WO2013131213A1 - 磁性优良的无取向电工钢板及其钙处理方法 - Google Patents

磁性优良的无取向电工钢板及其钙处理方法 Download PDF

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WO2013131213A1
WO2013131213A1 PCT/CN2012/000385 CN2012000385W WO2013131213A1 WO 2013131213 A1 WO2013131213 A1 WO 2013131213A1 CN 2012000385 W CN2012000385 W CN 2012000385W WO 2013131213 A1 WO2013131213 A1 WO 2013131213A1
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calcium
oriented electrical
electrical steel
calcium alloy
steel
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PCT/CN2012/000385
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张峰
刘献东
谢世殊
吕学钧
陈晓
马爱华
章培莉
王彦伟
张兰
黑红旭
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宝山钢铁股份有限公司
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Application filed by 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 filed Critical 宝山钢铁股份有限公司
Priority to IN1788MUN2014 priority Critical patent/IN2014MN01788A/en
Priority to US14/379,529 priority patent/US10147528B2/en
Priority to JP2014560208A priority patent/JP5832675B2/ja
Priority to KR1020147023535A priority patent/KR101613502B1/ko
Priority to MX2014010513A priority patent/MX365600B/es
Priority to EP12870769.2A priority patent/EP2824192B9/en
Priority to RU2014132735/02A priority patent/RU2590740C2/ru
Publication of WO2013131213A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013131213A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/14766Fe-Si based alloys
    • H01F1/14775Fe-Si based alloys in the form of sheets
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0006Adding metallic additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/06Deoxidising, e.g. killing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/068Decarburising
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/10Handling in a vacuum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/004Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/14766Fe-Si based alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/16Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/14766Fe-Si based alloys
    • H01F1/14791Fe-Si-Al based alloys, e.g. Sendust

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a non-oriented electrical steel sheet and a method for producing the same, and particularly to a non-oriented electrical steel sheet excellent in magnetic properties and a calcium treatment method therefor. Background technique
  • the method of adding molten steel to calcium to denature oxides and sulfides to improve the quality of steel has been widely accepted by metallurgical workers.
  • this technology is widely used in high-end products such as pipeline steel, gear steel, weathering steel, free cutting steel, stainless steel, electrical steel, etc. to improve the corrosion resistance, microstructure, mechanical properties, manufacturability, Electromagnetic performance, etc.
  • Calcium is insoluble in molten steel and has a low melting point (850 ° C) and a low boiling point (1483 ° C). It is easy to form calcium vapor and exists as a bubble inside the molten steel. Calcium has strong deoxidation and desulfurization ability. It can react with oxygen and sulfur in molten steel to form inclusions such as complex sulfide and calcium aluminate. On the one hand, 'the calcium oxide-rich particles formed during deoxidation are easier to separate from the molten pool.
  • the alumina solid additive in the molten steel can be denatured, which is convenient for reducing the melting point of the inclusions, and promoting polymerization, growth and floating, which is beneficial to improve the purity of the steel.
  • calcium treatment is carried out under atmospheric conditions to avoid excessive calcium loss.
  • the main methods of calcium treatment are:
  • Japanese patent ⁇ Kaiping 8-157932 under atmospheric pressure, after the molten steel is deoxidized, the calcium-containing material is added by the input method.
  • the patent states that the amount of calcium-containing material added depends on the silica content of the slag. Appropriate calcium treatment can improve the steel defects caused by the high number of inclusions in the finished strip;
  • a CaSi wire is added to the molten steel by a feeding method.
  • the yield of calcium can reach up to 6.7%, but at the end of the feeding line, the molten steel is vigorously turbulent and the secondary pollution is large.
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-157935 has been technically improved. Prior to the wire feeding operation, the pre-opened ladle cover is placed on the ladle to avoid sufficient contact between the molten steel and the atmosphere.
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-92819 which uses a spray method in a vacuum state to add a metal calcium, a calcium alloy, and a calcium oxide-alumina alkaline solvent mixture to a molten steel to produce a variety of calcium-based composite inclusions.
  • the above materials need to be compounded to achieve better control effect of inclusions.
  • the actual treatment of molten steel depends on their mixing in the molten steel, the degree of reaction, and the state of the molten steel.
  • This method still has the following disadvantages: It is necessary to add metal calcium, a calcium alloy, and a calcium oxide-alumina alkaline solvent mixture to the molten steel, and this mixture has problems such as high production cost and complicated production process.
  • Japanese Patent Lai-Ping 10-245621 adopts the feeding method under vacuum, and the calcium-containing material is uniformly fed into the molten steel by the circulation of molten steel, thereby ensuring better control effect of inclusions.
  • the shortcoming of this method is that, due to the calcium treatment by the feeding method, the environmental pollution is large, which affects the circulation of the vacuum steel liquid, so that the actual treatment effect of the molten steel is difficult to be ensured, and the circulation method is difficult to control, thus affecting the normal RH refining.
  • the processing cycle at the same time, requires higher requirements for the feeding equipment.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a non-oriented electrical steel sheet excellent in magnetic properties and a calcium treatment method therefor.
  • the method of the invention can solve the problems of high production cost, complicated production process, affecting the normal processing cycle of RH refining, high requirements on equipment conditions, and uncontrollable morphology and quantity of inclusions.
  • the calcium treatment method of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the invention reduces production cost, simple production process, does not affect the normal processing cycle of RH refining, convenient and controllable equipment, and can control the shape and quantity of inclusions.
  • the non-oriented electrical steel prepared by the method of the present invention is excellent in magnetic properties.
  • the present invention provides a calcium treatment method for non-oriented electrical steel, comprising an RH (Ruhrstahl-Heraeus) scouring step, which in turn comprises a decarburization step, an aluminum deoxidation step, a calcium alloy addition step, wherein the calcium addition step In the alloying step, the time for adding the calcium alloy satisfies the following conditions:
  • the Al, Ca time interval refers to the interval between the time of adding aluminum in the aluminum deoxidation step and the time of adding the calcium alloy in the step of adding the calcium alloy
  • the total time after ⁇ 1 refers to The time during which the aluminum is added to the aluminum deoxidation step is until the end of the RH refining.
  • the calcium alloy is added in an amount of 0.5 kg/t steel to 1.2 kg/t steel.
  • the calcium alloy is added in two or more batches.
  • the calcium alloy is added in three or more batches, and the amount of the calcium alloy added per batch does not exceed 40% of the total amount of the calcium alloy added.
  • the calcium alloy is passivated.
  • the chemical composition of the calcium alloy is: Ca: 18-27%, Mg: 2-6%, Si: 20 ⁇ 35%, Al: 1-9%, Zv. 1 -5%, the balance is Fe and the inevitable inclusions.
  • the sulfur content in the molten steel is controlled to be ⁇ 0.003%, preferably by desulfurization by molten iron or molten steel, and the sulfur content in the molten steel is controlled to be ⁇ 0.003%.
  • a silicon deoxygenation step is employed prior to the aluminum deoxygenation step.
  • a non-oriented electrical steel prepared according to the method of the present invention the chemical composition of the non-oriented electrical steel is: C ⁇ 0.005%, Si: 0 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3.4%, ⁇ : 0.2-1.0%. ⁇ 0.2%, S ⁇ 0.003%, Al: 0.2-1.2%, ⁇ ⁇ 0.005%, ⁇ ⁇ 0.005%, the balance is Fe and unavoidable inclusions, and the non-oriented electrical steel further contains Ca ⁇ 0.0005%.
  • the method of the invention solves the problems of high production cost, complicated production process, affecting the normal processing cycle of RH refining, high requirements on equipment conditions, and uncontrollable morphology and quantity of inclusions.
  • the calcium treatment method of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the invention reduces the production cost, the production process is simple, does not affect the normal treatment cycle of the RH refining, the equipment is convenient and controllable, and the morphology and quantity of the inclusions can be controlled.
  • the non-oriented electrical steel prepared by the method of the present invention is excellent in magnetic properties.
  • Fig. 1 is a control effect diagram of a finished steel inclusion in a conventional heat (without adding a calcium alloy) and a calcium treating furnace (adding a calcium alloy) of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows the effect of the amount of calcium alloy added on the steel loss and magnetic induction of the finished steel.
  • Figure 3 is the effect of the sulfur content of the molten steel on the finished steel loss in the conventional heat and the calcium treatment furnace of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the effect of different calcium alloy addition modes on the calcium content of the feed line, the calcium treatment furnace of the present invention and the ordinary heat.
  • Non-oriented electrical steel steelmaking processes include converter blowing, RH refining and continuous casting processes.
  • the RH scouring step of the present invention comprises, in order, a decarburization step, an aluminum deoxidation step, and a calcium alloy addition step.
  • the heat of the present invention is a calcium alloy added in a specific time period of RH scouring, and the finished steel thus prepared has a large inclusion and a small amount, so that the steel has high purity and the finished steel has excellent properties. Electromagnetic performance. Ordinary heat (without adding calcium alloy) The finished steel prepared by the product has small inclusions and large quantities, and the steel purity is not high, and the electromagnetic properties of the finished steel cannot be guaranteed.
  • the Al, Ca time interval refers to the interval between the time of adding aluminum in the aluminum deoxidation step and the time of adding the calcium alloy in the step of adding the calcium alloy
  • the total time after ⁇ 1 refers to The time during which the aluminum is added to the aluminum deoxidation step is until the end of the RH refining.
  • the calcium treatment method of the present invention ensures that the morphology and quantity of the inclusions are controlled by adding a calcium alloy during a specific period of RH scouring, and in the method, the production cost of the calcium alloy is low, the production process is simple, and the calcium alloy is added.
  • the method does not affect the normal processing cycle of RH refining, and the equipment is convenient and controllable.
  • the effective calcium concentration in the molten steel is an important factor in ensuring that the inclusions are sufficiently denatured.
  • the present invention further demands the amount of calcium alloy added.
  • Figure 2. shows the effect of the amount of calcium alloy added on the steel loss and magnetic induction of the finished steel.
  • Iron loss refers to the material's electrical energy consumption at a certain operating frequency of a silicon steel material at a specific magnetic field strength and current intensity.
  • Magnetic induction refers to the magnetic flux density, which is the basic physical quantity describing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. It is usually represented by the symbol B.
  • the strength of the magnetic field is expressed by the magnetic induction intensity (also called the magnetic induction intensity), and the magnetic induction intensity indicates that the magnetic induction is strong; the magnetic induction intensity is small, indicating that the magnetic induction is weak.
  • the unit of magnetic induction is Tesla, referred to as T.
  • T The unit of magnetic induction
  • the amount of calcium alloy added is 0.5 kg / ⁇ 1.2 kg / t steel.
  • the calcium alloy is added in two or more batches.
  • the calcium alloy is added in three or more batches, and the amount of the calcium alloy added per batch does not exceed 40% of the total amount of the calcium alloy added.
  • Passivation treatment refers to the proper increase of the surface oxide layer of the calcium alloy to reduce the reaction rate.
  • the chemical composition of calcium alloys is limited. Different from the past, the test calcium alloy greatly reduces the aluminum content, appropriately increases the silicon content to increase the melting point of the calcium alloy; adjusts the calcium content to control the degree of violent reaction between calcium and molten steel; appropriately adds elements such as Mg and Zr It can increase the solubility of calcium in molten steel and increase its yield.
  • the chemical composition of the calcium alloy in the present invention is: Ca: 18-27%, Mg: 2 ⁇ 6%, Si: 20-35%, Al: 1-9%, Zr: 1-5%, balance For Fe and the inevitable inclusions.
  • the inventors have found through experiments that if aluminum is directly deoxidized, small-sized inclusions are formed. Even after the subsequent addition of the silicon alloy, the viscosity of the molten steel increases, the alumina inclusions are less likely to float and be removed, and at the same time, the calcium treatment has a poorer denaturation effect on the silicon oxide. If deoxidation of silicon is used before deoxidation of aluminum, that is, silicon and aluminum two-step deoxidation method are used in sequence, the silicon oxide inclusions are relatively easy to float and remove, aluminum has strong deoxidation effect, and alumina inclusions formed by subsequent deoxidation can be treated by calcium. Further removal produces calcium aluminate having a lower melting point, while suppressing fine, dispersed, small particle inclusions.
  • a silicon deoxidation step is employed, that is, a two-step deoxidation method of silicon and aluminum is sequentially employed.
  • the inventors have also found through industrialization tests that when the calcium treatment is carried out, the molten steel contains a high sulfur content, which causes a large amount of CaS inclusions to be formed, and it is difficult to sufficiently denature the alumina inclusions, thereby causing the effect of the inclusions in the steel to be affected, Conducive to improve the electromagnetic properties of finished steel. As shown in Fig.
  • the sulfur content in the molten steel is controlled to be ⁇ 0.003%, preferably by desulfurization by molten iron or molten steel, and the sulfur content in the molten steel is controlled to be ⁇ 0.003%.
  • the non-oriented electrical steel prepared by the method of the present invention generally has a chemical composition of: C ⁇ 0.005%, Si: 0.2 3.4%, Mn: 0.2 ⁇ ! .0%, P ⁇ 0.2%, S ⁇ 0.003%, Ah 0 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2%, ⁇ 0.005%, ⁇ 0.005%, balance Fe and unavoidable inclusions, the non-oriented electrical steel further Contains Ca ⁇ 0.0005%.
  • the calcium content of the ordinary heat is ⁇ 0.0005%.
  • the calcium content of the feed line is ⁇ 0.0005%, the calcium treatment is carried out by the feeding method, and the environmental pollution is large, which affects the circulation of the vacuum steel liquid, so that the actual treatment effect of the molten steel is difficult to be ensured, and the circulation type is difficult to control, so Affect the normal processing cycle of RH refining, and at the same time, the requirements for the feeding equipment are high.
  • the heat of the present invention is obtained by adding a calcium alloy at a specific time period of RH scouring, and the obtained steel has a calcium content of > 0.0005%, and in the method, the method of adding the calcium alloy does not affect the normal processing cycle of RH refining, equipment. Convenient and controllable. .
  • C 0.005% or less.
  • C is an element that strongly inhibits the growth of the finished grain, which easily deteriorates the magnetic properties of the finished strip and produces severe magnetic aging. Therefore, it must be controlled below 0.005%.
  • Si 0.2 to 3.4%.
  • Si is an effective element for increasing the electrical resistivity of the finished strip.
  • the Si content is less than 0.2%, the effect of effectively reducing the iron loss is not obtained.
  • the Si content is higher than 3.4%, the magnetic flux density is remarkably lowered, the hardness is increased, and the workability is deteriorated.
  • Mn 0.2% to 1.0%.
  • Mn is the same as Si and A1, which can increase the electrical resistivity of steel and improve the surface state of electrical steel. Therefore, it is necessary to add 0.2% or more.
  • the manufacturing cost is significantly increased, and the magnetic properties of the finished product are lowered.
  • A1 is an effective element to increase the electrical resistivity of the finished strip.
  • the A1 content is less than 0.2%, the effect of reducing the iron loss is not effectively obtained, and the magnetic properties of the finished product are unstable; when the A1 content is higher than 1.2%, the manufacturing cost is remarkably increased, and the magnetic inductance of the finished product is lowered.
  • P 0.2% or less. Adding a certain amount of phosphorus to the steel improves the workability of the steel sheet, but when it exceeds 0.2%, the cold rolling workability of the steel sheet is deteriorated.
  • S 0.003% or less. When it exceeds 0.003%, the precipitation of the S compound such as MnS is greatly increased, and the grain growth and the iron loss are strongly inhibited, which affects the denaturation effect of the calcium treatment inclusion.
  • N 0.005% or less. When it exceeds 0.005%, the precipitation of the N compound such as A1N is greatly increased, and the grain growth and the iron loss are strongly inhibited.
  • the hot metal and scrap steel are matched according to the proportion. After 300 tons of converter smelting, RH refining is carried out by decarburization and deoxidation in sequence, calcium alloy is added for calcium treatment, and then continuous casting and casting is carried out to finally obtain A of 170 ⁇ 250mm thick and 800 ⁇ 1450mm wide. No. continuous casting billet.
  • the relevant process parameters, magnetic performance data and chemical composition of steel are listed in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively.
  • Iron loss and magnetic induction were measured according to JIS-C-2550 standard.
  • the magnetic induction is ⁇ 1.76 T; the iron loss is ⁇ 5.7 W/kg, indicating that the magnetic properties of the finished steel are good. Magnetic induction ⁇ 1.76 T; iron loss > 5.7 W/kg, indicating poor magnetic properties of the finished steel. Table 1
  • the added amount refers to the amount of calcium alloy added in the RH refined calcium alloy addition step.
  • the timing of addition refers to the time during which the calcium alloy is added in the step of adding the calcium alloy in the RH refining, that is, the total time after the Al, Ca time interval / ⁇ 1.
  • the amount of the calcium alloy added is in the range of 0.5 to 1.2 kg/t steel, and the timing of the calcium alloy addition is in the range of 0.2 to 0.8, and the deoxidation mode of Si and Al is used, and the S content is ⁇ 0.003%.
  • the magnetic induction of the finished steel corresponding to Example 1-3 is ⁇ 1.76 T; the iron loss is ⁇ 5.7 W/kg, indicating that the magnetic properties of the finished steel are good, and the Ca content is ⁇ 0.0005%.
  • Comparative Example 1 the amount of calcium alloy added was less than 0.5 kg/t Steel; in Comparative Example 2, the amount of calcium alloy added was greater than 1.2 kg/t Steel; in Comparative Example 3, the timing of calcium alloy addition was greater than 0.8; in Comparative Example 4, calcium The alloy addition timing is less than 0.2; in Comparative Example 5, Al, Si deoxidation mode is adopted; and in the comparative examples 1, 2, 3, and 5, the S content is more than 0.003%, so the magnetic properties of the corresponding finished steel of Comparative Examples 1-5 Sense ⁇ 1.76 T or iron loss > 5.7 W / kg, indicating the poor magnetic properties of the finished steel.
  • the hot metal and scrap steel are matched in proportion, and are smelted in a 300-ton converter. RH refining is followed by decarburization and deoxidation. Calcium alloy is added for calcium treatment, and then continuous casting is performed to obtain a B of 170 to 250 mm thick and 800 to 1450 mm wide. No. continuous casting billet.
  • the chemical composition of steel and related process parameters and magnetic performance data are listed in Table 3 and Table 4, respectively.
  • the magnetic induction is ⁇ 1.69 T; the iron loss is ⁇ 3.8 W/kg, indicating that the magnetic properties of the finished steel are good. Magnetic induction ⁇ 1.69 T; iron loss > 3.8 W/kg, indicating poor magnetic properties of the finished steel. table 3
  • the added amount refers to the amount of calcium alloy added in the RH refined calcium alloy addition step.
  • the timing of addition refers to the time during which the calcium alloy is added in the step of adding the calcium alloy in the RH refining, that is, the total time after the Al, Ca time interval / ⁇ 1.
  • the amount of calcium alloy added is in the range of 0.5 to 1.2 kg/t steel, and the timing of calcium alloy addition is in the range of 0.2 to 0.8, both of which are deoxidized by Si and Al, and the content of S is ⁇ 0.003%.
  • the magnetic induction of the finished steel corresponding to 1-3 is ⁇ 1.69 T; the iron loss is ⁇ 3.8 W/kg, indicating that the magnetic properties of the finished steel are good, and the Ca content is ⁇ 0.0005%.
  • Comparative Example 6 the S content was greater than 0.003%; in Comparative Example 7, the amount of calcium alloy added was less than 0.5 kg/t Steel, and the timing of calcium alloy addition was less than 0.2, using Al, Si deoxidation, so the corresponding ratio of Comparative Examples 6-7
  • the magnetic induction of the finished steel is ⁇ 1.69 T or iron loss > 3.8 W/kg, indicating that the magnetic properties of the finished steel are poor.
  • Table 1-4 shows that by controlling the timing of calcium alloy addition in the range of 0.2-0.8, the amount of calcium alloy added is in the range of 0.5-1.2 kg/t steel, using Si, Al deoxidation method, limiting S content ⁇ 0.003%, It can stably improve the control effect of inclusions, and the finished steel produced has good magnetic properties and effectively increases the Ca content in the steel. '
  • the method of the invention has the characteristics of reduced production cost, simple production process, no normal processing cycle of RH refining, convenient and controllable equipment, and can control the shape and quantity of inclusions, and the non-oriented electrical steel prepared by the method of the invention Excellent magnetic properties, can be used for mass production of non-oriented electrical steel with excellent magnetic properties.

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Abstract

一种磁性优良的无取向电工钢板及其钙处理方法,包括RH(Ruhrstah1-Heraeus)精炼步骤,该RH精炼步骤依次包括脱碳步骤、铝脱氧步骤、添加钙合金步骤,其特征在于,在该添加钙合金步骤中,添加钙合金的时间满足下述条件:Al、Ca时间间隔/ΣΑ1后总时间=0.2〜0.8。该方法具有生产成本降低、生产工艺简单、不影响RH精炼正常处理周期、设备方便可控,并且能使夹杂物形态、数量受控的特点,通过本发明的方法制备的无取向电工钢磁性优良,可用于磁性优良的无取向电工钢的大规模生产。

Description

磁性优良的无取向电工钢板及其钙处理方法 技术领域
本发明涉及无取向电工钢板及其制造方法, 尤其涉及磁性优良的无取向电工钢板及其钙 处理方法。 背景技术
钢液加钙处理使氧化物、 硫化物夹杂变性以改善钢材质量的方法, 已经普遍被冶金工作 者们所接受。 目前, 这项技术在管线钢、 齿轮钢、 耐候钢、 易切削钢, 以及不锈钢、 电工钢 等高端产品上被广泛应用, 以改善钢材的耐腐蚀性、 微观组织、 机械性能、 可制造性、 电磁 性能等。
钙不溶于钢液, 且熔点低 (850°C ) 、 沸点低 (1483 °C ) , 容易形成钙蒸汽, 在钢液内部 以气泡形式存在。 钙具有强脱氧、 脱硫能力, 可以和钢液中氧、 硫作用, 形成复合硫化物、 钙铝酸盐等夹杂物, 一方面,' 这些脱氧时形成的富氧化钙质点比较容易从熔池分离; 另一方 面, 若搅拌熔池, 则可以将钢液中氧化铝固态加杂物变性, 便于降低夹杂物熔点, 并促进其 聚合、 长大、 上浮, 有利于改善钢质纯净度。
通常, 钙处理在大气状态下进行, 以避免钙过分流失。 这类钙处理方法主要有: 喂线法
(CaFe、 CaSi) 、 喷吹法 (CaSi、 CaO ) 、 投射法 (CaFe、 CaSi) 。 目前, 这类技术基本比 较成熟、 操作简便, 且在工业化生产中占据了比较重要位置, 但存在增加冶炼处理周期、 处 理过程温降大、 钢液翻腾造成吸氧、 吸氮、 卷渣等二次污染问题, 对稳定改善钢质纯净度、 提高生产效率是不利的。
这类技术中, 比较有代表性的钙处理方法, 主要有:
日本专利^^开平 8-157932, 大气压状态下, 钢液经过脱氧之后, 采用投入法, 添加含钙 材料。 该专利指出, 含钙材料的添加数量, 取决于渣中氧化硅含量。 合适的钙处理效果, 可 以改善成品带钢因夹杂物数量较高造成的钢质缺陷;
日本专利特开 2009-57612, 大气压状态下, 采用喂线方式, 向钢液添加 CaSi 线。 该方 法, 在 lOOm/min 喂线速度下, 钙的收得率最高可以达到 6.7%, 但喂线末期, 钢液翻腾剧 烈, 二次污染较大。
为防止喂线钙处理造成钢液增氮、 增氧, 日本专利特开平 8-157935, 对此进行了技术改 进。 在喂线操作之前, 将预先开孔的钢包盖置于钢包之上, 避免钢液与大气充分接触。
为了进一步提高生产效率, 减少炼钢生产过程波动, 也有科技工作者尝试, 在 RH
确认本 (Ruhrstahl-Heraeus) 精炼过程中, 对钢液进行钙处理。 主要有:
日本专利特开平 11-92819, 在真空状态下采用喷吹法, 向钢液中添加金属钙、 钙合金以 及氧化钙 -氧化铝碱性溶剂混合物, 以生成种类较多的钙系复合夹杂物, 同时有利于降低经过 真空处理后, 钢液中的氮含量。 需要指出的是, 需要上述材料复合添加, 才能达到较好的夹 杂物控制效果。 并且钢液实际处理效果取决于它们在钢液中的混合、 反应程度, 以及钢液所 处状态。 该方法仍然存在以下缺点: 需要向钢液中添加金属钙、 钙合金以及氧化钙-氧化铝碱 性溶剂混合物, 这种混合物存在生产成本较高, 生产工艺复杂等问题。
日本专利特幵平 10-245621,在真空状态下采用喂线法, 依靠钢液环流均匀的将含钙材料 喂入钢液, 从而确保了较好的夹杂物控制效果。 该方法的不足之处在于, 由于采用喂线方法 进行钙处理, 环境污染大, 对真空钢液环流造成影响, 从而钢液实际处理效果难以得到保证, 环流方式难以受控, 因此影响 RH精炼正常处理周期, 同时对喂线设备条件要求较高。
也有文章研究了, 在实验室真空状态下, 通过向钢液中添加钙铁合金方式, 研究钢液中 的夹杂物变化情况。 指出, 采用这种钙处理方法后, 钢中全氧含量有所降低, 但夹杂物数量 有所增多, 平均尺寸有所减小。 因此, 只能用于 DI 材等特殊钢种。
因此, 现在仍然需要一种成本较低、 生产工艺简单、 不影响 RH精炼正常处理周期、 设 备方便可控, 并且能使夹杂物形态、 数量受控的无取向电工钢板的钙处理方法。 发明的公开
本发明的目的在于提供一种磁性优良的无取向电工钢板及其钙处理方法。 本发明的方法 可以解决生产成本较高、 生产工艺复杂、 影响 RH精炼正常处理周期、 对设备条件要求高以 及夹杂物形态、 数量不能受控的问题。 本发明的无取向电工钢板的钙处理方法使生产成本降 低、 生产工艺简单、 不影响 RH精炼正常处理周期、 设备方便可控, 并且能使夹杂物形态、 数量受控。 通过本发明的方法制备的无取向电工钢磁性优良。
本发明提供了一种无取向电工钢的钙处理方法,包括 RH (Ruhrstahl-Heraeus)精练步骤, 该 RH精练步骤依次包括脱碳步骤、 铝脱氧步骤、 添加钙合金步骤, 其中, 在该添加钙合金 步骤中, 添加钙合金的时间满足下述条件:
Al、 Ca时间间隔 /ΣΑ1 后总时间 =0.2~0.8,
其中 Al、Ca时间间隔指的是在所述铝脱氧步骤中添加铝的时间与在所述添加钙合金步骤 中添加钙合金的时间之间的间隔时间, ΣΑ1 后总时间指的是在所述铝脱氧步骤中添加铝的时 间直至该 RH精炼结束的间隔时间。
在本发明的方法中, 所述钙合金的添加量为 0.5 kg/t钢〜 1.2 kg/t钢。 在本发明的方法中, 所述钙合金分两批以上添加。 优选所述钙合金分三批以上添加, 且 所述钙合金每批添加数量不超过钙合金添加总量的 40 %。
在本发明的方法中, 所述钙合金经过钝化处理。
在本发明的方法中, 所述钙合金的化学成分按重量百分比为: Ca: 18-27%, Mg: 2-6%, Si: 20〜35%、 Al: 1-9%, Zv. 1-5%, 余量为 Fe及不可避免的夹杂。
在本发明的方法中, 在添加钙合金之前, 控制钢液中的硫含量≤0.003%, 优选通过铁水或 钢水脱硫, 控制钢液中的硫含量≤0.003%。
在本发明的方法中, 在铝脱氧步骤之前, 采用硅脱氧步骤。
按照本发明的方法制备的一种无取向电工钢, 该无取向电工钢的化学成分按重量百分比 为: C≤0.005%、 Si: 0·2~3.4%、 Μη: 0.2-1.0%. Ρ≤0.2%、 S≤0.003%、 Al: 0.2-1.2%, Ν≤0.005%、 Ο<0.005%, 余量为 Fe及不可避免的夹杂, 该无取向电工钢进一步含有 Ca≥0.0005%。
本发明的方法解决了生产成本较高、 生产工艺复杂、 影响 RH精炼正常处理周期、 对设 备条件要求高以及夹杂物形态、 数量不能受控的问题。 本发明的无取向电工钢板的钙处理方 法使生产成本降低、 生产工艺简单、 不影响 RH精炼正常处理周期、 设备方便可控, 并且能 使夹杂物形态、 数量受控。 通过本发明的方法制备的无取向电工钢磁性优良。
附图说明
图 1是普通炉次 (没有添加钙合金) 和本发明的钙处理炉次 (添加钙合金) 中成品钢夹 杂物控制效果图。
图 2是钙合金添加数量对成品钢铁损、 磁感的影响。
图 3是普通炉次和本发明的钙处理炉次中钢液的硫含量对成品钢铁损的影响。
图 4是喂线炉次、 本发明的钙处理炉次和普通炉次的不同钙合金添加方式对钙含量的影 响。
实现本发明的最佳方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的方法进行具体说明, 但本发明并不限于此。
无取向电工钢的炼钢工艺中包括转炉吹炼、 RH精炼和连铸工艺。
本发明的 RH精练步骤依次包括脱碳步骤、 铝脱氧步骤、 添加钙合金步骤。 如图 1所示, 本发明的炉次是在 RH精练的特定的时间段添加钙合金, 由此制备的成品钢中夹杂物大、 数 量少, 从而钢质纯净度高, 成品钢具有优良的电磁性能。 普通炉次 (没有添加钙合金) 制备 的成品钢中夹杂物细小、 数量多, 钢质纯净度不高, 成品钢的电磁性能不能得到保证。
在本发明中, RH精练步骤依次包括脱碳步骤、 铝脱氧步骤、 添加钙合金步骤, 其中, 在 该添加钙合金步骤中, 添加钙合金的时间满足下述条件: Al、 Ca时间间隔/ ΣΑΙ'.后总时间 =0.2~0.8,
其中 Al、Ca时间间隔指的是在所述铝脱氧步骤中添加铝的时间与在所述添加钙合金步骤 中添加钙合金的时间之间的间隔时间, ΣΑ1 后总时间指的是在所述铝脱氧步骤中添加铝的时 间直至该 RH精炼结束的间隔时间。
本发明的钙处理方法是通过在 RH精练的特定的时间段添加钙合金,确保了夹杂物形态、 数量受控, 并且在该方法中, 钙合金的生产成本低、 生产工艺简单, 添加钙合金的方式也不 影响 RH精炼正常处理周期、 设备方便可控。
另一方面, 钢液中的有效钙浓度, 是确保夹杂物能否充分变性的重要因素。 为确保更好 的钙处理效果, 本发明进一步对钙合金添加数量提出了要求。 图 2.显示了钙合金添加数量对 成品钢铁损、 磁感的影响。 铁损指的是硅钢材料在特定的磁场强度、 电流强度下, 一定工作 频率时的材料电能消耗。 磁感是指磁感应强度 (magnetic flux density) , 是描述磁场强弱和 方向的基本物理量, 常用符号 B表示。 在物理学中磁场的强弱使用磁感强度 (也叫磁感应强 度) 来表示, 磁感强度大表示磁感强; 磁感强度小, 表示磁感弱。 磁感应强度的单位是特斯 拉, 简称特 T。 如图 2所示, 当钙合金的添加量为 0.5 kg/t钢〜 1.2 kg/t钢时, 成品钢的铁损较 低, 磁感较高, 从而成品钢具有优良的电磁性能。 因此为了保证成品钢的电磁性能, 钙合金 的添加量为 0.5 kg/ ~1.2 kg/t钢。 钙合金分两批以上添加。 优选钙合金分三批以上添加, 且 钙合金每批添加数量不超过钙合金添加总量的 40 %。
为了增加钙在钢液中的停留时间, 便于钙与钢液充分反应, 以达到良好的夹杂物改善效 果, 钙合金采用钝化处理。 钝化处理指的是适当增加钙合金表面氧化层, 降低其反应速度。
此外, 对钙合金化学成分进行了限制。 与以往不同的是, 试验用钙合金大幅降低了铝含 量, 适当增加了硅含量, 以增加钙合金熔点; 调整了钙含量, 以控制钙与钢液激烈反应程度; 适当添加 Mg、 Zr等元素, 可以增加钙在钢液中的溶解度, 提高其收得率。 本发明中的钙合 金化学成分按重量百分比为: Ca: 18-27%, Mg: 2~6%、 Si: 20-35%, Al: 1-9%, Zr: 1-5%, 余量为 Fe及不可避免的夹杂。
发明人经过试验发现, 如果直接采用铝脱氧, 会生成尺寸细小的夹杂物。 即使在随后添 加硅合金之后, 钢液黏度也增大, 氧化铝夹杂不易上浮、 去除, 同时, 钙处理对氧化硅的变 性效果较差。 如果在铝脱氧之前, 采用硅脱氧, 即依次采用硅、 铝两步脱氧法, 氧化硅夹杂 物比较容易上浮、 去除, 铝具有强脱氧效果, 后续脱氧生成的氧化铝夹杂物, 能够被钙处理 进一步去除, 生成熔点较低的铝酸钙, 同时, 抑制微细、 弥散分布的小颗粒夹杂物。 因此为 了使夹杂物形态、 数量更好地受控, 根据本发明, 在铝脱氧步骤之前, 采用硅脱氧步骤, 即 依次采用硅、 铝两步脱氧法。 本发明人经过工业化试验还发现, 进行钙处理时, 钢液中含有较高的硫含量, 会导致大 量生成 CaS夹杂, 难以使氧化铝夹杂充分变性, 导致钢中夹杂物改善效果受到影响, 不利于 提高成品钢电磁性能。 如图 3所示, 当钢液中硫含量>30 !^, 即钢液中硫含量 >0.003%时, 无论是在本发明炉次中, 还是在普通炉次中, 铁损都快速增加, 不利于提高成品电磁性能。 因此为了保证成品钢的电磁性能, 在添加钙合金之前, 控制钢液中的硫含量≤0.003%, 优选通 过铁水或钢水脱硫, 控制钢液中的硫含量≤0.003%。
通过本发明的方法制备的无取向电工钢, 该无取向电工钢通常的化学成分按重量百分比 为: C≤0.005%、 Si: 0.2~3.4%、 Mn: 0.2〜!.0%、 P≤0.2%、 S<0.003%, Ah 0·2~1 ·2%、 Ν<0.005%, Ο<0.005%, 余量为 Fe及不可避免的夹杂, 该无取向电工钢进一步含有 Ca≥0.0005%。
如图 4所示, 普通炉次的钙含量 <0.0005%。 虽然喂线炉次的钙含量≥0.0005%, 但是采用 喂线方法进行钙处理, 环境污染大, 对真空钢液环流造成影响, 从而钢液实际处理效果难以 得到保证, 环流 式难以受控, 因此影响 RH精炼正常处理周期, 同时对喂线设备条件要求 较高。 本发明炉次通过在 RH 精练的特定的时间段添加钙合金, 得到的成品钢中的钙含量 >0.0005%, 并且在该方法中, 添加钙合金的方式也不影响 RH精炼正常处理周期、 设备方便 可控。 .
以下是本发明 取向电工钢化学成分的作用及其限定说明:
C: 0.005%以下。 C 是强烈抑制成品晶粒成长的元素, 容易恶化成品带钢的磁性, 并产 生严重的磁时效。 因此, 必须控制在 0.005%以下。
Si: 0.2~3.4%。 Si是增加成品带钢电阻率的有效元素。 Si含量低于 0.2%时, 起不到有效 降低铁损的作用; Si含量高于 3.4%时,磁通密度会显著降低, 硬度增加, 而且加工性会变差。
Mn: 0.2%〜1.0%。 Mn与 Si、 A1元素相同, 可以增加钢的电阻率, 同时改善电工钢表面 状态, 因此有必要添加 0.2%以上的含量。 同时, Mn含量高于 1.0%时, 将使制造成本显著增 力口, 成品磁感降低。 ·
Al: 0.2%~1.2%。 A1是增加成品带钢电阻率的有效元素。 A1含量低于 0.2%时, 起不到有 效降低铁损的作用, 且成品磁性能不稳定; A1含量高于 1.2%时, 将使制造成本显著增加, 成 品磁感降低。
P: 0.2%以下。 在钢中添加一定的磷可以改善钢板的加工性, 但超过 0.2%时反而使钢板 冷轧加工性劣化。
S: 0.003%以下。超过 0.003%时,将使 MnS等 S化物析出大大增加, 强烈阻碍晶粒长大、 铁损劣化, 影响钙处理夹杂物变性效果。 N: 0.005%以下。超过 0.005%时,将使 A1N等 N化物析出大大增加,强烈阻碍晶粒长大、 铁损劣化。
0: 0.005%以下。 超过 0.005%时, 将使氧化物夹杂大大增加, 强烈阻碍晶粒长大、 铁损 劣化。 实施例
下面的实施例仅列举说明发明的实施, 并不能理解为对本发明构成任何限制。
铁水、 废钢按照比例进行搭配, 经 300吨转炉冶炼, RH精炼依次进行脱碳、 脱氧, 添加 钙合金方式进行钙处理, 之后进行连铸浇铸, 最终得到 170~250mm厚、 800~1450mm宽的 A 号连铸坯。 钢的相关工艺参数、 磁性能数据及化学成分, 分别列于表 1、 表 2。
铁损越低, 磁感越高, 表明成品钢的磁性能越好。
根据 JIS-C-2550标准测定铁损和磁感。
对于 A号连铸坯, 磁感≥1.76 T; 铁损≤5.7 W/kg, 表示成品钢的磁性能好。 磁感 < 1.76 T; 铁损〉 5.7 W/kg, 表示成品钢的磁性能差。 表 1
序号 添加数量 添加时机 脱氧方式 磁感 (T) 铁损 (W/kg) 实施例 1 0.53 0.24 Si、 A1 1.764 5.43
实施例 2 1.02 0.55 Si、 Al 1.768 5.65
实施例 3 1.13 0.73 Si、 Al 1.762 5.50
对比例 1 0.47 0.36 Si s Al 1.752 5.87
对比例 2 1.67 0.62 Si、 Ai 1.754 5.79
对比例 3 1.02 0.91 Si、 Al 1.746 5.96
对比例 4 0.54 0.16 Si、 Al 1.756 5.68
对比例 5 0.83 0.69 Al、 Si 1.757 5.72
表 2
Figure imgf000009_0001
添加数量指的是在 RH精炼的添加钙合金步骤中添加钙合金的数量。
添加时机指的是在 RH精炼的添加钙合金步骤中添加钙合金的时间, 即 Al、 Ca时间 间隔 /ΣΑ1 后总时间。
实施例 1-3中,钙合金添加数量在 0.5~1.2 kg/t钢的范围内,钙合金添加时机在 0.2~0.8 的范围内,均采用 Si、Al 脱氧方式, S 含量≤0.003%,实施例 1-3对应的成品钢的磁感≥1.76 T; 铁损≤5.7 W/kg, 表示成品钢的磁性能好, 且 Ca含量≥0.0005%。
对比例 1中, 钙合金添加数量小于 0.5 kg/t Steel; 对比例 2中, 钙合金添加数量大于 1.2 kg/t Steel; 对比例 3中, 钙合金添加时机大于 0.8; 对比例 4中, 钙合金添加时机小于 0.2;对比例 5中,采用 Al、 Si 脱氧方式;并且对比例 1、 2、 3、 5中, S 含量都大于 0.003%, 因此对比例 1-5的对应的成品钢的磁感< 1.76 T或铁损 >5.7 W/kg, 表示成品钢的磁性能 差。
铁水、 废钢按照比例进行搭配, 经 300吨转炉冶炼, RH精炼依次进行脱碳、 脱氧, 添加钙合金方式进行钙处理, 之后进行连铸浇铸, 最终得到 170~250mm厚、 800〜1450mm 宽的 B号连铸坯。 钢的化学成分及相关工艺参数、 磁性能数据, 分别列于表 3、 表 4。
对于 B号连铸坯, 磁感≥1.69 T; 铁损≤3.8 W/kg, 表示成品钢的磁性能好。 磁感 < 1.69 T; 铁损〉 3.8 W/kg, 表示成品钢的磁性能差。 表 3
Figure imgf000010_0001
表 4
Figure imgf000010_0002
添加数量指的是在 RH精炼的添加钙合金步骤中添加钙合金的数量。
添加时机指的是在 RH精炼的添加钙合金步骤中添加钙合金的时间, 即 Al、 Ca时间 间隔 /ΣΑ1 后总时间。
实施例 4-6中,钙合金添加数量在 0.5〜1.2 kg/t钢的范围 ,钙合金添加时机在 0.2~0.8 的范围内,均采用 Si、Al 脱氧方式, S 含量≤0.003%,实施例 1-3对应的成品钢的磁感≥1.69 T; 铁损≤3.8 W/kg, 表示成品钢的磁性能好, 且 Ca含量≥0.0005%。
对比例 6中, S 含量大于 0.003%; 对比例 7中, 钙合金添加数量小于 0.5 kg/t Steel, 钙合金添加时机小于 0.2, 采用 Al、 Si 脱氧方式, 因此对比例 6-7的对应的成品钢的磁感 < 1.69 T或铁损〉3.8 W/kg, 表示成品钢的磁性能差。
表 1-4显示,通过控制钙合金添加时机在 0.2~0.8的范围内、 钙合金添加数量在 0.5~1.2 kg/t钢的范围内, 使用 Si、 Al 脱氧方式, 限制 S 含量≤0.003%, 可以稳定改善夹杂物控 制效果, 生产的成品钢磁性能好, 且有效提高钢中 Ca含量。 '
产业应用性
本发明的方法具有生产成本降低、 生产工艺简单、 不影响 RH精炼正常处理周期、 设 备方便可控, 并且能使夹杂物形态、 数量受控的特点, 通过本发明的方法制备的无取向电 工钢磁性优良, 可用于磁性优良的的无取向电工钢的大规模生产。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种无取向电工钢的钙处理方法, 包括 RH精练步骤, 该 RH精练步骤依次包括脱 碳步骤、 铝脱氧步骤、 添加钙合金步骤, 其特征在于, 在该添加钙合金步骤中, 添加钙合 金的时间满足下述条件:
Al、 Ca时间间隔/ ΣΑ1 后总时间 =0.2~0.8,
其中 Al、 Ca时间间隔指的是在所述铝脱氧步骤中添加铝的时间与在所述添加钙合金 步骤中添加钙合金的时间之间的间隔时间, ΣΑ1后总时间指的是在所述铝脱氧步骤中添加 铝的时间直至该 RH精炼结束的间隔时间。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的无取向电工钢的钙处理方法, 其特征在于, 所述钙合金的添加 量为 0.5 kg/ ~1.2 kg/t钢。
3. 如权利要求 2所述的无取向电工钢的钙处理方法, 其特征在于, 所述钙合金分两批 以上添加。
4. 如权利要求 2所述的无取向电工钢的钙处理方法, 其特征在于, 所述钙合金分三批 以上添加, 所述钙合金每批添加数量不超过钙合金添加总量的 40 %。
5. 如权利要求 1所述的无取向电工钢的钙处理方法, 其特征在于, 所述钙合金经过钝 化处理。
6. 如权利要求 1所述的无取向电工钢的钙处理方法, 其特征在于, 所述钙合金的化学 成分按重量百分比为: Ca: 18-27%, Mg: 2-6%, Si: 20-35%, A 1~9%、 Zr: 1-5%, 余量为 Fe及不可避免的夹杂。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的无取向电工钢的钙处理方法,其特征在于,在铝脱氧步骤之前, 采用硅脱氧步骤。
8. 如权利要求 1所述的无取向电工钢的钙处理方法,其特征在于,在添加钙合金之前, 控制钢液中的硫含量≤0.003%。
9. 如权利要求 8所述的无取向电工钢的钙处理方法, 其特征在于, 通过铁水或钢水脱 硫, 控制钢液中的硫含量≤0.003%。
10. 一种无取向电工钢, 按照如权利要求 1-9 中任一项所述的无取向电工钢的钙处理 方法制备, 其特征在于, 该无取向电工钢的化学成分按重量百分比为: C≤0.005%、 Si:
0.2~3.4ο/ο、 Mn: Ο·2〜1 ·0Ο/Ο、 Ρ≤0.2ο/ο、 S≤0.003%、 Al: 0.2~1.2%、 N<0.005% O<0.005%, 余量为 Fe及不可避免的夹杂。
1 1. 如权利要求 10所述的无取向电工钢, 其特征在于, 进一步含有 Ca≥0.0005%。
PCT/CN2012/000385 2012-03-08 2012-03-27 磁性优良的无取向电工钢板及其钙处理方法 WO2013131213A1 (zh)

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