WO2018221690A1 - Structure fonctionnelle et procédé de production pour structure fonctionnelle - Google Patents

Structure fonctionnelle et procédé de production pour structure fonctionnelle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018221690A1
WO2018221690A1 PCT/JP2018/021078 JP2018021078W WO2018221690A1 WO 2018221690 A1 WO2018221690 A1 WO 2018221690A1 JP 2018021078 W JP2018021078 W JP 2018021078W WO 2018221690 A1 WO2018221690 A1 WO 2018221690A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
functional structure
functional
metal
skeleton
precursor material
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PCT/JP2018/021078
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
隆夫 増田
佑太 中坂
吉川　琢也
禎宏 加藤
將行 福嶋
稲森　康次郎
尋子 高橋
祐一郎 馬場
可織 関根
Original Assignee
国立大学法人北海道大学
古河電気工業株式会社
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Application filed by 国立大学法人北海道大学, 古河電気工業株式会社 filed Critical 国立大学法人北海道大学
Priority to AU2018277966A priority Critical patent/AU2018277966B2/en
Priority to CN201880035210.0A priority patent/CN110678259A/zh
Priority to EP18810418.6A priority patent/EP3632550A4/fr
Priority to JP2019521318A priority patent/JPWO2018221690A1/ja
Publication of WO2018221690A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018221690A1/fr
Priority to US16/698,679 priority patent/US11648542B2/en
Priority to AU2021202968A priority patent/AU2021202968B2/en
Priority to US18/171,140 priority patent/US20230201814A1/en
Priority to JP2023075778A priority patent/JP2023087022A/ja

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    • B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
    • B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
    • C10G47/02—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G47/10—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used with catalysts deposited on a carrier
    • C10G47/12—Inorganic carriers
    • C10G47/16—Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers
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    • B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
    • B01J2229/22—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to destroy the molecular sieve structure or part thereof
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    • B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
    • B01J2229/38—Base treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
    • B01J2229/40—Special temperature treatment, i.e. other than just for template removal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/70—Catalyst aspects

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a functional structure including a porous structure and a functional substance, and a method for manufacturing the functional structure.
  • Oil refinery refineries produce petrochemical raw materials called naphtha and various fuels such as heavy oil, light oil, kerosene, gasoline, and LP gas from crude oil. Since crude oil is a mixture in which various impurities are mixed in addition to the above petrochemical raw materials and various fuels, a step of distilling and separating each component contained in the crude oil is required.
  • crude oil is heated on the shelf in the tower of the atmospheric distillation apparatus using the boiling point difference of each component to separate the components, and the separated substances are concentrated.
  • low-boiling substances such as LP gas and naphtha are extracted from the upper shelf of the atmospheric distillation apparatus, and high-boiling substances such as heavy oil are extracted from the bottom of the atmospheric distillation apparatus.
  • various fuel products are manufactured by giving secondary treatments, such as desulfurization, to each separated and concentrated substance.
  • petroleum reforming catalysts are used for producing gasoline having a high octane number by efficiently reforming naphtha having a low boiling point in the oil refining process. Since the naphtha fraction in crude oil has a low octane number and is unsuitable as gasoline for running a vehicle, the low-octane paraffin and naphthene content in the naphtha fraction is converted into an octane number using an oil reforming catalyst. By reforming to high aromatic content, reformed gasoline with properties suitable for vehicle fuel is manufactured.
  • hydrodesulfurization treatment of heavy oil with hydrodesulfurization equipment such as direct desulfurization equipment and intermediate desorption equipment are further decomposed.
  • Hydrocracking treatment to increase production of desulfurized naphtha, desulfurized kerosene, desulfurized gas oil, and the like has been performed.
  • the yield of desulfurized kerosene oil oil fraction and desulfurized naphtha fraction is increased to reduce desulfurized heavy oil, and the desulfurized heavy oil is removed by a catalytic cracker.
  • Residual oil is reduced and light oil fraction is increased by producing LPG fraction, FCC gasoline fraction and LCO fraction.
  • a catalyst composed of a crystalline aluminosilicate support, which is a typical zeolite, and a hydrocracking catalyst containing zeolite and a porous inorganic oxide in a specific ratio have been proposed.
  • a hydrocracking catalyst there is a catalyst in which a metal made of a material selected from Pd, Pt, Co, Fe, Cr, Mo, W and a mixture thereof is deposited on the surface of a support made of Y-type zeolite. (Patent Document 1).
  • a ceramic carrier is disposed on the surface of a base ceramic, and both the main catalyst component and the promoter component are supported on the ceramic carrier.
  • a ceramic catalyst body has been proposed. In this ceramic catalyst body, a large number of pores made of lattice defects in the crystal lattice are formed on the surface of the ceramic carrier made of ⁇ -alumina, and the main catalyst component made of Ce—Zr, Pt, etc. is used as the ceramic carrier. It has the structure directly supported by the surface vicinity (patent document 2).
  • the catalyst particles are supported on the surface of the carrier or in the vicinity of the surface, so that it depends on the influence of the force or heat received from the fluid such as the reformed substance during the reforming process.
  • the catalyst particles move within the carrier, and aggregation (sintering) between the catalyst particles tends to occur. If the catalyst particles agglomerate, the effective surface area of the catalyst is reduced and the catalyst activity is reduced, so the life is shorter than usual. Therefore, the catalyst structure itself must be replaced and regenerated in a short period of time. In addition, there are problems that the replacement work is complicated and resource saving cannot be achieved.
  • oil reforming catalysts are usually connected downstream of the atmospheric distillation unit and used continuously in the oil refining process, making it difficult to apply catalyst reactivation technology. Even if it can be applied, the operation becomes very complicated.
  • suppression or prevention of such deterioration over time of functions is cited as an issue not only in the catalyst field but also in various technical fields, and a solution is desired to maintain the function over the long term. Yes.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a functional structure and functionality capable of suppressing the functional deterioration of a functional substance and realizing a long life, not requiring complicated replacement work, and saving resources. It is providing the manufacturing method of a structure.
  • the present inventors have obtained a porous structure skeleton body composed of a zeolite-type compound and at least one functional substance inherent in the skeleton body.
  • the skeleton body has a passage communicating with each other, and the functional substance is held in at least the passage of the skeleton body, thereby suppressing the functional deterioration of the functional substance and extending the life. It has been found that a functional structure that can be realized is obtained, and the present invention has been completed based on such knowledge.
  • the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows.
  • the functional structure is characterized in that the functional substance is present in at least the passage of the skeleton.
  • the passage includes any one of a one-dimensional hole, a two-dimensional hole, and a three-dimensional hole defined by a skeleton structure of the zeolite-type compound, and the one-dimensional hole, the two-dimensional hole, and the three-dimensional hole.
  • the functional structure according to [1] above which has a diameter-expanded part different from any of the above-mentioned parts, and wherein the functional substance is present at least in the diameter-expanded part.
  • the functional substance is a catalyst substance, The functional structure according to any one of [1] to [3] above, wherein the skeleton is a carrier supporting the at least one catalyst substance.
  • the catalyst substance is metal oxide fine particles.
  • the average inner diameter of the passage is 0.1 nm to 1.5 nm
  • the content of the at least one functional substance inherent in the skeleton is greater than the content of the at least one other functional substance retained on the outer surface of the skeleton.
  • [16] The functional structure according to any one of [1] to [15] above, wherein the zeolite type compound is a silicate compound.
  • the manufacturing method of the functional structure characterized by having.
  • the precursor material (A) is impregnated with the metal-containing solution by adding the metal-containing solution to the precursor material (A) in a plurality of times.
  • the amount of the metal-containing solution added to the precursor material (A) is changed to the precursor material.
  • the ratio of silicon (Si) constituting the precursor material (A) to the metal element (M) contained in the metal-containing solution added to (A) (atomic ratio Si / M)
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the internal structure of a functional structure according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 1A is a perspective view (a part thereof is shown in cross section).
  • FIG. 1B is a partially enlarged sectional view.
  • 2 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view for explaining an example of the function of the functional structure of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 2 (a) is a diagram illustrating a sieve function
  • FIG. 2 (b) is a diagram illustrating a catalyst function.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of a method for manufacturing the functional structure of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a modification of the functional structure of FIG.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a functional structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a perspective view (a part is shown in cross section), and (b) is a partially enlarged cross section.
  • FIG. The functional structure in FIG. 1 shows an example, and the shape, size, etc. of each component according to the present invention are not limited to those in FIG.
  • the functional structure 1 includes a porous structure 10 made of a zeolite-type compound, and at least one functional substance 20 contained in the structure 10. Is provided.
  • the functional substance 20 is a substance that exhibits one or more functions by itself or in cooperation with the skeleton body 10. Specific examples of the function include a catalyst function, a light emission (or fluorescence) function, a light absorption function, and an identification function.
  • the functional substance 20 is preferably a catalyst substance having a catalytic function, for example.
  • the skeleton body 10 is a carrier that supports the catalyst material.
  • a plurality of functional substances 20, 20,... are enclosed in the porous structure of the skeleton body 10.
  • the catalyst material that is an example of the functional material 20 is preferably at least one of metal oxide fine particles and metal fine particles. Details of the metal oxide fine particles and the metal fine particles will be described later.
  • the functional substance 20 may be a particle including a metal oxide, a metal alloy, or a composite material thereof.
  • the skeleton body 10 has a porous structure and, as shown in FIG. 1B, preferably has a plurality of holes 11a, 11a,.
  • the functional substance 20 exists in at least the passage 11 of the skeleton body 10, and is preferably held in at least the passage 11 of the skeleton body 10.
  • the movement of the functional substance 20 in the skeleton body 10 is restricted, and the aggregation of the functional substances 20 and 20 is effectively prevented.
  • the reduction of the effective surface area as the functional substance 20 can be effectively suppressed, and the function of the functional substance 20 lasts for a long time. That is, according to the functional structure 1, it is possible to suppress a decrease in function due to the aggregation of the functional substance 20, and to extend the life of the functional structure 1. Further, by extending the lifetime of the functional structure 1, the frequency of replacement of the functional structure 1 can be reduced, the amount of used functional structure 1 discarded can be greatly reduced, and resource saving can be achieved. be able to.
  • a functional structure when a functional structure is used in a fluid (for example, heavy oil or a reformed gas such as NOx), there is a possibility of receiving an external force from the fluid.
  • a fluid for example, heavy oil or a reformed gas such as NOx
  • the functional substance 20 is held at least in the passage 11 of the skeleton body 10, so that the functional substance 20 is removed from the skeleton body 10 even if it is affected by an external force due to fluid. Difficult to leave.
  • the fluid flows into the passage 11 from the hole 11a of the skeleton body 10, and therefore the speed of the fluid flowing in the passage 11 is determined by the flow resistance (friction force). This is considered to be slower than the speed of the fluid flowing on the outer surface of the skeleton body 10. Due to the influence of the channel resistance, the pressure that the functional substance 20 held in the passage 11 receives from the fluid is lower than the pressure that the functional substance receives from the fluid outside the skeleton body 10. Therefore, it is possible to effectively suppress the functional substance 20 existing in the skeleton body 11 from being detached, and the function of the functional substance 20 can be stably maintained for a long time.
  • the flow path resistance as described above increases as the passage 11 of the skeleton body 10 has a plurality of bends and branches, and the inside of the skeleton body 10 has a more complicated and three-dimensional structure. Conceivable.
  • the passage 11 includes any one of a one-dimensional hole, a two-dimensional hole, and a three-dimensional hole defined by a skeleton structure of the zeolite type compound, and the one-dimensional hole, the two-dimensional hole, and the three-dimensional hole.
  • the functional substance 20 is present at least in the enlarged-diameter portion 12, and is included in at least the enlarged-diameter portion 12 at this time. More preferably.
  • a one-dimensional hole means a tunnel-type or cage-type hole forming a one-dimensional channel, or a plurality of tunnel-type or cage-type holes forming a plurality of one-dimensional channels (a plurality of one-dimensional holes). Channel).
  • a two-dimensional hole refers to a two-dimensional channel in which a plurality of one-dimensional channels are two-dimensionally connected.
  • a three-dimensional hole refers to a three-dimensional channel in which a plurality of one-dimensional channels are three-dimensionally connected. Point to.
  • the functional substance 20 and the skeleton body 10 do not necessarily need to be in direct contact with each other, and another substance (for example, a surfactant or the like) is provided between the functional substance 20 and the skeleton body 10.
  • the functional substance 20 may be indirectly held by the skeleton body 10 with the intervening state.
  • FIG. 1B shows a case where the functional substance 20 is enclosed by the enlarged diameter portion 12, but is not limited to this configuration, and a part of the functional substance 20 is an enlarged diameter portion. 12 may be present in the passage 11 in a state of protruding outside.
  • the functional substance 20 may be partially embedded in a portion of the passage 11 other than the enlarged diameter portion 12 (for example, an inner wall portion of the passage 11), or may be held by fixing or the like.
  • the enlarged diameter part 12 is connecting the some hole 11a and 11a which comprise either of the said one-dimensional hole, the said two-dimensional hole, and the said three-dimensional hole.
  • the passage 11 is three-dimensionally formed inside the skeleton body 10 including a branching part or a joining part, and the enlarged diameter part 12 is provided in the branching part or the joining part of the passage 11. preferable.
  • the average inner diameter DF of the passage 11 formed in the skeleton 10 is calculated from the average value of the short diameter and the long diameter of the hole 11a constituting any one of the one-dimensional hole, the two-dimensional hole, and the three-dimensional hole,
  • the thickness is 0.1 nm to 1.5 nm, and preferably 0.5 nm to 0.8 nm.
  • the inner diameter DE of the enlarged diameter portion 12 is, for example, 0.5 nm to 50 nm, preferably 1.1 nm to 40 nm, more preferably 1.1 nm to 3.3 nm.
  • the inner diameter D E of the enlarged diameter section 12 depends on for example the pore size of which will be described later precursor material (A), and the average particle diameter D C of the inclusion is the functional substance 20.
  • the inner diameter DE of the enlarged diameter portion 12 is a size that can enclose the functional substance 20.
  • the skeleton 10 is composed of a zeolite type compound.
  • Zeolite type compounds include, for example, zeolites (aluminosilicates), cation exchange zeolites, silicate compounds such as silicalite, zeolite related compounds such as aluminoborate, aluminoarsenate, germanate, molybdenum phosphate, etc. And phosphate-based zeolite-like substances.
  • the zeolite type compound is preferably a silicate compound.
  • the framework structure of zeolite type compounds is FAU type (Y type or X type), MTW type, MFI type (ZSM-5), FER type (ferrierite), LTA type (A type), MWW type (MCM-22) , MOR type (mordenite), LTL type (L type), BEA type (beta type), etc., preferably MFI type, more preferably ZSM-5.
  • a plurality of pores having a pore size corresponding to each skeleton structure are formed.
  • the maximum pore size of the MFI type is 0.636 nm (6.36 mm), and the average pore size is 0.560 nm (5.60 mm). is there.
  • the functional substance 20 is at least one of metal oxide fine particles and metal fine particles (hereinafter sometimes collectively referred to as “fine particles”) will be described in detail.
  • the average particle diameter D C of particle 20 is Preferably, it is larger than the average inner diameter DF of the passage 11 and less than or equal to the inner diameter DE of the expanded diameter portion 12 (D F ⁇ D C ⁇ D E ).
  • Such fine particles 20 are preferably enclosed by the enlarged diameter portion 12 in the passage 11, and movement of the fine particles 20 in the skeleton 10 is restricted. Therefore, even when the fine particles 20 receive an external force from the fluid, the movement of the fine particles 20 in the skeleton body 10 is suppressed, and the enlarged diameter portions 12, 12,. It is possible to effectively prevent the fine particles 20, 20,.
  • the average particle diameter D C of the metal oxide particles 20, in either case of the primary particles and the secondary particles is preferably 0.1 nm ⁇ 50 nm, More preferably, it is 0.1 nm or more and less than 30 nm, more preferably 0.5 nm to 14.0 nm, and particularly preferably 1.0 nm to 3.3 nm.
  • the ratio of the average particle diameter D C of the metal oxide fine particles 20 to the average inner diameter D F of the passage 11 (D C / D F) is preferably from 0.06 to 500, more preferably from 0.1 to 36 More preferably, it is 1.1 to 36, and particularly preferably 1.7 to 4.5.
  • the metal element (M) of the metal oxide fine particles is contained at 0.5 to 2.5 mass% with respect to the functional structure 1. And is more preferably contained at 0.5 to 1.5% by mass with respect to the functional structure 1.
  • the content (mass%) of the Co element is represented by ⁇ (mass of Co element) / (mass of all elements of the functional structure 1) ⁇ ⁇ 100.
  • the metal oxide fine particles may be composed of a metal oxide, for example, may be composed of a single metal oxide, or may be composed of a mixture of two or more metal oxides. Good.
  • the “metal oxide” (as a material) constituting the metal oxide fine particles includes an oxide containing one kind of metal element (M) and two or more kinds of metal elements (M). This is a generic name for oxides containing one or more metal elements (M).
  • metal oxides examples include cobalt oxide (CoO x ), nickel oxide (NiO x ), iron oxide (FeO x ), copper oxide (CuO x ), zirconium oxide (ZrO x ), and cerium oxide (CeO x ). ), Aluminum oxide (AlO x ), niobium oxide (NbO x ), titanium oxide (TiO x ), bismuth oxide (BiO x ), molybdenum oxide (MoO x ), vanadium oxide (VO x ), chromium oxide (CrO x ) It is preferable that any one or more of the above be the main component.
  • the functional substance 20 is a metal fine particle has an average particle diameter D C of the fine metal particles 20, in either case of the primary particles and the secondary particles is preferably 0.08 ⁇ 30 nm, more preferably Is from 0.08 nm to less than 25 nm, more preferably from 0.4 nm to 11.0 nm, and particularly preferably from 0.8 to 2.7 nm.
  • the ratio of the average particle diameter D C of the fine metal particles 20 to the average inner diameter D F of the passage 11 (D C / D F) is preferably 0.05 to 300, more preferably be 0.1 to 30 More preferably, it is 1.1 to 30, and particularly preferably 1.4 to 3.6.
  • the metal element (M) of the metal fine particle is preferably contained in an amount of 0.5 to 2.5% by mass with respect to the functional structure 1. More preferably, the content is 0.5 to 1.5% by mass with respect to the body 1.
  • the metal fine particles may be composed of a metal that is not oxidized, and may be composed of, for example, a single metal or a mixture of two or more metals.
  • “metal” (as a material) constituting the metal fine particles includes a single metal containing one kind of metal element (M), a metal alloy containing two or more kinds of metal elements (M), and Is a generic term for metals containing one or more metal elements.
  • metals examples include platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), iron (Fe), chromium ( Cr), cerium (Ce), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), and the like, and any one or more of the above-mentioned components are preferable.
  • the functional substance 20 is preferably metal oxide fine particles from the viewpoint of durability.
  • the ratio of the silicon (Si) constituting the skeleton 10 to the metal element (M) constituting the fine particles 20 is preferably 10 to 1000, and preferably 50 to 200. Is more preferable. If the ratio is greater than 1000, the activity as a functional substance may not be sufficiently obtained, for example, the activity is low. On the other hand, when the ratio is smaller than 10, the ratio of the fine particles 20 becomes too large, and the strength of the skeleton 10 tends to decrease.
  • the fine particles 20 are fine particles that exist or are supported inside the skeleton body 10 and do not include fine particles attached to the outer surface of the skeleton body 10.
  • the functional structure 1 includes the skeleton 10 having a porous structure and at least one functional substance 20 inherent in the skeleton.
  • the functional structure 1 exhibits a function corresponding to the functional substance 20 when the functional substance 20 inherent in the skeleton body comes into contact with the fluid.
  • the fluid that has contacted the outer surface 10 a of the functional structure 1 flows into the skeleton body 10 through the holes 11 a formed in the outer surface 10 a, is guided into the passage 11, and passes through the passage 11. It moves and goes out of the functional structure 1 through the other hole 11a.
  • the reaction according to the function of the functional substance 20 occurs by contacting the functional substance 20 held in the passage 11.
  • the functional structure 1 has molecular sieving ability because the skeleton body has a porous structure.
  • the molecular sieving ability of the functional structure 1 will be described with reference to FIG. 2A as an example where the fluid is a liquid containing benzene, propylene and mesitylene.
  • a compound for example, benzene, propylene
  • a compound composed of molecules having a size smaller than the diameter of the hole 11a, in other words, smaller than the inner diameter of the passage 11, enters the skeleton body 10.
  • a compound for example, mesitylene
  • the reaction of the compound that cannot enter the skeleton body 10 is restricted, and the compound that can enter the skeleton body 10 can be reacted. it can.
  • the functional substance 20 is preferably enclosed in the enlarged diameter portion 12 of the passage 11.
  • the functional material 20 is a metal oxide fine particles
  • the average particle diameter D C of the metal oxide fine particles is larger than the average inner diameter D F of the passage 11 is smaller than the inner diameter D E of the enlarged diameter portion 12 (D F ⁇ D C ⁇ D E )
  • a small passage 13 is formed between the metal oxide fine particles and the enlarged diameter portion 12. Therefore, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 2B, the fluid that has entered the small passage 13 comes into contact with the metal oxide fine particles. Since each metal oxide fine particle is enclosed by the enlarged diameter part 12, the movement within the skeleton 10 is restricted. Thereby, aggregation of metal oxide fine particles in the skeleton 10 is prevented. As a result, a large contact area between the metal oxide fine particles and the fluid can be stably maintained.
  • the functional substance 20 has a catalytic function
  • the case where the functional material 20 is iron oxide (FeO x ) fine particles and the heavy oil dodecylbenzene is infiltrated into the skeleton 10 of the functional structure 1 will be described as an example.
  • dodecylbenzene permeates into the skeleton body 10 as shown below, dodecylbenzene is decomposed into various alcohols and ketones by oxidative decomposition reaction.
  • benzene which is light oil is produced
  • heavy oil can be converted into light oil by using the functional structure 1.
  • hydrocracking treatment using hydrogen has been performed to convert heavy oil to light oil.
  • the functional structure 1 is used, hydrogen becomes unnecessary. Therefore, it can be used to convert heavy oil to light oil even in regions where it is difficult to supply hydrogen.
  • hydrogen since hydrogen is not required, cost reduction can be realized, and it can be expected that the use of heavy oil that has not been sufficiently utilized so far can be promoted.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing the functional structure 1 of FIG.
  • an example of a method for producing a functional structure will be described, taking as an example the case where the functional substance contained in the skeleton is a metal oxide fine particle.
  • Step S1 Preparation process
  • a precursor material (A) for obtaining a porous skeleton composed of a zeolite-type compound is prepared.
  • the precursor material (A) is preferably a regular mesoporous material, and can be appropriately selected according to the type (composition) of the zeolite-type compound constituting the skeleton of the functional structure.
  • the regular mesoporous material has pores having a pore diameter of 1 to 50 nm in one dimension, two dimensions or A compound composed of a Si—O skeleton that is three-dimensionally uniform and regularly developed is preferable.
  • Such regular mesoporous materials can be obtained as various composites depending on the synthesis conditions. Specific examples of the composites include, for example, SBA-1, SBA-15, SBA-16, KIT-6, FSM- 16, MCM-41, etc., among which MCM-41 is preferable.
  • the pore diameter of SBA-1 is 10 to 30 nm
  • the pore diameter of SBA-15 is 6 to 10 nm
  • the pore diameter of SBA-16 is 6 nm
  • the pore diameter of KIT-6 is 9 nm
  • the pore diameter of FSM-16 is 3
  • the pore diameter of MCM-41 is 1 to 10 nm.
  • regular mesoporous materials include mesoporous silica, mesoporous aluminosilicate, and mesoporous metallosilicate.
  • the precursor material (A) may be a commercially available product or a synthetic product.
  • the precursor material (A) can be performed by a known method for synthesizing regular mesoporous materials. For example, a mixed solution containing a raw material containing the constituent elements of the precursor material (A) and a templating agent for defining the structure of the precursor material (A) is prepared, and the pH is adjusted as necessary. Hydrothermal treatment (hydrothermal synthesis) is performed. Thereafter, the precipitate (product) obtained by hydrothermal treatment is recovered (for example, filtered), washed and dried as necessary, and further calcined to form a regular mesoporous material in powder form. A precursor material (A) is obtained.
  • a solvent of the mixed solution for example, water, an organic solvent such as alcohol, or a mixed solvent thereof can be used.
  • a raw material is selected according to the kind of frame
  • TEOS tetraethoxysilane
  • quartz sand etc.
  • various surfactants, block copolymers and the like can be used, and it is preferable to select according to the kind of the compound of the regular mesoporous material.
  • a surfactant such as hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide is preferred.
  • the hydrothermal treatment can be performed, for example, in a sealed container at 80 to 800 ° C., 5 hours to 240 hours, and treatment conditions of 0 to 2000 kPa.
  • the baking treatment can be performed, for example, in air at 350 to 850 ° C. for 2 hours to 30 hours.
  • Step S2 impregnation step
  • the prepared precursor material (A) is impregnated with the metal-containing solution to obtain the precursor material (B).
  • the metal-containing solution may be a solution containing a metal component (for example, metal ion) corresponding to the metal element (M) constituting the metal oxide fine particles of the functional structure.
  • a metal element It can be prepared by dissolving a metal salt containing M).
  • metal salts include metal salts such as chlorides, hydroxides, oxides, sulfates, nitrates, etc. Among them, nitrates are preferable.
  • the solvent for example, water, an organic solvent such as alcohol, or a mixed solvent thereof can be used.
  • the method for impregnating the precursor material (A) with the metal-containing solution is not particularly limited.
  • a plurality of metal-containing solutions are mixed while stirring the powdery precursor material (A) before the firing step described later. It is preferable to add in small portions in portions.
  • a surfactant as an additive is added in advance to the precursor material (A) before adding the metal-containing solution. It is preferable to add it.
  • Such an additive has a function of coating the outer surface of the precursor material (A), suppresses the metal-containing solution added thereafter from adhering to the outer surface of the precursor material (A), and the metal It is considered that the contained solution is more likely to enter the pores of the precursor material (A).
  • nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, and polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether. Since these surfactants have a large molecular size and cannot penetrate into the pores of the precursor material (A), they do not adhere to the inside of the pores, and the metal-containing solution penetrates into the pores. It is thought not to interfere.
  • the nonionic surfactant is preferably added in an amount of 50 to 500% by mass with respect to the precursor material (A) before the firing step described later.
  • the addition amount of the nonionic surfactant to the precursor material (A) is less than 50% by mass, the above-described inhibitory action is hardly exhibited, and the nonionic surfactant is added to the precursor material (A) at 500. Addition of more than% by mass is not preferable because the viscosity increases excessively. Therefore, the addition amount of the nonionic surfactant with respect to the precursor material (A) is set to a value within the above range.
  • the amount of the metal-containing solution added to the precursor material (A) is the amount of the metal element (M) contained in the metal-containing solution impregnated in the precursor material (A) (that is, the precursor material (B It is preferable to adjust appropriately in consideration of the amount of the metal element (M) contained in ().
  • the addition amount of the metal-containing solution added to the precursor material (A) is the metal element (M) contained in the metal-containing solution added to the precursor material (A)
  • the ratio of silicon (Si) constituting the precursor material (A) atomic ratio Si / M
  • it is preferably adjusted to be 10 to 1000, and adjusted to be 50 to 200. It is more preferable.
  • the addition of the metal-containing solution to be added to the precursor material (A) By converting the amount to 50 to 200 in terms of atomic ratio Si / M, the metal element (M) of the metal oxide fine particles is 0.5 to 2.5 mass% with respect to the functional structure. It can be included.
  • the amount of the metal element (M) present in the pores is the same as the metal concentration of the metal-containing solution, the presence or absence of the additive, and other conditions such as temperature and pressure. If so, it is roughly proportional to the amount of the metal-containing solution added to the precursor material (A).
  • the amount of the metal element (M) inherent in the precursor material (B) is proportional to the amount of the metal element constituting the metal oxide fine particles inherent in the skeleton of the functional structure. Therefore, by controlling the amount of the metal-containing solution added to the precursor material (A) within the above range, the metal-containing solution can be sufficiently impregnated inside the pores of the precursor material (A), and thus The amount of the metal oxide fine particles incorporated in the skeleton of the functional structure can be adjusted.
  • a cleaning treatment may be performed as necessary.
  • the cleaning solution water, an organic solvent such as alcohol, or a mixed solution thereof can be used.
  • the drying treatment include natural drying overnight or high temperature drying at 150 ° C. or lower.
  • the regular mesopores of the precursor material (A) are obtained by performing the baking treatment described later in a state where a large amount of moisture contained in the metal-containing solution and the moisture of the cleaning solution remain in the precursor material (A). Since the skeletal structure as a substance may be broken, it is preferable to dry it sufficiently.
  • Step S3 Firing step
  • the precursor material (B) obtained by impregnating the precursor material (A) for obtaining a porous structure composed of a zeolite-type compound with the metal-containing solution is fired, and the precursor material (C )
  • the calcination treatment is preferably performed, for example, in air at 350 to 850 ° C. for 2 hours to 30 hours.
  • the metal component impregnated in the pores of the regular mesoporous material grows in crystal, and metal oxide fine particles are formed in the pores.
  • Step S4 Hydrothermal treatment process
  • a mixed solution in which the precursor material (C) and the structure-directing agent are mixed is prepared, and the precursor material (C) obtained by firing the precursor material (B) is hydrothermally treated to provide functionality. Get a structure.
  • the structure directing agent is a templating agent for defining the skeletal structure of the skeleton of the functional structure.
  • a surfactant can be used.
  • the structure directing agent is preferably selected according to the skeleton structure of the skeleton of the functional structure, for example, an interface such as tetramethylammonium bromide (TMABr), tetraethylammonium bromide (TEABr), tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr), etc.
  • An activator is preferred.
  • the mixing of the precursor material (C) and the structure directing agent may be performed during the hydrothermal treatment step or before the hydrothermal treatment step.
  • the preparation method of the said mixed solution is not specifically limited, A precursor material (C), a structure directing agent, and a solvent may be mixed simultaneously, or precursor material (C) and structure prescription
  • each agent is dispersed in each solution, each dispersion solution may be mixed.
  • the solvent for example, water, an organic solvent such as alcohol, or a mixed solvent thereof can be used.
  • the pH of the mixed solution is preferably adjusted using an acid or a base before hydrothermal treatment.
  • the hydrothermal treatment can be performed by a known method.
  • the hydrothermal treatment is preferably performed in a sealed container at 80 to 800 ° C., 5 hours to 240 hours, and 0 to 2000 kPa.
  • the hydrothermal treatment is preferably performed in a basic atmosphere.
  • the reaction mechanism here is not necessarily clear, by performing hydrothermal treatment using the precursor material (C) as a raw material, the skeleton structure of the precursor material (C) as a regular mesoporous material gradually collapses. While maintaining the position of the metal oxide fine particles inside the pores of the precursor material (C) in general, a new skeleton structure (porous structure) as a skeleton of the functional structure by the action of the structure-directing agent Is formed.
  • the functional structure thus obtained includes a skeleton having a porous structure and metal oxide fine particles inherent in the skeleton, and the skeleton has a passage in which a plurality of pores communicate with each other due to the porous structure. At least a part of the metal oxide fine particles is present in the passage of the skeleton body.
  • a mixed solution in which the precursor material (C) and the structure directing agent are mixed is prepared, and the precursor material (C) is hydrothermally treated.
  • the precursor material (C) may be hydrothermally treated without mixing the precursor material (C) and the structure directing agent.
  • the precipitate (functional structure) obtained after the hydrothermal treatment is preferably recovered (for example, filtered), and then washed, dried and fired as necessary.
  • the cleaning solution water, an organic solvent such as alcohol, or a mixed solution thereof can be used.
  • the drying treatment include natural drying overnight or high temperature drying at 150 ° C. or lower.
  • the baking treatment is performed in a state where a large amount of moisture remains in the precipitate, the skeleton structure as the skeleton of the functional structure may be broken.
  • the firing treatment can be performed, for example, in air at 350 to 850 ° C. for 2 hours to 30 hours. By such baking treatment, the structure directing agent attached to the functional structure is burned out.
  • a functional structure can also be used as it is, without carrying out the baking process of the deposit after collection
  • the environment in which the functional structure is used is a high-temperature environment in an oxidizing atmosphere
  • the structure-directing agent will be burned down by exposure to the environment for a certain period of time, and the functional structure will be the same as when fired. Since the body is obtained, it can be used as it is.
  • the method for producing a functional structure when the functional substance is metal oxide fine particles has been described as an example.
  • the functional structure is generally similar to the above.
  • the functional structure in which metal fine particles are inherently contained in the skeleton is obtained by performing a reduction treatment in a reducing gas atmosphere such as hydrogen gas. Obtainable.
  • the metal oxide fine particles present in the skeleton are reduced, and metal fine particles corresponding to the metal element (M) constituting the metal oxide fine particles are formed.
  • the metal element (M) contained in the metal-containing solution impregnated in the precursor material (A) is a metal species that is difficult to be oxidized (for example, a noble metal), whereby metal fine particles are formed in the firing step (step S3).
  • a functional structure in which metal fine particles are inherently present in the skeleton can be obtained by crystal growth and subsequent hydrothermal treatment.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a modification of the functional structure 1 of FIG.
  • the functional structure 1 of FIG. 1 shows the case where the skeleton body 10 and the functional substance 20 inherent in the skeleton body 10 are provided, it is not limited to this configuration, and for example, as shown in FIG.
  • the functional structure 2 may further include at least one functional substance 30 held on the outer surface 10 a of the skeleton body 10.
  • This functional substance 30 is a substance that exhibits one or more functions.
  • the function of the other functional substance 30 may be the same as or different from the function of the functional substance 20.
  • Specific examples of the functions of the other functional materials 30 are the same as those described for the functional material 20, and preferably have a catalytic function.
  • the functional material 30 is a catalytic material.
  • both functional substances 20 and 30 are substances having the same function, the material of the other functional substance 30 may be the same as or different from the material of the functional substance 20. Good. According to this configuration, the content of the functional substance held in the functional structure 2 can be increased, and the function of the functional substance can be further promoted.
  • the content of the functional substance 20 inherent in the skeleton body 10 is preferably larger than the content of the other functional substance 30 held on the outer surface 10a of the skeleton body 10.
  • maintained inside the skeleton 10 becomes dominant, and the function of a functional substance is exhibited stably.
  • type of precursor material (A) (“type of precursor material (A): surfactant”).
  • CTL-41 hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
  • SBA-1 Pluronic P123 (BASF)
  • metal element (M) constituting the type of metal oxide fine particles shown in Tables 1 to 8
  • metal salt containing the metal element (M) is dissolved in water to obtain a metal-containing aqueous solution.
  • the following metal salts were used according to the type of metal oxide fine particles (“metal oxide fine particles: metal salt”).
  • CoO x Cobalt nitrate (II) hexahydrate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
  • NiO x Nickel nitrate (II) hexahydrate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
  • -FeO x Iron (III) nitrate nonahydrate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
  • CuO x Copper nitrate (II) trihydrate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
  • the metal-containing aqueous solution is added to the powdery precursor material (A) in small portions in small portions, and dried at room temperature (20 ° C. ⁇ 10 ° C.) for 12 hours or more to obtain the precursor material (B).
  • polyoxyethylene (15) as an additive with respect to the precursor material (A) before adding the metal-containing aqueous solution Pretreatment was performed by adding an aqueous solution of oleyl ether (NIKKOL BO-15V, manufactured by Nikko Chemicals Co., Ltd.), and then the metal-containing aqueous solution was added as described above. In the case of “None” in the presence or absence of the additive, the pretreatment with the additive as described above is not performed.
  • the addition amount of the metal-containing aqueous solution added to the precursor material (A) is the ratio of silicon (Si) constituting the precursor material (A) to the metal element (M) contained in the metal-containing aqueous solution (
  • the numerical values when converted to the atomic ratio (Si / M) were adjusted to the values shown in Tables 1-8.
  • precursor material (B) impregnated with the metal-containing aqueous solution obtained as described above was fired in the air at 600 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain a precursor material (C).
  • Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1, cobalt oxide powder (II, III) (manufactured by Sigma Aldrich Japan LLC) having an average particle size of 50 nm or less was mixed with MFI type silicalite, and a functional substance was formed on the outer surface of silicalite as a skeleton. As a result, a functional structure having cobalt oxide fine particles adhered thereto was obtained. MFI type silicalite was synthesized in the same manner as in Examples 52 to 57 except for the step of adding metal.
  • Comparative Example 2 MFI type silicalite was synthesized by the same method as Comparative Example 1 except that the step of attaching the cobalt oxide fine particles was omitted.
  • Examples 385 to 768 are the same as those in Example 1 except that the conditions in the synthesis of the precursor material (A) and the preparation of the precursor materials (B) and (C) were changed as shown in Tables 9 to 16.
  • a precursor material (C) was obtained in the same manner as above.
  • the metal salt used in preparing the metal-containing aqueous solution was the following depending on the type of metal fine particles (“metal fine particles: metal salt”).
  • Co Cobalt nitrate (II) hexahydrate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) Ni: Nickel nitrate (II) hexahydrate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) ⁇ Fe: Iron nitrate (III) nonahydrate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) Cu: Copper nitrate (II) trihydrate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
  • the functional structure in which the metal oxide is iron oxide fine particles (FeOx) was cut out by FIB (focused ion beam) processing, and SEM (SU8020, manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation), EDX ( Cross-sectional elemental analysis was performed using X-Max (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.).
  • Fe element was detected from the inside of the skeleton. From the results of cross-sectional observation using the TEM and SEM / EDX, it was confirmed that iron oxide fine particles were present inside the skeleton.
  • iron oxide fine particles of various sizes are randomly present in a particle size range of about 50 nm to 400 nm, whereas the average particle size obtained from the TEM image is 1.2 nm to 2.0 nm.
  • a scattering peak having a particle size of 10 nm or less was detected in the SAXS measurement results. From the SAXS measurement result and the cross-sectional measurement result by SEM / EDX, it was found that a functional substance having a particle size of 10 nm or less was present in a very high dispersion state with a uniform particle size within the skeleton body.
  • the average particle diameter obtained from Example 385 and later and obtained from the TEM image is 1.2 nm to In each example of 2.0 nm, a particle size of 10 nm or less was maintained.
  • M Co, Ni, Fe, Cu
  • the amount of metal was determined by using ICP (high frequency inductively coupled plasma) alone or a combination of ICP and XRF (fluorescence X-ray analysis).
  • XRF energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer “SEA1200VX”, manufactured by SSI Nanotechnology Co., Ltd.
  • SEA1200VX energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer “SEA1200VX”, manufactured by SSI Nanotechnology Co., Ltd.
  • the catalytic activity was evaluated under the following conditions. First, 0.2 g of the functional structure is charged into an atmospheric pressure flow reactor, nitrogen gas (N 2 ) is used as a carrier gas (5 ml / min), and butylbenzene (of heavy oil) at 400 ° C. for 2 hours. The model substance was decomposed. After completion of the reaction, the collected product gas and product liquid were subjected to component analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC / MS). Note that TRACE 1310GC (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific Co., Ltd., detector: thermal conductivity detector) was used as the product gas analyzer, and TRACE DSQ (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used as the product liquid analyzer.
  • GC / MS gas chromatography mass spectrometry
  • the yield of the above compound is expressed as a percentage (mol%) of the total amount (mol) of a compound having a molecular weight smaller than that of butylbenzene contained in the product solution with respect to the amount (mol) of butylbenzene before the start of the reaction. Calculated.
  • the yield of the compound having a molecular weight smaller than that of butylbenzene contained in the product solution is 40 mol% or more, it is determined that the catalytic activity (resolution) is excellent, and “ ⁇ ”, 25 mol%
  • the catalyst activity is good, the catalyst activity is good when it is less than 40 mol%, and when the catalyst activity is not good when it is 10 mol% or more and less than 25 mol%, it is judged as acceptable level.
  • “ ⁇ ” and less than 10 mol% the catalyst activity was judged to be inferior (impossible), and “x” was assigned.
  • the yield obtained in the evaluation (1) compared to the yield of the compound by the functional structure before heating (the yield obtained in the evaluation (1) above), how much the yield of the compound by the functional structure after heating is maintained. It has been compared. Specifically, the yield of the compound by the functional structure after the heating (the present evaluation (the present evaluation)) with respect to the yield of the compound by the functional structure before the heating (the yield obtained in the evaluation (1)). The percentage (%) of the yield obtained in 2) was calculated.
  • the yield of the compound by the functional structure after heating was the yield of the compound by the functional structure before heating (the above evaluation (1 )), The case where it is maintained at 80% or more is judged as having excellent durability (heat resistance), and “ ⁇ ”, the case where it is maintained at 60% or more and less than 80%. Judgment that the durability (heat resistance) is good and "Good”, and the case where it is maintained at 40% or more and less than 60% is judged to be acceptable (possible) although the durability (heat resistance) is not good. In the case of “ ⁇ ” and lower than 40%, the durability (heat resistance) was judged to be inferior (impossible), and “X” was assigned.
  • Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were also subjected to the same performance evaluation as in the above evaluations (1) and (2).
  • the comparative example 2 is a skeleton body itself and does not have a functional substance. Therefore, in the performance evaluation, only the skeleton body of Comparative Example 2 was filled in place of the functional structure. The results are shown in Table 8.
  • the evaluation method was the same as the evaluation method performed in “(1) Catalytic activity” in [D] “Performance evaluation”.
  • the yield of the compound having a molecular weight smaller than that of butylbenzene contained in the product liquid is 32 mol% or more.
  • the catalytic activity in the decomposition reaction of butylbenzene was found to be above the acceptable level.
  • the silicalite of Comparative Example 1 in which the functional substance is attached only to the outer surface of the skeleton has a decomposition reaction of butylbenzene as compared with the skeleton of Comparative Example 2 that does not have any functional substance.
  • the catalytic activity was improved, the durability as a catalyst was inferior to the functional structures of Examples 1 to 768.

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  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une structure fonctionnelle qui supprime la dégradation de la fonction d'une substance fonctionnelle et peut ainsi atteindre une longue durée de vie, qui ne nécessite pas de travail de remplacement compliqué, et qui permet d'économiser des ressources. Une structure fonctionnelle (1) qui comprend : un squelette (10) qui a une structure poreuse qui est configurée à partir d'un composé de type zéolite; et au moins une substance fonctionnelle (20) qui est à l'intérieur du squelette (10). Le squelette (10) comporte des passages (11) qui communiquent l'un avec l'autre, et la substance fonctionnelle (20) se trouve dans au moins les passages (11) du squelette (10).
PCT/JP2018/021078 2017-05-31 2018-05-31 Structure fonctionnelle et procédé de production pour structure fonctionnelle WO2018221690A1 (fr)

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US16/698,679 US11648542B2 (en) 2017-05-31 2019-11-27 Functional structural body and method for making functional structural body
AU2021202968A AU2021202968B2 (en) 2017-05-31 2021-05-10 Functional structure and production method for functional structure
US18/171,140 US20230201814A1 (en) 2017-05-31 2023-02-17 Functional structural body and method for making functional structural body
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JP2023087022A (ja) 2023-06-22
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