WO2016056289A1 - 積層体、積層体を含む非水電解液二次電池用セパレータ、および非水電解液二次電池 - Google Patents
積層体、積層体を含む非水電解液二次電池用セパレータ、および非水電解液二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016056289A1 WO2016056289A1 PCT/JP2015/070731 JP2015070731W WO2016056289A1 WO 2016056289 A1 WO2016056289 A1 WO 2016056289A1 JP 2015070731 W JP2015070731 W JP 2015070731W WO 2016056289 A1 WO2016056289 A1 WO 2016056289A1
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- electrolyte secondary
- secondary battery
- aqueous electrolyte
- porous film
- laminate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/32—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed at least two layers being foamed and next to each other
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/42—Acrylic resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/423—Polyamide resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/426—Fluorocarbon polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/429—Natural polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/457—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/02—Organic
- B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
- B32B2266/025—Polyolefin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/10—Batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminate, a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including the laminate, and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries represented by lithium ion secondary batteries have high energy density. Therefore, non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries are currently widely used as batteries used in devices such as personal computers, mobile phones, and portable information terminals.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery when an internal short circuit or an external short circuit occurs due to damage to the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery or to a device using the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. A large current may flow and the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery may generate heat. For this reason, while maintaining various performances such as rate characteristics and resistance characteristics (liquid resistance) of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, it is high by preventing an internal short circuit due to breakage of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Ensuring safety is required for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries.
- an inorganic compound composed of flaky particles is dispersed in a separator, and the inorganic compound is separated from the surface of the separator.
- Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery oriented to be substantially parallel Patent Document 1
- Patent Document 2 Nonaqueous in which an inorganic particle layer containing spherical inorganic particles and amorphous inorganic particles is laminated on the electrode surface
- Patent Document 2 Nonaqueous in which an inorganic particle layer containing spherical inorganic particles and amorphous inorganic particles is laminated on the electrode surface
- Patent Document 3 a first insulating inorganic filler made of metal hydroxide and / or metal oxide hydrate, and a thermal conductivity of 10 W / m ⁇ K or more
- Patent Document 3 A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (Patent Document 3) in which a porous layer containing a second insulating inorganic filler is laminated on a porous film has been proposed.
- Japanese Published Patent Publication “Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-311367” published November 29, 2007) Japanese Patent Gazette “Patent No. 5219621” (registered on March 15, 2013) Japanese Patent Publication “JP 2013-149434” (released on August 1, 2013) Japanese Published Patent Publication “JP 2008-270090” (published Nov. 6, 2008) Japanese Published Patent Publication “Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-250954” (published on November 4, 2010) Japanese Patent Publication “JP 2009-158266” (released on July 16, 2009)
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is required to maintain various performances such as rate characteristics and resistance characteristics so that it can be used repeatedly.
- each of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 can prevent an internal short circuit due to damage or the like of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, but the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery However, it is not sufficient to maintain the various performances (this is in conflict with the improvement in safety). That is, none of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 is sufficient to maintain various performances.
- Patent Documents 4 and 5 evaluate the safety of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery after the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is assembled. Therefore, the safety of the separator before assembly cannot be evaluated.
- the evaluation method of patent document 6 can evaluate durability of an insulating layer by measuring data until a separator fully conducts, it evaluates safety concerning prevention of an internal short circuit of a separator. Can not do it. Therefore, even if any of the evaluation methods described in Patent Documents 4 to 6 is adopted, a laminated body and a laminated body in which high safety is ensured while maintaining various performances of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. A separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can not be provided.
- the present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and its main object is to maintain various performances such as rate characteristics and resistance characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and then to the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including the laminate, and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that can ensure high safety by preventing an internal short circuit due to damage of the battery, etc. is there.
- a laminated body in which a porous layer containing fine particles is laminated on at least one surface of a porous film mainly composed of polyolefin, which is defined by JIS A55508.
- Difference between the test force at the time of conduction of the laminate and the test force at the time of dielectric breakdown in the nail penetration continuity test measured under the condition that the nail descending speed is 50 ⁇ m / min.
- the dielectric strength test strength is 5N or more and 50N or less
- the laminate maintains various performances such as rate characteristics and resistance characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and non-aqueous electrolysis. It has been found that high safety can be ensured by preventing an internal short circuit due to breakage of the liquid secondary battery, and the present invention has been completed.
- a laminate according to the present invention is a laminate in which a porous layer containing fine particles is laminated on at least one surface of a porous film containing polyolefin as a main component.
- the difference between the test force at the time of conduction of the laminated body and the test force at the time of dielectric breakdown in the nail penetration test measured at a nail descent rate of 50 ⁇ m / min using an N50 nail specified in 5508 (during conduction) Test force—test force at dielectric breakdown) is 5N or more and 50N or less.
- the volume (per side) of the porous layer constituting component contained per square meter of the porous layer is more preferably 0.5 to 20 cm 3 .
- the thickness of the porous layer (per side) is 0.5 to 15 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the porous film is 5 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the porosity of the porous film is more preferably 30 to 60% by volume.
- the fine particles are more preferably inorganic fine particles.
- the porous layer further contains a binder resin, and the fine particles are in point contact with the binder resin.
- the fine particles have a cleavage property.
- the laminate preferably has a basis weight per unit area of the porous film of 4 to 20 g / m 2 . Further, the laminate preferably has a basis weight per unit area (per side) of the porous layer of 1 to 20 g / m 2 .
- the separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention are characterized by including the laminate.
- the separator according to the present invention and a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including the laminate, while maintaining various performances such as rate characteristics and resistance characteristics (liquid resistance) of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, By preventing internal short circuit due to breakage of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery etc. (the occurrence of internal short circuit is in conflict with maintaining various performances), there is an effect that high safety can be ensured. .
- a to B means “A or more and B or less”.
- the laminate according to the present invention is a laminate in which a porous layer containing fine particles is laminated on at least one surface of a porous film mainly composed of polyolefin, and is an N50 nail defined by JIS A 5508. Difference between the test force at the time of conduction of the laminate and the test force at the time of dielectric breakdown in the nail penetration continuity test measured at a nail descending speed of 50 ⁇ m / min. Test force) is 5N or more and 50N or less.
- the porous film in the present invention is a base material for a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and contains polyolefin as a main component.
- the porous film has a large number of pores connected to each other in the inside thereof, thereby allowing gas or liquid to pass from one surface of the porous film to the other surface. It has become.
- the proportion of polyolefin in the porous film is 50% by volume or more of the entire porous film, more preferably 90% by volume or more, and still more preferably 95% by volume or more.
- the polyolefin preferably contains a high molecular weight component having a weight average molecular weight of 5 ⁇ 10 5 to 15 ⁇ 10 6 .
- the polyolefin contains a high molecular weight component having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000,000 or more. This is because the strength of the porous film is improved and thereby the strength of the laminate including the porous film is also improved.
- polystyrene resin examples include a homopolymer obtained by polymerizing monomers such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, and 1-hexene (for example, For example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene) or a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing the above monomers (for example, ethylene-propylene copolymer) can be mentioned.
- a homopolymer obtained by polymerizing monomers such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, and 1-hexene
- polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene polyethylene
- copolymer obtained by copolymerizing the above monomers for example, ethylene-propylene copolymer
- polyethylene examples include low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, linear polyethylene (ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer), and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight of 1 million or more.
- ultra high molecular weight polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000,000 or more is more preferable.
- the film thickness of the porous film may be appropriately determined in consideration of the film thickness of the laminate.
- a porous film as a base material and laminating a porous layer on one or both sides of the porous film to form a laminate, it is preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 20 ⁇ m. preferable.
- the thickness of the porous film is less than 5 ⁇ m, when the laminate is used as a separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, an internal short circuit due to damage of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is sufficiently prevented. I can't. In addition, the amount of electrolytic solution retained in the porous film is reduced. On the other hand, when the film thickness of the porous film exceeds 30 ⁇ m, when the laminate is used as a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the lithium ion permeation resistance in the entire separator increases.
- the positive electrode of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery deteriorates, and as a result, the rate characteristics and the cycle characteristics deteriorate.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is increased in size.
- the fabric weight per unit area of a porous film suitably in consideration of the intensity
- the weight per unit area is usually preferably 4 to 20 g / m 2 and more preferably 5 to 12 g / m 2 .
- the air permeability of the porous film is preferably a Gurley value of 30 to 500 ⁇ sec / 100 mL, and more preferably 50 to 300 ⁇ sec / 100 mL.
- a Gurley value of 30 to 500 ⁇ sec / 100 mL, and more preferably 50 to 300 ⁇ sec / 100 mL.
- the porosity of the porous film is preferably 30 to 60% by volume, more preferably 35 to 55% by volume.
- the porosity of the porous film When the porosity of the porous film is less than 30% by volume, the resistance of the porous film increases. Moreover, when the porosity of a porous film exceeds 60 volume%, the mechanical strength of the said porous film will fall.
- the pore diameter of the pores of the porous film is preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the method for producing the porous film is not particularly limited.
- Examples of the production method include a method of adding a plasticizer to a resin such as polyolefin to form a film, and then removing the plasticizer with an appropriate solvent.
- a polyolefin resin composition prepared by kneading 100 parts by weight of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, 5 to 200 parts by weight of a low molecular weight polyolefin having a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 or less, and 100 to 400 parts by weight of an inorganic filler such as calcium carbonate.
- the commercial item which has the physical property mentioned above can also be used for a porous film.
- the porous film is subjected to a hydrophilic treatment before forming a porous layer, that is, before coating a coating liquid described later.
- a hydrophilic treatment is effective when the proportion of water in the solvent (dispersion medium) contained in the coating liquid is high.
- Specific examples of the hydrophilic treatment include known treatments such as chemical treatment with acid, alkali, etc., corona treatment, and plasma treatment. Among these, corona treatment is more preferable. This is because, among the hydrophilization treatments, the porous film can be hydrophilized in a relatively short time, and the hydrophilization is limited to the vicinity of the surface of the porous film, and the inside of the porous film is not altered. It is.
- the porous film may contain another porous layer in addition to the porous layer according to the present invention, if necessary.
- the other porous layer include known porous layers such as a heat-resistant layer, an adhesive layer, and a protective layer.
- Specific examples of the porous layer include a porous layer having the same composition as the porous layer according to the present invention described later.
- the porous layer according to the present invention is a resin layer containing fine particles and usually containing a resin.
- the porous layer according to the present invention is preferably a heat-resistant layer or an adhesive layer laminated on one side or both sides of the porous film.
- the resin constituting the porous layer is preferably insoluble in the electrolyte of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and electrochemically stable in the usage range of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the porous layer is preferably the surface of the porous film when the porous film is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is laminated on the surface facing the positive electrode, and more preferably on the surface in contact with the positive electrode.
- the resin constituting the porous layer examples include polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, and ethylene-propylene copolymers; fluorine-containing resins such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polytetrafluoroethylene; vinylidene fluoride -Fluorine-containing rubber such as hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer and ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer; aromatic polyamide; wholly aromatic polyamide (aramid resin); styrene-butadiene copolymer and its hydride, Rubbers such as methacrylic acid ester copolymer, acrylonitrile-acrylic acid ester copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid ester copolymer, ethylene propylene rubber, and polyvinyl acetate; polyphenylene ether, polysulfone, Resins having a melting point
- polyethersulfone polyphenylene sulfide
- polyetherimide polyamideimide
- polyetheramide and polyester
- polyvinyl alcohol polyethylene glycol
- cellulose ether sodium alginate
- polyacrylic acid Water-soluble polymers such as polyacrylamide and polymethacrylic acid; and the like.
- aromatic polyamide examples include poly (paraphenylene terephthalamide), poly (metaphenylene isophthalamide), poly (parabenzamide), poly (metabenzamide), and poly (4,4 ′).
- -Benzanilide terephthalamide poly (paraphenylene-4,4'-biphenylenedicarboxylic acid amide), poly (metaphenylene-4,4'-biphenylenedicarboxylic acid amide), poly (paraphenylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid) Acid amide), poly (metaphenylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid amide), poly (2-chloroparaphenylene terephthalamide), paraphenylene terephthalamide / 2,6-dichloroparaphenylene terephthalamide copolymer, metaphenylene Terephthalamide / , 6-dichloro-para-phenylene terephthalamide copolymer and the like.
- polyolefins polyolefins, fluorine-containing resins, aromatic polyamides, and water-soluble polymers are more preferable.
- a fluorine-containing resin is especially preferable.
- water-soluble polymer can use water as a solvent when forming a porous layer, it is more preferable from the viewpoint of process and environmental load, cellulose ether and sodium alginate are more preferable, and cellulose ether is particularly preferable.
- the cellulose ether examples include carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, cyanethyl cellulose, and oxyethyl cellulose.
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- HEC hydroxyethyl cellulose
- carboxyethyl cellulose methyl cellulose
- ethyl cellulose cyanethyl cellulose
- oxyethyl cellulose examples include carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, cyanethyl cellulose, and oxyethyl cellulose.
- CMC and HEC are more preferable, and CMC is particularly preferable. This is because these cellulose ethers have little deterioration in use over a long period of time and are excellent in chemical stability.
- the porous layer contains fine particles.
- the fine particles in the present specification are organic fine particles or inorganic fine particles generally called a filler. Therefore, the resin has a function as a binder resin that binds the fine particles to each other and the fine particles and the porous film.
- organic fine particles contained in the porous layer in the present invention include monomers such as styrene, vinyl ketone, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl acrylate, and methyl acrylate.
- Fluorine-containing resin such as polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-6-fluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride; melamine Resin; urea resin; polyethylene; polypropylene; polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid;
- the inorganic fine particles contained in the porous layer in the present invention include diamond, graphite, layered silicates such as mica (mica), talc (talc), and montmorillonite; dichalcogenides such as titanium disulfide; Boehmite; dihydric metal hydroxide such as magnesium hydroxide; layered double hydroxide such as hydrotalcite; layered titanate; layered phosphate such as hydroxyapatite (basic calcium phosphate); clay, silica, diatomaceous earth, carbonic acid Examples include magnesium, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, alumina (aluminum oxide), titanium oxide, aluminum nitride, titanium nitride, zeolite, and glass. .
- fine particles having a cleavage property are suitable, and inorganic fine particles are most suitable.
- Inorganic fine particles having cleavage properties such as oxide; layered titanate; layered phosphate such as hydroxyapatite; are more preferable, and mica and hydroxyapatite are particularly preferable.
- ⁇ -alumina there are many crystal forms of alumina such as ⁇ -alumina, ⁇ -alumina, ⁇ -alumina, and ⁇ -alumina, and any of them can be suitably used.
- ⁇ -alumina is most preferred because of its particularly high thermal stability and chemical stability.
- Cleavage is a property that a crystal is broken or peeled along a certain direction to reveal a smooth surface.
- the atomic arrangement for example, crystal structure
- the cleaving property can be evaluated by, for example, the “cleavage test” described in Japanese Published Patent Publication “JP 2000-254996”.
- the shape of the fine particles varies depending on the production method of the organic or inorganic material as a raw material, the dispersion conditions of the fine particles when producing a coating liquid for forming the porous layer, and the like.
- There are various shapes of the fine particles such as a spherical shape, an oval shape, a short shape, a bowl shape, or an indefinite shape having no specific shape. It is more preferable that any shape has a cleavage property. Since the fine particles have cleavage properties, an internal short circuit due to damage of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be further prevented.
- the fine particles are more preferably in point contact with the binder resin.
- the fine particles and the binder resin are in point contact, an internal short circuit due to damage of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be further prevented.
- the inorganic fine particles may be wet pulverized using a wet pulverizer in order to control the average particle size. That is, coarse inorganic fine particles and a suitable solvent may be put in a wet pulverizer and wet pulverized to form inorganic fine particles having a desired average particle diameter.
- the said solvent is not specifically limited, It is desirable to use water from a viewpoint of a process or an environmental load.
- lower alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and t-butyl alcohol; acetone, toluene, xylene, hexane,
- An organic solvent such as cyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran, N-methylpyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, or the like may be mixed.
- the wet pulverizer is roughly classified into a stirring type and a media type such as a ball mill or a bead mill (Dyno mill), and an optimal pulverizer may be used according to the type of coarse inorganic fine particles.
- a bead mill (dyno mill) having a high grinding ability.
- the grinding power of the bead mill is greatly influenced by factors such as the bead material, the bead diameter, the bead filling rate (relative to the dyno mill vessel volume), the flow rate, and the peripheral speed.
- a slurry of inorganic fine particles obtained by wet pulverization may be collected according to a desired residence time in consideration of the above factors.
- the concentration of the inorganic fine particles in the slurry obtained by wet pulverization is preferably 6 to 50% by weight, and more preferably 10 to 40% by weight.
- the residence time can be calculated from the following equation in each of the pass method and the circulation method.
- Residence time (pass method) (min) [Bessel volume (L) ⁇ Bead filling volume (L) + Bead gap volume (L)] / Flow rate (L / min)
- Residence time (circulation method) (minutes) [ ⁇ Bessel volume (L) ⁇ bead filling volume (L) + bead gap volume (L) ⁇ / slurry amount (L)] ⁇ circulation time (minutes)
- the fine particles may be used in combination of two or more different particle diameters and specific surface areas.
- the content of fine particles contained in the porous layer is preferably 1 to 99% by volume of the porous layer, and more preferably 5 to 95% by volume.
- a coating liquid for forming a porous layer is usually prepared by dissolving the resin in a solvent and dispersing the fine particles.
- the solvent (dispersion medium) is not particularly limited as long as it does not adversely affect the porous film, can dissolve the resin uniformly and stably, and can uniformly and stably disperse the fine particles.
- Specific examples of the solvent (dispersion medium) include water; lower alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and t-butyl alcohol; acetone, toluene, xylene, hexane, N -Methylpyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide; and the like.
- the solvent (dispersion medium) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the coating liquid may be formed by any method as long as the conditions such as the resin solid content (resin concentration) and the amount of fine particles necessary for obtaining a desired porous layer can be satisfied.
- Specific examples of the method for forming the coating liquid include a mechanical stirring method, an ultrasonic dispersion method, a high-pressure dispersion method, and a media dispersion method.
- fine particles may be dispersed in a solvent (dispersion medium) by using a conventionally known disperser such as a three-one motor, a homogenizer, a media type disperser, or a pressure disperser.
- a solution obtained by dissolving or swelling a resin or an emulsion of a resin is supplied into a wet pulverization apparatus at the time of wet pulverization to obtain fine particles having a desired average particle size, and is applied simultaneously with the wet pulverization of the fine particles.
- a liquid can also be prepared. That is, the wet pulverization of the fine particles and the preparation of the coating liquid may be performed simultaneously in one step.
- the coating liquid may contain additives such as a dispersant, a plasticizer, a surfactant, or a pH adjuster as a component other than the resin and fine particles as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired. Good.
- the addition amount of an additive should just be a range which does not impair the objective of this invention.
- the method for applying the coating liquid to the porous film that is, the method for forming the porous layer on the surface of the porous film that has been subjected to hydrophilic treatment as necessary is not particularly limited.
- a sequential laminating method of forming a porous layer on the other side, or a porous film It is possible to apply a simultaneous lamination method in which a porous layer is simultaneously formed on both sides of the substrate.
- a method for forming the porous layer for example, a method in which the coating liquid is directly applied to the surface of the porous film and then the solvent (dispersion medium) is removed; the coating liquid is applied to a suitable support, and the solvent ( After the dispersion medium is removed to form a porous layer, the porous layer and the porous film are pressure-bonded, and then the support is peeled off; the coating liquid is applied to an appropriate support, and then the coated surface A method of removing a solvent (dispersion medium) after pressure-bonding the porous film to the substrate and then peeling off the support; and a solvent (dispersion medium) after immersing the porous film in a coating solution and performing dip coating And the like.
- the thickness of the porous layer is the thickness of the coating film in the wet state (wet) after coating, the weight ratio between the resin and the fine particles, and the solid content concentration of the coating liquid (the sum of the resin concentration and the fine particle concentration). It can be controlled by adjusting etc.
- the support for example, a resin film, a metal belt, a drum, or the like can be used.
- the method for applying the coating solution to the porous film or the support is not particularly limited as long as it can realize a necessary weight per unit area and coating area.
- a coating method of the coating liquid a conventionally known method can be employed.
- a method specifically, for example, gravure coater method, small diameter gravure coater method, reverse roll coater method, transfer roll coater method, kiss coater method, dip coater method, knife coater method, air doctor blade coater method, blade Examples include a coater method, a rod coater method, a squeeze coater method, a cast coater method, a bar coater method, a die coater method, a screen printing method, and a spray coating method.
- the coating liquid it is more preferable to apply the coating liquid using a coating apparatus equipped with a stretching mechanism so that the coating liquid can be uniformly applied, for example, with a base material (porous film).
- the crease-stretching mechanism is more preferably a curved roll (for example, a bow roll, a banana roll, a curved roll), a flat expander roll, a helical roll, or a pinch expander.
- a coating method of a coating solution having a high viscosity a bar coater method and a die coater method are preferably used.
- a coating method of the coating liquid having a low viscosity a gravure coater method is preferable. And when using the gravure coater method, it is especially preferable to use the coating apparatus provided with the pinch expander as the above-mentioned stretching mechanism.
- the coating liquid By applying the coating liquid while stretching the wrinkles of the base material using the above-described wrinkle-stretching mechanism, it is possible to effectively suppress the occurrence of bias and wrinkles in the porous layer. That is, since the coating liquid does not have uneven coating, it can be applied uniformly. As a result, the variation rate of the porosity of the porous layer tends to be small.
- the coating apparatus is not particularly limited.
- a coating apparatus provided with a heel stretching mechanism for example, a coating apparatus described in Japanese Patent Publication “JP 2001-316006” or Japanese Patent Publication “JP 2002-60102” can be used. Can be used.
- the method for removing the solvent (dispersion medium) is generally a drying method.
- the drying method include natural drying, air drying, heat drying, and reduced pressure drying, and any method may be used as long as the solvent (dispersion medium) can be sufficiently removed.
- the solvent (dispersion medium) contained in the coating liquid may be replaced with another solvent before drying.
- As a method for removing the solvent (dispersion medium) after replacing it with another solvent for example, it is possible to dissolve in the solvent (dispersion medium) contained in the coating liquid and not dissolve the resin contained in the coating liquid.
- a porous film or support on which a coating solution is applied and a coating film is formed is immersed in the solvent X, and the coating film on the porous film or the support is used.
- a method of evaporating the solvent X after replacing the solvent (dispersion medium) therein with the solvent X can be mentioned.
- the solvent (dispersion medium) can be efficiently removed from the coating liquid.
- heating is performed to remove the solvent (dispersion medium) or solvent X from the coating film of the coating liquid formed on the porous film or the support, the pores of the porous film contract and become transparent.
- a method for removing the solvent (dispersion medium) in particular, a method of forming a porous layer by applying the coating liquid to the substrate and then drying the coating liquid is preferable. According to the above configuration, it is possible to realize a porous layer having a smaller variation rate of the porosity of the porous layer and less wrinkles.
- a normal drying apparatus can be used for the above drying.
- the film thickness of the porous layer according to the present invention formed by the above-described method may be appropriately determined in consideration of the film thickness of the laminate.
- it is preferably 0.5 to 15 ⁇ m (per one side). More preferably, it is 10 ⁇ m (per one side).
- the total thickness of the porous layer is less than 1 ⁇ m, when the laminate is used as a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, internal short circuit due to damage to the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is sufficient. Cannot be prevented. In addition, the amount of electrolytic solution retained in the porous layer decreases. On the other hand, if the total thickness of the porous layer exceeds 30 ⁇ m, when the laminate is used as a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the lithium ion permeation resistance increases across the separator, When the cycle is repeated, the positive electrode of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery deteriorates, and the rate characteristics and the cycle characteristics deteriorate. In addition, since the distance between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is increased, the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is increased in size.
- the surface of the porous film facing the positive electrode when a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is formed is used. It refers to at least the physical properties of the laminated porous layer.
- the basis weight per unit area (per side) of the porous layer may be appropriately determined in consideration of the strength, film thickness, weight, and handling properties of the laminate.
- the basis weight per unit area of the porous layer is usually preferably 1 to 20 g / m 2 and 4 to 10 g / m 2 . It is more preferable.
- the basis weight per unit area of the porous layer can be increased.
- the basis weight of the porous layer exceeds the above range, the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery becomes heavy when the laminate is used as a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the volume (per side) of the porous layer constituting component contained per square meter of the porous layer is preferably 0.5 to 20 cm 3 , more preferably 1 to 10 cm 3. More preferably, it is 8 cm 3 . That is, the component volume basis weight (per side) of the porous layer is preferably 0.5 to 20 cm 3 / m 2 , more preferably 1 to 10 cm 3 / m 2 , and 2 to 8 cm 3 / m 2. 2 is more preferable.
- the component volume per unit area of the porous layer is less than 0.5 cm 3 / m 2 , when the laminate is used as a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery may be damaged.
- the porosity of the porous layer is preferably 20 to 90% by volume, and more preferably 30 to 80% by volume so that sufficient ion permeability can be obtained.
- the pore diameter of the pores of the porous layer is preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less. By setting the pore diameter to these sizes, sufficient ion permeability can be obtained when the laminate including the porous layer is used as a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- test force at the time of conduction of the laminate and the dielectric breakdown in the nail penetration conduction test measured using the N50 nail specified by JIS A55508 under the condition of the nail descending speed of 50 ⁇ m / min.
- "Difference from test force (test force during conduction-test force during dielectric breakdown)" is a numerical value measured by the following method.
- a measuring device for nail penetration continuity test mounts a laminate 10 to be measured.
- SUS plate 1 SUS304; thickness 1 mm
- N50 nail 2 defined by JIS A55508 mounts a laminate 10 to be measured.
- N50 nail 2 defined by JIS A55508
- a drive unit (not shown) for moving the held nail 2 up and down at a constant speed
- nail Mainly with a resistance measuring device 3 that measures the direct current resistance between 2 and the SUS plate 1 and a material testing machine (not shown) that measures the deformation amount in the thickness direction of the laminate 10 and the force required for the deformation. It is configured.
- the size of the SUS plate 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is at least larger than the size of the laminate 10.
- the drive unit is arranged above the SUS plate 1 and holds the nail so that the tip is perpendicular to the surface of the SUS plate 1 and moves it vertically.
- the resistance measuring device 3 for example, a commercially available product such as a digital multimeter 7461P (manufactured by ADC Corporation) may be used.
- a commercial item also as a material testing machine a small desktop testing machine EZ-L (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) can be diverted to a measuring apparatus, and a resistance measuring instrument and a material testing machine can be connected to this testing machine to form a measuring apparatus.
- the measurement method of the test force at the time of conduction of the laminate 10 and the test force at the time of dielectric breakdown using the measuring device will be described below.
- the nail 2 is fixed to a load cell built in the cross head of the driving unit of the material testing machine using a drill chuck type fixing jig.
- a fixed base is placed on the jig mounting surface at the lower part of the material testing machine, and a negative electrode sheet 4 serving as a negative electrode of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is placed on the SUS plate 1 on the fixed base.
- the laminate 10 is placed on the negative electrode sheet 4.
- the amount of deformation in the thickness direction of the laminate 10 is measured by the stroke of the crosshead of the material testing machine, and the force required for the deformation is measured by a load cell to which the nail is fixed.
- the nail 2 and the resistance measuring device 3 and the SUS plate 1 and the resistance measuring device 3 are electrically connected.
- the electrical connection may be made using, for example, an electric cord and an alligator clip.
- the negative electrode sheet 4 used in the above measurement can be produced by the following method. That is, 98 parts by weight of graphite powder as a negative electrode active material, 100 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose as a thickener and a binder (concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose; 1% by weight), and an aqueous emulsion 2 of styrene-butadiene rubber After adding parts by weight (concentration of styrene / butadiene rubber; 50% by weight) and mixing, 22 parts by weight of water is further added to prepare a slurry having a solid content concentration of 45% by weight.
- the obtained slurry was applied to a part of a rolled copper foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, which is a negative electrode current collector, so that the basis weight was 140 g / m 2 and dried, and then the thickness was reduced to 120 ⁇ m by a press.
- Roll the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer is 100 ⁇ m.
- the rolled rolled copper foil is cut so that the size of the portion where the negative electrode active material layer is formed becomes 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm. Thereby, the negative electrode sheet 4 for a nail penetration conduction test is produced.
- the drive unit is driven to lower the nail 2, and its tip is brought into contact with the surface (outermost layer) of the laminate 10 to stop it (preparation for measurement).
- a state in which the tip of the nail 2 is in contact with the surface of the laminate 10 is defined as a displacement “0” in the thickness direction of the laminate 10.
- the drive unit After completion of measurement preparation, the drive unit is driven to start the descent of the nail 2 at a descent rate of 50 ⁇ m / min. At the same time, (1) the amount of deformation and deformation in the thickness direction of the laminate 10 are required by the material testing machine. The force and (2) DC resistance between the nail 2 and the SUS plate 1 are measured by the resistance measuring device 3. After the start of measurement, the point at which the DC resistance first becomes 10,000 ⁇ is taken as the dielectric breakdown point, and the point at which the DC resistance becomes 100 ⁇ is taken as the conduction point.
- test force (unit: N) which is the measuring force at the time of conduction
- a test force (unit: N) which is a measurement force at the time of dielectric breakdown.
- the difference (unit: N) between the test force at the time of conduction of the laminate 10 and the test force at the time of dielectric breakdown is measured (calculated).
- the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer in the negative electrode sheet is set so as to be 20 ⁇ m or more thicker than the displacement in the thickness direction measured from the time of dielectric breakdown to the time of conduction of the laminate. That is, as a result of measuring the displacement in the thickness direction, when the difference between the measured displacement in the thickness direction and the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer in the negative electrode sheet is less than 20 ⁇ m, a thicker negative electrode active material layer The difference between the test force at the time of conduction of the laminate and the test force at the time of dielectric breakdown is measured again using the negative electrode sheet having the above.
- the slurry is applied to a part of a rolled copper foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m so that the basis weight is 420 g / m 2 and dried, and then rolled to a thickness of 320 ⁇ m by a press machine.
- a negative electrode sheet having a 300 ⁇ m negative electrode active material layer can be obtained.
- such a negative electrode sheet may be used instead of the negative electrode sheet having the negative electrode active material layer having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m.
- the test force during conduction-the test force during dielectric breakdown is preferably 5N or more and 50N or less, more preferably 5N or more and 40N or less, and further preferably 5N or more and 30N or less.
- the difference in the test force is 5N or more and 50N or less, such as the rate characteristics and resistance characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. While maintaining the performance, high safety can be ensured by preventing an internal short circuit due to damage or the like of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the difference in the test force is less than 5N
- the laminate when the laminate is used as a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, an internal short circuit due to damage of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is sufficiently prevented. I can't.
- the difference in the test force exceeds 50 N
- the laminate when the laminate is used as a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the lithium ion permeation resistance increases across the separator. As a result, the rate characteristics and cycle characteristics of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery deteriorate.
- the difference between the test force at the time of conduction of the porous layer and the test force at the time of dielectric breakdown is the difference between the test force at the time of conduction of the laminate and the test force at the time of breakdown. It can be calculated by subtracting the difference between the test force during conduction of the porous film and the test force during dielectric breakdown from the difference from the test force.
- the difference between the test force during conduction of the porous layer and the test force during dielectric breakdown is preferably 5N or more and 50N or less, more preferably 5N or more and 40N or less, and more preferably 5N or more and 30N or less. More preferably it is.
- a laminate according to the present invention is formed by laminating a porous layer on one or both sides of a porous film by the method described above. That is, the laminate according to the present invention is configured by laminating the porous layer on one side or both sides of a porous film.
- the air permeability of the laminate is preferably 30 to 1000 sec / 100 mL, more preferably 50 to 800 sec / 100 mL in terms of Gurley value.
- the air permeability exceeds the above range, it means that the laminate structure is rough because the porosity of the laminate is high. Therefore, the strength of the laminate may be reduced, and shape stability (particularly shape stability at high temperature) may be insufficient.
- the air permeability is less than the above range, when the laminate is used as a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, sufficient ion permeability cannot be obtained, and the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary The battery characteristics of the battery may be degraded.
- the laminate according to the present invention does not impair the object of the present invention with known porous films such as a heat-resistant layer, an adhesive layer, and a protective layer, if necessary. It may be included in the range.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention includes the laminate as a separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. More specifically, the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention includes a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery member in which a positive electrode, a laminate, and a negative electrode are arranged in this order.
- a lithium ion secondary battery will be described as an example of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the components of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery other than the laminate are not limited to the components described below.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery for example, a non-aqueous electrolyte obtained by dissolving a lithium salt in an organic solvent can be used.
- the lithium salt include LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , Li 2 B 10 Cl 10 , lower aliphatic carboxylic acid lithium salt, LiAlCl 4 and the like.
- the lithium salt may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- lithium salts at least one selected from the group consisting of LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , and LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3. More preferred are fluorine-containing lithium salts.
- organic solvent constituting the non-aqueous electrolyte include, for example, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, 4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Carbonates such as 1,2-di (methoxycarbonyloxy) ethane; 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,3-dimethoxypropane, pentafluoropropyl methyl ether, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl difluoromethyl Ethers such as ether, tetrahydrofuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran; Esters such as methyl formate, methyl acetate and ⁇ -butyrolactone; Nitriles such as acetonitrile and butyronitrile; N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethyl Amides such as cetamide; Carbamates such as 3-methyl-2-ox
- Fluorine organic solvent Only one kind of the organic solvent may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- the organic solvents carbonates are more preferable, and a mixed solvent of cyclic carbonate and acyclic carbonate, or a mixed solvent of cyclic carbonate and ethers is more preferable.
- a mixed solvent of cyclic carbonate and non-cyclic carbonate ethylene carbonate has a wide operating temperature range and is difficult to decompose even when a graphite material such as natural graphite or artificial graphite is used as the negative electrode active material. More preferred is a mixed solvent containing dimethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate.
- the positive electrode a sheet-like positive electrode in which a positive electrode mixture containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder is usually supported on a positive electrode current collector is used.
- the positive electrode active material examples include materials that can be doped and dedoped with lithium ions.
- the material include lithium composite oxides containing at least one transition metal such as V, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni.
- lithium composite oxides since the average discharge potential is high, lithium nickel oxide and lithium composite oxides having an ⁇ -NaFeO 2 type structure such as lithium cobaltate, lithium having a spinel type structure such as lithium manganese spinel A composite oxide is more preferable.
- the lithium composite oxide may contain various metal elements, and composite lithium nickelate is more preferable.
- the number of moles of at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ag, Mg, Al, Ga, In, and Sn, and in the lithium nickelate When the composite lithium nickelate containing the metal element is used so that the ratio of the at least one metal element is 0.1 to 20 mol% with respect to the sum of the number of moles of Ni, the non-aqueous electrolyte 2
- the secondary battery is particularly preferable because it is excellent in cycle characteristics when used at a high capacity.
- Examples of the conductive material include natural graphite, artificial graphite, cokes, carbon black, pyrolytic carbons, carbon fibers, and carbonaceous materials such as organic polymer compound fired bodies. Only one type of the conductive material may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination, such as a mixture of artificial graphite and carbon black.
- binder examples include polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride copolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer. , Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and thermoplastic resins such as thermoplastic polyimide, polyethylene, and polypropylene.
- the binder also has a function as a thickener.
- a method for obtaining the positive electrode mixture for example, a method of obtaining a positive electrode mixture by pressurizing a positive electrode active material, a conductive material and a binder on a positive electrode current collector; and a positive electrode active material using an appropriate organic solvent And a method of obtaining a positive electrode mixture by pasting a conductive material and a binder into a paste.
- Examples of the positive electrode current collector include conductors such as Al, Ni, and stainless steel, and Al is more preferable because it is easily processed into a thin film and is inexpensive.
- Examples of a method for producing a sheet-like positive electrode that is, a method of supporting a positive electrode mixture on a positive electrode current collector include (1) a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder that become a positive electrode mixture. (2) A positive electrode active material, a conductive material and a binder are made into a paste using an appropriate organic solvent to obtain a positive electrode mixture, and then the positive electrode mixture is collected into a positive electrode current collector. Examples thereof include a method of pressurizing a sheet-like positive electrode mixture obtained by coating on a body and drying to fix the positive electrode current collector.
- a sheet-like negative electrode in which a negative electrode mixture containing a negative electrode active material is usually supported on a negative electrode current collector is used.
- the negative electrode active material examples include materials that can be doped and dedoped with lithium ions, and lithium metals or lithium alloys.
- Specific examples of the material include carbonaceous materials such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, cokes, carbon black, pyrolytic carbons, carbon fibers, and organic polymer compound fired bodies; and lower than the positive electrode. Examples thereof include chalcogen compounds such as oxides and sulfides that dope and dedope lithium ions at a potential.
- carbonaceous materials mainly composed of graphite materials such as natural graphite and artificial graphite are more preferable. This is because the potential flatness is high and the average discharge potential is low, so that a large energy density can be obtained when combined with the positive electrode.
- the negative electrode active material is pressurized on the negative electrode current collector to obtain the negative electrode mixture, and the negative electrode active material is made into a paste using an appropriate organic solvent.
- the method etc. which obtain an agent are mentioned.
- Examples of the negative electrode current collector include Cu, Ni, and stainless steel, and Cu is particularly preferable. This is because Cu is difficult to form an alloy with lithium in a lithium ion secondary battery and is easy to process into a thin film.
- Examples of a method for producing a sheet-like negative electrode that is, a method for supporting a negative electrode mixture on a negative electrode current collector include, for example, (1) a method of pressure molding a negative electrode active material to be a negative electrode mixture on a negative electrode current collector And (2) a sheet obtained by pasting the negative electrode active material into a paste using an appropriate organic solvent to obtain a negative electrode mixture, coating the negative electrode mixture on the negative electrode current collector, and drying For example, a method of pressurizing the negative electrode mixture and fixing it to the negative electrode current collector.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is placed in a container serving as a casing of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. After putting the battery member and then filling the container with a non-aqueous electrolyte, the container is sealed while decompressing. Thereby, the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention can be manufactured.
- the shape of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is not particularly limited, and may be any shape such as a thin plate (paper) type, a disc type, a cylindrical type, and a rectangular column type such as a rectangular parallelepiped.
- the manufacturing method of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is not specifically limited, A conventionally well-known manufacturing method is employable.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention is a laminate in which a porous layer containing fine particles is laminated on at least one surface of a porous film containing polyolefin as a main component, and is specified in JIS A5550. Difference between the test force at the time of conduction of the laminated body and the test force at the time of dielectric breakdown in the nail penetration conduction test measured under the condition of a nail descending speed of 50 ⁇ m / min. -A laminate having a test force at the time of dielectric breakdown) of 5N or more and 50N or less is included as a separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention maintains various performances such as rate characteristics and resistance characteristics (liquid resistance) of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and is contrary to the maintenance of various performances. Prevents internal short circuit due to breakage of related nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. Thereby, high safety can be ensured.
- the physical properties and the like of the laminated porous film (laminated body), the A layer (porous film), and the B layer (porous layer) in Examples and Comparative Examples were measured by the following methods.
- Film thickness (unit: ⁇ m): The thickness of the laminated porous film (that is, the total thickness), the thickness of the A layer, and the thickness of the B layer were measured using a high-precision digital length measuring machine manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation.
- Component volume basis weight of B layer (porous layer) (unit: cm 3 / m 2 ): The basis weight of each component was calculated by multiplying the basis weight of the B layer calculated by the above method (2) by the weight concentration of each component constituting the B layer (weight concentration in the B layer). Then, the basis weight of each component obtained was divided by the true specific gravity of each component, and the sum of the obtained numerical values was defined as the component volume basis weight of the B layer.
- a laminated porous film (laminated body) 1 was formed using the following A layer (porous film) and B layer (porous layer).
- the porous film 1 which is a base material was produced using polyethylene which is polyolefin.
- the sheet was immersed in an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (containing 4 mol / L hydrochloric acid and 0.5% by weight of a nonionic surfactant) to dissolve and remove calcium carbonate. Then, the said sheet
- aqueous hydrochloric acid solution containing 4 mol / L hydrochloric acid and 0.5% by weight of a nonionic surfactant
- ⁇ B layer> As the binder resin, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) (manufactured by Daicel Corporation; CMC1110) was used. As the inorganic fine particles, mica (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd .; non-swelling mica) was used. The mica is a fine particle having a cleavage property.
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- mica manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd .; non-swelling mica
- the mica, CMC, and solvent mixed solvent of water and isopropyl alcohol
- the solvent was mixed so as to be 5% by weight of alcohol.
- a mica dispersion was obtained.
- the coating liquid 1 was produced by carrying out the high pressure dispersion
- ⁇ Laminated porous film> One side of the A layer was subjected to corona treatment at 20 W / (m 2 / min). Subsequently, the said coating liquid 1 was coated on the surface of the A layer which performed the corona treatment using the gravure coater. At this time, tension was applied to the A layer by sandwiching the front and rear of the coating position with a pinch roll so that the coating liquid 1 could be uniformly applied to the A layer. Then, B layer was formed by drying a coating film. Thereby, the laminated porous film 1 in which the B layer was laminated on one side of the A layer was obtained.
- the rolled aluminum foil is cut out so that the size of the portion where the positive electrode active material layer is formed is 40 mm ⁇ 35 mm, and the portion where the width is 13 mm and the positive electrode active material layer is not formed remains on the outer periphery.
- a positive electrode was obtained.
- the density of the positive electrode active material layer was 2.50 g / cm 3 .
- the rolled rolled copper foil is cut out so that the portion where the negative electrode active material layer is formed has a size of 50 mm ⁇ 40 mm and the outer periphery thereof has a width of 13 mm and no negative electrode active material layer is formed.
- the density of the negative electrode active material layer was 1.40 g / cm 3 .
- the layer B of the laminated porous film 1 and the positive electrode active material layer of the positive electrode are in contact with each other, and the A layer of the laminated porous film 1 and the negative electrode active material layer of the negative electrode are in contact with each other.
- the positive electrode, the laminated porous film 1, and the negative electrode were laminated (arranged) in this order. In this way, a laminate type non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery member was obtained.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode were disposed so that the entire main surface of the positive electrode active material layer of the positive electrode was included in the range of the main surface of the negative electrode active material layer of the negative electrode (overlaid on the main surface).
- size of the laminated porous film 1 was made larger than the said negative electrode.
- the laminate type non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery member was put in a bag in which an aluminum layer and a heat seal layer were laminated, and 0.25 mL of the non-aqueous electrolyte was put in this bag.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared by dissolving LiPF 6 at 1 mol / L in a mixed solvent obtained by mixing ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate at a ratio of 3: 5: 2 (volume ratio).
- the laminated type nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced by heat-sealing the said bag, decompressing the inside of a bag.
- a fixed amount of water was put into the kneader to dissolve the binder resin 2. Thereafter, the positive electrode active material, the conductive agent, and the binder resin 1 were added and kneaded. Next, an appropriate amount of water was added to the kneaded material, and the viscosity of the kneaded material was adjusted to 2700 ⁇ 1000 cp at 25 ° C. to obtain a positive electrode mixture.
- the positive electrode mixture was uniformly applied to a predetermined portion of both surfaces of a 20 ⁇ m thick aluminum foil having no gap, which was a positive electrode current collector, and dried.
- the dried product was rolled with a roll press until the thickness of the coating film (film thickness of the positive electrode mixture) reached 140 ⁇ m (apparent density 3.5 g / cm 3 ).
- the rolled aluminum foil was cut out to obtain a positive electrode having a width of 54 mm and a length of 560 mm.
- Negative electrode active material 1 Choetsu Graphite Industrial Co., Ltd .; BF15SP, true specific gravity 2.2 g / cm 3
- Negative electrode active material 2 manufactured by Nippon Graphite Shoji Co., Ltd .; CG-RA, true specific gravity 2.2 g / cm 3
- Binder resin (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd .; Serogen 4H, true specific gravity 1.4 g / cm 3 ): In this order, each component was weighed so that the weight ratio (composition) was 58.8: 39.2: 2.
- the negative electrode active material 1 and the negative electrode active material 2 were added and knead
- an appropriate amount of water was added to the kneaded product to adjust the viscosity of the kneaded product to 2100 ⁇ 500 cp at 25 ° C. to obtain a negative electrode mixture.
- the negative electrode mixture was uniformly applied to a predetermined portion on both surfaces of a 12 ⁇ m thick copper foil without gaps, which was a negative electrode current collector, and dried.
- the dried product was rolled with a roll press until the thickness of the coating film (the film thickness of the negative electrode mixture) reached 140 ⁇ m (apparent density 1.45 g / cm 3 ).
- the rolled copper foil was cut out to obtain a negative electrode having a width of 56 mm and a length of 600 mm.
- a laminated porous film 1 having a width of 60 mm and a length of 700 mm was used as the laminate.
- the positive electrode tab made from aluminum was welded to the positive electrode
- the negative electrode tab made from nickel was welded to the negative electrode.
- the positive electrode, the laminated porous film 1 and the negative electrode are laminated (arranged) in this order, and wound to obtain a cylindrical nonaqueous solution.
- An electrolyte solution secondary battery member was obtained.
- the cylindrical non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery member is put into a battery can for 18650 cylindrical battery and necked with a desktop lathe to weld the negative electrode tab to the bottom of the can and the positive electrode tab to the lid. Then, vacuum drying was performed. Thereafter, 5 g (corresponding to 1.1 times the total volume of voids in the positive electrode, the laminated porous film 1 and the negative electrode) was put in a battery can in a glove box in an argon gas atmosphere.
- non-aqueous electrolyte As the non-aqueous electrolyte, a commercially available product (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd .; specific gravity 1.21 g / cm 3 ) in which 1.3 mol / L of LiPF 6 was contained in a carbonate-based solvent was used. And the cylindrical non-aqueous-electrolyte secondary battery (18650 cylindrical battery) was produced by crimping a battery can and a lid
- the safety of the cylindrical nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery at the above test voltage was evaluated according to the following criteria.
- ⁇ Although fever and smoke are generated, the battery can and lid are not damaged; X: Rupture or ignition occurs, or the lid blows away; Then, the initial test voltage is set to an arbitrary voltage between 3.8 and 4.2 V and the nail penetration test is started. In the case of “ ⁇ ”, the test voltage is increased by 0.05 V and the same test is performed. In the case of “x”, the test voltage was lowered by 0.05 V and the same test was conducted. The nail penetration test was performed on a total of 10 or more cylindrical non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries at the same test voltage.
- the laminated porous film 2 was formed using the following A layer and B layer.
- a coating liquid 2 was prepared by performing the same operation as in Example 1 except that hydroxyapatite (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was used as the inorganic fine particles.
- the hydroxyapatite is a fine particle having a cleavage property.
- a laminated nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced by performing the same operation as in Example 1 except that the laminated porous film 2 was used.
- a cylindrical non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced by performing the same operation as in Example 1 except that the laminated porous film 2 was used.
- a laminated porous film (1) for comparison was formed using the following A layer and B layer.
- a coating solution 3 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that silica (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich; average particle size of 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m) was used as the inorganic fine particles. Note that the silica is a fine particle having no cleavage property.
- Example 2 Except for using the coating solution 3, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a comparative laminated porous film (1) in which the B layer was laminated on one side of the A layer.
- a laminate type nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the comparative laminated porous film (1) was used.
- Example 3 A laminated porous film 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the coating layer 2 was applied to both sides of the A layer to form the B layer on both sides of the A layer.
- a laminate type nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced by performing the same operation as that of Example 1 except that the laminated porous film 3 was used.
- a laminated nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the comparative laminated porous film (2) was used.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including the laminate according to the present invention and the separator for the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery has various performances such as rate characteristics and resistance characteristics (liquid resistance) of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. It can be seen that an internal short circuit due to damage to the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (which has a reciprocal relationship with maintaining various performances) can be prevented. Since the rated voltage of commercially available batteries is approximately 3.8V, a 50% breakdown voltage of 3.9V or higher is required to ensure safety. It can be said that the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of an example with a low risk of explosion or ignition at 3.9 V can secure high safety.
- the laminate according to the present invention and the separator for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries including the laminate can be widely used in the field of manufacturing non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries.
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Abstract
Description
本発明における多孔質フィルムは、非水電解液二次電池用セパレータの基材であり、ポリオレフィンを主成分としている。また、上記多孔質フィルムは、その内部に、互いに連結した細孔を多数有しており、これにより、当該多孔質フィルムの一方の面から他方の面に気体や液体を通過させることが可能となっている。
(1)超高分子量ポリエチレン100重量部と、重量平均分子量が1万以下の低分子量ポリオレフィン5~200重量部と、炭酸カルシウム等の無機充填剤100~400重量部とを混練してポリオレフィン樹脂組成物を得る工程、
(2)上記ポリオレフィン樹脂組成物を用いてシートを成形する工程、
次いで、
(3)工程(2)で得られたシートから無機充填剤を除去する工程、
(4)工程(3)で無機充填剤を除去したシートを延伸して多孔質フィルムを得る工程。
或いは、
(3’)工程(2)で得られたシートを延伸する工程、
(4’)工程(3’)で延伸したシートから無機充填剤を除去して多孔質フィルムを得る工程。
本発明に係る多孔質層は、微粒子を含むと共に、通常、樹脂を含んでなる樹脂層である。本発明に係る多孔質層は、好ましくは、多孔質フィルムの片面または両面に積層される耐熱層または接着層である。多孔質層を構成する樹脂は、非水電解液二次電池の電解液に不溶であると共に、その非水電解液二次電池の使用範囲において電気化学的に安定であることが好ましい。多孔質フィルムの片面に多孔質層が積層される場合には、当該多孔質層は、好ましくは、当該多孔質フィルムを非水電解液二次電池としたときの、多孔質フィルムの面のうち、当該非水電解液二次電池の正極と対向する面に積層され、より好ましくは、上記正極と接する面に積層される。
滞留時間(循環方式)(分)=[{ベッセル容積(L)-ビーズ充填容積(L)+ビーズ間隙容積(L)}/スラリー量(L)]×循環時間(分)
微粒子は、粒子径や比表面積が互いに異なる2種類以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
上述した方法によって多孔質フィルムの片面または両面に多孔質層を積層することにより、本発明に係る積層体が形成される。即ち、本発明に係る積層体は、多孔質フィルムの片面または両面に上記多孔質層が積層されて構成されている。
本発明に係る非水電解液二次電池は、積層体を非水電解液二次電池用セパレータとして含んでいる。より具体的には、本発明に係る非水電解液二次電池は、正極、積層体、および負極がこの順で配置されてなる非水電解液二次電池用部材を含んでいる。以下、非水電解液二次電池として、リチウムイオン二次電池を例に挙げて説明する。尚、積層体以外の非水電解液二次電池の構成要素は、下記説明の構成要素に限定されるものではない。
積層多孔質フィルムの膜厚(即ち、全体の膜厚)、A層の膜厚、およびB層の膜厚は、株式会社ミツトヨ製の高精度デジタル測長機を用いて測定した。
積層多孔質フィルムから、一辺の長さ8cmの正方形をサンプルとして切り取り、当該サンプルの重量W(g)を測定した。そして、次式
目付(g/m2)=W/(0.08×0.08)
に従い、積層多孔質フィルムの目付(即ち、全体の目付)を算出した。同様にして、A層の目付を算出した。B層の目付は、全体の目付からA層の目付を差し引いて算出した。
上記(2)の方法で算出されたB層の目付に、当該B層を構成する各成分の重量濃度(B層中の重量濃度)を乗じて、成分毎の目付を算出した。そして、得られた各成分の目付を、各々、各成分の真比重で除し、得られた数値の総和を、B層の成分体積目付とした。
B層の成分体積目付(cm3/m2)=Wb×Xc/ρc+Wb×Xd/ρd+Wb×Xe/ρe
から算出される。ここで、
Wb(g/m2):B層の目付
Xc(重量%):成分Cの重量濃度
Xd(重量%):成分Dの重量濃度
Xe(重量%):成分Eの重量濃度
ρc(g/cm3):成分Cの真比重
ρd(g/cm3):成分Dの真比重
ρe(g/cm3):成分Eの真比重
である(Xc+Xd+Xe=100(重量%))。
積層体の導通時の試験力と絶縁破壊時の試験力との差(導通時の試験力-絶縁破壊時の試験力)は、上述した釘刺し導通試験によって測定した。
下記A層(多孔質フィルム)、およびB層(多孔質層)を用いて、積層多孔質フィルム(積層体)1を形成した。
ポリオレフィンであるポリエチレンを用いて基材である多孔質フィルム1を作製した。
バインダー樹脂として、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(CMC)(株式会社ダイセル製;CMC1110)を用いた。無機微粒子として、マイカ(和光純薬工業株式会社製;非膨潤性雲母)を用いた。尚、当該マイカは、劈開性を有する微粒子である。
上記A層の片面に、20W/(m2/分)でコロナ処理を施した。次いで、コロナ処理を施したA層の面に、グラビアコーターを用いて、上記塗工液1を塗工した。このとき、A層に塗工液1を均一に塗工することができるように、塗工位置の前後をピンチロールで挟んでA層に張力を与えた。その後、塗膜を乾燥することでB層を形成した。これにより、A層の片面にB層が積層された積層多孔質フィルム1を得た。
得られた積層多孔質フィルム1の物性等を、上述した方法で測定した。結果を表1に示す。
≪ラミネート型非水電解液二次電池の作製≫
(正極の作製)
正極活物質であるLiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O290重量部に、アセチレンブラック6重量部、およびポリフッ化ビニリデン(株式会社クレハ製)4重量部を加えて混合して混合物を得た。このようにして得られた混合物を、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンに分散させてスラリーを作製した。このようにして得られたスラリーを、正極集電体であるアルミニウム箔の一部に均一に塗布して乾燥させた後、プレス機により厚さ80μmに圧延した。次いで、正極活物質層が形成された部分の大きさが40mm×35mmであり、かつその外周に幅13mmで正極活物質層が形成されていない部分が残るように、圧延したアルミニウム箔を切り取って正極とした。正極活物質層の密度は2.50g/cm3であった。
負極活物質である黒鉛粉末98重量部に、増粘剤および結着剤であるカルボキシメチルセルロースの水溶液100重量部(カルボキシメチルセルロースの濃度;1重量%)、およびスチレン・ブタジエンゴムの水性エマルジョン1重量部を加えて混合して、スラリーを作製した。このようにして得られたスラリーを、負極集電体である厚さ20μmの圧延銅箔の一部に塗布して乾燥させた後、プレス機により厚さ80μmに圧延した。次いで、負極活物質層が形成された部分の大きさが50mm×40mmであり、かつその外周に幅13mmで負極活物質層が形成されていない部分が残るように、圧延した圧延銅箔を切り取って負極とした。負極活物質層の密度は1.40g/cm3であった。
ラミネートパウチ内で、積層多孔質フィルム1のB層と正極の正極活物質層とが接するようにして、かつ、積層多孔質フィルム1のA層と負極の負極活物質層とが接するようにして、上記正極、積層多孔質フィルム1、および負極をこの順で積層(配置)した。このようにして、ラミネート型非水電解液二次電池用部材を得た。このとき、正極の正極活物質層における主面の全部が、負極の負極活物質層における主面の範囲に含まれる(主面に重なる)ように、正極および負極を配置した。尚、積層多孔質フィルム1の大きさは、上記負極よりも大きくした。
上記ラミネート型非水電解液二次電池に対して、25℃で電圧範囲;4.1~2.7V、電流値;0.2C(1時間率の放電容量による定格容量を1時間で放電する電流値を1Cとする、以下も同様)を1サイクルとして、4サイクルの初期充放電を行った。
(正極の作製)
下記正極活物質、導電剤、バインダー樹脂1、およびバインダー樹脂2
正極活物質:LiCoO2(日本化学工業株式会社製;セルシードC-10N、真比重4.8g/cm3):
導電剤:アセチレンブラック(電気化学工業株式会社製;真比重2.2g/cm3):
バインダー樹脂1(三井・デュポンフロロケミカル株式会社製;PTFE31-JR、真比重2.2g/cm3):
バインダー樹脂2(第一工業製薬株式会社製;セロゲン4H、真比重1.4g/cm3):
を用い、この順で重量比(組成)が92:2.7:4.55:0.75となるように、各成分をそれぞれ秤量した。そして、混練機に一定量の水を入れ、バインダー樹脂2を溶解した。その後、正極活物質、導電剤、およびバインダー樹脂1を加えて混練した。次いで、混練物に適切な量の水を加えて、当該混練物の粘度が25℃で2700±1000cpとなるように調節して、正極合剤を得た。当該正極合剤を、正極集電体である、空隙の無い厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔の両面における所定部分に均一に塗布して乾燥させた。その後、乾燥物を、ロールプレス機により、塗布膜の厚さ(正極合剤の膜厚)が140μm(見かけ密度3.5g/cm3)になるまで圧延した。次いで、圧延したアルミニウム箔を切り取って、幅54mm、長さ560mmの正極を得た。
下記負極活物質1、負極活物質2、およびバインダー樹脂
負極活物質1(株式会社中越黒鉛工業所;BF15SP、真比重2.2g/cm3):
負極活物質2(日本黒鉛商事株式会社製;CG-R-A、真比重2.2g/cm3):
バインダー樹脂(第一工業製薬株式会社製;セロゲン4H、真比重1.4g/cm3):
を用い、この順で重量比(組成)が58.8:39.2:2となるように、各成分をそれぞれ秤量した。そして、混練機に一定量の水を入れ、バインダー樹脂を溶解した後、負極活物質1、および負極活物質2を加えて混練した。次いで、混練物に適切な量の水を加えて、当該混練物の粘度が25℃で2100±500cpとなるように調節して、負極合剤を得た。当該負極合剤を、負極集電体である、空隙の無い厚さ12μmの銅箔の両面における所定部分に均一に塗布して乾燥させた。その後、乾燥物を、ロールプレス機により、塗布膜の厚さ(負極合剤の膜厚)が140μm(見かけ密度1.45g/cm3)になるまで圧延した。次いで、圧延した銅箔を切り取って、幅56mm、長さ600mmの負極を得た。
積層体として幅60mm、長さ700mmの積層多孔質フィルム1を用いた。また、正極にアルミニウム製の正極タブを溶接し、負極にニッケル製の負極タブを溶接した。そして、上述したラミネート型非水電解液二次電池の作製時と同様に、正極、積層多孔質フィルム1、および負極をこの順で積層(配置)し、巻回することにより、円筒型非水電解液二次電池用部材を得た。
円筒型非水電解液二次電池を所定の試験電圧まで充電した後、当該電池の中心部に2.77mmφの釘を1mm/sec の降下速度で刺して貫通させる釘刺し試験を行い、安全性の評価(良否判定)を行った。
×:破裂や発火が生じる、或いは、蓋が吹き飛ぶ;
そして、初回の試験電圧を3.8~4.2Vの間の任意の電圧に設定して釘刺し試験を開始し、「○」の場合には試験電圧を0.05V上げて同様の試験を行い、「×」の場合には試験電圧を0.05V下げて同様の試験を行った。釘刺し試験は、同一の試験電圧において、総数10個以上の円筒型非水電解液二次電池に対して行った。
V50=VI+d[Σ(i×ni)/N±1/2]
から算出される。ここで、
V50:50%破壊電圧(単位:V)
VI:電圧水準(i)が0のときの試験電圧(「○」と「×」とが共存する試験電圧であり、かつ、「×」の数が多い試験電圧)(単位:V)
i:試験電圧がVIのときを0とし、一つずつ増減する電圧水準(i=…,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,…)
ni:各電圧水準での試験において、「×」となった(または「○」となった)電池の数
d:試験電圧を上下させるときの電圧間隔(単位:V)
N:全ての釘刺し試験で「○」となった(または「×」となった)電池の総数(N=Σni)
である。そして、評価である「○」、「×」の数を数える場合には、全ての釘刺し試験に亘って、どちらか多い方の結果を使用する。尚、同数の場合にはどちらを使用してもよい。また、「±1/2」の値は、評価である「○」、「×」の数を数える場合に「×」のデータを使用した場合は負号を採用し、「○」のデータを使用した場合は正号を採用する。
積層多孔質フィルム1の表面を走査型電子顕微鏡で観察した。得られた画像を図2に示す。当該画像から、マイカ(雲母)Aの微粒子にバインダー樹脂Bが点接触していることを確認することができた。
下記A層、およびB層を用いて、積層多孔質フィルム2を形成した。
実施例1と同様にしてポリエチレン製の多孔質フィルム(A層)を作製した。
無機微粒子として、ヒドロキシアパタイト(和光純薬工業株式会社製)を用いた以外は、実施例1の操作と同様の操作を行って塗工液2を作製した。尚、当該ヒドロキシアパタイトは、劈開性を有する微粒子である。
上記塗工液2を用いた以外は、実施例1の操作と同様の操作を行って、A層の片面にB層が積層された積層多孔質フィルム2を得た。
得られた積層多孔質フィルム2の物性等を、上述した方法で測定した。結果を表1に示す。
上記積層多孔質フィルム2を用いた以外は、実施例1の操作と同様の操作を行って、ラミネート型非水電解液二次電池を作製した。
実施例1の操作と同様の操作を行って、ラミネート型非水電解液二次電池の液抵抗を算出した。結果を表2に示す。
上記積層多孔質フィルム2を用いた以外は、実施例1の操作と同様の操作を行って、円筒型非水電解液二次電池を作製した。
実施例1の操作と同様の操作を行って、円筒型非水電解液二次電池の50%破壊電圧を算出した。結果を表2に示す。
下記A層、およびB層を用いて、比較用の積層多孔質フィルム(1) を形成した。
実施例1と同様にしてポリエチレン製の多孔質フィルム(A層)を作製した。
無機微粒子として、シリカ(シグマアルドリッチ社製;平均粒子径0.5~10μm)を用いた以外は、実施例1の操作と同様の操作を行って塗工液3を作製した。尚、当該シリカは、劈開性を有さない微粒子である。
上記塗工液3を用いた以外は、実施例1の操作と同様の操作を行って、A層の片面にB層が積層された比較用の積層多孔質フィルム(1) を得た。
得られた比較用の積層多孔質フィルム(1) の物性等を、上述した方法で測定した。結果を表1に示す。
上記比較用の積層多孔質フィルム(1) を用いた以外は、実施例1の操作と同様の操作を行って、ラミネート型非水電解液二次電池を作製した。
実施例1の操作と同様の操作を行って、ラミネート型非水電解液二次電池の液抵抗を算出した。結果を表2に示す。
JIS A 5508で規定されるN50の釘を用いて釘の降下速度50μm/分の条件で測定された釘刺し導通試験における、積層体の絶縁破壊から導通までの厚さ方向の変位と、円筒型非水電解液二次電池の50%破壊電圧との関係は、正の相関を示す。比較例1では、積層体の導通時の試験力と絶縁破壊時の試験力との差が0.5N~20Nとなる範囲で測定した6点の50%破壊電圧の値から、比較用の積層多孔質フィルム(1) を用いた場合の50%破壊電圧を算出した。結果を表2に示す。
A層の両面に塗工液2を塗工することによってA層の両面にB層を形成した以外は、実施例2と同様にして、積層多孔質フィルム3を得た。
得られた積層多孔質フィルム3の物性等を、上述した方法で測定した。結果を表1に示す。
上記積層多孔質フィルム3を用いた以外は、実施例1の操作と同様の操作を行って、ラミネート型非水電解液二次電池を作製した。
実施例1の操作と同様の操作を行って、ラミネート型非水電解液二次電池の液抵抗を算出した。結果を表2に示す。
積層多孔質フィルム3を用いた以外は、実施例1の操作と同様の操作を行って、円筒型非水電解液二次電池を作製した。
実施例1の操作と同様の操作を行って、円筒型非水電解液二次電池の50%破壊電圧を算出した。結果を表2に示す。
下記A層、およびB層を用いて、比較用の積層多孔質フィルム(2) を作製した。
実施例1と同様にしてポリエチレン製の多孔質フィルム(A層)を作製した。
塗工液3の塗工量を、B層の膜厚が13.7μmとなるように変えた以外は、実施例1の操作と同様の操作を行って、A層の片面にB層が積層された比較用の積層多孔質フィルム(2) を作製した。
得られた比較用の積層多孔質フィルム(2) の物性等を、上述した方法で測定した。結果を表1に示す。
比較用の積層多孔質フィルム(2) を用いた以外は、実施例1の操作と同様の操作を行って、ラミネート型非水電解液二次電池を作製した。
実施例1の操作と同様の操作を行って、ラミネート型非水電解液二次電池の液抵抗を算出した。結果を表2に示す。
比較例1と同じ方法によって、比較用の積層多孔質フィルム(2) を用いた場合の50%破壊電圧を算出した。結果を表2に示す。
2 釘
3 抵抗測定器
4 負極シート
10 積層体
A マイカ
B バインダー樹脂
Claims (11)
- ポリオレフィンを主成分とする多孔質フィルムの少なくとも一方の面に、微粒子を含む多孔質層を積層させた積層体であって、
JIS A 5508で規定されるN50の釘を用いて釘の降下速度50μm/分の条件で測定した釘刺し導通試験における、積層体の導通時の試験力と絶縁破壊時の試験力との差(導通時の試験力-絶縁破壊時の試験力)が、5N以上、50N以下であることを特徴とする積層体。 - 上記多孔質層の1平方メートル当たりに含まれる多孔質層構成成分の体積(片面当たり)が、0.5~20cm3であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の積層体。
- 上記多孔質層の膜厚(片面当たり)が0.5~15μm、上記多孔質フィルムの膜厚が5~30μmであることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の積層体。
- 上記多孔質フィルムの空隙率が30~60体積%であることを特徴とする、請求項1から3の何れか1項に記載の積層体。
- 上記微粒子が無機微粒子であることを特徴とする、請求項1から4の何れか1項に記載の積層体。
- 上記多孔質層がバインダー樹脂をさらに含み、上記微粒子が、バインダー樹脂と点接触していることを特徴とする、請求項1から5の何れか1項に記載の積層体。
- 上記微粒子が劈開性を有することを特徴とする、請求項1から6の何れか1項に記載の積層体。
- 上記多孔質フィルムの単位面積当たりの目付が4~20g/m2であることを特徴とする、請求項1から7の何れか1項に記載の積層体。
- 上記多孔質層の単位面積当たりの目付(片面当たり)が1~20g/m2であることを特徴とする、請求項1から8の何れか1項に記載の積層体。
- 請求項1から9の何れか1項に記載の積層体を含む非水電解液二次電池用セパレータ。
- 請求項1から9の何れか1項に記載の積層体を含む非水電解液二次電池。
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JP5973674B1 (ja) | 2016-08-23 |
US9917289B2 (en) | 2018-03-13 |
JP2016190499A (ja) | 2016-11-10 |
KR20160102331A (ko) | 2016-08-30 |
CN105706270A (zh) | 2016-06-22 |
JPWO2016056289A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
KR20170113699A (ko) | 2017-10-12 |
US20160365559A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
CN105706270B (zh) | 2018-05-11 |
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