WO2018220491A1 - 半導体装置、電子部品及び電子機器 - Google Patents
半導体装置、電子部品及び電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018220491A1 WO2018220491A1 PCT/IB2018/053722 IB2018053722W WO2018220491A1 WO 2018220491 A1 WO2018220491 A1 WO 2018220491A1 IB 2018053722 W IB2018053722 W IB 2018053722W WO 2018220491 A1 WO2018220491 A1 WO 2018220491A1
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- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- insulator
- transistor
- conductor
- region
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Images
Classifications
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- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L27/12—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body
- H01L27/1214—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs
- H01L27/1222—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs with a particular composition, shape or crystalline structure of the active layer
- H01L27/1225—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs with a particular composition, shape or crystalline structure of the active layer with semiconductor materials not belonging to the group IV of the periodic table, e.g. InGaZnO
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- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
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- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/7869—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film having a semiconductor body comprising an oxide semiconductor material, e.g. zinc oxide, copper aluminium oxide, cadmium stannate
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
- H01L25/04—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers
- H01L25/065—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L27/00
- H01L25/0655—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L27/00 the devices being arranged next to each other
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- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L27/12—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body
- H01L27/1214—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L27/12—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body
- H01L27/1214—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs
- H01L27/1255—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs integrated with passive devices, e.g. auxiliary capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/78645—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with multiple gate
- H01L29/78648—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with multiple gate arranged on opposing sides of the channel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B12/00—Dynamic random access memory [DRAM] devices
- H10B12/20—DRAM devices comprising floating-body transistors, e.g. floating-body cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B12/00—Dynamic random access memory [DRAM] devices
- H10B12/30—DRAM devices comprising one-transistor - one-capacitor [1T-1C] memory cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B80/00—Assemblies of multiple devices comprising at least one memory device covered by this subclass
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L27/12—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body
- H01L27/1214—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs
- H01L27/1218—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs with a particular composition or structure of the substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B12/00—Dynamic random access memory [DRAM] devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B41/00—Electrically erasable-and-programmable ROM [EEPROM] devices comprising floating gates
- H10B41/70—Electrically erasable-and-programmable ROM [EEPROM] devices comprising floating gates the floating gate being an electrode shared by two or more components
Definitions
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a semiconductor device and an electronic device.
- one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
- Technical fields of one embodiment of the present invention disclosed in this specification and the like include a semiconductor device, an imaging device, a display device, a light-emitting device, a power storage device, a memory device, a display system, an electronic device, a lighting device, an input device, and an input / output Devices, their driving methods, or their manufacturing methods can be cited as examples.
- a semiconductor device refers to all devices that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics.
- a transistor, a semiconductor circuit, an arithmetic device, a memory device, or the like is one embodiment of a semiconductor device.
- a display device, an imaging device, an electro-optical device, a power generation device (including a thin film solar cell and an organic thin film solar cell), and an electronic device may include a semiconductor device.
- Patent Document 1 describes a memory device including a transistor using an oxide semiconductor and a transistor using single crystal silicon. Further, it is described that a transistor including an oxide semiconductor has extremely small off-state current.
- oxide semiconductors not only single-component metal oxides such as indium oxide and zinc oxide but also multi-component metal oxides are known.
- IGZO In—Ga—Zn oxide
- Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 also disclose a technique for manufacturing a transistor using an oxide semiconductor having a CAAC structure. Furthermore, Non-Patent Document 4 and Non-Patent Document 5 show that even an oxide semiconductor having lower crystallinity than the CAAC structure and the nc structure has a minute crystal.
- Non-Patent Document 6 a transistor using IGZO as an active layer has extremely low off-state current (see Non-Patent Document 6), and an LSI and a display using the characteristics have been reported (see Non-Patent Document 7 and Non-Patent Document 8). .
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel semiconductor device. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device with low power consumption. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable semiconductor device. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device with a high degree of freedom in layout. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device that can be miniaturized or highly integrated. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel electronic component. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel electronic device.
- one embodiment of the present invention does not necessarily have to solve all of the problems described above, and may be any that can solve at least one problem. Further, the description of the above problem does not disturb the existence of other problems. Issues other than these will be apparent from the description of the specification, claims, drawings, etc., and other issues will be extracted from the description of the specification, claims, drawings, etc. Is possible.
- a semiconductor device includes a cell array, a first driver circuit, and a second driver circuit, the cell array includes a first memory cell and a second memory cell,
- the first driver circuit has a function of supplying a selection signal
- the second driver circuit has a function of writing or reading data
- the first memory cell includes a first transistor
- the second memory cell includes a second transistor and a second capacitor, and one of a source and a drain of the first transistor has a first capacitor.
- One of a source and a drain of the second transistor is electrically connected to the second capacitor
- the first driver circuit includes a third transistor
- the second transistor is electrically connected to the second transistor.
- the drive circuit includes a fourth transistor and includes a first transistor.
- the second transistor, the third transistor, and the fourth transistor each include a metal oxide in a channel formation region, and the first transistor, the second transistor, the third transistor, and the fourth transistor
- the channel formation region of the first transistor and the channel formation region of the second transistor are semiconductor devices formed in the same semiconductor layer.
- a semiconductor device includes a control circuit, the control circuit has a function of controlling operations of the first driver circuit and the second driver circuit, and the control circuit includes a fifth circuit.
- the fifth transistor has a metal oxide in a channel formation region, and the fifth transistor has polarities of the first transistor, the second transistor, the third transistor, and the fourth transistor. It may be the same as the polarity of the transistor.
- the first transistor includes a first gate electrode and a first insulating layer.
- the second transistor includes a second gate electrode; A first insulating layer having a region in contact with a side surface of the first gate electrode, and a second insulating layer having a region in contact with the side surface of the second gate electrode.
- the semiconductor layer may be electrically connected to a conductive layer having a region in contact with a side surface of the first insulating layer or the second insulating layer.
- the first transistor and the second transistor each include a back gate, and the back gate of the first transistor and the back gate of the second transistor have the same conductivity. You may be comprised by the layer.
- the semiconductor layer includes a layer containing a metal on the surface, and the layer containing the metal includes a first gate electrode, a second gate electrode, and a first insulating layer.
- the metal may be different from the main component of the semiconductor layer, and the metal may be formed in a region that does not overlap with the second insulating layer.
- the metal may be aluminum, ruthenium, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, or chromium.
- One embodiment of the present invention includes a package substrate, an interposer, an integrated circuit, and the above semiconductor device.
- the integrated circuit and the semiconductor device are provided over the interposer, and the integrated circuit includes wiring provided in the interposer.
- at least one of the integrated circuit and the semiconductor device is an electronic component that is electrically connected to the package substrate via the interposer.
- an electronic device is an electronic device including the above electronic component and a microphone, a speaker, or a camera.
- a novel semiconductor device can be provided.
- a semiconductor device with low power consumption can be provided.
- a highly reliable semiconductor device can be provided.
- a semiconductor device with a high degree of freedom in layout can be provided.
- a semiconductor device that can be miniaturized or highly integrated can be provided.
- a novel electronic component can be provided.
- a novel electronic device can be provided.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a configuration example of a memory circuit.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a configuration example of a memory circuit.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a configuration example of a memory circuit.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 8A and 8B are a top view and a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- 8A and 8B are a top view and a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 10 is a top view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 10 is a top view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 10 is a top view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- 8A and 8B are a top view and a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- 8A and 8B are a top view and a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- 8A and 8B are a top view and a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- 8A and 8B are a top view and a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are a perspective view and a top view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- FIGS. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a configuration example of an electronic device.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a configuration example of an electronic device.
- a metal oxide is a metal oxide in a broad expression.
- Metal oxides are classified into oxide insulators, oxide conductors (including transparent oxide conductors), oxide semiconductors (also referred to as oxide semiconductors or simply OS), and the like.
- oxide semiconductors also referred to as oxide semiconductors or simply OS
- the metal oxide may be referred to as an oxide semiconductor. That is, when a metal oxide has at least one of an amplifying function, a rectifying function, and a switching function, the metal oxide can be referred to as a metal oxide semiconductor, or OS for short.
- a transistor including a metal oxide in a channel formation region is also referred to as an OS transistor.
- metal oxides having nitrogen may be collectively referred to as metal oxides.
- a metal oxide containing nitrogen may be referred to as a metal oxynitride. Details of the metal oxide will be described later.
- X and Y are connected, X and Y are electrically connected, and X and Y function. And the case where X and Y are directly connected are disclosed in this specification and the like. Therefore, it is not limited to a predetermined connection relationship, for example, the connection relationship shown in the figure or text, and things other than the connection relation shown in the figure or text are also described in the figure or text.
- X and Y are assumed to be objects (for example, devices, elements, circuits, wirings, electrodes, terminals, conductive films, layers, etc.).
- an element that enables electrical connection between X and Y for example, a switch, a transistor, a capacitor, an inductor, a resistor, a diode, a display, etc.
- Element, light emitting element, load, etc. are not connected between X and Y
- elements for example, switches, transistors, capacitive elements, inductors
- resistor element for example, a diode, a display element, a light emitting element, a load, or the like.
- an element for example, a switch, a transistor, a capacitive element, an inductor, a resistance element, a diode, a display, etc.
- the switch has a function of controlling on / off. That is, the switch is in an on state or an off state, and has a function of controlling whether or not to pass a current. Alternatively, the switch has a function of selecting and switching a current flow path.
- the case where X and Y are electrically connected includes the case where X and Y are directly connected.
- a circuit for example, a logic circuit (an inverter, a NAND circuit, a NOR circuit, etc.) that enables a functional connection between X and Y, signal conversion, etc.
- Circuit (DA conversion circuit, AD conversion circuit, gamma correction circuit, etc.), potential level conversion circuit (power supply circuit (boost circuit, step-down circuit, etc.), level shifter circuit that changes signal potential level, etc.), voltage source, current source, switching Circuit, amplifier circuit (circuit that can increase signal amplitude or current amount, operational amplifier, differential amplifier circuit, source follower circuit, buffer circuit, etc.), signal generation circuit, memory circuit, control circuit, etc.)
- a circuit for example, a logic circuit (an inverter, a NAND circuit, a NOR circuit, etc.) that enables a functional connection between X and Y, signal conversion, etc.
- Circuit (DA conversion circuit, AD conversion circuit, gamma correction circuit, etc.), potential level conversion circuit (power supply circuit (boost circuit, step-down
- X and Y are functionally connected.
- the case where X and Y are functionally connected includes the case where X and Y are directly connected and the case where X and Y are electrically connected.
- one component may have the functions of a plurality of components. is there.
- one conductive film has both the functions of the constituent elements of the wiring function and the electrode function. Therefore, the term “electrically connected” in this specification includes in its category such a case where one conductive film has functions of a plurality of components.
- a top view also referred to as a “plan view”
- a perspective view a perspective view, and the like
- some components may be omitted in order to facilitate understanding of the invention.
- description of some hidden lines may be omitted.
- the ordinal numbers attached as the first, second, etc. are used for convenience and do not indicate the process order or the stacking order. Therefore, for example, the description can be made by appropriately replacing “first” with “second” or “third”.
- the ordinal numbers described in this specification and the like may not match the ordinal numbers used to specify one embodiment of the present invention.
- the channel length refers to, for example, a region where a semiconductor (or a portion where current flows in the semiconductor when the transistor is on) and a gate electrode overlap with each other in a top view of the transistor, or a region where a channel is formed
- the channel length is not necessarily the same in all regions. That is, the channel length of one transistor may not be fixed to one value. Therefore, in this specification, the channel length is any one of values, the maximum value, the minimum value, or the average value in a region where a channel is formed.
- the channel width is, for example, a region in which a semiconductor (or a portion in which a current flows in the semiconductor when the transistor is on) and a gate electrode overlap each other, or a source and a drain in a region where a channel is formed. This is the length of the part. Note that in one transistor, the channel width is not necessarily the same in all regions. That is, the channel width of one transistor may not be fixed to one value. Therefore, in this specification, the channel width is any one of values, the maximum value, the minimum value, or the average value in a region where a channel is formed.
- the channel width in a region where a channel is actually formed (hereinafter also referred to as “effective channel width”) and the channel width (hereinafter “apparently” shown in the top view of the transistor).
- channel width Sometimes referred to as “channel width”).
- the effective channel width may be larger than the apparent channel width, and the influence may not be negligible.
- the ratio of a channel formation region formed on the side surface of the semiconductor may increase. In that case, the effective channel width is larger than the apparent channel width.
- a silicon oxynitride film has a higher oxygen content than nitrogen as its composition.
- oxygen is 55 atomic% to 65 atomic%
- nitrogen is 1 atomic% to 20 atomic%
- silicon is 25 atomic% to 35 atomic%
- hydrogen is 0.1 atomic% to 10 atomic%. It is included in the concentration range.
- the silicon nitride oxide film has a nitrogen content higher than that of oxygen.
- nitrogen is 55 atomic% to 65 atomic%
- oxygen is 1 atomic% to 20 atomic%
- silicon is 25 atomic% to 35 atomic%
- hydrogen is 0.1 atomic% to 10 atomic%. It is included in the concentration range.
- film and “layer” can be interchanged.
- conductive layer may be changed to the term “conductive film”.
- insulating film may be changed to the term “insulating layer” in some cases.
- the term “insulator” can be referred to as an insulating film or an insulating layer.
- the term “conductor” can be restated as a conductive film or a conductive layer.
- the term “semiconductor” can be restated as a semiconductor film or a semiconductor layer.
- a semiconductor device includes a memory circuit formed using an OS transistor.
- FIG. 1A-1 illustrates a configuration example of the memory circuit MEM.
- the memory circuit MEM includes a cell array CA, a drive circuit WD, and a drive circuit BD.
- the cell array CA includes a plurality of memory cells MC arranged in a matrix.
- the memory cell MC has a function of storing data.
- the memory cell MC may have a function of storing binary (high level and low level) data, or may have a function of storing multilevel data of four or more values.
- the memory cell MC may have a function of storing analog data.
- FIG. 1A-1 illustrates a configuration example in which one wiring BL is shared by two adjacent memory cells MC that belong to the same row.
- the drive circuit WD has a function of selecting the memory cell MC. Specifically, the driver circuit WD has a function of supplying a signal for selecting a memory cell MC from which data is written or read (hereinafter also referred to as a selection signal) to the wiring WL.
- the drive circuit BD has a function of writing data to the memory cell MC and a function of reading data stored in the memory cell MC. Specifically, the drive circuit BD supplies a potential corresponding to data stored in the memory cell MC (hereinafter also referred to as a write potential) to the wiring BL connected to the memory cell MC in which data is written. Have In addition, the driver circuit BD has a function of reading a potential (hereinafter, also referred to as a read potential) corresponding to data stored in the memory cell MC and outputting the same to the outside.
- a potential hereinafter, also referred to as a read potential
- the memory cell MC, the drive circuit WD, and the drive circuit BD are configured by OS transistors. Since the band gap of an oxide semiconductor is 3.0 eV or more, the OS transistor has a small leakage current due to thermal excitation and an extremely small off-state current. Note that off-state current refers to current that flows between a source and a drain when a transistor is off.
- the oxide semiconductor used for the channel formation region of the transistor is preferably an oxide semiconductor containing at least one of indium (In) and zinc (Zn). As such an oxide semiconductor, an In-M-Zn oxide (the element M is typically Al, Ga, Y, or Sn) is typical.
- the oxide semiconductor By reducing impurities such as moisture and hydrogen which are electron donors (donors) and reducing oxygen vacancies, the oxide semiconductor can be i-type (intrinsic) or substantially i-type. Such an oxide semiconductor can be referred to as a highly purified oxide semiconductor. Note that details of the OS transistor will be described in Embodiment 3.
- the OS transistor Since the OS transistor has an extremely small off-state current, it is particularly suitable as a transistor used for the memory cell MC.
- the off-current per channel width of the OS transistor can be 100 zA / ⁇ m or less, 10 zA / ⁇ m or less, 1 zA / ⁇ m or less, or 10 yA / ⁇ m or less.
- FIG. 1A-2 shows a configuration example of a memory cell MC using an OS transistor.
- two adjacent memory cells MC are shown, and one memory cell is also called a memory cell MCa, and the other memory cell MC is also called a memory cell MCb.
- One wiring BL is shared by the memory cell MCa and the memory cell MCb.
- Each memory cell MC includes a transistor T and a capacitor C.
- the transistor T and the capacitor C included in the memory cell MCa are also referred to as a transistor Ta and a capacitor Ca, respectively, and the transistor T and the capacitor C included in the memory cell MCb are also referred to as a transistor Tb and a capacitor Cb, respectively.
- the wirings WL connected to the memory cells MCa and MCb are also referred to as wirings WLa and WLb, respectively.
- the transistor T is an n-channel OS transistor.
- the gate of the transistor T is connected to the wiring WL, one of the source and the drain is connected to one electrode of the capacitor C, and the other of the source and the drain is connected to the wiring BL.
- the other electrode of the capacitor C is connected to a wiring VL to which a constant potential (for example, a ground potential) is supplied. Note that a node connected to one of the source and the drain of the transistor T and one electrode of the capacitor C is a node N.
- a writing potential is supplied to the wiring BL. Then, by supplying a selection signal (high-level potential) to the wiring WL, the transistor T is turned on. As a result, the write potential is supplied to the node N. After that, by supplying a low-level potential to the wiring WL, the transistor T is turned off. As a result, the node N enters a floating state, and the write potential is held.
- the potential of the wiring BL becomes the read potential.
- the transistor T is turned on. Accordingly, the potential of the wiring BL is determined according to the potential of the node N, and data stored in the memory cell MC is read.
- the potential of the node N is held for an extremely long period in a period in which the transistor T is in an off state. As a result, the frequency of data refresh can be extremely reduced, and the power consumption can be reduced.
- the memory cell MC since the memory cell MC rewrites data by charging and discharging the capacitor C, the memory cell MC has no restriction on the number of rewrites in principle, and data can be written and read with low energy. . Further, since the circuit configuration of the memory cell MC is simple, it is easy to increase the capacity of the memory circuit MEM.
- FIG. 1B shows a configuration example of the memory cell MC.
- the memory cell MCa has a transistor Ta and a capacitor element Ca
- the memory cell MCb has a transistor Tb and a capacitor element Cb.
- the conductive layer functioning as the gate of the transistor Ta is connected to the wiring WLa
- the conductive layer functioning as the gate of the transistor Tb is connected to the wiring WLb.
- a conductive layer having a function as an electrode of the capacitor Ca is connected to the wiring VL.
- the conductive layer functioning as an electrode of the capacitor Cb is connected to the wiring VL.
- the transistor Ta and the transistor Tb may have a pair of gates. Note that in the case where a transistor includes a pair of gates, one gate may be referred to as a first gate, a front gate, or simply a gate, and the other gate may be referred to as a second gate or a back gate.
- FIG. 1A-2 shows a configuration example in which the transistor Ta and the transistor Tb each have a back gate.
- the back gates of the transistor Ta and the transistor Tb are connected to the wiring BGL.
- the threshold voltages of the transistor Ta and the transistor Tb can be controlled.
- the threshold voltages of the transistor Ta and the transistor Tb can be made higher than 0V.
- off current can be reduced.
- the back gates of the transistor Ta and the transistor Tb may be formed of the same conductive layer.
- the transistor Ta and the transistor Tb are formed using a common oxide OX.
- the oxide OX has a function as a semiconductor layer of the transistor Ta and the transistor Tb and a function as an electrode of the capacitor Ca and the capacitor Cb. That is, the channel formation region of the transistor Ta and the channel formation region of the transistor Tb are formed in the same semiconductor layer.
- the oxide OX is connected to a conductive layer connected to the wiring BL.
- the conductive layer connected to the wiring BL has a function as a source or drain of the transistor Ta and a function as a source or drain of the transistor Tb.
- the area of the cell array CA can be reduced because the transistor Ta and the transistor Tb share the wiring BL.
- Specific structures of the memory cell MCa and the memory cell MCb illustrated in FIG. 1B will be described in Embodiment 3.
- the cell array CA can be configured using an n-channel OS transistor.
- a circuit constituted by transistors having the same polarity is hereinafter also referred to as a unipolar circuit.
- the drive circuit WD and the drive circuit BD can also be configured by a unipolar circuit using OS transistors. Accordingly, the polarity of the transistors included in the cell array CA, the drive circuit WD, and the drive circuit BD can be made the same, and the memory circuit MEM can be configured by a unipolar circuit using OS transistors. In this case, the transistors included in the cell array CA, the drive circuit WD, and the drive circuit BD can be simultaneously manufactured through the same process.
- a unipolar circuit using an OS transistor can be stacked on a semiconductor substrate. Therefore, the memory circuit MEM formed of a unipolar circuit can be stacked above the circuit formed on the semiconductor substrate, and the area of the semiconductor device can be reduced.
- FIG. 2 shows a configuration example of the semiconductor device 10.
- the semiconductor device 10 includes a layer 20 including a unipolar circuit configured using an OS transistor.
- the layer 20 can be provided with the memory circuit MEM illustrated in FIG.
- the data written in the cell array CA is input to the drive circuit BD from the outside.
- the data read from the cell array CA is output from the drive circuit BD to the outside.
- the cell array CA, the drive circuit WD, and the drive circuit BD included in the memory circuit MEM are each composed of a unipolar circuit using OS transistors. Thereby, the memory circuit MEM can be formed in the same layer 20.
- connection portions for connecting these transistors are required.
- a plurality of memory cells MC are configured using OS transistors and transistors formed in other layers, connection between two layers is required in each memory cell MC, and the number of connection portions increases. Becomes more prominent. This increase in the number of connecting portions causes a reduction in the degree of freedom in circuit layout.
- connection portion serves as an impurity path, and the impurity can enter the layer 20 through the connection portion. Therefore, when the number of connection portions between the two layers is increased, impurities mixed in the oxide semiconductor are increased, which causes deterioration of the OS transistor formed in the layer 20.
- the memory circuit MEM is configured by a unipolar circuit using an OS transistor. Therefore, connection with different layers inside the memory circuit MEM becomes unnecessary. As a result, the number of connection portions can be reduced, and the degree of freedom in circuit layout and the reliability of the OS transistor can be improved.
- the number of connection portions can be greatly reduced by configuring the memory cells MC with a unipolar circuit. Further, by providing the driver circuit WD and the driver circuit BD in the same layer as the cell array CA, the driver circuit WD and the cell array CA, and a large number of wirings WL and wirings BL that connect the driver circuit BD and the cell array CA are provided between the layers. This can be avoided, and the number of connecting portions can be further reduced.
- the memory circuit MEM can be used as, for example, a cache memory, a main memory device, or an auxiliary memory device in a computer.
- the layer 20 may have a control circuit CC.
- the control circuit CC has a function of controlling operations of the drive circuit WD and the drive circuit BD. Specifically, the control circuit CC controls various signals for controlling the operation of the drive circuit WD and the drive circuit BD based on a control signal (such as an address signal, a clock signal, or a chip enable signal) input from the outside. It has the function to generate.
- a control signal such as an address signal, a clock signal, or a chip enable signal
- the drive circuit WD generates a selection signal based on a signal (such as an address signal or a control signal) supplied from the control circuit CC, and supplies the selection signal to the cell array CA.
- the drive circuit BD generates a write potential corresponding to data input from the outside based on a signal (address signal, control signal, or the like) supplied from the control circuit CC, and outputs the write potential to the cell array CA.
- the drive circuit BD outputs data read from the cell array CA to the outside based on a signal (address signal, control signal, or the like) supplied from the control circuit CC.
- the control circuit CC is composed of a unipolar circuit using OS transistors. Therefore, the control circuit CC can be provided in the layer 20, and the operation of the memory circuit MEM can be controlled by the control circuit CC provided in the same layer. Thereby, the connection part between the control circuit CC and the drive circuit WD and the drive circuit BD can be omitted.
- layer 20 may include a processor and peripheral circuitry.
- the processor and the peripheral circuit are configured by a unipolar circuit using an OS transistor.
- a CPU Central Processor Unit
- MPU Micro Processor Unit
- GPU Graphics Processing Unit
- a memory circuit an input / output circuit, a power management unit, a timer, a counter, a conversion circuit (an AD conversion circuit, a DA conversion circuit, or the like) can be used. Note that a plurality of peripheral circuits may be provided.
- control circuit CC may be connected to the processor and peripheral circuits via a bus.
- data or signals can be transmitted / received among the control circuit CC, the processor, and the peripheral circuits via the bus.
- processing such as using data output from the cell array CA to the control circuit CC for processing by a processor or a peripheral circuit can be performed.
- the layer 20 can be stacked on a semiconductor substrate, and a signal input to the layer 20 can be supplied from a circuit formed on the semiconductor substrate.
- FIG. 3 shows a configuration example in which the layer 20 is stacked on the layer 30.
- the layer 30 has a circuit constituted by transistors formed on the semiconductor substrate.
- the circuit may have a function of outputting a control signal to the control circuit CC or a function of outputting data to the drive circuit BD.
- data output from the drive circuit BD may be input to a circuit included in the layer 30.
- the layer 20 and the layer 30 are connected by wiring provided between the layers.
- the number of connection portions between the layer 20 and the layer 30 can be reduced by configuring the memory circuit MEM with a unipolar circuit using an OS transistor.
- the semiconductor device 10 can be used as a storage device, an arithmetic device, or the like.
- a transistor in which a channel formation region is formed in a film containing a semiconductor material other than an oxide semiconductor can also be used.
- examples of such a transistor include an amorphous silicon film, a microcrystalline silicon film, a polycrystalline silicon film, a single crystal silicon film, an amorphous germanium film, a microcrystalline germanium film, a polycrystalline germanium film, or a single crystal germanium.
- a transistor using a film as a semiconductor layer can be given.
- control circuit CC is provided in the layer 20 in the layer 20
- the control circuit CC may be provided in the layer 30 illustrated in FIG.
- the control circuit CC is constituted by a transistor formed on the semiconductor substrate.
- the control circuit CC is connected to the drive circuit WD and the drive circuit BD via a connection portion formed between the layer 20 and the layer 30.
- the processor and the peripheral circuit may be provided in the layer 30.
- the processor and the peripheral circuit are constituted by transistors formed on a semiconductor substrate.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a configuration example of the semiconductor device 10 in which one layer 20 including the memory circuit MEM is provided. However, two or more layers 20 may be stacked.
- FIG. 4 shows a structure in which N layers (N is an integer of 2 or more) layers 20 (layers 20_1 to 20_N) are stacked.
- Each of the layers 20_1 to 20_N includes memory circuits MEM_1 to MEM_N. Note that the configurations and functions of the memory circuits MEM_1 to MEM_N are the same as those of the memory circuit MEM in FIG.
- the amount of data stored in the semiconductor device 10 can be increased by stacking the memory circuits MEM.
- FIG. 2 shows a configuration example in which the memory circuit MEM is provided in the layer 20, the circuit provided in the layer 20 is not limited to the memory circuit MEM.
- the layer 20 may be provided with a plurality of circuits having different functions.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a configuration example in which the layer 20 includes a memory circuit MEM, an FPGA, and an analog arithmetic circuit.
- FPGA is a device that allows the user to arbitrarily change the circuit configuration.
- the change in the circuit configuration of the FPGA is performed by changing data (configuration data) stored in the configuration memory provided in the logic element of the FPGA and the switch between wirings.
- the configuration memory can be configured by a unipolar circuit using an OS transistor.
- Analog operation circuit has a function to perform operations using analog data.
- This analog data is stored in an analog memory provided in the analog arithmetic circuit.
- the analog arithmetic circuit can be used for arithmetic operation of AI (Artificial Intelligence), for example.
- AI Artificial Intelligence
- the product-sum operation of the neural network can be performed by an analog operation circuit provided in the layer 20.
- An analog memory provided in the analog arithmetic circuit can be configured by a unipolar circuit using an OS transistor.
- FIG. 5 shows a configuration example in which the memory circuit MEM, FPGA, and analog arithmetic circuit are provided in the same layer 20, these circuits may be provided in different layers 20, respectively.
- the semiconductor device 10 may have a function as an imaging device.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a configuration example of the semiconductor device 10 having a function as an imaging device.
- the semiconductor device 10 illustrated in FIG. 6 has a structure in which a layer 40 is stacked above the layer 20 (see FIG. 2) including the memory circuit MEM.
- the layer 40 has a light receiving part 41 constituted by a plurality of light receiving elements.
- the light receiving unit 41 has a function of converting the irradiated light 42 into an electrical signal and outputting it as imaging data.
- a pn junction photodiode using a selenium-based material as a photoelectric conversion layer can be used as the light receiving element.
- a photoelectric conversion element using a selenium-based material has high external quantum efficiency with respect to visible light, and can realize a highly sensitive photosensor.
- Selenium-based material can be used as a p-type semiconductor.
- the selenium-based material include crystalline selenium such as single crystal selenium and polycrystalline selenium, amorphous selenium, copper, indium, selenium compound (CIS), or copper, indium, gallium, selenium compound (CIGS), etc. Can be used.
- the n-type semiconductor of the pn junction photodiode is preferably formed of a material having a wide band gap and a light-transmitting property with respect to visible light.
- a material having a wide band gap and a light-transmitting property with respect to visible light for example, zinc oxide, gallium oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, or an oxide in which they are mixed can be used.
- a pn junction photodiode using a p-type silicon semiconductor and an n-type silicon semiconductor may be used. Further, it may be a pin junction photodiode in which an i-type silicon semiconductor layer is provided between a p-type silicon semiconductor and an n-type silicon semiconductor.
- the photodiode using silicon can be formed using single crystal silicon, amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, or the like.
- the layer 40 may have a drive circuit 43 connected to the light receiving unit 41.
- the imaging data acquired by the light receiving unit 41 is read by the driving circuit 43 and output to the outside.
- the drive circuit 43 can be configured by a unipolar circuit using an OS transistor.
- the semiconductor device 10 shown in FIG. 6 can be used as a sensor built in a camera or the like.
- This embodiment mode can be combined with any of the other embodiment modes as appropriate.
- FIG. 7 shows a specific configuration example of the memory circuit MEM.
- the memory circuit MEM illustrated in FIG. 7 includes one or a plurality of cell arrays CA and the same number of amplifier circuits ACa as the cell arrays CA.
- the memory circuit MEM includes an amplifier circuit ACb including a plurality of sense amplifiers SA, a drive circuit SAD, and an input / output circuit IO.
- the drive circuit BD in FIG. 1 includes an amplifier circuit ACa, an amplifier circuit ACb, a drive circuit SAD, and an input / output circuit IO.
- the amplifier circuit ACa has a function of amplifying the potential of the wiring BL. Specifically, a potential (read potential) supplied from the cell array CA to the wiring BL is amplified by the amplifier circuit ACa and output to the wiring GBL. Note that the amplifier circuit ACa may have a function of selecting whether or not to output the potential of the wiring BL to the wiring GBL. Then, the potential output to the wiring GBL is input to the amplifier circuit ACb.
- the amplifier circuit ACb has a function of amplifying the potential of the wiring GBL. Specifically, the amplifier circuit ACb has a function of amplifying a read potential output from the cell array CA via the amplifier circuit ACa and outputting the amplified potential to the input / output circuit IO. The amplifier circuit ACb has a function of amplifying a write potential input from the input / output circuit IO and outputting the amplified potential to the wiring GBL. A plurality of sense amplifiers SA are used for potential amplification by the amplifier circuit ACb.
- the sense amplifier SA has a function of amplifying a potential difference between the two wirings GBL. Specifically, the sense amplifier SA is connected to two wirings GBL, and has a function of amplifying a difference between the reference potential and the potential of the other wiring GBL with the potential of one wiring GBL as a reference potential. The sense amplifier SA has a function of holding the potential difference between the two wirings GBL.
- the drive circuit SAD has a function of receiving a control signal for controlling the operation of the sense amplifier SA, an address signal, and the like, and controlling the sense amplifier SA.
- the drive circuit SAD selects a sense amplifier SA that outputs a signal to the input / output circuit IO, and selects a sense amplifier SA that receives a signal output from the input / output circuit IO. Note that the drive circuit SAD may be connected to the control circuit 21 in FIG.
- the input / output circuit IO has a function of outputting data read from the cell array CA via the sense amplifier SA to the outside.
- the input / output circuit IO has a function of outputting data input from the outside to the cell array CA via the sense amplifier SA.
- an amplifier circuit may be further provided between the amplifier circuit ACb and the input / output circuit IO.
- the amplifier circuit has a function of amplifying the output of the amplifier circuit ACb and supplying it to the input / output circuit IO, and a function of amplifying the output of the input / output circuit IO and supplying it to the amplifier circuit ACb.
- the amplifier circuit ACa, the amplifier circuit ACb, the drive circuit SAD, and the input / output circuit IO can be configured by a unipolar circuit using an OS transistor.
- the drive circuit BD can be configured by a unipolar circuit, and the drive circuit BD can be provided in the layer 20 shown in FIG.
- circuits included in the memory circuit MEM can be arranged as shown in FIG. In FIG. 8, a plurality of cell arrays CA and an amplifier circuit ACa are arranged so as to face each other in the vertical direction on the paper with the amplifier circuit ACb interposed therebetween.
- the sense amplifier SA is connected to a wiring GBL connected to the upper cell array CA and a wiring GBL connected to the lower cell array CA, and amplifies the potential difference between these wirings GBL.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 the layout of the memory circuit MEM illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8 can be referred to as a folded type and an open type, respectively.
- This embodiment mode can be combined with any of the other embodiment modes as appropriate.
- ⁇ Configuration example of semiconductor device> 9 to 14 are a top view and a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor device including the transistor 700, the memory cell 600a, and the memory cell 600b according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the memory cell 600a and the memory cell 600b may be collectively referred to as the memory cell 600.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention, and corresponds to the layer 20 described in the above embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention, which is different from FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view in the channel width direction of the transistor 700 whose channel length direction is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 12A is a top view of the memory cell 600a and the memory cell 600b.
- 12B, 13A, and 13B are cross-sectional views of the memory cell 600a and the memory cell 600b.
- FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional view taken along dashed-dotted line A1-A2 in FIG.
- FIG. 12A is also a cross-sectional view in the channel length direction of the transistors 200a and 200b.
- FIG. 13A is a cross-sectional view taken along dashed-dotted line A3-A4 in FIG. 12A and is a cross-sectional view in the channel width direction of the transistor 200a. Note that a cross-sectional view in the channel width direction of the transistor 200b is similar to the cross-sectional view in the channel width direction of the transistor 200a illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view taken along the dashed-dotted line A5-A6 in FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along the dashed-dotted line A7-A8 in FIG. Note that in the top view of FIG. 12A, some elements are omitted for clarity.
- the transistor 700 corresponds to a transistor provided in the drive circuit WD, the drive circuit BD, or the control circuit CC.
- Memory cell 600a corresponds to memory cell MCa
- transistor 200a corresponds to transistor Ta
- capacitive element 100a corresponds to capacitive element Ca
- the memory cell 600b corresponds to the memory cell MCb
- the transistor 200b corresponds to the transistor Tb
- the capacitor 100b corresponds to the capacitor Cb.
- the transistor 200a and the transistor 200b may be collectively referred to as the transistor 200.
- the capacitive element 100a and the capacitive element 100b may be collectively referred to as the capacitive element 100.
- the layers corresponding to the layer 20 of the semiconductor device described in this embodiment are the transistor 200a, the transistor 200b, the capacitor 100a, the capacitor 100b, the transistor 700, the insulator 210 functioning as an interlayer film, and the insulator. 212, an insulator 273, an insulator 274, an insulator 280, an insulator 282, and an insulator 284. Further, the conductor 203a electrically connected to the transistor 200a and functioning as a wiring, the conductor 203b electrically connected to the transistor 200b and functioning as a wiring, the conductor 240a functioning as a plug, the conductor 240b, and And a conductor 240c.
- a conductor 703 that functions as a wiring by being electrically connected to the transistor 700, and a conductor 740a and a conductor 740b that function as plugs are included.
- the conductor 112 that functions as a wiring layer by connecting to the conductor 240 or 740 and the insulator 150 may be provided over the insulator 284.
- the conductor 203a and the conductor 203b may be collectively referred to as the conductor 203.
- the conductor 240a, the conductor 240b, and the conductor 240c may be collectively referred to as the conductor 240.
- the conductor 740a and the conductor 740b may be collectively referred to as a conductor 740.
- the conductor 703 is formed in the same layer as the conductor 203 and the conductor 740 is formed in the same layer as the conductor 240 and has the same structure. Therefore, the description of the conductor 203 can be referred to for the conductor 703 and the conductor 240 can be referred to for the conductor 740.
- the conductor 203 is in contact with the inner wall of the opening of the insulator 212, the first conductor of the conductor 203 is formed, and the second conductor of the conductor 203 is further formed inside.
- the height of the upper surface of the conductor 203 and the height of the upper surface of the insulator 212 can be approximately the same.
- the conductor 203 may be provided as a single layer or a stacked structure including three or more layers.
- an ordinal number may be given in the order of formation to be distinguished.
- the conductor 703 has a structure similar to that of the conductor 203.
- the insulator 273 is disposed over the transistor 200a, the transistor 200b, the transistor 700, and the capacitor 100.
- the insulator 274 is disposed on the insulator 273.
- Insulator 280 is disposed on insulator 274.
- the insulator 282 is disposed on the insulator 280.
- the insulator 284 is disposed on the insulator 282.
- the conductor 240 is formed in contact with the insulator 273, the insulator 274, the insulator 280, the insulator 282, and the inner wall of the opening of the insulator 284.
- the height of the upper surface of the conductor 240 and the height of the upper surface of the insulator 284 can be approximately the same.
- the conductor 240 may be a single layer or a stacked structure of three or more layers.
- the conductor 740 has a structure similar to that of the conductor 240.
- the transistor 200a and the transistor 200b include an insulator 214 and an insulator 216 which are provided over a substrate (not illustrated), and the insulator 214 and the insulator 216.
- Conductor 205a and conductor 205b arranged to be embedded, insulator 216, insulator 220 disposed on conductor 205a and conductor 205b, and insulator 222 disposed on insulator 220 And an insulator 224 disposed on the insulator 222, an oxide 230a disposed on the insulator 224, an oxide 230b disposed on the oxide 230a, and an oxide 230b.
- the oxide 230ca and the oxide 230cb are disposed, the insulator 250a is disposed on the oxide 230ca, and the oxide 230cb is disposed.
- a portion located between the conductors 260a and 260b is referred to as a layer 242b, and a portion located on the opposite side of the layer 242b across the conductor 260a is referred to as a layer 242a, and the conductor 260b is sandwiched therebetween.
- a portion located on the opposite side of the layer 242b may be referred to as a layer 242c.
- a conductor 240b is provided in contact with the layer 242b.
- the layer 242a functions as one of a source and a drain
- the layer 242b functions as the other of the source and the drain
- the conductor 260a functions as a front gate
- the insulator 250a functions as a gate insulating layer for the front gate.
- the conductor 205a functions as a back gate
- the insulator 220, the insulator 222, and the insulator 224 function as a gate insulating layer for the back gate.
- the layer 242b functions as one of a source and a drain
- the layer 242c functions as the other of the source and the drain
- the conductor 260b functions as a front gate
- the insulator 250b functions as a gate insulating layer with respect to the front gate.
- the conductor 205b functions as a back gate
- the insulator 220, the insulator 222, and the insulator 224 function as a gate insulating layer for the back gate.
- the conductor 240b is electrically connected to a conductor corresponding to the wiring BL.
- the conductor 260a functions as the wiring WLa or is electrically connected to a conductor corresponding to the wiring WLa.
- the conductor 260b functions as the wiring WLb or is electrically connected to a conductor corresponding to the wiring WLb.
- the conductor 203a and the conductor 203b function as the wiring BGL.
- the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, the oxide 230ca, and the oxide 230cb may be collectively referred to as the oxide 230.
- the oxide 230ca and the oxide 230cb may be collectively referred to as an oxide 230c.
- the conductor 205a and the conductor 205b may be collectively referred to as the conductor 205.
- the insulator 250a and the insulator 250b may be collectively referred to as the insulator 250.
- the metal oxide 252a and the metal oxide 252b may be collectively referred to as a metal oxide 252.
- the conductor 260a and the conductor 260b may be collectively referred to as the conductor 260. Further, the conductor 260aa and the conductor 260ab may be collectively referred to as a conductor 260a. Further, the conductor 260ba and the conductor 260bb may be collectively referred to as a conductor 260b.
- the insulator 270a and the insulator 270b may be collectively referred to as an insulator 270. In the following, the insulator 271a and the insulator 271b may be collectively referred to as an insulator 271.
- the insulator 275a and the insulator 275b may be collectively referred to as an insulator 275.
- the transistor 200b is formed in the same layer as the transistor 200a and has a similar structure. Therefore, in the following description, the description of the structure of the transistor 200a can be referred to for the structure of the transistor 200b unless otherwise specified.
- the transistor 700 is embedded in the insulator 214 and the insulator 216 which are disposed over a substrate (not shown), and the insulator 214 and the insulator 216.
- the conductor 740a is disposed in contact with one of the layers 742
- the conductor 740b is disposed in contact with the other of the layers 742.
- one of the layers 742 functions as one of a source and a drain
- the other of the layer 742 functions as the other of the source and the drain
- the conductor 760 functions as a front gate
- the conductor 705 functions as a back gate.
- the transistor 700 is formed in the same layer as the transistor 200 and has a similar structure. Therefore, the oxide 730 has a structure similar to that of the oxide 230, and the description of the oxide 230 can be referred to.
- the conductor 705 has a structure similar to that of the conductor 205, and the description of the conductor 205 can be referred to.
- the insulator 724 has a structure similar to that of the insulator 224, and the description of the insulator 224 can be referred to.
- the insulator 750 has a structure similar to that of the insulator 250, and the description of the insulator 250 can be referred to.
- the metal oxide 752 has a structure similar to that of the metal oxide 252, and the description of the metal oxide 252 can be referred to.
- the conductor 760 has a structure similar to that of the conductor 260, and the description of the conductor 260 can be referred to.
- the insulator 770 has a structure similar to that of the insulator 270, and the description of the insulator 270 can be referred to.
- the insulator 771 has a structure similar to that of the insulator 271, and the description of the insulator 271 can be referred to.
- the insulator 775 has a structure similar to that of the insulator 275, and the description of the insulator 275 can be referred to.
- the description of the structure of the transistor 200 can be referred to for the structure of the transistor 700 as described above unless otherwise specified.
- the transistor 200 has a structure in which three layers of the oxide 230a, the oxide 230b, and the oxide 230c are stacked, the present invention is not limited to this.
- a structure in which a single layer of the oxide 230b, a two-layer structure of the oxide 230b and the oxide 230a, a two-layer structure of the oxide 230b and the oxide 230c, or a stacked structure of four or more layers may be employed.
- the conductors 260a and 260b are stacked is described; however, the present invention is not limited to this. The same applies to the conductor 760 of the transistor 700.
- the capacitor 100a includes a layer 242a (a region of the oxide 230 that functions as one of a source and a drain of the transistor 200a), an insulator 130a over the layer 242a, and a conductor 120a over the insulator 130a.
- the conductor 120a is preferably arranged so that at least part of the conductor 120a overlaps with the layer 242a with the insulator 130a interposed therebetween.
- a conductor 240a is disposed on and in contact with the conductor 120a.
- the capacitor 100b includes a layer 242c (a region in which the oxide 230 functions as one of the source and the drain of the transistor 200b), the insulator 130b over the layer 242c, and the conductor 120b over the insulator 130b.
- the conductor 120b is preferably arranged so that at least a part thereof overlaps with the layer 242b with the insulator 130b interposed therebetween.
- a conductor 240c is disposed on and in contact with the conductor 120b.
- the insulator 130a and the insulator 130b may be collectively referred to as the insulator 130.
- the conductor 120a and the conductor 120b may be collectively referred to as the conductor 120.
- the layer 242a functions as one of the electrodes, and the conductor 120a functions as the other of the electrodes.
- the insulator 130a functions as a dielectric of the capacitor 100a.
- the layer 242a functions as one of the source and the drain of the transistor 200a and one of the electrodes of the capacitor 100a, and functions as the node N.
- the conductor 240a is electrically connected to a conductor corresponding to the wiring VL.
- the layer 242c functions as one of the electrodes, and the conductor 120b functions as the other of the electrodes.
- the insulator 130b functions as a dielectric of the capacitor 100b.
- the layer 242c functions as one of the source and the drain of the transistor 200b and one of the electrodes of the capacitor 100b, and functions as the node N.
- the conductor 240c is electrically connected to a conductor corresponding to the wiring VL.
- the insulator 130a and the insulator 130b are illustrated as having a multilayer structure, but a single-layer structure may also be used as illustrated in FIG.
- the conductors 740a and 740b are provided close to each other, but may be provided separately as shown in FIG.
- the conductor 240a and the conductor 240c that are electrically connected to the wiring VL embedded in the insulator 280 or the like are illustrated in FIG. 10 because one electrode of the capacitor 100a and the capacitor 100b also serves as the function. Can be omitted.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a structure in which the wiring BL is disposed so as to be orthogonal to the wirings WLa and WLb.
- the conductor 240a, the conductor 240b, and the conductor 240c are arranged on a straight line; however, the semiconductor device described in this embodiment is not limited to this, and the circuit of the memory cell array What is necessary is just to arrange
- the conductor 260a, the conductor 260b, the conductor 203a, and the conductor 203b may function as wirings.
- the channel width of the transistor 200a or the transistor 200b may be increased. You may provide by extending
- the conductor 120a, the conductor 120b, the conductor 203a, and the conductor 203b that function as wirings are extended in the same direction as the conductor 260a and the conductor 260b;
- the semiconductor device is not limited to this, and may be appropriately arranged in accordance with the circuit arrangement of the memory cell array and the driving method.
- the memory cell 600a and the memory cell 600b illustrated in FIG. 16 are configured so that the wiring WLa and the wiring WLb and the wiring BL are orthogonal to each other (x direction and y direction in the drawing) as illustrated in FIG. Can do.
- the wiring VL can be provided in a direction in which the wiring WLa and the wiring WLb extend (the x direction in the drawing).
- FIG. 18 When the memory cells 600a and 600b shown in FIG. 16 are arranged in a matrix of 3 rows and 3 columns, a top view shown in FIG. 18 is obtained.
- the wiring with the conductor 260 extended is the wiring WL_1 to the wiring WL_6, and the wiring with the conductor 120 extended is the wiring VL.
- wirings BL_1 to BL_3 are provided in contact with the top surface of the conductor 240b.
- the extending direction of the wirings WL_1 to WL_6 and the extending direction of the wirings BL_1 to BL_3 are substantially orthogonal. Further, the extending direction of the wiring VL may be substantially orthogonal to the extending direction of the wiring BL_1 to the wiring BL_3. As shown in FIG.
- the cell array shown in FIG. 1 and the like can be configured by arranging the memory cells 600a and 600b in a matrix.
- FIG. 18 shows an example in which 3 ⁇ 3 memory cells 600a and 600b are arranged, but this embodiment is not limited to this, and memory cells or wirings included in the cell array are not limited to this. The number and arrangement may be set as appropriate. Further, in the top view of FIG. 18, some elements shown in FIG. 16 are omitted for clarity of illustration.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to the portion indicated by the one-dot chain line of X1-X2 shown in FIG.
- the wiring BL_1 and the wirings WL_1 to WL_4 are orthogonal to each other.
- the wiring BL_1 and the wiring VL are orthogonal to each other.
- the wiring VL is provided so as to be shared between adjacent memory cells.
- the oxide 230 and the wiring WL are provided so that the long side of the oxide 230 is substantially orthogonal to the extending direction of the wiring WL.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the long side of the oxide 230 is not orthogonal to the extending direction of the wiring WL, and the long side of the oxide 230 is arranged to be inclined with respect to the extending direction of the wiring WL.
- the oxide 230 and the wiring WL may be provided so that an angle formed between the long side of the oxide 230 and the extending direction of the wiring WL is 20 ° to 70 °, preferably 30 ° to 60 °. .
- the memory cells can be densely arranged by inclining the oxide 230 with respect to the extending direction of the wiring WL.
- the area occupied by the memory cell array can be reduced, and the semiconductor device can be highly integrated.
- a part of the capacitor 100a is formed so as to overlap with the transistor 200a, and a part of the capacitor 100b is formed so as to overlap with the transistor 200b. Accordingly, the total projected area of the transistor 200a, the transistor 200b, the capacitor 100a, and the capacitor 100b can be reduced, and the occupied area of the memory cell 600a and the memory cell 600b can be reduced. Therefore, miniaturization and high integration of the semiconductor device are facilitated. In addition, since the transistor 200a, the transistor 200b, the capacitor 100a, and the capacitor 100b can be formed in the same process, the process can be shortened and productivity can be improved.
- One of the source and the drain of the transistor 200a and one of the source and the drain of the transistor 200b are electrically connected to the conductor 240b through the layer 242b. Accordingly, a contact portion between the transistor 200a and the transistor 200b and the wiring BL is shared, and the number of plugs and contact holes for connecting the transistor 200a and the transistor 200b to the wiring BL can be reduced. In this manner, by sharing the wiring electrically connected to one of the source and the drain, the area occupied by the memory cell array can be further reduced.
- the transistor 200a, the transistor 200b, the capacitor 100a, and the capacitor 100b are provided so that the channel length direction of the transistor 200a and the channel length direction of the transistor 200b are parallel to each other.
- the semiconductor device described in this embodiment is not limited to this.
- the memory cell 600a and the memory cell 600b illustrated in FIG. 1 and the like are examples of the structure of a semiconductor device, and a transistor with an appropriate structure may be provided as appropriate depending on a circuit structure and a driving method.
- the transistor 200a and the transistor 200b include an oxide 230 (an oxide 230a, an oxide 230b, an oxide 230ca, and an oxide 230cb) that includes a region where a channel is formed (hereinafter also referred to as a channel formation region). It is preferable to use a metal oxide functioning as a semiconductor (hereinafter also referred to as an oxide semiconductor).
- An oxide semiconductor can be formed by a sputtering method or the like, and thus can be used for the transistor 200 included in a highly integrated semiconductor device.
- the oxide 230 includes an In-M-Zn oxide (the element M is aluminum, gallium, yttrium, copper, vanadium, beryllium, boron, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium) It is preferable to use a metal oxide such as one or a plurality selected from hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, or magnesium. Further, as the oxide 230, an In—Ga oxide or an In—Zn oxide may be used as the oxide 230.
- an oxide semiconductor forms a metal compound by adding a metal element such as aluminum, ruthenium, titanium, tantalum, chromium, or tungsten in addition to the elements included in the oxide semiconductor, and has low resistance.
- a metal element such as aluminum, ruthenium, titanium, tantalum, chromium, or tungsten
- aluminum, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, or the like is preferably used.
- a metal film containing the metal element, a nitride film containing the metal element, or an oxide film containing the metal element is preferably provided over the oxide semiconductor.
- a metal film containing the metal element, a nitride film containing the metal element, or an oxide film containing the metal element is preferably provided over the oxide semiconductor.
- part of oxygen in the oxide semiconductor located at or near the interface between the film and the oxide semiconductor is absorbed by the film, and oxygen vacancies are formed. The vicinity of the interface may be reduced in resistance.
- heat treatment may be performed in an atmosphere containing nitrogen.
- a metal element which is a component of the film is converted into an oxide semiconductor or a component of an oxide semiconductor from a metal film, a nitride film containing a metal element, or an oxide film containing a metal element.
- a certain metal element diffuses into the film, and the oxide semiconductor and the film form a metal compound, so that resistance can be reduced.
- the metal element added to the oxide semiconductor is in a relatively stable state by forming a metal compound with the oxide semiconductor, the metal element, and thus a highly reliable semiconductor device can be provided.
- a compound layer (hereinafter also referred to as a different layer) may be formed at the interface between the metal film, the nitride film containing a metal element, or the oxide film containing a metal element and the oxide semiconductor.
- a compound layer is a layer having a metal compound including a metal film, a nitride film containing a metal element, or a component of an oxide film containing a metal element and a component of an oxide semiconductor.
- a layer in which a metal element of an oxide semiconductor and an added metal element are alloyed may be formed as the compound layer. The alloyed layer is in a relatively stable state, and a highly reliable semiconductor device can be provided.
- the carrier density increases when an impurity element such as hydrogen or nitrogen is present.
- hydrogen in the oxide semiconductor reacts with oxygen bonded to a metal atom to be water, thereby forming oxygen vacancies.
- the carrier density increases.
- part of hydrogen may combine with oxygen bonded to a metal atom to generate an electron that is a carrier. That is, the resistance of an oxide semiconductor containing nitrogen or hydrogen is reduced.
- the oxide 230 processed into an island shape has a low resistance that functions as a region having a low carrier density and functioning as a source region or a drain region. A region can be provided.
- FIG. 15 shows an enlarged view of the region 239 surrounded by a broken line in FIG.
- the region 239 includes an oxide 230 b that is selectively reduced in resistance.
- the oxide 230 includes a region 234a, a region 234b, a region 231a, a region 231b, a region 231c, a region 232a, a region 232b, a region 232c, and a region 232d.
- the region 234a functions as a channel formation region of the transistor 200a
- the region 234b functions as a channel formation region of the transistor 200b.
- the region 231a functions as one of a source region and a drain region of the transistor 200a
- the region 231b functions as the other of the source region and the drain region of the transistor 200a, and one of the source region and the drain region of the transistor 200b, and the region 231c.
- the region 232a is located between the region 234a and the region 231a
- the region 232b is located between the region 234a and the region 231b
- the region 232c is located between the region 234b and the region 231b
- the region 232d is It is located between the region 234b and the region 231c.
- the region 234a and the region 234b may be collectively referred to as a region 234.
- the region 231a, the region 231b, and the region 231c may be collectively referred to as a region 231.
- the region 232a, the region 232b, the region 232c, and the region 232d may be collectively referred to as a region 232 in some cases.
- the insulator 130a and the conductor 120a are provided over the region 231a, and the region 231a functions as one of the electrodes of the capacitor 100a.
- the insulator 130b and the conductor 120b are provided over the region 231c, and the region 231c functions as one of the electrodes of the capacitor 100b.
- the region 231 of the oxide 230 has a reduced resistance and is a conductive oxide. Therefore, it can function as one of the electrodes of the capacitor 100.
- the region 231 functioning as a source region or a drain region is a region having a low oxygen concentration and a low resistance.
- the region 234 functioning as a channel formation region is a high-resistance region having a higher oxygen concentration and a lower carrier density than the region 231 functioning as a source region or a drain region.
- the region 232 has a higher oxygen concentration and a lower carrier density than the region 231 functioning as a source region or a drain region, and a lower oxygen concentration and a carrier density than the region 234 functioning as a channel formation region. It is a high area.
- the region 231 preferably has a higher concentration of at least one of the metal element and impurity elements such as hydrogen and nitrogen than the region 232 and the region 234.
- the region 231 preferably includes one or more metal elements selected from metal elements such as aluminum, ruthenium, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, and chromium in addition to the oxide 230.
- a film containing a metal element may be provided in contact with the region 231 of the oxide 230.
- the film containing the metal element may be removed by etching treatment or the like after the region 231 is formed.
- a metal film, an oxide film containing a metal element, or a nitride film containing a metal element can be used as the film containing the metal element.
- the layer 242 is preferably formed between the film containing the metal element and the oxide 230.
- the layer 242 may be formed on the top and side surfaces of the oxide 230.
- the layer 242 is a layer including a metal compound including a component of the film including the metal element and a component of the oxide 230 and can also be referred to as a compound layer.
- a layer in which the metal element in the oxide 230 and the added metal element are alloyed may be formed.
- a metal compound is formed in the oxide 230, and the resistance of the region 231 can be reduced.
- the metal compound is not necessarily formed in the oxide 230.
- the layer 242 may be formed on the surface of the oxide 230, or the layer 242 may be formed between the oxide 230 and the insulator 130.
- the region 231 may also include the low resistance region of the layer 242.
- the layer 242 can function as a source region or a drain region of the transistor 200a or the transistor 200b.
- the layer 242 is formed in the region 231a, the region 231b, and the region 231c, and becomes the layer 242a, the layer 242b, and the layer 242c, respectively.
- the region 232 has a region overlapping with the insulator 275.
- the region 232 preferably has a higher concentration of at least one of a metal element such as aluminum, ruthenium, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, and chromium and an impurity element such as hydrogen and nitrogen than the region 234.
- a metal element such as aluminum, ruthenium, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, and chromium and an impurity element such as hydrogen and nitrogen than the region 234.
- a metal element such as aluminum, ruthenium, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, and chromium
- an impurity element such as hydrogen and nitrogen
- the concentration of hydrogen in the region 232 in the vicinity of the region 231 may increase.
- one or both of the region 232a and the region 232b may have a region overlapping with the conductor 260a.
- the conductor 260a can overlap the region 232a and the region 232b.
- one or both of the region 232c and the region 232d may have a region overlapping with the conductor 260b.
- the conductor 260b can overlap the region 232c and the region 232d.
- the region 234, the region 231, and the region 232 are formed in the oxide 230b, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- these regions may also be formed in the layer 242, the oxide 230a, and the oxide 230c.
- the boundary of each region is displayed substantially perpendicular to the upper surface of the oxide 230, but this embodiment is not limited to this.
- the region 232 may protrude toward the conductor 260 near the surface of the oxide 230b and recede toward the conductor 240a or the conductor 240b near the lower surface of the oxide 230b.
- the concentration of the metal element detected in each region and the impurity elements such as hydrogen and nitrogen is not limited to a stepwise change for each region, but continuously changes (also referred to as gradation) in each region. May be. That is, the closer to the channel formation region, the lower the concentration of the metal element and impurity elements such as hydrogen and nitrogen.
- a metal element that increases conductivity such as aluminum, ruthenium, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, and chromium, and an impurity is added to a desired region. That's fine.
- an impurity an element that forms oxygen vacancies, an element that is captured by oxygen vacancies, or the like may be used.
- the element include hydrogen, boron, carbon, nitrogen, fluorine, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, and a rare gas.
- rare gas elements include helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon.
- the region 231 can have high carrier density and low resistance by increasing the content of the above-described metal element that increases conductivity, an element that forms oxygen vacancies, or an element that is trapped by oxygen vacancies. it can.
- a film containing the above metal element may be formed in contact with the region 231 of the oxide 230.
- a metal film, an oxide film including a metal element, a nitride film including a metal element, or the like can be used as the film including the metal element.
- the film containing the metal element is preferably provided over the oxide 230 with the insulator 250, the metal oxide 252, the conductor 260, the insulator 270, the insulator 271, and the insulator 275 interposed therebetween.
- the component of the film containing the metal element and the component of the oxide 230 form a metal compound, which becomes a region 231 and has a low resistance.
- part of oxygen in the oxide 230 located near or in the vicinity of the interface between the oxide 230 and the film containing the metal element is absorbed by the layer 242, and oxygen vacancies are formed in the oxide 230.
- the region 231 may be formed by resistance.
- heat treatment may be performed in an atmosphere containing nitrogen in a state where the oxide 230 is in contact with the film containing the metal element.
- the metal element which is a component of the film having the metal element is changed from the film having the metal element to the oxide 230, or the metal element which is a component of the oxide 230 is changed to the film having the metal element.
- the oxide 230 and the film containing the metal element form a metal compound, which reduces resistance. In this manner, the layer 242 is formed between the oxide 230 and the film containing the metal element.
- the film containing the metal element is provided over the oxide 230 with the insulator 250, the metal oxide 252, the conductor 260, the insulator 270, the insulator 271, and the insulator 275 interposed therebetween.
- the layer 242 is formed in a region which does not overlap with the conductor 260a, the conductor 260b, the insulator 275a, and the insulator 275b of the oxide 230.
- the metal element of the oxide 230 and the metal element of the film containing the metal element may be alloyed.
- layer 242 may include an alloy. The alloy is in a relatively stable state and can provide a highly reliable semiconductor device.
- the heat treatment may be performed at, for example, 250 ° C. or more and 650 ° C. or less, preferably 300 ° C. or more and 500 ° C. or less, more preferably 320 ° C. or more and 450 ° C. or less.
- the heat treatment is performed in a nitrogen or inert gas atmosphere.
- the heat treatment may be performed in a reduced pressure state.
- heat treatment may be performed in an atmosphere containing an oxidizing gas.
- the region overlapping with the conductor 260 and the insulator 275 (the region 234 and the region 232) of the oxide 230 is interposed between the conductor 260 and the insulator 275, and thus the addition of a metal element is suppressed. .
- oxygen atoms in the oxide 230 are suppressed from being absorbed into the above-described film containing the metal element.
- oxygen vacancies may be generated in the region 231 and the region 232 due to absorption of oxygen in the region 231 of the oxide 230 and the region 232 adjacent to the region 231 in the film containing the metal element.
- the carrier density in the region 231 and the region 232 increases. Accordingly, the resistance of the region 231 and the region 232 of the oxide 230 is reduced.
- the film containing the metal element has a characteristic of absorbing hydrogen
- hydrogen in the oxide 230 is absorbed into the film. Therefore, hydrogen which is an impurity in the oxide 230 can be reduced.
- the film containing the metal element may be removed together with hydrogen absorbed from the oxide 230 in a later step.
- the film containing the metal element is not necessarily removed.
- the film containing the metal element may be left.
- the film containing the metal element may be oxidized by oxygen absorbed from the oxide 230 to be an insulator and have high resistance. In that case, the film containing the metal element may function as an interlayer film.
- a conductive region remains in the film containing the metal element, it is oxidized by heat treatment to become an insulator, and the resistance is increased.
- the heat treatment is preferably performed in an oxidizing atmosphere, for example.
- the film including the metal element may react with oxygen included in the structure and be oxidized by heat treatment.
- the film containing the metal element By leaving the film containing the metal element as an insulator, it can function as an interlayer film and a dielectric of the capacitor 100.
- the film including the metal element is provided with a thickness that can be insulated in a later step.
- the film containing the metal element is provided with a thickness of 0.5 nm to 5 nm, preferably 1 nm to 2 nm.
- the heat treatment is preferably performed after the heat treatment is performed once in an atmosphere containing nitrogen while the oxide 230 and the film containing the metal element are in contact with each other. It is. By performing heat treatment once in an atmosphere containing nitrogen, oxygen in the oxide 230 is easily diffused into the film containing the metal element.
- the metal element-containing film has sufficient conductivity after the formation of the layer 242
- a part of the metal element-containing film is removed, so that the source electrode or the drain electrode of the transistor 200 is removed.
- the conductor functioning as the source electrode or the drain electrode may be an oxide film containing a metal element or a nitride film containing a metal element.
- the layer 242 is formed by providing a film containing a metal element in contact with the region 231 of the oxide 230 . It is not limited.
- the layer 242 may be formed by adding an element capable of increasing the carrier density of the oxide 230 and reducing the resistance as a dopant.
- an element that forms oxygen vacancies or an element that combines with oxygen vacancies may be used.
- an element typically, boron or phosphorus can be given.
- hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, fluorine, sulfur, chlorine, titanium, rare gas, or the like may be used.
- rare gas elements include helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon.
- metals such as aluminum, chromium, copper, silver, gold, platinum, tantalum, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, manganese, magnesium, zirconium, beryllium, indium, ruthenium, iridium, strontium, lanthanum, etc. Any one or more metal elements selected from the elements may be added.
- dopants boron and phosphorus are preferable as the dopant. When boron or phosphorus is used as a dopant, equipment for an amorphous silicon or low-temperature polysilicon production line can be used, so that capital investment can be suppressed.
- the concentration of the element may be measured by using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) or the like.
- an element that easily forms an oxide is preferably used as an element to be added to the layer 242.
- Typical examples of such elements include boron, phosphorus, aluminum, and magnesium.
- the element added to the layer 242 can take oxygen in the oxide 230 to form an oxide.
- the layer 242 has many oxygen vacancies.
- the oxygen deficiency and hydrogen in the oxide 230 are combined with each other, so that carriers are generated and an extremely low resistance region is obtained.
- the element added to the layer 242 exists in the layer 242 in a stable oxide state, it is difficult to be detached from the layer 242 even if a process requiring a high temperature is performed in a subsequent process.
- a region in the oxide 230 that is difficult to increase in resistance even after a high-temperature process can be formed.
- the dopant is added using the insulator 271, the insulator 270, the conductor 260, the metal oxide 252, the insulator 250, the oxide 230 c, and the insulator 275 as a mask.
- the layer 242 containing the above element can be formed in a region where the mask of the oxide 230 is not overlapped.
- a dummy gate may be formed and used as a mask.
- the insulator 271, the insulator 270, the conductor 260, the metal oxide 252, the insulator 250, the oxide 230c, and the insulator 275 may be formed after the dopant is added.
- an ion implantation method in which ionized source gas is added by mass separation an ion doping method in which ionized source gas is added without mass separation, a plasma immersion ion implantation method, or the like is used.
- Can do When mass separation is performed, the ionic species to be added and the concentration thereof can be strictly controlled. On the other hand, when mass separation is not performed, high-concentration ions can be added in a short time.
- an ion doping method in which atomic or molecular clusters are generated and ionized may be used. Note that the dopant may be referred to as an ion, a donor, an acceptor, an impurity, an element, or the like.
- a transistor including an oxide semiconductor if an impurity and an oxygen vacancy exist in a region where a channel is formed in the oxide semiconductor, electric characteristics may be easily changed and reliability may be deteriorated.
- an oxygen vacancy is included in a region where a channel is formed in an oxide semiconductor, the transistor is likely to be normally on. Therefore, oxygen vacancies in the region 234 where a channel is formed are preferably reduced as much as possible.
- the insulator 250, the region 232 of the oxide 230b, and the oxide 230c are in contact with each other and contain more oxygen (also referred to as excess oxygen) than oxygen that satisfies the stoichiometric composition.
- An insulator 275 is preferably provided. That is, excess oxygen in the insulator 275 is diffused into the region 234 of the oxide 230, whereby oxygen vacancies in the region 234 of the oxide 230 can be reduced.
- an oxide film may be formed as the insulator 273 in contact with the insulator 275 by a sputtering method.
- a sputtering method for forming an oxide an insulator with few impurities such as water or hydrogen can be formed.
- VDSP Vinyl Deposition SP
- ions and sputtered particles exist between the target and the substrate.
- the target is connected to a power source and is supplied with the potential E0.
- the substrate is given a potential E1 such as a ground potential.
- the substrate may be electrically floating.
- the ions in the plasma are accelerated by the potential difference E2-E0 and collide with the target, so that the sputtered particles are ejected from the target.
- the sputtered particles adhere to and deposit on the film formation surface to form a film.
- some ions recoil by the target, and may be taken into the insulator 275 in contact with the deposition surface as the recoil ions through the formed film.
- ions in the plasma are accelerated by the potential difference E2-E1, and impact the film formation surface. At this time, some ions reach the inside of the insulator 275.
- a region into which the ions are taken is formed in the insulator 275. That is, when the ions are oxygen-containing ions, an excess oxygen region is formed in the insulator 275.
- an excess oxygen region can be formed in the insulator 275. Excess oxygen in the insulator 275 can be supplied to the region 234 of the oxide 230 to compensate for oxygen vacancies in the oxide 230.
- the insulator 275 is preferably formed using silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, or silicon oxide having holes. Materials such as silicon oxynitride tend to form excess oxygen regions. On the other hand, compared to the above-described materials such as silicon oxynitride, the oxide 230 tends to hardly form an excess oxygen region even if an oxide film formed by a sputtering method is formed over the oxide 230. Therefore, by providing the insulator 275 having an excess oxygen region around the region 234 of the oxide 230, the excess oxygen of the insulator 275 can be effectively supplied to the region 234 of the oxide 230.
- the insulator 273 is preferably made of aluminum oxide.
- Aluminum oxide may extract hydrogen in the oxide 230 by performing heat treatment in the state of being close to the oxide 230. Note that in the case where the layer 242 is provided between the oxide 230 and aluminum oxide, the hydrogen in the layer 242 is absorbed by the aluminum oxide, and the layer 242 in which hydrogen is reduced reduces the hydrogen in the oxide 230. May absorb. In the configuration illustrated in FIG. 15, aluminum oxide can absorb hydrogen from the layer 242b before the conductor 240b is formed. Therefore, the hydrogen concentration in the oxide 230 can be reduced.
- oxygen may be supplied from the insulator 273 to the oxide 230, the insulator 224, or the insulator 222 by performing heat treatment in a state where the insulator 273 and the oxide 230 are in proximity to each other.
- the oxide 230 can be selectively reduced in resistance by combining the above structure or the above steps.
- the resistance of the oxide 230 is reduced in a self-aligning manner by using the conductor 260 functioning as a gate electrode and the insulator 275 as a mask. Therefore, when the plurality of transistors 200 are formed at the same time, variation in electrical characteristics between the transistors can be reduced. Further, the channel length of the transistor 200 is determined by the width of the conductor 260 or the film thickness of the insulator 275, and the transistor 200 can be miniaturized by setting the width of the conductor 260 to the minimum processing dimension. Become.
- an oxide semiconductor can be formed by a sputtering method or the like, it can be used for a transistor included in a highly integrated semiconductor device.
- a transistor using an oxide semiconductor in a channel formation region has extremely small leakage current (off-state current) in a non-conduction state, a semiconductor device with low power consumption can be provided.
- the off-state current of the transistor 200 is small, stored data can be held for a long time by using the transistor 200 for a semiconductor device. In other words, since the refresh operation is not required or the frequency of the refresh operation is extremely low, the power consumption of the semiconductor device can be sufficiently reduced.
- a semiconductor device including a transistor with high on-state current can be provided.
- a semiconductor device including a transistor with low off-state current can be provided.
- the conductor 203 extends in the channel width direction and functions as a wiring for applying a potential to the conductor 205.
- the conductor 203 is preferably provided so as to be embedded in the insulator 212.
- the conductor 205a is disposed to overlap the oxide 230 and the conductor 260a, and the conductor 205b is disposed to overlap the oxide 230 and the conductor 260b.
- the conductor 205a is preferably provided over the conductor 203a and the conductor 205b is provided over and in contact with the conductor 203b.
- the conductor 205 is preferably provided so as to be embedded in the insulator 214 and the insulator 216.
- the conductor 260 may function as a first gate (also referred to as a front gate) electrode.
- the conductor 205 may function as a second gate (also referred to as a back gate) electrode.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor 200 can be controlled by changing the potential applied to the conductor 205 independently of the potential applied to the conductor 260 without being linked.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor 200 can be made higher than 0 V and the off-state current can be reduced. Therefore, when a negative potential is applied to the conductor 205, the drain current when the potential applied to the conductor 260 is 0 V can be made smaller than when a negative potential is not applied.
- the conductor 205 over the conductor 203, the distance between the conductor 203 having the function of the first gate electrode and the wiring and the conductor 203 can be appropriately designed. That is, by providing the insulator 214, the insulator 216, and the like between the conductor 203 and the conductor 260, parasitic capacitance between the conductor 203 and the conductor 260 can be reduced, and the conductor 203 and the conductor 260 can be reduced. The insulation breakdown voltage can be increased.
- the switching speed of the transistor 200 can be improved and a transistor having high frequency characteristics can be obtained.
- the reliability of the transistor 200 can be improved. Therefore, it is preferable to increase the thickness of the insulator 214 and the insulator 216. Note that the extending direction of the conductor 203 is not limited thereto, and the conductor 203 may be extended in the channel length direction of the transistor 200, for example.
- the conductor 205 is provided so as to overlap with the oxide 230 and the conductor 260 as illustrated in FIG.
- the conductor 205 is preferably provided larger than the region 234 in the oxide 230.
- the conductor 205a preferably extends to a region outside the end portion in the channel width direction of the region 234a of the oxide 230. That is, it is preferable that the conductor 205a and the conductor 260a overlap with each other through an insulator on the side surface of the oxide 230 in the channel width direction.
- FIG. 13A illustrates the transistor 200a, the same applies to the transistor 200b.
- the electric field generated from the conductor 260 and the electric field generated from the conductor 205 are connected to form a channel formed in the oxide 230.
- the area can be covered.
- the channel formation region in the region 234 can be electrically surrounded by the electric field of the conductor 260 functioning as the first gate electrode and the electric field of the conductor 205 functioning as the second gate electrode.
- a transistor structure that electrically surrounds a channel formation region by an electric field of the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode is referred to as a surrounded channel (S-channel) structure.
- the conductor 205 is formed with a first conductor in contact with the inner walls of the openings of the insulator 214 and the insulator 216, and further a second conductor is formed inside.
- the height of the top surfaces of the first conductor and the second conductor and the height of the top surface of the insulator 216 can be approximately the same.
- the transistor 200 has a structure in which the first conductor of the conductor 205 and the second conductor of the conductor 205 are stacked, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the conductor 205 may be provided as a single layer or a stacked structure including three or more layers.
- the first conductor of the conductor 205 or the conductor 203 includes a hydrogen atom, a hydrogen molecule, a water molecule, a nitrogen atom, a nitrogen molecule, a nitrogen oxide molecule (N 2 O, NO, NO 2, etc.), copper It is preferable to use a conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities such as atoms (the impurities are difficult to permeate). Alternatively, it is preferable to use a conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen (for example, at least one of oxygen atoms and oxygen molecules) (the oxygen hardly transmits). Note that in this specification, the function of suppressing diffusion of impurities or oxygen is a function of suppressing diffusion of any one or all of the impurities and oxygen.
- the conductor 205 or the first conductor of the conductor 203 has a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen
- the conductor 205 or the second conductor of the conductor 203 is oxidized to reduce conductivity. This can be suppressed.
- a conductive material having a function of suppressing oxygen diffusion for example, tantalum, tantalum nitride, ruthenium, or ruthenium oxide is preferably used. Therefore, the conductive material may be a single layer or a stacked layer as the first conductor of the conductor 205 or the conductor 203. Accordingly, diffusion of impurities such as hydrogen and water to the transistor 200 side through the conductor 203 and the conductor 205 can be suppressed.
- the second conductor of the conductor 205 is preferably formed using a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as a main component.
- the second conductor of the conductor 205 is illustrated as a single layer, but may have a stacked structure, for example, a stack of titanium, titanium nitride, and the above conductive material.
- the second conductor of the conductor 203 functions as a wiring
- a conductor having higher conductivity than the second conductor of the conductor 205 is preferably used.
- a conductive material mainly containing copper or aluminum can be used.
- the second conductor of the conductor 203 may have a stacked structure, for example, a stack of titanium, titanium nitride, and the above conductive material.
- the conductor 203 it is preferable to use copper for the conductor 203. Since copper has low resistance, it is preferably used for wiring and the like. On the other hand, since copper easily diffuses, the electrical characteristics of the transistor 200 may be deteriorated by diffusing into the oxide 230.
- the insulator 214 can be made of copper diffusion by using a material such as aluminum oxide or hafnium oxide having low copper permeability.
- the conductors 205a and 205b functioning as back gates are provided in the transistors 200a and 200b, respectively, but the semiconductor device according to this embodiment is not limited thereto.
- the same conductive layer can serve as the back gate of the transistor 200a and the back gate of the transistor 200b.
- a conductor 205c may be provided instead of the conductor 205a and the conductor 205b.
- the conductor 205c functions as a back gate of the transistor 200a and a back gate of the transistor 200b.
- the back gates of the transistors 200a and 200b are individually provided, it is necessary to provide a space between the back gates in order to pattern the back gates.
- the back gates of the transistors 200a and 200b are provided with the same conductive layer. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide the interval. Therefore, the area occupied by the memory cell 600a and the memory cell 600b can be reduced, and the semiconductor device according to this embodiment can be further integrated.
- the conductor 203c functioning as the wiring BGL may be provided under the conductor 205c.
- the conductor 205c has a structure similar to that of the conductor 205, and the description of the conductor 205 can be referred to.
- the conductor 203c has a structure similar to that of the conductor 203, and the description of the conductor 203 can be referred to.
- one of the side surfaces of the conductor 205c substantially overlaps with one of the side surfaces of the insulator 275a, and one of the side surfaces of the conductor 205c substantially overlaps with one of the side surfaces of the insulator 275b.
- the semiconductor device according to the present embodiment is not limited to this.
- the conductor 205c is arranged so that one side surface of the conductor 205c substantially overlaps one side surface of the conductor 260a, and one side surface of the conductor 205c substantially overlaps one side surface of the conductor 260b. May be. In other words, in FIG.
- the length of the conductor 205c in the channel length direction of the transistor 200 is shorter than that of the conductor 205c illustrated in FIG. As shown in FIG. 22, by providing the conductor 205c, the distance between the side surface 231a of the conductor 205c and the region 231a and the side surface 231c of the conductor 205c from the transistor 200a and the transistor 200b illustrated in FIG. , And the parasitic capacitance and leakage current generated between them can be reduced.
- the conductor 205, the insulator 214, and the insulator 216 are not necessarily provided. In that case, part of the conductor 203 can function as the second gate electrode.
- the insulator 210, the insulator 214, and the insulator 282 preferably function as barrier insulating films that prevent impurities such as water or hydrogen from entering the transistor 200 from the substrate side or the insulator 284 side. Therefore, the insulator 210, the insulator 214, and the insulator 282 include a hydrogen atom, a hydrogen molecule, a water molecule, a nitrogen atom, a nitrogen molecule, a nitric oxide molecule (N 2 O, NO, NO 2, and the like), a copper atom, and the like. It is preferable to use an insulating material having a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities (the above impurities are difficult to transmit). Alternatively, it is preferable to use an insulating material having a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen (for example, at least one of an oxygen atom and an oxygen molecule) (the oxygen hardly transmits).
- the insulator 210 and the insulator 282 aluminum oxide or the like is preferably used as the insulator 210 and the insulator 282, and silicon nitride or the like is preferably used as the insulator 214.
- impurities such as hydrogen and water can be prevented from diffusing from the substrate side to the transistor 200 side with respect to the insulator 210 and the insulator 214.
- diffusion of oxygen contained in the insulator 224 and the like to the substrate side with respect to the insulator 210 and the insulator 214 can be suppressed.
- diffusion of impurities such as hydrogen and water from the insulator 284 side to the transistor 200 side rather than the insulator 282 can be suppressed.
- the insulator 214 can be provided between the conductor 203 and the conductor 205.
- the metal that easily diffuses such as copper
- the metal diffuses into a layer above the insulator 214. Can be suppressed.
- the insulator 212, the insulator 216, the insulator 280, and the insulator 284 that function as interlayer films preferably have a lower dielectric constant than the insulator 210 or the insulator 214.
- parasitic capacitance generated between the wirings can be reduced.
- An insulator such as strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ) or (Ba, Sr) TiO 3 (BST) can be used in a single layer or a stacked layer.
- aluminum oxide, bismuth oxide, germanium oxide, niobium oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, yttrium oxide, or zirconium oxide may be added to these insulators.
- these insulators may be nitrided. Silicon insulator, silicon oxynitride, or silicon nitride may be stacked over the above insulator.
- the insulator 220, the insulator 222, and the insulator 224 have a function as a gate insulator. Further, the insulator 724 provided in the transistor 700 also functions as a gate insulator in the same manner as the insulator 224. Note that although the insulator 224 and the insulator 724 are separated in this embodiment, the insulator 224 and the insulator 724 may be connected.
- the insulator 224 in contact with the oxide 230 is preferably an insulator containing more oxygen than oxygen that satisfies the stoichiometric composition. That is, it is preferable that an excess oxygen region be formed in the insulator 224.
- an insulator containing excess oxygen in contact with the oxide 230 oxygen vacancies in the oxide 230 can be reduced and the reliability of the transistor 200 can be improved.
- an oxide material from which part of oxygen is released by heating is preferably used as the insulator having an excess oxygen region.
- the oxide that desorbs oxygen by heating means that the amount of desorbed oxygen in terms of oxygen atom is 1.0 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or more, preferably 1 in TDS (Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy) analysis.
- the oxide film has a thickness of 0.0 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 or more, more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 , or 3.0 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 or more.
- the surface temperature of the film at the time of TDS analysis is preferably in the range of 100 ° C. to 700 ° C., or 100 ° C. to 400 ° C.
- the insulator 222 has a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen (for example, at least one of an oxygen atom and an oxygen molecule) (the oxygen is difficult to transmit). It is preferable.
- the insulator 222 has a function of suppressing oxygen diffusion, oxygen in the excess oxygen region included in the insulator 224 can be efficiently supplied to the oxide 230 without diffusing to the insulator 220 side. .
- the conductor 205 can be prevented from reacting with oxygen in the excess oxygen region of the insulator 224.
- the insulator 222 is so-called high such as aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, lead zirconate titanate (PZT), strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ), or (Ba, Sr) TiO 3 (BST). It is preferable to use an insulator including a -k material in a single layer or a stacked layer. As transistor miniaturization and higher integration progress, problems such as leakage current may occur due to thinning of the gate insulator. By using a high-k material for the insulator functioning as a gate insulator, the gate potential during transistor operation can be reduced while maintaining the physical film thickness.
- an insulator including one or both of oxides of aluminum and hafnium which is an insulating material having a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities and oxygen (the oxygen is difficult to permeate) may be used.
- the insulator containing one or both of aluminum and hafnium aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium (hafnium aluminate), or the like is preferably used.
- the insulator 222 is formed using such a material, the insulator 222 suppresses release of oxygen from the oxide 230 and entry of impurities such as hydrogen from the peripheral portion of the transistor 200 into the oxide 230. Acts as a layer.
- aluminum oxide, bismuth oxide, germanium oxide, niobium oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, yttrium oxide, or zirconium oxide may be added to these insulators.
- these insulators may be nitrided. Silicon insulator, silicon oxynitride, or silicon nitride may be stacked over the above insulator.
- the insulator 220 is preferably thermally stable.
- silicon oxide and silicon oxynitride are thermally stable, a stacked structure having a high thermal stability and a high relative dielectric constant can be obtained by combining an insulator of a high-k material and the insulator 220. Can do.
- the insulator 220, the insulator 222, and the insulator 224 may have a stacked structure of two or more layers. In that case, it is not limited to the laminated structure which consists of the same material, The laminated structure which consists of a different material may be sufficient.
- the oxide 230 includes an oxide 230a, an oxide 230b on the oxide 230a, and an oxide 230c on the oxide 230b.
- the oxide 230a under the oxide 230b, diffusion of impurities from the structure formed below the oxide 230a to the oxide 230b can be suppressed.
- the oxide 230c over the oxide 230b, diffusion of impurities from the structure formed above the oxide 230c to the oxide 230b can be suppressed.
- the oxide 230 preferably has a stacked structure of oxides having different atomic ratios of metal atoms. Specifically, in the metal oxide used for the oxide 230a, the atomic ratio of the element M in the constituent element is larger than the atomic ratio of the element M in the constituent element in the metal oxide used for the oxide 230b. It is preferable. In the metal oxide used for the oxide 230a, the atomic ratio of the element M to In is preferably larger than the atomic ratio of the element M to In in the metal oxide used for the oxide 230b. In the metal oxide used for the oxide 230b, the atomic ratio of In to the element M is preferably larger than the atomic ratio of In to the element M in the metal oxide used for the oxide 230a. As the oxide 230c, a metal oxide that can be used for the oxide 230a or the oxide 230b can be used.
- the energy at the lower end of the conduction band of the oxide 230a and the oxide 230c is higher than the energy at the lower end of the conduction band of the oxide 230b.
- the electron affinity of the oxide 230a and the oxide 230c is preferably smaller than the electron affinity of the oxide 230b.
- the conduction band lower end gently changes.
- the defect state density of the mixed layer formed at the interface between the oxide 230a and the oxide 230b and the interface between the oxide 230b and the oxide 230c is preferably low.
- the oxide 230a and the oxide 230b, and the oxide 230b and the oxide 230c have a common element (main component) in addition to oxygen, so that a mixed layer with a low density of defect states is formed. can do.
- the oxide 230b is an In—Ga—Zn oxide
- an In—Ga—Zn oxide, a Ga—Zn oxide, a gallium oxide, or the like may be used as the oxide 230a and the oxide 230c.
- the main path of the carrier is the oxide 230b.
- the oxide 230a and the oxide 230c have the above structure, the density of defect states at the interface between the oxide 230a and the oxide 230b and the interface between the oxide 230b and the oxide 230c can be reduced. Therefore, the influence on the carrier conduction due to the interface scattering is reduced, and the transistor 200 can obtain a high on-state current.
- the oxide 230 includes a region 231, a region 232, and a region 234. Note that at least part of the region 231 has a region in proximity to the insulator 273. The region 232 has at least a region overlapping with the insulator 275.
- the region 231a or the region 231b functions as a source region or a drain region.
- at least part of the region 234 functions as a channel formation region.
- the region 232 since the region 232 is provided, a high-resistance region is not formed between the region 231 functioning as a source region and a drain region and the region 234 where a channel is formed; thus, on-state current and mobility of the transistor Can be increased.
- the region 232 since the region 232 includes the source region, the drain region, and the first gate electrode (conductor 260) in the channel length direction, unnecessary capacitance is formed between the two. Can be suppressed.
- leakage current at the time of non-conduction can be reduced.
- the transistor 200 can have a small off-state current and the transistor 700 can have a large on-current.
- a metal oxide functioning as an oxide semiconductor (hereinafter also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) is preferably used.
- a metal oxide having a band gap of 2 eV or more, preferably 2.5 eV or more is preferably used. In this manner, off-state current of a transistor can be reduced by using a metal oxide having a large band gap.
- An oxide semiconductor can be formed by a sputtering method or the like, and thus can be used for a transistor included in a highly integrated semiconductor device.
- the insulator 250 functions as a gate insulator.
- the insulator 250a is preferably in contact with the upper surface of the oxide 230ca, and the insulator 250b is preferably in contact with the upper surface of the oxide 230cb.
- the insulator 250 is preferably formed using an insulator from which oxygen is released by heating.
- the amount of desorbed oxygen converted to oxygen molecules is 1.0 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or more, preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 19.
- the surface temperature of the film during the TDS analysis is preferably in the range of 100 ° C. or more and 700 ° C. or less.
- the insulator 250 includes silicon oxide having excess oxygen, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide to which fluorine is added, silicon oxide to which carbon is added, silicon oxide to which carbon and nitrogen are added, Silicon oxide having pores can be used.
- silicon oxide and silicon oxynitride are preferable because they are stable against heat.
- the concentration of impurities such as water or hydrogen in the insulator 250 is preferably reduced.
- the thickness of the insulator 250 is preferably greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 20 nm.
- a metal oxide 252 may be provided in order to efficiently supply excess oxygen included in the insulator 250 to the oxide 230. Therefore, the metal oxide 252 preferably suppresses oxygen diffusion from the insulator 250. By providing the metal oxide 252 that suppresses oxygen diffusion, diffusion of excess oxygen from the insulator 250 to the conductor 260 is suppressed. That is, a decrease in the amount of excess oxygen supplied to the oxide 230 can be suppressed. In addition, oxidation of the conductor 260 due to excess oxygen can be suppressed.
- the metal oxide 252 may have a function as a part of the first gate.
- an oxide semiconductor that can be used as the oxide 230 can be used as the metal oxide 252.
- the conductor 260 by forming the conductor 260 by a sputtering method, the electric resistance value of the metal oxide 252 can be reduced, whereby the conductor can be obtained.
- This can be called an OC (Oxide Conductor) electrode.
- the metal oxide 252 may function as a part of the gate insulator. Therefore, in the case where silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, or the like is used for the insulator 250, the metal oxide 252 is preferably a metal oxide that is a high-k material with a high relative dielectric constant. By setting it as the said laminated structure, it can be set as the laminated structure stable with respect to a heat
- EOT equivalent oxide thickness
- the metal oxide 252 is illustrated as a single layer; however, a stacked structure including two or more layers may be used. For example, a metal oxide that functions as part of the gate electrode and a metal oxide that functions as part of the gate insulator may be stacked.
- the on-state current of the transistor 200 can be improved without weakening the influence of the electric field from the conductor 260.
- the distance between the conductor 260 and the oxide 230 is maintained by the physical thickness of the insulator 250 and the metal oxide 252, so that the conductor 260 Leakage current between the oxide 230 can be suppressed. Therefore, by providing a stacked structure of the insulator 250 and the metal oxide 252, the physical distance between the conductor 260 and the oxide 230 and the electric field strength applied from the conductor 260 to the oxide 230 are It can be easily adjusted as appropriate.
- an oxide semiconductor that can be used for the oxide 230 can be used as the metal oxide 252 by reducing resistance.
- a metal oxide containing one kind or two or more kinds selected from hafnium, aluminum, gallium, yttrium, zirconium, tungsten, titanium, tantalum, nickel, germanium, magnesium, and the like can be used.
- hafnium oxide an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium (hafnium aluminate), which is an insulator containing one or both of aluminum and hafnium.
- hafnium aluminate has higher heat resistance than a hafnium oxide film. Therefore, it is preferable because it is difficult to crystallize in a heat history in a later process.
- the metal oxide 252 is not an essential component. What is necessary is just to design suitably according to the transistor characteristic to request
- the conductor 260a functioning as the first gate electrode includes a conductor 260aa and a conductor 260ab over the conductor 260aa.
- the conductor 260b functioning as the first gate electrode includes a conductor 260ba and a conductor 260bb on the conductor 260ba.
- the conductor 260a is a hydrogen atom, a hydrogen molecule, a water molecule, a nitrogen atom, a nitrogen molecule, a nitrogen oxide molecule (N 2 O, NO, NO 2, etc.), a copper atom
- a conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities such as.
- the conductor 260a has a function of suppressing oxygen diffusion, it is possible to suppress the conductivity from being lowered due to oxidation of the conductor 260b due to excess oxygen included in the insulator 250 and the metal oxide 252.
- a conductive material having a function of suppressing oxygen diffusion for example, tantalum, tantalum nitride, ruthenium, or ruthenium oxide is preferably used.
- the conductor 260b be made of a conductive material mainly containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum.
- a conductor having high conductivity is preferably used.
- a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as a main component can be used.
- the conductor 260b may have a stacked structure, for example, a stack of titanium, titanium nitride, and the above conductive material.
- the conductor 260 when the conductor 205 extends to a region outside the end portion of the oxide 230 in the channel width direction, the conductor 260 includes an insulator in the region. It is preferable to overlap with the conductor 205 through 250. That is, it is preferable that the conductor 205, the insulator 250, and the conductor 260 form a stacked structure outside the side surface of the oxide 230.
- the electric field generated from the conductor 260 and the electric field generated from the conductor 205 are connected to form a channel formed in the oxide 230.
- the area can be covered.
- the channel formation region in the region 234 can be electrically surrounded by the electric field of the conductor 260 functioning as the first gate electrode and the electric field of the conductor 205 functioning as the second gate electrode. .
- the insulator 270a that functions as a barrier film may be disposed over the conductor 260ab, and the insulator 270b that functions as a barrier film may be disposed over the conductor 260bb.
- an insulating material having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as water or hydrogen and oxygen is preferably used.
- aluminum oxide or hafnium oxide is preferably used.
- the conductor 260 can be prevented from being oxidized by oxygen diffusing from above the insulator 270.
- impurities such as water or hydrogen diffusing from above the insulator 270 can be prevented from entering the oxide 230 through the conductor 260 and the insulator 250.
- the insulator 271a functioning as a hard mask over the insulator 270a and the insulator 271b functioning as a hard mask over the insulator 270b.
- the side surface of the conductor 260 is substantially vertical, specifically, the angle between the side surface of the conductor 260 and the substrate surface is 75 degrees or more and 100 degrees or less, Preferably, it can be set to 80 degrees or more and 95 degrees or less.
- the insulator 271 may also function as a barrier film by using an insulating material having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as water or hydrogen and oxygen. In that case, the insulator 270 is not necessarily provided.
- the insulator 275a functioning as a buffer layer is provided in contact with the side surface of the oxide 230ca, the side surface of the insulator 250a, the side surface of the metal oxide 252a, the side surface of the conductor 260a, and the side surface of the insulator 270a.
- the insulator 275b functioning as a buffer layer is provided in contact with the side surface of the oxide 230cb, the side surface of the insulator 250b, the side surface of the metal oxide 252b, the side surface of the conductor 260b, and the side surface of the insulator 270b.
- the insulator 275a covers the oxide 230ca, the insulator 250a, the metal oxide 252a, the conductor 260a, the insulator 270a, and the insulator 271a, forms an insulating film, and anisotropically etches the insulating film (for example, it can be formed by dry etching or the like.
- the insulator 275b can be formed at the same time as the insulator 275a.
- silicon oxide and silicon oxynitride are preferable because they are thermally stable.
- silicon oxide and silicon oxide having holes are preferable because an excess oxygen region can be easily formed in a later step.
- the insulator 275 preferably has an excess oxygen region. By providing an insulator from which oxygen is released by heating as the insulator 275 in contact with the oxide 230c and the insulator 250, oxygen is effectively supplied from the insulator 250 to the region 234 of the oxide 230b. be able to. In addition, the concentration of impurities such as water or hydrogen in the insulator 275 is preferably reduced.
- the insulator 130 is preferably an insulator having a large relative dielectric constant, and an insulator that can be used for the insulator 222 or the like may be used.
- an insulator including one or both of aluminum and hafnium can be used.
- the insulator containing one or both of aluminum and hafnium aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium (hafnium aluminate), or the like is preferably used.
- the insulator 130 may have a single-layer structure or a stacked structure.
- the insulator 130 for example, two or more layers of silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium (hafnium aluminate), and the like are stacked. Also good.
- hafnium oxide, aluminum oxide, and hafnium oxide are sequentially formed by an ALD method to form a stacked structure.
- the film thicknesses of hafnium oxide and aluminum oxide are 0.5 nm to 5 nm, respectively.
- the side surface of the insulator 130 coincides with the side surface of the conductor 120 when viewed from above, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the insulator 130 may cover the transistor 200a, the transistor 200b, and the transistor 700 without patterning the insulator 130.
- the conductor 120 is preferably made of a conductive material mainly composed of tungsten, copper, or aluminum. Although not shown, the conductor 120 may have a stacked structure, for example, a stack of titanium, titanium nitride, and the above conductive material.
- the insulator 130a and the conductor 120a are preferably provided so as to cover the side surfaces of the oxide 230.
- the capacitor 100a can be formed also in the side surface direction of the oxide 230, so that the capacitance per unit area of the capacitor 100a can be increased.
- the insulator 130b and the conductor 120b of the capacitor 100b are preferably provided similarly to the insulator 130a and the conductor 120a of the capacitor 100a.
- part of the insulator 130 and the conductor 120 overlap with the insulator 271.
- the end of the region 231a (region 231c) on the insulator 275 side can function as an electrode of the capacitor.
- the parasitic capacitance of the conductor 120 and the conductor 260 can be reduced.
- the insulator 273 is preferably provided over the insulator 275a, the insulator 275b, the insulator 271a, the insulator 271b, the layer 742, the insulator 775, the insulator 771, the conductor 120a, and the conductor 120b.
- an excess oxygen region can be provided in the insulator 275 and the insulator 775. Accordingly, oxygen can be supplied into the oxide 230 and the oxide 730 from the excess oxygen region.
- hydrogen in the oxide 230 and the oxide 730 can be extracted to the insulator 273.
- a metal oxide containing one or more selected from hafnium, aluminum, gallium, yttrium, zirconium, tungsten, titanium, tantalum, nickel, germanium, magnesium, or the like is used. be able to.
- aluminum oxide has a high barrier property and can suppress diffusion of hydrogen and nitrogen even in a thin film of 0.5 nm to 3.0 nm.
- an insulator 274 is provided over the insulator 273.
- the insulator 274 is preferably formed using a film having barrier properties and a reduced hydrogen concentration.
- silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide to which fluorine is added, or the like may be used as the insulator 274.
- an insulator 280 that functions as an interlayer film is preferably provided over the insulator 274.
- the insulator 280 preferably has a reduced concentration of impurities such as water or hydrogen in the film.
- an insulator 282 similar to the insulator 210 may be provided over the insulator 280.
- impurities in the insulator 280 can be reduced.
- the insulator 282 is provided, either one or both of the insulator 273 and the insulator 274 may be omitted.
- the insulator 284 similar to the insulator 280 may be provided over the insulator 282.
- the conductor 240a, the conductor 240b, the conductor 240c, the conductor 740a, and the conductor 740b are inserted into openings formed in the insulator 284, the insulator 282, the insulator 280, the insulator 274, and the insulator 273. Deploy.
- the conductor 240a and the conductor 240b are provided to face each other with the conductor 260a interposed therebetween, and the conductor 240b and the conductor 240c are provided to face each other with the conductor 260b interposed therebetween.
- the conductors 740a and 740b are provided to face each other with the conductor 760 interposed therebetween. Note that the top surfaces of the conductor 240a, the conductor 240b, the conductor 240c, the conductor 740a, and the conductor 740b may be flush with the top surface of the insulator 284.
- a conductor 240b is formed in contact with the inner wall of the opening of the insulator 284, the insulator 282, the insulator 280, the insulator 274, the insulator 273, and the insulator 275.
- a region 231b of the oxide 230 is located at least at a part of the bottom of the opening, and the conductor 240b is in contact with the region 231b.
- the conductor 240a is in contact with the conductor 120a, and the conductor 240c is in contact with the conductor 120b.
- the conductor 240b is disposed between the conductor 260a and the conductor 260b.
- the conductor 240b preferably has a region in contact with one or both of the side surfaces of the insulator 275a and the insulator 275b.
- the insulator 273 preferably has a region in contact with one or both of the side surfaces of the insulator 275a and the insulator 275b.
- an opening condition in which the etching rate of the insulator 275 is significantly lower than the etching rate of the insulator 273 when the openings of the insulator 280, the insulator 274, and the insulator 273 are formed. It is preferable to do.
- the etching rate of the insulator 275 is 1, the etching rate of the insulator 273 is preferably 5 or more, more preferably 10 or more.
- the insulating material used as the insulator 275 is preferably selected as appropriate in accordance with the etching conditions and the insulating material used as the insulator 273 so as to satisfy the above etching rate.
- the insulating material used as the insulator 275 an insulating material that can be used for the insulator 270 as well as the above insulating material may be used.
- the opening rate of the insulator 275 may be significantly lower than that of the insulator 280 when the opening is formed.
- the etching rate of the insulator 275 is 1, the etching rate of the insulator 280 is preferably 5 or more, more preferably 10 or more.
- the insulator 275a and the insulator 275b function as an etching stopper when the opening is formed, and thus the opening is prevented from reaching the conductor 260a and the conductor 260b. be able to. Therefore, the conductor 240b and the opening in which the conductor 240b is embedded can be formed in a self-aligning manner. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 23, even when the openings for forming the conductors 240a, 240b, and 240c are formed so as to be shifted to the transistor 200b side, the conductors 240b and 260b are not in contact with each other.
- the position of the opening in which the conductor 240b is formed in the channel length direction of the transistor 200 is shifted as shown in FIG.
- the conductor 240b can make sufficient contact with the layer 242b.
- the insulator 271a and the insulator 271b may also function as an etching stopper by using the same insulating material as that of the insulator 275 for the insulator 271a and the insulator 271b.
- the alignment margin between the contact portions (conductor 240b) of the transistors 200a and 200b, the gate of the transistor 200a, and the gate of the transistor 200b can be widened, and the interval between these components is designed to be small. be able to. As described above, miniaturization and high integration of the semiconductor device can be achieved.
- the conductor 240b preferably overlaps with a side surface of the oxide 230 with the layer 242b interposed therebetween.
- the conductor 240b preferably overlaps with both or one of the side surface on the A5 side and the side surface on the A6 side on the side surface intersecting with the channel width direction of the oxide 230.
- the conductor 240b overlaps with the side surface of the oxide 230 in the region 231b serving as the source region or the drain region, so that the projected area of the contact portion between the conductor 240b and the transistor 200 is not increased.
- the contact area of the contact portion can be increased, and the contact resistance between the conductor 240b and the transistor 200 can be reduced.
- the on-current can be increased while miniaturizing the source electrode and the drain electrode of the transistor.
- the length of the conductor 240b in the channel width direction is larger than the length of the oxide 230 in the channel width direction; however, the semiconductor device described in this embodiment is not limited to this.
- the length of the conductor 240b in the channel width direction may be approximately the same as the length of the oxide 230 in the channel width direction.
- the conductor 740a and the conductor 740b can have the same structure as the conductor 240b.
- the conductor 240 and the conductor 740 are preferably formed using a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as a main component.
- the conductor 240 and the conductor 740 may have a stacked structure.
- the region where the resistance of the region 231 is reduced in the oxide 230 is removed,
- the oxide 230 that has not been reduced in resistance may be exposed.
- a metal film, a nitride film containing a metal element, or a metal element is used as a conductor used for a conductor in contact with the oxide 230 of the conductor 240 (hereinafter also referred to as a first conductor of the conductor 240). It is preferable to use an oxide film having the same.
- the first conductor of the conductor 240 preferably includes a metal element such as aluminum, ruthenium, titanium, tantalum, or tungsten.
- the conductor 740 may have a similar structure.
- the insulator 284, the insulator 282, the insulator 280, the insulator 274, and the conductor in contact with the insulator 273 include the first conductor 205.
- a conductive material having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as water or hydrogen.
- the conductor it is preferable to use a conductive material having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as water or hydrogen.
- a conductive material having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as water or hydrogen may be used in a single layer or a stacked layer.
- the opening in which the conductor 240 and the conductor 740 are provided may have a structure in which an inner wall of the opening is covered with an insulator having a barrier property against oxygen and hydrogen.
- an insulator having a barrier property against oxygen and hydrogen an insulator similar to the insulator 214 may be used, and for example, aluminum oxide or the like is preferably used. Accordingly, impurities such as hydrogen and water from the insulator 280 and the like can be prevented from entering the oxide 230 and the oxide 730 through the conductor 240 and the conductor 740.
- the insulator can be formed with good coverage by forming the insulator using, for example, an ALD method or a CVD method.
- a conductor that functions as a wiring may be disposed in contact with the top surfaces of the conductor 240 and the conductor 740.
- a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as a main component is preferably used.
- the conductor may have a stacked structure, for example, a stack of titanium, titanium nitride, and the conductive material. Note that like the conductor 203 and the like, the conductor may be formed so as to be embedded in an opening provided in the insulator.
- the insulator 150 may be provided over the insulator 284.
- the insulator 150 can be provided using a material similar to that of the insulator 280. Further, the insulator 150 may function as a planarization film that covers the concave and convex shapes below the insulator 150.
- the conductor 112 functions as a wiring for the transistor 200, the transistor 700, the capacitor 100, and the like.
- the conductor 112 includes a metal film containing an element selected from molybdenum, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, aluminum, copper, chromium, neodymium, and scandium, or a metal nitride film containing any of the above-described elements (a tantalum nitride film, A titanium nitride film, a molybdenum nitride film, a tungsten nitride film, or the like can be used.
- indium tin oxide indium oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium zinc oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium oxide containing titanium oxide, indium tin oxide containing titanium oxide, indium zinc oxide, silicon oxide added It is also possible to apply a conductive material such as indium tin oxide.
- the conductor 112 may have a laminated structure of two or more layers.
- a conductor having a high barrier property and a conductor having a high barrier property may be formed between a conductor having a barrier property and a conductor having a high conductivity.
- the conductor 112 is not limited to this, and may have a single-layer structure, for example.
- the semiconductor device described in the above embodiment By forming the semiconductor device described in the above embodiment with the above structure, the semiconductor device can be miniaturized and highly integrated in accordance with the process rules of the 14 nm generation and later.
- the constituent materials shown below are formed by sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Alternatively, it can be performed by using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method or the like.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- MBE molecular beam epitaxy
- PLD pulsed laser deposition
- PLA pulsed laser deposition
- the CVD method can be classified into a plasma CVD (PECVD: Plasma Enhanced CVD) method using plasma, a thermal CVD (TCVD: Thermal CVD) method using heat, a photo CVD (Photo CVD) method using light, and the like.
- PECVD Plasma Enhanced CVD
- TCVD Thermal CVD
- Photo CVD Photo CVD
- MCVD Metal CVD
- MOCVD Metal Organic CVD
- the plasma CVD method can obtain a high-quality film at a relatively low temperature.
- the thermal CVD method is a film formation method that can suppress plasma damage to an object to be processed because plasma is not used.
- a wiring, an electrode, an element (a transistor, a capacitor, or the like) included in the semiconductor device may be charged up by receiving electric charge from plasma.
- a wiring, an electrode, an element, or the like included in the semiconductor device may be destroyed by the accumulated charge.
- plasma damage during film formation does not occur, so that a film with few defects can be obtained.
- the ALD method is also a film forming method that can suppress plasma damage to the object to be processed. Therefore, a film with few defects can be obtained.
- some precursors used in the ALD method include impurities such as carbon. Therefore, a film provided by the ALD method may contain a larger amount of impurities such as carbon than a film provided by another film formation method.
- the quantification of impurities can be performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy).
- the CVD method and the ALD method are film forming methods in which a film is formed by a reaction on the surface of an object to be processed, unlike a film forming method in which particles emitted from a target or the like are deposited. Therefore, it is a film forming method that is not easily affected by the shape of the object to be processed and has good step coverage.
- the ALD method has excellent step coverage and excellent thickness uniformity, and thus is suitable for covering the surface of an opening having a high aspect ratio.
- the ALD method since the ALD method has a relatively low film formation rate, it may be preferable to use it in combination with another film formation method such as a CVD method with a high film formation rate.
- the composition of the obtained film can be controlled by the flow rate ratio of the source gases.
- a film having an arbitrary composition can be formed depending on the flow rate ratio of the source gases.
- a film whose composition is continuously changed can be formed by changing the flow rate ratio of the source gas while forming the film.
- the processing of the constituent material may be performed using a lithography method.
- a dry etching method or a wet etching method can be used. Processing by the dry etching method is suitable for fine processing.
- a resist is exposed through a mask.
- a resist mask is formed by removing or leaving the exposed region using a developer.
- a conductor, a semiconductor, an insulator, or the like can be processed into a desired shape by etching through the resist mask.
- the resist mask may be formed by exposing the resist using KrF excimer laser light, ArF excimer laser light, EUV (Extreme Ultraviolet) light, or the like.
- an immersion technique may be used in which exposure is performed by filling a liquid (for example, water) between the substrate and the projection lens.
- an electron beam or an ion beam may be used.
- the resist mask can be removed by performing a dry etching process such as ashing, performing a wet etching process, performing a wet etching process after the dry etching process, or performing a dry etching process after the wet etching process. .
- a hard mask made of an insulator or a conductor may be used instead of the resist mask.
- an insulating film or a conductive film to be a hard mask material is formed on the constituent material, a resist mask is formed thereon, and a hard mask having a desired shape is formed by etching the hard mask material. can do.
- Etching of the constituent material may be performed after removing the resist mask, or may be performed while leaving the resist mask. In the latter case, the resist mask may disappear during etching.
- the hard mask may be removed by etching after the constituent material is etched.
- the material of the hard mask does not affect the subsequent process or can be used in the subsequent process, it is not always necessary to remove the hard mask.
- a capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) etching apparatus having parallel plate electrodes can be used as the dry etching apparatus.
- the capacitively coupled plasma etching apparatus having parallel plate electrodes may be configured to apply a high frequency power source to one of the parallel plate electrodes.
- a configuration in which a plurality of different high-frequency power sources are applied to one electrode of the parallel plate electrode may be employed.
- mold electrode may be sufficient.
- mold electrode may be sufficient.
- a dry etching apparatus having a high-density plasma source can be used.
- an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching apparatus can be used as the dry etching apparatus having a high-density plasma source.
- a substrate over which the transistor 200 and the transistor 700 are formed for example, an insulator substrate, a semiconductor substrate, or a conductor substrate may be used.
- the insulator substrate include a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a sapphire substrate, a stabilized zirconia substrate (such as a yttria stabilized zirconia substrate), and a resin substrate.
- the semiconductor substrate include a semiconductor substrate made of silicon or germanium, or a compound semiconductor substrate made of silicon carbide, silicon germanium, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, zinc oxide, or gallium oxide.
- a semiconductor substrate having an insulator region inside the semiconductor substrate for example, an SOI (Silicon On Insulator) substrate.
- the conductor substrate include a graphite substrate, a metal substrate, an alloy substrate, and a conductive resin substrate.
- a substrate having a metal nitride a substrate having a metal oxide, and the like.
- a substrate in which a conductor or a semiconductor is provided on an insulator substrate a substrate in which a conductor or an insulator is provided on a semiconductor substrate, a substrate in which a semiconductor or an insulator is provided on a conductor substrate, and the like.
- a substrate in which an element is provided may be used. Examples of the element provided on the substrate include a capacitor element, a resistor element, a switch element, a light emitting element, and a memory element.
- a flexible substrate may be used as the substrate.
- a method for providing a transistor over a flexible substrate there is a method in which a transistor is manufactured over a non-flexible substrate, and then the transistor is peeled and transferred to a flexible substrate.
- a separation layer is preferably provided between the non-flexible substrate and the transistor.
- the substrate may have elasticity.
- the substrate may have a property of returning to the original shape when bending or pulling is stopped. Or you may have a property which does not return to an original shape.
- the substrate has a region having a thickness of, for example, 5 ⁇ m to 700 ⁇ m, preferably 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 15 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
- a semiconductor device including a transistor can be reduced in weight. Further, by making the substrate thin, it may have elasticity even when glass or the like is used, or may have a property of returning to its original shape when bending or pulling is stopped. Therefore, an impact applied to the semiconductor device on the substrate due to dropping or the like can be reduced. That is, a durable semiconductor device can be provided.
- the substrate which is a flexible substrate for example, metal, alloy, resin or glass, or fiber thereof can be used. Further, as the substrate, a sheet woven with fibers, a film, a foil, or the like may be used.
- a substrate that is a flexible substrate is preferably as the linear expansion coefficient is low because deformation due to the environment is suppressed.
- the substrate that is a flexible substrate for example, a material having a linear expansion coefficient of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 / K or less, 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 / K or less, or 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 / K or less may be used.
- the resin include polyester, polyolefin, polyamide (such as nylon and aramid), polyimide, polycarbonate, and acrylic. In particular, since aramid has a low coefficient of linear expansion, it is suitable as a substrate that is a flexible substrate.
- Insulator examples include an insulating oxide, nitride, oxynitride, nitride oxide, metal oxide, metal oxynitride, and metal nitride oxide.
- the transistor when the transistor is miniaturized and highly integrated, problems such as leakage current may occur due to thinning of the gate insulator.
- a high-k material for the insulator functioning as a gate insulator the voltage during transistor operation can be reduced while maintaining the physical film thickness.
- a parasitic capacitance generated between wirings can be reduced by using a material having a low relative dielectric constant for the insulator functioning as an interlayer film. Therefore, the material may be selected according to the function of the insulator.
- Insulators having a high relative dielectric constant include gallium oxide, hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, oxides containing aluminum and hafnium, oxynitrides containing aluminum and hafnium, oxides containing silicon and hafnium, silicon and hafnium. There are oxynitrides having silicon and nitrides having silicon and hafnium.
- Insulators having a low dielectric constant include silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide to which fluorine is added, silicon oxide to which carbon is added, silicon oxide to which carbon and nitrogen are added, Examples include silicon oxide or resin having holes.
- silicon oxide and silicon oxynitride are thermally stable. Therefore, for example, by combining with a resin, a laminated structure having a thermally stable and low relative dielectric constant can be obtained.
- the resin include polyester, polyolefin, polyamide (such as nylon and aramid), polyimide, polycarbonate, and acrylic.
- silicon oxide and silicon oxynitride can be combined with an insulator having a high relative dielectric constant to provide a thermally stable and high stacked dielectric structure.
- a transistor including an oxide semiconductor can be stabilized in electrical characteristics of the transistor by being surrounded by an insulator having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen.
- Examples of the insulator having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen include boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, chlorine, argon, gallium, germanium, yttrium, and zirconium.
- An insulator containing lanthanum, neodymium, hafnium, or tantalum may be used as a single layer or a stacked layer.
- an insulator having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen
- a metal oxide such as tantalum oxide, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, or the like can be used.
- a metal oxide containing one or more selected from hafnium, aluminum, gallium, yttrium, zirconium, tungsten, titanium, tantalum, nickel, germanium, magnesium, or the like is used. be able to.
- aluminum oxide has a high barrier property and can suppress diffusion of hydrogen and nitrogen even in a thin film of 0.5 nm to 3.0 nm.
- Hafnium oxide has a lower barrier property than aluminum oxide, but the barrier property can be increased by increasing the film thickness. Therefore, by adjusting the film thickness of hafnium oxide, appropriate addition amounts of hydrogen and nitrogen can be adjusted.
- the insulator 224 and the insulator 250 that function as part of the gate insulator are preferably insulators having an excess oxygen region.
- insulators having an excess oxygen region For example, by using a structure in which silicon oxide or silicon oxynitride having an excess oxygen region is in contact with the oxide 230, oxygen vacancies in the oxide 230 can be compensated.
- an insulator including one or more oxides of aluminum, hafnium, and gallium can be used.
- the insulator including one or both of aluminum and hafnium it is preferable to use aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium (hafnium aluminate), or the like.
- the gate insulator 220 it is preferable to use silicon oxide or silicon oxynitride which is stable against heat.
- the gate insulator has a laminated structure of a heat stable film and a film having a high relative dielectric constant, so that a thin film having an equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of the gate insulator is maintained while maintaining a physical film thickness. Can be realized.
- EOT equivalent oxide thickness
- the on-current can be improved without weakening the influence of the electric field from the gate electrode.
- the leakage current between the gate electrode and the channel formation region can be suppressed by maintaining the distance between the gate electrode and the region where the channel is formed depending on the physical thickness of the gate insulator. .
- the insulator 212, the insulator 216, the insulator 271, the insulator 275, the insulator 280, and the insulator 284 preferably include an insulator with a low relative dielectric constant.
- the insulator includes silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide to which fluorine is added, silicon oxide to which carbon is added, silicon oxide to which carbon and nitrogen are added, and silicon oxide having a hole Or it is preferable to have resin etc.
- the insulator includes silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide to which fluorine is added, silicon oxide to which carbon is added, silicon oxide to which carbon and nitrogen are added, or silicon oxide having a hole And a laminated structure of resin. Since silicon oxide and silicon oxynitride are thermally stable, a laminated structure having a low thermal stability and a low relative dielectric constant can be obtained by combining with silicon.
- the resin include polyester, polyolefin, polyamide (such as nylon and aramid), polyimide, polycarbonate, and acrylic.
- an insulator having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen may be used.
- the insulator 270 and the insulator 273 include aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, magnesium oxide, gallium oxide, germanium oxide, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, neodymium oxide, tantalum oxide, and silicon oxide Alternatively, silicon nitride or the like may be used.
- Conductor a metal selected from aluminum, chromium, copper, silver, gold, platinum, tantalum, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, manganese, magnesium, zirconium, beryllium, indium, ruthenium, etc.
- a material containing one or more elements can be used.
- a semiconductor with high electrical conductivity typified by polycrystalline silicon containing an impurity element such as phosphorus, or silicide such as nickel silicide may be used.
- a plurality of conductive layers formed of the above materials may be stacked.
- a stacked structure in which the above-described material containing a metal element and a conductive material containing oxygen may be combined.
- a stacked structure in which the above-described material containing a metal element and a conductive material containing nitrogen are combined may be employed.
- a stacked structure of a combination of the above-described material containing a metal element, a conductive material containing oxygen, and a conductive material containing nitrogen may be employed.
- the conductor functioning as the gate electrode has a stacked structure in which the above-described material containing a metal element and the conductive material containing oxygen are combined. Is preferred.
- a conductive material containing oxygen is preferably provided on the channel formation region side.
- a conductive material containing oxygen and a metal element contained in a metal oxide in which a channel is formed as a conductor functioning as a gate electrode it is preferable to use a conductive material containing oxygen and a metal element contained in a metal oxide in which a channel is formed as a conductor functioning as a gate electrode.
- the above-described conductive material containing a metal element and nitrogen may be used.
- a conductive material containing nitrogen such as titanium nitride or tantalum nitride may be used.
- Indium tin oxide may be used.
- indium gallium zinc oxide containing nitrogen may be used.
- the conductor 260, the conductor 203, the conductor 205, and the conductor 240 aluminum, chromium, copper, silver, gold, platinum, tantalum, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, manganese, magnesium
- a material containing one or more metal elements selected from zirconium, beryllium, indium, ruthenium, and the like can be used.
- a semiconductor with high electrical conductivity typified by polycrystalline silicon containing an impurity element such as phosphorus, or silicide such as nickel silicide may be used.
- a metal oxide functioning as an oxide semiconductor (hereinafter also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) is preferably used.
- an oxide semiconductor a metal oxide functioning as an oxide semiconductor
- the metal oxide applicable to the oxide 230 which concerns on this invention is demonstrated.
- the metal oxide preferably contains at least indium or zinc. In particular, it is preferable to contain indium and zinc. In addition to these, it is preferable that aluminum, gallium, yttrium, tin, or the like is contained. One or more kinds selected from boron, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, or the like may be included.
- the metal contained in the layer 242 can be a metal different from the metal used as the main component of the metal oxide.
- the metal oxide is an In-M-Zn oxide containing indium, the element M, and zinc is considered.
- the element M is aluminum, gallium, yttrium, tin, or the like.
- Other elements applicable to the element M include boron, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, and magnesium.
- the element M may be a combination of a plurality of the aforementioned elements.
- metal oxides containing nitrogen may be collectively referred to as metal oxides.
- a metal oxide containing nitrogen may be referred to as a metal oxynitride.
- composition of metal oxide A structure of a CAC (Cloud-Aligned Composite) -OS that can be used for the transistor disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention is described below.
- CAAC c-axis aligned crystal
- CAC Cloud-Aligned Composite
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide has a conductive function in a part of the material and an insulating function in a part of the material, and the whole material has a function as a semiconductor.
- the conductive function is a function of flowing electrons (or holes) serving as carriers
- the insulating function is a carrier. This function prevents electrons from flowing.
- a function of switching (a function of turning on / off) can be imparted to CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide by causing the conductive function and the insulating function to act complementarily. In CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide, by separating each function, both functions can be maximized.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide has a conductive region and an insulating region.
- the conductive region has the above-described conductive function
- the insulating region has the above-described insulating function.
- the conductive region and the insulating region may be separated at the nanoparticle level.
- the conductive region and the insulating region may be unevenly distributed in the material, respectively.
- the conductive region may be observed with the periphery blurred and connected in a cloud shape.
- the conductive region and the insulating region are dispersed in the material with a size of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 0.5 nm to 3 nm, respectively. There is.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide is composed of components having different band gaps.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide includes a component having a wide gap caused by an insulating region and a component having a narrow gap caused by a conductive region.
- the carrier when the carrier flows, the carrier mainly flows in the component having the narrow gap.
- the component having a narrow gap acts in a complementary manner to the component having a wide gap, and the carrier flows through the component having the wide gap in conjunction with the component having the narrow gap. Therefore, when the CAC-OS or the CAC-metal oxide is used for a channel formation region of a transistor, high current driving force, that is, high on-state current and high field-effect mobility can be obtained in the on-state of the transistor.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide can also be called a matrix composite material (metal matrix composite) or a metal matrix composite material (metal matrix composite).
- An oxide semiconductor (metal oxide) is classified into a single crystal oxide semiconductor and a non-single crystal oxide semiconductor.
- the non-single-crystal oxide semiconductor include a CAAC-OS (c-axis aligned crystal oxide semiconductor), a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an nc-OS (nanocrystalline oxide semiconductor), and a pseudo-amorphous oxide semiconductor (a-like oxide semiconductor).
- OS amorphous-like oxide semiconductor) and amorphous oxide semiconductor.
- the CAAC-OS has a c-axis orientation and a crystal structure in which a plurality of nanocrystals are connected in the ab plane direction and has a strain.
- the strain refers to a portion where the orientation of the lattice arrangement changes between a region where the lattice arrangement is aligned and a region where another lattice arrangement is aligned in a region where a plurality of nanocrystals are connected.
- Nanocrystals are based on hexagons, but are not limited to regular hexagons and may be non-regular hexagons.
- a lattice arrangement such as a pentagon and a heptagon in the distortion.
- it is difficult to check a clear crystal grain boundary also referred to as a grain boundary
- the formation of crystal grain boundaries is suppressed by the distortion of the lattice arrangement. This is because the CAAC-OS can tolerate distortion due to the fact that the arrangement of oxygen atoms is not dense in the ab plane direction and the bond distance between atoms changes due to substitution of metal elements. Because.
- the CAAC-OS includes a layered crystal in which a layer containing indium and oxygen (hereinafter referred to as In layer) and a layer including elements M, zinc, and oxygen (hereinafter referred to as (M, Zn) layers) are stacked.
- In layer a layer containing indium and oxygen
- M, Zn elements M, zinc, and oxygen
- indium and the element M can be replaced with each other, and when the element M in the (M, Zn) layer is replaced with indium, it can also be expressed as an (In, M, Zn) layer. Further, when indium in the In layer is replaced with the element M, it can also be expressed as an (In, M) layer.
- CAAC-OS is a metal oxide with high crystallinity.
- CAAC-OS impurities and defects oxygen deficiency (V O: also referred to as oxygen vacancy), etc.) with little metal oxide It can be called a thing. Therefore, the physical properties of the metal oxide including a CAAC-OS are stable. Therefore, a metal oxide including a CAAC-OS is resistant to heat and has high reliability.
- Nc-OS has periodicity in atomic arrangement in a minute region (for example, a region of 1 nm to 10 nm, particularly a region of 1 nm to 3 nm).
- the nc-OS has no regularity in crystal orientation between different nanocrystals. Therefore, orientation is not seen in the whole film. Therefore, the nc-OS may not be distinguished from an a-like OS or an amorphous oxide semiconductor depending on an analysis method.
- A-like OS is a metal oxide having a structure between nc-OS and an amorphous oxide semiconductor.
- the a-like OS has a void or a low density region. That is, the a-like OS has lower crystallinity than the nc-OS and the CAAC-OS.
- Oxide semiconductors have various structures and have different characteristics.
- the oxide semiconductor of one embodiment of the present invention may include two or more of an amorphous oxide semiconductor, a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an a-like OS, an nc-OS, and a CAAC-OS.
- a transistor with high field-effect mobility can be realized by using the metal oxide for a channel formation region of the transistor.
- a highly reliable transistor can be realized.
- the electrical conduction in the solid is hindered by a scattering source called a scattering center.
- a scattering source called a scattering center.
- lattice scattering and ionized impurity scattering are the main scattering centers.
- the carrier mobility is high.
- a metal oxide containing less oxygen than oxygen that satisfies the stoichiometric composition is considered to have a large amount of oxygen deficiency V 2 O.
- the atoms present around this oxygen vacancy are located in a distorted place rather than the essential state. There is a possibility that the distortion caused by this oxygen deficiency becomes the scattering center.
- excess oxygen exists in a free state in the metal compound becomes O ⁇ or O 2 ⁇ by receiving electrons. There is a possibility that excess oxygen that becomes O ⁇ or O 2 ⁇ becomes a scattering center.
- the carrier mobility is high when the metal oxide has an essential state containing oxygen that satisfies the stoichiometric composition.
- Indium-gallium-zinc oxide which is a kind of metal oxide having indium, gallium, and zinc, has a large crystal structure because it tends to hardly grow in the atmosphere.
- a smaller crystal for example, the above-described nanocrystal
- a crystal of several mm or a crystal of several cm is more structurally stable than a crystal of several mm or a crystal of several cm. This is presumably because the strain energy is relaxed when the small crystals are connected to each other than when the large crystals are formed.
- a defect may be formed in order to relax strain energy in the region. Therefore, carrier mobility can be increased by reducing strain energy without forming defects in the region.
- a metal oxide with low carrier density is preferably used.
- the impurity concentration in the metal oxide film may be lowered and the defect level density may be lowered.
- a low impurity concentration and a low density of defect states are referred to as high purity intrinsic or substantially high purity intrinsic.
- the metal oxide has a carrier density of less than 8 ⁇ 10 11 / cm 3 , preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 11 / cm 3 , more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 10 / cm 3 , and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 / What is necessary is just to be cm 3 or more.
- the trap level density may also be low.
- the charge trapped in the trap level of the metal oxide takes a long time to disappear, and may behave as if it were a fixed charge. Therefore, a transistor including a metal oxide with a high trap state density in a channel formation region may have unstable electrical characteristics.
- Impurities include hydrogen, nitrogen, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, iron, nickel, silicon, and the like.
- a thin film with high crystallinity as a metal oxide used for a semiconductor of a transistor.
- the stability or reliability of the transistor can be improved.
- the thin film include a single crystal metal oxide thin film and a polycrystalline metal oxide thin film.
- a high temperature or laser heating process is required in order to form a single crystal metal oxide thin film or a polycrystalline metal oxide thin film on a substrate. Therefore, the cost of the manufacturing process increases and the throughput also decreases.
- Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 an In—Ga—Zn oxide having a CAAC structure (referred to as CAAC-IGZO) was discovered in 2009.
- CAAC-IGZO In—Ga—Zn oxide having a CAAC structure
- CAAC-IGZO can be formed on a substrate at a low temperature with c-axis orientation, crystal grain boundaries are not clearly confirmed.
- a transistor using CAAC-IGZO has excellent electrical characteristics and reliability.
- nc-IGZO In 2013, an In—Ga—Zn oxide having an nc structure (referred to as nc-IGZO) was discovered (see Non-Patent Document 3). Here, it is reported that nc-IGZO has periodicity in atomic arrangement in a minute region (for example, a region of 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less), and regularity is not observed in crystal orientation between different regions. Yes.
- Non-Patent Document 4 and Non-Patent Document 5 show the transition of the average crystal size due to the electron beam irradiation on the thin films of CAAC-IGZO, nc-IGZO, and IGZO having low crystallinity.
- a CAAC-IGZO thin film or an nc-IGZO thin film is preferably used as a semiconductor of the transistor.
- a transistor using a metal oxide has extremely small leakage current in a non-conducting state. Specifically, an off-current per 1 ⁇ m channel width of the transistor is on the order of yA / ⁇ m (10 ⁇ 24 A / ⁇ m).
- yA / ⁇ m 10 ⁇ 24 A / ⁇ m.
- Non-Patent Document 8 application of the transistor using a metal oxide to a display device utilizing the characteristic that the leakage current of the transistor is low has been reported (see Non-Patent Document 8).
- the displayed image is switched several tens of times per second.
- the number of switching of images per second is called a refresh rate.
- the refresh rate may be referred to as a drive frequency.
- Such high-speed screen switching that is difficult for human eyes to perceive is considered as a cause of eye fatigue.
- it has been proposed to reduce the number of times of image rewriting by lowering the refresh rate of the display device.
- power consumption of the display device can be reduced by driving at a reduced refresh rate.
- Such a driving method is called idling stop (IDS) driving.
- IDS idling stop
- the discovery of the CAAC structure and the nc structure contributes to the improvement of the electrical characteristics and reliability of the transistor using the metal oxide having the CAAC structure or the nc structure, and the cost reduction and the throughput of the manufacturing process.
- research on application of the transistor to a display device and an LSI utilizing the characteristic that the leakage current of the transistor is low is underway.
- the concentration of silicon or carbon in the metal oxide and the concentration of silicon or carbon in the vicinity of the interface with the metal oxide are 2 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the metal oxide contains an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal
- a defect level is formed and carriers may be generated. Therefore, a transistor in which a metal oxide containing an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal is used for a channel formation region is likely to be normally on. Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the concentration of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal in the metal oxide.
- the concentration of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal in the metal oxide obtained by SIMS is set to 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the nitrogen in the channel formation region is preferably reduced as much as possible.
- the nitrogen concentration in the metal oxide is less than 5 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 , preferably 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less in SIMS, Preferably, it is 5 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the metal oxide reacts with oxygen bonded to the metal atom to become water, so that oxygen vacancies may be formed. When hydrogen enters the oxygen vacancies, electrons serving as carriers may be generated. In addition, a part of hydrogen may be combined with oxygen bonded to a metal atom to generate electrons as carriers. Therefore, a transistor using a metal oxide containing hydrogen is likely to be normally on. For this reason, it is preferable that hydrogen in the metal oxide is reduced as much as possible.
- the hydrogen concentration obtained by SIMS is less than 1 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 , preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 , more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3. Less than 3 , more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 .
- Stable electrical characteristics can be imparted by using a metal oxide in which impurities are sufficiently reduced for a channel formation region of a transistor.
- the transistor 200 is provided with an insulator 272 instead of the insulator 275.
- the semiconductor device illustrated in FIGS. Note that the description of the semiconductor device illustrated in FIGS. 12 to 15 can be referred to for description of other structures.
- the transistor 700 is similarly provided with an insulator equivalent to the insulator 272 instead of the insulator 775.
- FIG. 24A is a top view of a semiconductor device having a memory cell 600.
- FIG. FIGS. 24B and 25 are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 24B is a cross-sectional view taken along dashed-dotted line A1-A2 in FIG. 24A, and is also a cross-sectional view in the channel length direction of the transistors 200a and 200b.
- FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view taken along the dashed-dotted line A3-A4 in FIG. 24A, and is also a cross-sectional view in the channel width direction of the transistor 200a. Note that in the top view of FIG. 24A, some elements are omitted for clarity.
- a cross section of the portion indicated by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 24A is the same as the structure shown in FIG.
- FIG. 26 shows an enlarged view of a region 239 surrounded by a broken line in FIG.
- the insulator 272 is provided in contact with the side surface of the oxide 230 c, the side surface of the insulator 250, the side surface of the metal oxide 252, the side surface of the conductor 260, and the side surface of the insulator 270.
- the insulator 272 functions as a buffer layer.
- the insulator 272 may be formed using an insulating material having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as water or hydrogen and oxygen. In that case, the insulator 272 also has a function as a barrier layer.
- the insulator 272 is preferably formed using an ALD method.
- ALD method a dense thin film can be formed.
- the insulator 272 for example, aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, or the like is preferably used.
- the thickness of the insulator 272 is preferably greater than or equal to 0.5 nm and less than or equal to 3.0 nm.
- the insulator 272 By providing the insulator 272, side surfaces of the insulator 250, the metal oxide 252, and the conductor 260 can be covered with an insulator having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as water or hydrogen and oxygen. Therefore, entry of impurities such as hydrogen and water into the oxide 230 from the insulator 250, the end portions of the metal oxide 252, and the like can be suppressed. Therefore, formation of oxygen vacancies at the interface between the oxide 230 and the insulator 250 is suppressed, and the reliability of the transistor 200 can be improved. That is, the insulator 272 functions as a side barrier that protects the side surfaces of the gate electrode and the gate insulator.
- the conductor 240b, the conductor 740a, or the conductor 740b can be relatively short-circuited with the gate of the transistor 200a, the transistor 200b, or the transistor 700. Without being self-aligned. Accordingly, the area occupied by the transistor 200a, the transistor 200b, or the transistor 700 can be reduced, so that the memory cell array can be further miniaturized and highly integrated.
- the layers including the transistor 700, the memory cell 600a, and the memory cell 600b as shown in FIG. 610 may be stacked.
- the layer 610 is laminated from the first layer to the Nth layer.
- FIG. 27 by stacking a plurality of cell arrays, cells can be integrated and arranged without increasing the occupied area of the cell array. That is, a 3D cell array can be configured.
- a semiconductor device having favorable electrical characteristics can be provided.
- a semiconductor device with low off-state current can be provided.
- a semiconductor device with high on-state current can be provided.
- a highly reliable semiconductor device can be provided.
- a semiconductor device that can be miniaturized or highly integrated can be provided.
- a semiconductor device with reduced power consumption can be provided.
- a highly productive semiconductor device can be provided.
- This embodiment mode can be combined with any of the other embodiment modes as appropriate.
- FIG. 28A shows a perspective view of the semiconductor device 300.
- FIG. 28B is a top view of the semiconductor device 300.
- the semiconductor device 300 is an electronic component and also an MCM.
- an interposer 301 is provided on a package substrate 302 (printed substrate), and a CPU 303, a GPU 304, and a plurality of semiconductor devices 10 are provided on the interposer 301.
- a broadband memory (HBM) formed by stacking a plurality of cell arrays is shown as an example of the semiconductor device 10.
- HBM broadband memory
- a CPU, a GPU, and a memory are illustrated as an integrated circuit (semiconductor chip) provided on the interposer 301.
- integrated circuit semiconductor chip
- other integrated circuits may be used.
- the package substrate 302 can be a ceramic substrate, a plastic substrate, a glass epoxy substrate, or the like.
- the interposer 301 a silicon interposer, a resin interposer, or the like can be used.
- the interposer 301 has a plurality of wirings and a function of electrically connecting a plurality of integrated circuits having different terminal pitches.
- the plurality of wirings are provided in a single layer or multiple layers.
- the interposer 301 has a function of electrically connecting an integrated circuit provided on the interposer 301 to an electrode provided on the package substrate 302. For these reasons, the interposer is sometimes called a “redistribution substrate” or an “intermediate substrate”.
- a through electrode is provided in the interposer 301 and the integrated circuit and the package substrate 302 are electrically connected using the through electrode.
- TSV Three Silicon Via
- a silicon interposer As the interposer 301, it is preferable to use a silicon interposer as the interposer 301. Since a silicon interposer does not require an active element, it can be manufactured at a lower cost than manufacturing an integrated circuit. On the other hand, since the wiring formation of the silicon interposer can be performed by a semiconductor process, it is easy to form a fine wiring which is difficult with the resin interposer.
- the interposer for mounting the HBM is required to form fine and high-density wiring. Therefore, it is preferable to use a silicon interposer as the interposer for mounting the HBM.
- FIGS. 29A to 29C are cross-sectional views corresponding to a portion between A1 and A2 indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 29A and 29B are cross-sectional views of a semiconductor device 300 including the semiconductor device 10 of one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 29C is a cross-sectional view for explaining a conventional semiconductor device 300p.
- the semiconductor device 300p includes a CPU 303 (not shown in FIG. 29C), a GPU 304, and a semiconductor device 10p.
- the semiconductor device 10p corresponds to the semiconductor device 10.
- an interposer 301 is provided on a package substrate 302 through a plurality of bumps 311. Further, the CPU 303 (not shown in FIG. 29C), the GPU 304, and the semiconductor device 10p are provided on the interposer 301 via different bumps 312. Note that the bump 312 is smaller than the bump 311.
- the bump 311 and the bump 312 are formed using a conductive material including gold (Au), nickel (Ni), indium (In), tin (Sn), and the like. For example, solder may be used as the bump.
- the semiconductor device 10p includes a semiconductor device 25a, a semiconductor device 25b, a semiconductor device 25c, and a semiconductor device 35.
- the semiconductor device 25a, the semiconductor device 25b, and the semiconductor device 25c each include a cell array
- the semiconductor device 35 includes a semiconductor device 25a, the semiconductor device 25b, a logic circuit for controlling the semiconductor device 25c, and the like.
- the semiconductor device 25a, the semiconductor device 25b, the semiconductor device 25c, and the semiconductor device 35 are each formed using a silicon substrate.
- the semiconductor device 25a is provided so as to overlap the semiconductor device 35 via a plurality of bumps.
- the semiconductor device 25b is provided over the semiconductor device 25a via a plurality of bumps.
- the semiconductor device 25c is provided over the semiconductor device 25b via a plurality of bumps.
- the semiconductor device 25a, the semiconductor device 25b, the semiconductor device 25c, and the semiconductor device 35 are each provided with a TSV 313.
- the semiconductor device 25a, the semiconductor device 25b, and the semiconductor device 25c are electrically connected to the semiconductor device 35 through the TSV 313 and the bump 312.
- the semiconductor device 35 is electrically connected to the interposer 301 via the TSV 313 and the bump 312.
- the semiconductor device 10p is likely to be thick because the semiconductor device 25a, the semiconductor device 25b, the semiconductor device 25c, and the semiconductor device 35 are laminated via the bumps 312. That is, it is difficult to reduce the thickness of the semiconductor device 300p. Further, since it is necessary to use TSV 313 frequently, an increase in manufacturing cost and a decrease in yield are likely to occur.
- the semiconductor device 300 is different from the semiconductor device 300p in that the semiconductor device 10 is used instead of the semiconductor device 10p.
- the semiconductor device 10 includes a layer 20_1, a layer 20_2, a layer 20_3, and a layer 30.
- Each of the layer 20_1, the layer 20_2, and the layer 20_3 includes a cell array, and the layer 30 includes a logic circuit for controlling the layer 20_1, the layer 20_2, and the layer 20_3.
- the semiconductor substrate described in any of the above embodiments can be used. Since the semiconductor device 10 has been described in the above embodiment, a detailed description in this embodiment is omitted.
- FIG. 29A shows an example of the semiconductor device 10 in which the layer 30 is formed using a silicon substrate.
- the layer 20_1 is provided over the layer 30, the layer 20_2 is provided over the layer 20_1, and the layer 20_3 is provided over the layer 20_2.
- the layers 20_1, 20_2, and 20_3 are each formed using a thin film process. Therefore, no gap is formed between the layer 30 and the layer 20_1, between the layer 20_1 and the layer 20_2, and between the layer 20_2 and the layer 20_3, and the semiconductor device 10 can be thinned. That is, the semiconductor device 300 can be easily thinned.
- the TSV 313 and the bump 312 do not need to be provided; therefore, manufacturing cost can be reduced and manufacturing yield can be improved. Further, since the semiconductor device 10 can eliminate or reduce the use of a silicon substrate as compared with the semiconductor device 10p, the manufacturing cost can be reduced as compared with the semiconductor device 10p.
- FIG. 29B illustrates an example of the semiconductor device 10 in which the layer 30 is formed using a thin film process as well as the layer 20_1, the layer 20_2, and the layer 20_3.
- the layer 30 is formed directly over the interposer 301, the bump 312 provided between the layer 30 and the interposer 301 in FIG. 29A can be omitted. Therefore, it is easier to make the device thinner than the semiconductor device 300 illustrated in FIG. 29A, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced and the manufacturing yield can be improved.
- 30 (A) and 30 (B) are cross-sectional views corresponding to A1-A2 indicated by a dashed line in FIG. 28 (B).
- the heat sink 360 heat radiating plate
- a transistor using an oxide semiconductor that is a kind of metal oxide for a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed (also referred to as an “OS transistor”) has an extremely small increase in off-state current even when an operating temperature rises and is stable. Can work. Therefore, in the case where the semiconductor device 10 is formed using an OS transistor, as shown in FIG. 30B, even if the semiconductor device 10 is lower than the GPU 304 (and the CPU 303, not shown in FIG. 30B). I do not care. Specifically, h1 may be smaller than h2. By using the OS transistor, the degree of freedom in designing the semiconductor device 300 can be increased. By forming the integrated circuit with an OS transistor, the heat sink 360 can be omitted.
- an electrode 315 may be provided on the bottom of the package substrate 302.
- FIG. 31A shows an example in which the electrode 315 is formed of a solder ball.
- BGA Ball Grid Array
- FIG. 31B illustrates an example in which the electrode 315 is formed using a conductive pin.
- PGA Peripheral Component Interconnect
- the semiconductor device 300 can be mounted on other substrates using various mounting methods, not limited to BGA and PGA.
- SPGA Sttaggered Pin Grid Array
- LGA Land Grid Array
- QFP Quad Flat Package
- QFJ Quad Flat J-readed Package
- QFN Quad Flat Non-Package
- This embodiment mode can be combined with any of the other embodiment modes as appropriate.
- the semiconductor device and the electronic component according to one embodiment of the present invention can be mounted on various electronic devices.
- electronic devices are relatively large, such as television devices, desktop or notebook personal computers, monitors for computers, digital signage (digital signage), and large game machines such as pachinko machines.
- electronic devices including a screen, a digital camera, a digital video camera, a digital photo frame, a mobile phone, a portable game machine, a portable information terminal, a sound reproducing device, and the like can be given.
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention may have an antenna. By receiving a signal with an antenna, video, information, and the like can be displayed on the display unit.
- the antenna may be used for non-contact power transmission.
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention includes a sensor (force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, rotation speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substance, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, It may have a function of measuring voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor, or infrared).
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention can have various functions. For example, a function for displaying various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display unit, a touch panel function, a function for displaying a calendar, date or time, a function for executing various software (programs), and wireless communication A function, a function of reading a program or data recorded on a recording medium, and the like can be provided. 32 and 33 show examples of electronic devices.
- 32A includes a computing device 2110, an illuminance sensor 2101, a microphone 2102, an upper camera 2103, a speaker 2104, a display 2105, a lower camera 2106, an obstacle sensor 2107, and a moving mechanism 2108.
- a humanoid robot is shown as an example.
- the semiconductor device and / or the electronic component can be used for the arithmetic device 2110, the illuminance sensor 2101, the upper camera 2103, the lower camera 2106, the obstacle sensor 2107, and the like.
- the microphone 2102 has a function of detecting a user's speaking voice and environmental sound.
- the speaker 2104 has a function of emitting sound.
- the robot 2100 can communicate with the user using the microphone 2102 and the speaker 2104.
- the display 2105 has a function of displaying various information.
- the robot 2100 can display information desired by the user on the display 2105.
- the display 2105 may be equipped with a touch panel.
- the upper camera 2103 and the lower camera 2106 have a function of imaging the surroundings of the robot 2100.
- the obstacle sensor 2107 can detect the presence or absence of an obstacle in the traveling direction when the robot 2100 moves forward by bipedal walking.
- the robot 2100 can recognize the surrounding environment using the upper camera 2103, the lower camera 2106, and the obstacle sensor 2107, and can move safely.
- FIG. 32 (B) is an external view showing an example of an automobile.
- the automobile 2980 has a camera 2981 and the like.
- the automobile 2980 includes various sensors such as an infrared radar, a millimeter wave radar, and a laser radar.
- the automobile 2980 can analyze an image taken by the camera 2981, determine surrounding traffic conditions such as the presence or absence of a pedestrian, and perform automatic driving.
- the semiconductor device and / or the electronic component can be used for the camera 2981.
- FIG. 32C shows a situation in which the portable electronic device 2130 performs simultaneous interpretation in communication between a plurality of people who speak in different languages.
- the portable electronic device 2130 includes a microphone, a speaker, and the like, and has a function of recognizing a user's speaking voice and translating it into a language spoken by the other party.
- the semiconductor device and / or the electronic component can be used for the arithmetic device of the portable electronic device 2130.
- FIG. 33A is an external view showing the flying object 2120.
- the flying object 2120 includes an arithmetic device 2121, a propeller 2123, and a camera 2122, and has a function of flying autonomously.
- the semiconductor device and / or the electronic component can be used for the arithmetic device 2121 and the camera 2122.
- FIG. 33 (B-1) and FIG. 33 (B-2) show an example of how the flying object 2120 is used.
- the flying object 2120 can be used for transporting cargo 2124.
- a container 2125 in which agricultural chemicals are enclosed can be mounted on the flying object 2120, and the flying object 2120 can be used for spraying agricultural chemicals.
- This embodiment mode can be combined with any of the other embodiment modes as appropriate.
Abstract
Description
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置について説明する。本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置は、OSトランジスタを用いて形成された記憶回路を有する。
まず、本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置が有する記憶回路の構成例について説明する。図1(A−1)に、記憶回路MEMの構成例を示す。
図2に、半導体装置10の構成例を示す。半導体装置10は、OSトランジスタを用いて構成された単極性回路を備えた層20を有する。層20には、図1(A−1)に示す記憶回路MEMを設けることができる。
図2には、記憶回路MEMを有する層20が1層設けられた半導体装置10の構成例を示しているが、2層以上の層20を積層することもできる。図4に、N層(Nは2以上の整数)の層20(層20_1乃至20_N)が積層された構成を示す。層20_1乃至20_Nはそれぞれ、記憶回路MEM_1乃至記MEM_Nを有する。なお、記憶回路MEM_1乃至記MEM_Nの構成及び機能は、図2における記憶回路MEMと同様である。
図2には、層20に記憶回路MEMが設けられた構成例を示しているが、層20に設けられる回路は記憶回路MEMに限定されない。また、層20には機能の異なる複数の回路が設けられていてもよい。図5に、層20が記憶回路MEM、FPGA、及びアナログ演算回路を有する構成例を示す。
半導体装置10は、撮像装置としての機能を有していてもよい。図6に、撮像装置としての機能を有する半導体装置10の構成例を示す。図6に示す半導体装置10は、記憶回路MEMを有する層20(図2参照)の上方に、層40が積層された構造を有する。
本実施の形態では、上記実施の形態で説明した記憶回路の具体的な構成例について説明する。
本実施の形態では、上記実施の形態で説明した半導体装置の具体的な構成例について、図9乃至図27を用いて説明する。
図9乃至図14は、本発明の一態様に係る、トランジスタ700、メモリセル600a、およびメモリセル600bを有する半導体装置の上面図および断面図である。なお、以下において、メモリセル600aとメモリセル600bをまとめてメモリセル600という場合がある。
以下では、半導体装置に用いることができる構成材料について説明する。以下において、特段の記載を行わない場合、トランジスタ200に用いることができる構成材料は、トランジスタ700に用いることができるものとする。
トランジスタ200およびトランジスタ700を形成する基板としては、例えば、絶縁体基板、半導体基板または導電体基板を用いればよい。絶縁体基板としては、例えば、ガラス基板、石英基板、サファイア基板、安定化ジルコニア基板(イットリア安定化ジルコニア基板など)、樹脂基板などがある。また、半導体基板としては、例えば、シリコン、ゲルマニウムなどの半導体基板、または炭化シリコン、シリコンゲルマニウム、ヒ化ガリウム、リン化インジウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化ガリウムからなる化合物半導体基板などがある。さらには、前述の半導体基板内部に絶縁体領域を有する半導体基板、例えばSOI(Silicon On Insulator)基板などがある。導電体基板としては、黒鉛基板、金属基板、合金基板、導電性樹脂基板などがある。または、金属の窒化物を有する基板、金属の酸化物を有する基板などがある。さらには、絶縁体基板に導電体または半導体が設けられた基板、半導体基板に導電体または絶縁体が設けられた基板、導電体基板に半導体または絶縁体が設けられた基板などがある。または、これらの基板に素子が設けられたものを用いてもよい。基板に設けられる素子としては、容量素子、抵抗素子、スイッチ素子、発光素子、記憶素子などがある。
絶縁体としては、絶縁性を有する酸化物、窒化物、酸化窒化物、窒化酸化物、金属酸化物、金属酸化窒化物、金属窒化酸化物などがある。
導電体としては、アルミニウム、クロム、銅、銀、金、白金、タンタル、ニッケル、チタン、モリブデン、タングステン、ハフニウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、マンガン、マグネシウム、ジルコニウム、ベリリウム、インジウム、ルテニウムなどから選ばれた金属元素を1種以上含む材料を用いることができる。また、リン等の不純物元素を含有させた多結晶シリコンに代表される、電気伝導度が高い半導体、ニッケルシリサイドなどのシリサイドを用いてもよい。
酸化物230として、酸化物半導体として機能する金属酸化物(以下、酸化物半導体ともいう。)を用いることが好ましい。以下では、本発明に係る酸化物230に適用可能な金属酸化物について説明する。
以下では、本発明の一態様で開示されるトランジスタに用いることができるCAC(Cloud−Aligned Composite)−OSの構成について説明する。
酸化物半導体(金属酸化物)は、単結晶酸化物半導体と、それ以外の非単結晶酸化物半導体と、に分けられる。非単結晶酸化物半導体としては、例えば、CAAC−OS(c−axis aligned crystalline oxide semiconductor)、多結晶酸化物半導体、nc−OS(nanocrystalline oxide semiconductor)、擬似非晶質酸化物半導体(a−like OS:amorphous−like oxide semiconductor)および非晶質酸化物半導体などがある。
続いて、上記金属酸化物をトランジスタのチャネル形成領域に用いる場合について説明する。
ここで、金属酸化物中における各不純物の影響について説明する。
以下では、図24乃至図27を用いて、本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置の一例について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の半導体装置10を電子部品に適用する例について説明する。なお、電子部品は、半導体パッケージ、またはICパッケージともいう。半導体パッケージの一つに、複数の半導体チップ(集積回路)を1つのパッケージに実装したMCM(Multi Chip Module)が知られている。
本実施の形態では、上記実施の形態で説明した半導体装置および/または電子部品が搭載された電子機器の例について説明する。
Claims (8)
- セルアレイと、第1の駆動回路と、第2の駆動回路と、を有し、
前記セルアレイは、第1のメモリセル及び第2のメモリセルを有し、
前記第1の駆動回路は、選択信号を供給する機能を有し、
前記第2の駆動回路は、データの書き込み又は読み出しを行う機能を有し、
前記第1のメモリセルは、第1のトランジスタと、第1の容量素子と、を有し、
前記第2のメモリセルは、第2のトランジスタと、第2の容量素子と、を有し、
前記第1のトランジスタのソース又はドレインの一方は、前記第1の容量素子と電気的に接続され、
前記第2のトランジスタのソース又はドレインの一方は、前記第2の容量素子と電気的に接続され、
前記第1の駆動回路は、第3のトランジスタを有し、
前記第2の駆動回路は、第4のトランジスタを有し、
前記第1のトランジスタ、前記第2のトランジスタ、前記第3のトランジスタ、及び前記第4のトランジスタは、チャネル形成領域に金属酸化物を有し、
前記第1のトランジスタ、前記第2のトランジスタ、前記第3のトランジスタ、及び前記第4のトランジスタの極性は同一であり、
前記第1のトランジスタのチャネル形成領域及び前記第2のトランジスタのチャネル形成領域は、同一の半導体層に形成される半導体装置。 - 請求項1において、
制御回路を有し、
前記制御回路は、前記第1の駆動回路及び前記第2の駆動回路の動作を制御する機能を有し、
前記制御回路は、第5のトランジスタを有し、
前記第5のトランジスタは、チャネル形成領域に金属酸化物を有し、
前記第5のトランジスタの極性は、前記第1のトランジスタ、前記第2のトランジスタ、前記第3のトランジスタ、及び前記第4のトランジスタの極性と同一である半導体装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記第1のトランジスタは、第1のゲート電極と、第1の絶縁層と、を有し、
前記第2のトランジスタは、第2のゲート電極と、第2の絶縁層と、を有し、
前記第1の絶縁層は、前記第1のゲート電極の側面と接する領域を有し、
前記第2の絶縁層は、前記第2のゲート電極の側面と接する領域を有し、
前記半導体層は、前記第1の絶縁層又は前記第2の絶縁層の側面と接する領域を有する導電層と、電気的に接続されている半導体装置。 - 請求項3において、
前記第1のトランジスタ及び前記第2のトランジスタは、バックゲートを有し、
前記第1のトランジスタのバックゲート及び前記第2のトランジスタのバックゲートは、同一の導電層によって構成されている半導体装置。 - 請求項3又は4において、
前記半導体層は、表面に金属を含む層を有し、
前記金属を含む層は、前記第1のゲート電極、前記第2のゲート電極、第1の絶縁層、及び第2の絶縁層と重ならない領域に形成され、
前記金属は、前記半導体層の主成分とは異なる半導体装置。 - 請求項5において、
前記金属は、アルミニウム、ルテニウム、チタン、タンタル、タングステン、又はクロムである半導体装置。 - パッケージ基板と、インターポーザと、集積回路と、
請求項1に記載の半導体装置と、を有し、
前記集積回路および前記半導体装置は前記インターポーザ上に設けられ、
前記集積回路は前記インターポーザに設けられた配線を介して前記半導体装置と電気的に接続され、
前記集積回路または前記半導体装置の少なくとも一方は、
前記インターポーザを介して前記パッケージ基板と電気的に接続する電子部品。 - 請求項7に記載の電子部品と、
マイクロフォン、スピーカ、またはカメラと、
を有する電子機器。
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