WO2015170681A1 - 黒ショウガ油脂抽出物及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
黒ショウガ油脂抽出物及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015170681A1 WO2015170681A1 PCT/JP2015/063089 JP2015063089W WO2015170681A1 WO 2015170681 A1 WO2015170681 A1 WO 2015170681A1 JP 2015063089 W JP2015063089 W JP 2015063089W WO 2015170681 A1 WO2015170681 A1 WO 2015170681A1
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- Prior art keywords
- oil
- extract
- fat
- hydroxy
- methoxyflavone
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oil and fat extract obtained from black ginger and a method for producing the same.
- Black ginger (Kaempferia parviflora) is a kind of plant belonging to the family Ginger, and is also called black turmeric in Japan. Black ginger is native to Southeast Asia and is a kind of traditional herb also called Kra chai dham in Thailand.
- the main ingredients contained in black ginger are polyphenols centered on anthocyanidins and methoxyflavonoids, and studies so far have revealed that gingerol, gingerol contained in ginger, curcumin contained in turmeric are Not included.
- various effects such as an anti-obesity effect, an anti-ED effect, and a blood flow improving effect are known, and black ginger is widely used in supplements and beverages in Japan.
- the component that provides these effects is believed to be methoxyflavone. Therefore, in order to obtain various effects, it is also conceivable to administer isolated or purified methoxyflavone.
- methoxyflavones are expensive and in practice often use black ginger extracts containing them.
- the conventional black ginger extract has a peculiar flavor such as a bitter taste and exhibits a black purple color. These characteristics can be problematic when the extract is used in foods, beverages, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and the like.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a black ginger extract containing a considerable amount of methoxyflavone and having a reduced flavor such as bitterness or dark purple.
- the present inventor has found that in the oil and fat extract obtained from black ginger, the black purple color peculiar to the conventional black ginger extract is inconspicuous or the strength thereof is reduced. It was. Moreover, the said fat and oil extract fully contained methoxyflavone. Based on these findings, the present invention has been completed.
- a solution containing one or more species selected from methoxyflavone species and a total content of 5.0 mg / ml of the 11 species methoxyflavone from the extract is
- the extract obtained has an absorbance of 0.10 or less.
- the fat or oil is at least one selected from medium-chain fatty acid triglycerides, diacylglycerols, sesame salad oil, olive oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, rice germ oil, sunflower seed oil, perilla oil, and sesame oil Extract.
- the fat or oil is at least one selected from medium-chain fatty acid triglycerides, diacylglycerols, sesame salad oil, olive oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, rice germ oil, sunflower seed oil, perilla oil, and sesame oil Manufacturing method. 7).
- Extracting the flavone 9.
- the method further comprising evaporating water, a hydrophilic solvent, or a mixture thereof from the intermediate extract before and / or while they are in contact with the fat / oil.
- Manufacturing method. 10 The oil or fat is at least one selected from medium chain fatty acid triglycerides, diacylglycerols, sesame salad oil, olive oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, rice germ oil, sunflower seed oil, perilla oil, sesame oil, 8 or 9
- the manufacturing method as described in. 11.
- the extract since methoxyflavone, which is an active ingredient, is selectively extracted, the extract contains a considerable amount of methoxyflavone and is preferably found in conventional black ginger extract. No color intensity has been reduced. Ingredients that are difficult to extract with fats and oils are considered to be the cause of the bitter taste of black ginger, and therefore the bitterness is inevitably reduced in the oil and fat extract of the present invention. Moreover, when the said extract contains fats and oils, if fats and oils are removed from it, it is also possible to obtain the extract (especially in a powder state) with little methoxyflavone content with little coloring. Therefore, the oil and fat extract of the present invention is easier to use in foods and drinks, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics than the conventional black ginger extract.
- the method for producing a fat extract according to the present invention does not use a special device, the fat extract can be provided easily, inexpensively and in a large amount.
- the present invention greatly contributes to the use of methoxyflavone.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the appearance of the oil and fat extract of the present invention and the hydrous alcohol extract.
- the oil and fat extract of the present invention is an extract obtained by performing oil and fat extraction from black ginger.
- the extract contains methoxyflavone and has a reduced dark purple intensity.
- the said extract may further contain fats and oils, especially the fats and oils used for extraction.
- the oil and fat extract of the present invention is different from those not obtained from black ginger and those not obtained through oil and fat extraction even if black ginger is used as a raw material, in terms of the types and ratios of the components contained. it is conceivable that.
- an extract obtained from a plant other than black ginger can also contain methoxyflavone, but its type and ratio are considered to be different from the extract of the present invention.
- the ratio of the methoxyflavone in the extract obtained by methods other than fat extraction, for example, a hydrous alcohol extraction from there differs from the fat extract of this invention. Refer to the Example mentioned later for this point.
- oil and fat extraction may be performed directly on black ginger, or indirectly, for example, a solvent other than oil and fat from black ginger, such as water, a hydrophilic solvent, or a mixture thereof. You may perform with respect to the extract obtained using this.
- a solvent other than oil and fat from black ginger such as water, a hydrophilic solvent, or a mixture thereof. You may perform with respect to the extract obtained using this.
- Black ginger (Black ginger) Black ginger (Kaempferia parviflora) is a kind of plant belonging to the family Ginger, and is easily grown or grown mainly in Southeast Asia.
- any part of black ginger may be used for extraction.
- a leaf part, a flower part, a rhizome part, etc. are mentioned, Among these, a rhizome part is preferable.
- the plant body of black ginger or its part may be used for extraction as it is, Preferably, the said plant body or its part is dried, and is used for extraction. Further, the dried plant body or its part can be subjected to solvent extraction as it is or after being pulverized. The drying may be performed in the sun or using a dryer. In the present invention, only one of the black ginger in various states described above may be used, or two or more may be combined.
- the oil and fat extract of the present invention contains one or more methoxyflavones.
- methoxyflavone means a flavone having one or more methoxy groups.
- the methoxyflavone is typically selected from compounds having the structure shown in the following formula (I).
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, or a methoxy group, and at least one of R 1 to R 5 is methoxy. .
- the compound of formula (I) is a 5, 7, 3 ', 4'-tetramethoxyflavone, 3, 5, 7, 3', 4'-pentamethoxyflavone listed in Table 1 below, 7-dimethoxyflavone, 5, 7, 4'-trimethoxyflavone, 3, 5, 7-trimethoxyflavone, 3, 5, 7, 4'-tetramethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3, 7, 3 ', 4'-tetramethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7, 4'-dimethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3, 7, 4'- Selected from trimethoxyflavone.
- the oil and fat extract of the present invention preferably contains at least one of the compounds 1 to 11 shown in Table 1 above.
- the extract is more preferably at least 2, more preferably at least 3, more preferably at least 4, more preferably at least 5, more preferably at least 6 of compounds 1 to 11, more preferably Includes at least 7, more preferably at least 8, more preferably at least 9, more preferably at least 10, more preferably 11 types.
- the oil or fat extract of the present invention preferably contains all of compounds 1 to 6.
- the at least one methoxyflavone is 5,7,3 ′, 4′-tetramethoxyflavone, 3,5,7,3 ′, 4′-pentamethoxyflavone, Selected from group A consisting of 5,7-dimethoxyflavone and 5,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone.
- the extract is not only a group A methoxyflavone, but also other compounds such as 3,5,7-trimethoxyflavone, 3,5,7,4′-tetramethoxyflavone, 5- Hydroxy-3,7,3 ′, 4′-tetramethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone, and 5 It may contain at least one methoxyflavone selected from group B consisting of -hydroxy-3,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone.
- the ratio of the total content of group A methoxyflavones to the total content of group A and group B is preferably greater than 0.65 on a molar basis (or weight basis), More preferably, it is 0.66 or more, More preferably, it is 0.67 or more, More preferably, it is 0.68 or more, More preferably, it is 0.69 or more, More preferably, it is 0.70 or more, More preferably, it is 0.71 or more. There is no upper limit for the ratio, and the ratio may be, for example, 1.00 or less, 0.90 or less, or 0.80 or less. It has been confirmed that group A methoxyflavones exhibit a higher NOx inhibitory action than group B methoxyflavones. In Examples 9 and 10 of the present application, the oil and fat extract of the present invention having a high ratio (A / (A + B)) has a higher NOX inhibitory action than a hydrophilic solvent extract having a low ratio. It is shown that.
- an example of the range of the total content of the 11 kinds of methoxyflavones in the extract is 10 w / v% or less, preferably 0.1 to It is 10 w / v%, more preferably 0.1 to 5 w / v%, and still more preferably 0.1 to 2.5 w / v%.
- an example of the range of the total content of the 11 kinds of methoxyflavones in the extract is 10 to 90 w / v%, preferably It is 20 to 70 w / v%, more preferably 30 to 50 w / v%.
- the fats and oils that can be used in the production of the fat and oil extract of the present invention and can be contained in the extract are not particularly limited as long as methoxyflavone can be dissolved.
- the fat is at least one selected from medium chain fatty acid triglycerides, diacylglycerols, sesame salad oil, olive oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, rice germ oil, sunflower seed oil, perilla oil, and sesame oil. is there.
- Medium chain fatty acid used for medium chain fatty acid triglycerides means fatty acids having 8 to 12 carbon atoms. Among the fatty acid moieties constituting the triglyceride, at least one, preferably two, more preferably three are medium chain fatty acids.
- the amount of oil and fat in the extract is not particularly limited, but is typically about 50 to 100 w / w%.
- the absorbance measured in this way is 0.10 or less in the present invention.
- the absorbance is preferably 0.07 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less.
- the extract (and the solution) need not contain all the 11 types of methoxyflavones.
- the absorbance in this specification means the absorbance when the cell length (optical path length) is 10 mm.
- the obtained absorbance value is converted into a value when the cell length is 10 mm.
- an appropriate blank is used for absorbance measurement.
- the color intensity of substances obtained by oil extraction is important. For this reason, when preparing a solution for measuring absorbance, only the amount of the solvent is adjusted, and the amount of other substances is not changed. That is, exogenous substances other than the solvent should not be added, and the extracted substances should not be removed.
- the oil or fat extract does not contain oil or fat
- the extract is dissolved in a solvent such as oil or fat to prepare a solution having a total content of 11 kinds of methoxyflavones of 5.0 mg / ml.
- the said extract contains fats and oils, the quantity of the solvent containing the said fats and oils is adjusted.
- absorbance is measured in the absence of insoluble matter.
- the absorbance of the extract is measured in a solution state. Therefore, for example, when the total content of 11 kinds of methoxyflavones is 5.0 mg / ml and the components in the extract are precipitated, it is difficult to directly measure the absorbance.
- the extract is diluted with oil or the like to form a solution, and the absorbance is measured after the dilution.
- the absorbance is measured when the total content of methoxyflavone in the extract is 5.0 mg / ml. When converted into a value in a certain case, a desired value or a value close thereto is obtained.
- the oil and fat extract of the present invention may contain other components in addition to methoxyflavone and oil and fat.
- other components in addition to vitamins such as vitamin E, physiologically active components such as minerals, hormones, and nutritional components, stabilizers, antioxidants, and the like that are included in the formulation may be included.
- the present invention is a method for producing a fat extract from black ginger.
- the method comprises contacting oil and fat with a plant of black ginger, 5, 7, 3 ′, 4′-tetramethoxyflavone, 3, 5, 7, 3 ′, 4′-pentamethoxyflavone, 7-dimethoxyflavone, 5, 7, 4'-trimethoxyflavone, 3, 5, 7-trimethoxyflavone, 3, 5, 7, 4'-tetramethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3, 7, 3 ', 4'-tetramethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7, 4'-dimethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyflavone, and 5-hydroxy-3, 7, 4 ' -Extracting one or more methoxyflavones selected from 11 methoxyflavones of trimethoxyflavone.
- a plant of black ginger 5, 7, 3 ′, 4′-tetramethoxyflavone, 3, 5,
- a black ginger plant prepared by bringing the plant body or its site
- extraction is performed by bringing the plant body or its part into contact with fats and oils.
- the extraction conditions are not particularly limited as long as methoxyflavone can be extracted. Typical extraction temperatures are 50-180 ° C, 70-170 ° C, 70-150 ° C, 100-150 ° C, or 120-150 ° C.
- the extraction time is typically 1 minute to 1 day, 10 minutes to 10 hours, or 15 minutes to 5 hours.
- the volume of oil used is typically 0.1 to 30 times, or 0.5 to 15 times the weight of black ginger. Examples of the fats and oils used are as described above.
- the oil and fat extract may be produced by bringing black ginger plant into contact with water, a hydrophilic solvent, or a mixture thereof, and 5, 7, 3 ', 4'-tetramethoxyflavone, 3, 5, 7, 3 ', 4'-pentamethoxyflavone, 5, 7-dimethoxyflavone, 5, 7, 4'-trimethoxyflavone, 3, 5, 7-trimethoxyflavone, 3, 5, 7, 4'-tetramethoxyflavone 5-hydroxy-3, 7, 3 ', 4'-tetramethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7, 4'-dimethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyflavone And one or more methoxyflavones selected from 11 kinds of methoxyflavones of 5-hydroxy-3, 7, 4'-trimethoxyflavone, and contact the oil with the intermediate extract obtained by the extraction Extracting the oil with
- a black ginger plant is prepared in the same manner as described above.
- extraction is performed by bringing the plant or its part into contact with water, a hydrophilic solvent, or a mixture thereof.
- the extraction conditions are not particularly limited as long as methoxyflavone can be extracted. Typical extraction temperatures are room temperature to reflux temperature, 40 ° C. to reflux temperature, 50 ° C. to reflux temperature, reflux temperature, with 50 ° C. to reflux temperature or reflux temperature being preferred.
- the extraction time is typically 1 minute to 1 day, 10 minutes to 10 hours, or 15 minutes to 5 hours.
- the volume of water, hydrophilic solvent or mixture thereof used is typically 0.1 to 30 times, or 0.5 to 15 times the weight of black ginger.
- the hydrophilic solvent used is preferably C 1-3 alcohol and / or acetone, more preferably ethanol.
- extraction is performed using 50 to 100 v / v% ethanol.
- the intermediate extract obtained in this extraction step is subjected to the fat and oil extraction step.
- extraction is performed by bringing the intermediate extract into contact with the fat and oil.
- the extraction conditions are not particularly limited as long as methoxyflavone can be extracted.
- Extraction temperature is not specifically limited, For example, 5 degreeC or more, 10 degreeC or more, 20 degreeC or more, 30 degreeC or more, 40 degreeC, or 50 degreeC or more is performed.
- the upper limit of the extraction temperature is not particularly limited as long as it is not higher than the reflux temperature of water, a hydrophilic solvent, or a mixture thereof.
- the extraction time is typically 1 minute to 1 day, 10 minutes to 10 hours, or 15 minutes to 5 hours.
- the volume of fat used is typically 0.01 to 30 times, or 0.1 to 15 times the weight of black ginger. Examples of the fats and oils used are as described above.
- water, a hydrophilic solvent, or a mixture thereof is evaporated from the intermediate extract before and / or while the oil or fat is contacted with the intermediate extract.
- Evaporation may be performed under normal pressure or under reduced pressure.
- the extraction time is not very important. If evaporation progresses and the amount of water, hydrophilic solvent or a mixture thereof decreases, it is considered that methoxyflavone migrates into the oil and fat, possibly with the hydrophilic solvent.
- methoxyflavone migrates to fats and oils during oil and fat extraction, but the components that produce black purple color of black ginger are considered not to move to fats and oils.
- an oil-containing extract can be obtained.
- This may be used without further purification, but may be purified if necessary.
- the fat and oil-containing extract may be subjected to a further extraction step to remove the fat and oil.
- water, a hydrophilic solvent, or a mixture thereof is brought into contact with the oil-and-fat-containing extract to extract the one or more methoxyflavones.
- a low polarity solvent such as a C 1-8 hydrocarbon such as n-hexane may be added to the oil-containing extract.
- Extraction temperature is not specifically limited, For example, 5 degreeC or more, 10 degreeC or more, 20 degreeC or more, 30 degreeC or more, 40 degreeC, or 50 degreeC or more is performed.
- the upper limit of the extraction temperature is not particularly limited, but may be any temperature below the reflux temperature of water, a hydrophilic solvent or a mixture thereof.
- the extraction time is typically 1 minute to 1 day, 10 minutes to 10 hours, or 15 minutes to 5 hours.
- the volume of water, hydrophilic solvent or mixture thereof used is typically 0.01 to 30 times, or 0.1 to 15 times the weight of the oil or fat extract.
- a two-phase mixture of an oil-and-fat phase derived from the oil-and-fat-containing extract and a phase derived from the water, a hydrophilic solvent, or a mixture thereof is obtained, and this mixture is liquid-liquid separated. Attached.
- the water, hydrophilic solvent, or mixture thereof phase (which is an extract containing methoxyflavone and solvent) can be separated from the fat phase.
- the two-phase mixture may be left still or subjected to centrifugation. A separated extract is then obtained.
- the separated extracts were 5, 7, 3 ', 4'-tetramethoxyflavone, 3, 5, 7, 3', 4'-pentamethoxyflavone, 5, 7-dimethoxyflavone, 5, 7, 4 ' -Trimethoxyflavone, 3, 5, 7-trimethoxyflavone, 3, 5, 7, 4'-tetramethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3, 7, 3 ', 4'-tetramethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy- From 11 methoxyflavones, 7-methoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-7, 4'-dimethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyflavone, and 5-hydroxy-3, 7, 4'-trimethoxyflavone It is in the form of a liquid containing at least one selected methoxyflavone and containing a solvent.
- This liquid may be used as it is, or a solvent (water, a hydrophilic solvent, or a mixture thereof) may be removed to obtain an extract in a powder form containing methoxyflavone.
- a solvent water, a hydrophilic solvent, or a mixture thereof
- the method for removing the solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include distillation under normal pressure or reduced pressure, and lyophilization.
- the extract from which the fats and oils have been removed in this way contains a methoxyflavone peculiar to black ginger at a relatively high concentration. This extract may be further purified as necessary.
- the oil and fat extract obtained according to the above method may contain other components such as an antioxidant as necessary.
- the oil and fat extract of the present invention is a food or drink (functional food, health supplement, functional nutrition food, special food, special health food, dietary supplement, diet food, health food, supplement, etc.), pharmaceutical or It can be used as a cosmetic or as a raw material thereof.
- the food and drink and medicine may be pet food or animal feed processed as pet food, and animal medicine.
- Methoxyflavone is considered to be effective for, such as antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-ED, and blood flow improving effects. Can be used to obtain.
- the total amount of methoxyflavone contained in foods, beverages, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics varies depending on the form and use, but is preferably about 0.0001 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably about 0.05 to 5% by weight.
- the form of the food / beverage products containing the fat and oil extract of this invention is not specifically limited, For example, soft drinks (for example, sports drink, carbonated drink, fruit juice drink), confectionery (for example, cake, biscuit, bread, candy) , Noodles (for example, udon, soba, ramen, pasta), miso, soy sauce, vinegar, salad oil, sesame oil, soy milk, milk.
- soft drinks for example, sports drink, carbonated drink, fruit juice drink
- confectionery for example, cake, biscuit, bread, candy
- Noodles for example, udon, soba, ramen, pasta
- miso, soy sauce vinegar, salad oil, sesame oil, soy milk, milk.
- it may be in the form of tablets, granules, powders, capsules (including soft capsules) and the like.
- These can be produced by a known method using the oil and fat extract according to the present invention and other commonly used materials such as excipients and diluents.
- the form of the pharmaceutical containing the oil / fat extract of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- external preparations for example, lotions, emulsions, patches, ointments
- oral preparations tablets, granules, powders, capsules ( Including soft capsules), solutions, and suspensions.
- These can be produced by a known method using the oil and fat extract according to the present invention and other commonly used materials such as excipients and diluents.
- the form of the cosmetic containing the oil / fat extract of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include lotion, gel, lotion, cream, pack, emulsion, foundation, lipstick, powder, facial wash, and hair art. These can also be produced by a known method using the oil and fat extract according to the present invention and other commonly used materials such as excipients and diluents.
- the oil and fat extract of the present invention is effective as an NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor.
- NOX is an enzyme that exists in neutrophils and is known to produce O 2 ⁇ . Inhibition of NOX leads to prevention and treatment of diseases caused by NOX. Therefore, the oil and fat extract of the present invention can also be used for prevention and treatment of diseases caused by NOX.
- Such diseases include atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis (hay fever), allergic conjunctivitis, allergic gastroenteritis, bronchial asthma, childhood asthma, food allergies, drug allergies, urticaria etc., Parkinson's disease , Cerebral infarction, cataract, epilepsy, spinal cord injury, arteriosclerosis, retinopathy of prematurity, nephropathy, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, ulcerative colitis, myocardial infarction, adult respiratory distress syndrome, emphysema, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.
- Vasculitis edema, diabetic complications, UV damage, altitude sickness, porphyria, burn, frostbite, contact dermatitis, shock, multiple organ failure, DIC, cancer, aging, fatigue, sarcopenia (muscular weakness) Mitochondrial dysfunction, dementia, Alzheimer's disease.
- Example 1 Isolation and purification of methoxyflavone
- To 150 g of black ginger 1500 ml of 50% ethanol aqueous solution was added, followed by extraction with heating under reflux for 2 hours. The extract obtained after cooling was filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure, and lyophilized to obtain 25.7 g of a black ginger extract. 9 g of the obtained extract was subjected to column chromatography using Dia ion HP20 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), and 4 fractions (30% ethanol elution part, 50% ethanol elution part, 70% ethanol elution part) Fraction, 100% ethanol elution part).
- the 50% ethanol eluate was subjected to high performance liquid chromatography, and 5, 7, 3 ', 4'-tetramethoxyflavone (64 mg), 3, 5, 7, 3', 4'-pentamethoxyflavone ( 464 mg), 5,7-dimethoxyflavone (145 mg), 5,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone (188 mg), 3,5,7-trimethoxyflavone (35 mg), 3,5,7,4'-tetra Methoxyflavone (96 mg) was isolated.
- Example 2 Manufacture of oil and fat extract
- 30 g of olive oil was added to 3 g and 15 g of black ginger, respectively, extracted at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes, cooled, and then filtered to obtain two pale yellow black ginger oil extracts.
- the total content of 11 kinds of methoxyflavones (compounds 1 to 11 described in Table 1) in the obtained two oil and fat extracts was quantified, and the value was 6.2 mg / mL ( 3 g of black ginger) and 22.4 mg / mL (from 15 g of black ginger).
- Each of these extracts contained all of the compounds 1 to 11 listed in Table 1.
- Example 3 Ethanol (500 mL) was added to black ginger (50 g), and extraction under heating and reflux was performed for 1 hour. After cooling the obtained liquid, suction filtration was performed, and 15 mL of medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride was added to the obtained extract, ethanol was distilled off by concentration under reduced pressure, and then suction filtration was performed again for the purpose of removing insoluble matters. An extract was obtained. In addition, the same ethanol extraction operation was performed to obtain two new extracts, and 15 ml of olive oil or a mixed solution of medium chain fatty acid triglyceride (Nisshin Oillio Group, Nisshin MCT Oil) and olive oil was added to them.
- Nisshin MCT Oil medium chain fatty acid triglyceride
- methoxyflavone is highly soluble in medium-chain fatty acid triglycerides, and medium-chain fatty acid triglycerides are suitable for the solvent.
- Each of these extracts contained all of the compounds 1 to 11 listed in Table 1.
- Example 4 30 g of a mixed solution of medium-chain fatty acid triglyceride and olive oil was added to 30 g of black ginger to obtain three suspensions, and extraction was performed at 100 ° C., 120 ° C., and 150 ° C., respectively. After (extraction time: 30 minutes), filtration was performed to obtain three oil and fat extracts. The total content of 11 kinds of methoxyflavones contained therein was measured in the same manner as in Example 2. The contents are 6.8 mg / mL (100 ° C.), 22.6 mg / mL (120 ° C.), and 24.4 mg / mL (150 ° C.), and it is clear that extraction at higher temperatures is more efficient. Became. Each of these extracts contained all of the compounds 1 to 11 listed in Table 1.
- Example 5 In order to confirm the difference in the composition of the fat and oil extract depending on the lot of black ginger, 200 g of two black ginger were prepared, 1000 mL of ethanol was added to each, and heating and reflux extraction was performed for 1 hour. The resulting liquid was cooled and suction filtered to separate the residue and the extract. The residue was again added with 1000 mL of ethanol, extracted by heating under reflux for 1 hour, filtered, and combined with the previously obtained extract. Subsequently, 100 mL of medium chain fatty acid triglyceride was added to the extract, ethanol was distilled off by concentration under reduced pressure, and the precipitated insoluble matter was removed by suction filtration to obtain two black ginger oil extracts.
- extract A The methoxyflavone content in these extracts was analyzed according to Example 2, and the total amount of methoxyflavone was 90.4 mg / mL (hereinafter, this extract is referred to as “extract A”), 54. 9 mg / mL (hereinafter, this extract is referred to as “extract B”). Further, the total amount of methoxyflavone in these two extracts was adjusted to 5 mg / ml with olive oil to obtain two solutions, and the absorbance at 660 nm of the solutions was measured to find 0.036 (extract A). 0.030 (extract B) (methanol was used as a blank). Each of these extracts contained all of the compounds 1 to 11 listed in Table 1.
- the total content of 11 types of methoxyflavones in the extract was measured according to the method of Example 2, and was 264 mg / g and 267 mg / g, respectively.
- the total amount of methoxyflavone in black ginger ethanol extract-1 was adjusted to 5 mg / ml with methanol to obtain a solution, and the absorbance at 660 nm of the solution was measured to be 0.95 (blank is methanol). . This value is much higher than that obtained in Example 5 from the extract of the present invention.
- Each of these extracts contained all of the compounds 1 to 11 listed in Table 1.
- the concentration of the hydrous alcohol extract (B) was adjusted with a 50% aqueous ethanol solution so that the total amount of methoxyflavone was 5 mg / ml.
- the results are shown in FIG.
- the left in FIG. 1 is the fat and oil extract A, and the right is the extract B. Apparently, the fat extract of the present invention was less colored.
- Example 7 After adding 10 mL of n-hexane to 10 g of each of the two black ginger oil extracts A and B obtained in Example 5, the solution was brought into contact with an 80% aqueous ethanol solution (20 mL), and methoxyflavone was transferred to the aqueous ethanol solution. It was. The resulting mixture was allowed to stand to separate the aqueous ethanol phase from the fat phase. The ethanol aqueous phase was taken out and the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 1.03 g of yellow powder containing methoxyflavone and 0.68 g from Extract B. Each of these powders contained all of the compounds 1 to 11 listed in Table 1.
- Example 8 (Sample preparation for measuring NOX inhibitory activity) Ten times the amount of ethanol was added to 10 g, 20 g, 30 g, and 40 g of black ginger, respectively, followed by heating under reflux extraction for 1 hour. After cooling the obtained liquid, suction filtration was performed, 15 mL of medium chain fatty acid triglyceride was added to the extract, ethanol was distilled off by concentration under reduced pressure, and suction filtration was performed again for the purpose of removing insoluble matter. An oil and fat extract was obtained. The obtained four black ginger oil extracts were analyzed for the total content of 11 methoxyflavones according to Example 2, and the values were 23.9 mg / mL, 46.3 mg / mL, and 69, respectively.
- NOx inhibitory activity of black ginger oil extract Preparation of differentiated HL-60 cells: Although human myeloid leukemia cells HL-60 cells repeat proliferation in an undifferentiated state, they are differentiated into mature granulocytes by adding DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide), retinoic acid, etc. NOX (NADPH oxidase) is known to be expressed in cells, and the NOX can be used as an enzyme source for evaluating NOX inhibitory activity.
- DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
- retinoic acid etc.
- NOX NADPH oxidase
- undifferentiated HL-60 cells cultured in 10% FBS-containing RPMI 1640 medium were added to 10% FBS-containing RPMI 1640 medium containing 1% DMSO at 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / ml.
- the suspension was dispensed in 15 ml portions in a petri dish having an inner diameter of 10 cm and cultured in a CO 2 incubator (37 ° C.) for 3 days, and then 10 ml of 10% FBS containing 1% DMSO.
- RPMI1640 medium contained in each dish and further culturing for 3 days differentiated HL-60 cells expressing NOX could be obtained.
- NOX activity was measured using a cell lysate of differentiated HL-60 cells or living cells as they were.
- HL-60 cells differentiated by DMSO treatment were collected by centrifugation, washed once with PBS (phosphate buffered saline), and then buffered for cell disruption (8 mM phosphate containing 131 mM NaCl and 340 mM sucrose). Buffer solution (pH 7.0) was used to suspend at 1 ⁇ 10 8 cells / ml. After cooling with ice, using an ultrasonic crusher (Bioruptor UCD-250HSA, manufactured by Cosmo Bio), the process of “crushing at maximum output 20 seconds / interval cooling 30 seconds” is repeated 3 times at 4 ° C. or lower. A cell lysate was obtained.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- Buffer solution pH 7.0
- the supernatant obtained by removing debris by centrifuging the disrupted solution at 1000 g for 4 minutes was added to a 9-fold volume of reaction buffer (65 mM phosphate buffer containing 1 mM EGTA, 10 ⁇ M FAD and 170 mM sucrose). Solution pH 7.0) was added to prepare a cell disruption supernatant (corresponding to 1 ⁇ 10 7 cells / ml) for NOX measurement.
- reaction buffer 65 mM phosphate buffer containing 1 mM EGTA, 10 ⁇ M FAD and 170 mM sucrose.
- Solution pH 7.0 was added to prepare a cell disruption supernatant (corresponding to 1 ⁇ 10 7 cells / ml) for NOX measurement.
- the NOX reaction was performed by pouring 50 ⁇ l of the cell disruption solution per well onto a 96-well microplate, adding 25 ⁇ l of 0.5 mM SDS solution as a NOX activator, and 25 ⁇ l of 0.4 mM NADPH solution as a substrate. This was carried out at 30 ° C. for 30 to 90 minutes.
- the NOX activity was determined by measuring the consumption rate of NADPH by fluorescence measurement (Ex: 355 nm / Em: 460 nm).
- the NOX inhibitory activity of the test sample is prepared by preparing a DMSO solution of the sample (usually 10 mM in the case of a reagent), preparing a 3-fold dilution series solution with DMSO, and adding 1 ⁇ l / well each to the above reaction solution.
- the inhibitory activity obtained was expressed as an IC 50 value ( ⁇ M, in the case of an extract, ⁇ g / ml).
- HL-60 cells differentiated by DMSO treatment were collected by centrifugation, and suspended in D-MEM medium containing no FBS and phenol red so as to have a concentration of 5 ⁇ 10 6 cells / ml.
- the NOX reaction was performed by pouring 25 ⁇ l of the cell suspension per well onto a 96-well microplate, and further using a 0.8 mg / ml WST-1 solution prepared using the D-MEM, a test sample prepared to a predetermined concentration.
- the obtained inhibitory activity was shown as an IC 50 value ( ⁇ M, in the case of an extract, ⁇ g / ml).
- black ginger oil extract-1 having a total methoxyflavone amount of 22.4 mg / ml (obtained in Example 2)
- black ginger oil extract-2 having a total methoxyflavone amount of 69.4 mg / ml (implementation) NOx inhibitory activity of ethanol extract (black ginger ethanol extract-1 and 2 obtained in Comparative Example 1) (measurement of NOX inhibitory activity using differentiated HL-60 live cells) was measured.
- Two types of black ginger were examined to see the difference in the intensity of activity between lots of black ginger. Moreover, since the activity of the fat and oil extract could not be measured as it was, a degreasing treatment was performed.
- IC 50 values shown below indicate NOX inhibitory activity based on the total amount of methoxyflavone.
- the oil and fat extract showed a higher action (lower IC 50 ) than the ethanol extract. From this, it was suggested that methoxyflavone having a higher inhibitory effect on NOX was efficiently extracted by extraction with oil and fat as in the present invention.
- Example 10 (Relationship between extraction method and composition)
- fat extraction extraction only with fat or oil or ethanol extraction followed by fat extraction
- ethanol extraction was performed according to Comparative Example 1.
- olive oil or a mixture of olive oil and medium-chain fatty acid glycerides in this example, medium-chain fatty acid triglycerides, which are also referred to as “MCT”
- MCT medium-chain fatty acid triglycerides
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Abstract
Description
1.黒ショウガから得られる油脂抽出物であって、5, 7, 3', 4'-テトラメトキシフラボン、3, 5, 7, 3', 4'-ペンタメトキシフラボン、5, 7-ジメトキシフラボン、5, 7, 4'-トリメトキシフラボン、3, 5, 7-トリメトキシフラボン、3, 5, 7, 4'-テトラメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-3, 7, 3', 4'-テトラメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-7-メトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-7, 4'-ジメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-3, 7-ジメトキシフラボン、及び5-ヒドロキシ-3, 7, 4'-トリメトキシフラボンの11種のメトキシフラボンから選択される1種以上を含有し、当該抽出物から、当該11種のメトキシフラボンの総含有量が5.0mg/mlである溶液を調製し、当該溶液の波長660nmにおける吸光度を測定すると、得られる吸光度が0.10以下である、前記抽出物。
2.前記油脂が、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド、ジアシルグリセロール、ゴマサラダ油、オリーブ油、大豆油、ナタネ油、コーン油、米胚芽油、ヒマワリ種子油、シソ油、エゴマ油から選ばれる少なくとも一種である、1に記載の抽出物。
3.1又は2に記載の抽出物を含む飲食品。
4.1又は2に記載の抽出物を含む香粧品。
5.黒ショウガから、5, 7, 3', 4'-テトラメトキシフラボン、3, 5, 7, 3', 4'-ペンタメトキシフラボン、5, 7-ジメトキシフラボン、5, 7, 4'-トリメトキシフラボン、3, 5, 7-トリメトキシフラボン、3, 5, 7, 4'-テトラメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-3, 7, 3', 4'-テトラメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-7-メトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-7, 4'-ジメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-3, 7-ジメトキシフラボン、及び5-ヒドロキシ-3, 7, 4'-トリメトキシフラボンの11種のメトキシフラボンから選択される1種以上のメトキシフラボンを含有する油脂抽出物を製造する方法であって、黒ショウガの植物体に油脂を接触させて当該1種以上のメトキシフラボンを抽出することを含む、前記方法。
6.前記油脂が、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド、ジアシルグリセロール、ゴマサラダ油、オリーブ油、大豆油、ナタネ油、コーン油、米胚芽油、ヒマワリ種子油、シソ油、エゴマ油から選ばれる少なくとも一種である、5に記載の製造方法。
7.前記抽出を50~180℃で行う、5又は6に記載の製造方法。
8.黒ショウガから、5, 7, 3', 4'-テトラメトキシフラボン、3, 5, 7, 3', 4'-ペンタメトキシフラボン、5, 7-ジメトキシフラボン、5, 7, 4'-トリメトキシフラボン、3, 5, 7-トリメトキシフラボン、3, 5, 7, 4'-テトラメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-3, 7, 3', 4'-テトラメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-7-メトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-7, 4'-ジメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-3, 7-ジメトキシフラボン、及び5-ヒドロキシ-3, 7, 4'-トリメトキシフラボンの11種のメトキシフラボンから選択される1種以上のメトキシフラボンを含有する油脂抽出物を製造する方法であって、
黒ショウガの植物体に水、親水性溶媒、又はそれらの混合物を接触させて、当該1種以上のメトキシフラボンを抽出し、そして
当該抽出により得られた中間抽出物に油脂を接触させて当該メトキシフラボンを抽出することを含む、前記方法。
9.当該中間抽出物に油脂を接触させる前に、及び/又はそれらが接触している間に、当該中間抽出物から水、親水性溶媒、又はそれらの混合物を蒸発させることを更に含む、8に記載の製造方法。
10.前記油脂が、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド、ジアシルグリセロール、ゴマサラダ油、オリーブ油、大豆油、ナタネ油、コーン油、米胚芽油、ヒマワリ種子油、シソ油、エゴマ油から選ばれる少なくとも一種である、8又は9に記載の製造方法。
11.5~10のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、さらに、
油脂との前記接触工程により得られた油脂含有抽出物に、水、親水性溶媒、又はそれらの混合物を接触させて、前記1種以上のメトキシフラボンを抽出し、そして
当該メトキシフラボンの抽出中に得られる2相混合物を液-液分離に付し、
当該液-液分離工程で分離された、水、親水性溶媒、又はそれらの混合物を含む抽出物を得ることを含む、前記方法。
12.前記液-液分離工程を経て得られた抽出物から、水、親水性溶媒、又はそれらの混合物を除くことを更に含む、11に記載の方法。
13.前記親水性溶媒がC1-3アルコール及び/又はアセトンである、8~12のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
14.5~13のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法によって得られる、前記11種のメトキシフラボンから選択される1種以上のメトキシフラボンを含有する油脂抽出物。
本発明の油脂抽出物は、黒ショウガから油脂抽出を経て得られる抽出物である。当該抽出物は、メトキシフラボンを含有し、そして黒紫色の強度が低減されている。当該抽出物は、さらに油脂、特に抽出に用いられた油脂を含んでもよい。
黒ショウガ(Kaempferia parviflora)は、ショウガ科に属する植物の一種であり、東南アジアを中心に自生もしくは栽培されているため、容易に入手できる。
本発明の油脂抽出物は、1種以上のメトキシフラボンを含有する。本明細書において、「メトキシフラボン」との用語は、1以上のメトキシ基を有するフラボンを意味する。メトキシフラボンは、典型的には、以下の式(I)に示す構造を有する化合物から選択される。
本発明の油脂抽出物の製造に用いられ得る、そして当該抽出物に含まれ得る油脂は、メトキシフラボンを溶解できる限り特に限定されない。典型的には、当該油脂は、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド、ジアシルグリセロール、ゴマサラダ油、オリーブ油、大豆油、ナタネ油、コーン油、米胚芽油、ヒマワリ種子油、シソ油、エゴマ油から選ばれる少なくとも一種である。
本発明の油脂抽出物においては、黒紫色の強度が低減されている。このことを確認するために、当該抽出物の吸光度を測定することが有効である。
本発明の油脂抽出物は、メトキシフラボンや油脂に加えて、他の成分を含有してもよい。例えば、ビタミンE等のビタミン類、ミネラル類、ホルモン、栄養成分などの生理活性成分のほか、製剤化において配合される安定化剤、抗酸化剤等を含有してもよい。
本発明は、別の側面では、黒ショウガから油脂抽出物を製造する方法である。
本発明の油脂抽出物は、飲食品(機能性食品、健康補助食品、栄養機能食品、特別用途食品、特定保健用食品、栄養補助食品、食事療法用食品、健康食品、サプリメント等)、医薬品又は香粧品として、又はその原料として使用することができる。飲食品及び医薬品は、ペットの餌として加工したペットフードや動物飼料等、並びに動物用医薬品でもよい。
明確化のために記載すると、本明細書において下限値と上限値によって表されている数値範囲、即ち「下限値~上限値」は、それら下限値及び上限値を含む。例えば、「1~2」により表される範囲は、1及び2を含む。
(メトキシフラボンの単離精製)
黒ショウガ150gに50%エタノール水溶液1500mlを加え、2時間加熱還流抽出を行った。冷後得られた抽出液をろ過し、減圧下にて濃縮し、凍結乾燥を行い、黒ショウガ抽出物25.7gを得た。得られた抽出物のうち9gをDia ion HP20(三菱化学株式会社製)を用いたカラムクロマトグラフィーに付し、4つの画分(30%エタノール溶出部、50%エタノール溶出部、70%エタノール溶出部、100%エタノール溶出部)へ分画した。このうち50%エタノール溶出部を高速液体クロマトグラフィーに付して、5, 7, 3', 4'-テトラメトキシフラボン(64mg)、3, 5, 7, 3', 4'-ペンタメトキシフラボン(464mg)、5, 7-ジメトキシフラボン(145mg)、5, 7, 4'-トリメトキシフラボン(188mg)、3, 5, 7-トリメトキシフラボン(35mg)、3, 5, 7, 4'-テトラメトキシフラボン(96mg)を単離した。続いて100%エタノール溶出部についても同様に液体クロマトグラフィーによる分離精製を行い5-ヒドロキシ-3, 7, 3', 4'-テトラメトキシフラボン(15mg)、5-ヒドロキシ-7-メトキシフラボン(84mg)、5-ヒドロキシ-7, 4'-ジメトキシフラボン(56mg)、5-ヒドロキシ-3, 7-ジメトキシフラボン(100mg)、5-ヒドロキシ-3, 7, 4'-トリメトキシフラボン(110mg)を単離した。単離した化合物は、そのスペクトルデータを文献(大阪市立大学生活科学研究科 東鋭明氏博士論文「ショウガ科植物Kaempferia parvifloraに含まれる成分の構造とα-グルコシダーゼ阻害活性および抗変異原性」)に記載の各種スペクトルデータと比較の上、同定した。
(油脂抽出物の製造)
3g及び15gの黒ショウガに、それぞれオリーブオイル30mLを加え、120℃で30分間抽出を行った後、冷却してからろ過し、2つの淡黄色の黒ショウガ油脂抽出物を得た。以下の分析条件で、得られた2つの油脂抽出物中のメトキシフラボン11種(表1に記載の化合物1~11)の総含有量を定量したところ、その値は、6.2mg/mL(3gの黒ショウガより)、22.4mg/mL(15gの黒ショウガより)であった。尚、これらの抽出物は、いずれも、表1に記載の化合物1~11を全て含んでいた。
黒ショウガ油脂抽出物1.0mLにn-ヘキサン1.0mLを加え希釈した後、2.0mLの80%メタノール水溶液にて3回メトキシフラボンの抽出を行った。得られた80%メタノール抽出液をMega Bond Elute C18(アジレントテクノロジー社製)に通した後、Mega Bond Elute C18に吸着したメトキシフラボンを洗い出す目的で、80%メタノール2.0mLを通した。得られた液をあわせた後、最終的に10mLへメスアップし、HPLC用の分析試料とした。
カラム:Develosil C30 UG5(4.6x150mm、5μm、野村化学株式会社製)
検出:280nm(PDAは200~600nm)
カラム温度:40℃
移動相A:0.05%トリフロロ酢酸水溶液
移動相B:90%アセトニトリル水溶液中のトリフロロ酢酸0.05%溶液
グラジェント:移動相B 50%-50%-70%-70%(0min-7.5min-20min-25min)
流速:1.0mL/min
試料注入量:10μL
黒ショウガ50gに、エタノール500mLを加えて、1時間加熱還流抽出を行った。得られた液を冷却後、吸引ろ過し、得られた抽出液に中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド15mLを加え、減圧濃縮によりエタノールを留去したのち、不溶物を除く目的で再度吸引ろ過を行い黒ショウガ油脂抽出物を得た。また同様のエタノール抽出操作を行って新たに2つの抽出液を得て、それらに15mlのオリーブ油、又は中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド(日清オイリオグループ株式会社製、日清MCTオイル)とオリーブ油との混合液(混合比率は1:1)を加えて、減圧濃縮によりエタノールを留去したのち、析出した不溶物を吸引ろ過にて除去し、2つの黒ショウガ油脂抽出物を得た。得られた3つの黒ショウガ油脂抽出物について、実施例2に準じて11種のメトキシフラボンの総含有量を分析したところ、その値は、それぞれ34.7mg/mL(中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド)、4.5mg/mL(オリーブ油)、6.7mg/mL(中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリドとオリーブ油との混合液)であった。これらのことから、メトキシフラボンは中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリドに溶解性が高く、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリドが溶剤に適していることが明らかになった。尚、これらの抽出物は、いずれも、表1に記載の化合物1~11を全て含んでいた。
黒ショウガ30gに中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリドとオリーブ油との混合液(混合比率は1:1)30mLを加えて3つの懸濁液を得て、100℃、120℃、及び150℃でそれぞれ抽出を行った後(抽出時間:30分)、ろ過し、3つの油脂抽出物を得た。これらに含まれる11種のメトキシフラボンの総含有量を、実施例2と同様の方法で測定した。当該含有量は、6.8mg/mL(100℃)、22.6mg/mL(120℃)、24.4mg/mL(150℃)であり、より高温での抽出が効率的であることが明らかになった。尚、これらの抽出物は、いずれも、表1に記載の化合物1~11を全て含んでいた。
黒ショウガのロットによる油脂抽出物の組成の違いを確認するため2つの黒ショウガ200gを用意し、それぞれについてエタノール1000mLを加えて、1時間加熱還流抽出を行った。得られた液を冷却後、吸引ろ過して、残渣と抽出液に分けた。再度残渣にエタノール1000mLを加えて、1時間加熱還流抽出を行い、ろ過し、先に得られた抽出液とあわせた。続いて抽出液に中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド100mLを加え、減圧濃縮によりエタノールを留去したのち、析出した不溶物を吸引ろ過にて除去し、2つの黒ショウガ油脂抽出物を得た。実施例2に準じてそれらの抽出物中のメトキシフラボンの含有量を分析したところ、メトキシフラボン総量は、90.4mg/mL(以下、この抽出物を「抽出物A」と呼ぶ)、54.9mg/mL(以下、この抽出物を「抽出物B」と呼ぶ)であった。またこれら2つの抽出物中のメトキシフラボン総量を5mg/mlにオリーブオイルにて調節して2つの溶液を得て、その溶液の660nmにおける吸光度を測定したところ、それぞれ0.036(抽出物A)、0.030(抽出物B)であった(ブランクとしてメタノールを用いた)。尚、これらの抽出物は、いずれも、表1に記載の化合物1~11を全て含んでいた。
黒ショウガ乾燥物200gに50%エタノール水溶液1000mLを加えて、1時間加熱還流抽出を行った。得られた液を冷却後、吸引ろ過して、残渣と抽出液に分けた。再度残渣に50%エタノール水溶液1000mLを加えて、1時間加熱還流抽出を行い、ろ過し、先に得られた抽出液とあわせた。室温まで冷後、減圧濃縮したのち、凍結乾燥を行い黒ショウガエタノール抽出物-1を49g(収率24.5%)得た。黒ショウガのロット間による差を確認する目的で、上述と同様の方法にて操作を行ったところ、黒ショウガエタノール抽出物-2を23g(収率15.2%)得た。続いて、本抽出物中の11種のメトキシフラボン総含有量は実施例2の方法に準じて測定したところ、それぞれ264mg/g、267mg/gであった。黒ショウガエタノール抽出物-1中のメトキシフラボン総量を5mg/mlにメタノールにて調節して溶液を得て、その溶液の660nmにおける吸光度を測定したところ、0.95(ブランクはメタノール)であった。この値は、実施例5において本発明の抽出物から得られた値をはるかに上回っている。尚、これらの抽出物は、いずれも、表1に記載の化合物1~11を全て含んでいた。
市販の黒ショウガ抽出物(商品名:ブラックジンジャー抽出物、丸善製薬株式会社製)中のメトキシフラボン総量を、5mg/mlに50%メタノール水溶液にて調節して溶液を得て、その溶液の660nmにおける吸光度を測定したところ、1.960(ブランクはメタノール)であった。
実施例4に記載の方法(120℃、オリーブ油にて抽出したもの)に準じて黒ショウガから製造された油脂抽出物(A)と、比較例1に記載の方法に準じて黒ショウガから製造された含水アルコール抽出物(B)について、写真を撮影した。油脂抽出物(A)は、総メトキシフラボン量が5mg/mlになるようにオリーブ油により濃度を調節した。含水アルコール抽出物(B)も同様、総メトキシフラボン量が5mg/mlになるように50%エタノール水溶液にて濃度を調節した。結果を図1に示す。図1中の左が油脂抽出物Aであり、右が抽出物Bである。明らかに、本発明の油脂抽出物の方が着色程度が低かった。
実施例5で得られた2つの黒ショウガ油脂抽出物A及びBの各10gにn-ヘキサン10mLを加えた後、80%エタノール水溶液(20mL)に接触させ、メトキシフラボンをエタノール水溶液に転溶させた。ここで得られた混合物を静置して、エタノール水溶液の相を、油脂相から分離させた。当該エタノール水溶液相を取り出し、減圧下にて溶媒を留去して、メトキシフラボンを含有する黄色粉末を抽出物Aから1.03g、抽出物Bから0.68g得た。尚、これらの粉末は、いずれも、表1に記載の化合物1~11を全て含んでいた。
(NOX阻害活性測定のためのサンプル調製)
黒ショウガ10g、20g、30g、40gに、10倍量のエタノールをそれぞれ加えて、1時間加熱還流抽出を行った。得られた液を冷却後、吸引ろ過し、その抽出液に中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド15mLを加え、減圧濃縮によりエタノールを留去したのち、不溶物を除く目的で再度吸引ろ過を行い、それぞれの黒ショウガ油脂抽出物を得た。得られた4つの黒ショウガ油脂抽出物について、実施例2に準じて11種のメトキシフラボンの総含有量を分析したところ、その値は、それぞれ23.9mg/mL、46.3mg/mL、69.4mg/mL、78.1mg/mLであった。また、総メトキシフラボン量を46.3mg/mL以上を含む油脂抽出物は、室温で放置するとメトキシフラボン類の析出が確認された。尚、これらの抽出物は、いずれも、表1に記載の化合物1~11を全て含んでいた。
黒ショウガ油脂抽出物のNOX阻害活性
分化させたHL-60細胞の調製:
ヒト骨髄性白血病細胞HL-60細胞は未分化状態で増殖を繰り返すが、DMSO(dimethyl sulfoxide)やレチノイン酸などを添加することにより成熟顆粒球に分化し、増殖能を失うとともに、分化の指標ともなっているNOX(NADPH oxidase)が細胞内に発現することが知られており、そのNOXは、NOX阻害活性を評価するための酵素源として利用することができる。
DMSO処理により分化させたHL-60細胞を遠心処理により集め、PBS(リン酸緩衝生理食塩水)で一回洗浄した後に、細胞破砕用の緩衝液(131mM NaClおよび340mM sucroseを含有する8mMリン酸緩衝液 pH7.0)を用いて1×108cells/mlとなるように懸濁させた。氷冷させた後に、超音波破砕機(Bioruptor UCD-250HSA、Cosmo Bio製)を用い、4℃以下の条件において「最大出力での破砕20秒/インターバル冷却30秒」のプロセスを3回繰り返すことにより細胞破砕液を得た。破砕液を1000g、4分間の遠心処理することによってdebrisを除去して得られた上清に、9倍容の反応用の緩衝液(1mM EGTA、10μM FADおよび170mM sucroseを含有する65mMリン酸緩衝液 pH7.0)を加え、NOX測定用の細胞破砕上清液(1×107cells/ml相当)を調製した。
DMSO処理により分化させたHL-60細胞を遠心処理により集め、FBSおよびフェノールレッドを含まないD-MEM培地に5×106cells/mlとなるように懸濁させた。NOXの反応は、96wellのマイクロプレートにwellあたり25μlの上記細胞懸濁液を注ぎ、さらに上記のD-MEMを用いて調製した0.8mg/ml WST-1溶液、所定濃度に調製した被験サンプル溶解液(サンプルのDMSO溶液(試薬の場合は通常10mM)を調製し、ここからDMSOを用いて3倍希釈系列の溶液を調製し、これを上記のD-MEMに1v/v%以下になるように溶解させて、当該被験サンプル溶解液を調製した)をそれぞれ25μlずつ添加し攪拌させた後に、25μlの4μM PMA(Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-acetate、終濃度は1μM)D-MEM溶液を添加してNOXの活性化を行い、37℃、45分間の反応を行い、NOX酵素生成物であるスーパーオキシドと反応液中のWST-1が反応して生成する黄色フォルマザンを450nmの吸光度として測定した。なお、このNOX活性測定系では、PMAを添加しない限りNOXは活性化しないことが確認されている。
上記に従い、総メトキシフラボン量22.4mg/mlの黒ショウガ油脂抽出物-1(実施例2で得られたもの)、総メトキシフラボン量69.4mg/mlの黒ショウガ油脂抽出物-2(実施例8で得られたもの)、エタノール抽出物(比較例1で得られた黒ショウガエタノール抽出物-1および2)のNOX阻害活性(分化したHL-60生細胞を用いたNOX阻害活性測定)を測定した。黒ショウガのロット間の活性の強さの違いを見るために2種の黒ショウガについて検討した。また油脂抽出物は、そのままでは活性を測定できなかったため、脱脂処理を行った。具体的には油脂抽出物0.5mLに同量のn-ヘキサン0.5mLを加え希釈した後、0.5mLの80%メタノール水溶液にて3回メトキシフラボンの抽出を行った。得られた抽出液をSep-Pak PLUS C8 125Å Catrtriges(ウォーターズ社製)に吸着させ、さらに80%メタノール3.0mLを通して油分を除いた。その後、Sep-Pak PLUS C8 125Å Catrtrigesを溶媒で洗浄して得られた液を減圧濃縮、凍結乾燥し、評価試料を調製した。測定されたIC50値を以下の表2に示す。
(抽出方法と組成の関係)
実施例9の結果に鑑み、黒ショウガからの油脂抽出物と親水性溶媒抽出物の組成を比較した。具体的には、実施例2~6及び8に準じて、油脂抽出(油脂のみでの抽出、又はエタノール抽出とそれに続く油脂抽出)を行い、比較例1に準じてエタノール抽出を行った。油脂抽出においては、油脂として、オリーブオイル、又はオリーブオイルと中鎖脂肪酸グリセリド(本実施例では、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリドが用いられ、これを「MCT」とも示す)との混合物を用いた。得られた抽出物は、実施例2に記載の方法に基づいてHPLCで分析され、得られたHPLC面積値を以下に示す。以下の表では、便宜上、油脂を単に「Oil」とも示す。また、メトキシフラボンの化合物番号は、表1に記載の化合物番号に対応する。
Claims (14)
- 黒ショウガから得られる油脂抽出物であって、5, 7, 3', 4'-テトラメトキシフラボン、3, 5, 7, 3', 4'-ペンタメトキシフラボン、5, 7-ジメトキシフラボン、5, 7, 4'-トリメトキシフラボン、3, 5, 7-トリメトキシフラボン、3, 5, 7, 4'-テトラメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-3, 7, 3', 4'-テトラメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-7-メトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-7, 4'-ジメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-3, 7-ジメトキシフラボン、及び5-ヒドロキシ-3, 7, 4'-トリメトキシフラボンの11種のメトキシフラボンから選択される1種以上を含有し、当該抽出物から、当該11種のメトキシフラボンの総含有量が5.0mg/mlである溶液を調製し、当該溶液の波長660nmにおける吸光度を測定すると、得られる吸光度が0.10以下である、前記抽出物。
- 前記油脂が、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド、ジアシルグリセロール、ゴマサラダ油、オリーブ油、大豆油、ナタネ油、コーン油、米胚芽油、ヒマワリ種子油、シソ油、エゴマ油から選ばれる少なくとも一種である、請求項1に記載の抽出物。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の抽出物を含む飲食品。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の抽出物を含む香粧品。
- 黒ショウガから、5, 7, 3', 4'-テトラメトキシフラボン、3, 5, 7, 3', 4'-ペンタメトキシフラボン、5, 7-ジメトキシフラボン、5, 7, 4'-トリメトキシフラボン、3, 5, 7-トリメトキシフラボン、3, 5, 7, 4'-テトラメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-3, 7, 3', 4'-テトラメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-7-メトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-7, 4'-ジメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-3, 7-ジメトキシフラボン、及び5-ヒドロキシ-3, 7, 4'-トリメトキシフラボンの11種のメトキシフラボンから選択される1種以上のメトキシフラボンを含有する油脂抽出物を製造する方法であって、黒ショウガの植物体に油脂を接触させて当該1種以上のメトキシフラボンを抽出することを含む、前記方法。
- 前記油脂が、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド、ジアシルグリセロール、ゴマサラダ油、オリーブ油、大豆油、ナタネ油、コーン油、米胚芽油、ヒマワリ種子油、シソ油、エゴマ油から選ばれる少なくとも一種である、請求項5に記載の製造方法。
- 前記抽出を50~180℃で行う、請求項5又は6に記載の製造方法。
- 黒ショウガから、5, 7, 3', 4'-テトラメトキシフラボン、3, 5, 7, 3', 4'-ペンタメトキシフラボン、5, 7-ジメトキシフラボン、5, 7, 4'-トリメトキシフラボン、3, 5, 7-トリメトキシフラボン、3, 5, 7, 4'-テトラメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-3, 7, 3', 4'-テトラメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-7-メトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-7, 4'-ジメトキシフラボン、5-ヒドロキシ-3, 7-ジメトキシフラボン、及び5-ヒドロキシ-3, 7, 4'-トリメトキシフラボンの11種のメトキシフラボンから選択される1種以上のメトキシフラボンを含有する油脂抽出物を製造する方法であって、
黒ショウガの植物体に水、親水性溶媒、又はそれらの混合物を接触させて、当該1種以上のメトキシフラボンを抽出し、そして
当該抽出により得られた中間抽出物に油脂を接触させて当該メトキシフラボンを抽出する
ことを含む、前記方法。 - 当該中間抽出物に油脂を接触させる前に、及び/又はそれらが接触している間に、当該中間抽出物から水、親水性溶媒、又はそれらの混合物を蒸発させることを更に含む、請求項8に記載の製造方法。
- 前記油脂が、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド、ジアシルグリセロール、ゴマサラダ油、オリーブ油、大豆油、ナタネ油、コーン油、米胚芽油、ヒマワリ種子油、シソ油、エゴマ油から選ばれる少なくとも一種である、請求項8又は9に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項5~10のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、さらに、
油脂との前記接触工程により得られた油脂含有抽出物に、水、親水性溶媒、又はそれらの混合物を接触させて、前記1種以上のメトキシフラボンを抽出し、そして
当該メトキシフラボンの抽出中に得られる2相混合物を液-液分離に付し、
当該液-液分離工程で分離された、水、親水性溶媒、又はそれらの混合物を含む抽出物を得る
ことを含む、前記方法。 - 前記液-液分離工程を経て得られた抽出物から、水、親水性溶媒、又はそれらの混合物を除くことを更に含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記親水性溶媒がC1-3アルコール及び/又はアセトンである、請求項8~12のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項5~13のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法によって得られる、前記11種のメトキシフラボンから選択される1種以上のメトキシフラボンを含有する油脂抽出物。
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JP2017112924A (ja) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-06-29 | サントリー食品インターナショナル株式会社 | メトキシフラボンを含有する飲料 |
JP2017112950A (ja) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-06-29 | サントリー食品インターナショナル株式会社 | メトキシフラボンを含有するカフェイン含有飲料 |
JP2017112951A (ja) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-06-29 | サントリー食品インターナショナル株式会社 | メトキシフラボン含有茶飲料 |
WO2020153466A1 (ja) * | 2019-01-25 | 2020-07-30 | 株式会社 沖縄リサーチセンター | 美容用組成物 |
WO2021131264A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-07-01 | 丸善製薬株式会社 | ブラックジンジャー抽出物含有組成物及び経口用組成物 |
JPWO2021131264A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-07-01 | ||
JP7317400B2 (ja) | 2019-12-26 | 2023-07-31 | 丸善製薬株式会社 | ブラックジンジャー抽出物含有組成物及び経口用組成物 |
CN113694155A (zh) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-11-26 | 清华大学 | 一种小花山奈总黄酮提取物及其制备方法与应用 |
JP7398589B1 (ja) * | 2023-05-28 | 2023-12-14 | 昌也 片山 | ショウガ成分含有疼痛緩和用外用剤 |
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CN106455665B (zh) | 2020-06-30 |
US20170065509A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
SG11201609243SA (en) | 2016-12-29 |
CN106455665A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
AU2015256995B2 (en) | 2019-02-07 |
JPWO2015170681A1 (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
JP6521949B2 (ja) | 2019-05-29 |
KR20170002561A (ko) | 2017-01-06 |
TWI682721B (zh) | 2020-01-21 |
TW201545663A (zh) | 2015-12-16 |
CA2948125A1 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
SG10201808943RA (en) | 2018-11-29 |
AU2015256995A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
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