WO2018123177A1 - ポリイソチアナフテン系導電性重合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a conductive polymer compound (conductive polymer). More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing a polyisothianaphthene-based conductive polymer having a simple polymerization and purification process.
- ⁇ -conjugated polymers represented by polyacetylene, polythiophene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyphenylene, poly (p-phenylene-vinylene) and the like are doped with an electron-accepting compound as a dopant.
- ⁇ -conjugated polymers represented by polyacetylene, polythiophene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyphenylene, poly (p-phenylene-vinylene) and the like are doped with an electron-accepting compound as a dopant.
- ⁇ -conjugated polymers polythiophene is excellent in chemical stability and useful.
- a conductive polymer is produced by mixing a monomer for obtaining a conductive polymer and an oxidizing agent such as a metal catalyst, and by chemical oxidative polymerization or electrolytic polymerization (Patent Document) 1-10).
- JP 2013-539806 A (WO2012 / 048823) Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-117367 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2015-21100 Special table 2011-510141 (US ⁇ 8,721,928) JP 2003-261654 A International Publication No. 2011/004833 (US (2012/104308) JP 2002-158144 A (US Pat. No. 6,614,063) JP 2009-130018 (US Pat. No. 8,027,151) JP 2005-158882 A JP 2008-214401 A
- a treatment step is required for washing or removing the catalyst.
- PSS PSS aqueous dispersion solution obtained by polymerizing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) in a water-soluble polymer aqueous solution such as polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS) as a dopant
- EDOT 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene
- PSS polystyrene sulfonic acid
- the concentration is limited to a certain level, and it is necessary to add PSS more than the amount of dopant in order to form a dispersion liquid, and when the film is formed, a portion that does not contribute to conductivity appears (Patent Documents 1 to 4).
- PSS concentration of dopant
- an electrolysis apparatus is necessary and molding is possible only on the surface of the electrode having conductivity (Patent Documents 8 and 9).
- polymerizing once in a water solvent, adding a solvent, and carrying out a layer transfer is taken (patent document 10).
- the purpose of the present invention is to (1) Providing a conductive polymer film from a monomer solution without complicated polymerization and purification steps; (2) To provide a conductive polymer precursor liquid capable of easily adjusting performance according to the purpose such as solvent affinity and solubility of the conductive polymer; (3) To provide a one-pack type high-concentration conductive polymer solution capable of forming a conductive polymer film.
- the present invention also provides: (4) Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for easily producing a non-aqueous conductive polymer dispersion from the conductive polymer of the present invention.
- benzo [c] thiophene-- which is an isothianaphthene derivative in the presence of a compound having a sulfo group as a substituent having dopant ability and catalytic ability. It has been found that the intended conductive polymer (conductive polymer) can be obtained by homo- or copolymerizing a compound having a 1,3-dihydro-2-oxide skeleton, and has led to the completion of the present invention. .
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a conductive polymer of the following [1] to [13], a conductive polymer of [14], and a dispersion of the conductive polymer of [15].
- [1] General formula (1) [Wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently (1) a hydrogen atom or (2) a linear or branched group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbon chains in the substituents represented by R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are bonded to each other at an arbitrary position, and at least 1 together with the carbon atom to which the substituent is bonded. At least one divalent chain that forms a cyclic structure of two saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons of 3 to 7 members may be formed.
- the alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkyl ester group represented by R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 , or the cyclic hydrocarbon chain formed by them include carbonyl, ether, ester, amide, It may contain at least one bond selected from sulfide, sulfinyl, sulfonyl and imino.
- M is OH or O
- - Na +, O - Li + and O - alkali metal alkoxide is selected from K +, O - NH 4 + in ammonium alkoxide represented, linear or branched having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- k represents the number of condensed rings surrounded by a heterocycle and a benzene ring having substituents R 1 to R 4 , and is an integer of 0 to 3.
- a method for producing a polyisothianaphthene-based conductive polymer comprising polymerizing at least one compound (A1) represented by formula (B) in the presence of a compound (B) having a sulfo group.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 in the general formula (1) are each independently (1) a hydrogen atom or (2) a straight chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbon chains in the substituents represented by R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are bonded to each other at any position, and together with the carbon atom to which the substituent is bonded, at least one 3 to You may form at least 1 bivalent chain
- the alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkyl ester group represented by R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 , or the cyclic hydrocarbon chain formed by them include carbonyl, ether, ester, amide, sulfide, sulfinyl.
- M is OH or O
- - Na +, O - Li + and O - alkali metal alkoxide is selected from K +, O - NH 4 + in ammonium alkoxide represented, linear or branched having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- k represents the number of condensed rings surrounded by a heterocycle and a benzene ring having substituents R 2 to R 4 , and is an integer of 0 to 3.
- R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 in the general formula (2) are each independently (1) a hydrogen atom, (2) a straight chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or Selected from a branched alkyl group, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched alkyl ester group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and (3) a halogen atom 6.
- Production method [11] The process for producing a conductive polymer as described in any one of 1 to 10 above, wherein the polymerization is carried out without using an oxidizing agent.
- a conductive polymer film can be prepared from a monomer solution without complicated polymerization and purification steps.
- a conductive polymer precursor liquid capable of easily adjusting the performance according to the purpose such as solvent affinity and solubility of the conductive polymer can be obtained.
- a one-pack type high-concentration conductive polymer solution capable of forming a conductive polymer film can be obtained.
- a non-aqueous conductive polymer dispersion can be easily produced from the conductive polymer according to the present invention.
- Example 4 is a TG-DTA curve of the polymer (polyisothianaphthene) obtained in Example 4.
- 6 is a TG-DTA curve of the polymer (polyisothianaphthene) obtained in Comparative Example 4.
- 6 is a TG-DTA curve of the polymer (polyisothianaphthene) obtained in Example 8.
- 6 is a TG-DTA curve of the polymer (polyisothianaphthene) obtained in Comparative Example 6.
- the method for producing a conductive polymer of the present invention is any of the following methods (i) to (iii).
- Method (iii): at least one compound (A1) and at least one compound (A2) are copolymerized.
- a conductive polymer can be obtained by polymerizing at least one compound (A1) represented by the general formula (1) in the presence of a compound (B) having a sulfo group.
- the compound (A1) used in the present invention is a compound represented by the general formula (1).
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are each independently (1) a hydrogen atom or (2) linear or branched having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 examples include hydrogen atom, halogen atom, SO 2 M, alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkyl ester group, nitro group, cyano group. Groups and the like.
- examples of the halogen atom include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine
- examples of the hydrocarbon chain of the alkyl group or alkyl ester group include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n -Butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like.
- alkoxy group examples include groups such as methoxy, ethoxy, (2-methoxy) ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, hexyloxy, octyloxy, dodecyloxy and the like.
- the alkyl ester group includes an alkylcarbonyloxy group and an alkoxycarbonyl group.
- a malonate group —OCOCH 2 CO 2 H
- a fumarate group —OCOCH ⁇ CHCO 2 H, a double bond is Trans-type
- maleate group —OCOCH ⁇ CHCO 2 H, double bond is cis-type
- the alkylcarbonyloxy group and the alkyl of the alkoxycarbonyl group are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc. Also mentioned. Furthermore, examples of substituents other than those described above include amino groups such as methylamino, ethylamino, diphenylamino, and anilino, and groups such as trifluoromethyl, chlorophenyl, and acetamide.
- R 5 and R 6 are more preferably a hydrogen atom.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are more preferably at least two of the four are hydrogen atoms, more preferably at least three are hydrogen atoms, and particularly preferably all hydrogen atoms.
- the hydrocarbon chains in the substituents represented by R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are bonded to each other at an arbitrary position, and at least 1 together with the carbon atom to which the substituent is bonded. At least one divalent chain that forms a cyclic structure of two saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons of 3 to 7 members may be formed.
- the alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkyl ester group represented by R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 , or the cyclic hydrocarbon chain formed by them include carbonyl, ether, ester, amide, It may contain at least one bond selected from sulfide, sulfinyl, sulfonyl and imino.
- hydrocarbon chain of the substituent R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 or R 6 in the general formula (1) is bonded to each other at an arbitrary position to form a saturated or unsaturated 3- to 7-member ring
- Examples of forming a hydrocarbon cyclic structure include structures represented by the following formulas (3) to (5).
- k represents the number of condensed rings surrounded by a 1,3-dihydrothiophene-S-oxide ring and a benzene ring having the substituents R 1 to R 4 (general formula (1)), and represents an integer of 0 to 3 . From the viewpoint of solubility in a solvent, k is preferably 0.
- Specific examples of the basic skeleton portion excluding the substituents R 1 to R 6 of the compound represented by the general formula (1) include, for example, 1,3-dihydroisothianaphthene-S-oxide (a compound in which k is 0). Is mentioned.
- Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (1) include benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide, naphtho [2,3-c] thiophene-1,3- At least one selected from dihydro-2-oxide is preferably used.
- R 1A , R 2A , R 3A , R 4A , R 5A , R 6A and k are respectively R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R in the general formula (1). 4 represents the same meaning as R 5 , R 6 and k.
- R 5A and R 6A are more preferably hydrogen atoms.
- R 1A , R 2A , R 3A and R 4A are more preferably at least two of the four are hydrogen atoms, more preferably at least three are hydrogen atoms, and particularly preferably all hydrogen atoms.
- the compound (B) having a sulfo group is considered to have dopant ability and catalytic ability by coexisting with the compound (A1).
- the compound (B) having a sulfo group is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having one or more sulfo groups in the molecule.
- a low molecular sulfonic acid and a sulfonic acid polymer having one or more sulfo groups in the molecule can be mentioned.
- the sulfonate compound can be used after ion exchange.
- Examples of the low molecular sulfonic acid include sulfuric acid, alkyl sulfonic acid, benzene sulfonic acid, naphthalene sulfonic acid, anthraquinone sulfonic acid, camphor sulfonic acid, and derivatives thereof. These low molecular sulfonic acids may be monosulfonic acid, disulfonic acid or trisulfonic acid. Examples of the alkylsulfonic acid derivatives include 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid.
- Examples of the benzenesulfonic acid derivative include phenolsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, and the like.
- Examples of the naphthalenesulfonic acid derivatives include 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 1,3-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 1,3,6-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid, 6-ethyl-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid, and the like. Can be mentioned.
- anthraquinone sulfonic acid derivatives examples include anthraquinone-1-sulfonic acid, anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid, anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid, and 2-methylanthraquinone-6-sulfonic acid.
- 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 1,3,6-naphthalenetrisulfonic acid, anthraquinonesulfonic acid, anthraquinone disulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and camphorsulfonic acid are preferable.
- polystyrene sulfonic acid examples include polyvinyl sulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyallyl sulfonic acid, polyacrylic acid ethyl sulfonic acid, polyacrylic acid butyl sulfonic acid, poly (2-acrylamide-2- Methyl propane sulfonic acid), polyisoprene sulfonic acid and the like. These may be homopolymers or two or more types of copolymers.
- polystyrene sulfonic acid polyisoprene sulfonic acid, polyacrylic acid ethyl sulfonic acid, and polyacrylic acid butyl sulfonic acid are preferable.
- a thing with a weight average molecular weight of 1,000,000 or less is preferable, More preferably, it is 500,000, More preferably, it is 300,000. If the weight average molecular weight is 1,000,000 or less, the solubility in the system is good and the handling is easy.
- the polymer having a sulfo group can alleviate the thermal decomposition of the conjugated conductive polymer, improve the dispersibility of the monomer for obtaining the conjugated conductive polymer in the dispersion medium, and further conjugated. It can function as a dopant for the conductive polymer. Only 1 type may be used for the compound (B) which has these sulfo groups, and 2 or more types may be used together.
- a conductive polymer can be obtained by polymerizing at least one compound (A1) in the presence of a compound (B) having a sulfo group.
- the amount of the compound (B) having a sulfo group is preferably 1 to 400 mol, more preferably 5 to 300 mol, and still more preferably 10 to 250 mol with respect to 100 mol of the compound (A1) in terms of sulfo group.
- the amount of the compound (B) is preferably 1 to 400 mol in terms of sulfo group with respect to 100 mol of the compound (A1) from the viewpoint of reaction rate and reaction rate.
- a conductive polymer is obtained by polymerizing at least one compound (A2) represented by the general formula (2).
- the compound (A2) can be polymerized even if the compound (B) having a sulfo group is not present.
- the compound (A2) is presumed to be because the compound (A2) is a structural unit of the conductive polymer, and itself has a sulfo group and also has a dopant ability and a catalytic ability.
- the compound (B) having the sulfo group may be included in addition to the compound (A2).
- the compound (A2) is a compound represented by the general formula (2).
- R 7 is a sulfo group.
- R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently (1) a hydrogen atom, (2) linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- M is OH or O
- - Na +, O - Li + and O - alkali metal alkoxide is selected from K +, O - NH 4 + in ammonium alkoxide represented, linear or branched having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- useful substituents R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 include a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, SO 2 M, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl ester group, a nitro group, and a cyano group. Can be mentioned.
- examples of the halogen atom include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine
- examples of the hydrocarbon chain of the alkyl group or alkyl ester group include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n- Examples include butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like.
- alkoxy group examples include groups such as methoxy, ethoxy, (2-methoxy) ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, hexyloxy, octyloxy, dodecyloxy and the like.
- the alkyl ester group includes an alkylcarbonyloxy group and an alkoxycarbonyl group.
- a malonate group —OCOCH 2 CO 2 H
- a fumarate group —OCOCH ⁇ CHCO 2 H, a double bond is Trans-type
- maleate group —OCOCH ⁇ CHCO 2 H, double bond is cis-type
- the alkylcarbonyloxy group and the alkyl of the alkoxycarbonyl group are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc. Also mentioned. Furthermore, examples of substituents other than those described above include amino groups such as methylamino, ethylamino, diphenylamino, and anilino, and groups such as trifluoromethyl, chlorophenyl, and acetamide.
- the hydrocarbon chains in the substituents represented by R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are bonded to each other at any position, and together with the carbon atom to which the substituent is bonded, at least one 3 to You may form at least 1 bivalent chain
- the alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkyl ester group represented by R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 , or the cyclic hydrocarbon chain formed by them include carbonyl, ether, ester, amide, sulfide, sulfinyl. , At least one bond selected from sulfonyl and imino.
- the hydrocarbon chain of the substituent R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 or R 6 in the general formula (2) is bonded to each other at an arbitrary position to form a 3- to 7-membered saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon.
- Examples of forming a cyclic structure include structures represented by formulas (6) to (8).
- R 7A is a sulfo group.
- R 2A , R 3A , R 4A , R 5A , R 6A and k represent the same meaning as R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and k in the general formula (2), respectively.
- R 5A and R 6A are more preferably hydrogen atoms.
- R 2A , R 3A and R 4A are more preferably at least two of three hydrogen atoms, and particularly preferably all hydrogen atoms.
- k represents the number of condensed rings surrounded by a heterocycle and a benzene ring having substituents R 2 to R 4 , and is an integer of 0 to 3. From the viewpoint of solubility in a solvent, k is preferably 0.
- Specific examples of the basic skeleton part excluding the substituents R 2 to R 7 of the compound represented by the general formula (2) include, for example, 1,3-dihydroisothianaphthene-S-oxide (compound in which k is 0). Can be mentioned.
- Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (2) include benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-4-sulfonic acid, benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide.
- R 5 and R 6 are more preferably a hydrogen atom.
- R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are more preferably at least one of three is a hydrogen atom, more preferably at least two are hydrogen atoms, and particularly preferably all hydrogen atoms.
- benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5-sulfonic acid benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5,6-disulfonic acid Is mentioned.
- a compound (A2) can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- a conductive polymer is obtained by copolymerizing at least one compound (A1) and at least one compound (A2).
- the compound (B) having the sulfo group may be included.
- at least one compound represented by the general formula (1-2) can be used instead of the compound (A1).
- at least one compound represented by the general formula (2-2) can be used instead of the compound (A2).
- the amount of the compound (A2) is preferably 1 to 400 mol, more preferably 5 to 300 mol, and still more preferably 10 to 250 mol with respect to 100 parts by mass of the compound (A1) in terms of sulfo group.
- the amount of the compound (B) is preferably 1 to 400 mol in terms of sulfo group with respect to 100 mol of the compound (A1) from the viewpoint of reaction rate and reaction rate.
- the performance according to the purpose such as solvent affinity and solubility of the conductive polymer can be easily adjusted.
- benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide as compound (A1) and benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5-sulfonic acid as compound (A2) Since these two have different degrees of water solubility, the higher the proportion of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide, the higher the water solubility of the resulting conductive polymer. Decreases and becomes insoluble. Also, as the proportion of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide increases, the crystallized region in the polyisothianaphthene skeleton increases and the conductivity tends to improve.
- solvent (C) In the polymerization according to the present invention, it is preferable to use a solvent from the viewpoint of material diffusion.
- the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the monomer to be used is dissolved.
- examples include glycerol (glycerin), diglycerol (diglycerin), and polyethylene glycol.
- water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, dimethylformamide, ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide are preferable, and water, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide are more preferable.
- a solvent having a boiling point higher than that of water As a part or all of the solvent, those having a boiling point of 105 ° C. or higher are preferable.
- toluene (boiling point: 111 ° C.), butanol (boiling point: 118 ° C.), acetic acid (boiling point: 118 ° C.), acetic anhydride (boiling point: 140 ° C.), dimethylformamide (boiling point: 153 ° C.), dimethyl Sulfoxide (boiling point: 189 ° C), ⁇ -butyrolactone (boiling point: 203 ° C), propylene carbonate (boiling point: 240 ° C), sulfolane (boiling point: 285 ° C), N-methylpyrrolidone (boiling point: 202 ° C), dimethylsulfolane (boiling point) : 233 ° C), butanediol (boiling point: 230 ° C), ethylene glycol (boiling point: 198 ° C),
- polyethylene glycol such as polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 600, and polyethylene glycol 1500 (the number after polyethylene glycol represents the molecular weight), does not have a boiling point under normal pressure, but is volatile under reduced pressure. Include what you do. In addition, when the boiling point is indicated, the pressure not indicated in parentheses is the boiling point under normal pressure.
- these solvents having a boiling point higher than that of water ethylene glycol or dimethyl sulfoxide which is miscible with water and does not azeotrope is preferable from the viewpoint of easy handling and drying and acid resistance. By using a solvent having a higher boiling point for a part or all of the solvent, it is presumed that the reaction rate is improved without hindering the diffusion of substances even when water generated in the polymerization reaction volatilizes.
- the proportion of the solvent (C) in the reaction system is preferably 0.1 to 99.5% by mass, more preferably 5 to 99% by mass, and further preferably 30 to 95% by mass.
- the reaction rate and reaction rate are good.
- the concentration of the solution varies depending on the composition, but is preferably 0.01 to 60% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass, and further preferably 1 to 30% by mass in terms of solid content.
- concentration of the solution is within this range, the polymerization can be performed at an appropriate reaction rate, and the conductive polymer can be produced stably and economically, and the storage stability of the solution is improved.
- the upper limit of the concentration of each solution is not limited to this, and any solution is between 0.01 and 100% by mass.
- the solvent having a boiling point higher than that of water is preferably 0.1 to 99.5% by mass, more preferably 1 to 80% by mass, and further preferably 5 to 70% by mass with respect to the total amount of the solvent (C). It is.
- the ratio of the solvent (C) in the reaction system is 0.1 to 99.5% by mass, the reaction can be performed with high productivity.
- the conductivity improver to be added at the time of polymerization it is preferable to use an agent that azeotropes with water when mixed with water but can be dehydrated using a Dean-Stark apparatus or the like.
- These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the compound (D) that can be copolymerized with the compounds (A1) and (A2) can be copolymerized.
- the compound (A1) and the compound (D) can be copolymerized in the presence of the compound (B) having a sulfo group.
- the compound (A2) and the compound (D) can be copolymerized.
- the compounds (A1), (A2) and the compound (D) can be copolymerized.
- Compounds (D) include isothianaphthene, isobenzofuran, isobenzoindoline, isobenzoselenaphene, isobenzoterenaphene, thiophene, pyrrole, furan, selenophene, tellurophene, aniline, benzene, naphtho [2,3-c] thiophene , Anthra [2,3-c] thiophene, naphthaceno [2,3-c] thiophene, pentaseno [2,3-c] thiophene, perilo [2,3-c] thiophene, acenaphtho [2,3-c] thiophene Aromatic compounds such as 1,3-dihydroisothianaphthene, 1,3-dihydronaphtho [2,3-c] thiophene, 1,3-dihydroanthra [2,3-c
- the compound (D) that can be copolymerized with the compounds (A1) and (A2) is preferably used in an amount of 200 mol% or less, based on the total number of moles of the compound (A1) and the compound (A2), and is 100 mol%. More preferably, it is more preferably 50 mol% or less. If it is 200 mol% or less, the reaction rate and the reaction rate are appropriate.
- Additives having other functions may be mixed during the reaction as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- a surfactant, a thickener, a thixotropic agent, a rheology control agent, or the like may be added in order to impart functionality such as coating property, impregnation property, and permeability to the conductive polymer.
- a binder or the like may be added. You may use the component which has the performance which relieve
- These additives may have a substituent. Examples thereof include dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, poly (N-vinylacetamide), polyacrylamide, and polyacrylic acid.
- An additive can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- an oxidizing agent is usually used as a catalyst.
- the oxidizing agent include ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, ferric nitrate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid iron, cupric chloride, cuprous chloride, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid copper, aluminum chloride, iodine, bromine, 2 , 3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone, tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone, tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone, tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinone, sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, trioxide
- polymerization can be carried out without using these oxidant catalysts. That is, in the present invention, polymerization is carried out in the presence of a compound (B) having a sulfo group having catalytic ability, or a compound having a substituent (sulfo group) having catalytic ability is polymerized, so that an oxidizing agent was used. In some cases, the purification step after the reaction can be omitted.
- the method for producing a conductive polymer of the present invention is at least one of the methods (i) to (iii). It is also possible to carry out polymerization by appropriately combining the conditions of these methods.
- the compound (A1), the compound (A2), the compound selected from the compound (B) having a sulfo group, and the optional solvent (C), compounds (A1) and (A2) There are no particular restrictions on the order and mode of addition of the copolymerizable compound (D) and additives to the reaction system.
- the polymerization can be performed by immersing or coating each compound on a substrate in order.
- the temperature at the time of polymerization in the above is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 300 ° C, more preferably 20 to 180 ° C, still more preferably 60 to 180 ° C. If the temperature during polymerization is 10 to 300 ° C., the reaction rate, reaction rate, and viscosity are appropriate, side reactions can be suppressed, and the production of the conductive polymer is stable and industrially suitable. It can be carried out in time, and the conductivity of the resulting conductive polymer also tends to increase.
- polymerization can be managed by using a well-known heater and a cooler. If necessary, the polymerization may be performed while changing the temperature within the above range. When the solvent is volatilized, the temperature may be lower than the polymerization temperature, or the solvent may be volatilized under reduced pressure or in a dry air stream, and then raised to the polymerization temperature.
- the atmosphere in the above polymerization is not particularly limited, and may be in the air or an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon.
- the reaction pressure is not particularly limited, but normal pressure is preferred. There is no particular limitation on the reaction time, and since it varies depending on the chemical structure, reaction temperature, reaction pressure, etc. of the compound, it cannot be defined unconditionally, but is preferably 0.01 to 240 hours, more preferably 0.1 to 72 hours. More preferably, it is 0.1 to 24 hours.
- the pH during the reaction is preferably 1 to 7, more preferably 1 to 5, and still more preferably 1 to 3. If the pH is 1 or more, the load on the substrate is small, and if the pH is 7 or less, the reaction rate and reaction rate are appropriate.
- the method for producing a conductive polymer of the present invention it is preferable to carry out the reaction while removing by-products from the reaction system. Removal of by-products can be performed by a volatilization (evaporation) method, an adsorption method, or other separation methods.
- a volatilization (evaporation) method for example, in the case where X 1 and X 2 in the general formula (1) or (2) are S ⁇ O or Se ⁇ O, water is generated as a by-product.
- the polymerization rate increases and the reaction rate also increases.
- a solution is obtained when the solvent (C) is contained, and a solid substance is obtained when the solvent (C) is not contained.
- washing may be performed by dissolving in an arbitrary solvent, but high conductivity can be obtained without performing a purification step.
- recovered as a solution it may be diluted with an arbitrary solvent, ultrafiltration or the like may be performed to remove residual monomers, and ultrasonic treatment is performed to control the particle size and aggregate structure. You may do.
- the obtained base material may be used as it is, may be processed, or may be used as a dispersion by carrying out a dispersion treatment after adding the solid to a solvent. Good.
- the property of the conductive polymer after volatilizing water varies depending on the degree of miscibility of the solvent (C) with water. If the solvent is miscible with water, it reacts uniformly during the reaction, and a uniform film is formed when all of the solvent is volatilized. On the other hand, when a solvent that is immiscible with water is used, a conductive polymer is produced in the form of particles when the water is volatilized.
- the product can be easily confirmed using the UV spectrum. As the polymerization proceeds, the absorption maximum shifts to the long wavelength side in the wavelength region of about 300 to 800 nm. In addition, when doped with sulfonic acid, absorption at wavelengths from about 1000 nm to longer wavelengths increases.
- the storage temperature of the solution before the polymerization is not particularly limited, but is usually ⁇ 30 to 50 ° C., preferably ⁇ 20 to 40 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 10 to 30 ° C. When the storage temperature of the solution is in this range, the rate at which polymerization proceeds due to the effect of a strong acid during storage can be moderated.
- the atmosphere at the time of storage is not particularly limited, and may be in the air or an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon. Of these, nitrogen and argon are preferred.
- the temperature range when the monomer solution, the dopant, and the catalyst solution are separated and mixed and used during polymerization is not limited to this, and stable storage is possible in a wider temperature range.
- the conductive polymer obtained by the production method of the present invention is a homopolymer or copolymer having a substituent (sulfo group) having a dopant ability and a catalyst ability represented by the general formula (1), and the resulting heavy polymer.
- the structure of the union is too complex to be represented by a general formula (structure). Therefore, if the structure is not specified, the characteristics of the substance whose structure is determined cannot be easily understood, and a plurality of different When the monomers are reacted, the properties of the polymerization composition obtained vary greatly depending on their blending ratio and reaction conditions, so that the polymer cannot be specified by the properties. Therefore, the present invention (claims) is defined by a production method.
- Example 1 Solubility test Benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide was dissolved little by little in 10 g of the solvent, and the amount of dissolution was examined visually. The results are shown in Table 2. 5% by mass or more is “soluble”, 0.5 to 5% by mass is “slightly soluble”, and 0.5% by mass or less is “insoluble”.
- Comparative Example 1 Solubility test 1,3-Dihydroisothianaphthene was dissolved little by little in 10 g of the solvent. Evaluation was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 2 Stability test after dissolution 1.0 g of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide and 0.25 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (pTSA, molar ratio 5/1) Were dissolved in 11.0 g of each solvent (solid content: 10% by mass) under the atmosphere shown in Table 3 and observed visually (immediately), 24 hours later, and 1 week later. The results are shown in Table 3.
- pTSA p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate
- Comparative Example 2 Stability test after dissolution 1.03 g of 1,3-dihydroisothianaphthene and 0.28 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (pTSA, mol ratio 5/1) were added to 11.3 g of each solvent. (Solid content: 10% by mass) Each of the compositions shown in Table 4 was dissolved in the atmosphere, and was observed visually immediately (initially), 24 hours later, and 1 week later. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 3 Polymerization of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide and p-toluenesulfonic acid 1.64 mmol (250 mg) of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide was ionized After dissolving in 9.44 g of exchange water, 1.64 mmol (312 mg) of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate was added to prepare an aqueous solution. Then, a part of the prepared aqueous solution was dropped on a glass plate, and heated and dried at 150 ° C. for 1 hour. The produced solid was black. When the product was added to water and the UV spectrum was measured under conditions at room temperature, absorption was observed on the long wavelength side from about 700 nm to 1300 nm, confirming the formation of polyisothianaphthene.
- Comparative Example 3 Polymerization of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide and sodium p-toluenesulfonate 1.64 mmol (250 mg) of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide It was dissolved in 9.44 g of ion-exchanged water, and 1.64 mmol (315 mg) of sodium p-toluenesulfonate was added to prepare an aqueous solution. Then, a part of the prepared aqueous solution was dropped on a glass plate, and heated and dried at 150 ° C. for 1 hour. The produced solid was white and the progress of polymerization was not confirmed.
- Example 4 Polymerization of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide and p-toluenesulfonic acid (in ethanol) In 11.0 g of ethanol, 6.57 mmol (1.0 g) of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide and 1.31 mmol (0.25 g) of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate were dissolved. A solution having a solid content of 10% by mass was obtained. The prepared solution was relatively stable and remained colorless and transparent even when left in an air at room temperature for one week. A part of the obtained solution was dropped on a glass plate and heated and dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the produced solid was black, and the production of polyisothianaphthene was confirmed from the UV spectrum measured by adding the product to water.
- the solution was dried with TG-DTA (Thermo Plus TG-8120, manufactured by Rigaku Corporation) in a dry air at a heating rate of 5 ° C./min. After heating to 40 ° C., the temperature was maintained at a constant temperature for 2 hours so that ethanol was sufficiently volatilized. The behavior of the reaction was confirmed when the temperature was raised to 250 ° C.
- the obtained TG-DTA curve is shown in FIG.
- Comparative Example 4 Polymerization of 1,3-dihydroisothianaphthene and p-toluenesulfonic acid (Comparison with Example 4)
- a solution having a solid content of 10% by mass was prepared by dissolving 7.34 mmol (1.0 g) of 1,3-dihydroisothianaphthene and 1.47 mmol (0.28 g) of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate in 11.3 g of ethanol. It was.
- the prepared solution was colored yellow immediately after preparation, and a black precipitate was formed after several hours. A part of the obtained solution was dropped on a glass plate and heated and dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the produced solid was black, and the production of polyisothianaphthene was confirmed from the UV spectrum measured by adding the product to water.
- TG-DTA measurement was performed under the same measurement conditions as in Example 4. The obtained TG-DTA curve is shown in FIG.
- Example 5 Polymerization of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide and ⁇ -naphthalenesulfonic acid 3.30 mmol (755 mg) of ⁇ -naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt was dissolved in 18.75 g of water, Cation exchange resin. To 9.75 g of the obtained ⁇ -naphthalenesulfonic acid aqueous solution (1.64 mmol as ⁇ -naphthalenesulfonic acid in aqueous solution), 1.64 mmol (250 mg) of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide was added, An aqueous solution was prepared. Then, it dried at 110 degreeC with the hotplate for 1 hour. The produced film was blue, and the production of polyisothianaphthene was confirmed from the UV spectrum measured by adding the product to water.
- Example 6 Polymerization of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide and polystyrene sulfonic acid 3.29 mmol (500 mg) of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide was ion-exchanged water.
- the aqueous solution was prepared by adding 5.95 g (6.82 mmol as a sulfo group) of a 21% by mass polystyrenesulfonic acid solution dissolved in 14.8 g and adjusted from a sodium salt by ion exchange. Then, a part of the prepared aqueous solution was dropped on a glass plate, and heated and dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour. The produced solid was black, and the production of polyisothianaphthene was confirmed from the UV spectrum measured by adding the product to water.
- Example 7 Preparation of ethylene glycol dispersion of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide and polystyrene sulfonic acid complex Benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide 0.736 mmol (112 mg) was dissolved in ion-exchanged water (3.31 g), and 1.33 g (1.52 mmol as a sulfo group) of a 21% by mass polystyrene sulfonic acid aqueous solution prepared from a sodium salt by ion exchange and 12.6 g of ethylene glycol were added. . The prepared liquid was heated at 105 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain a dark blue liquid. The formation of polyisothianaphthene was confirmed from the UV spectrum measured by adding the obtained liquid to water.
- Example 8 Homopolymerization of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5-sulfonic acid Benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5-sulfonic acid sodium salt 94 .4 mmol (24.0 g) was added and dissolved in 459.6 g of ion-exchanged water, and then passed through a column packed with a cation exchange resin to remove sodium. A part of the obtained aqueous solution was dropped on a glass plate and heated and dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the produced solid was black, and the production of polyisothianaphthene was confirmed from the UV spectrum measured by adding the product to water.
- the product is water soluble and dissolves 1 g or more in 10 mL. Further, a TG-DTA curve measured under the same conditions as in Example 4 is shown in FIG. A clear reaction peak was observed between 120-130 ° C. The conductivity of the produced film was measured and found to be 0.014 S / cm.
- Comparative Example 6 Polymerization of 1,3-dihydroisothianaphthene-5-sulfonic acid 41.9 mmol (10.0 g) of 1,3-dihydroisothianaphthene-5-sulfonic acid sodium salt was added to 80.0 g of ion-exchanged water. After addition and dissolution, sodium was removed by passing through a column packed with a cation exchange resin. A part of the obtained aqueous solution was dropped on a glass plate and heated and dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour. The produced solid was black, and the production of polyisothianaphthene was confirmed from the UV spectrum measured by adding the product to water. A TG-DTA curve measured under the same conditions as in Example 4 is shown in FIG.
- Example 9 Homopolymerization of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5-sulfonic acid (high concentration) Benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5-sulfonic acid sodium salt 94.4 mmol (24.0 g) was added to 78.3 g of ion-exchanged water, dissolved, and then packed with a cation exchange resin. The column was passed through to remove sodium. A part of the obtained aqueous solution was dropped on a glass plate and heated and dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour. The produced solid was black, and the production of polyisothianaphthene was confirmed from the UV spectrum measured by adding the product to water. The product was water-soluble and dissolved in 1 mL or more in 10 mL.
- Example 10 Copolymerization of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5-sulfonic acid and benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide (molar ratio 7: 3) Benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide 38.1 mmol (5.8 g) was dissolved in 94 g of ion-exchanged water to prepare an aqueous benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide solution. did.
- a part of the obtained aqueous solution was dropped on a glass plate and heated and dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the produced solid was black, and the production of polyisothianaphthene was confirmed from the UV spectrum measured by adding the product to water.
- the product was water insoluble.
- the conductivity of the produced film was measured with a conductivity meter manufactured by Mitsubishi Analytech Co., Ltd. using a PSP probe at 25 ° C., and it was 0.97 S / cm.
- Example 11 Copolymerization of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5-sulfonic acid and benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide (molar ratio 5: 5) 10 g of the benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide aqueous solution prepared in Example 10 above (3.82 mmol of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide in aqueous solution) and the above Example 19.5 g of an aqueous solution of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5-sulfonic acid prepared in Step 8 (benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5-sulfonic acid 3.82 mmol) to prepare a solution.
- the molar ratio of the prepared aqueous solution was confirmed by NMR measured in heavy water (D 2 O). A part of the obtained aqueous solution was dropped on a glass plate and heated and dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour. The produced solid was black, and the production of polyisothianaphthene was confirmed from the UV spectrum measured by adding the product to water. The product was water insoluble. The conductivity of the produced film was measured by the same method as in Example 10 and found to be 0.98 S / cm.
- Example 12 Copolymerization of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5-sulfonic acid and benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide (molar ratio 3: 7) 10 g of the benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide aqueous solution prepared in Example 10 above (3.82 mmol of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide in aqueous solution) and the above Example 8.37 g of an aqueous solution of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5-sulfonic acid prepared in Step 8 (benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5-sulfonic acid 1.64 mmol) to prepare a solution.
- the molar ratio of the prepared aqueous solution was confirmed by NMR measured in heavy water (D 2 O). A part of the obtained aqueous solution was dropped on a glass plate and heated and dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour. The produced solid was black, and the production of polyisothianaphthene was confirmed from the UV spectrum measured by adding the product to water. The product was water insoluble. The conductivity of the produced film was measured by the same method as in Example 10 and found to be 0.13 S / cm.
- Example 13 Homopolymerization of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5-sulfonic acid (addition of ethylene glycol) 10 parts by mass of ethylene glycol was added to the solution prepared in Example 8 to prepare a solution (1.0 g of ethylene glycol was added to 10 g of the solution of Example 8). A part of the obtained solution was dropped on a glass plate and heated and dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour. The produced solid was black, and the production of polyisothianaphthene was confirmed from the UV spectrum measured by adding the product to water. The product is water-soluble, and after film formation, it is possible to wash away with water and to prepare an aqueous solution. The conductivity of the produced film was measured by the same method as in Example 10 and found to be 0.35 S / cm.
- Example 14 Copolymerization of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5-sulfonic acid and benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide (molar ratio 7: 3,
- ethylene glycol 10 parts by mass of ethylene glycol was added to the mixture of the two compounds prepared in Example 10 to prepare a solution (1.0 g of ethylene glycol was added to 10 g of the mixture of Example 10).
- a part of the obtained solution was dropped on a glass plate and heated and dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the produced solid was black, and the production of polyisothianaphthene was confirmed from the UV spectrum measured by adding the product to water.
- the product was water insoluble.
- the conductivity of the produced film was measured by the same method as in Example 10 and found to be 0.43 S / cm.
- Example 15 Copolymerization of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5-sulfonic acid and benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide (molar ratio 5: 5, Addition of ethylene glycol) 10 parts by mass of ethylene glycol was added to the mixture of the two compounds prepared in Example 11 to prepare a solution (1.0 g of ethylene glycol was added to 10 g of the mixture of Example 11). A part of the obtained solution was dropped on a glass plate and heated and dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour. The produced solid was black, and the production of polyisothianaphthene was confirmed from the UV spectrum measured by adding the product to water. The product was water insoluble. The electric conductivity of the produced film was measured by the same method as in Example 10 and found to be 2.4 S / cm.
- Example 16 Copolymerization of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5-sulfonic acid and benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide (molar ratio 3: 7, Addition of ethylene glycol) 10 parts by mass of ethylene glycol was added to the mixture of the two compounds prepared in Example 12 to prepare a solution (1.0 g of ethylene glycol was added to 10 g of the mixture of Example 12). A part of the obtained solution was dropped on a glass plate and heated and dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour. The produced solid was black, and the production of polyisothianaphthene was confirmed from the UV spectrum measured by adding the product to water. The product was water insoluble. It was 9.4 S / cm when the electric conductivity of the produced
- Example 17 Preparation of ethylene glycol dispersion of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5-sulfonic acid and benzo [c] thiophene-2-oxide copolymer
- 4.1 g of a mixed solution of the two prepared compounds (molar ratio of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5-sulfonic acid and benzo [c] thiophene-2-oxide is 5/5) was added to and mixed with 6.7 g of ethylene glycol.
- the prepared liquid was heated at 105 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain a dark blue liquid.
- polyisothianaphthene was confirmed from the UV spectrum measured by adding the obtained liquid to water. A part of the produced dispersion was dropped on a glass plate, and heated and dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour. After film formation, the electrical conductivity was measured and found to be 3.0 S / cm.
- Example 18 Preparation of dimethyl sulfoxide dispersion of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5-sulfonic acid and benzo [c] thiophene-2-oxide copolymer
- Example 11 5.1 g of a mixed solution of the two prepared compounds (molar ratio of benzo [c] thiophene-1,3-dihydro-2-oxide-5-sulfonic acid and benzo [c] thiophene-2-oxide is 5/5) was added to and mixed with 8.1 g of dimethyl sulfoxide.
- the prepared liquid was heated at 120 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain a dark blue liquid.
- the formation of polyisothianaphthene was confirmed from the UV spectrum measured by adding the obtained liquid to water.
- the present invention provides a method for facilitating the production process of a conductive polymer, and includes an antistatic agent, a solid electrolyte of a capacitor, a conductive paint, a conductive fiber, an electrochromic element, an electrode material, a thermoelectric conversion material, and a transparent material.
- an antistatic agent e.g., an antistatic agent, a solid electrolyte of a capacitor, a conductive paint, a conductive fiber, an electrochromic element, an electrode material, a thermoelectric conversion material, and a transparent material.
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Abstract
Description
電解重合法を用いる手法においては、電解装置が必要であること、導電性を有する電極表面上にのみ成形可能であるといった制約がある(特許文献8、9)。
また、水以外の溶剤の分散液を作製する際には一度水溶媒中で重合を行い、溶剤を添加、転層する手法がとられている(特許文献10)。
(1)導電性高分子膜を煩雑な重合・精製工程なく単量体液から提供すること、
(2)導電性高分子の溶剤親和性、溶解性等の目的に応じた性能を容易に調節できる導電性高分子前駆体液を提供すること、
(3)導電性高分子を製膜することができる一液型で高濃度の導電性高分子溶液を提供することにある。
また、本発明は、
(4)前記本発明の導電性高分子から非水溶液導電性高分子分散液の容易に製造する方法を提供することをも目的とする。
[1]一般式(1)
で示される化合物(A1)の少なくとも1種を、スルホ基を有する化合物(B)の存在下で重合させることを特徴とするポリイソチアナフテン系導電性重合体の製造方法。
[2]前記化合物(A1)が、式(1)中のkが0である化合物である前項1に記載の導電性重合体の製造方法。
[3]一般式(1)中のR1、R2、R3、R4、R5及びR6が、それぞれ独立して、(1)水素原子、(2)炭素数1~20の直鎖状または分岐状のアルキル基、炭素数1~20の直鎖状または分岐状のアルコキシ基、または炭素数1~20の直鎖状または分岐状のアルキルエステル基、及び(3)ハロゲン原子から選択される1価の置換基である前項1または2に記載の導電性重合体の製造方法。
[4]一般式(2)
で示される化合物(A2)の少なくとも1種を重合させるポリイソチアナフテン系導電性重合体の製造方法。
[5]前記化合物(A2)が、一般式(2)中のkが0である化合物である前項4に記載の導電性重合体の製造方法。
[6]一般式(2)中のR2、R3、R4、R5及びR6が、それぞれ独立して、(1)水素原子、(2)炭素数1~20の直鎖状または分岐状のアルキル基、炭素数1~20の直鎖状または分岐状のアルコキシ基、または炭素数1~20の直鎖状または分岐状のアルキルエステル基、及び(3)ハロゲン原子から選択される1価の置換基である前項4または5に記載の導電性重合体の製造方法。
[7]前項1に記載の一般式(1)で示される化合物(A1)の少なくとも1種と、前項4に記載の一般式(2)で示される化合物(A2)の少なくとも1種の化合物とを共重合させる導電性重合体の製造方法。
[8]前項1に記載の一般式(1)で示される化合物(A1)及び前項4に記載の一般式(2)で示される化合物(A2)と共重合し得る化合物(D)と、前記一般式(1)で示される化合物(A1)の少なくとも1種とをスルホ基を有する化合物(B)の存在下で共重合させるポリイソチアナフテン系導電性重合体の製造方法。
[9]前項1に記載の一般式(1)で示される化合物(A1)及び前項4に記載の一般式(2)で示される化合物(A2)と共重合し得る化合物(D)と、前記一般式(2)で示される化合物(A2)の少なくとも1種を共重合させるポリイソチアナフテン系導電性重合体の製造方法。
[10]前項1に記載の一般式(1)で示される化合物(A1)及び前項4に記載の一般式(2)で示される化合物(A2)と共重合し得る化合物(D)と、前記一般式(1)で示される化合物(A1)の少なくとも1種と、前記一般式(2)で示される化合物(A2)の少なくとも1種とを共重合させるポリイソチアナフテン系導電性重合体の製造方法。
[11]酸化剤を使用せずに重合させる前項1~10のいずれかに記載の導電性重合体の製造方法。
[12]生成する水を除去しながら重合させる前項1~11のいずれかに記載の導電性重合体高分子の製造方法。
[13]水よりも蒸気圧の高い溶媒を含む前項1~12のいずれかに記載の導電性重合体の製造方法。
[14]前項1~13のいずれかに記載の方法で得られるポリイソチアナフテン系導電性重合体。
[15]前項14に記載のポリイソチアナフテン系導電性重合体の分散液。
(1)導電性高分子膜を煩雑な重合・精製工程なく単量体液から調製することができる。
(2)導電性高分子の溶剤親和性、溶解性等の目的に応じた性能を容易に調節できる導電性高分子前駆体液を得ることができる。
(3)導電性高分子を製膜することができる一液型で高濃度の導電性高分子溶液を得ることができる。さらに、(4)本発明による導電性高分子から非水溶液導電性高分子分散液を容易に製造することができる。
本発明の導電性重合体の製造方法は、以下の(i)~(iii)のいずれかの方法である。
方法(i):一般式(1)で示される化合物(A1)の少なくとも1種を、スルホ基を有する化合物(B)存在下で重合させる。
方法(ii):一般式(2)で示される化合物(A2)の少なくとも1種を重合させる。
方法(iii):化合物(A1)の少なくとも1種と化合物(A2)の少なくとも1種とを共重合させる。
一般式(1)で示される化合物(A1)の少なくとも1種を、スルホ基を有する化合物(B)存在下で重合させることで、導電性高分子を得ることができる。
さらに、前記以外の置換基の例として、メチルアミノ、エチルアミノ、ジフェニルアミノ、アニリノ等のアミノ基、トリフルオロメチル、クロロフェニル、アセトアミド等の基が挙げられる。
R5及びR6は水素原子であることがより好ましい。R1、R2、R3、R4は4つのうち少なくとも2つは水素原子であることがより好ましく、少なくとも3つが水素原子であることがさらに好ましく、全て水素原子であることが特に好ましい。
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5及びR6が表すアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルキルエステル基、またはそれらによって形成される環状炭化水素鎖には、カルボニル、エーテル、エステル、アミド、スルフィド、スルフィニル、スルホニル及びイミノから選択される少なくとも1つの結合を含んでもよい。
化合物(A1)は、1種単独でまたは2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
R5A及びR6Aは水素原子であることがより好ましい。R1A、R2A、R3A、R4Aは4つのうち少なくとも2つは水素原子であることがより好ましく、少なくとも3つが水素原子であることがさらに好ましく、全て水素原子であることが特に好ましい。
スルホ基を有する化合物(B)は、化合物(A1)と共存させることで、ドーパント能や触媒能を持つと考えられる。スルホ基を有する化合物(B)としては、分子内に1つ以上のスルホ基を有する化合物であれば特に限定されない。例えば、低分子スルホン酸、分子内に一つ以上のスルホ基を有するスルホン酸ポリマーが挙げられる。スルホン酸塩の化合物は、イオン交換して用いることができる。
スルホ基を有するポリマーの分子量に特に制限はないが、重量平均分子量が1,000,000以下のものが好ましく、より好ましくは500,000であり、さらに好ましくは300,000である。重量平均分子量が1,000,000以下であれば、系への溶解性が良好であるため取扱いが容易である。
これらのスルホ基を有する化合物(B)は1種のみを用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
一般式(2)で示される化合物(A2)の少なくとも1種を重合させることで、導電性高分子が得られる。化合物(A2)はスルホ基を有する化合物(B)が存在しなくとも重合が可能である。化合物(A2)は導電性高分子の構成単位である他、それ自体がスルホ基を有し、ドーパント能や触媒能も併せ持つためであると推測される。なお、方法(ii)においても、前記化合物(A2)の他に前記スルホ基を有する化合物(B)を含んでいてもよい。
化合物(A2)は、一般式(2)で示される化合物である。
置換基R2、R3、R4、R5及びR6として有用な例としては、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、SO2M、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルキルエステル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基等が挙げられる。
さらに、前記以外の置換基の例として、メチルアミノ、エチルアミノ、ジフェニルアミノ、アニリノ等のアミノ基、トリフルオロメチル、クロロフェニル、アセトアミド等の基が挙げられる。
R2、R3、R4、R5及びR6が表す置換基中の炭化水素鎖は互いに任意の位置で結合して、当該置換基が結合している炭素原子と共に、少なくとも1つの3~7員環の飽和、または不飽和炭化水素の環状構造を形成する2価鎖を少なくとも1つ形成してもよい。R2、R3、R4、R5及びR6が表すアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルキルエステル基、またはそれらによって形成される環状炭化水素鎖には、カルボニル、エーテル、エステル、アミド、スルフィド、スルフィニル、スルホニル及びイミノから選択される少なくとも1つの結合を含んでもよい。
R5A及びR6Aは水素原子であることがより好ましい。R2A、R3A、R4Aは3つのうち少なくとも2つは水素原子であることがより好ましく、全て水素原子であることが特に好ましい。
一般式(2)で示される化合物としては、例えば、ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-4-スルホン酸、ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-5-スルホン酸、ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-5,6-ジスルホン酸、ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-4,5-ジスルホン酸、ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-4,6-ジスルホン酸、ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-4,7-ジスルホン酸等が挙げられる。
具体的には、例えば、ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-5-スルホン酸、ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-5,6-ジスルホン酸が挙げられる。
化合物(A2)は、1種単独でまたは2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
前記化合物(A1)の少なくとも1種及び前記化合物(A2)の少なくとも1種を共重合させることで、導電性高分子が得られる。なお、方法(iii)においても、前記スルホ基を有する化合物(B)を含んでいてもよい。また、方法(iii)においても、化合物(A1)の代わりに、一般式(1-2)で示される化合物の少なくとも1種を使用することも可能である。同様に、化合物(A2)の代わりに、一般式(2-2)で示される化合物の少なくとも1種を使用することも可能である。
化合物(A2)の量は、スルホ基換算で前記化合物(A1)100質量部に対して好ましくは1~400モル、より好ましくは5~300モル、さらに好ましくは10~250モルである。化合物(B)の量が、スルホ基換算で前記化合物(A1)100モルに対して1~400モルであれば、反応率、反応速度の面から好ましい。
例えば、化合物(A1)としてベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシドと、化合物(A2)としてベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-5-スルホン酸との共重合を行うと、これら2つは水溶性の程度が異なるため、ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシドの割合が高くなるにつれ、生成する導電性高分子の水溶性が低下し、不溶化する。
また、ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシドの割合が高くなるにつれ、ポリイソチアナフテン骨格中の結晶化領域が大きくなり、電導度が向上する傾向がある。
[溶媒(C)]
本発明による重合において、物質拡散の観点では溶媒を使用することが好ましい。使用される溶媒は用いるモノマーが溶解する溶媒であればよく、特に限定されない。例えば、水、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、トルエン、ブタノール、酢酸、無水酢酸、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、γ-ブチロラクトン、プロピレンカーボネート、スルホラン、N-メチルピロリドン、ジメチルスルホラン、ブタンジオール、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、グリセロール(グリセリン)、ジグリセロール(ジグリセリン)、ポリエチレングリコールなどが挙げられる。
工業的な取扱いの容易さの観点では、水、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、ジメチルホルムアミド、エチレングリコール、ジメチルスルホキシドが好ましく、さらに水、エタノール、イソプロパノール、エチレングリコール、ジメチルスルホキシドがより好ましい。
水よりも高沸点の溶媒としては、沸点が105℃以上のものが好ましい。具体的には、例えば、トルエン(沸点:111℃)、ブタノール(沸点:118℃)、酢酸(沸点:118℃)、無水酢酸(沸点:140℃)、ジメチルホルムアミド(沸点:153℃)、ジメチルスルホキシド(沸点:189℃)、γ-ブチロラクトン(沸点:203℃)、プロピレンカーボネート(沸点:240℃)、スルホラン(沸点:285℃)、N-メチルピロリドン(沸点:202℃)、ジメチルスルホラン(沸点:233℃)、ブタンジオール(沸点:230℃)、エチレングリコール(沸点:198℃)、ジエチレングリコール(沸点:244℃)、グリセロール(グリセリン、沸点:290℃)、ジグリセロール(ジグリセリン、沸点:265℃(15mmHg))、ポリエチレングリコールなどが挙げられる。なお、ポリエチレングリコールは、ポリエチレグリコール400、ポリエチレングリコール600、ポリエチレングリコール1500(ポリエチレングリコールの後の数字は分子量を表す。)などのように常圧下では沸点が存在しないものもあるが、減圧下で揮発するものも含めるものとする。また、沸点を示す際に、圧力を括弧書きで付記していないものは常圧下での沸点である。これらの水よりも高沸点の溶媒のうち、取扱いや乾燥の容易さ、耐酸性という観点から、水と混和し、共沸しないエチレングリコールまたはジメチルスルホキシドが好ましい。
より高沸点の溶媒を溶媒の一部または全部に使用することにより、重合反応で発生する水が揮発する際も物質の拡散が妨げられることなく、反応率が改善すると推測される。
また、後述のようにモノマー溶液とドーパント、触媒溶液を分け、重合時に混合して使用する場合の各溶液の濃度上限値はこの限りではなく、いずれの溶液も0.01~100質量%の間で使用することができる。
また、水よりも高沸点の溶媒は、溶媒(C)全量に対して0.1~99.5質量%が好ましく、より好ましくは1~80質量%であり、さらに好ましくは5~70質量%である。反応系における溶媒(C)の割合が0.1~99.5質量%であれば、生産性良く反応が可能である。
これらの溶媒は1種単独でまたは2種以上を組み合わせてもよい。
本発明においては、化合物(A1)及び(A2)と共重合し得る化合物(D)を共重合させることができる。方法(i)においてはスルホ基を有する化合物(B)存在下で化合物(A1)と化合物(D)を共重合できる。方法(ii)においては化合物(A2)と化合物(D)を共重合できる。方法(iii)においては化合物(A1)と(A2)と化合物(D)を共重合できる。
本発明による効果を阻害しない範囲内で、反応時にその他の機能を有する添加剤を混合してもよい。例えば、導電性高分子に塗工性や含浸性、浸透性等の機能性を付与するため、界面活性剤、増粘剤、チクソ剤、レオロジーコントロール剤等を添加してもよい。製膜時の結着性や耐熱性を向上させるため、結着剤等を添加してもよい。製膜した際の応力を緩和する性能を有する成分を使用してもよい。
これら添加剤は置換基を有していてもよい。例えば、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリ(N-ビニルアセトアミド)、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリアクリル酸などが挙げられる。添加剤は1種単独でまたは2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
導電性高分子の重合反応を起こさせるために、通常、触媒として酸化剤が用いられる。酸化剤としては、例えば、塩化第二鉄、硫酸第二鉄、硝酸第二鉄、エチレンジアミン四酢酸鉄、塩化第二銅、塩化第一銅、エチレンジアミン四酢酸銅、塩化アルミニウム、ヨウ素、臭素、2,3-ジクロロ-5,6-ジシアノ-1,4-ベンゾキノン、テトラクロロ-1,2-ベンゾキノン、テトラクロロ-1,4-ベンゾキノン、テトラシアノ-1,4-ベンゾキノン、硫酸、発煙硫酸、三酸化硫黄、クロロ硫酸、フルオロ硫酸、アミド硫酸、過硫酸、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸ナトリウム、過酸化水素、及びこれら複数の酸化剤の組み合わせが挙げられる。
本発明では、これら酸化剤触媒を用いずに重合を行うことができる。すなわち、本発明では触媒能を有するスルホ基を有する化合物(B)の存在下で重合を行うか、あるいは触媒能を有する置換基(スルホ基)を有する化合物を重合させるので、酸化剤を用いた場合に必要な反応後の精製工程を省略することができる。
本発明の導電性高分子の製造方法は、前記方法(i)~(iii)の少なくともいずれかの方法である。また、これら方法の条件を適宜組み合わせて重合を行うことも可能である。
方法に応じて前記化合物(A1)、前記化合物(A2)、前記スルホ基を有する化合物(B)から選択された化合物、並びに任意成分である溶媒(C)、化合物(A1)及び(A2)と共重合し得る化合物(D)、及び添加剤の、反応系への添加の順序及び態様に特に制限はない。例えば、反応容器に各化合物を添加して混合する方法の他、基材に各化合物を順番に浸漬または塗布することによっても重合は可能である。
反応時間に特に制限はなく、化合物の化学構造や反応温度、反応圧力などによって異なるため一概には規定できないが、0.01~240時間が好ましく、より好ましくは0.1~72時間であり、さらに好ましくは0.1~24時間である。
反応時のpHは1~7が好ましく、より好ましくは1~5であり、さらに好ましくは1~3である。pHが1以上であれば基材等への負荷が少なく、pHが7以下であれば反応率及び反応速度が適切である。
また、溶媒(C)を含む場合、溶媒(C)の水との混和の程度により、水を揮発させた後の導電性高分子の性状は変化する。水と混和する溶媒であれば反応時に均一に反応し、溶媒を全て揮発させた際に均一な膜が生成する。一方、水と非混和となる溶媒を用いた際には水を揮発させた時点で導電性高分子が粒子状に生成する。
上記重合前の溶液の保管温度は特に限定はしないが、通常、-30~50℃であり、好ましくは-20~40℃であり、より好ましくは-10~30℃である。溶液の保管温度をこの範囲にすると、保管中に強酸の効果によって重合が進行する速度を和らげることができる。保管時の雰囲気は特に限定はなく、大気下でもよく、窒素、アルゴン等の不活性雰囲気でも良い。これらの中で、窒素、アルゴンが好ましい。
また、モノマー溶液とドーパント、触媒溶液を分け、重合時に混合して使用する場合の温度範囲はこの限りではなく、より広い温度範囲で安定的な保管が可能である。
本発明の製造方法で得られる導電性重合体は、一般式(1)で示されるドーパント能と触媒能を有する置換基(スルホ基)を有する単独重合体あるいは共重合体であり、得られる重合体の構造は複雑になりすぎて一般式(構造)で示すことができないのが現状であり、したがって構造が特定されなければ、構造出決まる物質の特性も容易にはわからないこと、また異なる複数のモノマーを反応させる場合はそれらの配合比、反応条件により得られる重合組成物の特性が大きく変化することから特性で重合体を特定することもできない。そこで本発明(請求項)導電性重合体を製造方法にて規定した。
溶媒10gにベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシドを少しずつ溶解させ、目視で溶解量を調べた。5質量%以上を「可溶」、0.5~5質量%を「微溶」、0.5質量%以下を「不溶」とし、結果を表2に示す。
溶媒10gに1,3-ジヒドロイソチアナフテンを少しずつ溶解させた。実施例1と同様に評価し、結果を表2に示す。
ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド1.0g及びp-トルエンスルホン酸一水和物0.25g(pTSA、mol比5/1)を各溶媒11.0g(固形分10質量%)に表3に示される組成で大気下でそれぞれ溶解させ、直後(初期)、24時間後、1週間後に目視で観察を行った。結果を表3に示す。
1,3-ジヒドロイソチアナフテン1.0g、及びp-トルエンスルホン酸一水和物0.28g(pTSA、mol比5/1)を各溶媒11.3g(固形分10質量%)に表4に示される組成で大気下でそれぞれ溶解させ、直後(初期)、24時間後、1週間後に目視で観察を行った。結果を表4に示す。
実施例3:ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシドとp-トルエンスルホン酸の重合
ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド1.64mmol(250mg)をイオン交換水9.44gに溶解させ、p-トルエンスルホン酸一水和物1.64mmol(312mg)を加え、水溶液を調整した。その後、調整した水溶液の一部をガラスプレート上に滴下し、150℃において1時間加熱・乾燥を実施した。生成した固体は黒色であった。生成物を水に添加し、室温の条件でUVスペクトルを測定したところ、700nm付近から1300nmの長波長側に吸収が見られたことからポリイソチアナフテンの生成を確認した。
ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド1.64mmol(250mg)をイオン交換水9.44gに溶解させ、p-トルエンスルホン酸ナトリウム1.64mmol(315mg)を加え、水溶液を調整した。その後、調整した水溶液の一部をガラスプレート上に滴下し、150℃において1時間加熱・乾燥を実施した。生成した固体は白色であり、重合の進行が確認されなかった。
エタノール11.0gにベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド6.57mmol(1.0g)、p-トルエンスルホン酸一水和物1.31mmol(0.25g)を溶解させ、固形分10質量%の溶液とした。
調製した溶液は比較的安定であり、一週間、室温大気下に放置しても無色透明のままであった。
得られた溶液の一部をガラスプレート上に滴下し、120℃において1時間加熱・乾燥を実施した。生成した固体は黒色であり、生成物を水に添加して測定したUVスペクトルからポリイソチアナフテンの生成を確認した。
また、溶液をTG-DTA(Thermo Plus TG-8120、株式会社リガク製)で乾燥空気中、昇温速度5℃/min.において40℃まで加熱後、エタノールが十分揮発するよう、2時間一定温度を保ち、再度、昇温速度5℃/min.にて250℃まで昇温した際に反応の挙動を確認した。
得られたTG-DTA曲線を図1に示す。
エタノール11.3gに1,3-ジヒドロイソチアナフテン7.34mmol(1.0g)、p-トルエンスルホン酸一水和物1.47mmol(0.28g)を溶解させ、固形分10質量%の溶液とした。
調製した溶液は調整後直ちに黄色に着色し、数時間後には黒色の沈殿が生成した。得られた溶液の一部をガラスプレート上に滴下し、120℃において1時間加熱・乾燥を実施した。生成した固体は黒色であり、生成物を水に添加して測定したUVスペクトルからポリイソチアナフテンの生成を確認した。
実施例4と同様の測定条件でTG-DTA測定を実施した。得られたTG-DTA曲線を図2に示す。
β-ナフタレンスルホン酸ナトリウム塩3.30mmol(755mg)を18.75gの水に溶解させ、陽イオン交換樹脂した。得られたβ-ナフタレンスルホン酸水溶液9.75g(水溶液中β-ナフタレンスルホン酸として1.64mmol)にベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド1.64mmol(250mg)を加え、水溶液を調整した。その後、ホットプレートで110℃、1時間乾燥した。生成した膜は青色であり、生成物を水に添加して測定したUVスペクトルからポリイソチアナフテンの生成を確認した。
ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド3.29mmol(500mg)をイオン交換水14.8gに溶解させ、イオン交換によりナトリウム塩から調整した21質量%ポリスチレンスルホン酸水溶液を5.95g(スルホ基として6.82mmol)添加し、水溶液を調整した。その後、調整した水溶液の一部をガラスプレート上に滴下し、120℃において1時間加熱・乾燥を実施した。生成した固体は黒色であり、生成物を水に添加して測定したUVスペクトルからポリイソチアナフテンの生成を確認した。
ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド0.736mmol(112mg)をイオン交換水3.31gに溶解させ、イオン交換によりナトリウム塩から調整した21質量%ポリスチレンスルホン酸水溶液を1.33g(スルホ基として1.52mmol)、エチレングリコール12.6gを添加した。調製した液を105℃、4時間加熱することにより、濃青色の液が得られた。得られた液を水に添加して測定したUVスペクトルからポリイソチアナフテンの生成を確認した。
実施例8:ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-5-スルホン酸の単独重合
ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-5-スルホン酸ナトリウム塩94.4mmol(24.0g)をイオン交換水459.6gに添加、溶解後、陽イオン交換樹脂を詰めたカラムに通し、ナトリウムを除去した。得られた水溶液の一部をガラスプレート上に滴下し、120℃において1時間加熱・乾燥を実施した。生成した固体は黒色であり、生成物を水に添加して測定したUVスペクトルからポリイソチアナフテンの生成を確認した。生成物は水溶性であり、10mLに1g以上溶解する。
また、実施例4と同様の条件で測定したTG-DTA曲線を図3に示す。120~130℃の間に明確な反応ピークが観測された。
生成した膜の電導度を測定したところ0.014S/cmであった。
ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-5-スルホン酸ナトリウム塩94.4mmol(24.0g)をイオン交換水459.6gに添加、溶解した。得られた溶液を120℃で1時間乾燥後、白色の固体が得られた。
1,3-ジヒドロイソチアナフテン-5-スルホン酸ナトリウム塩41.9mmol(10.0g)をイオン交換水80.0gに添加、溶解後、陽イオン交換樹脂を詰めたカラムに通し、ナトリウムを除去した。得られた水溶液の一部をガラスプレート上に滴下し、120℃において1時間加熱・乾燥を実施した。生成した固体は黒色であり、生成物を水に添加して測定したUVスペクトルからポリイソチアナフテンの生成を確認した。
また、実施例4と同様の条件で測定したTG-DTA曲線を図4に示す。
ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-5-スルホン酸ナトリウム塩94.4mmol(24.0g)をイオン交換水78.3gに添加、溶解後、陽イオン交換樹脂を詰めたカラムに通し、ナトリウムを除去した。得られた水溶液の一部をガラスプレート上に滴下し、120℃において1時間加熱・乾燥を実施した。生成した固体は黒色であり、生成物を水に添加して測定したUVスペクトルからポリイソチアナフテンの生成を確認した。生成物は水溶性であり、10mLに1g以上溶解した。
実施例10:ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-5-スルホン酸とベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシドの共重合(モル比7:3)
ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド38.1mmol(5.8g)をイオン交換水94gに溶解させ、ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド水溶液を調整した。ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド水溶液10g(水溶液中ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド3.82mmol)と上記実施例8で作製したベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-5-スルホン酸の水溶液45.5g(ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-5-スルホン酸8.91mmol)と混合し、溶液を準備した。作製した水溶液のモル比は重水中(D2O)で測定したNMRで確認した。得られた水溶液の一部をガラスプレート上に滴下し、120℃において1時間加熱・乾燥を実施した。生成した固体は黒色であり、生成物を水に添加して測定したUVスペクトルからポリイソチアナフテンの生成を確認した。生成物は非水溶性であった。
生成した膜の電導度を株式会社三菱アナリテック製電導度計でPSPプローブを用いて25℃の条件で測定したところ0.97S/cmであった。
上記実施例10で作製したベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド水溶液10g(水溶液中ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド3.82mmol)と上記実施例8で作製したベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-5-スルホン酸の水溶液19.5g(ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-5-スルホン酸3.82mmol)と混合し、溶液を準備した。作製した水溶液のモル比は重水中(D2O)で測定したNMRで確認した。得られた水溶液の一部をガラスプレート上に滴下し、120℃において1時間加熱・乾燥を実施した。生成した固体は黒色であり、生成物を水に添加して測定したUVスペクトルからポリイソチアナフテンの生成を確認した。生成物は非水溶性であった。
生成した膜の電導度を実施例10と同様の方法で測定したところ0.98S/cmであった。
上記実施例10で作製したベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド水溶液10g(水溶液中ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド3.82mmol)と上記実施例8で作製したベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-5-スルホン酸の水溶液8.37g(ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-5-スルホン酸1.64mmol)と混合し、溶液を準備した。作製した水溶液のモル比は重水中(D2O)で測定したNMRで確認した。得られた水溶液の一部をガラスプレート上に滴下し、120℃において1時間加熱・乾燥を実施した。生成した固体は黒色であり、生成物を水に添加して測定したUVスペクトルからポリイソチアナフテンの生成を確認した。生成物は非水溶性であった。
生成した膜の電導度を実施例10と同様の方法で測定したところ0.13S/cmであった。
上記実施例8で調製した溶液に10質量部エチレングリコールを添加し、溶液を調整した(実施例8の溶液10gにエチレングリコール1.0g添加)。得られた溶液の一部をガラスプレート上に滴下し、120℃において1時間加熱・乾燥を実施した。生成した固体は黒色であり、生成物を水に添加して測定したUVスペクトルからポリイソチアナフテンの生成を確認した。生成物は水溶性であり、製膜後、水で洗い流すこと、水溶液を調整することが可能である。
生成した膜の電導度を実施例10と同様の方法で測定したところ0.35S/cmであった。
上記実施例10で調製した2つの化合物の混合液に10質量部エチレングリコールを添加し、溶液を調整した(実施例10の混合液10gにエチレングリコール1.0g添加)。得られた溶液の一部をガラスプレート上に滴下し、120℃において1時間加熱・乾燥を実施した。生成した固体は黒色であり、生成物を水に添加して測定したUVスペクトルからポリイソチアナフテンの生成を確認した。生成物は非水溶性であった。
生成した膜の電導度を実施例10と同様の方法で測定したところ0.43S/cmであった。
上記実施例11で調製した2つの化合物の混合液に10質量部エチレングリコールを添加し、溶液を調整した(実施例11の混合液10gにエチレングリコール1.0g添加)。得られた溶液の一部をガラスプレート上に滴下し、120℃において1時間加熱・乾燥を実施した。生成した固体は黒色であり、生成物を水に添加して測定したUVスペクトルからポリイソチアナフテンの生成を確認した。生成物は非水溶性であった。
生成した膜の電導度を実施例10と同様の方法で測定したところ2.4S/cmであった。
上記実施例12で調製した2つの化合物の混合液に10質量部エチレングリコールを添加し、溶液を調整した(実施例12の混合液10gにエチレングリコール1.0g添加)。得られた溶液の一部をガラスプレート上に滴下し、120℃において1時間加熱・乾燥を実施した。生成した固体は黒色であり、生成物を水に添加して測定したUVスペクトルからポリイソチアナフテンの生成を確認した。生成物は非水溶性であった。
生成した膜の電導度を実施例10と同様の方法で測定したところ9.4S/cmであった。
上記実施例11にて調整した2つの化合物の混合溶液4.1g(ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-5-スルホン酸とベンゾ[c]チオフェン-2-オキシドのモル比は5/5)をエチレングリコール6.7gに添加、混合した。調製した液を105℃、4時間加熱することにより、濃青色の液が得られた。得られた液を水に添加して測定したUVスペクトルからポリイソチアナフテンの生成を確認した。
生成した分散液の一部をガラスプレート上に滴下し、120℃において1時間加熱・乾燥を実施した。製膜後、電導度を測定したところ3.0S/cmであった。
上記実施例11にて調整した2つの化合物の混合溶液5.1g(ベンゾ[c]チオフェン-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-オキシド-5-スルホン酸とベンゾ[c]チオフェン-2-オキシドのモル比は5/5)をジメチルスルホキシド8.1gに添加、混合した。調製した液を120℃、6時間加熱することにより、濃青色の液が得られた。得られた液を水に添加して測定したUVスペクトルからポリイソチアナフテンの生成を確認した。
また、実施例3~18により、方法(i)~(iii)において各種導電性高分子を製造することが可能であることが示された。
Claims (15)
- 一般式(1)
で示される化合物(A1)の少なくとも1種を、スルホ基を有する化合物(B)の存在下で重合させることを特徴とするポリイソチアナフテン系導電性重合体の製造方法。 - 前記化合物(A1)が、式(1)中のkが0である化合物である請求項1に記載の導電性重合体の製造方法。
- 一般式(1)中のR1、R2、R3、R4、R5及びR6が、それぞれ独立して、(1)水素原子、(2)炭素数1~20の直鎖状または分岐状のアルキル基、炭素数1~20の直鎖状または分岐状のアルコキシ基、または炭素数1~20の直鎖状または分岐状のアルキルエステル基、及び(3)ハロゲン原子から選択される1価の置換基である請求項1または2に記載の導電性重合体の製造方法。
- 一般式(2)
で示される化合物(A2)の少なくとも1種を重合させるポリイソチアナフテン系導電性重合体の製造方法。 - 前記化合物(A2)が、一般式(2)中のkが0である化合物である請求項4に記載の導電性重合体の製造方法。
- 一般式(2)中のR2、R3、R4、R5及びR6が、それぞれ独立して、(1)水素原子、(2)炭素数1~20の直鎖状または分岐状のアルキル基、炭素数1~20の直鎖状または分岐状のアルコキシ基、または炭素数1~20の直鎖状または分岐状のアルキルエステル基、及び(3)ハロゲン原子から選択される1価の置換基である請求項4または5に記載の導電性重合体の製造方法。
- 請求項1に記載の一般式(1)で示される化合物(A1)の少なくとも1種と、請求項4に記載の一般式(2)で示される化合物(A2)の少なくとも1種の化合物とを共重合させる導電性重合体の製造方法。
- 請求項1に記載の一般式(1)で示される化合物(A1)及び請求項4に記載の一般式(2)で示される化合物(A2)と共重合し得る化合物(D)と、前記一般式(1)で示される化合物(A1)の少なくとも1種とをスルホ基を有する化合物(B)の存在下で共重合させるポリイソチアナフテン系導電性重合体の製造方法。
- 請求項1に記載の一般式(1)で示される化合物(A1)及び請求項4に記載の一般式(2)で示される化合物(A2)と共重合し得る化合物(D)と、前記一般式(2)で示される化合物(A2)の少なくとも1種を共重合させるポリイソチアナフテン系導電性重合体の製造方法。
- 請求項1に記載の一般式(1)で示される化合物(A1)及び請求項4に記載の一般式(2)で示される化合物(A2)と共重合し得る化合物(D)と、前記一般式(1)で示される化合物(A1)の少なくとも1種と、前記一般式(2)で示される化合物(A2)の少なくとも1種とを共重合させるポリイソチアナフテン系導電性重合体の製造方法。
- 酸化剤を使用せずに重合させる請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の導電性重合体の製造方法。
- 生成する水を除去しながら重合させる請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の導電性重合体高分子の製造方法。
- 水よりも蒸気圧の高い溶媒を含む請求項1~12のいずれかに記載の導電性重合体の製造方法。
- 請求項1~13のいずれかに記載の方法で得られるポリイソチアナフテン系導電性重合体。
- 請求項14に記載のポリイソチアナフテン系導電性重合体の分散液。
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EP3564290A4 (en) | 2020-09-09 |
CN114920911B (zh) | 2024-05-03 |
US20190345287A1 (en) | 2019-11-14 |
CN110121516B (zh) | 2022-07-01 |
CN110121516A (zh) | 2019-08-13 |
EP3564290A1 (en) | 2019-11-06 |
US11136432B2 (en) | 2021-10-05 |
JP7019602B2 (ja) | 2022-02-15 |
CN114920911A (zh) | 2022-08-19 |
KR102214676B1 (ko) | 2021-02-10 |
KR20190084124A (ko) | 2019-07-15 |
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