60 °C to form a uniform mixed film-forming liquid, and then in glass The film is formed by scraping on the board, the film is placed in a vacuum drying oven at 80°C for 12 hours, then taken out and cut into 16mm diameter discs, put into 1mol of pre-formulated organic electrolyte containing sodium salt and soaked for use .
  • Preparation of positive electrode Weigh the positive electrode active material, conductive agent and binder in a certain proportion, add a suitable solvent and fully mix into a uniform slurry to make a positive electrode active material layer; clean the positive electrode current collector, and then clean the positive electrode active material The layer is evenly coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode active material layer is completely dried and then cut to obtain a quasi-solid tin-graphite dual ion battery positive electrode of the required size;
  • the negative electrode, gel polymer electrolyte and positive electrode of the quasi-solid tin-graphite dual ion battery are used for assembly.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing a quasi-solid tin-graphite dual ion battery.
  • the method includes:
  • Step 101 Prepare a quasi-solid tin-graphite dual ion battery anode, cut the tin sheet into a 12 mm diameter wafer, dry it in a vacuum drying box, and place it in a vacuum glove box for use.
  • PVDF-HFP vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene
  • Step 103 prepare a quasi-solid tin-graphite dual ion battery positive electrode, weigh the positive electrode active material, conductive agent and binder in a certain proportion, add an appropriate solvent and mix it into a uniform slurry to make a positive electrode active material layer; combine the positive electrode The fluid is cleaned, and then the positive electrode active material layer is evenly coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector. After the positive electrode active material layer is completely dried, it is cut to obtain a battery positive electrode of a desired size.
  • Step 104 Assemble using the negative electrode, gel polymer electrolyte, and positive electrode of the quasi-solid tin-graphite dual ion battery.
  • steps 101-104 describe the operations of the preparation method of the present invention in a specific order, this does not require or imply that these operations must be performed in the specific order.
  • the preparation of steps 101-104 may be performed simultaneously or in any order.
  • an electronic device, an electric tool, an electric vehicle, or an electric power storage system including the sodium-based dual ion battery described above is provided.
  • the above-mentioned electronic device, power tool, electric vehicle, or power storage system includes the above-mentioned sodium-based dual-ion battery, and therefore has at least the same advantages as the above-mentioned sodium-based dual-ion battery, with low cost, high energy density, good cycle performance, and high safety
  • the advantages of the above electrical equipment are longer service life when used under the same charge and discharge current and the same environment.
  • a sodium-based dual ion battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an organic gel polymer electrolyte interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
  • the preparation method of sodium-based dual ion battery includes:
  • Preparation of battery positive electrode Add 0.8g carbon material, 0.1g conductive carbon black, 0.1g polytetrafluoroethylene to 2ml of N-methylpyrrolidone solution, fully grind to obtain a uniform slurry; then apply the slurry evenly to the carbon-coated aluminum foil Surface (ie, positive electrode current collector) and vacuum dried. The dried electrode sheet was cut into a 10 mm-diameter disc, which was used as a positive electrode after compaction.
  • Battery assembly In an inert gas-protected glove box, the above-mentioned prepared positive electrode, gel polymer electrolyte, and negative electrode are closely stacked in sequence, and then the above-mentioned stacked portion is packaged into a button-type case to complete battery assembly.
  • the preparation process of the sodium-based dual ion battery of Example 2-11 and Example 1 is the same as that of the carbon material in the positive electrode active material used in the preparation of the positive electrode. All other steps and materials used are the same.
  • the energy storage performance of the sodium-based dual ion battery was tested and compared with the performance of Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Example 12 Except for the conductive agent and binder used in the preparation process of the sodium-based dual-ion battery of Examples 12-17 and Example 1, and the ratio thereof, all other steps and materials used are the same, while Example 12- The energy storage performance of the sodium-based dual ion battery of 17 was tested and compared with the performance of Example 1 of the present invention.
  • the organic electrolyte solvents used in Examples 12-17 and the energy storage performance based on the battery are specifically shown in the table 2.
  • Table 2 Performance parameter table of sodium-based dual ion batteries of Examples 12-17 of the present invention
  • the energy storage performance of the dual ion battery was tested and compared with the performance of Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Table 3 For the organic electrolyte solvents used in Examples 18-29 and the energy storage performance based on the battery, see Table 3 for details.
  • Table 3 Performance parameter table of sodium-based dual ion batteries of Examples 18-29 of the present invention
  • Example 1 The preparation process of the sodium-based dual ion battery of Examples 30-38 and Example 1 is different from the materials used for the sodium salt of the electrolyte in the organic electrolyte. All other steps and materials used are the same. The energy storage performance was tested and compared with the performance of Example 1 of the present invention. For the electrolytes in the organic electrolytes used in Examples 30-38 and the energy storage performance based on batteries, see Table 4 for details.
  • Table 4 Performance parameter table of sodium-based dual ion batteries of Examples 30-38 of the present invention
  • Table 5 Performance parameter table of sodium-based dual ion batteries of Examples 39-44 of the present invention
  • Example 1 The preparation process of the sodium-based dual ion battery of Examples 70-79 and Example 1 except that the inorganic additive used in the solid polymer matrix in the organic gel polymer electrolyte is different, all other steps and materials used are the same, and the implementation of The energy storage performance of sodium-based dual ion batteries of Examples 70-79 was tested and compared with the performance of Example 1 of the present invention.
  • the solid polymer matrix inorganic additives used in Examples 70-79 and their battery-based energy storage See Table 8 for performance details.
  • Table 8 Performance parameter table of sodium-based dual ion batteries of Examples 70-79 of the present invention
  • Example number Inorganic ceramic materials Energy density (Wh/kg) Specific capacity (mAh/g) 70 Silica 172 89 71 Titanium dioxide 176 91 72 Zirconia 184 97 73 Iron oxide 192 99 74 Boron nitride 190 96 75 Silicon carbide 186 94 76 Gibbsite 193 97 77 Tungsten trioxide 182 91
  • Table 9 Performance parameter table of sodium-based dual ion batteries of Examples 80-83 of the present invention
  • Example 1 It can be known from Example 1 that the sodium ion gel polymer electrolyte provided by the present invention is used as a replacement for ionic liquids and separators, and uses metal tin foil as a negative electrode active material and current collector to expand graphite that can be inserted and released reversibly.
  • the material is a new type of dual-ion battery with positive electrode active material, which can provide higher capacity and good safety performance.
  • Example 2-11 as compared with Example 1, the active material used in the positive electrode is different, and the electrochemical performance of the resulting quasi-solid dual ion battery will be different.
  • the specific capacity of the quasi-solid dual ion battery obtained by using expanded graphite as the positive electrode active material is higher than that of the dual ion battery obtained by other carbon materials.
  • Example 12-17 compared with Example 1, the types and proportions of the conductive agents and binders used in the positive electrode material are different, and the obtained quasi-solid dual-ion battery has a certain difference in electrochemical performance. It can be seen that the quasi-solid tin-graphite dual ion battery obtained by adding 10 wt.% of conductive carbon black as a conductive agent and 10 wt.% of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder to the cathode material has the best electrochemical performance.
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the organic electrolyte used in Examples 18-29 is different, and the resulting quasi-solid dual ion battery has different electrochemical performance. It can be seen that the organic electrolyte solvent has the same electrochemical performance as the dual ion battery. Certain influence.
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the sodium salt used in the organic electrolyte is different between Examples 30-38, and the obtained quasi-solid tin-graphite dual ion battery has a certain difference in electrochemical performance. It can be seen that the quasi-solid tin-graphite dual ion battery obtained by using sodium hexafluorophosphate as the sodium salt has the best electrochemical performance.
  • Example 39-44 Compared with Example 1, the organic electrolyte concentration of Examples 39-44 is different, and the electrochemical performance of the obtained quasi-solid dual ion battery is somewhat different. When the electrolyte concentration is 1mol/L, the specific capacity of the dual ion battery is the highest .
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1, compared with Example 1, the gel polymer membranes made of different organic polymers have large differences in the electrochemical performance of the obtained quasi-solid two-ion battery, and vinylidene fluoride-polyethylene is used as the organic Polymer, the specific capacity of the dual-ion battery is the highest.
  • Example 2 Compared with Example 1, the solvent of the prepared gel polymer film is different from Examples 56-69, and the electrochemical performance of the obtained quasi-solid two-ion battery will be different.
  • Choose acetone: ethanol (m:m) 5:1 is used as a solvent, and the obtained quasi-solid dual ion battery has the best electrochemical performance.
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1, compared with Example 1, the inorganic ceramic material of the prepared gel polymer film is different, and the obtained quasi-solid two-ion battery has a large difference in electrochemical performance.
  • Aluminum oxide is used as the inorganic ceramic material.
  • the obtained quasi-solid tin-graphite dual ion battery has the highest specific capacity.
  • Example 80-83 compared with Example 1, the ratio of the added inorganic ceramic material and organic polymer is different, the electrochemical performance of the resulting quasi-solid two-ion battery will be different, when the inorganic additives and organic polymer When the ratio is 1:16 (m:m), the dual-ion battery has the highest specific capacity.
  • the shape of the novel dual ion battery involved in the present invention is not limited to the button type, but can also be designed into a flat plate type, a cylindrical type, a lamination type, etc. according to the core component.
  • the separator and electrolyte of the sodium-based dual ion battery proposed by the present invention are mainly provided and replaced by a gel polymer electrolyte.
  • a solid sodium ion battery with sodium flakes as the negative electrode and Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 as the positive electrode, polymer PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 , Na 3 V 2 ( PO 4) 3 and homogeneous composite electrode paste consisting of Super-p applied on the side of Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12, and with Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 co-firing, the solid electrolyte and the positive electrode obtained Integration, adding a small amount of electrolyte to assemble it into a battery.
  • polymer PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 Na 3 V 2 ( PO 4) 3
  • homogeneous composite electrode paste consisting of Super-p applied on the side of Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12, and with Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 co-firing, the solid electrolyte and the positive electrode obtained Integration, adding a small amount of electrolyte to assemble it into a battery.
  • the specific discharge capacity was 81.6mAh g -1 for the first time at 0.2C rate. After 30 cycles, there was a specific capacity of 62.23mAh g -1 .
  • Comparative Example 1 has poorer electrochemical performance (such as rate performance, long cycle performance, etc.) compared to the examples of the present invention, and the preparation method is more complicated.
  • a sodium-based dual-ion battery includes a negative electrode, a separator, an electrolyte, and a positive electrode.
  • the positive electrode material is expanded graphite
  • the negative electrode material is tin
  • the separator is glass fiber, and the others are the same as in Example 1.
  • Comparative Example 2 is inferior in safety compared with the embodiment of the present invention, and its electrochemical performance is also inferior to the dual ion battery of the embodiment of the present invention.

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Abstract

一种有机凝胶聚合物电解液、制备方法、应用、钠基双离子电池及其制备方法，属于储能器件技术领域。该有机凝胶聚合物电解液（3），包括固态聚合物基质和有机电解液；其中，所述固体聚合物基质包括有机聚合物和无机添加剂；所述有机电解液包括钠盐和有机溶剂。以有机和无机材料共存的刚柔并济的有机凝胶聚合物电解液替代传统电池中的液态电解液和隔膜，在保证包含其电池的电化学性能的前提下，提高了电池的安全性能，拓宽了双离子电池的应用领域，为未来可穿戴电子设备领域的储能设备带来新的设计机会，且不使用隔膜和保护电路，实现了电池的低成本。

Description

有机凝胶聚合物电解液、制备方法、应用、钠基双离子电池及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于储能器件技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种有机凝胶聚合物电解液、制备方法、应用、钠基双离子电池及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前国内外的电池大部分采用的是液态电解质，液态有机电解质容易泄露，且在高温下易发生爆炸而造成安全事故，无法应用在一些对安全性能要求高的场合。使用固体电解质或者凝胶聚合物作为电解质的固态和准固态电池因其相比液态电解质具有低燃性，高安全性而受到人们的广泛关注。然而，全固态电池的离子电导率较低，因此仍处于初级研发阶段，因此具有较高离子电导率的准固态电池受到人们的青睐。
双离子电池是一种新型的储能器件，其工作原理有别于传统锂离子电池，充电过程中，正极石墨发生阴离子插层反应，而负极则与电解液中的阳离子发生反应，放电过程则相反。这种新型反应机理不仅显著提高了电池的工作电压，同时大幅度降低电池的体积和质量，从而全面提升了电池的能量密度。钠元素比锂元素的储存量相对丰富，并且钠的氧化还原电位与锂相当，因此开发基于钠离子的双离子电池具有潜在的应用价值。另外一方面，位于第六主族的锡已经被报道作为基于钠离子的双离子的负极材料，如文献(A Novel Tin-Graphite Dual-Ion Battery Based on Sodium-Ion Electrolyte with High Energy Density)中报道了以锡金属为负极和集流体，以膨胀石墨作为正极材料，以NaPF 6为电解液,证明了锡和钠在室温条件下形成合金,可以在室温下进行可逆充放电。但是，基于液态电解液的双离子电池因电解液在高电压下的分解导致其循环稳定性较差。此外，液态电解液中的溶剂易于共插层到正极石墨中，造成石墨正极在循环过程中的剥离。目前，使用离子液体作为电解液和使 用复合材料作为电极材料是两种提升双离子电池循环性能的解决方案。而开发凝胶电解质也是另一种可以提升循环稳定性的方案。
现有的钠基双离子电池采用的大都是液态有机电解液，以玻璃纤维作为隔膜，然而液态有机电解液易发生泄露且在高温下易发生爆炸而引发安全事故，无法应用在一些对安全性能要求高的场合，即存在安全性差、应用场合受限，影响电池性能等问题。
鉴于此，特提出本发明。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种有机凝胶聚合物电解液，在保证包含该电解液的电池的电化学性能的前提下，提高了电池的安全性能，能够克服上述问题或者至少部分地解决上述技术问题。
本发明的第二目的在于提供一种有机凝胶聚合物电解液的制备方法，工艺简单，容易操作，成本低。
本发明的第三目的在于提供一种有机凝胶聚合物电解液同时作为电解液和隔膜在钠基双离子电池中的应用，将该有机凝胶聚合物电解液应用在钠基双离子电池中，电池的电化学性能好，安全性能得到有效提升，并且可以不使用隔膜和保护电路，降低了电池的成本。
本发明的第四目的在于提供一种钠基双离子电池，具有能量密度高、安全性能高、成本低等特点。
本发明的第五目的在于提供一种钠基双离子电池的制备方法，工艺简单，制作成本低。
本发明的第六目的在于提供一种包含钠基双离子电池的电子装置、电动工具、电动车辆或电力储存系统。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
根据本发明的一个方面，本发明提供一种有机凝胶聚合物电解液，包括固态聚合物基质和有机电解液；
其中，所述固体聚合物基质包括有机聚合物和无机添加剂；
所述有机电解液包括钠盐和有机溶剂。
作为进一步优选技术方案，所述固体聚合物基质中，有机聚合物与无机添加剂的质量比为10～50:1，优选为15～20:1，进一步优选为16:1；
优选地，所述有机电解液中，钠盐的浓度为0.1～10mol/L，优选为0.5～1.5mol/L，进一步优选为1.0mol/L。
作为进一步优选技术方案，所述有机聚合物包括偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、聚氯乙烯、聚氧乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚甲基苯烯酸甲酯、聚酰胺、聚已二醇、聚氨酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚苯乙烯、聚丁二烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚硫橡胶、丁苯橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物或乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物中的至少一种，优选为偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物；
优选地，所述无机添加剂为无机陶瓷材料，优选所述无机陶瓷材料包括金属氧化物、非金属氧化物或粘土中的至少一种，进一步优选所述无机陶瓷材料包括氧化钛、四氮化三硅、碳化硅、氮化硼、氧化铝、氧化硅、氧化锆、氧化镍、氧化锶、氧化铁、氧化钒、氧化钡、三氧化钨、高岭土、膨润土、硅铝酸盐、水铝英石、石酯或尹来石中的至少一种，进一步优选所述无机陶瓷材料为纳米氧化铝；
优选地，所述钠盐包括六氟磷酸钠、四氟硼酸钠、双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺钠、双氟磺酰亚胺钠、氯化钠、硫酸钠、硫代硫酸钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、硝酸钠、氟化钠、苯酚钠、丁酸钠、草酸钠、丁二酸钠、水杨酸钠、碘乙酸钠、高氯酸钠、肌氨酸钠、辛基硫酸钠、六氟磷酸钠、硅酸钠、甲基二黄酸钠、醋酸钠、1，5-萘二磺酸钠、重铬酸钠、硫氰酸钠、苯亚磺酸钠、透明质酸钠或烯丙基磺酸钠中的至少一种，优选为六氟磷酸钠；
优选地，所述有机溶剂包括酯类、砜类、醚类、腈类或离子液体中的至少一种，优选包括碳酸丙烯酯、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲乙酯、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、氟代碳酸乙烯酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、γ-丁内酯、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、1,3-二氧环戊烷、4-甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、二甲氧甲烷、1,2-二甲氧丙烷、三乙二醇二甲醚、二甲基砜、二甲醚、亚硫酸乙烯酯、 亚硫酸丙烯脂、亚硫酸二甲脂、亚硫酸二乙脂、冠醚(12-冠-4)、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑-六氟磷酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑-四氟硼酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐、1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑-六氟磷酸盐、1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑-四氟硼酸盐、1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐、1-丁基-1-甲基咪唑-六氟磷酸盐、1-丁基-1-甲基咪唑-四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-1-甲基咪唑-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐、N-丁基-N-甲基吡咯烷-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐、1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐、N-甲基-N-丙基吡咯烷-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐、N-甲,丙基哌啶-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐或N-甲,丁基哌啶-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐中的至少一种，优选为碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸二甲酯和碳酸二乙酯的混合物。
根据本发明的另一个方面，本发明提供一种有机凝胶聚合物电解液的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将有机聚合物、无机添加剂和溶剂混合，加热，得到固体聚合物基质；将钠盐和有机溶剂混合，得到有机电解液；
将固体聚合物基质放入有机电解液中，得到所述有机凝胶聚合物电解液；优选地，所述溶剂包括水、醇类、酮类、酸类、砜类、苯类、卤化物、氨类或液体氧化物中的至少一种，优选所述溶剂包括乙醇、丙酮、二甲基亚砜、乙腈、氯仿、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、乙二胺、水、甲醇、甲酸、硫酸、苯、二硫化碳、四氯化碳、液氨、柠檬酸、氟化氢、液态二氧化碳、液态二氧化硫、硫酰氯、水合肼、异丙醇中的至少一种，进一步优选所述溶剂为乙醇和丙酮的混合物；
优选地，乙醇和丙醇的质量比为1:1～10，优选为1:4～6，进一步优选为1:5；
优选地，将所述固体聚合物基质制成膜片，然后放入有机电解液中。
根据本发明的另一个方面，本发明提供一种上述的有机凝胶聚合物电解液同时作为电解液和隔膜在钠基双离子电池中的应用。
根据本发明的另一个方面，本发明提供一种钠基双离子电池，包括正极、负极以及介于正极和负极之间的上述的有机凝胶聚合物电解液。
作为进一步优选技术方案，所述负极为能够与钠离子合金化的金属、金属合金或金属复合物；
优选地，所述负极包括锡、铜、铁、镍、钛、铝、锌、锰、铅、锑、镉、金、铋或锗中任意一种的金属；或，至少包含锡、铜、铁、镍、钛、铝、锌、锰、铅、锑、镉、金、铋或锗中任意一种的合金；或，至少包含锡、铜、铁、镍、钛、铝、锌、锰、铅、锑、镉、金、铋或锗中任意一种的金属复合物；
优选地，所述负极为锡、锡合金或含锡的复合物。
作为进一步优选技术方案，所述正极包括正极集流体和正极材料，正极材料包括正极材料活性物质，正极材料活性物质为能够可逆地嵌入、脱嵌钠盐阴离子的层状材料；
优选地，所述正极材料活性物质为石墨类材料，优选所述石墨类材料包括中间相碳微球石墨、天然石墨、膨胀石墨、玻璃碳、碳碳复合材料、碳纤维、硬碳、高取向石墨、炭黑、碳纳米管或石墨烯中的至少一种，进一步优选为膨胀石墨；
优选地，所述正极材料包括60～95wt％的正极材料活性物质、2～30wt％的导电剂和3～10wt％的粘结剂。
根据本发明的另一个方面，本发明提供一种钠基双离子电池的制备方法，将负极、有机凝胶聚合物电解液以及正极进行组装，得到钠基双离子电池。
根据本发明的另一个方面，本发明提供一种包含以上所述的钠基双离子电池的电子装置、电动工具、电动车辆或电力储存系统。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
1、本发明提供的有机凝胶聚合物电解液包括固态聚合物基质和有机电解液，其中，固体聚合物基质包括有机聚合物和无机添加剂。即，本发明以有机和无机材料共存的刚柔并济的有机凝胶聚合物电解液替代传统电池中的液态电解液和隔膜，在保证包含其电池的电化学性能的前提下，提高了电池的安全性能，拓宽了双离子电池的应用领域，为未 来可穿戴电子设备领域的储能设备带来新的设计机会，且不使用隔膜和保护电路，实现了电池的低成本。
2、本发明的钠基双离子电池为准固态双离子电池，使用有机凝胶聚合物电解液代替传统的电解液和隔膜，不使用隔膜和保护电路，从而提高了电池电芯内部的空间利用率，提高了电池的能量密度，使得电池的安全性能得到有效提升，降低了电池成本，具有能量密度高、安全性能高的特性，应用范围更广，尤其是为未来可穿戴电子设备领域的储能设备带来新的设计机会。并且，包含本发明的钠基双离子电池的电子装置、电动工具、电动车辆或电力储存系统，至少具有与上述钠基双离子电池相同的优势。
3、本发明的有机凝胶聚合物电解液，有利于提高电池的电化学性能，提高了电池的使用寿命和使用安全性，缓解了现有的电解液易挥发、易燃、易爆而带来的安全问题。
4、本发明的电池制备工艺简单，降低了电池成本，过程安全，环境友好，高效可控，易于实现大规模工业化生产。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明一种实施方式提供的钠基双离子电池结构示意图。
图标：1-负极；2-正极活性材料；3-有机凝胶聚合物电解液；4-正极集流体。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施方式和实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述，但是本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施方式和实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限制本发明的范围。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
第一方面，在至少一个实施例中提供一种有机凝胶聚合物电解液，包括固态聚合物基质和有机电解液；
其中，所述固体聚合物基质包括有机聚合物和无机添加剂；
所述有机电解液包括钠盐和有机溶剂。
鉴于现有的液态电解质存在应用安全性较差、应用场合受限、影响电池性能等问题，开发新型的凝胶电解质成为能够缓解上述问题的有效方案。如先进技术研究院唐永炳团队报道了一篇文献(A Flexible Dual-Ion Battery Based on PVDF-HFP-Modified Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Excellent Cycling Performance and Superior Rate Capability)成功研发出一种基于改性凝胶聚合物电解质的高效柔性双离子电池。以铝箔作为负极和集流体，以膨胀石墨作为正极材料，以PVDF-HFP、聚氧化乙烯(PEO)与氧化石墨烯(GO)共掺杂得到凝胶电解质，将其浸泡在锂盐电解液中获得凝胶聚合物电解液。基于该凝胶聚合物电解液的双离子电池具有优异的倍率性能和循环稳定性，且电池具有良好的柔韧性和热稳定性，为高效柔性双离子电池在可穿戴电子设备等领域具有广阔的应用前景。但是该凝胶聚合物电解质主要应用在锂基双离子电池中。
基于此，并鉴于目前国内外对于准固态钠基双离子电池的研究非常之少，本发明提供了一种新型的适用于准固态钠基双离子电池的有机凝胶聚合物电解液。
该新型有机和无机陶瓷材料共存的刚柔并济的有机凝胶聚合物电解液，用其替代钠基双离子电池中的液体电解液和隔膜，在保证其电池的电化学性能的前提下，提高了电池的安全性能，为未来可穿戴电子设 备领域的储能设备带来新的设计机会，且不使用隔膜和保护电路，实现电池的低成本。
需要说明的是：
有机聚合物可以是具有交联凝结结构的物质，与无机添加剂和溶剂混合形成固体聚合物基质或固体膜或称有机凝胶聚合物膜。
无机添加剂可以是粉末或颗粒状的无机材料，对无机添加剂的具体类型没有特殊限制，只要能与有机聚合物和溶剂混合形成固体聚合物基质或固体膜或称有机凝胶聚合物膜，不对本发明的目的产生限制即可。
钠离子和阴离子双离子均来源于钠盐，对钠盐没有特别限定，采用公知的钠盐即可。
有机溶剂也可称为非水溶剂，指除水以外的溶剂。有机溶剂可以使电解质钠盐离解成钠离子和阴离子，且阳离子和阴离子可以自由迁移。
在一种优选的实施方式中，所述固体聚合物基质中，有机聚合物与无机添加剂的质量比为10～50:1，优选为15～20:1，进一步优选为16:1。
根据本发明，固体聚合物基质中，有机聚合物与无机添加剂的质量比典型但非限制性的例如为10:1、11:1、12:1、13:1、14:1、15:1、16:1、17:1、18:1、19:1、20:1、30:1、40:1或50:1。
[有机聚合物]
在本发明实施例中，凝胶聚合物电解液中的有机聚合物选自偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物(PVDF-HFP)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚氧化乙烯(PEO)、聚丙烯腈(PAN)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚酰胺(Nylon)、聚已二醇(Polyether)、聚氨酯(Polyurethane)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚丁二烯(PB)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、聚硫橡胶(LP)、丁苯橡胶(SBR)、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)中的一种或几种。
优选地，所述凝胶有机聚合物为偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物(PVDF-HFP)。
[无机添加剂]
在本发明实施例中，凝胶聚合物电解液中的固体聚合物加入的无机添加剂优选为无机陶瓷材料，无机陶瓷材料选自金属氧化物、非金属氧化物以及粘土中的一种或几种。优选地，无机陶瓷材料包括氧化钛、四氮化三硅、碳化硅、氮化硼、三氧化二铝、氧化硅、氧化锆、氧化镍、氧化锶、氧化铁、氧化钒、氧化钡、三氧化钨、高岭土、膨润土、硅铝酸盐、水铝英石、石酯、尹来石的一种或几种。
优选地，无机陶瓷材料为纳米氧化铝。
[溶剂]
根据本发明的实施例，在制备固体聚合物基质过程中，需要加入溶剂，而后溶剂挥发得到包含有机聚合物和无机添加剂的固体聚合物基质。该溶剂可以是能与有机聚合物和无机添加剂混合形成固体聚合物基质或膜液或称有机凝胶聚合物膜任何液态物质，对于溶剂的具体类型没有特殊限制，只要不对本发明的目的产生限制即可。
在本发明实施例中，凝胶聚合物电解液中的固体聚合物所用溶剂选自乙醇、丙酮、二甲基亚砜、乙腈、氯仿、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、乙二胺、水、甲醇、甲酸、硫酸、苯、二硫化碳、四氯化碳、液氨、柠檬酸、氟化氢、液态二氧化碳、液态二氧化硫、硫酰氯、水合肼、异丙醇等的一种或几种。
优选地，所述溶剂为乙醇和丙酮的混合溶剂，且乙醇和丙酮的质量比例范围为1:1～1:10，优选为1:4～6，进一步优选为1:5。
优选地，将有机聚合物、无机添加剂、乙醇和丙醇混合制成膜液的质量比为(10～20)：(0.5～2)：(40～55)：(220～240),优选为(15～18)：1：(46～50)：(230～238)，进一步优选为16:1：48:236。
在一种优选的实施方式中，所述有机电解液中，钠盐的浓度为0.1～10mol/L，优选为0.5～1.5mol/L，进一步优选为1.0mol/L。
根据本发明，有机电解液中，钠盐的浓度典型但非限制性的例如为0.1mol/L、0.5mol/L、1mol/L、1.5mol/L、2mol/L、3mol/L、4mol/L、5mol/L、6mol/L、7mol/L、8mol/L、9mol/L或10mol/L。
[钠盐]
在本发明实施例中，作为凝胶聚合物电解液中有机电解液的电解质钠盐也没有特别限制，只要可以离解成钠离子和阴离子即可，例如可以选自四氟硼酸钠、双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺钠、双氟磺酰亚胺钠、氯化钠、硫酸钠、硫代硫酸钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、硝酸钠、氟化钠、苯酚钠、丁酸钠、草酸钠、丁二酸钠、水杨酸钠、碘乙酸钠、高氯酸钠、肌氨酸钠、辛基硫酸钠、六氟磷酸钠、硅酸钠、甲基二黄酸钠、醋酸钠、1，5-萘二磺酸钠、重铬酸钠、硫氰酸钠、苯亚磺酸钠、透明质酸钠、烯丙基磺酸钠中的一种或几种。
优选地，钠盐的浓度范围为0.1～10mol/L。
优选地，所述电解质钠盐为六氟磷酸钠。
[有机溶剂]
在本发明实施例中，凝胶聚合物电解液中的有机电解液溶剂没有特别限制，只要溶剂可以使钠盐离解成钠离子和阴离子，且阳离子和阴离子可以自由迁移即可。例如，本发明实施例中，有机电解液溶剂选自酯类、砜类、醚类、腈类或离子液体等有机溶剂的一种或几种。
优选地，所述有机溶剂选自碳酸丙烯酯(PC)、碳酸乙烯酯(EC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)、甲酸甲酯(MF)、乙酸甲酯(MA)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)、氟代碳酸乙烯酯(FEC)、丙酸甲酯(MP)、丙酸乙酯(EP)、乙酸乙酯(EA)、γ-丁内酯(GBL)、四氢呋喃(THF)、2-甲基四氢呋喃(2MeTHF)、1,3-二氧环戊烷(DOL)、4-甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷(4MeDOL)、二甲氧甲烷(DMM)、1,2-二甲氧丙烷(DMP)、三乙二醇二甲醚(DG)、二甲基砜(MSM)、二甲醚(DME)、亚硫酸乙烯酯(ES)、亚硫酸丙烯脂(PS)、亚硫酸二甲脂(DMS)、亚硫酸二乙脂(DES)、冠醚(12-冠-4)、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑-六氟磷酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑-四氟硼酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐、1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑-六氟磷酸盐、1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑-四氟硼酸盐、1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐、1-丁基-1-甲基咪唑-六氟磷酸盐、1-丁基-1-甲基咪唑-四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-1-甲基咪唑-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐、N-丁基-N-甲基吡咯烷-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐、1-丁基-1- 甲基吡咯烷-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐、N-甲基-N-丙基吡咯烷-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐、N-甲,丙基哌啶-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐、N-甲,丁基哌啶-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐中的一种或几种。
优选地，有机溶剂为碳酸乙烯酯(EC)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)和碳酸二乙酯(DEC)的混合物。
优选地，碳酸乙烯酯(EC)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)和碳酸二乙酯(DEC)的体积比为1:1:1(v：v：v)。
优选地，所述固体聚合物基质的形态呈膜片状。
采用上述特定的有机聚合物、无机添加剂、溶剂、钠盐和有机溶剂，以及在上述特定的比例范围内的有机聚合物、无机添加剂、溶剂、钠盐和有机溶剂得到的有机凝胶聚合物电解液具有较好的导电性以及导离子性能，且体系机械强度和柔性均较好，具有更好的安全性。
第二方面，在至少一个实施例中提供一种有机凝胶聚合物电解液的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将有机聚合物、无机添加剂和溶剂混合，加热，得到固体聚合物基质；将钠盐和有机溶剂混合，得到有机电解液；
将固体聚合物基质放入有机电解液中，得到所述有机凝胶聚合物电解液。
上述制备方法操作简便，容易实现，成本低廉，并且制得的有机凝胶聚合物电解液性能优异。
优选地，所述溶剂包括水、醇类、酮类、酸类、砜类、苯类、卤化物、氨类或液体氧化物中的至少一种，优选所述溶剂包括乙醇、丙酮、二甲基亚砜、乙腈、氯仿、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、乙二胺、水、甲醇、甲酸、硫酸、苯、二硫化碳、四氯化碳、液氨、柠檬酸、氟化氢、液态二氧化碳、液态二氧化硫、硫酰氯、水合肼、异丙醇中的至少一种，进一步优选所述溶剂为乙醇和丙酮的混合物；
优选地，乙醇和丙醇的质量比为1:1～10，优选为1:4～6，进一步优选为1:5；
优选地，将有机聚合物、无机添加剂、乙醇和丙醇混合制成膜液的质量比为(10～20)：(0.5～2)：(40～55)：(220～240),优选为(15～18)：1：(46～50)：(230～238)，进一步优选为16:1：48:236。
优选地，将所述固体聚合物基质制成膜片，然后放入有机电解液中。
优选地，所述方法包括：
将有机聚合物、无机添加剂和溶剂混合，加热熔融形成均匀制膜液，然后用刮刀将制膜液刮涂在玻璃板上，然后真空干燥，获得有机凝胶聚合物膜，即固体聚合物基质；
将钠盐和有机溶剂混合，得到有机电解液；
将制得的固体聚合物基质浸润在有机电解液中，得到所述有机凝胶聚合物电解液。
示例性的，该有机凝胶聚合物电解液的制备包括：称取一定量的偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(PVDF-HFP)加入到一定比例的乙醇和丙酮溶剂中，再加入一定量的纳米氧化铝，在60℃下加热搅拌成均匀的混合成膜液，然后在玻璃板上进行刮涂成膜，将该膜放入80℃真空干燥箱内真空干燥12h后取出裁成直径为16mm的圆片，放入1molNaPF 6(溶剂为EC:DMC:EMC(v:v:v＝1:1:1))的电解液中备用。
第三方面，在至少一个实施例中提供一种所述的有机凝胶聚合物电解液同时作为电解液和隔膜在钠基双离子电池中的应用。
钠基双离子电池是以钠离子作为传输介质的双离子电池，结合了钠离子电池和双离子电池的优点。
将上述机凝胶聚合物电解液同时作为电解液和隔膜应用于钠基双离子电池中能够提高电池循环稳定性和寿命，在室温下电池仍能保持很好的导电性和导离子的性能，提高电池的安全性能，并且可以不使用额外的隔膜和保护电路，降低了电池的成本。
第四方面，在至少一个实施例中提供一种钠基双离子电池，包括正极、负极以及介于正极和负极之间的有机凝胶聚合物电解液。
钠基双离子准固态电池通过使用本发明的有机凝胶聚合物电解液，至少具有与上述有机凝胶聚合物电解液相同的优势。
在一种优选的实施方式中，正极采用石墨材料，负极采用金属导电材料，以有机和无机陶瓷材料共存的刚柔并济的凝胶聚合物电解液替代传统电池中的液态电解液和隔膜。本发明的双离子电池具有能量密度高、安全性能高的特性，为未来可穿戴电子设备领域的储能设备带来新的设计机会。
本发明所制备的钠基双离子电池例如准固态锡-石墨双离子电池，采用的是以有机凝胶聚合物电解液替代传统的液态有机电解液和隔膜，所制备的有机和无机陶瓷材料共存的刚柔并济的凝胶聚合物电解液由聚合物、有机溶剂和钠盐等组成。有机凝胶聚合物电解液是通过将有机电解液与固态聚合物基质混合制得。尽管以固态膜的形式存在，但电解液被限制在聚合物链中。本发明以PVDF-HFP为骨架，添加一定质量百分数的纳米氧化铝，以丙酮和乙醇作为溶剂，加热熔融形成均匀制膜液，然后用刮刀将制膜液刮涂在玻璃板上，然后真空干燥获得有机凝胶聚合物膜，最后将凝胶聚合物膜浸润在钠盐的电解液中制得有机凝胶聚合物电解液。使用有机和无机陶瓷材料共存的刚柔并济的凝胶聚合物电解液装配双离子电池得到钠基双离子电池例如准固态锡-石墨双离子电池。
在一种优选的实施方式中，电池以碳材料作为正极材料，以锡金属单质材料作为负极材料，以有机和无机陶瓷材料共存的刚柔并济凝胶聚合物电解液代替传统电池中的液态电解液和隔膜，进而缓解现有的电池的安全性能低的缺点。
图1为本发明一种实施方式提供的钠基双离子电池结构示意图，参照图1，该双离子电池包括包括：负极(1)、有机凝胶聚合物电解液(3)、正极活性材料(2)、正极集流体(4)，以及用于封装的电池壳体。负极(1)包括负极集流体和负极活性材料；负极(1)也可以为金属箔片；既充当负极集流体，又是电池负极活性物质。有机凝胶聚合物电解液(3)为有机电解液与固态聚合物基质混合制得。电池正极活性材料(2)为可以与钠离子形成合金发生氧化还原反应的活性物质；正极集流体(4)即金属箔片。
本发明实施例提供的钠基双离子电池例如准固态锡-石墨双离子电池工作原理为：充电过程中，凝胶聚合物电解液中的钠离子与负极材料锡金属反应，生成钠锡合金，同时凝胶聚合物电解液中的阴离子会插层到正极石墨中；放电过程中，钠锡合金脱钠，钠离子回到凝胶聚合物电解液中，同时石墨中插层阴离子回到凝胶聚合物电解液中。在该过程中，使用凝胶聚合物电解液，一定程度上提升了电池的安全性能，且不用使用隔膜和保护电路，降低了成本。
[负极]
钠基双离子电池的负极为能够与钠离子合金化的金属、金属合金或金属复合物。
“能够与钠离子合金化的金属、金属合金或金属复合物”是指能够与有机凝胶聚合物电解液中钠离子合金化的金属、能够与有机凝胶聚合物电解液中钠离子合金化的合金或能够与有机凝胶聚合物电解液中钠离子合金化的金属复合物。
这里的金属只要能够与钠形成合金即可，不限制金属的种类。
典型但非限制性的金属为锡、铜、铁、镍、钛、铝、锌、锰、铅、锑、镉、金、铋或锗等。
合金是指能够与钠形成合金的金属与其他一种或几种金属形成的合金。
典型但非限制性的合金为铁锡合金、铜锡合金、钛铝合金或钛镁合金等。
金属复合物是指能够与钠形成合金的金属与其他非金属材料结合所形成的金属基复合材料。典型但非限制性的金属复合物包括石墨烯-金属复合物、碳纤维-金属复合物和陶瓷-金属复合物等。
典型但非限制性的金属复合物为锡/石墨烯复合物、锡/聚苯胺复合物等。
优选地将上述能够与钠离子合金化的金属、金属合金或金属复合物制成箔片使用，作为钠基双离子有机固态电池的负极以及集流体。
优选地，所述负极为锡、锡合金或含锡的复合物。
可以理解的是，所述双离子电池负极包括负极集流体和负极活性物质材料层，优选以单质金属锡充当。
采用能够与钠离子合金化的金属、合金或金属复合物作为钠基双离子准固态电池的负极集流体及负极材料(充当负极活性材料和负极集流体的双重作用)，不仅起到导电作用还作为与钠离子反应的活性材料，一体化设计省略了一种要素，节省了一个部件的体积和重量，降低电池的重量和体积，金属材料储量丰富、价格低廉、环境友好，降低电池制造成本，金属与钠的合金化/去合金化反应过程可以提供更高的比容量和能量密度。
[正极]
钠基双离子电池的正极包括正极集流体和正极材料，正极材料包括正极材料活性物质，正极材料活性物质为能够可逆地嵌入、脱嵌钠盐阴离子的层状材料。
对于正极活性材料，通过阴离子的可逆插嵌和脱嵌以得到高容量，充电时，阴离子从有机凝胶聚合物电解液中插入正极材料的晶格内，放电时，阴离子从正极材料内脱出，通过插层反应实现储能。
在一种优选的实施方式中，所述正极活性材料为石墨类材料，包括中间相碳微球石墨、天然石墨、膨胀石墨、玻璃碳、碳复合材料、碳纤维、硬碳、高取向石墨、炭黑、碳纳米管、石墨烯中的一种或几种。
优选地，所述正极活性材料为膨胀石墨。
优选的，本发明实施例提供的正极活性材料层还包括导电剂以及粘结剂，其中正极活性材料的份量为60～95wt.％，导电剂的含量为2～30wt.％，粘结剂的含量为3～10wt.％。采用特定百分含量的正极材料活性物质、导电剂和粘结剂得到的正极材料综合性能好，能很好地发挥正极材料在钠基双离子电池中的作用。
同时，导电剂和粘结剂没有特别的限制，采用本领域常用的即可。导电剂为导电炭黑、导电碳球、导电石墨、碳纳米管、导电碳纤维、石墨烯、还原氧化石墨烯中的一种或多种。粘结剂为聚偏氟乙烯、聚四氟 乙烯、聚乙烯醇、羧甲基纤维素、SBR橡胶、聚烯烃类中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述正极活性材料层导电剂为导电炭黑，粘结剂为聚偏氟乙烯。
在一种优选的实施方式中，所述正极集流体选自铝、锂、镁、钒、铜、铁、锡、锌、镍、钛、锰中的一种或其合金或其中任意一种金属的复合物或其中任意一种的合金。
优选地，所述正极集流体为铝箔。
钠基双离子电池的有机凝胶聚合物电解液与本发明第一方面的有机凝胶聚合物电解液的描述相同。
进一步的，所述有机凝胶聚合物电解液包括有机电解液和固态聚合物基质。其中该有机电解液包括钠盐和有机溶剂；固态聚合物基质包括有机聚合物和无机陶瓷材料以及溶剂。
在一种优选的实施方式中，钠基双离子电池还包括用于封装的壳体或外包装，例如包括电池正极壳体和电池负极壳体。
可以适当选择任意外包装而无限制，只要其具有足够的密封性能即可。
此外，本发明涉及的钠基双离子有机固态电池形态不局限于扣式型，也可根据核心成分设计成平板型、圆柱型或叠片型等形态。
第五方面，在至少一个实施例中提供一种钠基双离子电池的制备方法，将负极、有机凝胶聚合物电解液以及正极进行组装，得到钠基双离子电池。
可以理解的是，对负极、有机凝胶聚合物电解液和正极的组装方式没有特别限制，可以采用常规的组装方式进行。
钠基双离子电池的制备方法将上述负极、有机凝胶聚合物电解液正极进行组装，生产工艺简单、容易实施、成本低。
在一种优选的实施方式中，所述方法包括：
制备电池负极：将负极箔片裁成直径为12mm的圆片，并放在真空干燥箱内备用。
制备有机凝胶聚合物电解液：称取一定量的有机聚合物加入到一定比例的溶剂中，再加入一定量的无机添加剂，在60℃下加热搅拌成均匀的混合成膜液，然后在玻璃板上进行刮涂成膜，将该膜放入80℃真空干燥箱内真空干燥12h后取出裁成直径为16mm的圆片，放入1mol预先配制好的含有钠盐的有机电解液中浸泡备用。
制备正极：按一定比例称取正极活性材料、导电剂以及粘结剂，加入适当溶剂中充分混合成均匀浆料制成正极活性材料层；将正极集流体清洗干净，然后将所述正极活性材料层均匀涂覆于正极集流体表面，待所述正极活性材料层完全干燥后进行裁切，得所需尺寸的准固态锡-石墨双离子电池正极；
利用所述准固态锡-石墨双离子电池负极、凝胶聚合物电解液以及正极进行组装。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中，本发明还提供了一种准固态锡-石墨双离子电池的制备方法，该方法包括：
步骤101：制备准固态锡-石墨双离子电池负极，将锡片裁成直径为12mm圆片，在真空干燥箱内进行干燥后放入真空手套箱内备用。
步骤102：制备凝胶聚合物电解液：称取一定量钠盐加入到相应溶剂中，充分搅拌溶解后在手套向备用；称取一定量的偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(PVDF-HFP)加入到相应溶剂中，再加入一定量的纳米氧化铝，加热搅拌成均匀液体后在玻璃板上刮涂成膜，在真空干燥箱内12h后裁制成直径为16mm的圆片，放入到备用的NaPF 6电解液(溶剂为EC:DMC:EMC(v:v:v＝1:1:1))中备用。
步骤103：制备准固态锡-石墨双离子电池正极，按一定比例称取正极活性材料、导电剂以及粘结剂，加入适当溶剂中充分混合成均匀浆料制成正极活性材料层；将正极集流体清洗干净，然后将所述正极活性材料层均匀涂覆于正极集流体表面，待所述正极活性材料层完全干燥后进行裁切，得所需尺寸的电池正极。
步骤104：利用所述准固态锡-石墨双离子电池负极、凝胶聚合物电解液以及正极进行组装。
需要说明的是尽管上述步骤101-104是以特定顺序描述了本发明制备方法的操作，但是，这并非要求或者暗示必须按照该特定顺序来执行这些操作。步骤101-104的制备可以同时或者任意先后执行。
第六方面，在至少一个实施例中提供一种包含上述钠基双离子电池的电子装置、电动工具、电动车辆或电力储存系统。
上述电子装置、电动工具、电动车辆或电力储存系统包括上述钠基双离子电池，因而至少具有与上述钠基双离子电池相同的优势，具有成本低廉、能量密度高、循环性能好以及安全性高的优点，上述用电设备在相同的充放电电流以及相同环境下使用时，使用寿命更长。
需要说明的是，上述实施方式仅为本发明的优选实施方式，不能以此来限定本发明保护的范围，本领域的技术人员在本发明的基础上所做的任何非实质性的变化及替换均属于本发明所要求保护的范围。
下面通过具体的实施例进一步说明上述有机凝胶聚合物电解液、制备方法、应用、钠基双离子电池及其制备方法，但是，应当理解为，这些实施例仅仅是用于更详细地说明之用，而不应理解为用于以任何形式限制本发明。
实施例1
一种钠基双离子电池，包括正极、负极以及介于正极和负极之间的有机凝胶聚合物电解液。
钠基双离子电池的制备方法包括：
制备电池负极：将锡片裁切成直径为12mm的圆片，用乙醇对其圆片清洗后放入到真空干燥箱内真空干燥。
制备电池正极：将0.8g碳材料、0.1g导电碳黑、0.1g聚四氟乙烯加入到2ml氮甲基吡咯烷酮溶液中，充分研磨获得均匀浆料；然后将浆料均匀的涂覆于涂炭铝箔表面(即，正极集流体)并真空干燥。对干燥所得电极片裁切成直径10mm的圆片，压实后作为正极备用。
制备有机凝胶聚合物电解液：称取一定量0.503g钠盐加入到3ml碳酸乙烯酯(EC)：碳酸二甲酯(DMC)：碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)(体积比为1：1：1)，充分搅拌溶解后在手套向备用；称取0.8g的PVDF-HFP加入到 12ml乙醇和丙酮(质量比为1：5)溶剂中，再加入0.05g纳米氧化铝，加热搅拌成均匀液体后在玻璃板上刮涂成膜，在真空干燥箱内12h后裁制成直径为16mm的圆片，放入到已配好的NaPF 6电解液中备用。
电池组装：在惰性气体保护的手套箱中，将上述制备好的正极、凝胶聚合物电解液、负极依次紧密堆叠，然后将上述堆叠部分封装入扣式壳体，完成电池组装。
实施例2-11
实施例2-11与实施例1的钠基双离子电池制备过程除制备正极时使用的正极活性物质中的碳材料不同以外，其他所有步骤及使用的材料都相同，同时对实施例2-11的钠基双离子电池的能量存储性能进行测试，并与本发明实施例1的性能进行比较，实施例1和实施例2-11所使用的正极材料及其基于电池中的能量存储性能具体参见表1。
表1：实施例1-11的钠基双离子电池的性能参数表
Figure PCTCN2019123573-appb-000001
实施例12-17
实施例12-17与实施例1的钠基双离子电池制备过程除所使用的导电剂和粘结剂以及其配比不同以外，其他所有步骤及使用的材料都相 同，同时对实施例12-17的钠基双离子电池的能量存储性能进行测试，并与本发明实施例1的性能进行比较，实施例12-17所使用的有机电解液溶剂及其基于电池中的能量存储性能具体参见表2。
表2：本发明实施例12-17的钠基双离子电池的性能参数表
Figure PCTCN2019123573-appb-000002
实施例18-29
实施例18-29与实施例1的钠基双离子电池制备过程除有机电解液溶剂材料及其配比不同以外，其他所有步骤及使用的材料都相同，同时对实施例18-29的钠基双离子电池的能量存储性能进行测试，并与本发明实施例1的性能进行比较，实施例18-29所使用的有机电解液溶剂及其基于电池中的能量存储性能具体参见表3。
表3：本发明实施例18-29的钠基双离子电池的性能参数表
Figure PCTCN2019123573-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2019123573-appb-000004
实施例30-38
实施例30-38与实施例1的钠基双离子电池制备过程除有机电解液中电解质钠盐所采用的材料不同以外，其他所有步骤及使用的材料都相同，同时对实施例30-38的的能量存储性能进行测试，并与本发明实施例1的性能进行比较，实施例30-38所使用的有机电解液中电解质及其基于电池中的能量存储性能具体参见表4。
表4：本发明实施例30-38的钠基双离子电池的性能参数表
Figure PCTCN2019123573-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2019123573-appb-000006
实施例39-44
实施例39-44与实施例1的钠基双离子电池制备过程除所配有机电解液中电解质浓度不同以外，其他所有步骤及使用的材料都相同，同时对实施例39-44的钠基双离子电池的能量存储性能进行测试，并与本发明实施例1的性能进行比较，实施例39-44所使用的有机电解液中电解质浓度及其基于电池中能量存储性能具体参见表5。
表5：本发明实施例39-44的钠基双离子电池的性能参数表
Figure PCTCN2019123573-appb-000007
实施例45-55
实施例45-55与实施例1的钠基双离子电池制备过程除有机凝胶聚合物电解液中的有机聚合物不同以外，其他所有步骤及使用的材料都相同，同时对实施例45-55的钠基双离子电池的能量存储性能进行测试， 并与本发明实施例1的性能进行比较，实施例45-55所使用的有机聚合物及其能量存储性能具体参见表6。
表6：本发明实施例45-55的钠基双离子电池的性能参数表
Figure PCTCN2019123573-appb-000008
实施例56-69
实施例56-69与实施例1的钠基双离子电池制备过程除有机凝胶聚合物电解液中的固体聚合物基质所用溶剂不同以外，其他所有步骤及使用的材料都相同，同时对实施例56-69的钠基双离子电池的能量存储性能进行测试，并与本发明实施例1的性能进行比较，实施例56-69所使用的固体聚合物基质溶剂及其基于电池的能量存储性能具体参见表7。
表7：本发明实施例56-69的钠基双离子电池的性能参数表
Figure PCTCN2019123573-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2019123573-appb-000010
实施例70-79
实施例70-79与实施例1的钠基双离子电池制备过程除有机凝胶聚合物电解液中的固体聚合物基质所用无机添加剂不同以外，其他所有步骤及使用的材料都相同，同时对实施例70-79的钠基双离子电池的能量存储性能进行测试，并与本发明实施例1的性能进行比较，实施例70-79所使用的固体聚合物基质无机添加剂及其基于电池的能量存储性能具体参见表8。
表8：本发明实施例70-79的钠基双离子电池的性能参数表
实施例编号 无机陶瓷材料 能量密度(Wh/kg) 比容量(mAh/g)
70 二氧化硅 172 89
71 二氧化钛 176 91
72 氧化锆 184 97
73 氧化铁 192 99
74 氮化硼 190 96
75 碳化硅 186 94
76 水铝英石 193 97
77 三氧化钨 182 91
78 石酯 193 95
79 尹来石 194 96
1 三氧化二铝 212 114
实施例80-83
实施例80-83与实施例1的钠基双离子电池制备过程除有机凝胶聚合物电解液中的有机聚合物与无机陶瓷材料之间的比例不同以外，其他所有步骤及使用的材料都相同，同时对实施例80-83的钠基双离子电池的能量存储性能进行测试，并与本发明实施例1的性能进行比较，实施例80-83所使用的有机聚合物与无机陶瓷材料之间的比例及其基于电池能量存储性能具体参见表9。
表9：本发明实施例80-83的钠基双离子电池的性能参数表
Figure PCTCN2019123573-appb-000011
从实施例1中可以知道，本发明提供的钠离子的凝胶聚合物电解液作为代替离子液体和隔膜，以金属锡箔作为负极活性物质和集流体，以能够可逆插嵌、脱嵌的膨胀石墨材料作为正极活性物质的新型双离子电池，该双离子电池能够提供更高的容量且安全性能好。
实施例2-11与实施例1相比，正极使用的活性物质材料不同，得到的准固态双离子电池的电化学性能会有所不同。其中采用膨胀石墨作为正极活性物质得到的准固态双离子电池的比容量较其它碳材料得到的双离子电池的比容量高。
实施例12-17与实施例1相比，正极材料中使用的导电剂和粘结剂种类和所占比例不同，得到的准固态双离子电池的电化学性能有一定区别。可见，正极材料中添加10wt.％的导电炭黑作为导电剂和10wt.％的 聚偏氟乙烯作为粘合剂得到的准固态锡-石墨双离子电池的电化学性能最佳。
实施例18-29与实施例1相比，有机电解液所用溶剂不同，得到的准固态双离子电池的电化学性能有所区别，可见，有机电解液溶剂对于该双离子电池的电化学性能具有一定的影响。
实施例30-38与实施例1相比，有机电解液所用的钠盐不同，得到的准固态锡-石墨双离子电池的电化学性能有一定区别。可见，采用六氟磷酸钠作为钠盐得到的准固态锡-石墨双离子电池的电化学性能最佳。
实施例39-44与实施例1相比，有机电解液浓度不同，得到的准固态双离子电池的电化学性能有一定区别，电解液浓度为1mol/L时，该双离子电池的比容量最高。
实施例45-55与实施例1相比，所用不同有机聚合物制得的凝胶聚合物膜，得到的准固态双离子电池的电化学性能差别较大，选用偏氟乙烯-聚乙烯作为有机聚合物，该双离子电池的比容量最高。
实施例56-69与实施例1相比，所制备的凝胶聚合物膜的溶剂不同，得到的准固态双离子电池的电化学性能会有所不同，选用丙酮：乙醇(m:m)＝5：1作为溶剂，得到的准固态双离子电池的电化学性能最好。
实施例70-79与实施例1相比，所制备凝胶聚合物膜的无机陶瓷材料不同，所得到的准固态双离子电池的电化学性能差异较大，选用三氧化二铝作为无机陶瓷材料，得到的准固态锡-石墨双离子电池的比容量最高。
实施例80-83与实施例1相比，所加无机陶瓷材料与有机聚合物的比例不同，所得到的准固态双离子电池的电化学性能会有所不同，当无机添加剂与有机聚合物的比例为1：16(m:m)时，该双离子电池的比容量最高。
本发明涉及的新型双离子电池形态不局限于扣式型，也可根据核心成分设计成平板型、圆柱型、叠片型等形态。
本发明提出的钠基双离子电池的隔膜和电解液主要有凝胶聚合物电解液提供和代替。
对比例1
一种固态钠离子电池，以钠片为负极，以Na 3Zr 2Si 2PO 12为正极，将聚合物PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)、Na 3Zr 2Si 2PO 12、Na 3V 2(PO 4) 3和Super-p组成的复合电极浆料均匀的涂布在Na 3Zr 2Si 2PO 12的一侧，并与Na 3Zr 2Si 2PO 12共烧结，获得正极电极和固态电解质一体化，滴加少量电解液，将其组装成电池。
经测试后，在0.2C倍率下，首次放电比容量为81.6mAh g -1,30圈循环后，还有62.23mAh g -1的比容量。
对比例1与本发明实施例相比，电化学性能均较差(如倍率性能、长循环性能等)，且制备方法较为复杂。
对比例2
一种钠基双离子电池，包括负极、隔膜、电解液和正极。
其中，配制电解液为：1mol NaPF 6in EC+DEC(v:v＝1:1)；
正极材料为膨胀石墨，负极材料为锡，隔膜为玻璃纤维，其他与实施例1相同。
经测试后，在0.1C倍率下可循环400次，容量保持率为40％。
对比例2与本发明实施例相比，安全性较差，且电化学性能也不如本发明实施例的双离子电池。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种有机凝胶聚合物电解液，其特征在于，包括固态聚合物基质和有机电解液；
    其中，所述固体聚合物基质包括有机聚合物和无机添加剂；
    所述有机电解液包括钠盐和有机溶剂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的有机凝胶聚合物电解液，其特征在于，所述固体聚合物基质中，有机聚合物与无机添加剂的质量比为10～50:1；
    所述有机电解液中，钠盐的浓度为0.1～10mol/L。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的有机凝胶聚合物电解液，其特征在于，所述固体聚合物基质中，有机聚合物与无机添加剂的质量比为15～20:1；所述有机电解液中，钠盐的浓度为0.5～1.5mol/L。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的有机凝胶聚合物电解液，其特征在于，所述有机聚合物包括偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物、聚氯乙烯、聚氧乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚甲基苯烯酸甲酯、聚酰胺、聚已二醇、聚氨酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚苯乙烯、聚丁二烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚硫橡胶、丁苯橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物或乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物中的至少一种；
    所述无机添加剂为无机陶瓷材料，所述无机陶瓷材料包括金属氧化物、非金属氧化物或粘土中的至少一种；
    所述钠盐包括六氟磷酸钠、四氟硼酸钠、双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺钠、双氟磺酰亚胺钠、氯化钠、硫酸钠、硫代硫酸钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、硝酸钠、氟化钠、苯酚钠、丁酸钠、草酸钠、丁二酸钠、水杨酸钠、碘乙酸钠、高氯酸钠、肌氨酸钠、辛基硫酸钠、六氟磷酸钠、硅酸钠、甲基二黄酸钠、醋酸钠、1，5-萘二磺酸钠、重铬酸钠、硫氰酸钠、苯亚磺酸钠、透明质酸钠或烯丙基磺酸钠中的至少一种；
    所述有机溶剂包括酯类、砜类、醚类、腈类或离子液体中的至少一种；
    所述固体聚合物基质的形态呈膜片状。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的有机凝胶聚合物电解液，其特征在于，所述无机陶瓷材料包括氧化钛、四氮化三硅、碳化硅、氮化硼、氧化铝、氧化硅、氧化锆、氧化镍、氧化锶、氧化铁、氧化钒、氧化钡、三氧化钨、高岭土、膨润土、硅铝酸盐、水铝英石、石酯或尹来石中的至少一种。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的有机凝胶聚合物电解液，其特征在于，所述有机溶剂包括碳酸丙烯酯、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸甲乙酯、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、氟代碳酸乙烯酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、γ-丁内酯、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、1,3-二氧环戊烷、4-甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、二甲氧甲烷、1,2-二甲氧丙烷、三乙二醇二甲醚、二甲基砜、二甲醚、亚硫酸乙烯酯、亚硫酸丙烯脂、亚硫酸二甲脂、亚硫酸二乙脂、冠醚(12-冠-4)、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑-六氟磷酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑-四氟硼酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐、1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑-六氟磷酸盐、1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑-四氟硼酸盐、1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐、1-丁基-1-甲基咪唑-六氟磷酸盐、1-丁基-1-甲基咪唑-四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-1-甲基咪唑-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐、N-丁基-N-甲基吡咯烷-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐、1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐、N-甲基-N-丙基吡咯烷-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐、N-甲,丙基哌啶-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐或N-甲,丁基哌啶-双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺盐中的至少一种。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的有机凝胶聚合物电解液，其特征在于，所述有机溶剂为碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸二甲酯和碳酸二乙酯的混合物。
  8. 一种如权利要求1～3任一项所述的有机凝胶聚合物电解液的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    将有机聚合物、无机添加剂和溶剂混合，加热，得到固体聚合物基质；将钠盐和有机溶剂混合，得到有机电解液；
    将固体聚合物基质放入有机电解液中，得到所述有机凝胶聚合物电解液；
    所述溶剂包括水、醇类、酮类、酸类、砜类、苯类、卤化物、氨类或液体氧化物中的至少一种。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的有机凝胶聚合物电解液的制备方法，其特征在于，所述溶剂包括乙醇、丙酮、二甲基亚砜、乙腈、氯仿、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、乙二胺、水、甲醇、甲酸、硫酸、苯、二硫化碳、四氯化碳、液氨、柠檬酸、氟化氢、液态二氧化碳、液态二氧化硫、硫酰氯、水合肼、异丙醇中的至少一种。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的有机凝胶聚合物电解液的制备方法，其特征在于，所述溶剂为乙醇和丙酮的混合物，乙醇和丙醇的质量比为1:1～10。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的有机凝胶聚合物电解液的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤将固体聚合物基质放入有机电解液中的步骤包括：将所述固体聚合物基质制成膜片，然后放入有机电解液中。
  12. 一种如权利要求1～3任一项所述的有机凝胶聚合物电解液同时作为电解液和隔膜在钠基双离子电池中的应用。
  13. 一种钠基双离子电池，其特征在于，包括正极、负极以及介于正极和负极之间的如权利要求1～3任一项所述的有机凝胶聚合物电解液。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的钠基双离子电池，其特征在于，所述负极为能够与钠离子合金化的金属、金属合金或金属复合物。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的钠基双离子电池，其特征在于，所述负极包括锡、铜、铁、镍、钛、铝、锌、锰、铅、锑、镉、金、铋或锗中任意一种的金属；或，至少包含锡、铜、铁、镍、钛、铝、锌、锰、铅、 锑、镉、金、铋或锗中任意一种的合金；或，至少包含锡、铜、铁、镍、钛、铝、锌、锰、铅、锑、镉、金、铋或锗中任意一种的金属复合物。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的钠基双离子电池，其特征在于，所述负极为锡、锡合金或含锡的复合物。
  17. 根据权利要求13所述的钠基双离子电池，其特征在于，所述正极包括正极集流体和正极材料，正极材料包括正极材料活性物质，正极材料活性物质为能够可逆地嵌入、脱嵌钠盐阴离子的层状材料；
    所述正极材料活性物质包括中间相碳微球石墨、天然石墨、膨胀石墨、玻璃碳、碳碳复合材料、碳纤维、硬碳、高取向石墨、炭黑、碳纳米管或石墨烯中的至少一种；
    所述正极材料包括60～95wt％的正极材料活性物质、2～30wt％的导电剂和3～10wt％的粘结剂。
  18. 一种如权利要求13～17任一项所述的钠基双离子电池的制备方法，其特征在于，将负极、有机凝胶聚合物电解液以及正极进行组装，得到钠基双离子电池。
  19. 一种包含权利要求13～17任一项所述的钠基双离子电池的电子装置、电动工具、电动车辆或电力储存系统。
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