WO2014132354A1 - 方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 - Google Patents
方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
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- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet mainly used for iron cores such as transformers and generators. Specifically, the directionality of ultrathin and low iron loss with a thickness of 0.15 to 0.23 mm.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electromagnetic steel sheet.
- a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet containing Si and highly oriented in the ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 001> orientation (Goss orientation) or ⁇ 100 ⁇ ⁇ 001> orientation (Cube orientation) has excellent soft magnetic properties. Therefore, it is widely used as a core material for various electric devices used in the commercial frequency range.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet used for such applications is generally required to have a low iron loss W 17/50 (W / kg) representing magnetic loss when magnetized to 1.7 T at a frequency of 50 Hz. .
- W / kg the efficiency of the generator and the transformer can be greatly improved by using an iron core material having a low W 17/50 value. Therefore, development of materials with low iron loss has been increasingly demanded.
- the iron loss of an electromagnetic steel sheet is expressed as the sum of hysteresis loss that depends on crystal orientation and purity, and eddy current loss that depends on sheet thickness, specific resistance, magnetic domain size, and the like. Therefore, as a method of reducing the iron loss, the degree of integration of the crystal orientation is increased to improve the magnetic flux density, the hysteresis loss is reduced, the Si content is increased to increase the electric resistance, or the thickness of the steel plate is increased. There are known methods for reducing the eddy current loss by reducing the eddy current or by subdividing the magnetic domain.
- a rolling method and a chemical polishing method are known, but the method of thinning by chemical polishing has a large decrease in yield, and for production on an industrial scale. Not suitable. For this reason, a rolling method is exclusively used as a method for reducing the plate thickness.
- a rolling method is exclusively used as a method for reducing the plate thickness.
- secondary recrystallization in finish annealing becomes unstable and it is difficult to stably manufacture a product having excellent magnetic properties.
- Patent Document 4 in addition to the combined addition of Sn and Se, in the manufacture of a thin unidirectional electrical steel sheet characterized by AlN as the main inhibitor and the final cold rolling under strong pressure, Nb is added in the method of manufacturing a thin unidirectional electrical steel sheet having a thickness of 0.20 mm or less, because an excellent iron loss value can be obtained by adding Cu and / or Sb. It has been proposed that fine dispersion of carbonitrides is promoted by this to strengthen the inhibitor and improve the magnetic properties.
- Patent Document 5 discloses that the thickness of the hot-rolled sheet is reduced, the coil winding temperature is lowered, and the finish annealing pattern is appropriately controlled, so that the thin film having excellent magnetic properties can be obtained by one cold rolling.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a method of manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, in which a sheet thickness of a hot-rolled coil is set to 1.9 mm or less to produce a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of 0.23 mm or less by a single cold rolling method. A method has been proposed.
- the object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and to stably cause secondary recrystallization even in an ultrathin grained electrical steel sheet having a thickness of 0.15 to 0.23 mm.
- the object is to propose an advantageous method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having uniform iron loss in the coil and extremely low iron loss.
- the inventors are in the middle of secondary recrystallization annealing when finishing annealing the steel sheet after primary recrystallization annealing.
- the steel sheet was taken out and the precipitation state of the inhibitor and the growth state of the crystal grains were investigated.
- the inhibitor becomes coarse and the ability to suppress crystal grain growth decreases, and in the temperature region of 875 ° C. or higher, the inhibitor component is oxidized and disappeared due to the surface oxidation of the steel sheet, and the surface layer The coarsening of the grains occurs, in particular, the tendency becomes remarkable at 975 ° C. or more.
- the inventors have established a method for ensuring sufficient driving force required for secondary recrystallization by suppressing the growth of primary recrystallized grains and stably causing secondary recrystallization over the entire coil length.
- the sol depending on the product sheet thickness, that is, the final sheet thickness d after cold rolling, the sol.
- the ratio of the content of Al and N is controlled to an appropriate range so that the grain size of the central layer of the steel plate thickness is suitable for secondary recrystallization.
- the steel sheet before the secondary recrystallization is kept at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time to equalize the temperature in the coil, and then rapidly heated at a heating rate of 10 to 60 ° C./hr to set the grain size of the steel sheet surface to an appropriate range. It has been found that the secondary recrystallization can be stably expressed over the entire length of the coil by controlling the length of the coil to obtain a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having a uniform and extremely low iron loss over the entire length of the coil.
- the present invention developed on the basis of the above findings includes C: 0.04 to 0.12 mass%, Si: 1.5 to 5.0 mass%, Mn: 0.01 to 1.0 mass%, sol. Al: 0.010 to 0.040 mass%, N: 0.004 to 0.02 mass%, one or two selected from S and Se: a total of 0.005 to 0.05 mass%, with the balance being Fe And a steel slab having a component composition consisting of inevitable impurities is heated to 1250 ° C. or higher, and then hot-rolled to form a hot-rolled sheet having a thickness of 1.8 mm or more.
- a method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet comprising a series of steps in which a cold-rolled sheet having a final thickness of 0.15 to 0.23 mm is formed by rolling, subjected to primary recrystallization annealing and then finish annealing, the sol.
- the ratio of the content of Al and N (sol. Al / N) and the final thickness d (mm) are the following formula (1): 4d + 1.52 ⁇ sol. Al / N ⁇ 4d + 2.32 (1)
- the steel sheet is held at a temperature of 775 to 875 ° C. for 40 to 200 hours in the heating process of the above finish annealing, and then heated in a temperature range of 875 to 1050 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 10 to 60 ° C./hr.
- This is a method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet characterized by the following.
- the steel slab in the method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention may further include Ni: 0.1 to 1.0 mass%, Cu: 0.02 to 1.0 mass%, and Sb: 0.0. It contains one or more selected from 01 to 0.10 mass%.
- the steel slab in the method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention is one or two selected from Ge, Bi, V, Nb, Te, Cr, Sn and Mo in addition to the above component composition. It contains 0.002 to 1.0 mass% of seeds or more in total.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet manufacturing method according to the present invention heats between 200 and 700 ° C. in the heating process of the primary recrystallization annealing at a heating rate of 50 ° C./s or more, and any of 250 to 600 ° C.
- the holding treatment is performed for 1 to 10 seconds at the above temperature.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet manufacturing method of the present invention is characterized in that, at any stage after cold rolling, a groove is formed on the steel sheet surface in a direction crossing the rolling direction and subjected to magnetic domain refinement treatment. To do.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet manufacturing method of the present invention performs the magnetic domain fragmentation treatment by irradiating the surface of the steel sheet with the insulating coating continuously or intermittently in the direction intersecting the rolling direction. It is characterized by giving.
- the inhibitor during secondary recrystallization annealing is performed.
- the steel sheet before the secondary recrystallization was kept at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time during heating in the finish annealing to make the temperature in the coil uniform. After that, the temperature is rapidly raised to the secondary recrystallization temperature to suppress the coarsening of the steel sheet surface layer grains, so that secondary recrystallization can be stably expressed over the entire length of the coil, and the iron loss characteristics are excellent. It becomes possible to manufacture a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet with a high yield.
- Magnetic flux density B 8 is a graph showing the range of 1.90T or higher final thickness d and the resulting (sol.Al/N). 6 is a graph showing the relationship between a temperature increase rate between 850 and 1050 ° C. and a guaranteed value in a coil of iron loss W 17/50 in finish annealing.
- the steel plate is heated up to 850 ° C. in a N 2 atmosphere at a heating rate of 20 ° C./hr, and 850 ° C. in after holding for 50 hours, at a heating rate of 20 ° C. / hr, a mixed atmosphere of 25vol% N 2 -75vol% of H 2 between 850 ⁇ 1150 ° C., the temperature heating between 1150 ⁇ 1200 ° C. under an atmosphere of H 2
- a secondary recrystallization annealing in which cooling at 800 ° C.
- an insulating coating mainly composed of aluminum phosphate and colloidal silica was formed to obtain a product coil.
- FIG. 1 shows the range of the plate thickness d and (sol.Al/N) at which the magnetic flux density B 8 is 1.90 T or more.
- the magnetic flux density B 8 is an effective index for determining that secondary recrystallization has occurred properly.
- the high guaranteed value of B 8 in the coil indicates that the secondary recrystallization is uniformly performed in the coil. It indicates that crystals are occurring.
- the test pieces for magnetic measurement were taken from five places in the longitudinal direction of 0 m, 1000 m, 2000 m, 3000 m and 4000 m of the product coil having a total length of about 4000 m thus obtained, and the magnetic flux density B 8 and the magnetic flux density at a magnetizing force of 800 A / m.
- the iron loss value W 17/50 per mass at an amplitude of 1.7 T and 50 Hz was measured, and the worst B 8 and W 17/50 values in the coil were measured as guaranteed values in the coil and the best B 8 in the coil.
- W 17/50 was regarded as a good value in the coil, and the results are also shown in Table 2.
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the heating rate between 850 and 1050 ° C., the guaranteed value in the coil of the magnetic flux density B 8 and the iron loss W 17/50 , and the good value in the coil.
- the heating pattern A which was not held for 50 hours at 850 ° C. during the heating of the finish annealing and the heating pattern B whose heating rate between 850 to 1050 ° C. was as low as 5 ° C./hr were
- the secondary recrystallization is not uniform, the guaranteed value in the coil is poor, but the secondary recrystallization is stable in the heating patterns C to G that are rapidly heated at a temperature increase rate of 10 ° C./hr or more after holding at 850 ° C.
- the magnetic properties are improved over the entire length in the coil. However, the magnetic properties are slightly deteriorated at a temperature rising rate of 100 ° C./hr (heating pattern G).
- the present invention has been made based on the above findings.
- C 0.04 to 0.12 mass%
- C is an element useful for uniform refinement of the structure during hot rolling and cold rolling and development of Goss orientation, and it is necessary to contain at least 0.04 mass%. However, if added over 0.12 mass%, decarburization annealing may cause insufficient decarburization, and the magnetic properties may deteriorate. Therefore, C is in the range of 0.04 to 0.12 mass%. Preferably, it is in the range of 0.05 to 0.10 mass%.
- Si 1.5 to 5.0 mass%
- Si is an element that increases the specific resistance of the steel sheet and contributes effectively to the reduction of iron loss. From the viewpoint of securing good magnetic properties, Si is contained in an amount of 1.5 mass% or more in the present invention. On the other hand, addition exceeding 5.0 mass% significantly impairs cold workability. Therefore, Si is set in the range of 1.5 to 5.0 mass%. Preferably, it is in the range of 2.0 to 4.0 mass%.
- Mn 0.01 to 1.0 mass%
- Mn is an element effective for improving hot workability and preventing surface flaws during hot rolling, and in order to obtain such an effect, it is necessary to contain 0.01 mass% or more. However, when it is added exceeding 1.0 mass%, the magnetic flux density is lowered. Therefore, Mn is set to a range of 0.01 to 1.0 mass%. The range is preferably 0.04 to 0.2 mass%.
- Al 0.010 to 0.040 mass%
- AlN is an inhibitor. If the Al content is less than 0.010 mass%, the amount of AlN precipitated during hot rolling or during the temperature rising process of hot-rolled sheet annealing is insufficient, and the inhibitor effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if added in excess of 0.040 mass%, the precipitated inhibitor becomes coarse, and conversely, the suppressive power decreases. Therefore, in order to sufficiently obtain the inhibitor effect of AlN, Al is sol. It is necessary to make the range of 0.010 to 0.040 mass% with Al. Preferably, it is in the range of 0.02 to 0.03 mass%.
- N 0.004 to 0.02 mass% N, like Al, is an essential element constituting AlN, which is an inhibitor. However, since this N can be added after performing a nitriding treatment in the cold rolling process, it may be contained at 0.004 mass% or more in the slab stage. However, when nitriding is not performed in the cold rolling process, it is necessary to contain 0.005 mass% or more. On the other hand, when N is added in excess of 0.02 mass%, blistering may occur in hot rolling. Therefore, N is in the range of 0.004 to 0.02 mass%. Preferably, it is in the range of 0.005 to 0.01 mass%.
- sol. Al / N In the present invention, depending on the final thickness (product thickness) d (mm) of cold rolling, the sol. To optimize the ratio of Al and N content (mass%), specifically, the following formula (1); 4d + 1.52 ⁇ sol. Al / N ⁇ 4d + 2.32 (1) It is important that it is contained so as to satisfy the relationship. As shown in FIG. 1, when the value of (sol.Al/N) is large, the inhibitory force of AlN as an inhibitor is not sufficient, leading to the coarsening of crystal grains in the surface layer and the central layer of the steel sheet. End up.
- the left side of the formula (1) is 4d + 1.81, and the right side is 4d + 2.32.
- the value of (sol.Al/N) is set to the final plate thickness d (mm) and the sol.
- the N content may be adjusted by performing nitriding before the secondary recrystallization.
- S and Se are indispensable elements that are required for fine precipitation of Cu 2 S, Cu 2 Se, and the like in combination with AlN.
- S and Se are used alone or in total in the range of 0.005 to 0.05 mass%.
- it is in the range of 0.01 to 0.03 mass%.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention may further contain one or more selected from Ni, Cu and Sb.
- Ni 0.10 to 1.0 mass%
- Ni segregates at the grain boundary, promotes the co-segregation effect with other segregating elements such as Sb, and suppresses the coarsening of the inhibitor, so Ni is contained in an amount of 0.10 mass% or more.
- Ni is set in the range of 0.10 to 1.0 mass%.
- it is in the range of 0.10 to 0.50 mass%.
- Cu 0.02 to 1.0 mass%
- Cu is an element that constitutes Cu 2 S and Cu 2 Se, and is advantageous because the decrease in the suppressive force during finish annealing is moderate compared to MnS and MnSe. Furthermore, when Cu 2 S and Cu 2 Se are segregated together with Ni and Sb, the inhibitory suppressive force is unlikely to decrease. Therefore, in this invention, 0.02 mass% or more of Cu can also be added. However, if the content exceeds 1.0 mass%, the inhibitor becomes coarse. Therefore, Cu is in the range of 0.02 to 1.0 mass%. Preferably, it is in the range of 0.04 to 0.5 mass%.
- Sb 0.01 to 0.10 mass%
- Sb is an element necessary for segregating on the surface of the precipitated inhibitors AlN, Cu 2 S, Cu 2 Se, MnS, and MnSe, and suppressing the coarsening of the inhibitors. Such an effect can be obtained by addition of 0.01 mass% or more. However, if it is added in excess of 0.10 mass%, the decarburization reaction is hindered and the magnetic properties are deteriorated. Therefore, Sb is set in the range of 0.01 to 0.10 mass%. Preferably, it is in the range of 0.02 to 0.05 mass%.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention further includes one or more selected from Ge, Bi, V, Nb, Te, Cr, Sn and Mo as an inhibitor auxiliary component.
- the total content can be 0.002 to 1.0 mass%. All of these elements form precipitates and segregate on the grain boundaries and the surface of the precipitates to perform an auxiliary function of strengthening the suppression force. In order to obtain such an action, it is necessary to contain one or more of these elements in a total of 0.002 mass%. However, addition exceeding 1.0 mass% may cause embrittlement or decarburization failure of the steel. Therefore, the above elements are preferably contained in the range of 0.002 to 1.0 mass% in total.
- the manufacturing method of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of this invention is demonstrated.
- the method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention after reheating the steel slab adjusted to the above-described component composition, hot rolling is performed, and hot-rolled sheet annealing is performed as necessary. It consists of a series of processes in which cold rolling is performed more than once, primary recrystallization annealing is performed, and finish annealing is performed that combines secondary recrystallization annealing and purification treatment.
- the production method is not particularly limited and can be produced under generally known production conditions.
- the steel slab is then reheated to a temperature of 1250 ° C.
- the method of reheating can use well-known methods, such as a gas furnace, an induction heating furnace, and an electric furnace.
- the conditions of hot rolling should just be conventionally well-known conditions, and there is no restriction
- hot rolling is performed to obtain a hot rolled sheet (hot rolled coil) having a thickness of 1.8 mm or more.
- the reason for limiting the hot-rolled sheet thickness to 1.8 mm or more is to shorten the rolling time and reduce the temperature difference in the rolling direction of the hot-rolled coil.
- the hot rolling conditions may be performed according to a conventional method, and there is no particular limitation.
- the hot-rolled sheet (hot-rolled coil) obtained by hot rolling is then subjected to hot-rolled sheet annealing as necessary, and then pickled and cold-rolled twice or more with one or intermediate annealing in between.
- a cold-rolled sheet (cold-rolled coil) having a final thickness is obtained.
- the hot-rolled sheet annealing and intermediate annealing are preferably performed at a temperature of 800 ° C. or higher in order to recrystallize using strain introduced by hot rolling or cold rolling.
- aging between passes or warm rolling may be applied.
- the final thickness (product thickness) of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention is in the range of 0.15 to 0.23 mm. If the plate thickness exceeds 0.23 mm, the driving force of secondary recrystallization becomes excessive, and the dispersion of secondary recrystallized grains from the Goss orientation increases. On the other hand, when the thickness is less than 0.15 mm, secondary recrystallization becomes unstable or the ratio of the insulating film relatively increases and the magnetic flux density decreases, and it is difficult to roll and manufacture. Because it becomes.
- the cold-rolled sheet with the final thickness is then degreased and subjected to primary recrystallization annealing that also serves as decarburization annealing, and then an annealing separator is applied to the surface of the steel sheet, wound around a coil, Finish annealing is performed to raise the crystal and purify it.
- primary recrystallization annealing heating is performed at a temperature rising rate of 50 ° C./s or more between 200 to 700 ° C. in the heating process, and is maintained at any temperature between 250 to 600 ° C. for 1 to 10 seconds. It is preferable to perform the treatment.
- the recrystallization after the secondary recrystallization is made finer, so that it is possible to obtain a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet with low iron loss and small variations in iron loss values. It is. It should be noted that there is no problem if the temperature change during the retention treatment is ⁇ 50 ° C. or less.
- the nitriding treatment may be performed as necessary.
- a nitriding treatment step may be added between after cold rolling and before finish annealing.
- the cold-rolled sheet Before the primary recrystallization annealing, the cold-rolled sheet may be subjected to a magnetic domain refinement process in which grooves are formed by etching on the steel sheet surface in order to reduce iron loss of the product sheet. Further, the cold-rolled plate may be subjected to a known magnetic domain refinement process, for example, a spot-like local heat treatment or chemical process for generating fine crystal grains, before secondary recrystallization.
- the annealing separator applied to the steel sheet surface a known one can be used, but it is preferable to use properly depending on whether or not a forsterite film is formed on the steel sheet surface.
- a forsterite film is formed on the steel sheet surface.
- an annealing separator such as an Al 2 O 3 system that does not form a film is preferably used.
- the finish annealing is the most important step in the production method of the present invention. Usually, the finish annealing is performed at a temperature of about 1200 ° C. at the maximum, which combines the secondary recrystallization annealing and the purification annealing, but in the method of manufacturing the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention, in the temperature raising process of the finish annealing. It is necessary to hold for 40 to 200 hours in the temperature range of 775 to 875 ° C. before the secondary recrystallization. The reason is as follows.
- secondary recrystallization occurs at a temperature around 1000 ° C., but in the temperature range exceeding 875 ° C., the inhibitor component is oxidized, and the primary recrystallized grains of the steel sheet surface layer become coarse. And this coarsening of the surface primary recrystallized grains causes a secondary recrystallization failure in the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having a thin plate thickness.
- the inventors have conducted research on a solution to this problem, and as a result, kept the steel sheet before the secondary recrystallization in the temperature range of 775 to 875 ° C. for 40 to 200 hours, thereby allowing the primary recrystallization of the surface layer. It has been found that grain coarsening is suppressed. When the holding time is less than 40 hours, the primary recrystallized grains in the surface layer are coarsened, resulting in poor secondary recrystallization, and the magnetic properties are deteriorated.
- a preferred holding time between 775-875 ° C. is in the range of 45-100 hours.
- the holding before the secondary recrystallization may be held at a specific temperature between 775 and 875 ° C. for 40 to 200 hours, or between 775 and 875 ° C. over 40 to 200 hours. May be.
- the reason why the coarsening of the primary recrystallized grains in the surface layer is suppressed by maintaining the temperature in the temperature range of 775 to 875 ° C. for 40 to 200 hours is considered as follows.
- AlN decomposes at a temperature of about 920 ° C. or higher, resulting in coarsening of primary recrystallized grains in the surface layer.
- the temperature increase rate from 875 ° C. to 1050 ° C. following the above holding in the temperature range of 775 to 875 ° C. is set to 10 ° C./hr or more from the viewpoint of suppressing the coarsening of the primary recrystallized grains in the surface layer.
- it is 20 ° C./hr or more.
- the upper limit is set to 60 ° C./hr.
- it is 50 degrees C / hr or less.
- the rate of temperature increase from 1050 ° C. to the maximum temperature is preferably 5 ° C./hr or more from the viewpoint of economy, while it is preferably 100 ° C./hr or less from the viewpoint of uniformizing the temperature in the coil. preferable.
- MnS and MnSe which are inhibitors other than AlN, may be coarsened and the suppressing power may be reduced. Therefore, in the present invention, Cu 2 S or Cu 2 Se whose inhibitory power is hardly reduced is used as an inhibitor, and Sb is added, and Sb is segregated on the surface of the precipitated Cu 2 S or Cu 2 Se inhibitor. It is preferable to suppress the coarsening of the film. Further, when Ni is added, segregation of Sb is promoted, so that the suppressive power of Cu 2 S and Cu 2 Se is further reinforced, and the inhibitory power of the inhibitor can be kept high.
- N 2 , H 2 , Ar, or a mixed gas thereof is used as the atmospheric gas in the above-mentioned finish annealing.
- N 2 is a temperature higher than that.
- H 2 or a mixed gas of H 2 and N 2 or H 2 and Ar is used.
- the unreacted annealing separator on the surface of the steel sheet is removed, and if necessary, an insulating coating solution is applied and baked, or flattened annealing is performed to obtain a product plate.
- an insulating coating solution is applied and baked, or flattened annealing is performed to obtain a product plate.
- a known magnetic domain subdivision treatment that continuously or intermittently irradiates an electron beam or a laser, or imparts a linear strain with a protruding roll. May be applied.
- the steel sheet surface is further mirror-finished or subjected to a grain orientation selection process using NaCl electrolysis or the like, and then a tension film is further formed. And it is good also as a product board.
- a steel slab having the composition of components A to Q shown in Table 3 was hot-rolled according to a conventional method to form a hot-rolled coil having a thickness of 2.4 mm, and subjected to hot-rolled sheet annealing at 900 ° C. ⁇ 40 seconds, Pickling, primary cold rolling to a sheet thickness of 1.5 mm, intermediate annealing at 1150 ° C. for 80 seconds, followed by warm rolling at a temperature of 170 ° C. and a cold rolled coil with a final sheet thickness of 0.17 mm It was. Next, the cold rolled coil was degreased, and then subjected to primary recrystallization annealing also serving as a decarburization process at 850 ° C.
- the heat treatment was performed for a period of time, and then finish annealing was performed to cool 800 ° C. or lower in an N 2 atmosphere.
- finish annealing was performed to cool 800 ° C. or lower in an N 2 atmosphere.
- an insulating film mainly composed of magnesium phosphate and colloidal silica was formed to obtain a product coil.
- test pieces for magnetic measurement were collected from a total of five locations in the longitudinal direction of 0 m, 1000 m, 2000 m, 3000 m and 4000 m of the product coil having a total length of about 4000 m thus obtained, and the iron loss value W at a magnetic flux density of 1.7 T was obtained. 17/50 was measured, and among the above five iron losses, the worst value was the guaranteed value in the coil, and the best value was the good value in the coil.
- Table 3 From Table 3, one or more selected from Ni, Cu and Sb, or, in addition, one or more selected from Ge, Bi, V, Nb, Tb, Cr, Sn and Mo can be added to add iron. It can be seen that the loss characteristics are further improved, and that if the (sol.Al/N) is removed, the iron loss characteristics are greatly deteriorated.
- the cold-rolled coil is divided into two, and after one is subjected to a magnetic domain refinement treatment in which a groove having a width of 180 ⁇ m and extending in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction is formed on the steel sheet surface at intervals of 5 mm in the rolling direction.
- the primary recrystallization annealing that doubles as decarburization annealing was performed in a wet atmosphere of 50 vol% H 2 -50 vol% N 2 without performing the above-mentioned magnetic domain refinement treatment. Note that the heating up to 840 ° C. in the primary recrystallization annealing is performed by changing the rate of temperature increase from 200 ° C. to 700 ° C.
- an annealing separator mainly composed of MgO was applied to the steel sheet surface, and then heated to 850 ° C. at a heating rate of 20 ° C./hr in an N 2 atmosphere and held at 850 ° C. for 50 hours.
- a tension coating solution composed of 50 mass% colloidal silica and magnesium phosphate is applied and baked to form an insulating coating, and a product coil It was.
- Test pieces for magnetic measurement were collected from a total of five locations in the longitudinal direction of 0 m, 1000 m, 2000 m, 3000 m and 4000 m of the product coil having a total length of about 4000 m thus obtained, and the iron loss value W 17 at a magnetic flux density of 1.7 T was obtained. / 50 was measured and the average value was determined.
- Table 4 The results of the above measurement are shown in Table 4 with classification according to whether or not the magnetic domain fragmentation treatment was performed. From Table 4, in addition to optimizing the heating conditions for the finish annealing, the iron loss characteristics are further improved by performing the holding treatment in the heating process in the primary recrystallization annealing, in particular, the magnetic domain refinement treatment was performed. It can be seen that the iron loss improvement effect in the case is remarkable.
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Abstract
Description
4d+1.52≦sol.Al/N≦4d+2.32 ・・・(1)
を満たし、かつ、上記仕上焼鈍の加熱過程で鋼板を775~875℃の温度に40~200時間保持した後、875~1050℃の温度域を昇温速度10~60℃/hrで加熱することを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法である。
<実験1>
表1に示したように、C:0.07mass%、Si:3.4mass%、Mn:0.07mass%、Se:0.015mass%、Ni:0.3mass%、Cu:0.03mass%およびSb:0.04mass%を含有し、かつ、sol.AlとNの含有量の比(sol.Al/N)を2.10~3.56の範囲で種々に変化させた成分組成を有する7種の鋼スラブを熱間圧延して板厚2.4mmの熱延コイルとし、900℃×40秒の熱延板焼鈍し、酸洗し、一次冷間圧延して板厚1.5mmとし、1150℃×80秒の中間焼鈍し、170℃の温度で温間圧延して0.12~0.25mmの範囲の種々の板厚の冷延コイルとし、脱脂した後、60vol%H2-40vol%N2の湿水素雰囲気下で850℃×2分の脱炭を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍を施した。
4d+1.52≦sol.Al/N≦4d+2.32 ・・・(1)
を満たすよう制御することで、コイル全長に亘って二次再結晶が発現し、磁気特性が向上することがわかる。
C:0.07mass%、Si:3.4mass%、Mn:0.07mass%、sol.Al:0.020mass%、N:0.007mass%、Se:0.015mass%、Ni:0.3mass%、Cu:0.03mass%およびSb:0.04mass%を含有する鋼スラブを熱間圧延して板厚2.4mmの熱延コイルとし、900℃×40秒の熱延板焼鈍し、酸洗し、一次冷間圧延して板厚1.5mmとし、1150℃×80秒の中間焼鈍し、170℃の温度で温間圧延して最終板厚0.20mmの冷延コイルとし、脱脂し、その後、60vol%H2-40vol%N2の湿水素雰囲気下で850℃×2分の脱炭を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍を施した。
本発明は、上記知見に基づいてなされたものである。
C:0.04~0.12mass%
Cは、熱間圧延、冷間圧延中の組織の均一微細化ならびにGoss方位の発達のために有用な元素であり、少なくとも0.04mass%を含有させる必要がある。しかし、0.12mass%を超えて添加すると、脱炭焼鈍で脱炭不足を起こし、磁気特性が劣化するおそれがある。よって、Cは0.04~0.12mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.05~0.10mass%の範囲である。
Siは、鋼板の比抵抗を高めて鉄損の低減に有効に寄与する元素であり、良好な磁気特性を確保する観点から、本発明では1.5mass%以上含有させる。一方、5.0mass%を超える添加は、冷間加工性を著しく害するようになる。よって、Siは1.5~5.0mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは2.0~4.0mass%の範囲である。
Mnは、熱間加工性を改善し、熱間圧延時の表面疵を防止するのに有効な元素であり、斯かる効果を得るためには0.01mass%以上含有させる必要がある。しかし、1.0mass%を超えて添加すると、磁束密度が低下するようになる。よって、Mnは0.01~1.0mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.04~0.2mass%の範囲である。
Alは、インヒビタであるAlNを構成する必須の元素であり、sol.Alとして0.010mass%未満では、熱延時や熱延板焼鈍の昇温過程等において析出するAlNの量が不足し、インヒビタの効果を得ることができない。一方、0.040mass%を超えて添加すると、析出するインヒビタが粗大化し、逆に抑制力が低下してしまう。よって、AlNのインヒビタ効果を十分に得るためには、Alはsol.Alで0.010~0.040mass%の範囲とする必要がある。好ましくは0.02~0.03mass%の範囲である。
Nは、Alと同様、インヒビタであるAlNを構成する必須の元素である。ただし、このNは、冷延工程において窒化処理を施し、添加することが可能であるので、スラブ段階では、0.004mass%以上含有していればよい。ただし、冷延工程において窒化処理を施さない場合には0.005mass%以上含有させる必要がある。一方、Nを0.02mass%超え添加した場合には、熱間圧延においてふくれを生じるおそれがある。よって、Nは0.004~0.02mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.005~0.01mass%の範囲である。
本発明では、冷間圧延の最終板厚(製品板厚)d(mm)に応じて、鋼素材中のsol.AlおよびNの含有量(mass%)の比を適正化する、具体的には下記(1)式;
4d+1.52≦sol.Al/N≦4d+2.32 ・・・(1)
の関係を満たすよう含有させることが重要である。
図1に示したように、(sol.Al/N)の値が大きい場合は、AlNのインヒビタとしての抑制力が十分ではないため、鋼板の表層と中心層の結晶粒の粗大化を招いてしまう。一方、(sol.Al/N)が小さい場合には、Goss方位からの角度差が大きい粒も二次再結晶するようになるため、二次再結晶後の磁束密度が低下したり、鉄損が増大したりするからである。好ましくは、上記(1)式の左辺は4d+1.81、右辺は4d+2.32である。
なお、(sol.Al/N)の値を、最終板厚d(mm)および鋼素材中のsol.Alの含有量に応じて適正化するため、二次再結晶させる前に、窒化処理を施してNの含有量を調整してもよい。
SおよびSeは、Cu2SやCu2Se等を、AlNと複合して微細析出させるために必要な必須の元素である。斯かる目的のため、本発明では単独もしくは合計で0.005mass%以上を含有させる必要がある。しかし、0.05mass%を超えて添加すると、析出物の粗大化を招く。よって、SおよびSeは単独または合計で0.005~0.05mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.01~0.03mass%の範囲である。
Ni:0.10~1.0mass%
Niは、粒界に偏析し、他の偏析元素、例えば、Sbなどとの共偏析効果を促進し、インヒビタの粗大化を抑止する元素であるので、0.10mass%以上含有させる。しかし、1.0mass%を超えて添加すると、一次再結晶焼鈍後の集合組織が劣化し、磁気特性が低下する原因となる。よって、Niは0.10~1.0mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.10~0.50mass%の範囲である。
Cuは、Cu2SやCu2Seを構成する元素であり、MnSやMnSeに比べて仕上焼鈍中の抑制力の低下が緩やかであるので有利である。さらに、Cu2S,Cu2SeがNi,Sbと共に偏析している場合には、インヒビタの抑制力は低下し難い。そのため、本発明では、Cuを0.02mass%以上添加することもできる。しかし、1.0mass%を超えて含有させると、インヒビタの粗大化を招く。よって、Cuは0.02~1.0mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.04~0.5mass%の範囲である。
Sbは、析出したインヒビタであるAlNやCu2S,Cu2Se,MnS,MnSeの表面に偏析し、インヒビタの粗大化を抑止するために必要な元素である。斯かる効果は0.01mass%以上の添加で得られる。しかし、0.10mass%を超えて添加すると、脱炭反応を阻害し、磁気特性の劣化を招くようになる。よって、Sbは0.01~0.10mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.02~0.05mass%の範囲である。
これらの元素は、いずれも析出物を形成し、結晶粒界や析出物の表面に偏析して抑制力を強化する補助的機能を果たす。斯かる作用を得るためには、これらの元素を1種または2種類以上の合計で0.002mass%以上含有させる必要がある。しかし、1.0mass%を超える添加は、鋼の脆化や脱炭不良を招くおそれがある。よって、上記元素は合計で0.002~1.0mass%の範囲で含有させるのが好ましい。
本発明の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法は、上述した成分組成に調整した鋼スラブを再加熱した後、熱間圧延し、必要に応じて熱延板焼鈍し、1回または中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延し、一次再結晶焼鈍し、二次再結晶焼鈍と純化処理を兼ねた仕上焼鈍を施す一連の工程からなるものである。
上記鋼スラブは、上述した本発明の成分組成を満たして含有する限り、特に製造方法に制限はなく、通常公知の製造条件で製造することができる。
上記鋼スラブは、その後、1250℃以上の温度に再加熱した後、熱間圧延に供する。再加熱温度が1250℃未満では、添加した元素が鋼中に固溶しないからである。なお、再加熱する方法は、ガス炉、誘導加熱炉、通電炉などの公知の方法を用いることができる。また、熱間圧延の条件は、従来公知の条件であればよく、特に制限はない。
上記熱延板焼鈍および中間焼鈍は、熱間圧延や冷間圧延で導入された歪を利用して再結晶させるため、800℃以上の温度で行うことが好ましい。また、上記焼鈍における冷却を、所定の冷却速度で急冷し、鋼中の固溶C量を高めることは、二次再結晶の核生成頻度を高める効果があるので好ましい。また、急速冷却した後、所定の温度範囲で保定することは、微細カーバイドを鋼中に析出させ上記効果を高めるのでより好ましい。上記の冷間圧延では、パス間時効や温間圧延を適用してもよいことは勿論である。
ここで、上記一次再結晶焼鈍は、加熱過程における200~700℃間を昇温速度50℃/s以上で加熱するとともに、250~600℃間のいずれかの温度において、1~10秒間、保定処理を施すことが好ましい。この急速加熱と保定処理を施すことで、二次再結晶後の再結晶がより細粒化されるので、低鉄損でかつ鉄損値のばらつきが小さい方向性電磁鋼板を得ることができるからである。なお、上記保定処理時の温度変化は、±50℃以下であれば問題はない。
なお、上記二次再結晶前の保持は、775~875℃間の特定温度で40~200時間保持してもよいし、775~875℃の間を40~200時間かけて昇温するようにしてもよい。
インヒビタとしてAlNを用いる方向性電磁鋼板の製造では、およそ920℃以上の温度でAlNが分解し、表層の一次再結晶粒の粗大化が生じる。ここで、二次再結晶を開始する前にAlNが分解するのを抑制するためには、二次再結晶温度域に速やかに昇温してやる必要があるが、コイル焼鈍では、加熱初期段階での昇温速度が緩やかとなるため、AlNの分解を抑制することができず、表層の一次再結晶粒の粗大化を招いていた。そこで、再結晶する温度まで加熱する前に、所定温度で所定時間の保持を行うことで、コイル内の温度分布が均一となり、AlNが分解する温度域での昇温速度が速くなり、二次再結晶前の一次再結晶粒の粗大化を抑制することができる。
また、1050℃から最高温度までの昇温速度は、経済性の観点から5℃/hr以上とするのが好ましく、一方、コイル内温度を均一化する観点から100℃/hr以下とするのが好ましい。
表3から、Ni,CuおよびSbのうちから選ばれる1種以上、あるいはさらに、Ge,Bi,V,Nb,Tb,Cr,SnおよびMoのうちから選ばれる1種以上を添加することによって鉄損特性がより改善されていること、また、(sol.Al/N)が外れると、鉄損特性が大きく劣化することがわかる。
上記測定の結果を、磁区細分化処理の有無に区分して表4に併記した。表4から、仕上焼鈍の加熱条件の適正化に加えて、一次再結晶焼鈍における加熱過程において保定処理を施すことによって、鉄損特性がさらに改善されること、特に、磁区細分化処理を施した場合における鉄損改善効果が著しいことがわかる。
Claims (6)
- C:0.04~0.12mass%、Si:1.5~5.0mass%、Mn:0.01~1.0mass%、sol.Al:0.010~0.040mass%、N:0.004~0.02mass%、SおよびSeから選ばれる1種または2種:合計0.005~0.05mass%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有する鋼スラブを1250℃以上に加熱後、熱間圧延して板厚1.8mm以上の熱延板とし、1回または中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延により最終板厚0.15~0.23mmの冷延板とし、一次再結晶焼鈍した後、仕上焼鈍を施す一連の工程からなる方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法において、
前記鋼スラブのsol.AlとNの含有量の比(sol.Al/N)と、最終板厚d(mm)とが下記(1)式を満たし、かつ、
前記仕上焼鈍の加熱過程で鋼板を775~875℃の温度に40~200時間保持した後、875~1050℃の温度域を昇温速度10~60℃/hrで加熱することを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
記
4d+1.52≦sol.Al/N≦4d+2.32 ・・・(1) - 前記鋼スラブは、前記成分組成に加えてさらに、Ni:0.1~1.0mass%、Cu:0.02~1.0mass%およびSb:0.01~0.10mass%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記鋼スラブは、前記成分組成に加えてさらに、Ge,Bi,V,Nb,Te,Cr,SnおよびMoのうちから選らばれる1種または2種以上を合計で0.002~1.0mass%含有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記一次再結晶焼鈍の加熱過程における200~700℃間を昇温速度50℃/s以上で加熱するとともに、250~600℃間のいずれかの温度において、1~10秒間、保定処理を施すことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 冷間圧延後のいずれかの段階で、鋼板表面に圧延方向と交差する方向に溝を形成して磁区細分化処理を施すことを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 絶縁被膜を被成した鋼板表面に、圧延方向と交差する方向に連続的または断続的に電子ビームあるいはレーザを照射して磁区細分化処理を施すことを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
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