WO2018070423A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池及びこれを用いた電気機器 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池及びこれを用いた電気機器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018070423A1 WO2018070423A1 PCT/JP2017/036813 JP2017036813W WO2018070423A1 WO 2018070423 A1 WO2018070423 A1 WO 2018070423A1 JP 2017036813 W JP2017036813 W JP 2017036813W WO 2018070423 A1 WO2018070423 A1 WO 2018070423A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- active material
- electrode active
- lithium ion
- binder
- secondary battery
- Prior art date
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 115
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- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- -1 carboxylic acid alkali metal Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 44
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- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003136 leucine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium magnesium Chemical compound [Li].[Mg] GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMHMDUCCVHOJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium molybdate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O NMHMDUCCVHOJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SBWRUMICILYTAT-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;cobalt(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Co+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O SBWRUMICILYTAT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003646 lysine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005190 phenylalanine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LLLCSBYSPJHDJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound [K+].CC(=C)C([O-])=O LLLCSBYSPJHDJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SONHXMAHPHADTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=C)C([O-])=O SONHXMAHPHADTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-L-hydroxy-proline Natural products ON1CCCC1C(O)=O FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
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- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
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- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
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- H01M50/434—Ceramics
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/457—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lithium ion secondary battery and an electric device using the same.
- a secondary battery used for such a vehicle power source is required to have a battery that operates not only at a high energy density but also in a wide temperature range.
- the non-aqueous system in the charged state is assumed in the most severe conditions.
- SBA standard assuming misuse such as when a battery is packed in a wooden box, etc.
- the current lithium ion secondary battery is short-circuited when nail inserted, and a large current flows through the nail and the temperature rapidly rises.
- the temperature is 150 ° C. or higher, the polyolefin microporous film is melted and short-circuited over the entire surface.
- Non-Patent Document 1 When the temperature is further increased and the entire surface is short-circuited, the positive electrode material is thermally decomposed to release oxygen, and the organic solvent is violently burned, leading to thermal runaway (Non-Patent Document 1).
- a microporous membrane made of an olefin resin such as commercially available polyethylene or polypropylene is used as a separator, in a severe state such as a nail piercing, it melts down (melts) and the battery runs out of control. There is a risk of causing it (Non-Patent Document 2).
- lithium ion secondary batteries contain the danger of heat generation, and the risk increases with higher capacity, so battery technology is required to achieve both higher battery capacity and safety. It is.
- Patent Document 1 Concerning safety improvement, as a method for improving the safety of a battery at a high temperature, for example, a method of improving the temperature characteristics by modifying graphite used for a negative electrode with an organic substance (Patent Document 1), There is a method using a substance (Patent Document 2). Moreover, as a method of improving the safety
- Patent Documents 1 to 5 have a risk of deteriorating battery performance, such as modification of the active material itself or addition of an impurity compound. For this reason, improvement of the safety
- the present inventors have In the lithium ion secondary battery, it was found that the thermal runaway due to the internal short circuit of the battery can be suppressed by using a specific binder and a heat-resistant separator in combination, and the present invention was completed through further studies.
- the present invention includes, for example, the subject matters described in the following sections.
- a lithium ion secondary battery comprising a positive electrode having a positive electrode active material layer on a current collector and a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material layer on a current collector through a separator impregnated with a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the positive electrode active material layer is a layer containing a positive electrode active material and a binder
- the negative electrode active material layer is a layer containing a negative electrode active material and a binder
- the negative electrode active material layer contains a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and an alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid as a binder
- the separator is a separator comprising an inorganic compound on a polymer substrate (preferably a separator in which a polymer substrate is coated or filled with an inorganic compound), or has a melting point or glass transition temperature of 140 ° C. or higher (preferably from 140 ° C.
- a lithium ion secondary battery which is a separator made of a high polymer. Item 2.
- the positive electrode active material layer contains a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and an alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid as a binder (preferably, the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode negative electrode active material layer are 2.
- the negative electrode active material layer is, as a binder, at least one ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid alkali metal neutralized product selected from the group consisting of alkali metal acrylate neutralized products and alkali metal methacrylate neutralized products; Including a copolymer with vinyl alcohol (preferably, the positive electrode active material layer is at least selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal neutralized acrylate and an alkali metal methacrylate neutralized as a binder
- the lithium ion secondary battery according to Item 1 or 2 comprising a copolymer of one kind of alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and vinyl alcohol.
- the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer is T [ ⁇ m]
- the content of the binder present in the region is 25 to 50% by mass, and is present in the region having a thickness T / 2 [ ⁇ m] from the surface side of the negative electrode active material layer (that is, the side opposite to the current collector side).
- Item 4. The lithium ion secondary battery according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the content of the binder is 50 to 75% by mass. Item 5.
- the inorganic compound is selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, boron nitride, aluminum sulfate, calcium sulfate, talc, bentonite, zeolite, kaolin, mica, montmorillonite, and glass.
- Item 5. The lithium ion secondary battery according to any one of Items 1 to 4, which is at least one selected.
- the polymer substrate is at least one polymer substrate selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, and ethylene-propylene copolymer.
- Item 7. The lithium ion secondary battery according to any one of Items 1 to 6, wherein the polymer substrate is a polymer substrate having a microporous membrane shape or a nonwoven fabric shape.
- Item 8. The lithium ion secondary battery according to any one of Items 1 to 7, wherein the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer is 20 to 300 ⁇ m.
- Item 9. The negative electrode active material layer contains a conductive additive, and the content of the binder with respect to the total amount (100% by mass) of the negative electrode active material, the binder, and the conductive additive contained in the layer. Item 9.
- the positive electrode active material layer contains a conductive additive, and the content of the binder with respect to the total amount (100% by mass) of the positive electrode active material, the binder, and the conductive additive contained in the layer.
- Item 10. The lithium ion secondary battery according to any one of Items 1 to 9, wherein 0.5 to 30% by mass and the content of the conductive auxiliary agent is 0.1 to 30% by mass.
- Item 11 Item 11.
- the polymer is aramid, polyimide, polyamideimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetherimide, polyphenylene ether ( Polyphenylene oxide), polybenzimidazole, polyarylate, polyacetal, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ketone, polyester, polyethylene naphthalate, and ethylene-cycloolefin copolymer are at least one selected from items 1 to The lithium ion secondary battery according to any one of 11. Item 13. Item 13. An electronic device comprising the lithium ion secondary battery according to any one of Items 1 to 12.
- the lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention is different from the conventional battery which has generated heat suddenly at the time of an internal short circuit due to an external impact such as nail penetration or crushing, or a short circuit due to foreign matter contamination, etc. Even underneath, instantaneous heat generation can be reduced. Therefore, the lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention has improved safety compared to conventional batteries, and it is possible to achieve both high capacity and safety of the battery, thereby expanding the usage applications. It becomes.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode having a positive electrode active material layer and a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material layer through a separator impregnated with a nonaqueous electrolyte (preferably, the positive electrode and the negative electrode).
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are each supported on a current collector by a binder with an active material (negative electrode active material or positive electrode active material). It is an electrode,
- the said negative electrode active material layer contains the copolymer of vinyl alcohol and an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid alkali metal neutralized material as a binder.
- the positive electrode active material layer may contain a known binder for lithium ion secondary battery electrodes (for example, PVDF) as a binder, or neutralized vinyl alcohol and alkali metal ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid. And a copolymer thereof.
- the copolymer contained in the negative electrode and the copolymer contained in the positive electrode may be the same or different.
- the electrode (the negative electrode and the positive electrode) has an active material supported by a binder on one or both sides of a current collector (particularly a current collector made of a plate or foil-like material). It is preferable to become.
- the electrode has a two-layer structure of a current collector and an active material layer, or a structure in which a current collector is sandwiched between active material layers (sandwich structure).
- the shape of the electrode is not particularly limited, and various shapes including an indefinite shape can be taken within the range having the above structure. For example, a flat plate or a wound (particularly cylindrical) shape can be preferably taken.
- the active material layer is laminated on the current collector, more specifically, a layer containing an active material, a binder, and, if necessary, a conductive aid.
- stacking can be formed by applying the mixture (electrode mixture) which contains an active material, a binder, and a conductive support agent further as needed, for example.
- the separator is a polymer substrate containing an inorganic compound or a polymer having a melting point or glass transition temperature of 140 ° C. or higher.
- the lithium ion secondary battery having such a structure is short-circuited, the lithium ion secondary battery is not completely discharged instantaneously and can suppress an increase in battery temperature.
- Internal short circuit due to mechanical factors means a short circuit due to contact between the positive electrode and the negative electrode due to nail penetration, contamination, or crushing.
- the contact includes that the positive electrode and the negative electrode are electrically connected via a nail or a foreign object.
- the binder is used for binding the active materials to each other or between the active material and the current collector.
- the binder is used for binding the active materials to each other or between the active material and the current collector.
- an electrode mixture containing an active material and a binder especially referred to as an electrode slurry when it is in the form of a slurry
- a good active material layer can be formed.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- a copolymer of at least vinyl alcohol and an alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is used as a binder for the negative electrode.
- a known binder for example, PVDF
- a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and an alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid may be preferably used.
- the binder of the present invention is considered to function as a substance that coats the active material of the electrode (positive electrode and negative electrode) and prevents short-circuiting in the electrode without deteriorating battery performance.
- a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid alkali metal neutralized product is obtained by, for example, converting a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a vinyl ester and an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester with an alkali metal. It can be obtained by saponification in a mixed solvent of an aqueous organic solvent and water in the presence of an alkali. In other words, vinyl alcohol itself is unstable and cannot be used as a monomer directly. However, by saponifying a polymer obtained using vinyl ester as a monomer, the resulting polymer will be vinyl as a result. It is an embodiment in which alcohol is polymerized as a monomer.
- vinyl ester examples include vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl pivalate and the like, and vinyl acetate is preferable because the saponification reaction easily proceeds. These vinyl esters may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester examples include methyl ester, ethyl ester, n-propyl ester, iso-propyl ester, n-butyl ester and t-butyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. Methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate are preferred because the reaction proceeds easily.
- One of these ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid esters may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- copolymerize other ethylenically unsaturated monomers and crosslinking agents copolymerizable with vinyl esters and ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid esters as required.
- other copolymers such as styrene-butadiene copolymer (SBR), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) are also used. It is possible.
- the saponification reaction when the vinyl acetate / methyl acrylate copolymer is saponified 100% with potassium hydroxide (KOH) is shown below.
- the copolymer of vinyl alcohol and the alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is a random copolymer of vinyl ester and ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, A substance obtained by saponifying an ester moiety derived from a monomer, and a bond between monomers is a CC covalent bond. (Hereinafter, it may be described as a saponified vinyl ester / ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester copolymer. In addition, “/” in this case indicates random copolymerization.)
- the molar ratio of vinyl ester to ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester is preferably 9: 1 to 1: 9, and 8: 2 ⁇ 2: 8 is more preferred. If the ratio is outside the range of 9: 1 to 1: 9, the polymer obtained after saponification may have insufficient holding power as a binder.
- the copolymer composition ratio (vinyl alcohol: ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid alkali metal neutralized product) is molar ratio. Is preferably 9: 1 to 1: 9, more preferably 8: 2 to 2: 8.
- the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid alkali metal neutralized product is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metal acrylate neutralized products and alkali metal methacrylic acid neutralized products.
- alkali metal of the alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and the like, preferably potassium and sodium.
- Particularly preferred ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid alkali metal neutralized product is selected from the group consisting of sodium acrylate neutralized product, potassium acrylate neutralized product, sodium methacrylate neutralized product, and potassium methacrylate neutralized product. At least one.
- the vinyl ester / ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester copolymer which is a precursor of a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and an alkali metal neutralized product of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid And obtained by a suspension polymerization method in which a monomer mainly composed of vinyl ester and ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester is suspended in an aqueous dispersant solution containing a polymerization catalyst to form polymer particles.
- a suspension polymerization method in which a monomer mainly composed of vinyl ester and ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester is suspended in an aqueous dispersant solution containing a polymerization catalyst to form polymer particles.
- polymerization catalyst examples include organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide and lauryl peroxide, and azo compounds such as azobisisobutyronitrile and azobisdimethylvaleronitrile, and lauryl peroxide is particularly preferable.
- the addition amount of the polymerization catalyst is preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 3% by mass, and further preferably 0.1 to 3% by mass with respect to the total mass of the monomers.
- the amount is less than 0.01% by mass, the polymerization reaction may not be completed.
- the amount exceeds 5% by mass, the final binder of a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and an alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is obtained. The effect may not be sufficient.
- the dispersant used for the polymerization may be selected from appropriate substances depending on the type and amount of the monomer used. Specifically, polyvinyl alcohol (partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol, fully saponified polyvinyl alcohol) may be used. ), Poly (meth) acrylic acid and salts thereof, water-soluble polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, and hydroxypropylcellulose; water-insoluble inorganic compounds such as calcium phosphate and magnesium silicate. These dispersants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the dispersant used is preferably 0.01 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers, although it depends on the type of monomer used. .
- water-soluble salts such as alkali metals and alkaline earth metals can be added to adjust the surface active effect of the dispersant.
- examples include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, lithium chloride, anhydrous sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, trisodium phosphate, and tripotassium phosphate.
- a salt may be used individually by 1 type and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the amount of water-soluble salt used is usually 0.01 to 10% by mass with respect to the mass of the aqueous dispersant solution, although it depends on the type and amount of the dispersant used.
- the temperature for polymerizing the monomer is preferably ⁇ 20 to + 20 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 10 to + 10 ° C. with respect to the 10-hour half-life temperature of the polymerization catalyst.
- the 10 hour half-life temperature of lauryl peroxide is about 62 ° C.
- the polymerization reaction may not be completed.
- the temperature exceeds + 20 ° C., a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is obtained. The binding effect may not be sufficient.
- the time for polymerizing the monomer is usually several hours to several tens of hours, although it depends on the type, amount and polymerization temperature of the polymerization catalyst used.
- the copolymer After completion of the polymerization reaction, the copolymer is separated by a method such as centrifugation or filtration, and obtained as a water-containing cake.
- the obtained water-containing cake-like copolymer can be used as it is or after drying if necessary and used for the saponification reaction.
- the number average molecular weight of the polymer in the present specification is a value determined by a molecular weight measuring apparatus equipped with a GFC column (for example, OHpak manufactured by Shodex) using DMF as a solvent.
- a molecular weight measuring apparatus equipped with a GFC column (for example, OHpak manufactured by Shodex) using DMF as a solvent.
- Examples of such a molecular weight measuring device include 2695 manufactured by Waters Co., Ltd. and RI detector 2414.
- the number average molecular weight of the copolymer before saponification is preferably 10,000 to 10,000,000, and more preferably 50,000 to 5,000,000.
- the number average molecular weight of the copolymer before saponification within the range of 10,000 to 10,000,000, the binding force as a binder tends to be further improved. Therefore, even if the electrode mixture is a slurry, thick coating of the slurry is facilitated.
- the saponification reaction can be performed, for example, in the presence of an alkali containing an alkali metal, only in an aqueous organic solvent, or in a mixed solvent of an aqueous organic solvent and water.
- an alkali containing the alkali metal used in the saponification reaction known alkalis can be used, but alkali metal hydroxides are preferred, and sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are preferred from the viewpoint of high reactivity. Particularly preferred.
- the amount of the alkali is preferably 60 to 140 mol%, more preferably 80 to 120 mol%, based on the total number of moles of monomers. If the amount of alkali is less than 60 mol%, saponification may be insufficient, and even if it exceeds 140 mol%, no further effect is obtained and it is not economical.
- an aqueous organic solvent or a mixed solvent of an aqueous organic solvent and water examples include lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, and t-butanol; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; and mixtures thereof.
- Lower alcohols are preferred, and in particular, methanol is obtained because a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and an alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid having excellent binding effect and excellent resistance to mechanical shearing is obtained. And ethanol are preferred.
- the mass ratio of the aqueous organic solvent to water (aqueous organic solvent: water) in the mixed solvent of the aqueous organic solvent and water is preferably 2: 8 to 10: 0, and more preferably 3: 7 to 8: 2.
- the solvent affinity of the copolymer before saponification or the solvent affinity of the copolymer after saponification is insufficient, and the saponification reaction proceeds sufficiently. You may not be able to.
- the amount of the aqueous organic solvent is less than 2: 8, not only the binding power as a binder is lowered, but also the viscosity is significantly increased during the saponification reaction, so that the vinyl ester / ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is industrially used. It becomes difficult to obtain a saponified ester copolymer.
- the temperature at which the vinyl ester / ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester copolymer is saponified is preferably 20 to 80 ° C., more preferably 20 to 60 ° C., although it depends on the molar ratio of the monomers.
- saponification is performed at a temperature lower than 20 ° C., the saponification reaction may not be completed, and when the temperature exceeds 80 ° C., side reactions such as molecular weight reduction due to alkali may occur.
- the saponification reaction time varies depending on the type and amount of alkali used, but the reaction is usually completed in about several hours.
- a dispersion of a paste or slurry copolymer saponified product is usually obtained.
- Solid liquid-liquid separation by a conventionally known method such as centrifugation or filtration, and drying the saponified liquid-containing copolymer obtained by washing well with a lower alcohol such as methanol, gives spherical single particles or spherical particles.
- a copolymer saponified product that is, a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and an alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid can be obtained as agglomerated aggregated particles.
- the copolymer saponification product is acid-treated with an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid; an organic acid such as formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, and the like.
- an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid
- an organic acid such as formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, and the like.
- alkali metal such as lithium oxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, francium hydroxide, etc. (ie, different alkali metals), vinyl alcohol and ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid
- a copolymer of the acid-alkali metal neutralized product can also be obtained.
- the conditions for drying the saponified liquid-containing copolymer are usually preferably dried at a temperature of 30 to 120 ° C. under normal pressure or reduced pressure.
- the drying time is usually several hours to several tens of hours depending on the pressure and temperature during drying.
- the volume average particle diameter of the copolymer of vinyl alcohol and alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less. If it is less than 1 ⁇ m, the binding effect is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 200 ⁇ m, the aqueous thickener becomes non-uniform and the binding effect may be reduced.
- the volume average particle size of the copolymer was determined by installing a batch cell (SALD-BC, manufactured by Shimadzu Corp., SALD-7BC) in a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) and using 2-propanol or It is the value measured using methanol.
- the volume average particle diameter of the obtained copolymer saponified product exceeds 200 ⁇ m
- the volume average is obtained by pulverization by a conventionally known pulverization method such as mechanical milling treatment.
- the particle diameter can be adjusted to 1 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less.
- Mechanical milling is a method in which external forces such as impact, tension, friction, compression, and shear are applied to the obtained saponified copolymer.
- the equipment for this purpose includes rolling mills, vibration mills, planetary mills, rocking mills.
- a dynamic mill, a horizontal mill, an attritor mill, a jet mill, a crusher, a homogenizer, a fluidizer, a paint shaker, a mixer and the like can be mentioned.
- a planetary mill is one in which copolymer saponified powder is pulverized or mixed by mechanical energy generated by rotating and revolving a copolymer saponified product and balls together in a container. According to this method, it is known that the material is pulverized to the nano order.
- a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and an alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid As a thickening effect in a binder of a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and an alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and an alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is used.
- the viscosity of the aqueous solution containing 1% by mass is preferably 50 mPa ⁇ s to 10000 mPa ⁇ s, and more preferably 50 to 5000 mPa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity of the prepared slurry-like electrode mixture becomes too low and the coating spreads when applied to the current collector, making coating difficult, There is a possibility that the dispersibility of the active material and the conductive additive in the mixture may deteriorate.
- the viscosity exceeds 10,000 mPa ⁇ s, the viscosity of the prepared mixture may be too high, and it may be difficult to apply thinly and uniformly to the current collector.
- the viscosity of the 1% by mass aqueous solution is a rotational viscometer (model DV-I +) manufactured by BROOKFIELD, spindle no. It is a value measured at 5, 50 rpm (liquid temperature 25 ° C.).
- a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and a neutralized alkali metal of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid can function as a binder for a lithium ion secondary battery electrode having excellent binding power and binding durability.
- the reason is that a limited interpretation is not desired, but the copolymer of vinyl alcohol and alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid strongly strengthens the current collector, the active material, and the active materials.
- the lithium ion secondary battery electrode mixture (preferably electrode slurry) of the present embodiment is different from a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and an alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid as a binder.
- An aqueous binder or the like may be added.
- the content of the other aqueous binder and the like is 80 with respect to the total mass of the copolymer of vinyl alcohol and the alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and the other aqueous binder. It is preferable that it is less than mass%.
- the content ratio of the copolymer of the vinyl alcohol and the alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid in the total binder contained in the electrode mixture is 20% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less. preferable.
- water-based binder materials include carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), acrylic resin, sodium polyacrylate, sodium alginate, polyimide (PI), polyamide, polyamideimide, polyacryl, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). , Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), etc., may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- PI polyimide
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- PVA Polyvinyl alcohol
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer
- acrylic resin sodium polyacrylate, sodium alginate, polyamide, polyamideimide, and polyimide are preferably used, and acrylic resin is particularly preferably used.
- a positive electrode active material used in this technical field can be used.
- a negative electrode active material there is no limitation in particular as a negative electrode active material, The material which can occlude / release lithium ion can be used.
- a negative electrode active material Li, Na, C (eg, graphite), Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Y , Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, W, Pb and Bi, at least one element selected from the group consisting of these elements, alloys, oxides, and chalcogens using these elements A halide or a halide.
- a negative electrode active material can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the discharge plateau region can be observed within the range of 0 to 1 V (vs. lithium potential), and C is more preferable from the viewpoint of cycle life characteristics.
- C include carbon materials such as graphite, hard carbon, and soft carbon.
- a material obtained by mixing or combining these carbon materials and other materials capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium may be used.
- a composite active material including a silicon-containing material in which graphite and Si are composited or a tin-containing material in which hard carbon and Sn are composited the effect of the present embodiment is more preferably exhibited. it can.
- the conductive auxiliary agent is not particularly limited as long as it has electronic conductivity, but carbon powder is preferable.
- the carbon powder include acetylene black (AB), ketjen black (KB), graphite, carbon fiber, carbon tube, graphene, amorphous carbon, hard carbon, soft carbon, glassy carbon, carbon nanofiber, and carbon nanotube.
- Examples thereof include carbon materials such as (CNT). These may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together. Among these, from the viewpoint of improving conductivity, carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes are preferable, and carbon nanotubes are more preferable.
- carbon nanotubes When carbon nanotubes are used as the conductive additive, the content thereof is not particularly limited, but for example, it is preferably 30 to 100% by mass, more preferably 40 to 100% by mass of the total conductive auxiliary. When the content of the carbon nanotube is less than 30% by mass, a sufficient conductive path is not ensured between the electrode active material and the current collector, and a sufficient conductive path may not be formed particularly in high-speed charge / discharge. Absent.
- Carbon nanofiber refers to a fibrous material having a thickness of several nanometers to several hundred nanometers. Those having a hollow structure are particularly called carbon nanotubes, and there are types such as single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. These are produced by various methods such as a vapor phase growth method, an arc discharge method, and a laser evaporation method, but the method is not limited.
- the electrode mixture may further contain a dispersion aid as necessary.
- a dispersion aid By including the dispersion aid, the dispersibility of the active material and the conductive aid in the mixture is preferably increased.
- the dispersion aid an organic acid having a molecular weight of 100,000 or less that is soluble in an aqueous solution having a pH of 7 or more and 13 or less is preferable. Among these organic acids, it preferably contains a carboxyl group and at least one of a hydroxy group, an amino group, or an imino group.
- Specific examples include, but are not limited to, compounds having a carboxyl group and a hydroxy group, such as lactic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, glycolic acid, tartronic acid, glucuronic acid, and humic acid; glycine, alanine Compounds having a carboxyl group and an amino group such as phenylalanine, 4-aminobutyric acid, leucine, isoleucine, and lysine; compounds having a plurality of carboxyl groups and amino groups such as glutamic acid and aspartic acid; proline, 3- Compounds having a carboxyl group and an imino group such as hydroxyproline, 4-hydroxyproline and pipecolic acid; compounds having a carboxyl group such as glutamine, asparagine, cysteine, histidine and tryptophan and a functional group other than the hydroxy group and amino group Kind It is.
- glucuronic acid, humic acid, glycine, aspart such
- the slurry for water-dispersed lithium ion secondary battery electrodes may have a pH of 7 or more due to the influence of lithium hydroxide derived from the active material, alkaline components derived from the binder, and the like. It is important that the dispersion aid is soluble in an aqueous solution having a pH of 7 or higher.
- the molecular weight of the dispersion aid is preferably a molecular weight of 100,000 or less from the viewpoint of water solubility. When the molecular weight exceeds 100,000, the hydrophobicity of the molecules becomes strong, and the uniformity of the slurry may be impaired.
- the electrode can be produced using a technique used in this technical field. For example, it can be produced by providing the electrode mixture on the current collector. More specifically, for example, the electrode mixture can be produced by coating (and drying if necessary) on the current collector. Furthermore, the coating film of the mixture may be tightly bonded to the current collector by a press machine (for example, a roll press machine). In this case, it can also be said that the electrode includes the mixture layer (a layer containing the mixture) on the current collector.
- An electrode is a member for converting chemical energy into electrical energy. Oxidation and reduction reactions of the active material in the electrode occur with charge / discharge.
- the negative electrode is an electrode that undergoes a reaction that occludes or lithiates lithium ions during charging and releases or delithiates lithium during discharging.
- the positive electrode is an electrode in which lithium ions are released or delithiated at the time of charging, and lithium is absorbed or lithiated at the time of discharging.
- the current collector of the negative electrode is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that has electronic conductivity and can conduct electricity to the held negative electrode active material.
- conductive materials such as C, Cu, Ni, Fe, V, Nb, Ti, Cr, Mo, Ru, Rh, Ta, W, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, and AI, and two types of these conductive materials
- An alloy containing the above for example, stainless steel
- the current collector is preferably Cu, Ni, stainless steel or the like, and more preferably Cu or Ni from the viewpoint of material cost.
- the current collector of the positive electrode is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that has electronic conductivity and can conduct electricity to the held positive electrode material.
- conductive materials such as C, Ti, Cr, Mo, Ru, Rh, Ta, W, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, and Al, and alloys containing two or more of these conductive materials (for example, stainless steel ) Can be used.
- the current collector is preferably C, Al, stainless steel or the like, and more preferably Al from the viewpoint of material cost.
- the shape of the current collector is preferably a plate or foil, and a plate or foil made of the above material can be preferably exemplified.
- the negative electrode is, for example, a mixture of a negative electrode active material, a binder, water, and a conductive aid or dispersion aid added as necessary (a negative electrode mixture), preferably a slurry (negative electrode) Slurry) is applied to a current collector, temporarily dried, and then heat treated.
- the binder used in the preparation of the slurry may be pre-dissolved in water, or the active material, conductive aid, binder, and dispersion aid powder are mixed in advance, and then water is added and mixed. Also good.
- Water is used as a medium for dissolving the binder and dispersing the active material and the conductive assistant.
- a dispersion aid it is preferable to add to the slurry.
- the concentration of the solid content of the slurry is not particularly limited.
- the total solid content in the slurry is 100 mass. % Is preferably 20% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less, and more preferably 30% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less. If it is slurry of said solid content density
- the electrode drying is not particularly limited as long as the solvent in the slurry can be volatilized and removed, and examples thereof include a method of performing a heat treatment in the atmosphere at a temperature of 50 to 300 ° C.
- Examples of the drying method include natural drying, warm air drying, heat drying, and far-infrared radiation drying, and any method may be used.
- the amount of binder distributed in the negative electrode active material layer is 100% by mass and the distance from the current collector surface to the active material layer surface is T
- the amount of binder per unit thickness is 25 to 50% by mass in the region from the surface of the electric body to T / 2 (the region near the current collector surface in the negative electrode active material layer), and the region from the surface of the active material layer to T / 2 (in the negative electrode active material layer) It is preferably 50 to 75% by mass in a region close to the surface of the active material layer).
- the amount of the binder in the region from the current collector surface to T / 2 is 25% by mass or more, the active material layer tends to be particularly difficult to peel from the current collector.
- the electronic conductivity of the electrode surface becomes especially low, and there is a tendency that heat generation at the time of a short circuit is difficult to increase. Further, it is 30 to 50% by mass in the region from the current collector surface to T / 2, and 50 in the region from the active material layer surface to T / 2 (region close to the active material layer surface in the negative electrode active material layer). It is preferable that the amount be ⁇ 70 mass%.
- negative electrode active material layers those having a binder concentration gradient structure are particularly preferable.
- a concentration gradient in which the binder concentration in the cross section of the negative electrode active material layer increases (preferably continuously) from the current collector side toward the active material layer surface is obtained.
- a certain negative electrode can be obtained.
- the electron conductivity on the electrode surface becomes lower, and thus heat generation at the time of secondary battery short-circuiting is preferably reduced.
- the amount of binder distributed in the electrode active material layer is measured by a field emission electron beam microanalyzer (FE-EPMA) method.
- FE-EPMA field emission electron beam microanalyzer
- the negative electrode active material layer is preferably formed within a thickness range of 20 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is 20 ⁇ m or more, in addition to an increase in electrode capacity density, a rise in battery temperature during a short circuit tends to be particularly suppressed.
- the thickness is 300 ⁇ m or less, the electrical resistivity is not high, charging / discharging does not take time, and the volume change is difficult to increase, so that the life characteristics are preferable, and sufficient battery performance can be preferably exhibited.
- the content of the conductive auxiliary is preferably 5% by mass or less (that is, more than 0% by mass and 5% by mass or less) with respect to the total mass of the active material, the conductive auxiliary and the binder, 0.01 to 5 About mass% is preferable, about 0.1 to 4 mass% is more preferable, and 0.5 to 3 mass% is more preferable. That is, although a conductive support agent is contained as necessary, the amount is preferably 5% or less. When content of a conductive support agent exceeds 5 mass%, there exists a tendency for the temperature rise of the battery at the time of a battery short circuit to become high.
- the ratio of the active material is relatively reduced, it is difficult to obtain a high capacity at the time of charging / discharging of the battery, and it is difficult to uniformly disperse because carbon repels water.
- the increase in the conductive additive content increases the surface area of the active material and the conductive additive as a whole, thus increasing the amount of binder used, etc. It is relatively unfavorable in terms.
- the content of the binder is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.5% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the negative electrode active material, the conductive auxiliary agent, and the binder. It is preferably 1% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, more preferably 1.5% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less.
- the amount of the binder is too much, the impedance of the electrode becomes too large and the input / output characteristics tend to be lacking.
- the ratio of the active material is relatively reduced, it tends to be difficult to obtain a high capacity during charge / discharge of the battery.
- the content of the dispersion auxiliary agent is 0.01% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the negative electrode active material, the binder, and the conductive auxiliary agent, the active material and the like can be efficiently used at the time of preparing the active material dispersion. And can be finely dispersed effectively. In order to maintain fine dispersion and dispersion stability, the content of 5.0% by mass or less is sufficient.
- the positive electrode is, for example, a mixture of a positive electrode active material, a binder, a solvent, and a conductive auxiliary agent and a dispersion auxiliary agent added as necessary (a positive electrode mixture), preferably a slurry (positive electrode) Slurry) is applied to a current collector, temporarily dried, and then heat treated.
- a known binder for producing a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery can be used.
- PVDF, PTFE and the like can be preferably exemplified.
- a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and an alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid can be preferably used.
- Water can be used as a medium for dissolving the binder and dispersing the active material and the conductive assistant.
- the production of the slurry can be performed, for example, in the same manner as the production of the slurry in the negative electrode.
- the solid content of the slurry is not particularly limited.
- the total solid content in the slurry is 100% by mass. In this case, 20% by mass to 80% by mass is preferable, and 30% by mass to 70% by mass is more preferable. If it is slurry of said solid content density
- the electrode drying is not particularly limited as long as the solvent in the slurry can be volatilized and removed, and examples thereof include a method of performing a heat treatment in the atmosphere at a temperature of 50 to 300 ° C. Drying methods include natural drying, warm air drying, and far-infrared radiation drying, and there is no problem even if any method is used.
- the content of the conductive auxiliary is preferably about 0.1 to 30% by mass, more preferably about 0.5 to 20% by mass with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material, the conductive auxiliary and the binder. 1 to 10% by mass is more preferable. That is, it is preferable that the conductive assistant is contained at 30% by mass or less and at least 0.1% by mass or more.
- the active material ratio is relatively decreased, so that it is difficult to obtain a high capacity during charging / discharging of the battery, and it is difficult to uniformly disperse because carbon repels water.
- the input / output characteristics of the battery are preferably improved.
- the content of the binder is not particularly limited, but for example, it is preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode active material, the conductive additive, and the binder, It is more preferably 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, and further preferably 1.5% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less.
- the amount of the binder is too much, the impedance of the electrode becomes too large and the input / output characteristics tend to be lacking.
- the ratio of the active material is relatively reduced, it is difficult to obtain a high capacity during charging / discharging of the battery.
- the amount is too small, the cycle life characteristics due to insufficient binding force and the aggregation due to insufficient viscosity of the slurry tend to occur.
- the content of the dispersion aid is 0.01% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the active material, the binder, and the conductive aid, the active material and the like can be efficiently used at the time of preparing the active material dispersion. It can be finely dispersed effectively. In order to maintain fine dispersion and dispersion stability, the content of 5.0% by mass or less is sufficient.
- the electrode (positive electrode or negative electrode) thus obtained is joined to a counter electrode (negative electrode or positive electrode) via a separator, and sealed in a state of being immersed in an electrolytic solution to form a secondary battery.
- a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and an alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is used as a binder for the negative electrode.
- the temperature of the battery may increase.
- a microporous film made of commercially available olefin resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene
- the battery is melted down (melted) in a severe state such as a nail piercing. May cause thermal runaway.
- a separator comprising a vinyl alcohol and an alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid as a negative electrode binder, and a separator comprising an inorganic compound in a polymer substrate as a separator, or a melting point or glass
- a separator made of a polymer having a transition temperature of 140 ° C. or higher heat generation when the secondary battery is short-circuited is preferably suppressed.
- the separator is preferably a material that can withstand the use environment of the lithium ion secondary battery and is a heat-resistant separator (heat-resistant separator).
- the heat-resistant separator is a separator that does not melt even when left at 140 ° C. for 10 minutes, and preferably does not melt when left at 160 ° C. for 10 minutes, more preferably at 180 ° C. for 10 minutes. Is preferred.
- the separator used in the present invention is preferably a separator that has been heat-treated so as not to be completely melted.
- a separator comprising an inorganic compound in a polymer substrate (the polymer substrate is coated with an inorganic compound or formed into a polymer substrate). It is preferable that the inorganic compound is filled; an inorganic compound coating or a filled polymer substrate).
- inorganic compounds include inorganic oxides, and metal oxides are particularly preferable.
- Other examples include metal nitrides, sulfates, clay minerals, and glass (preferably glass fibers).
- inorganic oxides particularly metal oxides
- alumina silica, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, etc .
- metal nitrides aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, boron nitride, etc .
- sulfates aluminum sulfate, sulfuric acid Calcium and the like
- clay minerals include talc, bentonite, zeolite, kaolin, mica, montmorillonite and the like. Of these, inorganic oxides are preferable, and metal oxides are more preferable.
- These inorganic compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the separator used in the present invention can be manufactured by various methods.
- coating the solution containing an inorganic compound (preferably inorganic filler) etc. to at least one or both of a polymer base material, and drying is mentioned.
- the method for preparing the solution is not particularly limited as long as the solution characteristics or dispersibility necessary for the coating process can be maintained.
- a ball mill, a bead mill, a homogenizer, a high-speed impact mill, ultrasonic dispersion, mechanical stirring with a stirring blade, or the like can be given.
- the application method is not particularly limited. For example, a screen printing method, a spray coating method, a bar coating method, a gravure coating method, and the like can be given.
- examples of the method for removing the solvent from the solution applied to the substrate include a method by heat drying and a method by solvent substitution, but the method is not particularly limited as long as it does not cause deterioration of the separator characteristics to be generated. Not.
- Examples of the shape of the separator include a microporous membrane, a woven fabric, a non-woven fabric, and a green compact. Among these, a microporous membrane shape and a non-woven fabric shape are preferable from the viewpoint of high output characteristics and separator strength.
- the substrate of the separator is not particularly limited as long as it has resistance to the electrolytic solution, but it is preferable to include a heat-resistant polymer substrate that does not melt down due to local heat generation during short circuit.
- polymer base material of the separator examples include materials (resins) such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide, polyamideimide, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and ethylene-propylene copolymer (PE / PP). ) Is preferred.
- resins such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide, polyamideimide, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and ethylene-propylene copolymer (PE / PP).
- NanoBaseX Mitsubishi Paper Co., Ltd. coated with an inorganic oxide on a PET non-woven fabric
- Rielsort manufactured by Teijin Ltd.
- Pervio manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
- a polyolefin base material and an aramid heat-resistant layer are combined can be preferably exemplified.
- a separator made of a polymer having a melting point or a glass transition temperature of 140 ° C. or higher (preferably higher than 140 ° C., more preferably 145 ° C. or higher, more preferably 150 ° C. or higher) is also preferable.
- a separator made of a polymer having a melting point of 140 ° C. or higher (preferably higher than 140 ° C., more preferably 145 ° C. or higher, more preferably 150 ° C. or higher) is preferable.
- Examples of the polymer having a melting point or glass transition temperature of 140 ° C. or higher include, for example, aramid, polyimide, polyamideimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polysulfone Examples include ether imide, polyphenylene ether (polyphenylene oxide), polybenzimidazole, polyarylate, polyacetal, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ketone, polyester, polyethylene naphthalate, and ethylene-cycloolefin copolymer. These can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the electrolyte of the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention may be a solid electrolyte or an ionic liquid, and is preferably an electrolytic solution obtained by mixing an electrolyte and a solvent.
- the electrolyte salt is not particularly limited as long as it is used in a lithium ion secondary battery, but a lithium salt is preferable. Specifically, this lithium salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate. Can be used.
- Solvents for the electrolyte include propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ⁇ -butyrolactone, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl- At least one selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dioxolane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, diethyl ether, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, nitromethane, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide
- a mixture of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, or ⁇ -butyrolactone is preferable.
- the mixing ratio of the mixture of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate can be arbitrarily adjusted in the range of 10 to 90% by volume for both ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate.
- vinylene carbonate is included as an additive for the electrolytic solution.
- VC vinylene carbonate
- the content of VC in the electrolytic solution is preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 2% by mass, and further preferably 0.75 to 1.5% by mass.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention Since the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention has good safety, it can be used as a power source for various electric devices (including vehicles that use electricity).
- Examples of electrical equipment include air conditioners, washing machines, televisions, refrigerators, computers, tablets, smartphones, computer keyboards, monitors, printers, mice, hard disks, computer peripherals, irons, clothes dryers, transceivers, blowers, music recorders, Music player, oven, range, hot air heater, car navigation system, flashlight, humidifier, portable karaoke machine, air purifier, game machine, blood pressure monitor, coffee mill, coffee maker, kotatsu, kokeshi doll, copy machine, disc changer, radio , Shaver, juicer, shredder, water purifier, lighting equipment, tableware dryer, rice cooker, trouser press, vacuum cleaner, scale, electric carpet, electric kettle, electronic dictionary, electronic notebook, electromagnetic cooker, calculator, electric cart, Electric wheelchairs, power tools, Moving toothbrush, bean paste, clock, intercom, air circulator, electric shock insecticide, hot plate, toaster, water heater, grinding machine, soldering iron, video camera, video deck, facsimile, futon dryer, mixer, sewing machine, mochi machine , Water cooler
- the obtained polymer was dissolved in DMF and then filtered through a membrane filter (ADVANTEC, pore size: 0.45 ⁇ m), and a molecular weight measuring apparatus (Waters, Inc.) equipped with a GFC column (manufactured by Shodex, OHpak). Manufactured, 2695, RI detector 2414), the molecular weight was measured and calculated, and the number average molecular weight was 188,000.
- Production Example 2 Synthesis of Copolymer of Vinyl Alcohol and Neutralized Ethylenically Unsaturated Carboxylic Acid
- a reaction vessel similar to Production Example 1 450 g of methanol, 420 g of water, 132 g of sodium hydroxide (3.3 mol) ) And 288 g of the copolymer (10.4% water content) obtained in Production Example 1 were added and stirred at 30 ° C. for 3 hours to carry out a saponification reaction. After completion of the saponification reaction, the obtained copolymer saponified product was washed with methanol and filtered, dried at 70 ° C.
- the viscosity of a 1% by mass aqueous solution of the obtained copolymer was 1650 mPa ⁇ s, and the copolymer composition ratio of vinyl alcohol and sodium acrylate was about 6: 4 in molar ratio.
- the viscosity of the 1% by mass aqueous solution was measured using a rotational viscometer (model DV-I +) manufactured by BROOKFIELD. The measurement was performed at 5, 50 rpm (liquid temperature 25 ° C.).
- Production of positive electrode (Production Example 4-1) Production of NCM (nickel / manganese / cobalt) positive electrode 90 parts by mass of positive electrode active material (LiNi 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 O 2 : manufactured by Toda Kogyo Co., Ltd.) 6 parts by mass of a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and sodium acrylate obtained in Production Example 3 as a binder, 2 parts by mass of carbon nanotubes (VGCF manufactured by Showa Denko KK) as a conductive agent, Ketjen Black (manufactured by Lion) ECP-300JD) and 2 parts by mass of water and 100 parts by mass of water were mixed to prepare a slurry-like positive electrode mixture.
- positive electrode active material LiNi 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 O 2 : manufactured by Toda Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- VGCF carbon nanotubes
- Ketjen Black manufactured by Lion
- ECP-300JD Ketjen Black
- the obtained mixture is applied onto an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m (manufactured by Fukuda Metals Co., Ltd.). It was.
- a positive electrode was manufactured by performing heat treatment (under reduced pressure at 140 ° C. for 12 hours).
- the positive electrode active material layer in the positive electrode had a thickness of 100 ⁇ m and a weight of 19 mg / cm 2 .
- NCM nickel, manganese, cobalt
- a positive electrode active material LiNiCoMnO 2 : manufactured by Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd.
- PVDF a binder
- carbon nanotubes as a conductive agent
- a slurry-like positive electrode mixture was prepared by mixing 2 parts by mass of Showa Denko Co., Ltd. (VGCF), 2 parts by mass of Ketjen Black (manufactured by Lion, ECP-300JD) and 100 parts by mass of water.
- VGCF Showa Denko Co., Ltd.
- Ketjen Black manufactured by Lion, ECP-300JD
- the obtained mixture is applied onto an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m (manufactured by Fukuda Metals Co., Ltd.). It was.
- a positive electrode was manufactured by performing heat treatment (under reduced pressure at 140 ° C. for 12 hours).
- the positive electrode active material layer in the positive electrode had a thickness of 100 ⁇ m and a weight of 19 mg / cm 2 .
- the obtained mixture was applied onto an electrolytic copper foil (made by Fukuda Metals Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, immediately after that, temporarily dried at 80 ° C., and further subjected to a pressing process to adhere the electrolytic copper foil to the coating film. It was made to join.
- a negative electrode was produced by performing heat treatment (under reduced pressure, 140 ° C., 12 hours).
- the negative electrode active material layer in the negative electrode had a thickness of 67 ⁇ m and a weight of 10 mg / cm 2 .
- Example 1 Production of lithium ion secondary battery
- the positive electrode produced in Production Example 4-1, the negative electrode produced in Production Example 5, and a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) nonwoven fabric were coated with an inorganic oxide (SiO 2 ).
- An inorganic oxide (SiO 2 ) was prepared.
- SEPARION registered trademark
- the electrolyte solution a volume of ethylene carbonate (EC) and the diethyl carbonate (DEC) ratio 1: mixed solvent 1, LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1 mol / L, as further electrolyte additives It is a solution to which 1 part by mass of vinylene carbonate (VC) (based on a total amount of 100 parts by mass of EC, DEC and LiPF 6 ) is added.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- Example 1 a lithium ion battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the separator shown in Table 1 was used instead of SEPARION (registered trademark).
- the separators used in Examples 1 to 5 all have a polymer substrate (polymer layer) coated with an inorganic oxide (inorganic coat layer) (Examples 1 to 3, 5), or It is composed of a polymer having a melting point or glass transition temperature of 140 ° C. or higher (Example 4).
- Comparative Example 4 In Comparative Example 3, a lithium ion battery was similarly used except that a separator (SEPARION (registered trademark), manufactured by EVONIK) coated with an inorganic oxide (SiO 2 ) on a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) nonwoven fabric was used as the separator. was made.
- a separator SEPARION (registered trademark), manufactured by EVONIK
- SiO 2 inorganic oxide
- Comparative Example 6 In Comparative Example 5, a lithium ion battery was similarly used except that a separator (SEPARION (registered trademark), manufactured by EVONIK) coated with an inorganic oxide (SiO 2 ) on a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) nonwoven fabric was used as the separator. was made.
- a separator SEPARION (registered trademark), manufactured by EVONIK
- SiO 2 inorganic oxide
- Example 6 In Production Example 5, the negative electrode was prepared in the same manner except that the amount of graphite used was 96 parts by mass and the amount of the vinyl alcohol / sodium acrylate copolymer obtained in Production Example 3 was changed to 1 part by mass. Produced. A lithium ion battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this negative electrode was used.
- Example 7 In Production Example 5, the negative electrode was prepared in the same manner except that the amount of graphite used was 85 parts by mass, and the amount of the vinyl alcohol / sodium acrylate copolymer obtained in Production Example 3 was changed to 12 parts by mass. Produced. A lithium ion battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this negative electrode was used.
- Example 8 In Production Example 5, a negative electrode was produced in the same manner except that the temporary drying temperature of the electrode was set to 100 ° C. A lithium ion battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this negative electrode was used.
- Example 9 A negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 5 except that the temporary drying temperature of the electrode was 45 ° C.
- a lithium ion battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained negative electrode was used.
- Example 10 A lithium ion battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the positive electrode produced in Production Example 4-2 was used instead of the positive electrode produced in Production Example 4-1.
- a nail penetration test for forcibly generating a short circuit inside the battery was performed on the battery after aging treatment.
- an iron round nail (length: 65 mm, ⁇ 3 mm: built-in thermometer) was pierced and penetrated into the center of the battery at a descending speed of 1 mm / sec.
- the piercing and penetrating operations were performed by first stopping the nail on the prototype battery for 5 seconds, then penetrating the battery and maintaining it for 10 minutes after penetrating the battery.
- a short circuit current flows in the short circuit part, Joule heat is generated, and the battery may cause a thermal runaway.
- the short circuit state can be estimated from the change in the battery voltage at the time of nail penetration, and the short circuit state can be estimated from the change in the cell internal temperature and the thermal stability inside the battery can be evaluated.
- a battery having a small voltage change and a low maximum temperature can be said to be a battery having a higher level of safety with less abnormal heat generation even when a short circuit occurs.
- Tables 1 to 4 the maximum internal temperature (° C.) of the battery during the nail penetration test and the voltage (V) after 10 minutes of nail penetration are shown.
- the voltage (V) before nail penetration is shown on the left side
- the voltage (V) 10 minutes after nail penetration is shown on the right side.
- the maximum internal temperature reached 400 ° C or higher and was completely short-circuited (0V)
- ⁇ voltage change lower than 300 ° C
- ⁇ voltage change
- the batteries of Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, and 5 using PE microporous membranes and PE / PP microporous membranes used as general separators are classified into types of binders. Regardless, a complete short circuit occurred and the internal temperature rose to nearly 500 ° C. Further, the batteries of Comparative Examples 4 and 6 using PVDF and CMC / SBR as the binder with the inorganic coating and the binder were completely short-circuited.
- Example 1 using a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and sodium acrylate as a binder with a specific separator (an inorganic coated separator or a separator made of a polymer having a melting point or glass transition temperature of 140 ° C. or higher). The ⁇ 5 batteries showed a small voltage change, a low maximum temperature, and better battery safety.
- the binder amount of the copolymer of vinyl alcohol and sodium acrylate has an effect of suppressing thermal runaway even in the range of at least 1 part by mass and 12 parts by mass. It was confirmed that there was.
- the results of Examples 8 and 9 suggested that the temporary drying temperature of the electrode is preferably higher.
- FE-EPMA field emission electron beam microanalyzer
- a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and an alkali metal neutralized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, CMC / SBR and PVDF were used.
- the SBR adhesive was Os dyed.
- Each cross section is prepared by CP processing method, and element color mapping is performed by element color mapping with JXA-8500F (manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) (the copolymer is Na, CMC / SBR is Os, PVDF Observed the distribution state of F (fluorine).
- the amount of binder in a specific area was determined with the amount of binder distributed throughout the electrode being 100% by mass.
- Table 5 the distance from the current collector surface to the active material layer surface is T, the region from the current collector to T / 2 is the lower layer, and the region from the active material layer surface to T / 2 is the upper layer. The amount of binder in each region is shown.
- the binder ratio (mass%) of the upper layer and the lower layer was 55:45.
- ⁇ Electrode peeling test> In order to evaluate the peel strength of the electrode, a cellophane tape (conforming to JISZ6050) was adhered to the surface of the negative electrode prepared in Production Example 5, and a 180 degree peel test (conforming to JIS K6854-2) was performed. The peel strength with the layer was evaluated.
- Example 11 The negative electrode produced in Production Example 5 was subjected to FE-EPMA measurement and peeling test. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 12 A negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 5 except that the temporary drying temperature of the electrode was 45 ° C. FE-EPMA measurement and peel test were conducted in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the obtained negative electrode was used. The results are shown in Table 5.
- the distribution of the binder (copolymer of vinyl alcohol and sodium acrylate, CMC / SBR, or PVDF) in the electrode is appropriately set by adjusting the type of binder and the temporary drying temperature, respectively. I found out that I can do it.
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Abstract
Description
リチウムイオン二次電池において、特定の結着剤と耐熱性セパレータを併用することにより、電池の内部短絡による熱暴走を抑制することができることを見出し、さらに検討を重ねて本発明を完成させた。本発明は、例えば以下の項に記載の主題を包含する。
集電体上に正極活物質層を有する正極と、集電体上に負極活物質層を有する負極とを、非水電解液を含浸したセパレータを介して備えたリチウムイオン二次電池であって、
前記正極活物質層が、正極活物質と結着剤とを含む層であり、前記負極活物質層が、負極活物質と結着剤とを含む層であり、
前記負極活物質層が、結着剤としてビニルアルコールとエチレン性不飽和カルボン酸アルカリ金属中和物との共重合体を含み、
前記セパレータが、高分子基材に無機化合物を含んでなるセパレータ(好ましくは高分子基材に無機化合物をコーティングまたは充填したセパレータ)、又は融点若しくはガラス転移温度が140℃以上(好ましくは140℃より高い)の高分子からなるセパレータ、である
リチウムイオン二次電池。
項2.
前記正極活物質層が、結着剤としてビニルアルコールとエチレン性不飽和カルボン酸アルカリ金属中和物との共重合体を含む、(好ましくは、正極活物質層と負極負極活物質層とが、同一の、ビニルアルコールとエチレン性不飽和カルボン酸アルカリ金属中和物との共重合体を含む)項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
項3.
前記負極活物質層が、結着剤として、アクリル酸アルカリ金属中和物およびメタクリル酸アルカリ金属中和物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種のエチレン性不飽和カルボン酸アルカリ金属中和物とビニルアルコールとの共重合体を含む、(好ましくは、且つ前記正極活物質層が、結着剤として、アクリル酸アルカリ金属中和物およびメタクリル酸アルカリ金属中和物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種のエチレン性不飽和カルボン酸アルカリ金属中和物とビニルアルコールとの共重合体を含む)項1又は2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
項4.
前記負極活物質層の厚みをT[μm]とすると、前記負極活物質層に含まれる前記結着剤の全量(100質量%)に対して、前記集電体側から厚みT/2[μm]の領域に存在する前記結着剤の含有量が25~50質量%、前記負極活物質層表面側(つまり、前記集電体側の逆側)から厚みT/2[μm]の領域に存在する前記結着剤の含有量が50~75質量%である、項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
項5.
前記無機化合物が、アルミナ、シリカ、酸化亜鉛、酸化チタン、窒化アルミニウム、窒化ケイ素、窒化チタン、窒化ホウ素、硫酸アルミニウム、硫酸カルシウム、タルク、ベントナイト、ゼオライト、カオリン、マイカ、モンモリロナイト及びガラスからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
項6.
前記高分子基材が、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリアミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリイミド、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、及びエチレン―プロピレン共重合体からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種の高分子の基材である、項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
項7.
前記高分子基材が、微多孔膜状又は不織布形状の高分子基材である項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
項8.
前記負極活物質層の厚みが20~300μmである項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
項9.
前記負極活物質層が導電助剤を含み、該層に含まれる前記負極活物質、前記結着剤及び前記導電助剤の合計量(100質量%)に対して、前記結着剤の含有量が0.5~15質量%、前記導電助剤の含有量が5質量%以下である項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
項10.
前記正極活物質層が導電助剤を含み、該層に含まれる前記正極活物質、前記結着剤及び前記導電助剤の合計量(100質量%)に対して、前記結着剤の含有量が0.5~30質量%、前記導電助剤の含有量が0.1~30質量%である項1~9のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
項11.
前記非水電解液が、ビニレンカーボネートを含む、項1~10のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
項12.
前記融点若しくはガラス転移温度が140℃以上(好ましくは140℃より高い)の高分子からなるセパレータにおける、高分子が、アラミド、ポリイミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリフェニレンエーテル(ポリフェニレンオキシド)、ポリベンズイミダゾール、ポリアリレート、ポリアセタール、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリエステル、ポリエチレンナフタレート、及びエチレン-シクロオレフィン共重合体からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、項1~11のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
項13.
項1~12のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池を備える電子機器。
(結着剤)
結着剤は、活物質同士、あるいは活物質と集電体とを結着するために用いられる。例えば、活物質及び結着剤を含む電極用合剤(スラリー状である場合、特に電極スラリーとよぶ)を調製し、集電体上に当該電極用合剤を塗布し、乾燥させることで、良好な活物質層を形成することができる。
正極活物質としては、本技術分野で使用される正極活物質が使用できる。例えば、リン酸鉄リチウム(LiFePO4)、リン酸マンガンリチウム(LiMnPO4)、リン酸コバルトリチウム(LiCoPO4)、ピロリン酸鉄(Li2FeP2O7)、コバルト酸リチウム複合酸化物(LiCoO2)、スピネル型マンガン酸リチウム複合酸化物(LiMn2O4)、マンガン酸リチウム複合酸化物(LiMnO2)、ニッケル酸リチウム複合酸化物(LiNiO2)、ニオブ酸リチウム複合酸化物(LiNbO2)、鉄酸リチウム複合酸化物(LiFeO2)、マグネシウム酸リチウム複合酸化物(LiMgO2)、カルシウム酸リチウム複合酸化物(LiCaO2)、銅酸リチウム複合酸化物(LiCuO2)、亜鉛酸リチウム複合酸化物(LiZnO2)、モリブデン酸リチウム複合酸化物(LiMoO2)、タンタル酸リチウム複合酸化物(LiTaO2)、タングステン酸リチウム複合酸化物(LiWO2)、リチウム-ニッケル-コバルト-アルミニウム複合酸化物(LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2)、リチウム-ニッケル-コバルト-マンガン複合酸化物(LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 ここで0<x<1,0<y<1,x+y<1)、Li過剰系ニッケル-コバルト-マンガン複合酸化物、酸化マンガンニッケル(LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4)、酸化マンガン(MnO2)、バナジウム系酸化物、硫黄系酸化物、シリケート系酸化物、等が好適に使用される。これらは、1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
負極活物質としては、特に限定はなく、リチウムイオンを吸蔵放出可能な材料を用いることができる。例えば、Li、Na、C(例えば黒鉛等)、Mg、Al、Si、P、K、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Pd、Ag、Cd、In、Sn、Sb、W、Pb及びBiよりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種以上の元素、これらの元素を用いた合金、酸化物、カルコゲン化物又はハロゲン化物等を挙げることができる。このような材料であれば、単体、合金、化合物、固溶体のいずれであってもよい。なお、負極活物質は、1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
導電助剤は、電子導電性を有していれば、特に限定されることはないが、炭素粉末が好ましい。炭素粉末としては、例えば、アセチレンブラック(AB)、ケッチェンブラック(KB)、黒鉛、カーボンファイバー、カーボンチューブ、グラフェン、非晶質炭素、ハードカーボン、ソフトカーボン、グラッシーカーボン、カーボンナノファイバー、カーボンナノチューブ(CNT)等の炭素材料が挙げられる。これらは1種を単独で用いてもよいし、又は2種以上を併用してもよい。これらの中でも導電性向上の観点から、カーボンナノファイバーおよびカーボンナノチューブが好ましく、カーボンナノチューブがより好ましい。導電助剤としてカーボンナノチューブを使用する場合、その含有量については、特に限定的ではないが、例えば、導電助剤全体の30~100質量%が好ましく、40~100質量%がより好ましい。カーボンナノチューブの含有量が30質量%未満では電極活物質と集電体の間に十分な導電経路が確保されず、特に高速充放電において十分な導電経路を形成することができない場合があるため好ましくない。なお、カーボンナノファイバーとは、太さが数nm~数百nmの繊維状材料を言う。中空構造を有するものを特にカーボンナノチューブと言い、単層カーボンナノチューブ、多層カーボンナノチューブなどの種類がある。これらは気相成長法、アーク放電法、レーザー蒸発法などの種々方法により製造されるがその方法は問わない。
前記電極用合剤には、さらに必要に応じて分散助剤が含まれていてもよい。分散助剤が含まれることにより合剤中での活物質や導電助剤の分散性が好ましく高まる。分散助剤としては、pH7以上13以下の水溶液に可溶な、分子量が100,000以下の有機酸が好ましい。これらの有機酸の中でも、カルボキシル基と、ヒドロキシ基、アミノ基またはイミノ基の少なくとも1つを含んでいることが好ましい。特に限定されるものではないが、具体例として、乳酸、酒石酸、クエン酸、リンゴ酸、グリコール酸、タルトロン酸、グルクロン酸、フミン酸などのカルボキシル基とヒドロキシ基とを有する化合物類;グリシン、アラニン、フェニルアラニン、4-アミノ酪酸、ロイシン、イソロイシン、リシン、などのカルボキシル基とアミノ基とを有する化合物類;グルタミン酸、アスパラギン酸などの複数のカルボキシル基とアミノ基とを有する化合物類;プロリン、3-ヒドロキシプロリン、4-ヒドロキシプロリン、ピペコリン酸などのカルボキシル基とイミノ基とを有する化合物類;グルタミン、アスパラギン、システイン、ヒスチジン、トリプトファンなどのカルボキシル基とヒドロキシ基及びアミノ基以外の官能基とを有する化合物類が挙げられる。これらの中でも、入手のしやすさの観点から、グルクロン酸、フミン酸、グリシン、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸が好ましい。
電極は、本技術分野で使用される手法を用いて作製することができる。例えば、電極用合剤を、集電体上に備えさせることにより、作製することができる。より具体的には、例えば当該電極用合剤を集電体上に塗布(及び必要に応じて乾燥)させることにより作製することができる。さらに、プレス機(例えばロールプレス機)により、合剤の塗膜を集電体に密着接合させてもよい。この場合、当該電極は、集電体上に当該合剤層(当該合剤を含む層)を備える、ということもできる。電極は、化学エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換するための部材である。充放電に伴って電極中の活物質の酸化反応や還元反応が起こる。負極は、充電時にリチウムイオンを吸蔵あるいはリチウム化し、放電時は、リチウムを放出あるいは脱リチウム化する反応が起こる電極である。正極は、充電時にリチウムイオンを放出あるいは脱リチウム化し、放電時には、リチウムを吸蔵あるいはリチウム化する反応が起こる電極である。
負極の集電体は、電子伝導性を有し、保持した負極活物質に通電し得る材料であれば特に限定されない。例えば、C、Cu、Ni、Fe、V、Nb、Ti、Cr、Mo、Ru、Rh、Ta、W、Os、Ir、Pt、Au、AI等の導電性物質、これら導電性物質の2種類以上を含有する合金(例えば、ステンレス鋼)を使用し得る。あるいは、導電性物質に異なる導電性物質をめっきしたもの(例えばFeにCuをめっきしたもの)であってもよい。電気伝導性が高く、電解液中の安定性と耐酸化性がよい観点から、集電体としては、Cu、Ni、ステンレス鋼等が好ましく、さらに材料コストの観点からCu、Niが好ましい。
負極は、例えば、負極活物質と、結着剤、水および必要に応じて添加される導電助剤や分散助剤とを混合したもの(負極用合剤)、好ましくはスラリー化したもの(負極用スラリー)、を集電体に塗付し、仮乾燥させた後、熱処理を行うことで得ることができる。
正極は、例えば、正極活物質と、結着剤、溶媒および必要に応じて添加される導電助剤、分散助剤とを混合したもの(正極用合剤)、好ましくはスラリー化したもの(正極用スラリー)、を集電体に塗付し、仮乾燥させた後、熱処理を行うことで得ることができる。
このようにして得た電極(正極又は負極)は、セパレータを介して対極(負極又は正極)と接合され、電解液内に浸漬した状態で密閉化され、二次電池となる。
(セパレータ)
上記のとおり、短絡時に発熱量を小さくする目的から、負極の結着剤として、ビニルアルコールとエチレン性不飽和カルボン酸アルカリ金属中和物との共重合体が使用されるが、それでも短絡時には瞬間的に電池の温度が上昇する場合もあり得る。電池の規模にもよるが、例えば市販のポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンなどのオレフィン系樹脂からなる微多孔膜をセパレータとして用いた場合には、釘が刺さるなどの過酷状態では、メルトダウン(溶融)し、電池の熱暴走を引き起こすおそれがある。負極の結着剤としてビニルアルコールとエチレン性不飽和カルボン酸アルカリ金属中和物との共重合体を使用し、且つ、セパレータとして高分子基材に無機化合物を含んでなるセパレータ、又は融点若しくはガラス転移温度が140℃以上の高分子からなるセパレータを用いることで、二次電池短絡時における発熱が好ましく抑制される。
本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池の電解質は、固体電解質やイオン性液体であってもよく、電解質と溶媒を混合した電解液であることが好ましい。
本願発明のリチウムイオン二次電池は、安全性が良好であることから、様々な電気機器(電気を使用する乗り物を含む)の電源として利用することができる。
(製造例1)ビニルエステル/エチレン性不飽和カルボン酸エステル共重合体の合成
撹拌機、温度計、N2ガス導入管、還流冷却機および滴下ロートを備えた容量2Lの反応槽に、水768g、及び無水硫酸ナトリウム12gを仕込み、N2ガスを吹き込んで系内を脱酸素した。続いて、部分ケン化ポリビニルアルコール(ケン化度88%)1g及びラウリルパーオキシド1gを仕込み、内温が60℃となるまで昇温した後、ここにアクリル酸メチル104g(1.209mol)および酢酸ビニル155g(1.802mol)を滴下ロートにより4時間かけて滴下した。その後、内温65℃で2時間保持し反応させた。その後、固形分を濾別することにより、酢酸ビニル/アクリル酸メチル共重合体288g(10.4%含水)を得た。得られた重合体について、DMFに溶解させた後メンブレンフィルター(ADVANTEC社製:孔径0.45μm)にてろ過を実施し、GFCカラム(Shodex社製、OHpak)を備えた分子量測定装置(ウォーターズ社製、2695、RI検出器2414)により分子量を測定、算出したところ、数平均分子量は18.8万であった。
製造例1と同様の反応槽に、メタノール450g、水420g、水酸化ナトリウム132g(3.3mol)および製造例1で得られた共重合体(10.4%含水)288gを仕込み、30℃で3時間攪拌し、ケン化反応を行った。ケン化反応終了後、得られた共重合体ケン化物をメタノールで洗浄および濾過し、70℃で6時間乾燥させ、酢酸ビニル/アクリル酸メチル共重合体ケン化物(ビニルアルコールとアクリル酸ナトリウムとの共重合体)193gを得た。酢酸ビニル/アクリル酸メチル共重合体ケン化物(ビニルアルコールとアクリル酸ナトリウムとの共重合体)の体積平均粒子径は180μmであった。なお、体積平均粒子径は、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(株式会社島津製作所社製、SALD-7100)により測定した。
製造例2で得たビニルアルコールとアクリル酸ナトリウムとの共重合体193gを、ジェットミル(日本ニューマチック工業社製、LJ)により粉砕し、微粉末状のビニルアルコールとアクリル酸ナトリウムとの共重合体173gを得た。得られた共重合体の粒子径をレーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(島津製作所社製、SALD-7100)により測定したところ、46μmであった。得られた共重合体の1質量%水溶液の粘度は1650mPa・s、ビニルアルコールとアクリル酸ナトリウムの共重合組成比はモル比で約6:4であった。前記1質量%水溶液の粘度は、BROOKFIELD製回転粘度計(型式DV-I+)を用いて、スピンドルNo.5、50rpm(液温25℃)の条件で測定した。
(製造例4-1)NCM(ニッケル・マンガン・コバルト)正極の作製
正極活物質(LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2:戸田工業株式会社製)90質量部、結着剤として製造例3で得られたビニルアルコールとアクリル酸ナトリウムとの共重合体6質量部、導電剤としてカーボンナノチューブ(昭和電工社製、VGCF)2質量部、ケッチェンブラック(ライオン社製、ECP-300JD)2質量部、及び水100質量部を混合してスラリー状の正極合剤を調製した。
正極活物質(LiNiCoMnO2:住友大阪セメント株式会社製)90質量部、結着剤としてPVDF6質量部、導電剤としてカーボンナノチューブ(昭和電工社製、VGCF)2質量部、ケッチェンブラック(ライオン社製、ECP-300JD)2質量部、水100質量部を混合してスラリー状の正極合剤を調製した。
(製造例5)グラファイト負極の作製
負極活物質としてグラファイト(日立化成社製、MAG)93質量部、導電助剤としてアセチレンブラック(電気化学工業社製、デンカブラック)2質量部、気相成長炭素繊維(昭和電工社製、VGCF-H)1質量部、結着剤として製造例3で得られたビニルアルコールとアクリル酸ナトリウムとの共重合体4質量部及び水100質量部を混合し、スラリー状の負極合剤を調製した。
(実施例1)リチウムイオン二次電池の作製
製造例4-1で作製した正極、製造例5で作製した負極、PET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)不織布に無機酸化物(SiO2)をコーティングしたセパレータ(SEPARION(登録商標)、EVONIK社製)及び、電解液を具備した、1.0-1.2Ahの容量を有する捲回式のアルミラミネートセル型のリチウムイオン電池を作製した。なお、前記電解液は、エチレンカーボネート(EC)とジエチルカーボネート(DEC)とを体積比1:1で混合した溶媒に、LiPF6を1mol/Lの濃度で溶解させ、さらに電解液用添加剤としてビニレンカーボネート(VC)1質量部(EC、DEC及びLiPF6の合計量100質量部に対して)を添加した溶液である。
実施例1において、SEPARION(登録商標)に代えて、表1に示したセパレータを用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてリチウムイオン電池を作製した。なお、実施例1~5で用いたセパレータは、いずれも、高分子基材(ポリマー層)に無機酸化物がコーティング(無機コート層)されたもの(実施例1~3、5)、又は、融点若しくはガラス転移温度が140℃以上の高分子からなるもの(実施例4)、である。
製造例5において、製造例3で得られたビニルアルコールとアクリル酸ナトリウムとの共重合体に代えて、結着剤としてカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC、ダイセル社製#2260)2質量部、及びスチレンブタジエンラバー(SBR、JSR社製TRD2001)2質量部を用いたこと以外は同様にして、負極を作製した。この負極を用いたこと以外は比較例1と同様にして、リチウムイオン電池を作製した。
比較例3において、セパレータとして、PET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)不織布に無機酸化物(SiO2)をコーティングしたセパレータ(SEPARION(登録商標)、EVONIK社製)を用いたこと以外は同様にして、リチウムイオン電池を作製した。
製造例5において、製造例3で得られたビニルアルコールとアクリル酸ナトリウムとの共重合体に代えて、結着剤としてポリビニリデンフルオライド(PVDF、クレハ社製#9200)4質量部を用いたこと以外は同様にして負極を作製した。この負極を用いたこと以外は比較例1と同様にして、リチウムイオン電池を作製した。
比較例5において、セパレータとして、PET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)不織布に無機酸化物(SiO2)をコーティングしたセパレータ(SEPARION(登録商標)、EVONIK社製)を用いたこと以外は同様にして、リチウムイオン電池を作製した。
製造例5において、グラファイトの使用量を96質量部、製造例3で得られたビニルアルコールとアクリル酸ナトリウムとの共重合体の使用量を1質量部に変更したこと以外は同様にして負極を作製した。この負極を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、リチウムイオン電池を作製した。
製造例5において、グラファイトの使用量を85質量部、製造例3で得られたビニルアルコールとアクリル酸ナトリウムとの共重合体の使用量を12質量部に変更したこと以外は同様にして負極を作製した。この負極を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、リチウムイオン電池を作製した。
製造例5において、電極の仮乾燥温度を100℃にしたこと以外は同様にして負極を作製した。この負極を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、リチウムイオン電池を作製した。
製造例5において、電極の仮乾燥温度を45℃にしたこと以外は同様にして負極を作製した。得られた負極を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、リチウムイオン電池を作製した。
製造例4-1で作製した正極の代わりに、製造例4-2で作製した正極を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、リチウムイオン電池を作製した。
安全性評価を行う前に、実施例1~10、比較例1~6で得られた電池に対し、以下の条件にてエージング処理を行った。なお、測定は、NR600(キーエンス製:データ収集速度0.01ms、0.1msのCSVファイル)にて行った。
カットオフ電位:2.5-4.2V
※30℃環境下、5サイクルの充放電サイクルを行い、100%充電状態にて完了
結着剤の濃度分布の評価を、電界放出形電子線マイクロアナライザ(FE-EPMA)法により行った。この評価における結着剤としては、下記実施例11、12及び比較例9、10の記載から分かるように、ビニルアルコールとエチレン性不飽和カルボン酸アルカリ金属中和物との共重合体、CMC/SBR、PVDFを用いた。SBR系接着剤にはOs染色をした。CP加工法にてそれぞれの断面を作製し、JXA-8500F(日本電子製)にて、元素カラーマッピングにより、各試料の電極断面における元素(当該共重合体はNa、CMC/SBRはOs、PVDFはF(フッ素))の分布状態を観察した。なお、濃度分布を数値化するため、電極全体に分布している結着剤量を100質量%として、特定の面積における結着剤量を求めた。表5において、集電体表面から活物質層表面までの距離をTとし、集電体からT/2までの領域を下層、活物質層表面からT/2までの領域を上層とした際のそれぞれの領域における結着剤量を示す。
電極の剥離強度を評価するため、製造例5で作製した負極電極表面にセロハンテープ(JISZ6050準拠)を接着させ、180度剥離試験(JIS K6854-2準拠)を行い、電解銅箔と負極活物質層との剥離強度を評価した。
製造例5で作製した負極に対し、FE-EPMAの測定と剥離試験を行った。結果を表5に示す。
製造例5において、電極の仮乾燥温度を45℃にしたこと以外は同様にして負極を作製した。得られた負極を用いたこと以外は実施例11と同様にしてFE-EPMAの測定と剥離試験を行った。結果を表5に示す。
製造例5において、結着剤として製造例3で得られたビニルアルコールとアクリル酸ナトリウムとの共重合体に代えて、カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC、ダイセル社製、#2260)2質量部、及びスチレンブタジエンラバー(SBR、JSR社製、TRD2001)2質量部を用いたこと以外は同様にして負極を作製した。この負極を用いたこと以外は実施例11と同様にしてFE-EPMAの測定と剥離試験を行った。結果を表5に示す。
製造例5において、結着剤として製造例3で得られたビニルアルコールとアクリル酸ナトリウムとの共重合体に代えてポリビニリデンフルオライド(PVDF、クレハ社製、#9200)4質量部を用いたこと以外は同様にして、負極を作製した。この負極を用いたこと以外は実施例11と同様にしてFE-EPMAの測定と剥離試験を行った。結果を表5に示す。
Claims (12)
- 集電体上に正極活物質層を有する正極と、集電体上に負極活物質層を有する負極とを、非水電解液を含浸したセパレータを介して備えたリチウムイオン二次電池であって、
前記正極活物質層が、正極活物質と結着剤とを含む層であり、前記負極活物質層が、負極活物質と結着剤とを含む層であり、
前記負極活物質層が、結着剤としてビニルアルコールとエチレン性不飽和カルボン酸アルカリ金属中和物との共重合体を含み、
前記セパレータが、高分子基材に無機化合物を含んでなるセパレータ、又は融点若しくはガラス転移温度が140℃以上の高分子からなるセパレータである、
リチウムイオン二次電池。 - 前記正極活物質層が、結着剤としてビニルアルコールとエチレン性不飽和カルボン酸アルカリ金属中和物との共重合体を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質層が、結着剤として、アクリル酸アルカリ金属中和物およびメタクリル酸アルカリ金属中和物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種のエチレン性不飽和カルボン酸アルカリ金属中和物とビニルアルコールとの共重合体を含む、請求項1又は2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質層の厚みをT[μm]とすると、前記負極活物質層に含まれる前記結着剤の全量(100質量%)に対して、前記集電体側から厚みT/2[μm]の領域に存在する前記結着剤の含有量が25~50質量%、前記負極活物質層表面側から厚みT/2[μm]の領域に存在する前記結着剤の含有量が50~75質量%である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記無機化合物が、アルミナ、シリカ、酸化亜鉛、酸化チタン、窒化アルミニウム、窒化ケイ素、窒化チタン、窒化ホウ素、硫酸アルミニウム、硫酸カルシウム、タルク、ベントナイト、ゼオライト、カオリン、マイカ、モンモリロナイト及びガラスからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記高分子基材が、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリアミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリイミド、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、及びエチレン-プロピレン共重合体からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種の高分子の基材である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記高分子基材が、微多孔膜状又は不織布形状の高分子基材である請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質層の厚みが20~300μmである請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質層が導電助剤を含み、該層に含まれる前記負極活物質、前記結着剤及び前記導電助剤の合計量(100質量%)に対して、前記結着剤の含有量が0.5~15質量%、前記導電助剤の含有量が5質量%以下である請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記正極活物質層が導電助剤を含み、該層に含まれる前記正極活物質、前記結着剤及び前記導電助剤の合計量(100質量%)に対して、前記結着剤の含有量が0.5~30質量%、前記導電助剤の含有量が0.1~30質量%である請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記非水電解液が、ビニレンカーボネートを含む、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池を備える電子機器。
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DE102018218556A1 (de) * | 2018-10-30 | 2020-04-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Kompositfolie, deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung in einer elektrochemischen Festkörperzelle |
JP2020079382A (ja) * | 2018-11-13 | 2020-05-28 | 住友精化株式会社 | 高分子組成物 |
JP2020079379A (ja) * | 2018-11-13 | 2020-05-28 | 住友精化株式会社 | 高分子組成物 |
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EP3528329B1 (en) | 2021-09-08 |
EP3528329A1 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
KR20190062400A (ko) | 2019-06-05 |
KR102366059B1 (ko) | 2022-02-22 |
US11289706B2 (en) | 2022-03-29 |
PL3528329T3 (pl) | 2022-01-10 |
US20210288326A1 (en) | 2021-09-16 |
JPWO2018070423A1 (ja) | 2019-08-08 |
CN109845016B (zh) | 2022-06-21 |
EP3528329A4 (en) | 2020-06-03 |
TWI773696B (zh) | 2022-08-11 |
TW201834306A (zh) | 2018-09-16 |
CN109845016A (zh) | 2019-06-04 |
JP6952308B2 (ja) | 2021-10-20 |
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