WO2014203530A1 - 液化ガス保持タンクおよび液化ガス運搬船 - Google Patents

液化ガス保持タンクおよび液化ガス運搬船 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014203530A1
WO2014203530A1 PCT/JP2014/003273 JP2014003273W WO2014203530A1 WO 2014203530 A1 WO2014203530 A1 WO 2014203530A1 JP 2014003273 W JP2014003273 W JP 2014003273W WO 2014203530 A1 WO2014203530 A1 WO 2014203530A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tank
liquefied gas
vacuum
inner tank
degree
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2014/003273
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
良介 浦口
祐吉 孝岡
達哉 本井
村岸 治
Original Assignee
川崎重工業株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 川崎重工業株式会社 filed Critical 川崎重工業株式会社
Priority to EP14814324.1A priority Critical patent/EP3012510B1/en
Priority to JP2015522560A priority patent/JP6212553B2/ja
Priority to BR112015030860A priority patent/BR112015030860A2/pt
Priority to CN201480033003.3A priority patent/CN105308381B/zh
Priority to US14/900,274 priority patent/US10317010B2/en
Priority to KR1020157035767A priority patent/KR101865210B1/ko
Publication of WO2014203530A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014203530A1/ja

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/14Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed pressurised
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/02Wall construction
    • B65D90/028Wall construction hollow-walled, e.g. double-walled with spacers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/22Safety features
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/04Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01Shape
    • F17C2201/0104Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03Orientation
    • F17C2201/035Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05Size
    • F17C2201/054Size medium (>1 m3)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0308Radiation shield
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329Foam
    • F17C2203/0333Polyurethane
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629Two walls
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0103Exterior arrangements
    • F17C2205/0111Boxes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/018Supporting feet
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323Valves
    • F17C2205/0332Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0379Manholes or access openings for human beings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012Hydrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
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    • F17C2221/032Hydrocarbons
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03Mixtures
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    • F17C2221/035Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
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    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2225/0123Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2260/00Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2265/00Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06Fluid distribution
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    • F17C2270/00Applications
    • F17C2270/01Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105Ships
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a liquefied gas holding tank used for transporting and storing liquefied gas, and a liquefied gas carrier ship equipped with the liquefied gas holding tank.
  • Patent Literature 1 discloses a liquefied gas holding tank in which an outer surface of an inner tub is covered with a heat insulating film and an inner surface of the outer tub is covered with a heat insulating layer for preventing leakage.
  • the cryogenic liquefied gas has a very low boiling point, so it boils when the degree of vacuum in the vacuum space deteriorates and heat is transferred from the outer tank to the inner tank.
  • the heat-insulating layer for preventing leakage in the liquefied gas holding tank disclosed in Patent Document 1 is for preventing such boiling of the liquefied gas. That is, even when the degree of vacuum in the vacuum space is deteriorated, a certain degree of heat insulation is maintained in the liquefied gas holding tank by the heat insulating layer for preventing leakage.
  • Patent Document 1 describes that the heat-insulating layer for preventing leakage is made of a foamable heat insulating material.
  • a foamable heat insulating material is arranged on the inner side surface of the outer tub, if the degree of vacuum in the vacuum space is high, gas (from the foamable heat insulating material) is formed from the surface of the resin constituting the foamable heat insulating material. Since the gas trapped between the resin molecules, not the air in the voids, comes out over time, the degree of vacuum may deteriorate over time.
  • the present invention provides a liquefied gas holding tank capable of suppressing deterioration of the degree of vacuum in the vacuum space with time, and provides a liquefied gas carrier ship equipped with the liquefied gas holding tank. Objective.
  • the liquefied gas holding tank of the present invention covers an inner tank that stores liquefied gas, an outer tank that secures a vacuum space between the inner tank, and an outer surface of the outer tank. And an emergency heat insulating layer.
  • the emergency heat insulating layer is not disposed in the vacuum space, it is possible to suppress the vacuum degree of the vacuum space from deteriorating with time.
  • the liquefied gas holding tank may further include a vacuum region heat insulating layer that is spaced apart from the inner surface of the outer tank and covers the outer surface of the inner tank. According to this configuration, heat transfer due to radiation between the inner tank and the outer tank can be prevented.
  • the liquefied gas carrier of the present invention includes the liquefied gas holding tank and a tank cover that wraps the liquefied gas holding tank so as to secure a space between the liquefied gas holding tank and the liquefied gas holding ship.
  • An inert gas is sealed in a space between the holding tank and the tank cover.
  • the liquefied gas carrier ship has a vacuum degree detector for detecting a vacuum degree in a vacuum space between an inner tank and an outer tank of the liquefied gas holding tank, and a degree of vacuum detected by the vacuum degree detector is a voyage.
  • the liquefied gas carrier ship has a relief path for guiding the boil-off gas generated in the inner tank to the outside of the tank cover, and the pressure in the inner tank provided in the escape path is equal to or higher than a predetermined pressure. And a relief valve that opens to the top. According to this configuration, even if the liquefied gas boils in the inner tank and a large amount of boil-off gas is generated, the pressure in the inner tank can be maintained within a predetermined pressure.
  • the liquefied gas carrier is provided in the combustion path, a gas combustion unit capable of combusting boil-off gas generated in the inner tank, a combustion path for guiding boil-off gas from the inner tank to the gas combustion unit, And an on-off valve that opens when the pressure in the inner tank becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined pressure.
  • the present invention it is possible to suppress the vacuum degree of the vacuum space from deteriorating with time.
  • FIG. 1 It is side surface sectional drawing of a part of liquefied gas carrier ship equipped with the liquefied gas holding
  • FIG. 1 shows a part of a liquefied gas carrier 1 equipped with a liquefied gas holding tank 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the liquefied gas holding tank 2 has a horizontal cylindrical shape.
  • the liquefied gas holding tank 2 may be spherical.
  • the liquefied gas holding tank 2 does not necessarily need to be mounted on the liquefied gas carrier 1, and may be installed on the ground as a tank for a power plant, for example.
  • the liquefied gas holding tank 2 may have a cylindrical shape whose axial direction is parallel to the vertical direction, for example.
  • the liquefied gas holding tank 2 is arranged so that the axial direction of the tank 2 is parallel to the ship length direction.
  • the liquefied gas holding tank 2 is a double shell tank, and includes an inner tank 3 that stores liquefied gas and an outer tank 4 that secures a vacuum space 20 between the inner tank 3.
  • the liquefied gas stored in the inner tank 3 is a cryogenic liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas (LNG, about ⁇ 160 ° C.) or liquefied hydrogen (LH 2 , about ⁇ 250 ° C.).
  • the liquefied gas may be a liquefied gas having a relatively high temperature such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG, about ⁇ 45 ° C.) or liquefied ethylene gas (LEG, about ⁇ 100 ° C.).
  • the inner tank 3 includes an inner tank body 31 and an inner tank dome 32.
  • the inner tank main body 31 is composed of a trunk portion extending in the lateral direction with a constant cross-sectional shape, and a hemispherical closure portion that closes the openings on both sides of the trunk portion.
  • the closing part may be a flat perpendicular to the body part or may be dish-shaped.
  • the inner tank dome 32 is a part for collecting pipes penetrating the inner tank 3.
  • the inner tank dome 32 protrudes upward from the trunk of the inner tank main body 31.
  • the inner tank dome 32 may protrude obliquely upward from, for example, the trunk or the closed part of the inner tank main body 31.
  • the outer tub 4 has an outer tub body 41 surrounding the inner tub body 31 and an outer dome 42 surrounding the inner dome 32. That is, the outer tank main body 41 has a shape in which the inner tank main body 31 is enlarged, and the outer tank dome 42 has a shape in which the inner tank dome 32 is enlarged.
  • the outer tank main body 41 is supported at a position spaced apart from each other in the axial direction of the tank 2 by, for example, a pair of saddles 13 provided on the ship bottom 11.
  • a pair of support members 25 that support the inner tank body 31 at the same position as the saddle 13 are disposed between the inner tank body 31 and the outer tank body 41.
  • the inner tank dome 32 and the outer tank dome 42 are provided with manholes 35 and 45 for enabling inspection of the inner tank 3, respectively.
  • the manholes 35 and 45 may be provided in the inner tank main body 31 and the outer tank main body 41.
  • the liquefied gas holding tank 2 has a vacuum region heat insulating layer 5 for preventing heat transfer due to radiation in the vacuum space 20 and a liquefied gas boiling even when the vacuum degree of the vacuum space 20 deteriorates.
  • An emergency heat insulating layer 6 is included.
  • the vacuum region heat insulating layer 5 covers the outer surface of the inner tub 3 in close contact with the outer surface while being separated from the inner surface of the outer tub 4, and the emergency heat insulating layer 6 covers the outer surface of the outer tub 4. Covering the outer surface in close contact.
  • the vacuum region heat insulating layer 5 is disposed only on the outer surface of the inner tank body 31, but may be disposed on the outer surface of the inner tank dome 32. In other words, the entire outer surface of the inner tub 3 may be covered with the vacuum region heat insulating layer 5.
  • the emergency heat insulating layer 6 is disposed on the outer surface of the outer tub main body 41 and the outer surface of the outer tub dome 42, and covers the entire outer surface of the outer tub 4.
  • the vacuum region heat insulating layer 5 is formed by alternately laminating radiation shield plates and spacers.
  • the radiation shield plate is composed of a synthetic resin sheet and a metal film.
  • the metal film is formed, for example, by vapor-depositing aluminum (gold or silver) on the surface of the synthetic resin sheet.
  • the spacer is a sheet made of a resin having a low thermal conductivity. As such a sheet, a net, a woven fabric, a non-woven fabric, or the like can be used.
  • the vacuum region heat insulation layer 5 is fixed on the outer surface of the inner tub 3 by, for example, a restraining member (for example, a mesh material) wound around the vacuum region heat insulation layer 5.
  • the emergency heat insulating layer 6 has a two-layer structure of an inner heat insulating layer 61 and an outer heat insulating layer 63 as shown in FIG.
  • a reinforcing material 62 is disposed between the inner heat insulating layer 61 and the outer heat insulating layer 63, and an aluminum plastic sheet 64 is disposed on the surface of the outer heat insulating layer 63.
  • the reinforcing member 62 is, for example, a metal mesh, and a washer and a nut seat when the emergency heat insulating layer 6 is fixed using a stat bolt (not shown) provided on the outer surface of the outer tub 4. Function as.
  • the inner heat-insulating layer 61 for example, a phenol resin foam that hardly cracks or breaks due to cooling can be used.
  • the outer heat-insulating layer 63 for example, a hard polyurethane foam that is easy to handle can be used.
  • the liquefied gas carrier 1 is equipped with a tank cover 12 that wraps the liquefied gas holding tank 2 so as to secure a space 10 between the liquefied gas holding tank 2. That is, the tank cover 12 is separated from the emergency heat insulating layer 6 over the entire circumference.
  • the tank cover 12 has a shape that opens downward, and forms a sealed space together with the hull (for example, the ship bottom 11 and the bulkhead).
  • the tank cover 12 is provided with a manhole 15 at a position corresponding to the manholes 35 and 45 of the liquefied gas holding tank 2.
  • An inert gas is sealed in the space 10 between the liquefied gas holding tank 2 and the tank cover 12.
  • nitrogen or argon can be used as the inert gas.
  • the inert gas enclosed in the space 10 is preferably a dry gas. This is because the emergency heat insulating layer 6 can be kept dry.
  • the liquefied gas carrier 1 combusts the liquefied gas as a configuration for maintaining the pressure in the inner tank 3 within a predetermined pressure even when the liquefied gas boils in the inner tank 3 and a large amount of boil-off gas is generated.
  • the liquefied gas carrier 1 detects the degree of vacuum (unit: Pa) in the vacuum space 20 between the inner tank 3 and the outer tank 4 and the temperature of the outer tank 4.
  • An alarm device 73 and a display 74 are connected to the control device 7.
  • the liquefied gas carrier 1 generally employs a large liquefied gas holding tank 2 having a vacuum space 20 with a volume of several hundreds of cubic meters (m 3 ).
  • a large liquefied gas holding tank 2 having a vacuum space 20 with a volume of several hundreds of cubic meters (m 3 ).
  • the degree of vacuum of the vacuum space 20 varies depending on the location.
  • the plurality of vacuum detectors 71 are arranged at appropriate positions.
  • the vacuum degree detectors 71 are disposed on both sides of the tank 2 in the axial direction and above and below the tank 2.
  • the temperature sensor 72 is used to determine whether or not the deterioration of the degree of vacuum detected by the degree-of-vacuum detector 71 causes the outer tank 4 to change in temperature. For this reason, the temperature sensor 72 is arranged in the vicinity of each vacuum degree detector 71.
  • the control device 7 stores at least three set values as the determination criteria for the degree of vacuum.
  • the three set values were set to the allowable vacuum limit R0, the vacuum level lower than R0 (the pressure value is larger than R0), the limit of continuous navigation R1, and the lower vacuum level than R1. This is the avoidable navigation limit R2.
  • the allowable vacuum limit R0 is a degree of vacuum in which the heat insulation property of the vacuum space 20 may be lowered. When the degree of vacuum is higher than the degree of vacuum tolerance R0 (when the degree of vacuum is smaller than R0), the voyage can be continued safely without operating the vacuum pump 70.
  • the allowable vacuum limit R0 can be set according to the volume of the vacuum space 20.
  • the continuous voyage limit R1 is a limit value of the degree of vacuum at which the voyage can be continued safely and continuously by operating the vacuum pump 70 continuously or for a certain period of time.
  • the continuous navigation limit R1 can be set according to the capacity of the vacuum pump 70 and the volume of the vacuum space 20.
  • the continuous voyage limit R1 is also the degree of vacuum at which an evacuated voyage for a liquefied gas carrier in operation to call at the nearest repair facility is started.
  • the avoidable voyage limit R2 can be set as a degree of vacuum at which the pressure in the inner tank 3 does not reach the design pressure during the voyage days required for the liquefied gas carrier to avoid voyage.
  • the avoidable navigation limit R2 can be set in consideration of the capability of the combustion system 9 and the pressure value in the inner tank 3 in addition to the capability of the vacuum pump 70 and the volume of the vacuum space 20.
  • the control device 7 outputs to the display 74 a vacuum level signal corresponding to the minimum value of the vacuum level detected by the vacuum level detector 71 (the value at the place where the vacuum level is most deteriorated).
  • the indicator 74 includes a needle 74 a, a normal voyage area 75 and a quasi-normal voyage area 76 that are navigable areas, and an avoidance voyage area 77 and an abnormal voyage area 78 that are necessary port calls.
  • the display plate 74b is provided, and the needle 74a is moved in conjunction with the vacuum level signal to display in which region the detected vacuum level is.
  • the display device 74 functions as a notification device that notifies whether the degree of vacuum detected by the degree-of-vacuum detector 71 is in a voyageable area or a port-necessary area. As a result, the vessel operator can easily determine whether to continue the voyage or to call at the port. In particular, if the display device 74 is used as in this embodiment, the determination can be understood at a glance.
  • the above-described allowable vacuum limit R0 is at the boundary between the normal voyage area 75 and the quasi-normal voyage area 76
  • the continuous voyage limit R1 is at the boundary between the quasi-normal voyage area 76 and the avoidance voyage area 77
  • the avoidance voyage limit R2 is It is at the boundary between the avoidance voyage area 77 and the abnormal voyage area 78.
  • the control device 7 outputs an alarm signal to the alarm device 73 and causes the alarm device 73 to issue an alarm when the minimum value of the vacuum level detected by the vacuum level detector 71 exceeds the allowable vacuum limit R0. Then, the vacuum pump 70 is operated. By checking the display 74, the ship operator can understand that there is no problem even if the voyage is continued.
  • the control device 7 When the vacuum degree of the vacuum space 20 continues to deteriorate even when the vacuum pump 70 is operated, and the minimum value of the vacuum degree detected by the vacuum degree detector 71 exceeds the continuous voyage limit R1, the control device 7 Again, an alarm signal is output to the alarm device 73 to cause the alarm device 73 to issue an alarm.
  • the alarm at this time may be the same as the alarm when the allowable vacuum limit R0 is exceeded, but is preferably different.
  • the control device 7 Outputs an abnormal alarm signal to the alarm device 73 and causes the alarm device 73 to issue an abnormal alarm.
  • control device 7 calculates the detection values obtained by the vacuum degree detector 71 and the temperature sensor 72, the average value and the average time differential value in the sample time, and from these calculated values, each degree of vacuum is calculated. It may have a function of predicting the time to reach the vacuum limit.
  • Navigation determination refers to, for example, determination of repair timing or change of operation schedule.
  • the amount of suction by the vacuum pump and the amount of leakage due to the atmospheric temperature may be considered.
  • the combustion system 9 described above includes a gas combustion unit (GCU) 90 capable of combusting boil-off gas generated in the inner tank 3, and a combustion path 91 for guiding the boil-off gas from the inner tank 3 to the gas combustion unit 90.
  • the combustion path 91 is provided with an on-off valve 92 that opens when the pressure in the inner tank 3 becomes equal to or higher than the first set pressure (predetermined pressure of the present invention).
  • the on-off valve 92 may be a relief valve that automatically opens according to the pressure in the inner tank 3.
  • the on-off valve 92 is an electromagnetic valve, and is provided with a pressure gauge for detecting the pressure in the inner tub 3, and the control device when the pressure detected by the pressure gauge becomes equal to or higher than the first set pressure. 7, the on-off valve 92 may be opened.
  • the atmosphere release system 8 includes an escape path 81 that guides boil-off gas generated in the inner tank 3 to the outside of the tank cover 12.
  • the relief passage 81 is provided with a relief valve 82 that opens when the pressure in the inner tank 3 becomes equal to or higher than the second set pressure (predetermined pressure of the present invention).
  • the combustion system 9 when the second set pressure is larger than the first set pressure, the degree of vacuum in the vacuum space 20 deteriorates and boil-off gas continues to be generated in the inner tank 3, the combustion system 9 operates first,
  • the atmosphere release system 8 is preliminarily activated.
  • the first set pressure is a pressure when the degree of vacuum of the vacuum space 20 is in the avoidance voyage region 77
  • the second set pressure is a value when the degree of vacuum of the vacuum space 20 is in the abnormal voyage region 78. Pressure.
  • the first set pressure may be larger than the second set pressure, the atmosphere release system 8 may be operated first, and the combustion system 9 may be operated preliminarily. It is also possible to employ only one of the air release system 8 and the combustion system 9.
  • the liquefied gas carrier 1 may be provided with a dumping system that dumps the liquefied gas to the sea when the boil-off gas treatment is insufficient even by the atmosphere release system 8.
  • the pressure when the liquefied gas is dumped on the sea is the pressure when the degree of vacuum of the vacuum space 20 is within the abnormal voyage region 78.
  • the emergency heat insulating layer 6 is not disposed in the vacuum space 20, so that the degree of vacuum of the vacuum space 20 is prevented from deteriorating with time. be able to. And since the emergency heat insulation layer 6 prevents the boiling of the liquefied gas when the vacuum degree of the vacuum space 20 is deteriorated, a full secondary barrier (a separate vacuum space outside the vacuum space 20). There is no need to provide. Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the outer surface of the inner tank 3 is covered with the vacuum region heat insulating layer 5, heat transfer due to radiation between the inner tank and the outer tank can be prevented.
  • the vacuum region heat insulating layer 5 may be omitted.
  • the notification device informs by voice whether the degree of vacuum detected by the degree-of-vacuum detector 71 is in a navigable area or in a port-required area.
  • An audible device can be used.
  • the liquefied gas holding tank of the present invention is useful not only as a tank mounted on a liquefied gas carrier ship but also as a tank installed on the ground.

Abstract

 液化ガス保持タンク(2)は、液化ガスを貯留する内槽(3)と、内槽(3)との間に真空空間(20)を確保する外槽(4)と、外槽(4)の外側面を覆う非常用断熱層(6)と、を備えている。この構成によれば、非常用断熱層(6)が真空空間(20)内に配置されていないので、真空空間(20)の真空度が時間経過と共に劣化することを抑制することができる。

Description

液化ガス保持タンクおよび液化ガス運搬船
 本発明は、液化ガスの輸送や貯蔵に用いられる液化ガス保持タンク、およびこの液化ガス保持タンクを備えた液化ガス運搬船に関する。
 従来から、極低温の液化ガス用のタンクとして、内槽と外槽との間に真空空間が確保された二重殻構造の液化ガス保持タンクが知られている。例えば、特許文献1には、内槽の外側面を断熱フィルムで覆い、外槽の内側面をリーク対策用断熱層で覆った液化ガス保持タンクが開示されている。
 極低温の液化ガスは、沸点が非常に低いために、真空空間の真空度が劣化して外槽から内槽に熱が伝達されると、沸騰する。特許文献1に開示された液化ガス保持タンクにおけるリーク対策用断熱層は、そのような液化ガスの沸騰を防止するためのものである。すなわち、真空空間の真空度が劣化したときでも、リーク対策用断熱層により、ある程度の断熱性が液化ガス保持タンクに維持される。
特開平10-141595号公報
 特許文献1には、リーク対策用断熱層を発泡性断熱材で構成することが記載されている。しかしながら、このような発泡性断熱材が外槽の内側面上に配置されている場合、真空空間の真空度が高いと、発泡性断熱材を構成する樹脂の表面からガス(発泡性断熱材の空隙内の空気ではなく、樹脂の分子間に捕えられたガス)が時間をかけて出てくるため、時間経過と共に真空度が劣化するおそれがある。
 そこで、本発明は、真空空間の真空度が時間経過と共に劣化することを抑制することができる液化ガス保持タンクを提供すること、およびこの液化ガス保持タンクを備えた液化ガス運搬船を提供することを目的とする。
 前記課題を解決するために、本発明の液化ガス保持タンクは、液化ガスを貯留する内槽と、前記内槽との間に真空空間を確保する外槽と、前記外槽の外側面を覆う非常用断熱層と、を備える、ことを特徴とする。
 上記の構成によれば、非常用断熱層が真空空間内に配置されていないので、真空空間の真空度が時間経過と共に劣化することを抑制することができる。
 上記の液化ガス保持タンクは、前記外槽の内側面から離間して前記内槽の外側面を覆う真空域断熱層をさらに備えてもよい。この構成によれば、内槽と外槽との間の輻射による熱伝達を防止することができる。
 また、本発明の液化ガス運搬船は、上記の液化ガス保持タンクと、前記液化ガス保持タンクとの間に空間を確保するように前記液化ガス保持タンクを包み込むタンクカバーと、を備え、前記液化ガス保持タンクと前記タンクカバーの間の空間には不活性ガスが封入されている、ことを特徴とする。
 上記の構成によれば、例えば、酸素の液化温度より低い極低温の液化ガスが内槽から真空空間に漏れ出した場合でも、液化ガス保持タンクの周囲に液化酸素が生成されることを防止することができる。
 上記の液化ガス運搬船は、前記液化ガス保持タンクの内槽と外槽の間の真空空間の真空度を検出するための真空度検出器と、前記真空度検出器によって検出される真空度が航海可能領域にあるか寄港必要領域にあるかを通知する通知装置と、をさらに備えてもよい。この構成によれば、操船者が、航海を続行すべきか寄港すべきかを簡単に判断することができる。
 上記の液化ガス運搬船は、前記内槽内で発生するボイルオフガスを前記タンクカバーの外部へ導く逃し路と、前記逃し路に設けられた、前記内槽内の圧力が所定圧力以上となったときに開くリリーフ弁と、をさらに備えてもよい。この構成によれば、内槽内で液化ガスが沸騰してボイルオフガスが大量に発生しても、内槽内の圧力を所定圧力以内に維持することができる。
 上記の液化ガス運搬船は、前記内槽内で発生するボイルオフガスを燃焼可能なガス燃焼ユニットと、前記内槽から前記ガス燃焼ユニットへボイルオフガスを導く燃焼路と、前記燃焼路に設けられた、前記内槽内の圧力が所定圧力以上となったときに開く開閉弁と、をさらに備えてもよい。この構成によれば、内槽内で液化ガスが沸騰してボイルオフガスが大量に発生しても、内槽内の圧力を所定圧力以内に維持することができる。
 本発明によれば、真空空間の真空度が時間経過と共に劣化することを抑制することができる。
本発明の一実施形態に係る液化ガス保持タンクが搭載された液化ガス運搬船の一部の側面断面図である。 図1に示す液化ガス保持タンクの部分的な拡大断面図である。 通知装置の一例である表示器を示す図である。
 図1に、本発明の一実施形態に係る液化ガス保持タンク2が搭載された液化ガス運搬船1の一部を示す。
 本実施形態では、液化ガス保持タンク2は、横置き円筒状である。ただし、液化ガス保持タンク2は、球形状であってもよい。また、液化ガス保持タンク2は、必ずしも液化ガス運搬船1に搭載される必要はなく、例えば発電所用のタンクとして地上に設置されてもよい。この場合、液化ガス保持タンク2は、例えば軸方向が鉛直方向と平行な円筒状であってもよい。
 液化ガス保持タンク2は、タンク2の軸方向が船長方向と平行となる向きで配置される。具体的に、液化ガス保持タンク2は、二重殻タンクであり、液化ガスを貯留する内槽3と、内槽3との間に真空空間20を確保する外槽4を備える。
 内槽3に貯留される液化ガスは、液化天然ガス(LNG、約-160℃)、液化水素(LH2、約-250℃)などの極低温の液化ガスである。ただし、液化ガスは、液化石油ガス(LPG、約-45℃)、液化エチレンガス(LEG、約-100℃)などの相対的に高い温度の液化ガスであってもよい。
 内槽3は、内槽本体部31と内槽ドーム32を含む。内槽本体部31は、一定の断面形状で横方向に延びる胴部と、この胴部の両側の開口を塞ぐ半球状の閉塞部とで構成されている。ただし、閉塞部は、胴部と垂直なフラットであってもよいし、皿状であってもよい。内槽ドーム32は、内槽3を貫通する配管類を集約するための部分である。本実施形態では、内槽ドーム32が内槽本体部31の胴部から上向きに突出している。ただし、内槽ドーム32は、例えば、内槽本体部31の胴部または閉塞部から斜め上向きに突出していてもよい。
 外槽4は、内槽本体部31を取り囲む外槽本体部41と、内槽ドーム32を取り囲む外槽ドーム42を有している。すなわち、外槽本体部41は内槽本体部31を大型化した形状を有しており、外槽ドーム42は内槽ドーム32を大型化した形状を有している。
 外槽本体部41は、例えば、船底11に設けられた一対のサドル13により、タンク2の軸方向に互いに離間する位置で支持される。一方、内槽本体部31と外槽本体部41の間には、サドル13と同じ位置で内槽本体部31を支持する一対の支持部材25が配置されている。
 また、内槽ドーム32および外槽ドーム42には、内槽3内の点検を可能にするためのマンホール35,45がそれぞれ設けられている。ただし、マンホール35,45は、内槽本体部31および外槽本体部41に設けられていてもよい。
 さらに、液化ガス保持タンク2は、真空空間20での輻射による熱伝達を防止するための真空域断熱層5と、真空空間20の真空度が劣化したときでも液化ガスの沸騰を防止するための非常用断熱層6を含む。真空域断熱層5は、外槽4の内側面から離間しながら内槽3の外側面を当該外側面に密着した状態で覆っており、非常用断熱層6は、外槽4の外側面を当該外側面に密着した状態で覆っている。
 本実施形態では、真空域断熱層5は、内槽本体部31の外側面上のみに配置されているが、内槽ドーム32の外側面上にも配置されていてもよい。換言すれば、内槽3の外側面の全面が真空域断熱層5で覆われていてもよい。非常用断熱層6は、外槽本体部41の外側面上および外槽ドーム42の外側面上に配置されていて、外槽4の外側面の全面を覆っている。
 真空域断熱層5は、輻射シールド板とスペーサを交互に積層したものである。輻射シールド板は、合成樹脂シートと金属皮膜とで構成される。金属皮膜は、例えば、合成樹脂シートの表面にアルミニウム(金または銀でもよい)を蒸着させることにより形成される。スペーサは、熱伝導率の小さな樹脂からなるシートである。このようなシートとしては、ネット、織布、不織布などを用いることができる。真空域断熱層5は、例えば、当該真空域断熱層5の外側に巻き付けられる拘束部材(例えば、メッシュ材)により内槽3の外側面上に固定される。
 一方、非常用断熱層6は、図2に示すように、内側防熱層61と外側防熱層63の二層構造を有している。内側防熱層61と外側防熱層63の間には補強材62が配置され、外側防熱層63の表面上にはアルミプラスチックシート64が配置されている。補強材62は、例えば、金属製のメッシュであり、外槽4の外側面に設けられたスタットボルト(図示せず)を用いて非常用断熱層6を固定する際に、ワッシャおよびナットの座として機能する。
 内側防熱層61としては、例えば、冷却によって亀裂や割れが発生し難いフェノール樹脂発泡体を用いることができる。外側防熱層63としては、例えば、取り扱いが容易な硬質ポリウレタン発泡体を用いることができる。
 図1に戻って、液化ガス運搬船1には、液化ガス保持タンク2との間に空間10を確保するように液化ガス保持タンク2を包み込むタンクカバー12が装備されている。すなわち、タンクカバー12は、全周に亘って非常用断熱層6から離間している。具体的に、タンクカバー12は、下向きに開口する形状を有し、船体(例えば、船底11や隔壁)と共に密閉空間を形成する。なお、タンクカバー12には、液化ガス保持タンク2のマンホール35,45と対応する位置にマンホール15が設けられている。
 液化ガス保持タンク2とタンクカバー12の間の空間10には、不活性ガスが封入されている。不活性ガスとしては、例えば、窒素、アルゴンなどを利用することができる。これにより、例えば、酸素の液化温度より低い極低温の液化ガスが内槽3から真空空間20に漏れ出した場合でも、液化ガス保持タンク2の周囲に液化酸素が生成されることを防止することができる。空間10に封入される不活性ガスは、乾燥ガスであることが好ましい。非常用断熱層6を乾燥状態に保つことができるからである。
 さらに、液化ガス運搬船1は、内槽3内で液化ガスが沸騰してボイルオフガスが大量に発生しても内槽3内の圧力を所定圧力以内に維持するための構成として、液化ガスを燃焼させる燃焼システム9と、液化ガスを大気中に開放する大気開放システム8を備えている。また、液化ガス運搬船1は、内槽3と外槽4の間の真空空間20の真空度(単位:Pa)を検出するための真空度検出器71と、外槽4の温度を検出するための温度センサ72と、真空空間20を真空引き可能な真空ポンプ70と、真空度検出器71および温度センサ72の検出結果に基づいて真空ポンプ70を制御する制御装置7を備えている。制御装置7には、警報装置73および表示器74が接続されている。
 液化ガス運搬船1では、通常、真空空間20の容積が数百立米(m3)もあるような大型の液化ガス保持タンク2が採用される。このような大型の液化ガス保持タンク2では、真空空間20の真空度は場所によって異なる。このため、複数の真空度検出器71が適所に配置される。例えば、タンク2の軸方向の両側ならびにタンク2の上方および下方に、真空度検出器71が配置される。
 温度センサ72は、真空度検出器71により検出される真空度の劣化が外槽4の温度変化をもたらす程度のものであるか否かを判定するために使用される。このため、温度センサ72は、各真空度検出器71の近傍に配置される。
 制御装置7には、真空度の判定基準として、少なくとも3つの設定値が格納されている。3つの設定値は、真空度許容限界R0と、R0よりも低い真空度に設定された(圧力値としてはR0よりも大きな)連続航海可能限界R1と、R1よりも低い真空度に設定された回避航海可能限界R2である。真空度許容限界R0は、真空空間20の断熱性の低下が懸念される真空度である。真空度許容限界R0より真空度が高い場合(圧力値としては真空度がR0よりも小さい場合)、真空ポンプ70を稼動することなく、安全に航海が継続できる。真空度許容限界R0は真空空間20の容積により設定可能である。連続航海可能限界R1は、真空ポンプ70を連続的または一定期間稼動することで、安全に航海が連続継続して出来得る真空度の限界値である。連続航海可能限界R1は真空ポンプ70の能力や真空空間20の容積により設定可能である。また、連続航海可能限界R1は、航行中の液化ガス運搬船が最寄りの修繕施設に寄港するための回避航海を開始する真空度でもある。回避航海可能限界R2は、液化ガス運搬船が回避航海に必要な航海日数の間に内槽3内の圧力が設計圧力に到達しない真空度として設定できる。回避航海可能限界R2は真空ポンプ70の能力や真空空間20の容積に加えて、燃焼システム9の能力および内槽3内の圧力値を考慮に入れて設定することが可能である。
 制御装置7は、真空度検出器71により検出される真空度の最低値(真空度が最も劣化している箇所の値)に応じた真空度信号を表示器74に出力する。表示器74は、例えば図3に示すように、針74aと、航海可能領域である正常航海領域75および準正常航海領域76、ならびに寄港必要領域である回避航海領域77および異常航海領域78が描かれた表示板74bを有し、針74aを真空度信号に連動して動かすことにより、検出された真空度がどの領域にあるかを表示する。すなわち、表示器74は、真空度検出器71によって検出される真空度が航海可能領域にあるか寄港必要領域にあるかを通知する通知装置として機能する。これにより、操船者が、航海を続行すべきか寄港すべきかを簡単に判断することができる。特に、本実施形態のように表示器74を用いれば、その判断が一目で分かるようになる。上述した真空度許容限界R0は正常航海領域75と準正常航海領域76の境界にあり、連続航海可能限界R1は準正常航海領域76と回避航海領域77の境界にあり、回避航海可能限界R2は回避航海領域77と異常航海領域78の境界にある。
 制御装置7は、真空度検出器71により検出される真空度の最低値が真空度許容限界R0を超えたときに、警報装置73に警報信号を出力し、警報装置73に警報を発令させるとともに、真空ポンプ70を稼動させる。操船者は、表示器74を確認することにより、航海をそのまま続行しても問題ないことを理解できる。
 真空ポンプ70を稼動させても真空空間20の真空度が劣化し続け、真空度検出器71により検出される真空度の最低値が連続航海可能限界R1を超えたときは、制御装置7は、再度、警報装置73に警報信号を出力し、警報装置73に警報を発令させる。このときの警報は、真空度許容限界R0を超えたときの警報と同じであってもよいが異なっていることが望ましい。操船者は、表示器74を確認することにより、航海を中断して寄港しなければならないことを理解できる。さらに、真空ポンプ70を稼動させても真空空間20の真空度が劣化し続け、真空度検出器71により検出される真空度の最低値が回避航海可能限界R2に達した時点で、制御装置7は、警報装置73に異常警報信号を出力し、警報装置73に異常警報を発令させる。
 また、制御装置7は、真空度検出器71および温度センサ72で得られた検出値や、サンプル時間におけるそれらの平均値や平均時間微分値を算出し、これらの算出値から、真空度の各真空度許容限界に達する時間を予想する機能を有していてもよい。
 また、所定の期間における真空度を記録し、真空度変化率を算出し、真空度ならびに当該真空度変化率に基づき、航行判断をすることができる。航行判断とは、たとえば修繕の時期決定や運航スケジュールの変更を指す。
 また、航行判断においては、真空度変化率に加え、真空ポンプによる吸引量、大気温度によるリーク量変動を考慮してもよい。
 上述した燃焼システム9は、内槽3内で発生するボイルオフガスを燃焼可能なガス燃焼ユニット(GCU)90と、内槽3からガス燃焼ユニット90へボイルオフガスを導く燃焼路91を含む。燃焼路91には、内槽3内の圧力が第1設定圧力(本発明の所定圧力)以上となったときに開く開閉弁92が設けられている。開閉弁92は、内槽3内の圧力に応じて自動的に開くリリーフ弁であってもよい。あるいは、開閉弁92は電磁弁であり、内槽3内の圧力を検出するための圧力計が設けられていて、圧力計により検出される圧力が第1設定圧力以上となったときに制御装置7により開閉弁92が開かれてもよい。
 大気開放システム8は、内槽3内で発生するボイルオフガスをタンクカバー12の外部へ導く逃し路81を含む。逃し路81には、内槽3内の圧力が第2設定圧力(本発明の所定圧力)以上となったときに開くリリーフ弁82が設けられている。
 本実施形態では、第2設定圧力が第1設定圧力よりも大きく、真空空間20の真空度が劣化して内槽3内でボイルオフガスが発生し続けると、燃焼システム9が先に作動し、大気開放システム8が予備的に作動する。例えば、第1設定圧力は、真空空間20の真空度が回避航海領域77内にあるときの圧力であり、第2設定圧力は、真空空間20の真空度が異常航海領域78内にあるときの圧力である。ただし、第1設定圧力が第2設定圧力よりも大きく、大気開放システム8が先に作動し、燃焼システム9が予備的に作動してもよい。なお、大気開放システム8と燃焼システム9のどちらかだけを採用することも可能である。
 なお、液化ガス運搬船1は、大気開放システム8によってもボイルオフガスの処理が不十分なときに、液化ガスを海上に投棄する投棄システムを備えていてもよい。例えば、液化ガスが海上に投棄されるときの圧力は、真空空間20の真空度が異常航海領域78内にあるときの圧力である。
 以上説明したように、本実施形態の液化ガス保持タンク2では、非常用断熱層6が真空空間20内に配置されていないので、真空空間20の真空度が時間経過と共に劣化することを抑制することができる。そして、非常用断熱層6により、真空空間20の真空度が劣化したときの液化ガスの沸騰が防止されるため、完全二次防壁(Full Secondary Barrier:真空空間20の外側に別の真空空間)を設ける必要がない。さらに、本実施形態では、内槽3の外側面が真空域断熱層5で覆われているので、内槽と外槽との間の輻射による熱伝達を防止することができる。
 (その他の実施形態)
 本発明は上述した実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変形が可能である。
 例えば、真空域断熱層5は省略されてもよい。また、通知装置としては、表示器74のような視覚的装置以外にも、例えば、真空度検出器71によって検出される真空度が航海可能領域にあるか寄港必要領域にあるかを音声により通知する聴覚的装置を用いることができる。
 本発明の液化ガス保持タンクは、液化ガス運搬船に搭載されるタンクとしてだけでなく、地上に設置されるタンクとしても有用である。
 1  液化ガス運搬船
 10 空間
 12 タンクカバー
 2  液化ガス貯蔵タンク
 20 真空空間
 3  内槽
 4  外槽
 5  真空域断熱層
 6  非常用断熱層
 71 真空度検出器
 74 表示器(通知装置)
 75 正常航海領域(航海可能領域)
 76 準正常航海領域(航海可能領域)
 77 回避航海領域(寄港必要領域)
 78 異常航海領域(寄港必要領域)
 81 逃し路
 82 リリーフ弁
 90 ガス燃焼ユニット
 91 燃焼路
 92 開閉弁

Claims (6)

  1.  液化ガスを貯留する内槽と、
     前記内槽との間に真空空間を確保する外槽と、
     前記外槽の外側面を覆う非常用断熱層と、
    を備える、液化ガス保持タンク。
  2.  前記外槽の内側面から離間して前記内槽の外側面を覆う真空域断熱層をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の液化ガス保持タンク。
  3.  請求項1または2に記載の液化ガス保持タンクと、
     前記液化ガス保持タンクとの間に空間を確保するように前記液化ガス保持タンクを包み込むタンクカバーと、を備え、
     前記液化ガス保持タンクと前記タンクカバーの間の空間には不活性ガスが封入されている、液化ガス運搬船。
  4.  前記液化ガス保持タンクの内槽と外槽の間の真空空間の真空度を検出するための真空度検出器と、
     前記真空度検出器によって検出される真空度が航海可能領域にあるか寄港必要領域にあるかを通知する通知装置と、
    をさらに備える、請求項3に記載の液化ガス運搬船。
  5.  前記内槽内で発生するボイルオフガスを前記タンクカバーの外部へ導く逃し路と、
     前記逃し路に設けられた、前記内槽内の圧力が所定圧力以上となったときに開くリリーフ弁と、
    をさらに備える請求項3または4に記載の液化ガス運搬船。
  6.  前記内槽内で発生するボイルオフガスを燃焼可能なガス燃焼ユニットと、
     前記内槽から前記ガス燃焼ユニットへボイルオフガスを導く燃焼路と、
     前記燃焼路に設けられた、前記内槽内の圧力が所定圧力以上となったときに開く開閉弁と、
    をさらに備える、請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載の液化ガス運搬船。
PCT/JP2014/003273 2013-06-21 2014-06-18 液化ガス保持タンクおよび液化ガス運搬船 WO2014203530A1 (ja)

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CN105197421A (zh) * 2015-09-17 2015-12-30 太仓市金锚化工有限公司 一种安全性危化品储藏罐
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