WO2013145601A1 - ノンフライポテトチップス - Google Patents
ノンフライポテトチップス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013145601A1 WO2013145601A1 PCT/JP2013/001658 JP2013001658W WO2013145601A1 WO 2013145601 A1 WO2013145601 A1 WO 2013145601A1 JP 2013001658 W JP2013001658 W JP 2013001658W WO 2013145601 A1 WO2013145601 A1 WO 2013145601A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- potato chips
- fried potato
- fried
- holes
- minor axis
- Prior art date
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- 235000013606 potato chips Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 183
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims description 73
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 73
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 37
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 35
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N triolein Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000004213 low-fat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019659 mouth feeling Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010007269 Carcinogenicity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007670 carcinogenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000260 carcinogenicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019583 umami taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/10—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops
- A23L19/12—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops of potatoes
- A23L19/18—Roasted or fried products, e.g. snacks or chips
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/10—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops
- A23L19/12—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops of potatoes
- A23L19/14—Original non-roasted or non-fried potato pieces
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/10—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying
- A23L5/15—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying using wave energy, irradiation, electrical means or magnetic fields, e.g. oven cooking or roasting using radiant dry heat
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2200/00—Function of food ingredients
- A23V2200/30—Foods, ingredients or supplements having a functional effect on health
- A23V2200/332—Promoters of weight control and weight loss
- A23V2200/3324—Low fat - reduced fat content
Definitions
- the present invention relates to potato chips that are not fried in oil, so-called non-fried potato chips.
- Potato chips fried in hot oil with a thin slice of potato has a unique crispy texture and fragrant flavor, but because it is fried in oil, the fat content is high and the fat content is about 40% of the product weight Reached and the calories are very high. For this reason, in order to respond to recent health consciousness, non-fried potato chips with low fat content produced without frying in oil are commercially available, and several methods for producing such non-fried potato chips have also been proposed ( (See Patent Documents 1 to 7).
- non-fried potato chips are not as crispy and light as the fried potato chips, but have a crispy or crunchy texture, or a texture that feels a thin paper core, The mouth melts badly.
- the conventional manufacturing method can also do something, but especially in non-fried potato chips that use raw sliced potatoes as they are, in the conventional technology, It did not reach a crispy texture like potato chips fried in oil.
- the present inventors reduced fat content and calories by manufacturing without frying in oil, yet having excellent crispy texture that was insufficient with conventional technology, fried in oil It was an object to provide non-fried potato chips that are comparable to the manufactured potato chips.
- the present inventors have focused on the structure of potato chips, found that the above problems can be solved by having a large number of uniform voids inside the non-fried potato chips, and repeated further studies, The present invention has been completed.
- the present invention (1) When the longitudinal section is observed, the number of holes having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more is 10 / mm 2 or more, and the porosity is 35 to 65%. (2) The non-fried potato chips according to (1), wherein an average value of average diameters of the holes (average value of major axis and minor axis) is 300 ⁇ m or less, (3) The non-fried potato chips according to (1) or (2), wherein a coefficient of variation (standard deviation / average diameter) of the average diameter of the holes is 55% or less, (4) The non-fried potato chips according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein an average value of major axis / minor axis of the hole is 2 or less, (5) The non-fried potato chips according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the number of holes having a major axis / minor axis value of 2 or less among the holes is 5 / mm 2 or more.
- the non-fried potato chips according to the present invention have an excellent effect that the sliced potato has a crispy and mouth-watering texture comparable to that of fried potato chips because the inside of the sliced potato is sufficiently expanded uniformly.
- the crunchy texture refers to a texture that is easily broken in the mouth and does not leave debris when eaten.
- the non-fried potato chips according to the present invention are not fried in oil, the fat content can be reduced compared to potato chips fried in oil, resulting in an excellent effect of being low in calories and healthy. Also play.
- Example 1 It is an electron micrograph (30 times) of arbitrary three vertical cross sections among one embodiment of the non-fried potato chips concerning the present invention.
- Example 2 It is an electron micrograph (30 times) of arbitrary three vertical cross sections among one embodiment of the non-fried potato chips concerning the present invention.
- Example 3 It is an electron micrograph (30 times) of arbitrary three vertical cross sections among one embodiment of the non-fried potato chips concerning the present invention.
- Example 4 It is an electron micrograph (30 times) of arbitrary three vertical cross sections among one embodiment of the non-fried potato chips concerning the present invention.
- Example 5 It is an electron microscope photograph (30 times) of arbitrary three sheets among the longitudinal cross-sections of the commercially available non-fry potato chips.
- Comparative Example 1 It is an electron microscope photograph (30 times) of arbitrary 3 sheets among the longitudinal cross-sections of the non-fried potato chips of the comparative example of the present invention.
- Comparative Example 2 It is an electron microscope photograph (30 times) of arbitrary 3 sheets among the longitudinal cross-sections of the non-fried potato chips of the comparative example of the present invention.
- Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 3
- the non-fried potato chips according to the present invention are characterized in that, when a longitudinal section is observed, the number of holes having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more is about 10 / mm 2 or more and the porosity is about 35 to about 65%. It is what. This feature indicates that the interior of the non-fried potato chips according to the present invention is sufficiently expanded, and a large number of voids exist.
- the “short diameter” of the hole means the diameter in the short direction of the hole (the length in the direction perpendicular to the long diameter of the hole in the longitudinal section).
- the “major diameter” of the hole means the maximum diameter in the longitudinal direction of the hole.
- the “hole” refers to a shape in which the form formed by the voids in the non-fried potato chips is observed as a hole in the longitudinal section of the non-fried potato chips.
- the “longitudinal section” of the non-fried potato chips is a broken section formed by manually cutting one target non-fried potato chip in its longitudinal direction, and the observed position is a broken section. This refers to a cut section that is about halfway from the center of the split section to the periphery when it is cut in half so that it passes through the approximate center of the potato chips.
- the “number of holes” is the number of holes per unit area observed in a longitudinal section of a certain length of one non-fried potato chip, and the 20 non-fried potato chips arbitrarily selected.
- the average number of holes is the simple term “average value” refers to an arithmetic average value.
- the “porosity” refers to a numerical value obtained by calculating the area of holes observed in a longitudinal section of a certain length of a single non-fried potato chip and summing the areas of the holes.
- the value obtained by dividing the vertical cross-sectional area by the numerical value is the porosity of one non-fried potato chip, and is the average value of the porosity of 20 arbitrarily selected non-fried potato chips.
- the non-fried potato chips according to the present invention sufficiently expands the inside of the raw potato, increases the number of holes having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more observed in the longitudinal section to about 10 / mm 2 or more, and has a void ratio. By adjusting to about 35 to about 65%, it has a crispy texture that is crispy and comparable to fried potato chips.
- the number of holes having a minor diameter of 20 ⁇ m or more is about 10 / mm 2 or more, preferably about 10 to about 20 / mm 2 , more preferably about 12 ⁇ about 16 pieces / mm 2 .
- the porosity is about 35 to about 65%, preferably about 45 to about 60%, and more preferably about 50 to about 60%.
- the average value of the average diameters of the holes having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more observed in the longitudinal section of one non-fried potato chips is preferably about 300 ⁇ m or less, more preferably about 150 Is about 250 ⁇ m.
- the “average diameter” of the holes refers to the average value of the long diameter and the short diameter of the holes observed in the cut section of 20 arbitrarily selected non-fried potato chips.
- the average value of the average diameter of the holes having a short diameter of 20 ⁇ m or more is set to 300 ⁇ m or less, and the non-fried potato chips according to the present invention is made more crisp and has a good mouth melt texture. be able to.
- the variation coefficient of the average diameter of holes having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more observed in the longitudinal section of one non-fried potato chip is preferably about 55% or less, more preferably about 50% or less.
- the “variation coefficient” of the average diameter of the holes means the standard deviation of the average diameters of all the holes in a cross section of a fixed length in 20 non-fried potato chips arbitrarily selected. The average value of the values (standard deviation / average diameter) divided by the average value of, and represents the relative variation in the average diameter of the holes.
- That the coefficient of variation of the average diameter of holes having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more is about 55% or less means that the variation of the average diameter of holes having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more is relatively small and uniform.
- the non-fried potato chips according to the present invention can be made more crisp and have a good mouth melt texture.
- the non-fried potato chips according to the present invention preferably have an average value (long diameter / short diameter) obtained by dividing the major axis of a hole having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more observed in the longitudinal section of one non-fried potato chip by the minor axis (
- the average value of 20 arbitrarily selected sheets) is about 2 or less. The smaller the value obtained by dividing the major axis of the hole by the minor axis (major axis / minor axis), the less the shape of the hole is distorted and the closer the circle.
- the average value of the number of holes having a major axis / minor axis value of 2 or less in the minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more observed in the longitudinal section of one non-fried potato chip (average of 20 arbitrarily selected) Value) is 5 pieces / mm 2 or more.
- the non-fried potato chips according to the present invention are manufactured by a manufacturing method including a step of heating and drying a sliced potato itself.
- the non-fried potato chips according to the potato chips of the present invention preferably have a fat content of about 25% or less. More preferably, potato chips fried in oil can be dropped to about 15% or less in a state that does not change much in terms of taste and the like, and low-calorie potato chips can be obtained.
- non-fried potato chips of the present invention can be manufactured by a plurality of novel manufacturing methods.
- the method by performing combining the process which sprays a microwave, superheated steam, and the high temperature / high speed airflow first is described, and another method is described subsequently.
- ⁇ Use raw potato slices as raw material.
- the raw potatoes are washed, peeled off if necessary, trimmed, and then sliced thinly with a slicer or the like.
- the thickness to be sliced is preferably about 0.8 mm to 2.0 mm, more preferably about 1.0 mm to 1.4 mm, and still more preferably about 1.0 mm to 1.1 mm in view of the texture of the product.
- a method of cutting the cross section into a W shape (jagged cut) or the like can also be adopted.
- the sliced potato may be used as it is. However, in order to wash away the starch on the surface of the potato and to change color when left for a long time, the water may be removed after being immersed in cold water or warm water.
- fats and oils it is preferable to attach fats and oils to this sliced potato. It is considered that by attaching oils and fats to potatoes, the potatoes can be heated to a temperature exceeding 100 ° C. in the heating step described later, and the texture of the product can be made crisp. It is preferable that the fats and oils are attached before the heat treatment by spraying a high-temperature and high-speed air stream described later. That is, it may be performed before or after heating with microwaves described later, before or after heating with superheated steam, or may be performed at a plurality of times.
- the oil and fat to be attached is not particularly limited as long as the texture of the product can be made crisp, and examples thereof include rice white squeezed oil and palm olein oil.
- the amount of oil to be attached is about 1% or more by weight with respect to the sliced potato weight, and a small amount may be used.
- the amount of fats and oils can also be adjusted for the purpose of improving the taste of the final product.
- a method of attaching for example, spraying, coating, dipping and the like can be selected as appropriate.
- the sliced potatoes or the sliced potatoes to which oils and fats are attached are heated by microwaves.
- the heating by the microwave is the heating by the interaction between the microwave and the sliced potato, and the microwave is absorbed by the potato due to dielectric loss, and the energy becomes heat.
- a microwave oven etc. are mentioned.
- the heating condition is 500 W (potatoes 10 g to 20 g)
- it is preferably performed for about 10 to 30 seconds, particularly preferably about 20 seconds.
- the inside of the sliced potato is rapidly heated and ⁇ -ized, and when heated by a high-temperature and high-speed airflow later, the expansion becomes more uniform, and the texture of the product is crisp It is thought that it can be made.
- Superheated steam is obtained by heating saturated steam to 100 ° C. or higher at normal pressure, and is characterized by being heated in a state where the amount of heat is very high and oxygen is low because it is heated by steam.
- the superheated steam is heated at about 150 to 220 ° C., particularly preferably at about 180 to 210 ° C. for about 20 seconds to 1 minute.
- heating with high-temperature superheated steam it is considered that the surface portion of the sliced potato is heated at high temperature to become ⁇ , and the texture of the product can be made crunchy.
- the potatoes are ⁇ -shaped and expanded by being heated by blowing a high-temperature and high-speed air stream.
- the heat treatment by spraying a high-temperature and high-speed air current is a method in which a high-temperature and high-speed air current is sprayed and blown toward a sliced potato from, for example, a slit-like or tube-like nozzle.
- the heat treatment by blowing high-temperature and high-speed airflow is a process whose main purpose is to sufficiently expand and dry the potato chips.
- the heat treatment by blowing a high-temperature and high-speed air stream is performed at least at about 100 ° C., and in order to obtain a more crisp texture, the temperature is about 180 ° C. or more, the wind speed is about 50 m / s or more, more preferably about 200 ° C.
- the above is preferably performed so that it does not burn for about 1 minute 30 seconds to about 3 minutes. Specifically, it is possible to exemplify performing at about 200 ° C. and about 60 m / s for about 3 minutes.
- the temperature is less than about 180 ° C., the texture of the product tends to be crisp and hard, but when aiming at a firm texture, treatment at about 140 ° C. is also possible.
- the wind speed is less than about 50 m / s, the expansion of potatoes becomes weak and the final product has a firm texture, so 50 m / s or more is preferable.
- the apparatus for generating a high-temperature and high-speed air stream as described above is not particularly limited as long as the sliced potato is expanded and dried, but the conveyor moves through the dryer, and slits or tubes are placed above the transporting conveyor.
- An apparatus that has a large number of jet nozzles, narrows and blows out the airflow sent from the fan by the nozzles, and blows hot air at high speed and high speed on the object on the conveyor is preferable.
- apparatuses described in JP-A-9-210554, JP-A-2003-90681, etc., vertical collision flow type or fluidized bed type heat treatment apparatus (for example, THERMOZONE (registered trademark), manufactured by Arakawa Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) Etc. are used.
- heat treatment is performed with a high-temperature and high-speed air flow to expand and dry the potato.
- the high-temperature air flow as described above is continuously sprayed, the non-fried potato chips may be burnt. Therefore, it is preferable that after the heat treatment with a high-temperature and high-speed air flow and expansion, the finish is further dried by a general hot air drying method of about 80 to 120 ° C. by lowering the wind speed or temperature.
- a general hot air drying method of about 80 to 120 ° C. by lowering the wind speed or temperature.
- preferable hot air drying for example, drying in a drying cabinet at a temperature of about 80 to about 120 ° C. may be mentioned.
- the said finish drying process should just be able to dry so that a water
- moisture content may be reduced to 3% or less, and you may carry out by adding an appropriate drying method or other several drying methods.
- the drying is preferably performed until the final moisture content is about 2% or less.
- the first microwave heat treatment is replaced with a specific superheated steam heat treatment.
- Superheated steam has a high amount of heat, and when heated for a long time, the potatoes dry out and a crispy texture cannot be obtained. Accordingly, at least the heating time with the first superheated steam is set to a short time of about 1 minute or less, and it is taken out of the steambox before being dried and cooled, and the next process with the superheated steam is performed.
- the high-temperature high-speed air current is sprayed and expanded and dried in the same manner as the manufacturing method described at the beginning.
- the temperature, wind speed, and other conditions are preferably 180 ° C. or higher and the wind speed of 50 m / s or higher so as not to burn.
- the subsequent finish drying is the same as the above-described manufacturing method.
- the fat content of the product according to the present invention has a crispy texture comparable to that fried in oil, It can be reduced to less than half, and even less than 1/3 compared to a deep-fried product. Moreover, compared with what fried in oil, it has the effect that the production amount of acrylamide which is suspected of carcinogenicity etc. can be decreased.
- the non-fried potato chips according to the present invention thus produced can be reduced to about 15% or less in a state where the fat content is about 25% or less and the potato chips fried in oil are not much different in terms of taste and the like.
- the calorie equivalent to the reduced fat content can be reduced by adjusting the fat content.
- seasoning oil may be sprayed and seasoned by sprinkling salt, spices, etc.
- the seasoning oil is approximately 2-5% of the weight of the potato chips after drying, depending on the fat content of the product, and the seasoning powder such as salt and umami seasoning is dried and then the weight of the potato chips after drying.
- the amount is preferably about 5%.
- the manufacturing method of the non-fried potato chips which concern on this invention is the above as long as the non-fried potato chips which concern on this invention can be manufactured. Needless to say, it may be other than the manufacturing method described above.
- the non-fried potato chips according to the present invention can be made into a product after being manufactured and sealed in a bag or container such as an aluminum vapor-deposited film that does not allow oxygen or moisture to pass through.
- Number of holes with a short diameter of 20 ⁇ m or more Count the number of holes with a short diameter of 20 ⁇ m or more observed in a split surface of a fixed length (about 4 mm) of one non-fried potato chip, and the short diameter of 20 ⁇ m or more per 1 mm 2 cross-sectional area The number of holes (pieces / mm 2 ) was calculated (recognize those having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more as “holes”).
- the number of holes with a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more per 1 mm 2 cross-sectional area was calculated, and the average value of the number of those 20 holes was calculated as “the diameter of a hole with a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more. Number ".
- Average value of the average diameter of the holes Observed in a split section of a certain length (about 4 mm) of one non-fried potato chip, the major axis (diameter in the longitudinal direction of each hole) and minor axis of each minor axis having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more (A diameter in the short direction of the hole) was measured, and the average value of the long diameter and the short diameter was calculated and used as the average diameter of the hole.
- the average diameter of a single non-fried potato chip hole is obtained by dividing the numerical value obtained by measuring the average diameter of all the holes and dividing the value by the number of holes observed in the split section of the given length. The average value.
- the average value of the average diameter of the holes was measured for each of the 20 non-fried potato chips arbitrarily selected, and the average value of the 20 sheets was defined as the “average value of the average diameter of the holes”.
- Variation coefficient of average diameter of hole The standard deviation of the average diameter of all the holes having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more observed in a split surface of a fixed length (about 4 mm) of one non-fried potato chip is calculated for all the holes. The value obtained by dividing by the average value of the average diameter was taken as the coefficient of variation of the average diameter of one non-fried potato chips hole. The variation coefficient of the average diameter of the holes was measured for each of the 20 non-fried potato chips arbitrarily selected, and the average value of the 20 sheets was defined as “the variation coefficient of the average diameter of the holes”.
- the value of the major axis / minor axis of the hole The ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of each hole having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more, which was observed in a split surface of a fixed length (about 4 mm) of one non-fried potato chip, was calculated. The ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of all the holes was calculated, and the average value was taken as the major axis / minor axis value of one non-fried potato chip.
- the value of the major axis / minor axis of the hole was measured, and the average value of the 20 sheets was defined as “the value of the major axis / minor axis of the hole”.
- Number of holes whose major axis / minor axis is 2 or less
- A The mouth feels good as a crispy and has a texture comparable to that of fried potato chips.
- the present invention aims at a texture corresponding to A or B, ultimately A, and the one corresponding to A or B has the effects of the present invention.
- Example 1 A potato (variety name: Toyoshiro) excellent in the suitability of potato chips was washed, peeled with a peeler, and then sliced with a slicer to a thickness of 1.0 mm to 1.1 mm. The slice piece was spread and sprayed with 2% palm olein oil based on the weight of the sliced potato.
- the 20 g of sliced potatoes were heated with microwaves for 20 seconds using a microwave oven with an output of 500 W so that the overlap was 2 or less.
- heating was performed with superheated steam for 30 seconds in a superheated steamhouse with a steam flow rate of 180 kg / h so that the temperature hitting the sliced potato surface was 190 ° C.
- the wind speed is 60 m / s.
- Heat treatment was performed by spraying a sliced potato with a high-temperature, high-speed air flow at a temperature of 200 ° C. for 3 minutes.
- finish drying was performed for 60 minutes in a hot air dryer at a temperature of 85 ° C. and a wind speed of 4 m / s until the water content became 2%, thereby producing non-fry potato chips.
- FIG. 1 shows a photograph (magnification: 30 times) taken by the As is clear from FIG. 1, the inside of the non-fried potato chips of Example 1 was sufficiently expanded, and a large number of voids existed.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of the above measurement items 1 to 6 and the average value and standard deviation of each measurement result for the samples selected arbitrarily from 20 non-fry potato chips of Example 1.
- Example 2 In the manufacturing method of Example 1, except that the step of spraying palm olein oil having a weight of 2% with respect to the weight of the sliced potato was performed after heating by microwaves and before heating by superheated steam, Non-fried potato chips were produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 shows a photograph (30 times) of a vertical cross section of any three non-fried potato chips of the non-fried potato chips of Example 2 taken by a scanning electron microscope. As is clear from FIG. 2, the inside of the non-fried potato chips of Example 2 was also sufficiently expanded, and a large number of voids were present.
- Table 2 shows the measurement results of the above measurement items 1 to 6 and the average value and standard deviation of each of the measurement items 1 to 6 for a sample of 20 samples selected from the non-fried potato chips of Example 2.
- Example 3 In the production method of Example 1, the step of spraying palm olein oil having a weight of 2% with respect to the weight of the sliced potato was performed after heating with superheated steam and before heating with high-temperature and high-speed airflow. Produced non-fried potato chips as in Example 1.
- FIG. 3 shows a photograph (30 times) of a vertical cross section of any three non-fried potato chips of the non-fried potato chips of Example 3 taken by a scanning electron microscope. As apparent from FIG. 3, the inside of the non-fried potato chips of Example 3 was sufficiently expanded, and a large number of voids existed.
- Table 3 shows the measurement results of the above measurement items 1 to 6 and the average value and standard deviation of each of the measurement items 1 to 6 for a sample of 20 samples selected from the non-fried potato chips of Example 3.
- Example 4 In the manufacturing method of Example 1, instead of microwave heating in a microwave oven with an output of 500 W, heating with superheated steam is performed, and thereafter heating with superheated steam is performed as in Example 1, heating with high-temperature and high-speed airflow is performed. Non-fried potato chips were produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 1 For the potato slices to which the fats and oils were sprayed and adhered as in Example 1, in the superheated steamhouse with a steam flow rate of 180 kg / h, 30 degrees of superheated steam was applied so that the temperature hitting the sliced potato surface was 190 ° C. After heating for 2 seconds, take it out of the chamber, and after 10 seconds, again heat in the superheated steam chamber with a steam flow rate of 180 kg / h for 30 seconds with superheated steam so that the temperature hitting the sliced potato surface is 190 ° C. 1 was heated by spraying a high-temperature and high-speed air stream and finish-dried at a temperature of 85 ° C.
- FIG. 4 shows a photograph (30 times) of a vertical cross section of any three non-fried potato chips of the non-fried potato chips of Example 4 taken by a scanning electron microscope. As is clear from FIG. 4, the inside of the non-fried potato chips of Example 4 was sufficiently expanded, and a large number of voids existed.
- Table 4 shows the measurement results of the above measurement items 1 to 6 and the average value and standard deviation of each measurement result for the sample in which 20 samples were arbitrarily selected from the non-fried potato chips of Example 4.
- Example 5 In the manufacturing method of the first embodiment, the process of performing microwave heating in a microwave oven with an output of 500 W and subsequently heating with superheated steam is replaced with heating with a high-temperature high-speed air stream, and a large amount of saturated steam is added to the high-temperature high-speed air stream.
- the non-fried potato chips were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a high-temperature, high-speed airflow heat treatment apparatus (THERMOZONE (registered trademark) manufactured by Arakawa Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) having a number of thin cylindrical injection nozzles above the conveyor for potato slices to which oils and fats are sprayed and adhered as in Example 1.
- the temperature applied to the sliced potato surface is 150 ° C. and the wind speed is 65 m / s using a fluidized bed (air bed type heat treatment apparatus) and blowing saturated steam with a steam flow rate of 180 kg / h into the chamber.
- a high-temperature and high-speed air stream was blown for 30 seconds to heat.
- the high-temperature and high-speed air flow is set so that the temperature hitting the potato surface is 150 ° C. and the wind speed is 65 m / s while blowing saturated steam with a steam flow rate of 180 kg / h into the chamber again.
- heating was performed by blowing a high-temperature and high-speed air stream and drying at a temperature of 85 ° C. without introducing steam as in Example 1.
- FIG. 5 shows a photograph (30 times) of a vertical cross section of any three non-fried potato chips of the non-fried potato chips of Example 5 taken by a scanning electron microscope. As is clear from FIG. 5, the inside of the non-fried potato chips of Example 5 was sufficiently expanded, and a large number of voids existed.
- Table 5 shows the measurement results of the above measurement items 1 to 6 and the average value and standard deviation of each measurement result for the sample in which 20 samples were arbitrarily selected from the non-fried potato chips of Example 5.
- Example 1 When the non-fried potato chips of Example 5 were subjected to sensory evaluation, the mouthfeel was good as a crispy, and the texture was almost the same as that of fried potato chips. The sensory evaluation result was A.
- Comparative Example 1 Commercially available non-fried potato chips (trade name “Pote Karuru”, manufactured by Sapporo Fine Foods Co., Ltd.) were used as Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 6 shows a photograph (30 times) of a vertical cross section of any three non-fried potato chips of Comparative Example 1 taken with a scanning electron microscope. As is clear from FIG. 6, the inside of the non-fried potato chips of Comparative Example 1 is characterized in that the porosity is high, but large holes are formed and the number of holes is small. Also, the shape of the hole and the size of the hole are not so uniform.
- Table 6 shows the measurement results of the above measurement items 1 to 6 and the average value and standard deviation of each measurement result for a sample in which 20 samples were arbitrarily selected from the non-fried potato chips of Comparative Example 1.
- Example 2 After washing potatoes (variety name: Toyoshiro) excellent in the suitability of potato chips, peeling them off with a peeler, the thickness was 1.0 mm to 1.1 mm with a slicer. Sliced.
- the 20 g of the sliced potato was heated by microwave for 150 seconds using a microwave oven with an output of 500 W so that the water content was 20%.
- finish drying was performed in a hot air drier at a temperature of 85 ° C. and a wind speed of 4 m / s for 1 hour until the water content became about 2%, thereby producing non-fry potato chips.
- FIG. 7 shows a photograph (magnification: 30 times) of a vertical cross section of any three non-fry potato chips of Comparative Example 2 manufactured in this way, taken with a scanning electron microscope.
- the inside of the non-fried potato chips of Comparative Example 2 has a small number of holes, large diameters of holes, and a large variation in size.
- Table 7 shows the measurement results of the above measurement items 1 to 6 and the average value and standard deviation of each of the measurement items 1 to 6 for a sample in which 20 samples were arbitrarily selected from the non-fry potato chips of Comparative Example 2.
- Example 5 In Example 5 described above, it has been found that the non-fry potato chips of the present invention can be manufactured by the method of injecting a large amount of steam at the initial stage only by the method of injecting the air flow at high temperature and high speed. Therefore, a comparative example in which steam was not blown was created and compared.
- potatoes (variety name: Toyoshiro) excellent in suitability of potato chips were washed, peeled with a peeler, and then sliced with a slicer to a thickness of 1.0 mm to 1.1 mm. Sliced. The slice piece was spread and sprayed with 2% palm olein oil based on the weight of the sliced potato.
- finish drying was performed in a hot air drier at a temperature of 85 ° C. and a wind speed of 4 m / s for 1 hour until the water content became 2% or less to produce non-fry potato chips.
- FIG. 8 shows a photograph (magnification: 30 times) of a vertical cross section of any three non-fry potato chips of Comparative Example 3 manufactured in this way, taken with a scanning electron microscope.
- the inside of the non-fried potato chips of Comparative Example 3 has a small number of holes, large diameters of holes, and a large variation in size.
- Table 8 shows the measurement results of the above measurement items 1 to 6 and the average value and standard deviation of each of the measurement items 1 to 6 for a sample in which 20 samples were arbitrarily selected from the non-fried potato chips of Comparative Example 3.
- the number of holes having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more and the porosity of the non-fried potato chips of Examples 1 to 5 are 13.1 / mm 2 , 15.9 when the longitudinal section is observed, respectively.
- Pieces / mm 2 , 13.7 pieces / mm 2 , 13.8 pieces / mm 2 , 12.2 pieces / mm 2 , and all were 10 pieces / mm 2 or more.
- the void ratios were 51%, 53%, 56%, 51%, and 54%, respectively, and were in the range of 35 to 65%.
- the holes having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more are 3.5 holes / mm 2 , 5.9 holes / mm 2 , 5.5, respectively.
- Pieces / mm 2 significantly lower than 10 pieces / mm 2 . That is, the non-fried potato chips of the comparative example did not satisfy the condition that the number of holes having a minor diameter of 20 ⁇ m or more was 10 / mm 2 or more and the porosity was 35 to 65%.
- the number of holes with a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more observed in the longitudinal section is 10 / It was thought that it was important that the thickness was at least 2 mm and the porosity was 35 to 65%.
- Average value of average diameter of holes having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more The average values of average diameters of holes observed in the longitudinal sections of the non-fried potato chips of Examples 1 to 5 are 214 ⁇ m, 195 ⁇ m, 214 ⁇ m, 205 ⁇ m, and 221 ⁇ m, respectively. Whereas it was 300 ⁇ m or less, the average diameters of the non-fried potato chips of Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 were large at 502 ⁇ m, 331 ⁇ m, and 392 ⁇ m, respectively, and 300 ⁇ m or more.
- the non-fried potato chips of each example had an average value of the average diameter of holes having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more observed in the longitudinal section of 300 ⁇ m or less, which was smaller than that of the comparative example.
- Variation coefficient of average diameter of holes having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more The variation coefficient (standard deviation / average diameter) of the average diameter of holes having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more observed in the longitudinal section of the non-fried potato chips of Examples 1 to 5 is respectively 45%, 46%, 46%, 47%, and 50%, all of which were 55% or less, and the variation in the average diameter of holes having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more was relatively small and uniform.
- the variation coefficients of the average diameters of the holes having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more observed in the longitudinal sections of the non-fried potato chips of Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 are 78%, 74%, and 64%, respectively, which is 55% larger.
- Average value of major axis / minor axis of holes having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more The average value of major axis / minor axis of holes having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more observed in the longitudinal section of the non-fried potato chips of Examples 1 to 5 is 2 or less, The shape of the hole was not distorted and was close to a circle. Furthermore, the average number of major axis / minor axis of the minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more observed in the longitudinal section of the non-fried potato chips of Examples 1 to 5 is 10.5 / mm respectively.
- the average number of the major axis / minor axis of the minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more observed in the longitudinal section of the non-fried potato chips of Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 is 2.1 or less, respectively.
- Pieces / mm 2 , 4.0 pieces / mm 2 , 4.6 pieces / mm 2 which was lower than 5 pieces / mm 2 .
- the non-fried potato chips of each example are not distorted in the shape of the hole having a minor axis of 20 ⁇ m or more observed in the longitudinal section, and are almost circular, and the number of holes is 5 / mm 2. It turns out that it is above.
- the non-fried potato chips according to the present invention have a crispy and mouth-feeling texture comparable to that of fried potato chips.
- the non-fried potato chips according to the present invention are healthy potato chips because of low fat content and low calories.
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Abstract
Description
(1)縦断面を観察すると、短径20μm以上の穴の数が10個/mm2以上であり、空隙率が35~65%である、ノンフライポテトチップス、
(2)前記穴の平均径(長径と短径の平均値)の平均値が300μm以下である、前記第(1)項に記載のノンフライポテトチップス、
(3)前記穴の平均径の変動係数(標準偏差/平均径)が55%以下である、前記第(1)又は(2)項に記載のノンフライポテトチップス、
(4)前記穴の長径/短径の平均値が2以下である、前記第(1)~(3)項のいずれかに記載のノンフライポテトチップス、
(5)前記穴のうち、長径/短径の値が2以下である穴の数が、5個/mm2以上である前記(1)~(4)項のいずれかに記載のノンフライポテトチップス、
(6)スライスしたジャガイモを加熱する工程及び乾燥する工程を含む製造方法によって製造される、前記第(1)~(5)項のいずれかに記載のノンフライポテトチップス、及び、
(7)油脂含量が25%以下である、前記第(1)~(6)項のいずれかに記載のノンフライポテトチップス
に関する。
<測定項目及び測定方法>
下記実施例及び比較例のノンフライポテトチップスを長手方向に約半分に手で割って割断し(目視で凸凹のあまり目立たない位置を選んで割断)、中心部から周辺部へ約半分くらいの位置の一定区間(約4mm)の割断面をサンプリングした。そのノンフライポテトチップスをアセトンで脱脂した後、割断面を金蒸着した。走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて、ノンフライポテトチップスの空隙によって形成される、割断面中の穴の形態を30倍の倍率で観察し、以下の項目について測定した。
1枚のノンフライポテトチップスの一定長さ(約4mm)の割断面において観察される短径20μm以上の穴の数を数え、断面積1mm2当たりの短径20μm以上の穴の数(個/mm2)を算出した(短径20μm以上のものを「穴」として認識する)。任意に選択した20枚のノンフライポテトチップスそれぞれについて、断面積1mm2当たりの短径20μm以上の穴の数を算出し、それら20枚の穴の数の平均値を「短径20μm以上の穴の数」とした。
1枚のノンフライポテトチップスの一定長さ(約4mm)の割断面において観察される、それぞれの穴の面積を計算した。それぞれの穴の面積の合計した数値を、一定長さの断面積の数値で割った値を、1枚のノンフライポテトチップスの空隙率とした。任意に選択した20枚のノンフライポテトチップスそれぞれについて空隙率を測定し、それら20枚の空隙率の平均値を「空隙率」とした。
1枚のノンフライポテトチップスの一定長さ(約4mm)の割断面において観察される、短径20μm以上のそれぞれの穴の長径(穴の長手方向の径)と短径(穴の短手方向の径)を測定して、長径と短径の平均値を算出し、その穴の平均径とした。全ての穴の平均径を測定して算出した値を合計した数値を、当該一定長さの割断面で観察される穴の数で割った値を、1枚のノンフライポテトチップスの穴の平均径の平均値とした。任意に選択した20枚のノンフライポテトチップスそれぞれについて穴の平均径の平均値を測定し、その20枚の平均値を「穴の平均径の平均値」とした。
1枚のノンフライポテトチップスの一定長さ(約4mm)の割断面において観察される、短径20μm以上のそれぞれの穴全ての平均径の標準偏差を、当該穴全ての平均径の平均値で割った値を、1枚のノンフライポテトチップスの穴の平均径の変動係数とした。任意に選択した20枚のノンフライポテトチップスそれぞれについて穴の平均径の変動係数を測定し、その20枚の平均値を「穴の平均径の変動係数」とした。
1枚のノンフライポテトチップスの一定長さ(約4mm)の割断面において観察される、短径20μm以上のそれぞれの穴の長径と短径の比を算出した。全ての穴の長径と短径の比を算出し、平均した値を1枚のノンフライポテトチップスの穴の長径/短径の値とした。任意に選択した20枚のノンフライポテトチップスそれぞれについて穴の長径/短径の値を測定し、その20枚の平均値を「穴の長径/短径の値」とした。
1枚のノンフライポテトチップスの割断面において観察される短径20μm以上のうち、穴の長径/短径の値が2以下である穴の数を数えた。任意に選択した20枚のノンフライポテトチップスそれぞれについて、穴の長径/短径の値が2以下である穴の数を数え、それら20枚の穴の数の平均値を「穴の長径/短径=2以下である穴の数」とした。
官能評価は、5人のパネラーで行った。官能評価基準は、次の通りである。
A:サクサクとして口溶けが良く、油で揚げたポテトチップスに匹敵する食感である。
本発明は上記の内、A又はB、究極的にはAに該当する食感を目指すものであり、A又はBに該当するものが、本発明の効果を有するものである。
<実施例1>
ポテトチップスの適性に優れたジャガイモ(品種名:トヨシロ)を洗浄し、ピーラーで皮むきした後、スライサーで1.0mm~1.1mmの厚さにスライスした。このスライス片を広げて、スライスしたジャガイモの重量に対して2%の重量のパームオレイン油を噴霧し、付着させた。
<実施例2>
実施例1の製造方法において、スライスしたジャガイモの重量に対して2%の重量のパームオレイン油を噴霧する工程を、マイクロ波による加熱の後、過熱蒸気による加熱の前に行ったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にノンフライポテトチップスを製造した。
また、実施例2のノンフライポテトチップスについて官能評価を行ったところ、サクサクとして口溶けが良く、油で揚げたポテトチップスとほとんど変らない食感であり、官能評価結果はAであった。
<実施例3>
実施例1の製造方法において、スライスしたジャガイモの重量に対して2%の重量のパームオレイン油を噴霧する工程を、過熱蒸気による加熱の後、高温高速の気流による加熱の前に行ったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にノンフライポテトチップスを製造した。
また、実施例3のノンフライポテトチップスについて、官能評価を行ったところ、サクサクとして口溶けが良く、油で揚げたポテトチップスとほとんど変らない食感であり、官能評価結果はAであった。
<実施例4>
実施例1の製造方法において、出力500Wの電子レンジでマイクロ波加熱する代わりに、過熱蒸気による加熱を行い、以降実施例1同様に過熱蒸気での加熱、高温高速の気流による加熱を行って、実施例1と同様にノンフライポテトチップスを製造した。
また、実施例4のノンフライポテトチップスについて、官能評価を行ったところ、サクサクとして口溶けが良く、油で揚げたポテトチップスとほとんど変らない食感であり、官能評価結果はAであった。
<実施例5>
実施例1の製造方法において、出力500Wの電子レンジでマイクロ波加熱し、続いて過熱蒸気による加熱を行う工程を、共に高温高速の気流による加熱に換え、しかも高温高速の気流に多量の飽和蒸気を加えて加熱処理を行って、実施例1と同様にノンフライポテトチップスを製造した。
また、実施例5のノンフライポテトチップスについて、官能評価を行ったところ、サクサクとして口溶けが良く、油で揚げたポテトチップスとほとんど変らない食感であり、官能評価結果はAであった。
<比較例1>
市販のノンフライポテトチップス(商品名「ポテかるっ」、サッポロファインフーズ株式会社製)を比較例1とした。比較例1のノンフライポテトチップスの任意の3枚のノンフライポテトチップスについて、その縦断面を走査型電子顕微鏡によって撮影した写真(30倍)を図6に示す。図6から明らかなように、比較例1のノンフライポテトチップスの内部は、空隙率は高いが、大きな穴が形成されて、穴の数は少ないことが特徴である。また、穴の形状、穴の大きさもあまり一律ではない。
また、比較例1のノンフライポテトチップスについて、官能評価を行ったところ、パリパリとした軽い食感で、油で揚げたポテトチップスとは明らかに異なる食感であり、本件発明が目指すものとは異なる食感で、官能評価結果はCであった。
<比較例2>
比較例2として、先行技術文献中特許文献6の特開2005-245389号公報を参考にし、マイクロウェーブで加熱した後、過熱蒸気を用いずに、そのまま高温高速の気流で加熱して膨化させ、続いて通常の熱風乾燥で乾燥させる方法で比較例2のノンフライポテトチップスを作成した。
また、比較例2のノンフライポテトチップスについて、官能評価を行ったところ、ガリガリとした固い食感で、油で揚げたポテトチップスとは明らかに異なる食感であり、官能評価結果はCであった。
<比較例3>
前述の実施例5において、高温高速での気流を噴射する方法だけでも、初期の段階で多量の蒸気を同時に吹き込む操作を加えれば、本発明のノンフライポテトチップスの製造が可能であることが判ったので、比較例として蒸気を吹き込まないものを作成し、比較した。
また、比較例3のノンフライポテトチップスについて、官能評価を行ったところ、ガリガリとした固い食感で、油で揚げたポテトチップスとは明らかに異なる食感であり、官能評価結果はCであった。
<測定結果の考察>
上記実施例1~5及び比較例1~3のノンフライポテトチップスについて、各測定項目の測定結果を表9及び表10に示す。
1.短径20μm以上の穴の数及び空隙率
実施例1~5のノンフライポテトチップスは、縦断面を観察すると、短径20μm以上の穴の数がそれぞれ、13.1個/mm2、15.9個/mm2、13.7個/mm2、13.8個/mm2、12.2個/mm2であり、いずれも10個/mm2以上であった。そして、空隙率は、それぞれ、51%、53%、56%、51%、54%であり、35~65%の範囲内であった。それに対し、比較例1、2、3のノンフライポテトチップスは、縦断面を観察すると、短径20μm以上の穴はそれぞれ、3.5個/mm2、5.9個/mm2、5.5個/mm2であり、10個/mm2を大きく下回った。すなわち、比較例のノンフライポテトチップスは、短径20μm以上の穴の数が10個/mm2以上、かつ、空隙率が35~65%という条件を満たさなかった。特に、比較例2、3は、空隙率が35~65%の範囲に入るものの、短径20μm以上の穴の数が5.9個/mm2、5.5個/mm2であり、10個/mm2を大きく下回った。その結果、実施例全てのノンフライポテトチップスの官能試験評価結果は、サクサクとして口溶けが良く、油で揚げたポテトチップスとほとんど変わらなかった。それに対し、比較例1、2、3のノンフライポテトチップスの官能試験評価結果は、それぞれ、Cであり、油で揚げたポテトチップスとは明らかに異なる食感であった。このことから、サクサクとして口溶けが良く、油で揚げたポテトチップスと変わらない食感を有するノンフライポテトチップスとするためには、縦断面において観察される短径20μm以上の穴の数が10個/mm2以上であり、かつ、空隙率が35~65%とすることが重要であると考えられた。
実施例1~5のノンフライポテトチップスの縦断面において観察される穴の平均径の平均値は、それぞれ214μm、195μm、214μm、205μm、221μmであり、300μm以下であったのに対し、比較例1、2、3のノンフライポテトチップスの穴の平均径の平均値は、それぞれ502μm、331μm、392μmで大きく、300μm以上であった。このことから、各実施例のノンフライポテトチップスは、縦断面において観察される短径20μm以上の穴の平均径の平均値が300μm以下で、比較例に比べると小さいものであることがわかった。
実施例1~5のノンフライポテトチップスの縦断面において観察される短径20μm以上の穴の平均径の変動係数(標準偏差/平均径)は、それぞれ45%、46%、46%、47%、50%であり、いずれも55%以下であり、短径20μm以上の穴の平均径のばらつきが相対的に少なく、均一であった。それに対し、比較例1、2、3のノンフライポテトチップスの縦断面において観察される短径20μm以上の穴の平均径の変動係数はそれぞれ78%、74%、64%であり、55%を大きく上回った。すなわち、比較例のノンフライポテトチップスの短径20μm以上の穴の平均径のばらつきは大きく、均一ではなかった。このことから、各実施例のノンフライポテトチップスは、縦断面において観察される短径20μm以上の穴の平均径の変動係数が55%以下と小さいことから、短径20μm以上の穴の平均径のばらつきが相対的に少なく、均一であることがわかった。
実施例1~5のノンフライポテトチップスの縦断面において観察される短径20μm以上の穴の長径/短径の平均値は2以下であり、穴の形状が歪んでおらず、円形に近かった。さらに、実施例1~5のノンフライポテトチップスの縦断面において観察される短径20μm以上の穴の長径/短径の平均値は2以下である穴の数は、それぞれ、10.5個/mm2、13.5個/mm2、11.5個/mm2、11.7個/mm2、10.5個/mm2であり、5個/mm2を大きく上回った。それに対し、比較例1、2、3のノンフライポテトチップスの縦断面において観察される短径20μm以上の穴の長径/短径の平均値は2以下である穴の数は、それぞれ、2.1個/mm2、4.0個/mm2、4.6個/mm2であり、5個/mm2を下回った。このことから、各実施例のノンフライポテトチップスは、縦断面において観察される短径20μm以上の穴の形状が歪んでおらず、円形に近いものが多く、その穴の数は5個/mm2以上であることがわかった。
Claims (7)
- 縦断面を観察すると、短径20μm以上の穴の数が10個/mm2以上であり、空隙率が35~65%である、ノンフライポテトチップス。
- 前記穴の平均径(長径と短径の平均値)の平均値が300μm以下である、請求項1に記載のノンフライポテトチップス。
- 前記穴の平均径の変動係数(標準偏差/平均径)が55%以下である、請求項1又は2に記載のノンフライポテトチップス。
- 前記穴の長径/短径の平均値が2以下である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のノンフライポテトチップス。
- 前記穴のうち、長径/短径の値が2以下である穴の数が、5個/mm2以上である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のノンフライポテトチップス。
- スライスしたジャガイモを加熱する工程及び乾燥する工程を含む製造方法によって製造された請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のノンフライポテトチップス。
- 油脂含量が25%以下である、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のノンフライポテトチップス。
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JP6498014B2 (ja) * | 2015-04-01 | 2019-04-10 | 日清食品ホールディングス株式会社 | ノンフライ揚げ煎餅およびその製造方法 |
GB2585079B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2023-10-04 | Frito Lay Trading Co Gmbh | Vegetable-and/or fruit-containing snack foods and manufacture thereof |
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HUE039340T2 (hu) | 2018-12-28 |
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PH12014501971A1 (en) | 2014-11-17 |
CN104114041B (zh) | 2016-05-18 |
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HK1197860A1 (zh) | 2015-02-27 |
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