WO2013115226A1 - Système de pile à combustible et procédé de commande de système de pile à combustible - Google Patents

Système de pile à combustible et procédé de commande de système de pile à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013115226A1
WO2013115226A1 PCT/JP2013/052001 JP2013052001W WO2013115226A1 WO 2013115226 A1 WO2013115226 A1 WO 2013115226A1 JP 2013052001 W JP2013052001 W JP 2013052001W WO 2013115226 A1 WO2013115226 A1 WO 2013115226A1
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Prior art keywords
fuel cell
temperature
stack
output
control
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PCT/JP2013/052001
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
博通 三輪
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日産自動車株式会社
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Publication of WO2013115226A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013115226A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04708—Temperature of fuel cell reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
    • B60L50/72—Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/31—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for starting of fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/34—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04335—Temperature; Ambient temperature of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
    • H01M8/04455—Concentration; Density of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04791—Concentration; Density
    • H01M8/04798—Concentration; Density of fuel cell reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel cell system and a control method of a fuel cell system, and more particularly to a technology for instantly starting a fuel cell stack to reach a target output required for the system.
  • a combustion burner is installed on the cathode upstream side of the stack, the combustion burner is burned when the stack is started, and the generated combustion gas is supplied to the cathode to raise the temperature of the stack. Then, after the stack reaches the power generation temperature, the stack starts power generation, and when the stack temperature reaches a predetermined value and the generated current or the generated power reaches a predetermined value, the combustion burner is stopped and the rated operation is performed. It is set as a state (for example, refer patent document 1).
  • the conventional fuel cell system disclosed in Patent Document 1 aims to control the timing at which the combustion burner is stopped. Specifically, heating by the combustion burner is stopped before the stack reaches a rated operation state (a state in which a constant output can be obtained), and thereafter, the operation is gradually shifted to the rated operation. Therefore, stopping the combustion burner may delay the temperature rising rate of the stack, and there has been a problem that it is difficult to apply it to an on-vehicle fuel cell that is required to rapidly reach the target output. .
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel cell system and a control method of the fuel cell system capable of achieving the target output immediately upon start of the fuel cell. I assume.
  • a fuel cell is provided with a reformed gas supplied to an anode and an oxidant supplied to a cathode to generate electricity, and provided on the upstream side of the cathode
  • An oxidizing agent supply unit for supplying an oxidizing agent to the cathode, and an oxidizing agent heating unit provided between the oxidizing agent supply unit and the cathode and heating the oxidizing agent output from the oxidizing agent supply unit;
  • the oxidant heated by the oxidant heating unit is supplied to the cathode to perform control to raise the temperature of the fuel cell, and after the fuel cell reaches the power generation possible temperature, (A)
  • the oxygen excess rate of the oxidant output from the oxidant heating unit is lower than the oxygen excess rate at the target output of the fuel cell until the fuel cell reaches a predetermined target output or target temperature Set
  • a control unit for performing at least one control of the heating control
  • an oxidant supply unit provided on the upstream side of a cathode of a fuel cell and supplying an oxidant to the cathode, the oxidant supply unit, and the cathode
  • a fuel cell system including an oxidant heating unit for heating an oxidant output from the oxidant supply unit, the fuel cell system being heated by the oxidant heating unit when the fuel cell is started.
  • Control to ⁇ comprises the step of performing at least one control of the heating control, among by the oxidizing agent heating unit (c).
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a fuel cell system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure at the time of stack activation of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of stack heating control of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of stack temperature increase control of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of burner and excess oxygen ratio control [1] of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a fuel cell system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure at the time of stack activation of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing a processing procedure of burner and excess oxygen ratio control [2] of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of excess oxygen ratio control [1] of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of excess oxygen ratio control [2] of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure at the time of stack activation of the fuel cell system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the processing procedure of the second stage stack temperature increase control [1] of the fuel cell system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a flow chart showing a processing procedure of burner and oxygen excess ratio control [3] of the fuel cell system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing the processing procedure of the second stage stack temperature increase control [2] of the fuel cell system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of excess oxygen ratio control [3] of the fuel cell system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the target output and the energy input at startup of the fuel cell system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the current density, the cell voltage and the power density of the fuel cell system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the difference value between the target output and the current output of the fuel cell system according to the embodiment of the present invention and the output temperature of the combustion burner.
  • FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a configuration in which the fuel cell system according to the third embodiment of the present invention is connected to an external load.
  • FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing the processing operation of the fuel cell system according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a configuration in which the fuel cell system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is connected to an external load.
  • FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing the processing operation of the fuel cell system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a map showing the relationship between the SOC used in the fuel cell system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention and the required output of the external load.
  • FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing a configuration in which the fuel cell system according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention is connected to an external load.
  • FIG. 24 is a flowchart showing the processing operation of the fuel cell system according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 25 is a characteristic diagram showing time-series data of a target temperature and a target output used in a fuel cell system according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 26 is a map showing the relationship between the SOC and the output used in the fuel cell system according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a fuel cell system 100 according to the present embodiment.
  • the fuel cell system 100 includes a fuel cell stack 11 (hereinafter, abbreviated as stack 11), an air blower (oxidizer supply unit) 12, a heat exchanger 13, a first fuel pump 14, and a heat exchange type.
  • a pre-reformer 15 and an evaporator 25 are provided.
  • the stack 11 includes a cathode 11a and an anode 11b.
  • the air blower 12 supplies air (oxidant) to the cathode 11a.
  • the heat exchanger 13 heats the air delivered from the air blower 12.
  • the first fuel pump 14 supplies fuel such as hydrocarbon fuel to the anode 11 b of the stack 11.
  • the evaporator 25 vaporizes the fuel delivered from the first fuel pump 14.
  • the heat exchange type pre-reforming apparatus 15 reforms the fuel vaporized by the evaporator 25 and supplies the reformed fuel to the anode 11 b.
  • the heat exchange type pre-reformer 15 includes a pre-reformer 16 and a combustor 17 that heats the pre-reformer 16.
  • a part of air sent from the air blower 12 and an anode off gas (a gas discharged from the anode 11 b) are supplied to the combustor 17 and burned to heat the pre-reformer 16.
  • the output side of the combustor 17 is connected to the high temperature side of the heat exchanger 13.
  • the exhaust gas output from the combustor 17 is used as a heating gas for the heat exchanger 13.
  • a portion of the air delivered from the air blower 12, the fuel delivered from the first fuel pump 14 and the fuel vaporized in the evaporator 25, and a portion of the anode off gas are supplied to the pre-reformer 16 and the combustor
  • the heat generated at 17 reforms the fuel, and the reformed fuel is supplied to the anode 11 b of the stack 11.
  • the output side of the air blower 12 is connected to the low temperature side of the heat exchanger 13.
  • the outlet on the high temperature side of the heat exchanger 13 is connected to a combustion burner (oxidant heater) 21 for heating the cathode 11 a when the stack 11 is started.
  • the combustion burners 21 are connected to the second fuel pump 22, and fuel is supplied from the second fuel pump 22. Therefore, the air heated by the heat exchanger 13 and the fuel delivered from the second fuel pump 22 are supplied to the combustion burner 21 and burnt. Then, the combustion gas is supplied to the cathode 11 a of the stack 11.
  • An anode off gas circulator 23 is provided on the output side of the anode 11 b.
  • the anode off gas circulator 23 branches the anode off gas output from the anode 11 b into two systems. Specifically, the anode off gas circulator 23 supplies the anode off gas branched to one to the pre-reformer 16 and supplies the anode off gas branched to the other to the combustor 17.
  • Flow control devices 19 and 20 are provided between the air blower 12 and the heat exchange type pre-reforming apparatus 15.
  • the flow control devices 19 and 20 adjust the flow rates of the air supplied to the pre-reformer 16 and the air flow supplied to the combustor 17 so as to be desired flow rates.
  • the stack 11 is provided with an inlet temperature sensor 41a that measures the temperature near the inlet, an outlet temperature sensor 41b that measures the temperature near the outlet, and a current / voltage sensor 42 that detects the output current and voltage of the stack 11. ing.
  • the fuel cell system 100 includes a control unit (control unit) 31 that collectively controls the entire system.
  • the control unit 31 measures and calculates the stack temperature (for example, the average value of the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature) measured by the inlet temperature sensor 41a and the outlet temperature sensor 41b provided in the stack 11, and the current / voltage sensor 42 Based on the generated power output, a process of controlling the amount of fuel supplied by the second fuel pump 22 and the amount of air by the air blower 12 is performed.
  • the control unit 31 can be configured as, for example, an integrated computer including storage units such as a central processing unit (CPU), a RAM, a ROM, and a hard disk.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the entire processing procedure of the temperature raising operation of the stack at the time of startup of the fuel cell system 100.
  • step S11 the control unit 31 determines whether to activate the stack 11.
  • step S12 the control unit 31 determines whether the heating of the stack 11 by the combustion burner 21 has ended. If the heating of the stack 11 is not completed (NO in step S12), the control unit 31 continues the heating control of the stack 11 by the combustion burner 21 in step S13. Details of the stack heating control will be described later with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S14.
  • step S14 the control unit 31 determines whether the stack temperature increase control has ended. If the stack temperature increase control has not ended (NO in step S14), the control unit 31 performs stack temperature increase control in step S15. Details of the stack temperature increase control will be described later with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. Thereafter, the process returns. Note that “stack heating control” is control for raising the temperature of the stack 11 to a temperature at which power can be generated, and “stack heating control” means that the temperature of the stack 11 raised to the temperature at which power can be generated is further raised to generate power. It is control to raise to target temperature.
  • step S21 the control unit 31 activates the air blower 12 to supply air to the combustion burners 21.
  • step S ⁇ b> 22 the control unit 31 activates the combustion burner 21 to burn the fuel supplied from the second fuel pump 22 and the air supplied from the air blower 12. Then, the combustion gas generated by the combustion burner 21 is supplied into the cathode 11 a of the stack 11 to raise the temperature of the cathode 11 a.
  • step S23 the control unit 31 controls the amount of air supplied from the air blower 12 into the cathode 11a.
  • the control unit 31 controls the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion burners 21.
  • the control unit 31 controls the amount of combustion gas supplied from the combustion burner 21 to the cathode 11 a and the outlet temperature of the combustion burner 21 to be in predetermined states.
  • step S25 the control unit 31 detects the temperature of the stack 11 (for example, the average value of the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature) by the inlet temperature sensor 41a and the outlet temperature sensor 41b.
  • step S26 the control unit 31 determines whether the temperature of the stack 11 has reached a predetermined temperature (the temperature at which the stack 11 can generate power). If the temperature of the stack 11 has not reached the predetermined temperature (NO in step S26), the process returns to step S23. If the temperature of the stack 11 has reached the predetermined temperature (YES in step S26), the control unit 31 ends the heating by the combustion burner 21 in step S27, and turns on the flag of the heating end determination. Thus, the control unit 31 can raise the temperature of the stack 11 to the power generation possible temperature.
  • a predetermined temperature the temperature at which the stack 11 can generate power.
  • step S31 shown in FIG. 4 the control unit 31 detects the temperature of the stack 11 and the output of the stack 11 (calculated from the power and current).
  • step S32 the control unit 31 determines whether the output of the stack 11 has reached the target output.
  • step S35 the control unit 31 controls the current value such that the generated output of the stack 11 becomes the target output.
  • step S36 the control unit 31 turns on a flag indicating that the output of the stack 11 has reached the target output. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S37.
  • step S33 the control unit 31 reads the cell voltage target value stored in a memory (not shown) or the like.
  • step S34 the control unit 31 controls the cell voltage such that the cell voltage target value is obtained.
  • the control unit 31 controls the cell voltage to be a predetermined value, and controls the output of the stack 11 to be a target output as the temperature of the stack 11 rises.
  • the stack 11 is a structure in which a plurality of cells are stacked.
  • the cell voltage is the output voltage of each cell. It is desirable to control the cell voltage to about 0.5V. Control of the cell voltage will be described later with reference to FIG. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S37.
  • step S37 the control unit 31 determines whether the target output of the stack 11 is larger than a predetermined output set in advance. Specifically, the control unit 31 determines whether the target output of the stack 11 is larger than a predetermined value X1 set in advance. As shown in the characteristic curve of FIG. 15, the relationship between the target output of the stack 11 and the energy input to the stack 11 differs between the on time and the off time of the combustion burner 21.
  • Curve Q1 in FIG. 15 shows the on-time characteristics of the combustion burner 21, and curve Q2 shows the off-time characteristics of the combustion burner 21. It can be seen from FIG. 15 that the input energy can be reduced by turning on the combustion burner 21 when the target output of the stack 11 exceeds the predetermined value X1. Therefore, in the fuel cell system 100, when the target output of the stack 11 exceeds the predetermined value X1, the stack burner 11 is heated to the target temperature by operating the combustion burners 21. On the other hand, when the target output of the stack 11 falls below the predetermined value X1, the temperature of the stack 11 is raised without operating the combustion burners 21.
  • the “target temperature” is a temperature when the stack 11 is in steady operation, and is a temperature higher than the power generation possible temperature.
  • step S38 the control unit 31 determines whether the temperature of the stack 11 has reached the target temperature. If the temperature of the stack 11 has not reached the target temperature (NO in step S38), the controller 31 executes burner and oxygen excess ratio control [1] in step S39. The details of the burner and the excess oxygen ratio control [1] will be described later with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. On the other hand, when the temperature of the stack 11 has reached the target temperature (YES in step S38), the control unit 31 executes burner and oxygen excess ratio control [2] in step S40. The details of the burner and the excess oxygen ratio control [2] will be described later with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.
  • step S37 When it is determined in step S37 that the target output of the stack 11 is less than or equal to the predetermined value X1 (NO in step S37), the controller 31 determines that the temperature of the stack 11 reaches the target temperature in step S41. Determine if you If the temperature of the stack 11 has not reached the target temperature (NO in step S41), the control unit 31 executes excess oxygen ratio control [1] in step S42. The details of the excess oxygen ratio control [1] will be described later with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. On the other hand, when the temperature of the stack 11 has reached the target temperature (YES in step S41), in step S43, the control unit 31 executes excess oxygen ratio control [2]. The details of the excess oxygen ratio control [2] will be described later with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.
  • the control unit 31 controls the stack 11 in step S44. It is determined whether the temperature has reached the target temperature. If the temperature of the stack 11 has reached the target temperature (YES in step S44), in step S45, the control unit 31 turns on a target temperature attainment determination flag indicating that the temperature of the stack 11 has reached the target temperature. Do.
  • step S46 the control unit 31 determines whether the temperature and output of the stack 11 have reached the target temperature and the target output. If the temperature and the output of the stack 11 have not reached the target temperature and the target output (NO in step S46), the process ends. On the other hand, if the temperature and the output of stack 11 have reached the target temperature and the target output (YES in step S46), control unit 31 ends the stack temperature increase control in step S47, and the stack temperature increase control end determination Turn on the flag.
  • the target temperature arrival flag is turned on in the process of step S45 and the stack temperature increase control end flag is turned on in the process of step S47, the stack temperature increase control shown in step S15 of FIG. 2 is completed.
  • FIG. 16 shows the relationship between current density (A / cm 2), cell voltage (V) and output density (W / cm 2).
  • the symbol V1 indicates the output voltage at the temperature T1
  • the symbol V2 indicates the output voltage at the temperature T2 (> T1)
  • the symbol V3 indicates the output voltage at the temperature T3 (> T2).
  • the symbol W1 indicates the output density (W / cm 2) at the temperature T1
  • the symbol W2 indicates the output density at the temperature T2
  • the symbol W3 indicates the output density at the temperature T3.
  • the output power per unit area that is, the output density has a peak value. doing. Therefore, in the process shown in step S34 of FIG. 4, by controlling the cell voltage to about 0.5 (V), the output power can be increased to obtain a large amount of heat generation. That is, by controlling the cell voltage to about 0.5 (V), the temperature increase effect of the stack 11 can be improved.
  • step S51 the control unit 31 reads a target oxygen excess rate.
  • a target excess oxygen rate e.g., 1.3 or the like
  • the target oxygen excess rate stored in the memory or the like is set to a value lower than the target oxygen excess rate in the normal operation. Therefore, if the target oxygen excess rate is used to control the amount of oxygen supplied to the cathode 11a, less oxygen (air) will be supplied than during normal operation, and the temperature of the stack 11 will rise. .
  • step S52 the control unit 31 reads the target outlet temperature of the combustion burner 21 and the amount of supplied air.
  • the target outlet temperature of the combustion burner 21 stored in advance in a memory (not shown) or the like is read and acquired.
  • step S ⁇ b> 53 the control unit 31 detects the output current of the stack 11 by the current / voltage sensor 42 provided on the stack 11.
  • step S54 the control unit 31 calculates the minimum required oxygen amount according to the output current detected in the process of step S53. Specifically, a value obtained by multiplying the minimum value of the amount of oxygen necessary to obtain the output current by the excess oxygen ratio acquired in the process of step S51 is obtained as the required oxygen amount.
  • step S55 based on the target outlet temperature of the combustion burner 21 obtained in the process of step S52, the control unit 31 calculates the required fuel amount of the combustion burner 21 required to achieve this temperature. That is, if the required oxygen amount of the stack 11 and the target outlet temperature of the combustion burner 21 are determined, the required fuel amount can be obtained.
  • step S56 the control unit 31 calculates the amount of air to be delivered from the air blower 12 based on the required oxygen amount obtained in the process of step S54 and the required fuel amount obtained in the process of step S55 (in this case, In consideration of the amount of oxygen consumed by the combustion in the combustion burner 21, the amount of air is calculated so that the excess oxygen ratio at the outlet of the combustion burner 21 becomes the required oxygen amount set in the process of step S54). That is, the amount of oxygen in the gas discharged after the air delivered from the air blower 12 is supplied to the combustion burner 21 and burned by the combustion burner 21 becomes the required oxygen amount obtained in the process of step S54. , Calculate the required cathode air amount.
  • step S57 the control unit 31 compares the amount of air obtained in the process of step S56 with the amount of supplied air (actually measured value) read in step S52 so that the amount of supplied air becomes the required amount of cathode air.
  • the amount of air supplied to the cathode 11a is set, and further, the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion burner 21 is set in step S58, and the air blower 12 and the second fuel pump are set so as to have these amounts of air and fuel.
  • the stack 11 can be heated by controlling the amount of air supplied to the cathode 11 a and the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion burner 21 based on the excess oxygen ratio. That is, by supplying the combustion gas of the combustion burner 21 and setting the oxygen excess rate lower than that during normal operation, the temperature of the stack 11 can be rapidly raised.
  • step S40 of FIG. 4 the detailed processing procedure of the burner and the excess oxygen ratio control [2] shown in step S40 of FIG. 4 will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.
  • the temperature difference ⁇ T outlet temperature ⁇ inlet temperature
  • the combustion burner 21 and the excess oxygen ratio are controlled so that the temperature of the stack 11 maintains the target temperature.
  • step S61 the control unit 31 detects the temperature difference ⁇ T between the outlet temperature and the inlet temperature of the stack 11 or the outlet temperature of the cathode 11a.
  • step S62 the control unit 31 reads the target outlet temperature of the combustion burner 21.
  • the target outlet temperature stored in the memory or the like is read and acquired.
  • step S63 the control unit 31 calculates the amount of excess oxygen combustion gas supplied to the cathode 11a, that is, the flow amount of excess oxygen gas discharged after the combustion with the combustion burner 21 (hereinafter referred to as the amount of supply gas). Then, the control unit 31 performs control such that the amount of gas supplied to the cathode 11 a becomes the amount of supplied gas in the subsequent processing.
  • the supply gas amount is increased by a predetermined amount if ⁇ T> 0, and the supply gas amount is decreased by a predetermined amount if ⁇ T ⁇ 0.
  • the temperature difference .DELTA.T is controlled so as to approach zero by performing the control.
  • the outlet temperature is detected in step S61, if (outlet temperature)> (target temperature), the amount of supplied gas is increased by a predetermined amount, and if (outlet temperature) ⁇ (target temperature) the supplied gas By reducing the amount by a predetermined amount, the temperature of the stack 11 is controlled to be the target temperature.
  • step S64 the control unit 31 calculates the required cathode air amount to be sent from the air blower 12 based on the supply gas amount obtained in the process of step S63. That is, the air blower 12 is supplied with the air delivered from the air blower 12 and supplied to the combustion burner 21 so that the amount of gas discharged after burning by the combustion burner 21 becomes the amount of supplied gas obtained in the process of step S63. 12 calculates the amount of air to be delivered.
  • step S65 based on the target outlet temperature of the combustion burner 21 obtained in the process of step S62, the control unit 31 calculates the required fuel amount of the combustion burner 21 required to achieve this temperature.
  • step S66 the control unit 31 sets the amount of air obtained in the process of step S64 as the amount of air supplied to the cathode 11a, and further sets the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion burner 21 in step S67.
  • the air blower 12 and the second fuel pump 22 are controlled so that the amount of air and the amount of fuel become as follows.
  • the temperature of the stack 11 can be maintained at the target temperature by controlling the amount of air supplied to the cathode 11a and the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion burner 21 based on the oxygen excess rate.
  • step S71 the control unit 31 reads a target oxygen excess rate.
  • the target oxygen excess rate stored in advance in a memory (not shown) or the like is read and acquired.
  • the oxygen excess rate is set to a lower value than the oxygen excess rate during normal operation of the stack 11.
  • step S ⁇ b> 72 the control unit 31 detects the output current of the stack 11 by the current / voltage sensor 42 provided in the stack 11.
  • step S73 the control unit 31 calculates the minimum required oxygen amount according to the output current detected in the process of step S72. Specifically, a value obtained by multiplying the minimum value of the amount of oxygen necessary to obtain the output current by the excess oxygen ratio acquired in the process of step S71 is obtained as the required oxygen amount.
  • step S74 the control unit 31 calculates the amount of air to be delivered from the air blower 12 based on the required oxygen amount obtained in the process of step S73. That is, the amount of air required to supply the required oxygen amount to the cathode 11a is calculated.
  • step S75 the control unit 31 sets the amount of air obtained in the process of step S74 as the amount of air supplied to the cathode 11a, and controls the air blower 12 to become this air.
  • the stack 11 can be heated by controlling the amount of air supplied to the cathode 11 a based on the oxygen excess rate.
  • the target excess oxygen ratio is set to be lower than the excess oxygen ratio in the normal operation, the amount of oxygen (the amount of air) supplied to the cathode 11a becomes smaller than in the normal operation, and the cooling effect is reduced.
  • the temperature can be reduced to raise the temperature of the stack 11.
  • step S43 of FIG. 4 the temperature difference between the outlet and the inlet of the stack 11 or the outlet temperature of the stack 11 Based on the control of the excess oxygen rate so that the temperature of the stack 11 maintains the target temperature.
  • step S81 the control unit 31 detects a temperature difference ⁇ T between the outlet temperature of the stack 11 and the inlet temperature, or the outlet temperature of the cathode 11a.
  • step S82 the control unit 31 calculates the required cathode air amount to be delivered from the air blower 12. Specifically, if the temperature difference ⁇ T is detected in the process of step S81, the supplied air amount is increased by a predetermined amount if ⁇ T> 0, and the supplied air amount is decreased by a predetermined amount if ⁇ T ⁇ 0.
  • the temperature difference .DELTA.T is controlled so as to approach zero by performing the control.
  • the outlet temperature is detected in step S81, if (outlet temperature)> (target temperature), the supplied air amount is increased by a predetermined amount, and if (outlet temperature) ⁇ (target temperature), the supplied air By reducing the amount by a predetermined amount, the temperature of the stack 11 is controlled to approach the target temperature.
  • step S83 the control unit 31 sets the amount of air obtained in the process of step S82 as the amount of air supplied to the cathode 11a, and controls the air blower 12 to achieve this amount of air.
  • the stack 11 can be maintained at the target temperature by controlling the amount of air supplied to the cathode 11a based on the oxygen excess rate.
  • the fuel cell system 100 at least one of the cell voltage of the stack 11, the excess oxygen ratio of the gas supplied to the cathode 11a, and the combustion gas output from the combustion burner 21.
  • the stack 11 raised to the power generation possible temperature is raised to the target temperature necessary for the operation at the target output. Therefore, the temperature rise of the stack 11 is promoted, and the target temperature or the target output can be quickly reached. Therefore, it is extremely useful in the case of a stack where quick responsiveness is required, for example, when mounted on a vehicle.
  • the amount of energy required to raise the temperature can be reduced.
  • the stack 11 is heated without operating the combustion burners 21. That is, at least one of the oxygen excess rate control of the gas supplied to the cathode 11a and the cell voltage control of the stack 11 is controlled to raise the temperature of the fuel cell to the target temperature with the combustion burner 21 stopped. . Therefore, the amount of energy consumed can be reduced.
  • the voltage value at which the fuel cell output reaches a peak is controlled to be a constant ratio, for example, the cell voltage to be around 0.5 (V).
  • the stack 11 can be efficiently heated to the target temperature.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell system 100a according to the present embodiment.
  • the fuel cell system 100a differs from the configuration of the first embodiment in the following points: (1) Second stage having a cathode 32a and an anode 32b at the rear stage of the stack 11 (first stage stack) The stack 32 is provided; (2) in a flow path connecting the outlet of the cathode 11 a of the first stage stack (first fuel cell) 11 and the inlet of the cathode 32 a of the second stage stack (second fuel cell) 32
  • the cooling air introduction passage (bypass passage) 33 is connected, and a part of the air delivered from the air blower 12 via the cooling air introduction passage 33 is introduced into the cathode 32 a.
  • the cooling air introduction passage 33 is provided with a cooling air flow control device 34 for adjusting the amount of air introduced into the cathode 32a.
  • the second stage stack 32 is provided with an inlet temperature sensor 51a for measuring the temperature on the inlet side, an outlet temperature sensor 51b for measuring the temperature on the outlet side, and a current / voltage sensor 52 for measuring the output current and voltage. It is done.
  • the other configuration is the same as the configuration shown in FIG. 1, so the same reference numerals are given and the description of the configuration is omitted.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the entire processing procedure of the temperature raising operation of the stack at the time of startup of the fuel cell system 100a.
  • step S101 the control unit 31 determines whether to activate the first stage stack 11.
  • the control unit 31 determines in step S102 whether the heating of the first stage stack 11 by the combustion burner 21 is finished. If the heating of the first stage stack 11 is not completed (NO in step S102), the control unit 31 continues the heating control of the first stage stack 11 by the combustion burner 21 in step S103.
  • the details of the stack heating control are the same processing as the flowchart shown in FIG. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S104.
  • step S104 the control unit 31 determines whether the temperature increase control of the first-stage stack 11 has ended. If the temperature increase control of the first stage stack 11 is not completed (NO in step S104), the control unit 31 performs the temperature increase control of the first stage stack 11 in step S105.
  • the temperature increase control of the first-stage stack 11 is the same processing as the flowchart shown in FIG. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S106.
  • step S106 the control unit 31 determines whether the first temperature increase control of the second stack 32 is necessary.
  • the first temperature raising control is control for raising the temperature of the second-stage stack 32 until it reaches the power generation possible temperature. If the second stage stack 32 has not reached the power generation possible temperature and the first temperature increase control of the second stage stack 32 is required (YES in step S106), the control unit 31 determines in step S107 that The first temperature increase control of the second stage stack 32 is performed. The details of the first temperature increase control will be described later with reference to FIG.
  • the control unit 31 is performed in step S108. It is determined whether or not the second temperature increase control of the second stage stack is necessary.
  • the second temperature increase control is control to further increase the temperature to the temperature during normal operation after the second-stage stack 32 reaches the power generation possible temperature. If the second stage stack 32 has not reached the temperature at the time of normal operation and the second temperature increase control of the second stage stack 32 is required (YES in step S108), the controller 31 in step S109. Executes the second temperature increase control of the second stage stack 32. The details of the second temperature increase control will be described later with reference to FIG.
  • step S111 the control unit 31 reads a target output (total target output of the first stack 11 and the second stack 32) stored in a memory (not shown) or the like.
  • step S112 the control unit 31 determines whether or not it is possible to obtain the target output by the operation of only the first-stage stack 11. If it is possible to obtain the target output by the operation of only the first stage stack 11 (YES in step S112), the control unit 31 determines the first temperature increase control unnecessary flag of the second stage stack 32 in step S116. Turn on.
  • the controller 31 controls the inlet temperature sensor 51a provided in the second-stage stack 32 in step S113.
  • the outlet temperature sensor 51b detects the temperature of the second stage stack 32 (for example, the average value of the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature).
  • step S114 the control unit 31 determines whether it is necessary to raise the temperature of the second stack 32. Specifically, when the temperature of the second stack 32 has reached the power generation possible temperature in the process of step S113, the first temperature increase control is unnecessary, and the process proceeds to step S116. On the other hand, when the temperature of the second stack 32 has not reached the power generation possible temperature in the process of step S113, it is necessary to perform the first temperature increase control, so the process proceeds to step S115.
  • step S115 the control unit 31 executes burner and oxygen excess ratio control [3]. Details of the burner and the excess oxygen ratio control [3] will be described later with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.
  • step S121 the control unit 31 sets the temperature difference .DELTA.T between the inlet temperature measured by the inlet temperature sensor 41a provided in the first stage stack 11 and the outlet temperature measured by the outlet temperature sensor 41b (outlet temperature- The inlet temperature) or the outlet temperature of the cathode 11a is detected.
  • step S122 the control unit 31 calculates these difference values from the relationship between the target output and the current output (current output) of the first stage stack 11.
  • step S123 the control unit 31 determines whether it is necessary to activate the combustion burner 21 based on the difference value obtained in the process of step S122. Specifically, the control unit 31 determines that it is necessary to start the combustion burner 21 when the difference value is larger than a predetermined value. If it is necessary to activate the combustion burners 21 (YES in step S123), the process proceeds to step S124. On the other hand, when it is not necessary to start the combustion burner 21 (NO in step S123), the process proceeds to step S130.
  • step S124 the control unit 31 reads the target outlet temperature of the combustion burner 21.
  • the target outlet temperature stored in the memory or the like is read and acquired.
  • a characteristic curve indicating the relationship between the difference value (the difference between the target output and the current output) and the target outlet temperature of the combustion burner 21 is stored in a memory or the like.
  • the control unit 31 obtains the target outlet temperature of the combustion burner 21 by applying the difference value obtained in the process of step S122 to the characteristic curve of FIG.
  • step S125 the control unit 31 controls the amount of excess oxygen combustion gas supplied to the cathode 11a of the first-stage stack 11, that is, the flow amount of excess oxygen gas discharged after combustion by the combustion burner 21 (hereinafter referred to as “supply gas amount And the air blower 12 is controlled to achieve this supplied gas amount.
  • the supply gas amount is increased by a predetermined amount if ⁇ T> 0, and the supply gas amount is decreased by a predetermined amount if ⁇ T ⁇ 0.
  • the temperature difference .DELTA.T is controlled so as to approach zero by performing the control.
  • the outlet temperature is detected in step S121, if (outlet temperature)> (target temperature), the supplied gas amount is increased by a predetermined amount, and if (outlet temperature) ⁇ (target temperature), the supplied gas
  • the temperature of the first stage stack 11 is controlled to be the target temperature.
  • step S126 the control unit 31 calculates the required cathode air amount to be delivered from the air blower 12 based on the supply gas amount obtained in the process of step S125. That is, the amount of gas supplied from the air blower 12 to the second stage stack 11 via the combustion burner 21 and the first stage stack 11 is equal to the amount of gas supplied in the process of step S125. Then, the amount of air delivered by the air blower 12 is calculated.
  • step S127 based on the target outlet temperature of the combustion burner 21 acquired in the process of step S124, the control unit 31 calculates the required fuel amount of the combustion burner 21 required to achieve this temperature. Specifically, when the temperature of the second stage stack 32 does not reach the power generation possible temperature, the temperature of the combustion gas output from the combustion burner 21 is increased as the target output required for the system increases. Control.
  • step S128 the control unit 31 sets the amount of air obtained in the process of step S126 as the amount of air supplied to the cathode 11a, and further sets the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion burner 21 in step S129.
  • the air blower 12 and the second fuel pump 22 are controlled so that the amount of air and the amount of fuel become as follows.
  • step S130 the control unit 31 calculates the required cathode air amount to be sent from the air blower 12 based on the target output. In this process, with the combustion burner 21 stopped, the same process as the process shown in step S125 is performed.
  • the amount of supplied gas (corresponding to the amount of oxygen) is increased by a predetermined amount if ⁇ T> 0, and the supplied gas if ⁇ T ⁇ 0.
  • the temperature difference ⁇ T is controlled to approach zero.
  • the outlet temperature is detected in step S121, if (outlet temperature)> (target temperature), the amount of supplied gas (corresponding to the amount of oxygen) is increased by a predetermined amount, and (outlet temperature) ⁇ (target temperature) In the case of), the temperature of the first stage stack 11 is controlled to be the target temperature by reducing the amount of supplied gas by a predetermined amount.
  • step S131 the control unit 31 sets the amount of air to be delivered from the air blower 12 so as to be the amount of air obtained in the process of step S130.
  • the amount of gas supplied to the cathode 11a of the first-stage stack 11 and the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion burner 21 are controlled based on the excess oxygen ratio, whereby the second-stage stack from the cathode 11a of the first-stage stack 11 is performed. Since the gas flow rate at substantially the same temperature as the first stage stack operating temperature flowing into the cathode 32a of 32 increases, the second stage stack 32 can be rapidly heated to the target temperature (power generation possible temperature).
  • step S141 of FIG. 13 the control unit 31 calculates the target output required of the system, for example, from the amount of operation of the accelerator in the case of an on-vehicle system, and reads the result as the target output. .
  • step S142 the control unit 31 detects the current output of the fuel cell system 100a.
  • the current output can be determined based on the output current and voltage detected by the current / voltage sensor 42 provided in the first stage stack 11 and the current / voltage sensor 52 provided in the second stage stack 32. it can. Furthermore, the control unit 31 obtains the difference between the target output and the current output, and sets this as the difference value A.
  • step S143 the control unit 31 detects the temperature of the second stage stack 32. In this process, the stack temperature is detected as an average value, for example, by the inlet temperature sensor 51a and the outlet temperature sensor 51b provided in the second stage stack 32.
  • step S144 the control unit 31 determines whether it is necessary to raise the temperature of the second stage stack 32. For example, if the temperature of the second-stage stack 32 is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, electric power to be the target output can be generated even if the difference value A is equal to or higher than the predetermined value. 31 determines that it is not necessary to heat the second stage stack 32. If it is necessary to raise the temperature of the second stage stack 32 (needed in step S144), the process proceeds to step S145. On the other hand, when it is not necessary to raise the temperature of the second stage stack 32 (not needed in step S144), the process proceeds to step S155.
  • step S145 the control unit 31 determines whether the output of the second stack 32 has reached the target output. If the output of the second stage stack 32 has reached the target output (YES in step S145), the process proceeds to step S149. On the other hand, when the output of the second stage stack 32 does not reach the target output (NO in step S145), the process proceeds to step S147.
  • step S147 and S148 the control unit 31 reads the target cell voltage of the second stage stack 32 from the memory or the like, controls the cell voltage to a predetermined value, and increases as the operating temperature of the second stage stack 32 increases. Control so that the generated output reaches the target output.
  • This process carries out the same process as steps S33 and S34 in FIG. 4 described above. If this process ends, the process proceeds to step S151.
  • control unit 31 causes output of second-stage stack 32 to maintain the target output in step S149.
  • the current is controlled, and in step S150, the target output determination flag is turned on.
  • the second stage stack 32 can be heated by performing the cell voltage control, and the second stage When the output of the stack 32 has reached the target output, it is not necessary to further increase the output, so a flag indicating that the target output has been reached without performing cell voltage control is turned on.
  • step S151 the control unit 31 determines whether the temperature of the second stack 32 has reached the target temperature (the temperature at the time of normal operation of the second stack 32). If the temperature of the second stage stack 32 has not reached the target temperature (NO in step S151), the process proceeds to step S152. On the other hand, if the temperature of the second stack 32 has reached the target temperature (YES in step S151), the process proceeds to step S153.
  • step S152 the control unit 31 executes excess oxygen ratio control [3].
  • the details of the excess oxygen ratio control [3] will be described later with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.
  • step S153 the control unit 31 turns on a target temperature attainment determination flag indicating that the temperature of the second stack 32 has reached the target temperature. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S154.
  • step S154 the control unit 31 determines whether the second stage stack 32 has reached the target temperature and the target output. If the second stage stack 32 has reached the target temperature and the target output (YES in step S154), the process proceeds to step S155, and then the process ends. On the other hand, when the second stage stack 32 has not reached the target temperature and the target output (NO in step S154), the present process ends.
  • step S161 of FIG. 14 the control unit 31 calculates the amount of oxygen in the gas output from the first-stage stack 11. This calculation can be obtained from the relationship between the amount of oxygen supplied to the first stage stack 11 and the amount of oxygen used for power generation.
  • step S162 the control unit 31 reads the target minimum oxygen excess rate of the second stack 32.
  • the control unit 31 acquires the numerical value stored in a memory (not shown) by reading it.
  • step S163 the control unit 31 detects the output current of the second stage stack 32 by the current / voltage sensor 52.
  • step S164 the control unit 31 calculates the required minimum oxygen amount of the second stage stack 32. In this process, based on the output current detected in the process of step S163, the control unit 31 determines the amount of oxygen necessary to generate this current (minimum necessary amount of oxygen), and further, the step of this oxygen amount is performed.
  • the minimum oxygen content is determined by multiplying the target minimum oxygen excess rate acquired in the process of S162. At this time, since the excess oxygen rate read in the process of step S161 is set to a value lower than the excess oxygen rate during normal operation, the minimum oxygen amount is lower than the minimum oxygen amount during normal operation. .
  • step S165 the control unit 31 determines the minimum amount of oxygen obtained in the process of step S164 and the amount of oxygen in the gas output from the first stack 11 obtained in the process of step S161 (the amount of oxygen supplied in the second stage). Compare with. If the second stage supply oxygen amount is larger than the minimum oxygen amount (YES in step S165), the process proceeds to step S166. On the other hand, if the second stage supply oxygen amount is smaller than the minimum oxygen amount (NO in step S165), the process proceeds to step S167.
  • step S166 the control unit 31 sets the flow rate of the cooling air supplied to the second stage stack 32 from the cooling air flow control device 34 shown in FIG. 9 to zero. That is, if the minimum amount of oxygen required by the second stage stack 32 is smaller than the amount of oxygen contained in the gas delivered from the first stage stack 11 (the second stage supply oxygen amount), the second stage Since the oxygen required for the power generation of the stack 32 is sufficient, the cooling air from the air blower 12 is not supplied.
  • step S167 the control unit 31 calculates the flow rate of cooling air supplied from the cooling air flow control device 34 to the second stage stack 32. That is, if the minimum amount of oxygen required by the second stage stack 32 is larger than the amount of oxygen contained in the gas delivered from the first stage stack 11 (the second stage supply oxygen amount), the second stage Since the oxygen required for the power generation of the stack 32 is insufficient, the amount of cooling air to be supplied is obtained from the cooling air flow control device 34.
  • step S168 the control unit 31 adds the amount of air supplied to the first-stage stack 11 and the amount of air sent from the cooling air flow control device 34 to the first-stage stack 11 and the second-stage stack 32. Calculated as the total value of the air volume required by
  • step S169 the control unit 31 sets the amount of air supplied to the cathode 32a of the second stage stack 32.
  • the control unit 31 adjusts the opening degree of the cooling air flow control device 34 so that the amount of cooling air supplied to the cathode 32a becomes a desired numerical value.
  • the amount of oxygen supplied to the cathode 32a of the second-stage stack 32 is controlled so as not to be less than the minimum amount of oxygen obtained by multiplying the minimum necessary amount of oxygen by the oxygen excess rate.
  • the temperature of the second stage stack 32 can be immediately raised by reducing the cooling effect of the second stage stack 32.
  • the combustion burner is activated when the second stack 32 is started. At least one of the control of the amount of combustion gas delivered from 21, the control of the excess oxygen rate, and the control of setting the cell voltage within a predetermined range, the target output of the second stage stack 32 is quickly achieved.
  • the second stage stack 32 can quickly start generating power.
  • the fuel cell system 101a outputs more power from the combustion burner 21 (oxidant heater) as the target output required for the system is higher.
  • the temperature of the combustion gas is controlled to be high. Therefore, since the combustion gas output from the combustion burner 21 flows into the cathode 32a of the second stack 32 via the first stack 11, the second stack 32 can be rapidly heated, and the target temperature is reached. The time to reach can be further shortened.
  • the cooling air introduction passage 33 is connected to a flow path connecting the cathode 11 a outlet of the first stage stack 11 and the cathode 32 a inlet of the second stage stack 32, and an air blower is connected via the cooling air introduction passage 33. Since a part of the air delivered from 12 is introduced into the cathode 32a, the minimum amount of oxygen required in the cathode 32a of the second stage stack 32 can be assuredly ensured.
  • FIG. 18 is an explanatory view showing the fuel cell system 100 according to the present embodiment connected to the external load 61.
  • Electric power is supplied to the external load 61 via the relay device 63 by the fuel cell system 100 and the external power supply 62.
  • the fuel cell system 100 sets a target output and a target temperature in accordance with the required power of the external load 61.
  • the fuel cell system 100 has the configuration shown in FIG.
  • step S201 the control unit 31 (see FIG. 1) of the fuel cell system 100 detects the required power of the external load 61.
  • step S202 the control unit 31 obtains the generated power of the stack 11.
  • step S203 the control unit 31 calculates a difference value between the external load required power and the generated power of the stack 11.
  • step S204 the control unit 31 sets the target output and the target temperature of the stack 11 based on the difference value obtained in the process of step S203.
  • Power corresponding to the difference between the external load required power and the power generated by the stack 11 is supplied from the external power supply 62.
  • the control unit 31 sets a target output and a target temperature according to the difference value.
  • the fuel cell system 100 calculates the power supplied by the external power supply 62 as a difference between the external load required power and the generated power of the stack 11, and The target output of the stack 11 is changed. Therefore, the fuel cell system 100 can change the amount of power generation immediately and supply it to the external load 61 according to the power required by the external load 61. Therefore, the temperature increase rate of the stack 11 is controlled as necessary, and the amount of energy required for the temperature increase control can be reduced.
  • the control unit 31 may set the target output or the target temperature of the stack 11 in accordance with the difference value between the external load required power and the output power of the external power supply 62.
  • FIG. 20 is an explanatory view showing the fuel cell system 100 according to the present embodiment connected to the external load 61.
  • Electric power is supplied to the external load 61 by the fuel cell system 100 and the power storage device 64.
  • Fuel cell system 100 sets a target output and a target temperature according to the required power of external load 61 and the storage amount of power storage device 64.
  • the fuel cell system 100 has the configuration shown in FIG.
  • step S211 the control unit 31 (see FIG. 1) of the fuel cell system 100 detects the required power of the external load 61.
  • control unit 31 detects the ratio (SOC: State Of Charge) of the storage amount of power storage device 64.
  • the controller 31 sets a target output and a target temperature of the fuel cell system 100. This process can be set using the map shown in FIG. FIG. 22 is a map showing the relationship between the SOC and the external load required power. The control unit 31 sets a target output and a target temperature of the stack 11 based on this map.
  • the target output of the stack 11 fluctuates in accordance with the storage amount ratio (SOC) of the power storage device 64. Therefore, the fuel cell system 100 can change the amount of power generation immediately and supply it to the external load 61 according to the power required by the external load 61. Therefore, the temperature increase rate of the stack 11 is controlled in accordance with the ratio of the amount of stored power of the power storage device 64, and the amount of energy required for the temperature increase control can be reduced.
  • SOC storage amount ratio
  • FIG. 23 is an explanatory view showing how the fuel cell system 100 according to the present embodiment is connected to, for example, an external load 61 (in this embodiment, a vehicle motor). Electric power is supplied to the external load 61 by the fuel cell system 100 and the power storage device 64.
  • an external load 61 in this embodiment, a vehicle motor. Electric power is supplied to the external load 61 by the fuel cell system 100 and the power storage device 64.
  • the fuel cell system 100 is configured to be able to acquire data on the moving speed and moving direction of the vehicle from a control device mounted on the vehicle. Fuel cell system 100 estimates the required output after a predetermined time based on the moving direction and moving speed of the vehicle, and based on the estimated required output and the storage amount ratio (SOC) of power storage device 64, Set target output or target temperature.
  • SOC storage amount ratio
  • step S231 the control unit 31 (see FIG. 1) of the fuel cell system 100 acquires position information (including altitude information) of the vehicle on which the fuel cell system 100 is mounted.
  • This position information can be acquired, for example, from GPS information of a navigation system mounted on a vehicle.
  • control unit 31 calculates the moving direction of the vehicle.
  • control unit 31 detects the moving speed of the vehicle.
  • step S234 the control unit 31 estimates the required output after a predetermined time based on the moving speed and the moving direction of the vehicle.
  • control unit 31 detects the storage ratio (SOC) of power storage device 64.
  • step S236 the control unit 31 sets a target output or a target temperature based on the value of the SOC.
  • the target output or target temperature is set as time series data as shown in FIG.
  • this process can be set using the map shown in FIG. FIG. 26 is a map showing the relationship between the SOC and the estimated output.
  • the control unit 31 sets a target output and a target temperature of the stack 11 based on this map.
  • the temperature increase rate of the stack 11 is controlled according to the target output or the target temperature after a predetermined time estimated by the GPS information or the like. Therefore, the temperature rise control can be performed earlier than the time at which the predetermined output is required, and the energy consumption required for the temperature rise control can be reduced.
  • the oxygen excess rate of the oxidant output from the oxidant heating unit until the target output in normal operation or the target temperature is reached is reached.
  • at least one of the control to make the output voltage of the fuel cell within a predetermined range, and the heating control by the oxidant heating unit Therefore, the output of the fuel cell can be quickly reached to the target output.
  • the fuel cell system according to the present invention can rapidly raise the stack temperature to the target operation temperature.
  • the fuel cell system of the present invention has been described above based on the first to fifth embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the configuration of each part may be any configuration having the same function. It can be replaced.
  • a fuel cell system was mentioned as an example and explained to vehicles, this invention is not limited to vehicles.
  • the fuel cell system of the present invention can also be used as another application such as a fuel cell used for general household use.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de pile à combustible (100) comprenant un empilement (11), une soufflante d'air (12), un brûleur à combustible (21), et un dispositif de commande (31). Une soufflante d'air (12) est installée sur le côté amont d'une cathode (11a) de l'empilement (11) pour fournir de l'air à la cathode (11a). Le brûleur à combustible (21) est installé entre la soufflante d'air (12) et la cathode (11a) pour chauffer la sortie d'air de la soufflante d'air (12). Lorsque l'empilement (11) commence à fonctionner, le dispositif de commande (31) commande l'alimentation, vers la cathode (11a), en air chauffé par le brûleur à combustible (21) et l'augmentation de température dans l'empilement (11). En outre, et jusqu'à ce que l'empilement (11) atteigne la sortie cible spécifiée ou la température cible après que l'empilement (11) atteint la température permettant la génération de puissance, le dispositif de commande (31) commande au moins un élément parmi (a) la commande servant à régler le facteur d'excès d'oxygène de sortie d'air du brûleur à combustible (21) de sorte qu'il soit inférieur au facteur d'excès d'oxygène au niveau de la sortie cible de l'empilement, (b) la commande servant à ajuster la tension de sortie de l'empilement (11) dans la plage spécifiée, et (c) la commande de chauffage par le brûleur de combustion (21).
PCT/JP2013/052001 2012-02-03 2013-01-30 Système de pile à combustible et procédé de commande de système de pile à combustible WO2013115226A1 (fr)

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JP6323241B2 (ja) * 2014-08-06 2018-05-16 日産自動車株式会社 燃料電池発電システム
JP6394875B2 (ja) * 2014-09-17 2018-09-26 日産自動車株式会社 燃料電池システム
JP6556440B2 (ja) * 2014-11-19 2019-08-07 東京瓦斯株式会社 燃料電池システム
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JP6026691B1 (ja) * 2016-03-29 2016-11-16 東京瓦斯株式会社 燃料電池システム
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JP6134832B1 (ja) * 2016-03-30 2017-05-24 東京瓦斯株式会社 燃料電池システム
JP2017183267A (ja) * 2016-11-07 2017-10-05 東京瓦斯株式会社 燃料電池システム
JP6381714B1 (ja) * 2017-03-10 2018-08-29 東京瓦斯株式会社 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池制御プログラム
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