CN105308381B - 液化气体保持罐以及液化气体搬运船 - Google Patents

液化气体保持罐以及液化气体搬运船 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105308381B
CN105308381B CN201480033003.3A CN201480033003A CN105308381B CN 105308381 B CN105308381 B CN 105308381B CN 201480033003 A CN201480033003 A CN 201480033003A CN 105308381 B CN105308381 B CN 105308381B
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liquid gas
vacuum
inside groove
gas
tank
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CN105308381A (zh
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浦口良介
孝冈祐吉
本井达哉
村岸治
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Kawasaki Motors Ltd
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Kawasaki Jukogyo KK
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/14—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed pressurised
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/02—Wall construction
    • B65D90/028—Wall construction hollow-walled, e.g. double-walled with spacers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/22—Safety features
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/035—Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0308—Radiation shield
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0103—Exterior arrangements
    • F17C2205/0111—Boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/018—Supporting feet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0379—Manholes or access openings for human beings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
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    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
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    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Abstract

液化气体保持罐（2）具备：贮留液化气体的内槽（3）；确保与内槽（3）之间的真空空间（20）的外槽（4）；和覆盖外槽（4）的外侧面的应急用绝热层（6）。根据该结构，应急用绝热层（6）未配置于真空空间（20）内，因此能够抑制真空空间（20）的真空度随着时间劣化。

Description

液化气体保持罐以及液化气体搬运船
技术领域
本发明涉及使用于液化气体的输送和贮藏等中的液化气体保持罐、以及具备该液化气体保持罐的液化气体搬运船。
背景技术
以往，作为使用于极低温的液化气体的储罐，已知有于内槽和外槽之间确保真空空间的双重壳结构的液化气体保持罐。例如，专利文献1公开了内槽的外侧面覆盖有绝热薄膜、外槽的内侧面覆盖有泄露应对用绝热层的液化气体保持罐。
极低温的液化气体的沸点非常低，因此当真空空间的真空度劣化而从外槽向内槽传递热时，会发生沸腾。专利文献1公开的液化气体保持罐中的泄露应对用绝热层用于防止这样的液化气体的沸腾。即，即便在真空空间的真空度劣化时，也能通过泄露应对用绝热层，维持液化气体保持罐一定程度的绝热性。
现有技术文献：
专利文献：
专利文献1：日本特开平10-141595号公报。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题：
专利文献1中记载了泄露应对用绝热层由发泡性绝热材料构成。然而，将这样的发泡性绝热材料配置于外槽的内侧面上时，如果真空空间的真空度高，则从构成发泡性绝热材料的树脂的表面随着时间会逸出气体（并非是发泡性绝热材料的孔隙内的空气，而是被捕获至树脂分子间的气体），因此存在随着时间引起真空度劣化的担忧。
因此，本发明的目的是提供能够抑制真空空间的真空度随着时间劣化的液化气体保持罐、以及提供具备该液化气体保持罐的液化气体搬运船。
解决问题的手段：
为了解决上述问题，本发明的液化气体保持罐具备：贮留液化气体的内槽；确保与所述内槽之间的真空空间的外槽；和覆盖所述外槽的外侧面的应急用绝热层。
根据上述结构，应急用绝热层未配置于真空空间内，因此能够抑制真空空间的真空度随着时间劣化。
也可以是上述液化气体保持罐还具备从所述外槽的内侧面隔开、且覆盖所述内槽的外侧面的真空域绝热层。根据该结构，能够防止内槽与外槽之间因热辐射而导致的热传递。
又，本发明的液化气体搬运船具备：上述液化气体保持罐；和以确保与所述液化气体保持罐之间的空间的形式包裹所述液化气体保持罐的储罐盖；在所述液化气体保持罐与所述储罐盖之间的空间内封入惰性气体。
根据上述结构，例如，即便在低于氧气液化温度的极低温的液化气体从内槽泄露至真空空间内的情况下，也能够防止在液化气体保持罐的周围生成液氧。
也可以是上述液化气体搬运船还具备：用于检测所述液化气体保持罐的内槽与外槽之间的真空空间的真空度的真空度检测器；和通知由所述真空度检测器检测的真空度位于可航行区域还是位于需停泊区域的通知装置。根据该结构，船舶驾驶员能够简单地判断应该继续航行还是停泊。
也可以是上述液化气体搬运船还具备：将在所述内槽内产生的蒸发气体（boil-off gas）导出至所述储罐盖的外部的放泄通路；和设置于所述放泄通路且在所述内槽内的压力为规定压力以上时开阀的泄压阀。根据该结构，即便在内槽内液化气体发生沸腾而产生大量的蒸发气体，也能够将内槽内的压力维持在规定压力以内。
也可以是上述液化气体搬运船还具备：能够使所述内槽内产生的蒸发气体燃烧的气体燃烧单元；从所述内槽向所述气体燃烧单元导入蒸发气体的燃烧通路；和设置于所述燃烧通路且在所述内槽内的压力达到规定压力以上时开阀的开闭阀。根据该结构，即便在内槽内液化气体发生沸腾而产生大量的蒸发气体，也能够将内槽内的压力维持在规定压力以内。
发明效果：
根据本发明，能够抑制真空空间的真空度随着时间劣化。
附图说明
图1是搭载有根据本发明的一种实施形态的液化气体保持罐的液化气体搬运船的局部侧视剖视图；
图2是图1所示的液化气体保持罐的局部放大剖视图；
图3是示出作为通知装置的一个示例的显示器的图。
具体实施方式
图1示出搭载有根据本发明一种实施形态的液化气体保持罐2的液化气体搬运船1的局部。
本实施形态中，液化气体保持罐2是卧式圆筒状。然而，液化气体保持罐2也可以是球形状。又，液化气体保持罐2无需一定搭载于液化气体搬运船1，例如也可以作为发电厂用的储罐设置于地面。在该情况下，液化气体保持罐2例如可以是轴方向平行于铅垂方向的圆筒形。
液化气体保持罐2以液化气体保持罐2的轴方向与船长度方向平行的朝向进行配置。具体而言，液化气体保持罐2是双重壳储罐，具备贮留液化气体的内槽3，和确保与内槽3之间的真空空间20的外槽4。
贮留于内槽3的液化气体是液化天然气（LNG、约－160℃）、液化氢气（LH2、约－250℃）等极低温的液化气体。然而，液化气体也可以是液化石油气（LPG、约－45℃）、液化乙烯气体（LEG、约－100℃）等温度相对较高的液化气体。
内槽3包括内槽主体部31和内槽顶32。内槽主体部31由以一定截面形状在横方向上延伸的筒部、和堵住该筒部的两侧开口的半球形的封闭部构成。然而，封闭部可以是垂直于筒部的平坦面，也可以是碟形。内槽顶32是将贯通内槽3的配管类部件进行集中的部分。在本实施形态中，内槽顶32从内槽主体部31的筒部向上突出。然而，内槽顶32例如也可以从内槽主体部31的筒部或封闭部向斜上方突出。
外槽4具有包围内槽主体部31的外槽主体部41、和包围内槽顶32的外槽顶42。即，外槽主体部41具有将内槽主体部31大型化而形成的形状，外槽顶42具有将内槽顶32大型化而形成的形状。
例如，设置于船底11的一对鞍座13在液化气体保持罐2的轴方向上相隔开的位置上支持外槽主体部41。另一方面，在内槽主体部31和外槽主体部41之间配置有在与鞍座13相同的位置上支持内槽主体部31的一对支持构件25。
又，在内槽顶32以及外槽顶42上分别设置有用于进行内槽3内的检查的检修孔35、45。然而，检修孔35、45也可以设置于内槽主体部31以及外槽主体部41。
此外，液化气体保持罐2包括：用于防止因真空空间20内的热辐射而导致的热传递的真空域绝热层5；和即便在真空空间20的真空度劣化时也可防止液化气体的沸腾的应急用绝热层6。真空域绝热层5与外槽4的内侧面相隔开、且将内槽3的外侧面以与该外侧面紧贴的状态进行覆盖，应急用绝热层6将外槽4的外侧面以与该外侧面紧贴的状态进行覆盖。
在本实施形态中，真空域绝热层5仅配置于内槽主体部31的外侧面上，但是也可以还配置于内槽顶32的外侧面上。换而言之，可以是内槽3的外侧面全部由真空域绝热层5覆盖。应急用绝热层6配置于外槽主体部41的外侧面上以及外槽顶42的外侧面上，覆盖外槽4的整个外侧面。
真空域绝热层5是将防辐射板和隔板（spacer）交替地层叠而成。防辐射板由合成树脂薄板和金属膜构成。金属膜例如在合成树脂薄板表面沉积铝（也可以是金或银）而形成。隔板是由热传递系数较小的树脂形成的薄板。作为这样的薄板，可以使用网状板、纺布、无纺布等。真空域绝热层5例如由卷绕在该真空域绝热层5的外侧的约束构件（例如带有网眼的材料）固定于内槽3的外侧面上。
另一方面，应急用绝热层6如图2所示具有内侧防热层61和外侧防热层63双层结构。在内侧防热层61和外侧防热层63之间配置有增强材料62，在外侧防热层63的表面上配置有铝塑板64。增强材料62例如是由金属制造的带有网眼的材料，并且在使用设置于外槽4的外侧面的双头螺栓（未图示）固定应急用绝热层6时，发挥作为垫圈以及螺母座的功能。
作为内侧防热层61，例如可以使用不易因冷却而发生龟裂或破裂的酚醛树脂发泡体。作为外侧放热层63，例如可以使用容易处理的硬质聚氨酯发泡体。
返回至图1，在液化气体搬运船1上装配有包裹液化气体保持罐2的储罐盖12，以在储罐盖12与液化气体保持罐2之间确保空间10。即，储罐盖12在全周上与应急用绝热层6隔开。具体而言，储罐盖12具有向下开口的形状，与船体（例如船底11或隔壁等）一起形成密闭空间。另外，在储罐盖12上，在与液化气体保持罐2的检修孔35、45相对应的位置上设置有检修孔15。
在液化气体保持罐2与储罐盖12之间的空间10内封入惰性气体。作为惰性气体，例如可以利用氮气、氩气等。借助于此，例如即使在低于氧气的液化温度的极低温的液化气体从内槽3泄露至真空空间20时，也能够防止在液化气体保持罐2的周围生成液氧。封入空间10内的惰性气体优选的是干燥气体。理由是能够使应急用绝热层6保持干燥状态。
此外，液化气体搬运船1具备使蒸发气体燃烧的燃烧系统9和向大气中开放蒸发气体的大气开放系统8，其中，该燃烧系统9和大气开放系统8作为即便液化气体在内槽3内沸腾而大量产生蒸发气体也能够维持内槽3内的压力为规定压力以内的结构。又，液化气体搬运船1具备：检测内槽3和外槽4之间的真空空间20的真空度（单位：Pa）的真空度检测器71；检测外槽4的温度的温度传感器72；能够对真空空间20进行抽真空的真空泵70；和基于真空度检测器71以及温度传感器72的检测结果控制真空泵70的控制装置7。控制装置7与警报装置73以及显示器74连接。
液化气体搬运船1中，通常采用真空空间20的容积达到数百立方米（m3）的大型的液化气体保持罐2。在这样的大型的液化气体保持罐2中，真空空间20的真空度根据场所而不同。因此，多个真空度检测器71配置于适当的位置。例如，真空度检测器71配置于液化气体保持罐2的轴方向两侧以及液化气体保持罐2的上方和下方。
为了判定由真空度检测器71检测的真空度的劣化是否达到导致外槽4的温度变化的程度，而使用温度传感器72。因此，温度传感器72配置于各真空度检测器71的附近。
控制装置7中至少存储三个设定值以作为真空度的判定基准。三个设定值为真空度允许极限R0、设定为低于R0的真空度（作为压力值，大于R0）的可连续航行极限R1、和设定为低于R1的真空度的可回避航行极限R2。真空度允许极限R0是存在真空空间20的绝热性降低的担忧的真空度。在真空度高于真空度允许极限R0时（作为压力值，真空度小于R0时），无需运行真空泵70便可以安全地继续航行。真空度允许极限R0可以根据真空空间20的容积进行设定。可连续航行极限R1是将真空泵70连续地运行或运行一定期间以此能够安全地继续连续航行的真空度的极限值。可连续航行极限R1可以根据真空泵70的能力或真空空间20的容积进行设定。又，可连续航行极限R1也是开始进行回避航行的真空度，该回避航行用于将航行中的液化气体搬运船停泊在最近的修理设施。可回避航行极限R2可以设定为在液化气体搬运船进行回避航行所需要的航行天数期间内不使内槽3内的压力达到设计压力的真空度。除了真空泵70的能力和真空空间20的容积等以外，还可将燃烧系统9的能力以及内槽3内的压力值纳入考虑设定可回避航行极限R2。
控制装置7向显示器74输出与真空度检测器71检测的真空度的最低值（真空度最劣化的位置处的值）相对应的真空度信号。显示器74例如图3所示具有：指针74a；和绘制有作为可航行区域的正常航行区域75及准正常航行区域76、以及作为需停泊区域的回避航行区域77及异常航行区域78的显示板74b，通过与真空度信号联动地移动指针74a，以此显示所检测出的真空度位于哪一个区域。即，显示器74发挥通知装置的功能，即通知由真空度检测器71检测的真空度是位于可航行区域还是位于需停泊区域。借助于此，船舶驾驶员可以简单地判定应继续航行还是停泊。尤其是，如本实施形态一样使用显示器74，则该判断变得一目了然。上述真空度允许极限R0位于正常航行区域75和准正常航行区域76的边界，可连续航行极限R1位于准正常航行区域76和回避航行区域77的边界，可回避航行极限R2位于回避航行区域77和异常航行区域78的边界。
在由真空度检测器71检测的真空度的最低值超过真空度允许极限R0时，控制装置7向警报装置73输出警报信号，使警报装置73发出警报，并且运行真空泵70。船舶驾驶员确认显示器74，从而可了解到即便以该状态继续航行也不存在问题。
即便运行真空泵70，真空空间20的真空度仍持续劣化而导致由真空度检测器71检测的真空度的最低值超过可连续航行极限R1时，控制装置7再次向警报装置73输出警报信号，使警报装置73发出警报。此时的警报可以与超过真空度允许极限R0时的警报相同，但是优选的是不同。船舶驾驶员确认显示器74，从而可了解到应当中断航行并停泊。此外，即便运行真空泵70，真空空间20的真空度仍持续劣化而导致由真空度检测器71检测的真空度的最低值达到可回避航行极限R2的时刻，控制装置7向警报装置73输出异常警报信号，使警报装置73发出异常警报。
又，控制装置7也可以具有如下功能：由真空度检测器71以及温度传感器72得到的检测值、算出取样时间内的它们的平均值和平均时间导数，并且根据这些计算值预测达到真空度的各真空度极限的时间。
又，可以记录规定期间内的真空度，算出真空度变化率，并且基于真空度以及该真空度变化率进行航行判断。航行判断例如是指修理时期的决定或航运日程的变更等。
又，在航行判断中，也可以除了真空度变化率以外还加以考虑真空泵引起的吸引量、大气温度引起的泄露量变动。
上述燃烧系统9包括：能够使内槽3内产生的蒸发气体燃烧的气体燃烧单元（gascombustion unit；GCU）90；和从内槽3向气体燃烧单元90导入蒸发气体的燃烧通路91。在燃烧通路91中设置有在内槽3内的压力达到第一设定压力（本发明的规定压力）以上时开阀的开闭阀92。开闭阀92可以是根据内槽3内的压力自动地打开的泄压阀。或者，也可以是开闭阀92为电磁阀，并且设置有用于检测内槽3内的压力的压力计，在由压力计检测的压力达到第一设定压力以上时开闭阀92由控制装置7打开。
大气开放系统8包括将内槽3内产生的蒸发气体导出至储罐盖12的外部的放泄通路81。在放泄通路81中设置有在内槽3内的压力达到第二设定压力（本发明的规定压力）以上时开阀的泄压阀82。
在本实施形态中，第二设定压力大于第一设定压力，在真空空间20的真空度劣化而内槽3内持续产生蒸发气体时，燃烧系统9优先工作，而大气开放系统8作为备用进行工作。例如，第一设定压力是真空空间20的真空度位于回避航行区域77内时的压力，第二设定压力是真空空间20的真空度位于异常航行区域78内时的压力。然而，也可以是第一设定压力大于第二设定压力，大气开放系统8优先工作，燃烧系统9作为备用进行工作。另外，也可以在大气开放系统8和燃烧系统9中仅采用其中任意一个。
另外，液化气体搬运船1也可以具备在通过大气开放系统8也无法充分处理蒸发气体时，将液化气体投弃海里的投弃系统。例如，液化气体投弃海里时的压力为真空空间20的真空度位于异常航行区域78内时的压力。
如上所述，在本实施形态的液化气体保持罐2中，应急用绝热层6未配置于真空空间20内，因此能够抑制真空空间20的真空度随着时间劣化。而且，通过应急用绝热层6防止真空空间20的真空度劣化时的液化气体的沸腾，因此无需设置全二次防护层（fullsecondary barrier：在真空空间20的外侧另有真空空间）。此外，在本实施形态中，内槽3的外侧面由真空域绝热层5覆盖，因此能够防止内槽与外槽之间因热辐射而导致的热传递。
（其他实施形态）
本发明不限于上述实施形态，在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内可以进行各种变形。
例如，也可以省略真空域绝热层5。又，作为通知装置，除了如显示器74的视觉装置以外，例如还可以使用听觉装置，该听觉装置通过声音通知由真空度检测器71检测的真空度位于可航行区域还是位于需停泊区域。
工业应用性：
本发明的液化气体保持罐不仅在作为搭载于液化气体搬运船的储罐时有用，而且在作为设置于地面的储罐时也同样有用。
符号说明：
1 液化气体搬运船；
10 空间；
12 储罐盖；
2 液化气体保持罐；
20 真空空间；
3 内槽；
4 外槽；
5 真空域绝热层；
6 应急用绝热层；
71 真空度检测器；
74 显示器（通知装置）；
75 正常航行区域（可航行区域）；
76 准正常航行区域（可航行区域）；
77 回避航行区域（需停泊区域）；
78 异常航行区域（需停泊区域）；
81 放泄通路；
82 泄压阀；
90 气体燃烧单元；
91 燃烧通路；
92 开闭阀。

Claims (5)

1.一种液化气体保持罐，具备：
贮留液化气体的内槽；
确保与所述内槽之间的真空空间的外槽；
覆盖所述外槽的外侧面的应急用绝热层；和
从所述外槽的内侧面隔开、且覆盖所述内槽的外侧面的真空域绝热层。
2.一种液化气体搬运船，具备：
权利要求1所述的液化气体保持罐；和
以确保与所述液化气体保持罐之间的空间的形式包裹所述液化气体保持罐的储罐盖；
在所述液化气体保持罐与所述储罐盖之间的空间内封入惰性气体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的液化气体搬运船，其特征在于，还具备：
用于检测所述液化气体保持罐的内槽与外槽之间的真空空间的真空度的真空度检测器；和
通知由所述真空度检测器检测的真空度位于可航行区域还是位于需停泊区域的通知装置。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的液化气体搬运船，其特征在于，还具备：
将在所述内槽内产生的蒸发气体导出至所述储罐盖的外部的放泄通路；和
设置于所述放泄通路且在所述内槽内的压力为规定压力以上时开阀的泄压阀。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述的液化气体搬运船，其特征在于，还具备：
能够使所述内槽内产生的蒸发气体燃烧的气体燃烧单元；
从所述内槽向所述气体燃烧单元导入蒸发气体的燃烧通路；和
设置于所述燃烧通路且在所述内槽内的压力达到规定压力以上时开阀的开闭阀。
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