WO2013069504A1 - 単一発光粒子検出を用いた光分析装置、光分析方法及び光分析用コンピュータプログラム - Google Patents
単一発光粒子検出を用いた光分析装置、光分析方法及び光分析用コンピュータプログラム Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention uses an optical system capable of detecting light from a minute region in a solution, such as an optical system of a confocal microscope or a multiphoton microscope, and uses atoms, molecules or aggregates thereof dispersed or dissolved in a solution ( These are hereinafter referred to as “particles”), for example, biomolecules such as proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, lipids, sugar chains, amino acids or aggregates thereof, particulate objects such as viruses and cells, or non- It relates to optical analysis technology that can detect light from biological particles and obtain useful information in the analysis or analysis of those states (interaction, binding / dissociation state, etc.).
- the present invention relates to an optical analysis device, an optical analysis method, and an optical analysis computer program that enable various optical analyzes by individually detecting light from a single light emitting particle using the optical system as described above.
- a particle that emits light (hereinafter referred to as “luminescent particle”) is either a particle that emits light itself, or a particle to which an arbitrary luminescent label or luminescent probe is added.
- the light emitted from the luminescent particles may be fluorescence, phosphorescence, chemiluminescence, bioluminescence, scattered light, or the like.
- Such optical analysis techniques include, for example, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS; see, for example, Patent Literature 1-3 and Non-Patent Literature 1-3), and fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (Fluorescence-Intensity Distribution Analysis: FIDA, for example, Patent Document 4, Non-Patent Document 4) and Photon Counting Histogram (PCH, for example, Patent Document 5) are known.
- Patent Documents 6 to 8 propose a method for detecting a fluorescent substance based on the passage of time of a fluorescence signal of a sample solution measured using an optical system of a confocal microscope.
- the applicant of the present application described in Patent Documents 9 to 11 is an optical analysis technique using an optical system capable of detecting light from a minute region in a solution, such as an optical system of a confocal microscope or a multiphoton microscope.
- a new optical analysis technique based on a principle different from optical analysis techniques such as FCS and FIDA has been proposed.
- optical analysis techniques such as FCS and FIDA
- fluorescent molecules floating in a minute region hereinafter referred to as “light detection region” that is a light detection region in a sample solution.
- Statistical calculation processing is executed on the light intensity data obtained by continuously measuring the light, and the concentration and / or other characteristics of the fluorescent molecules are detected.
- the position of the light detection region is moved in the sample solution, that is, the sample solution is scanned by the light detection region.
- the light detection region includes light emitting particles that are dispersed in the sample solution and move randomly, the light emitted from the light emitting particles is individually detected, so that one light emitting particle in the sample solution is detected. By detecting each of them, it is possible to obtain information on the counting of the luminescent particles and the concentration or number density of the luminescent particles in the sample solution.
- the sample required for the measurement is a very small amount (for example, about several tens of ⁇ L) as in the optical analysis techniques such as FCS and FIDA.
- the measurement time is short (measurement of time in the order of seconds is repeated several times in one measurement), and the concentration of particles to be observed is the same as that of optical analysis technology such as FCS and FIDA. It is possible to detect the presence of luminescent particles in a sample solution lower than a well measurable level (about 1 nM) and quantitatively detect its concentration, number density or other characteristics.
- the “scanning molecule counting method” is used for analysis of rare or expensive samples often used in the field of medical and biological research and development, clinical diagnosis of diseases, screening of bioactive substances, etc.
- the number of specimens is large, it is possible to perform experiments or tests at a lower cost or more quickly than conventional biochemical methods, and at a lower concentration so that FCS, FIDA, etc. cannot be performed well. It is expected to be a powerful tool capable of detecting the concentration and / or properties of
- each pulse appears as a pulse signal, it is assumed that one pulse signal corresponds to one luminescent particle.
- the presence of is detected individually.
- the intensity of the detection light emitted from the light detection region of the optical system of the confocal microscope or the multiphoton microscope (the intensity of the light emitted from a single luminescent particle and reaching the photodetector) is typically
- due to the spatial distribution of excitation light and / or the characteristics of the optical system it has a bell-shaped distribution with the approximate center of the light detection region as the apex.
- the measured emission intensity varies depending on the position in the detection region.
- the low-luminance particle passed through the site where the excitation light intensity was strong It cannot be distinguished from the case where a particle with strong brightness passes through a portion where the excitation light intensity is weak by the magnitude of the emission intensity of the pulse signal. That is, the absolute value of the luminescence intensity measured in the scanning molecule counting method is not an intrinsic value of the luminescent particles, and a common luminescence wavelength is determined by using the difference in luminescence intensity of a single luminescent particle. The luminescent particles that have different brightness but cannot be distinguished from each other.
- the luminescent particles are classified for each type. It cannot be detected while identifying.
- the main object of the present invention is to provide a novel technique that enables identification or identification of the type of luminescent particles corresponding to each pulse signal in the above-described scanning molecule counting method.
- the inventors of the present invention when the same luminescent particles are detected multiple times in the scanning molecule counting method, the light intensity of the signal changes, and the change in the light intensity is emitted. It was found that it was caused by the movement of particles due to diffusion. That is, since the light intensity change of the signal over a plurality of times reflects the diffusion characteristics of the light emitting particles, the light emitting particles can be identified by the diffusion characteristics based on the light intensity changes of the signal over a plurality of times. Such knowledge is advantageously used in the present invention.
- the above problem is an optical analyzer that detects light from luminescent particles that are dispersed in a sample solution and randomly move using an optical system of a confocal microscope or a multiphoton microscope.
- a light detection region moving unit that periodically moves the position of the light detection region of the optical system of the microscope in the sample solution along a predetermined path, and a light detection unit that detects light from the light detection region, The time-series light intensity data from the light detection area detected by the light detection unit is generated while moving the position of the light detection area in the sample solution.
- a signal processing unit that individually detects a signal representing light from a single luminescent particle, and the signal processing unit detects the intensity value of the signal representing the light of one detected luminescent particle and time-series light intensity data At the time of the generation of a signal representing the light of the one luminous particle.
- the luminous particles dispersed in the sample solution and moving randomly means particles emitting light such as atoms, molecules or aggregates thereof dispersed or dissolved in the sample solution.
- any particle may be used as long as it is not fixed to the substrate or the like and freely moves in the solution in Brownian motion.
- the luminescent particles are typically fluorescent particles, but may be particles that emit light by phosphorescence, chemiluminescence, bioluminescence, light scattering, or the like.
- the “light detection area” of the optical system of a confocal microscope or multiphoton microscope is a minute area in which light is detected in those microscopes.
- the illumination light is Corresponds to the focused region (in the confocal microscope, it is determined in particular by the positional relationship between the objective lens and the pinhole.
- the luminescent particles emit light without illumination light, for example, chemiluminescence or biological In the case of particles that emit light by light emission, illumination light is not required in the microscope.
- the light detection unit detects light from the light detection region by photon counting that counts the number of photons that arrive every predetermined measurement unit time (bin time), and in this case, the light intensity in time series The data becomes time-series photon count data.
- a time region separated by a time corresponding to an integral multiple of the movement period of the position of the light detection region as measured from the generation time of a signal representing the light of one light emitting particle refers to the light of a certain light emitting particle. Is a time region obtained by adding or subtracting only the time corresponding to an integral multiple of the movement period of the position of the light detection region to the generation time of the signal representing That is, such a time region is a time region (data corresponding to the same space) in which a light detection value appears when a light detection region that circulates repeatedly passes through a space where a certain luminescent particle exists. is there.
- the term “light emitting particle signal” refers to a signal representing light from the light emitting particles unless otherwise specified.
- the scanning molecule counting method which is the basic configuration of the present invention, first, the position of the light detection region is moved in the sample solution, that is, the sample solution is scanned by the light detection region. However, the detection of light is performed sequentially. Then, when the light detection region that moves in the sample solution includes light emitting particles that are moving randomly, the light from the light emitting particles is detected, thereby detecting the presence of one light emitting particle. There is expected. Therefore, the light signals from the luminescent particles are detected individually in the time-series data (time-series light intensity data) of the light detected sequentially, thereby detecting the presence of each particle individually. As a result, various information regarding the state of the particles in the solution is acquired.
- the intensity of light emitted from a single light emitting particle in the optical analyzer and reaching the light detector varies depending on the position of the light emitting particle in the light detection region.
- the absolute value of the signal light intensity cannot be directly used to identify or identify the types of luminescent particles having a common emission wavelength but different brightness.
- the change in the light intensity of the same luminescent particles detected when the position of the light detection region circulates along a predetermined path is changed in the movement direction of the light detection region during the rotation of the position of the light detection region.
- the position of the light detection region is set along a predetermined path so that the same luminescent particle is detected a plurality of times. Optical measurements are performed with periodic movement.
- the period of movement of the position of the light detection region is calculated from the intensity value of the signal representing the light of one detected light emitting particle and the time of generation of the signal representing the light of one light emitting particle in the time-series light intensity data.
- Intensity values in a time domain separated by a time corresponding to an integer multiple of the intensity of the light detection region, that is, the intensity of a series of light from the space in which one luminescent particle exists during the circular movement of the light detection region Refer to the value or the intensity value of a series of signals of the same luminescent particles during the circular movement of the light detection region, and represent the translational diffusion characteristics of the luminescent particles based on the plurality of light intensity values. An index value is determined, thereby attempting to identify or identify the type of such individual luminescent particles. Specifically, the type of the luminescent particles may be determined based on the index value indicating the translational diffusion characteristics of the luminescent particles determined as described above.
- the index value indicating the translational diffusion characteristic of the luminescent particles is, for example, the intensity value of the signal of one luminescent particle and the light detection before and after the signal of the one luminescent particle. It may be a ratio to the sum of intensity values in a time region separated by a time corresponding to the movement period of the region position.
- the space in which a luminescent particle corresponding to one signal exists corresponds to the movement cycle of the position of the light detection region before and after the signal of the one luminescent particle. It is included in the light detection region in a time region separated by time.
- the change in the light intensity emitted from the space represents the magnitude of the movement of the luminescent particles due to the Brownian motion while the light detection region circulates. That is, the slower the movement of the luminescent particles, the stronger the intensity in the time region that is separated by the time corresponding to the movement value of the signal intensity value of one luminescent particle and the position of the light detection region before and after the signal of that luminescent particle.
- the ratio the ratio with the sum of intensity values in the time domain varies with the ease of translational diffusion of the luminescent particles.
- the ratio of such intensity values may be employed as an index value for identifying or identifying the type of luminescent particles.
- the index value representing the translational diffusion characteristics of the luminescent particles may be a diffusion coefficient of the luminescent particles or a function value thereof.
- the change in the light intensity of the signal of the same luminescent particle detected every rotation of the light detection region corresponds to the change in the position of the luminescent particle during the rotation of the light detection region.
- the autocorrelation function value with respect to time calculated from the signal intensity value of the same luminescent particle for each round of the light detection region is a given diffusion coefficient in a plane perpendicular to the moving direction of the light detection region.
- the theoretical equation obtained from such a translational diffusion model is fitted to the autocorrelation function value of the signal intensity value with respect to time. It is possible to calculate the diffusion coefficient. Therefore, in the present invention, it is separated by a time corresponding to an integral multiple of the moving period of the position of the light detection region, as measured from the generation time of the signal representing the light of one luminescent particle in the time-series light intensity data.
- the intensity value in the time domain the intensity value of the signal representing the light of the same luminescent particle as that one luminescent particle (generated in the time domain) is used, and the signal representing the light of the single luminescent particle In a plane perpendicular to the moving direction of the light detection region with respect to the autocorrelation function value with respect to the time calculated from the intensity value of the light and the intensity value of the signal representing the light of the same light emitting particle as the one light emitting particle
- a diffusion coefficient calculated by fitting a theoretical formula derived from a translational diffusion model of a luminescent particle or a function value thereof may be adopted as an index value representing a translational diffusion characteristic of the luminescent particle for identification of the luminescent particle.
- the diffusion coefficient of the luminescent particles or a function value thereof is determined, and the diffusion coefficient or the function value thereof may be adopted as an index value for identifying the luminescent particles.
- the signal processing unit of the apparatus of the present invention determines whether or not one luminescent particle has entered the light detection region from the detection value signal from the sequential light detection unit. This may be done on the basis of a signal profile representing the time-series light detected in this way.
- a signal profile representing the time-series light detected typically, when a signal having an intensity greater than a predetermined threshold is detected, it is detected that one luminescent particle has entered the light detection region. It's okay.
- the signal profile representing the light from the luminescent particles is usually the time-series detection value of the light detection unit, that is, the light intensity data.
- the signal processing unit of the apparatus of the present invention is configured to detect a pulse signal having an intensity exceeding a predetermined threshold as a signal representing light from a single luminescent particle on the time-series light intensity data. It may be.
- the “predetermined threshold value” can be set to an appropriate value experimentally.
- the detection target of the apparatus of the present invention is light from a single luminescent particle, the light intensity is very weak, and when one luminescent particle is a single fluorescent molecule or several molecules, The light emitted from the luminescent particles is probabilistically emitted, and there is a possibility that a signal value may be lost in a very short time. When such a lack occurs, it becomes difficult to specify a signal corresponding to the presence of one luminescent particle. Therefore, the signal processing unit smoothes the time-series light intensity data, processes the data so that the missing signal value at a minute time can be ignored, and then uses the smoothed time-series light intensity data.
- a bell-shaped pulsed signal having an intensity exceeding a predetermined threshold value may be detected as a signal representing light from a single luminescent particle.
- the signal processing unit determines the existence area of the bell-shaped pulse signal in the time differential value of the smoothed time-series light intensity data, and the existence area of the pulse signal.
- a pulse-like signal whose intensity value obtained by fitting a bell-shaped function equation to the smoothed time-series light intensity data in the sample exceeds a predetermined threshold is determined as a signal representing light from a single luminescent particle. It may be configured to avoid the trouble of manually detecting the region where the pulse-like signal exists visually.
- the moving speed of the position of the light detection region in the sample solution in the above-described apparatus of the present invention may be appropriately changed based on the characteristics of the luminescent particles or the number density or concentration in the sample solution.
- the moving speed of the light detection region increases, the amount of light obtained from one light emitting particle decreases, so that the light from one light emitting particle can be measured with high accuracy or sensitivity. It is preferable that the moving speed can be appropriately changed.
- the moving speed of the position of the light detection region in the sample solution is preferably set higher than the diffusion moving speed of the luminescent particles to be detected (the average moving speed of the particles due to Brownian motion).
- the apparatus of the present invention detects the light emitted from the light emitting particles when the light detection region passes the position where the light emitting particles exist, and individually detects the light emitting particles.
- a signal (representing the presence of the luminescent particles) is emitted multiple times from one luminescent particle.
- the moving speed of the light detection region is set to be higher than the diffusion moving speed of the luminescent particles, so that one luminescent particle can correspond to one signal (indicating the presence of the luminescent particle). It becomes. Since the diffusion movement speed varies depending on the luminescent particles, as described above, according to the characteristics (particularly, the diffusion coefficient) of the luminescent particles, the apparatus of the present invention can appropriately change the movement speed of the light detection region. It is preferable to be configured.
- the movement period of the light detection region is preferably set to be shorter than the time required for the luminescent particles once detected to move a distance corresponding to the size of the light detection region by Brownian motion.
- the moving period of the light detection region can be set by appropriately adjusting the moving speed and the length of the predetermined path.
- the movement of the position of the light detection region in the sample solution may be performed by an arbitrary method.
- the position of the light detection region may be changed by changing the optical path of the optical system of the microscope by using a galvanometer mirror employed in a laser scanning optical microscope, or
- the position of the sample solution may be moved (for example, by moving a microscope stage) to move the position of the light detection region in the sample solution.
- the movement trajectory of the position of the light detection region may be arbitrarily set, and may be selected from, for example, a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, a straight line, and a curve.
- the position of the light detection region is changed by changing the optical path of the optical system of the microscope, the movement of the light detection region is quick, and mechanical vibrations and hydrodynamic actions are applied to the sample solution. Therefore, it is advantageous in that light can be measured in a stable state without the influence of the mechanical action of the luminescent particles to be detected.
- the number of light-emitting particles included in the light detection region may be counted by counting the number of signals (particle counting).
- information on the number density or concentration of the identified luminescent particles in the sample solution can be obtained by combining the number of detected luminescent particles and the amount of movement of the position of the light detection region.
- the number density or concentration ratio of a plurality of sample solutions, or the relative number density or concentration ratio with respect to the standard sample solution serving as a reference for the concentration or number density is calculated, or An absolute number density value or concentration value may be determined using a relative number density or concentration ratio relative to a standard sample solution that is a reference for concentration or number density.
- the total volume of the movement locus of the light detection region position is specified by any method, for example, by moving the position of the light detection region at a predetermined speed, the number density or concentration of the luminescent particles can be reduced. It can be calculated specifically.
- photodetection is performed by detecting the light while moving the position of the photodetection region in the sample solution, and individually detecting a signal from a single luminescent particle.
- the processing of optical analysis technology that detects the light of the luminescent particles multiple times and determines the index value representing the translational diffusion characteristics of the luminescent particles based on the change in the light intensity can also be realized by a general-purpose computer. is there.
- a computer program that periodically moves the position of the light detection region of the microscope optical system along a predetermined path in the sample solution, and moves the position of the light detection region in the sample solution.
- the movement period of the position of the light detection region is measured from the generation time of the signal representing the light of the one light emitting particle.
- the computer implements the above-described procedure by reading a program stored in a storage medium and executing information processing / arithmetic processing.
- the computer-readable recording medium may be a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, a semiconductor memory, or the like.
- the above-described program may be distributed to a computer via a communication line, and the computer that has received this distribution may execute the program.
- the procedure of detecting light from the light detection region and generating time-series light intensity data the number of photons that arrive at every measurement unit time (bin time) is calculated. Light from the light detection area is detected by counting photon counting.
- time-series light intensity data is time-series photon count data.
- the index value representing the translational diffusion characteristics of the luminescent particles includes the intensity value of the signal of one luminescent particle and the movement period of the position of the light detection region before and after the signal of the one luminescent particle.
- a ratio with the sum of intensity values in a time domain separated by a time corresponding to may be employed.
- the individual detection of the signal representing the light from each of the luminescent particles may be performed based on a time-series signal profile.
- a signal having an intensity greater than a predetermined threshold it may be detected that one luminescent particle has entered the light detection region.
- a bell-shaped pulse-like signal having an intensity exceeding a predetermined threshold in the light intensity data may be detected as a signal representing light from a single light emitting particle, and preferably, time-series light
- the intensity data is smoothed, and a bell-shaped pulse signal having an intensity exceeding a predetermined threshold in the smoothed time-series light intensity data may be detected as a signal representing light from a single light emitting particle.
- the presence region of the bell-shaped pulse signal is determined in the time differential value of the smoothed time-series light intensity data, and smoothed in the existence region of the pulse signal.
- a pulse-like signal whose intensity value obtained by fitting a bell-shaped function equation to time-series light intensity data exceeds a predetermined threshold value may be determined as a signal representing light from a single luminescent particle.
- the moving speed of the position of the light detection region in the sample solution may be appropriately changed based on the characteristics of the luminescent particles, the number density or concentration in the sample solution, and preferably in the sample solution.
- the moving speed of the position of the light detection region is set to be higher than the diffusion moving speed of the luminescent particles to be detected.
- the movement cycle of the position of the light detection region is preferably set to be shorter than the time required for the luminescent particles once detected to move a distance corresponding to the size of the light detection region by Brownian motion.
- the position of the light detection region in the sample solution may be moved by an arbitrary method.
- the position of the light detection region is changed by changing the optical path of the optical system of the microscope or moving the position of the sample solution. May be changed.
- the movement trajectory of the position of the light detection region may be arbitrarily set, and may be selected from, for example, a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, a straight line, and a curve.
- a procedure for counting the number of light-emitting particles detected during movement of the position of the light detection region by counting the number of signals from the individually detected light-emitting particles and / or A procedure for determining the number density or concentration of luminescent particles in the sample solution based on the number of detected luminescent particles may be included.
- an optical analysis method for detecting light of individual luminescent particles while moving the position of the photodetection region in the sample solution.
- a method for measuring the diffusion characteristic value of luminescent particles dispersed and moving randomly in a sample solution using an optical system of a confocal microscope or a multiphoton microscope The process of periodically moving the position of the light detection region of the optical system of the microscope along a predetermined path, and the light from the light detection region while moving the position of the light detection region in the sample solution.
- the process of generating light intensity data by measuring the intensity of light the process of individually detecting a signal representing light from a single light emitting particle on the light intensity data, and the light of one detected light emitting particle
- the distance from the generation time of the signal representing the light of the one light emitting particle is separated by a time corresponding to an integral multiple of the moving period of the position of the light detection region Based on intensity values in the time domain
- Method characterized by including the step of determining an index value representing the translational diffusion characteristics of in the light emit
- time-series light intensity data is time-series photon count data. Also in this case, there may be provided a process of determining the type of the luminescent particles based on the index value representing the translational diffusion characteristics of the luminescent particles.
- the index value representing the translational diffusion characteristics of the luminescent particles includes the intensity value of the signal of one luminescent particle and the position of the light detection region before and after the signal of the one luminescent particle.
- a ratio with the sum of intensity values in a time region separated by a time corresponding to the movement period may be employed.
- the individual detection of the signal representing the light from each of the luminescent particles may be performed based on the time-series signal profile.
- a signal having an intensity greater than a predetermined threshold it may be detected that one luminescent particle has entered the light detection region.
- a bell-shaped pulse-like signal having an intensity exceeding a predetermined threshold in the light intensity data may be detected as a signal representing light from a single light emitting particle, and preferably, time-series light
- the intensity data is smoothed, and a bell-shaped pulse signal having an intensity exceeding a predetermined threshold in the smoothed time-series light intensity data may be detected as a signal representing light from a single light emitting particle.
- the presence region of the bell-shaped pulse signal is determined in the time differential value of the smoothed time-series light intensity data, and smoothed in the existence region of the pulse signal.
- a pulse-like signal whose intensity value obtained by fitting a bell-shaped function equation to time-series light intensity data exceeds a predetermined threshold value may be determined as a signal representing light from a single luminescent particle.
- the moving speed of the position of the light detection region in the sample solution may be appropriately changed based on the characteristics of the luminescent particles, the number density or concentration in the sample solution, and preferably in the sample solution.
- the moving speed of the position of the light detection region is set to be higher than the diffusion moving speed of the luminescent particles to be detected.
- the position of the light detection region in the sample solution may be moved by an arbitrary method.
- the position of the light detection region is changed by changing the optical path of the optical system of the microscope or moving the position of the sample solution. May be changed.
- the movement trajectory of the position of the light detection region may be arbitrarily set, and may be selected from, for example, a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, a straight line, and a curve.
- a step of determining the number density or concentration of the luminescent particles in the sample solution based on the number of luminescent particles formed may be included.
- the optical analysis technique of the present invention described above is typically a biological molecule such as a protein, peptide, nucleic acid, lipid, sugar chain, amino acid or aggregate thereof, or a particulate biological object such as a virus or cell. It is used for analysis or analysis of the state of matter in solution, but it may also be used for analysis or analysis of the state of non-biological particles (eg, atoms, molecules, micelles, metal colloids, etc.) in solution. It should be understood that such cases are also within the scope of the present invention.
- a biological molecule such as a protein, peptide, nucleic acid, lipid, sugar chain, amino acid or aggregate thereof, or a particulate biological object such as a virus or cell. It is used for analysis or analysis of the state of matter in solution, but it may also be used for analysis or analysis of the state of non-biological particles (eg, atoms, molecules, micelles, metal colloids, etc.) in solution. It should be understood that such cases are also within the scope of
- the type of luminescent particles can be identified or identified by the translational diffusion characteristics of the luminescent particles in the scanning molecule counting method.
- the sample solution includes a plurality of types of luminescent particles
- different types of luminescent particles having a common emission wavelength can be identified by conventional FCS and FIDA.
- FCS the translational diffusion time is calculated.
- the translational diffusion time represents the diffusion characteristics of the particles, and the translational diffusion time is referred to even in a sample solution in which a plurality of types of luminescent particles having different diffusion characteristics are mixed.
- the average luminescence intensity per single luminescent particle is calculated, and even in a sample solution in which a plurality of types of luminescent particles having different brightness are mixed, the ratio and concentration of the luminescent particles are determined for each type. Can be estimated.
- This advantage is similar to the present invention, but it should be understood that in the case of the present invention, the diffusion characteristic is grasped for each single luminescent particle, and thus the identification is performed for each luminescent particle. Is possible.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an optical analyzer that performs the scanning molecule counting method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of a confocal volume (observation region of a confocal microscope).
- FIG. 1C is a schematic diagram of a mechanism for changing the direction of the mirror 7 to move the position of the light detection region in the sample solution.
- FIG. 1D is a schematic diagram of a mechanism for moving the position of the photodetection region in the sample solution by moving the horizontal position of the microplate.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are a schematic diagram for explaining the principle of light detection in the scanning molecule counting method to which the present invention is applied, and a schematic diagram of time variation of the measured light intensity, respectively.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an optical analyzer that performs the scanning molecule counting method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of a confocal volume (observation region
- FIG. 2C is a schematic diagram of a cross section of the light detection region viewed from the light traveling direction of the microscope, and schematically shows the luminescent particles passing through the light detection region CV.
- FIG. 2D is a schematic diagram of an example of time-series light intensity data measured in the case of (C).
- FIG. 2E shows a spatial distribution of the intensity of light emitted and detected from the luminescent particles in the light detection region.
- FIG. 3A is a schematic perspective view of a spatial region included by movement along a predetermined path in the sample solution of the light detection region CV of the microscope.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of the movement of the luminescent particles in a plane perpendicular to the moving direction of the light detection region during the rotation of the light detection region.
- FIG. 3C is a graph schematically showing the intensity of light from the luminescent particles detected with respect to time when the luminescent particles hardly move while the light detection region circulates a predetermined path. is there.
- FIG. 3D is a schematic diagram of the light detection region for explaining the relationship between the size of the light detection region and the displacement (per one period of the light detection region) due to the Brownian motion of the luminescent particles.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the processing procedure of the scanning molecule counting method executed in accordance with the present invention in the form of a flowchart.
- FIG. 5A and 5B show the case where the luminescent particles traverse the light detection region while performing Brownian motion, and the position of the light detection region in the sample solution at a speed faster than the diffusion movement speed of the luminescent particles. It is a model figure showing the mode of movement of particles when luminous particles cross a photodetection region by moving.
- FIG. 5C shows a detection signal in a processing procedure for detecting a signal corresponding to a single luminescent particle from measured time-series light intensity data (time change of photon count) according to the scanning molecule counting method. It is a figure explaining the example of this signal processing process.
- FIG. 5C shows a detection signal in a processing procedure for detecting a signal corresponding to a single luminescent particle from measured time-series light intensity data (time change of photon count) according to the scanning molecule counting method. It is a figure explaining the example of this signal processing process.
- FIG. 6 shows an actual measurement example (bar graph) of measured photon count data, a curve (dotted line) obtained by smoothing the data, and a Gaussian function (solid line) fitted in the pulse existence region.
- a signal labeled “noise” is ignored as it is a signal due to noise or foreign matter.
- FIG. 7A illustrates the process of determining the translational diffusion feature amount (ratio of the signal intensity of one luminescent particle and the sum of the light intensity values of the time before and after one period of the light detection region) according to the present invention. It is a figure to do.
- FIG. 7B shows a formula, a plot, and a fitting curve of the autocorrelation function of the light intensity calculated for calculating the diffusion coefficient of the issued particles according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8A is a graph showing the average value of the translational diffusion feature amount of the plasmid and the fluorescent dye (TAMRA) measured according to the scanning molecule counting method (Example 1) improved according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8B is a graph showing the histogram (frequency) of the translation diffusion feature amount of (A) in the form of a graph.
- FIG. 9 shows examples of signal intensity (A), autocorrelation function value, and fitting curve (B) of the same luminescent particles measured according to the scanning molecule counting method (Example 2) improved according to the present invention. ing.
- optical analysis apparatus 1 that realizes the optical analysis technique according to the present invention is capable of executing FCS, FIDA, and the like as schematically illustrated in FIG.
- the apparatus may be a combination of an optical system of a confocal microscope and a photodetector.
- optical analysis apparatus 1 includes optical systems 2 to 17 and a computer 18 for controlling the operation of each part of the optical system and acquiring and analyzing data.
- the optical system of the optical analyzer 1 may be the same as the optical system of a normal confocal microscope, in which the laser light (Ex) emitted from the light source 2 and propagated through the single mode fiber 3 is a fiber.
- the light is emitted as a divergent light at an angle determined by a specific NA at the outgoing end of the light, becomes parallel light by the collimator 4, is reflected by the dichroic mirror 5, the reflection mirrors 6, 7, and the objective lens 8. Is incident on.
- a microplate 9 in which a sample container or well 10 into which a sample solution of 1 to several tens of ⁇ L is dispensed is typically arranged is emitted from the objective lens 8.
- the laser light is focused in the sample solution in the sample container or well 10 to form a region with high light intensity (excitation region).
- luminescent particles that are the object of observation typically particles to which luminescent labels such as fluorescent particles or fluorescent dyes have been added are dispersed or dissolved, and these luminescent particles enter the excitation region.
- the luminescent particles are excited and light is emitted.
- the emitted light (Em) passes through the objective lens 8 and the dichroic mirror 5, is reflected by the mirror 11, is collected by the condenser lens 12, passes through the pinhole 13, and passes through the barrier filter 14. (Here, only the light component of a specific wavelength band is selected.), Introduced into the multimode fiber 15, reaches the photodetector 16, is converted into a time-series electrical signal, and then to the computer 18.
- Input and processing for optical analysis is performed in a manner described later.
- the pinhole 13 is disposed at a position conjugate with the focal position of the objective lens 8, and as a result, as shown in FIG. Only the light emitted from the focal region of the laser beam, that is, the excitation region as schematically shown, passes through the pinhole 13, and the light from other than the excitation region is blocked.
- the focal region of the laser beam illustrated in FIG. 1B is usually a light detection region in the present optical analyzer having an effective volume of about 1 to 10 fL (typically, the light intensity is in the region).
- the photodetector 16 is preferably an ultra-high light that can be used for photon counting.
- a sensitive photodetector is used.
- the time-series light intensity data is time-series photon count data.
- a stage position changing device 17a for moving the horizontal position of the microplate 9 may be provided on a microscope stage (not shown) in order to change the well 10 to be observed.
- the operation of the stage position changing device 17a may be controlled by the computer 18. With this configuration, it is possible to achieve quick measurement even when there are a plurality of specimens.
- a mechanism for scanning the sample solution with the light detection region that is, for moving the position of the focal region, that is, the light detection region in the sample solution.
- a mechanism for moving the position of the light detection region for example, a mirror deflector 17 that changes the direction of the reflection mirror 7 may be employed as schematically illustrated in FIG. A method of moving the absolute position of the light detection area).
- Such a mirror deflector 17 may be the same as a galvanometer mirror device provided in a normal laser scanning microscope.
- FIG. 1D the horizontal position of the container 10 (microplate 9) into which the sample solution is injected is moved to detect light in the sample solution.
- the stage position changing device 17a may be operated to move the relative position of the region (a method of moving the absolute position of the sample solution).
- the mirror deflector 17 or the stage position changing device 17a cooperates with the light detection by the light detector 16 under the control of the computer 18 in order to achieve a desired movement pattern of the position of the light detection region.
- the movement trajectory of the position of the light detection region may be arbitrarily selected from a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, a straight line, a curve, or a combination thereof (so that various movement patterns can be selected by the program in the computer 18). It may be.)
- the position of the light detection region may be moved in the vertical direction by moving the objective lens 8 or the stage up and down.
- the above optical system is used as a multiphoton microscope. In that case, since there is light emission only in the focal region (light detection region) of the excitation light, the pinhole 13 may be removed. Further, when the luminescent particles to be observed emit light regardless of excitation light due to chemiluminescence or bioluminescence phenomenon, the optical systems 2 to 5 for generating excitation light may be omitted. When the luminescent particles emit light by phosphorescence or scattering, the optical system of the confocal microscope is used as it is.
- a plurality of excitation light sources 2 may be provided, and the wavelength of the excitation light may be appropriately selected according to the excitation wavelength of the luminescent particles.
- a plurality of photodetectors 16 may be provided, and when a plurality of types of luminescent particles having different wavelengths are included in the sample, light from them can be detected separately according to the wavelength. It may be.
- light detection light polarized in a predetermined direction may be used as excitation light, and a component in a direction perpendicular to the polarization direction of excitation light may be selected as detection light.
- a polarizer (not shown) is inserted in the excitation light optical path, and the polarization beam splitter 14a is inserted in the detection light optical path. According to this configuration, it is possible to significantly reduce the background light in the detection light.
- the computer 18 includes a CPU and a memory, and the CPU executes various arithmetic processes to execute the procedure of the present invention. Each procedure may be configured by hardware. All or a part of the processing described in the present embodiment may be executed by the computer 18 using a computer-readable storage medium storing a program for realizing the processing. That is, the computer 18 may realize the processing procedure of the present invention by reading a program stored in a storage medium and executing information processing / calculation processing.
- the computer-readable recording medium may be a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, a semiconductor memory, or the like.
- the above-mentioned program is distributed to a computer via a communication line. The computer that has received the distribution may execute the program.
- the optical analysis technique of the present invention in short, in the scanning molecule counting method, The position is periodically moved along a predetermined path, the light of the same luminescent particle is detected multiple times, and an index value representing the translational diffusion characteristic of the luminescent particle is determined based on the change of the light intensity. In this way, the type of each luminescent particle can be identified or identified by the index value representing such translational diffusion characteristics.
- the principle of calculation of the index value representing the translational diffusion characteristic of the scanning molecule counting method of the present invention will be described.
- the light detection region CV moves (time to to t2 in the figure) and passes through the region where one light emitting particle exists (t1), light is emitted from the light emitting particle, A pulse-like signal having a significant light intensity (Em) appears on the time-series light intensity data as depicted in FIG.
- Em significant light intensity
- the movement of the position of the light detection region CV and the light detection are executed, and pulse-like signals (significant light intensity) appearing in the meantime illustrated in FIG. 2B are detected one by one.
- the luminescent particles are individually detected, and the number of the luminescent particles is counted to obtain information on the number, concentration, or number density of the luminescent particles present in the measured region.
- the intensity distribution of the excitation light in the light detection region and / or the objective lens passes through the pinhole and reaches the light detector. Due to the characteristics of the optical system described above, the intensity of the light emitted from the luminescent particles passing through the light detection region and reaching the photodetector varies depending on the position of the luminescent particles in the light detection region CV. Typically, the intensity distribution of light emitted from the light detection region and reaching the light detector is approximately at the center of the light detection region (condensing region) as illustrated in FIG.
- maximum intensity point It becomes maximum (hereinafter, the point of maximum intensity is referred to as “maximum intensity point”), and has a bell-shaped distribution with respect to the radial distance (radius r) from the maximum intensity point. That is, even if the light-emitting particles have the same brightness (light-emitting particles having substantially the same light emission intensity when observed under the same conditions), the detected light intensity differs depending on the position through which the light-emitting particles pass. For example, as shown in FIG. 2C, when the light emitting particles ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ having the same brightness cross the light detection region CV at the illustrated position, the light intensity of the light emitting particle ⁇ passing through the approximate center of the light detection region.
- the absolute intensity value of the signal of the luminescent particles is not a unique value of the luminescent particles, and the difference in the intensity values cannot be directly used for identifying or identifying the type of the luminescent particles.
- the absolute intensity value of the signal of the luminescent particles cannot be used as it is for identifying or identifying the type of the luminescent particles, but is mentioned in the “Summary of Invention” section.
- the change in the intensity value of the signal of the same luminescent particle reflects the change in the position of the luminescent particle. The change in the position of the luminescent particle depends on the Brownian motion of the luminescent particle, and the speed of the change in the position depends on the translational diffusion characteristic of the luminescent particle.
- the change in the signal intensity of the same luminescent particles is detected while the position of the light detection region is revolving, and the translation of the luminescent particles is detected from the change in the signal of the same luminescent particles.
- An attempt is made to calculate an index value representing diffusion characteristics and use it for identification or identification of the type of luminescent particles.
- the light detection region (CV) passes through a predetermined path (for example, a ring with a radius R) in the sample solution. It is circulated. At that time, the light detection region is detected until the light detection particle is detected before the light emission particle once detected (the light emission particle included in the light detection region) deviates from the space region through which the light detection region passes. The movement period (tcycle) of the light detection region is adjusted so as to arrive. Then, as long as the same luminescent particles exist in the spatial region through which the photodetection region passes while the photodetection region goes around the predetermined path, the signal is transmitted as shown in FIG.
- a predetermined path for example, a ring with a radius R
- the detection region is periodically detected corresponding to the movement cycle tcycle of the detection region, and the signal intensity thereof varies depending on the position of the luminescent particle corresponding to the movement of the position of the luminescent particle due to Brownian motion (see FIG. 3B). Then, the change in the position of the luminescent particles, that is, the faster the movement, the greater the change in the signal intensity. Therefore, the translational diffusion characteristics of the luminescent particles are determined from the change in the signal intensity. Specific processing for calculating the index value representing the translational diffusion characteristics of the luminescent particles will be described later.
- the signal of the same luminescent particles is It becomes difficult to capture every rotation of the light detection region. This is because, if the moving direction of the luminescent particles once included in the light detection region coincides with the passage region (predetermined path) of the light detection region, it is included again in the light detection region after the circulation of the light detection region.
- the luminescent particles move in a random direction, when the (average) displacement of the luminescent particles in one period of the photodetection region is large enough to exceed the size of the photodetection region, the luminescent particles are This is because, after being included by the light detection region, it is highly likely that the light detection region deviates from the passage region of the light detection region and is not included again by the light detection region after the light detection region circulates. Therefore, in order to capture a periodic signal in order to reliably achieve the above calculation of the diffusion coefficient D, as illustrated in FIG. 3D, the luminescent particles in the light detection region moving period tcycle are illustrated.
- the movement period tcycle of the light detection region may be adjusted so that the condition of the above formula (1) is satisfied in the expected diffusion coefficient of the luminescent particles to be inspected. .
- FIG. 4 shows processing in the present embodiment expressed in the form of a flowchart.
- the particles to be observed in the optical analysis technique of the present invention are arbitrary as long as they are dispersed particles in the sample solution and move randomly in the solution, such as dissolved molecules.
- biomolecules such as proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, lipids, sugar chains, amino acids or aggregates thereof, viruses, cells, metal colloids, other non-biological molecules, etc. It's okay.
- a luminescent label fluorescent molecule, phosphorescent molecule, chemical / bioluminescent molecule
- the sample solution is typically an aqueous solution, but is not limited thereto, and may be an organic solvent or any other liquid.
- the light intensity in the optical analysis by the scanning molecule counting method of the present embodiment is measured by driving the mirror deflector 17 or the stage position changing device 17a during the measurement to move the position of the light detection region in the sample solution.
- it may be executed in the same manner as the light intensity measurement process in FCS or FIDA.
- the operation process typically, after injecting the sample solution into the well 10 of the microplate 9 and placing it on the stage of the microscope, the user inputs an instruction to start measurement to the computer 18.
- the computer 18 stores a program stored in a storage device (not shown) (procedure for moving the position of the light detection region in the sample solution, and from the light detection region during movement of the position of the light detection region).
- a program stored in a storage device (not shown) (procedure for moving the position of the light detection region in the sample solution, and from the light detection region during movement of the position of the light detection region).
- irradiation of excitation light and measurement of light intensity in the light detection region in the sample solution are started.
- the mirror deflector 17 or the stage position changing device 17a drives the mirror 7 (galvanomirror) or the microplate 9 on the stage of the microscope, and the wells.
- the position of the light detection region is moved, and at the same time, the light detector 16 sequentially converts the detected light into an electric signal and transmits it to the computer 18.
- time-series light intensity data is generated from the transmitted signal and stored.
- the photodetector 16 is an ultra-sensitive photodetector that can detect the arrival of one photon, and therefore when the light detection is based on photon counting, the time-series light intensity data is a time-series data. It may be photon count data. The bin time in photon counting is set appropriately so that the bell-shaped features of the signal profile are not lost.
- the moving speed of the position of the light detection region in the scanning molecule counting method, in general, in order to carry out individual detection of luminescent particles from measured time-series light intensity data quantitatively and accurately.
- the moving speed of the position of the light detection region during the measurement of the light intensity is set to a value faster than the random movement of the luminescent particles, that is, the moving speed due to the Brownian movement.
- the moving speed of the position of the light detection region is slower than the movement of the particle due to Brownian motion, the particle moves randomly within the region as schematically illustrated in FIG.
- the light intensity changes randomly, and it becomes difficult to specify a significant light intensity change (a signal representing light from the light emitting particles) corresponding to each light emitting particle.
- the particles cross the light detection region in a substantially straight line, so that the light intensity corresponding to each particle in the time-series light intensity data.
- the profile of the light intensity change is substantially the same as the excitation light intensity distribution. See the upper part of FIG. 6A.
- the moving speed of the position of the light detection region is set faster than the average moving speed (diffuse moving speed) due to the Brownian motion of the particles.
- the moving speed of the position of the light detection region may be set to 15 mm / s, which is 10 times or more.
- various movement speeds of the position of the light detection region are set, and the profile of the change in light intensity is expected to be expected (typically, the excitation light intensity distribution and Preliminary experiments for finding conditions that are substantially the same) may be repeatedly performed to determine a suitable moving speed of the position of the light detection region.
- the signal it has corresponds to the passage of one particle through the light detection region and one luminescent particle may be detected.
- a signal whose light intensity does not exceed the threshold value Ith or whose time width ⁇ is not within a predetermined range is determined as a noise or foreign matter signal.
- the light intensity profile corresponds to the passage of one particle through the light detection region, and one luminescent particle may be detected.
- a signal whose intensity A and width a are outside the predetermined range is determined as a noise or foreign object signal and may be ignored in the subsequent analysis or the like.
- smoothing is performed on the light intensity data (FIG. 5C, “detection result (unprocessed)” at the uppermost stage).
- Is performed (step 110 in FIG. 4 and “smoothing” in the upper part of FIG. 5C).
- the smoothing process may be performed by a moving average method, for example.
- the parameters for executing the smoothing process are the moving speed (scanning of the position of the light detection region at the time of acquiring the light intensity data Speed) and BIN TIME may be set as appropriate.
- a primary differential value with respect to time of the light intensity data is calculated (step 120).
- the time differential value of the light intensity data as illustrated in the lower “time differential” in FIG. 5C, the change in the value at the time of change of the signal value becomes large, so the time differential value is referred to.
- the significant signal start and end points can be advantageously determined.
- step 130 significant pulse signals are sequentially detected on the light intensity data. Specifically, first, the start and end points of one pulse signal are searched and determined sequentially on the time differential value data of the light intensity data to identify the pulse existence region. (Step 130). When one pulse existence area is specified, a bell-shaped function fitting is performed on the smoothed light intensity data in the pulse existence area (FIG. 5 (C) lower stage “bell-shaped function fitting”). Parameters such as the intensity Ipeak of the peak (maximum value) of the pulse of the bell-shaped function, the pulse width (full width at half maximum) Wpeak, and the correlation coefficient (of the least square method) in the fitting are calculated (step 140).
- the bell-shaped function to be fitted is typically a Gaussian function, but may be a Lorentz-type function. Whether or not the calculated bell-shaped function parameter is within a range assumed for the bell-shaped profile parameter drawn by the pulse signal detected when one luminescent particle passes through the light detection region, That is, whether the pulse peak intensity, pulse width, and correlation coefficient are each within a predetermined range, for example, the following conditions: 20 ⁇ sec ⁇ pulse width ⁇ 400 ⁇ sec peak intensity> 1.0 [pc / 10 ⁇ s] (A) Correlation coefficient> 0.95 Whether or not the condition is satisfied is determined (step 150). Thus, as shown in the left of FIG.
- the signal determined that the calculated bell-shaped function parameter is within the range assumed in the signal corresponding to one luminescent particle is one luminescent particle.
- one luminescent particle is detected.
- a pulse signal whose calculated bell-shaped function parameter is not within the assumed range is ignored as noise. Note that the counting of the number of signals, that is, the counting of the luminescent particles may be performed simultaneously with the detection of the signal of the luminescent particles.
- the search and determination of the pulse signal in the processing of the above steps 130 to 150 may be repeatedly executed over the entire area of the light intensity data (step 160).
- the process which detects the signal of a luminescent particle separately from light intensity data is not restricted to said procedure, You may perform by arbitrary methods.
- index value indicating translational diffusion characteristics of luminescent particles (step 170) As described above, when individual detection of the signal of the luminescent particles is performed, an index indicating the translational diffusion characteristics of each luminescent particle using the change in light intensity from each luminescent particle during the circular movement of the light detection region. The value is calculated.
- the index value includes (i) the intensity value of the signal of one luminescent particle and the intensity value in a time domain separated by a time corresponding to the movement period of the position of the photodetection area before and after the signal of the one luminescent particle. (Ii) the diffusion coefficient of the luminescent particles may be employed. Hereinafter, the calculation process of each index value will be described.
- the light detection region is periodically circulated through a predetermined path.
- the light intensity value from the same spatial region is measured for each movement period of the light detection region. Accordingly, a time region that is a time before the time corresponding to the movement period of the light detection region and a time corresponding to the movement period of the light detection region, calculated from the generation time of each signal of the luminescent particles detected up to step 160.
- the light intensity values in the later time domain reflect the state before and after one cycle of the space where the luminescent particles corresponding to each signal existed, and the position of the luminescent particles in the space. Determined by.
- the light intensity value of the signal of the luminescent particles, and the light intensity values in the previous time region and the subsequent time region by the time corresponding to the moving period of the light detection region, as calculated from the generation time of the signal By comparing the above, it is possible to estimate the ease of changing the position of the luminescent particles in the movement period of the light detection region, that is, the ease of translational diffusion of the luminescent particles.
- the signal intensity values of the signals detected up to step 160 and the signal values before and after each signal.
- the translational diffusion feature amount is the number of photons pc in the pulse existence region of the signal of one luminescent particle, and the time region ⁇ Tf that is the previous time by the time corresponding to the moving period of the position of the light detection region.
- (Translational diffusion feature amount) (p ⁇ 1 + p +1 ) / pc (6) May be defined by Note that the widths of the time regions ⁇ Tf and ⁇ Tr may be arbitrarily set experimentally or theoretically, and are typically required for the light detection region to pass a distance corresponding to the maximum diameter of the light detection region. It may be time. According to this translational diffusion feature amount, as shown schematically in FIG. 7A, in the case of relatively large particles (left figure), the moving speed due to Brownian motion is slow and stays in the same space region.
- the translational diffusion feature amount represents the translational diffusion characteristic of the luminescent particles and is a value unique to the luminescent particles, and thus can be used for identifying or identifying the type of the luminescent particles.
- such a change in light intensity reflects a change in position in the radial direction from the maximum intensity point of the light detection area of the luminescent particles, and since the light detection area has moved in one direction, It can be considered that the change in the peak intensity of the signal is due to the translational diffusion movement of the luminescent particles in the plane perpendicular to the moving direction of the light detection region as illustrated in FIG.
- a set of signals appearing at each movement period of the light detection region is extracted from the signal of the luminescent particles detected up to step 160.
- a signal of one luminescent particle is selected, and the time corresponding to an integral multiple of the movement period of the position of the light detection region is calculated from the generation time of the signal.
- a signal of luminescent particles existing in a time region separated by a distance may be selected as a signal of the same luminescent particle, and may be a set of signals of one luminescent particle. Further, such an operation is performed over the entire time-series light intensity data.
- a plurality of signal sets of a single luminescent particle may be extracted from one time-series light intensity data.
- the autocorrelation function value of the light intensity of each set is calculated by the equation (9).
- the theoretical formula (dotted line in the figure) derived from the described translational diffusion model is fitted to the autocorrelation function value (plot point in the figure), and the diffusion coefficient D is calculated.
- the autocorrelation function value may be calculated (therefore, the number of numerator terms in equation (9) decreases with the magnitude of ⁇ ).
- the number of light intensity values for calculating the autocorrelation function value and the number of calculated autocorrelation function values are relatively small, and the expression (7) , (8) is difficult to fit well.
- the second term that is a term characterizing the change in the theoretical formula (8) may be fitted to the autocorrelation function value. That is, an equation obtained by modifying equation (8) as follows may be used as the fitting equation.
- K is a constant and is determined by fitting.
- a function value obtained by multiplying the diffusion coefficient by a constant may be calculated, and it should be understood that such a case also belongs to the scope of the present invention. It is.
- the above (i) translational diffusion feature amount or (ii) diffusion coefficient (or a function value thereof) is determined for each luminescent particle.
- these values can be specific values of the luminescent particles, and therefore these types can identify or identify the type of each luminescent particle.
- the computer 18 performs various analyzes such as the calculation of the concentration of the luminescent particles by the processing according to the program stored in the storage device. May be executed.
- the total volume of the region through which the photodetection region passes can be calculated by any method.
- the number density or concentration of the luminescent particles in the sample solution is determined from the volume value and the number of the luminescent particles.
- the total volume of the region through which the light detection region passes may be theoretically calculated based on the wavelength of the excitation light or detection light, the numerical aperture of the lens, and the adjustment state of the optical system.
- a solution having a known particle concentration (control solution) was detected by measuring the light intensity, detecting the luminescent particles, and counting as described above under the same conditions as the measurement of the sample solution to be examined.
- It may be determined from the number of luminescent particles and the concentration of luminescent particles in the control solution. Specifically, for example, for a control solution having a concentration C of luminescent particles, if the number of detected luminescent particles in the control solution is N, the total volume Vt of the region through which the photodetection region has passed is Vt N / C (11) Given by.
- a control solution a plurality of solutions having different concentrations of luminescent particles are prepared, measurement is performed for each, and the calculated average value of Vt is adopted as the total volume Vt of the region through which the light detection region has passed. It may be like this.
- the volume of the light detection region and the total volume of the region through which the light detection region has passed are given by any method, for example, using FCS or FIDA, without depending on the above method. It's okay.
- the relationship between the concentration C of various standard luminescent particles and the number N of luminescent particles (formula (12)) regarding the assumed movement pattern of the light detection region. ) May be stored in advance in the storage device of the computer 18 so that the user can use the information stored as appropriate when the user of the device performs optical analysis.
- the type or identification of a single luminescent particle can be made by identifying or identifying the type of luminescent particles by means of the translational diffusion feature quantity or diffusion coefficient. It can be determined every time.
- the translational diffusion feature amount defined by the equation (6) was calculated for each signal of the luminescent particles detected on the time-series light intensity data.
- a solution containing phosphorescent buffer TAMRA (MW 430.45, Sigma-Aldrich Cat. No. C2734) as a luminescent particle at 100 fM in a phosphate buffer (containing 0.05% Tween 20), phosphorus A solution containing SYTOX Orange (pbr322 2.9MDa Takara Bio Inc. Cat. No. 3035) and 10 nM DNA intercalator fluorescent dye SYTOX Orange (Invitrogen Cat. No. S-11368) in acid buffer It binds to a single plasmid to form a single luminescent particle).
- TAMRA MW 430.45, Sigma-Aldrich Cat. No. C2734
- a single molecule fluorescence measurement device MF20 (Olympus Corporation) equipped with an optical system of a confocal fluorescence microscope and a photon counting system is used as an optical analysis device, and the above-mentioned “(2) Sample solution
- time-series light intensity data photon count data
- laser light of 543 nm was used as excitation light
- light in a wavelength band of 560 to 620 nm was measured using a bandpass filter to generate time-series photon count data.
- the moving speed of the position of the light detection region in the sample solution was 6000 rpm (15 mm / second), BIN TIME was 10 ⁇ sec, and measurement was performed for 2 seconds.
- the time region ⁇ Tf that is the time corresponding to the movement period of the position of the light detection region is a section 10.05 to 9.95 milliseconds before the peak of the signal, and is the time corresponding to the movement period of the position of the light detection region.
- the time region ⁇ Tr just after is defined as a section 9.95 to 10.05 ms after the peak of the signal.
- FIG. 8 (A) shows the average value (bar graph) and standard deviation (error bar) of the translational diffusion features of the fluorescent dye molecule TAMRA and the plasmid stained with SYTOX Orange
- FIG. 8 (B) shows the translation.
- the frequency of occurrence of the diffusion feature amount (histogram) is shown.
- the average (0.87) translational diffusion feature amount of the large and slow-moving plasmid is the translational diffusion feature amount of the small and fast-moving fluorescent dye molecule TAMRA. The value was much larger than the average value (0.18).
- the overlapping portion of the histogram between the translational diffusion feature amount of the plasmid and the translational diffusion feature amount of the fluorescent dye molecule TAMRA was small.
- the fluorescent dye molecule TAMRA out of the signals below the reference value (the signal determined as the fluorescent dye molecule TAMRA signal).
- the plasmid signal was 89%. This result shows that the type of two luminescent particles can be substantially distinguished by the translational diffusion feature amount.
- each luminescent particle signal detected on the time-series light intensity data is diffused for each luminescent particle by the process described in “(ii) Calculation of diffusion coefficient of luminescent particle”. The coefficient was calculated.
- phosphate buffer containing 0.05% Tween20
- phosphate buffer with 1 pM plasmid pbr322 2.9MDa Takara Bio Inc. Cat. No. 3035
- 10 nM DNA intercalator fluorescent dye SYTOX A solution containing Orange (Invitrogen Cat. No. S-11368) was prepared.
- the light measurement and the individual detection of the luminescent particle signal were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. However, 633 nm laser light was used as excitation light.
- a set of signals of the same luminescent particles is extracted, and the autocorrelation function value of Expression (9) is calculated for each set, and the calculated autocorrelation function value is calculated.
- the equation (10) was fitted to calculate the diffusion coefficient D and the minor axis diameter Wo of the light detection region.
- AR in Formula (10) was set to 3.5.
- FIG. 9A shows an example of the peak intensity of each signal in the signal set identified as the signal of the same luminescent particle among the luminescent particle signals detected in the time-series light intensity data.
- FIG. 9B shows the autocorrelation function value (plot point) and fitting curve (dotted line) of the peak intensity of the corresponding signal set, respectively.
- Equation (10) was well fitted to the autocorrelation function value.
- the calculated diffusion coefficient D and the minor axis diameter Wo of the light detection region were as follows.
- the plasmid used for the measurement is considered to have a molecular shape in an aqueous solution between a spherical shape and a rod shape, and its diffusion coefficient is theoretically estimated to be 4.2 to 22 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 m 2 / s. Therefore, the above results agreed with the theoretical estimate.
- the radius (Wo) of the light detection region (confocal volume) is about 0.4 ⁇ m by design, the above result almost coincided with the design value. From these results, in the scanning molecule counting method, it is possible to detect the signal of the same luminescent particle multiple times and to calculate the diffusion coefficient of the luminescent particle. It was shown that it was possible to identify light-emitting particles by obtaining information on various characteristics, that is, size (molecular weight, morphology).
- an index representing the translational diffusion characteristics of luminescent particles in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement of the light detection region in the scanning molecule counting method It has been shown that values can be determined individually for each luminescent particle and that such index values can be used in identifying or identifying the type of luminescent particle.
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Abstract
Description
2…光源
3…シングルモードオプティカルファイバー
4…コリメータレンズ
5…ダイクロイックミラー
6、7、11…反射ミラー
8…対物レンズ
9…マイクロプレート
10…ウェル(試料溶液容器)
12…コンデンサーレンズ
13…ピンホール
14…バリアフィルター
14a…ダイクロイックミラー等
15…マルチモードオプティカルファイバー
16…光検出器
17…ミラー偏向器
17a…ステージ位置変更装置
18…コンピュータ
本発明による光分析技術を実現する光分析装置は、基本的な構成に於いて、図1(A)に模式的に例示されている如き、FCS、FIDA等が実行可能な共焦点顕微鏡の光学系と光検出器とを組み合わせてなる装置であってよい。同図を参照して、光分析装置1は、光学系2~17と、光学系の各部の作動を制御すると共にデータを取得し解析するためのコンピュータ18とから構成される。光分析装置1の光学系は、通常の共焦点顕微鏡の光学系と同様であってよく、そこに於いて、光源2から放射されシングルモードファイバー3内を伝播したレーザー光(Ex)が、ファイバーの出射端に於いて固有のNAにて決まった角度にて発散する光となって放射され、コリメーター4によって平行光となり、ダイクロイックミラー5、反射ミラー6、7にて反射され、対物レンズ8へ入射される。対物レンズ8の上方には、典型的には、1~数十μLの試料溶液が分注される試料容器又はウェル10が配列されたマイクロプレート9が配置されており、対物レンズ8から出射したレーザー光は、試料容器又はウェル10内の試料溶液中で焦点を結び、光強度の強い領域(励起領域)が形成される。試料溶液中には、観測対象物である発光粒子、典型的には、蛍光性粒子又は蛍光色素等の発光標識が付加された粒子が分散又は溶解されており、かかる発光粒子が励起領域に進入すると、その間、発光粒子が励起され光が放出される。放出された光(Em)は、対物レンズ8、ダイクロイックミラー5を通過し、ミラー11にて反射してコンデンサーレンズ12にて集光され、ピンホール13を通過し、バリアフィルター14を透過して(ここで、特定の波長帯域の光成分のみが選択される。)、マルチモードファイバー15に導入されて、光検出器16に到達し、時系列の電気信号に変換された後、コンピュータ18へ入力され、後に説明される態様にて光分析のための処理が為される。なお、当業者に於いて知られている如く、上記の構成に於いて、ピンホール13は、対物レンズ8の焦点位置と共役の位置に配置されており、これにより、図1(B)に模式的に示されている如きレーザー光の焦点領域、即ち、励起領域内から発せられた光のみがピンホール13を通過し、励起領域以外からの光は遮断される。図1(B)に例示されたレーザー光の焦点領域は、通常、1~10fL程度の実効体積を有する本光分析装置に於ける光検出領域であり(典型的には、光強度が領域の中心を頂点とするガウス様分布となる。実効体積は、光強度が中心光強度の1/e2となる面を境界とする略楕円球体の体積である。)、コンフォーカル・ボリュームと称される。また、本発明では、1つの発光粒子からの光、例えば、一つの蛍光色素分子からの微弱光が検出されるので、光検出器16としては、好適には、フォトンカウンティングに使用可能な超高感度の光検出器が用いられる。光の検出がフォトンカウンティングによる場合、光強度の測定は、所定時間に亘って、逐次的に、計測単位時間(BIN TIME)毎に、光検出器に到来するフォトンの数を計測する態様にて実行される。従って、この場合、時系列の光強度のデータは、時系列のフォトンカウントデータである。また、顕微鏡のステージ(図示せず)には、観察するべきウェル10を変更するべく、マイクロプレート9の水平方向位置を移動するためのステージ位置変更装置17aが設けられていてよい。ステージ位置変更装置17aの作動は、コンピュータ18により制御されてよい。かかる構成により、検体が複数在る場合にも、迅速な計測が達成可能となる。
「発明の概要」の欄に記載されている如く、本発明の光分析技術に於いては、端的に述べれば、走査分子計数法に於いて、光検出領域の位置を所定の経路に沿って周期的に移動し、同一の発光粒子の光を複数回に亘って検出し、その光強度の変化に基づいてその発光粒子の並進拡散特性を表す指標値を決定し、これにより、かかる並進拡散特性を表す指標値によって、各発光粒子の種類の識別又は同定を可能にする。以下、本発明の走査分子計数法及びの並進拡散特性を表す指標値の算定の原理について説明する。
走査分子計数法に於いて実行される基本的な処理に於いては、特許文献9~11に記載されている如く、端的に述べれば、光検出領域の位置を移動するための機構(ミラー偏向器17)を駆動して光路を変更し、或いは、試料溶液が注入されている容器10(マイクロプレート9)の水平方向の位置を移動して、図2(A)にて模式的に描かれているように、試料溶液内に於いて光検出領域CVの位置を移動しながら、即ち、光検出領域CVにより試料溶液内を走査しながら、光検出が実行される。そうすると、例えば、光検出領域CVが移動する間(図中、時間to~t2)に於いて1つの発光粒子の存在する領域を通過する際(t1)には、発光粒子から光が放出され、図2(B)に描かれている如き時系列の光強度データ上に有意な光強度(Em)のパルス状の信号が出現することとなる。かくして、上記の光検出領域CVの位置の移動と光検出を実行し、その間に出現する図2(B)に例示されている如きパルス状の信号(有意な光強度)を一つずつ検出することによって、発光粒子が個別に検出され、その数をカウントすることにより、計測された領域内に存在する発光粒子の数、或いは、濃度若しくは数密度に関する情報が取得できることとなる。かかる走査分子計数法の原理に於いては、蛍光強度のゆらぎの算出の如き統計的な演算処理は行われず、発光粒子が一つずつ検出されるので、従前のFCS、FIDA等では十分な精度にて分析ができないほど、観測されるべき粒子の濃度が低い試料溶液でも、粒子の濃度若しくは数密度に関する情報が取得可能である。
上記の如く、発光粒子の信号の絶対的な強度値は、そのまま、発光粒子の種類の識別又は同定に利用できないが、「発明の概要」の欄に於いて触れた如く、同一の発光粒子の信号の強度値の変化は、発光粒子の位置の変化を反映したものとなっている。発光粒子の位置の変化は、発光粒子のブラウン運動に依るものであり、その位置の変化の速さは、その発光粒子の並進拡散特性に依存する。そこで、本発明に於いては、光検出領域の位置が周回移動する間に於ける同一の発光粒子の信号の強度の変化を検出し、かかる同一の発光粒子の信号の変化から発光粒子の並進拡散特性を表す指標値を算定し、発光粒子の種類の識別又は同定に利用することが試みられる。
(2r)2>2δ・D・tcycle …(1)
(ここで、δは、次元であり、ここでは、δ=3である。)
を満たすよう調整される。なお、実際の測定に於いては、検査されるべき発光粒子の予想される拡散係数に於いて、上記の式(1)の条件が成立するよう光検出領域の移動周期tcycleが調整されてよい。
図1(A)に例示の光分析装置1を用いた本発明に従った走査分子計数法の実施形態に於いては、具体的には、(1)発光粒子を含む試料溶液の調製、(2)試料溶液の光強度の測定処理、(3)発光粒子信号の検出処理及び(4)発光粒子の並進拡散特性を表す指標値の算定処理が実行される。図4は、フローチャートの形式にて表した本実施形態に於ける処理を示している。
本発明の光分析技術の観測対象物となる粒子は、溶解された分子等の、試料溶液中にて分散し溶液中にてランダムに運動する粒子であれば、任意のものであってよく、例えば、タンパク質、ペプチド、核酸、脂質、糖鎖、アミノ酸若しくはこれらの凝集体などの生体分子、ウイルス、細胞、或いは、金属コロイド、その他の非生物学的分子などであってよい。観測対象物となる粒子が光を発する粒子でない場合には、発光標識(蛍光分子、りん光分子、化学・生物発光分子)が観測対象物となる粒子に任意の態様にて付加されたものが用いられる。試料溶液は、典型的には水溶液であるが、これに限定されず、有機溶媒その他の任意の液体であってよい。
本実施形態の走査分子計数法による光分析に於ける光強度の測定は、測定中にミラー偏向器17又はステージ位置変更装置17aを駆動して、試料溶液内での光検出領域の位置の移動(試料溶液内の走査)を行う他は、FCS又はFIDAに於ける光強度の測定過程と同様の態様にて実行されてよい。操作処理に於いて、典型的には、マイクロプレート9のウェル10に試料溶液を注入して顕微鏡のステージ上に載置した後、使用者がコンピュータ18に対して、測定の開始の指示を入力すると、コンピュータ18は、記憶装置(図示せず)に記憶されたプログラム(試料溶液内に於いて光検出領域の位置を移動する手順と、光検出領域の位置の移動中に光検出領域からの光を検出して時系列の光強度データを生成する手順)に従って、試料溶液内の光検出領域に於ける励起光の照射及び光強度の計測が開始される。かかる計測中、コンピュータ18のプログラムに従った処理動作の制御下、ミラー偏向器17又はステージ位置変更装置17aは、ミラー7(ガルバノミラー)又は顕微鏡のステージ上のマイクロプレート9を駆動して、ウェル10内に於いて光検出領域の位置の移動を実行し、これと同時に光検出器16は、逐次的に検出された光を電気信号に変換してコンピュータ18へ送信し、コンピュータ18では、任意の態様にて、送信された信号から時系列の光強度データを生成して保存する。なお、典型的には、光検出器16は、一光子の到来を検出できる超高感度光検出器であるので、光の検出が、フォトンカウンティングによる場合、時系列光強度データは、時系列のフォトンカウントデータであってよい。フォトンカウンティングに於けるビンタイムは、信号のプロファイルの釣鐘状の特徴が失われないように適宜設定される。
(2r)2=6D・Δτ …(2)
から、
Δτ=(2r)2/6D …(3)
となるので、発光粒子がブラウン運動により移動する速度(拡散移動速度)Vdifは、概ね、
Vdif=2r/Δτ=3D/r …(4)
となる。そこで、光検出領域の位置の移動速度は、かかるVdifを参照して、それよりも十分に早い値に設定されてよい。例えば、発光粒子の拡散係数が、D=2.0×10-10m2/s程度であると予想される場合には、rが、0.62μm程度だとすると、Vdifは、1.0×10-3m/sとなるので、光検出領域の位置の移動速度は、その10倍以上の15mm/sと設定されてよい。なお、発光粒子の拡散係数が未知の場合には、光検出領域の位置の移動速度を種々設定して光強度の変化のプロファイルが、予想されるプロファイル(典型的には、励起光強度分布と略同様)となる条件を見つけるための予備実験を繰り返し実行して、好適な光検出領域の位置の移動速度が決定されてよい。
時系列光強度データが生成されると、まず、光強度データ上にて、発光粒子の信号を個別に検出する処理が実行される。既に触れた如く、一つの発光粒子の光検出領域を通過する際の軌跡が、図5(B)に示されている如く略直線状である場合、その粒子に対応する信号に於ける光強度データ上での光強度の変化は、光学系により決定される光検出領域内の光強度分布を反映した略釣鐘状のプロファイルを有する。従って、走査分子計数法では、基本的には、光強度データ上で、適宜設定される閾値Ithを超える光強度値が継続する時間幅Δτが所定の範囲にあるとき、その光強度のプロファイルを有する信号が一つの粒子が光検出領域を通過したことに対応すると判定され、一つの発光粒子の検出が為されるようになっていてよい。そして、光強度が閾値Ithを超えないか、時間幅Δτが所定の範囲にない信号は、ノイズ又は異物の信号として判定される。また、光検出領域の光強度分布が、ガウス分布:
I=A・exp(-2t2/a2) …(5)
であると仮定できるときには、有意な光強度のプロファイル(バックグラウンドでないと明らかに判断できるプロファイル)に対して式(5)をフィッティングして算出された強度A及び幅aが所定の範囲内にあるとき、その光強度のプロファイルが一つの粒子が光検出領域を通過したことに対応すると判定され、一つの発光粒子の検出が為されてよい。(強度A及び幅aが所定の範囲外にある信号は、ノイズ又は異物の信号として判定され、その後の分析等に於いて無視されてよい。)
20μ秒<パルス幅<400μ秒
ピーク強度>1.0[pc/10μs] …(A)
相関係数>0.95
を満たすか否か等が判定される(ステップ150)。かくして、図6左に示されている如く、算出された釣鐘型関数のパラメータが一つの発光粒子に対応する信号に於いて想定される範囲内にあると判定された信号は、一つの発光粒子に対応する信号であると判定され、これにより、一つの発光粒子が検出されたこととなる。一方、図6右に示されている如く、算出された釣鐘型関数のパラメータが想定される範囲内になかったパルス信号は、ノイズとして無視される。なお、発光粒子の信号の検出と同時に信号数のカウンティング、即ち、発光粒子のカウンティングが実行されてよい。
上記の如く、発光粒子の信号の個別検出が為されると、光検出領域の周回移動の間の各発光粒子からの光強度の変化を利用して、各発光粒子の並進拡散特性を表す指標値が算定される。かかる指標値としては、(i)一つの発光粒子の信号の強度値とその一つの発光粒子の信号の前後の光検出領域の位置の移動周期に相当する時間だけ離れた時間領域内の強度値の和との比(以下、「並進拡散特長量」と称する。)、或いは、(ii)発光粒子の拡散係数のいずれかが採用されてよい。以下、それぞれの指標値の算定処理について説明する。
図3に関連して説明されている如く、光検出領域は、所定の経路を周期的に循環させられるので、時系列光強度データに於いて、光検出領域の移動周期毎に、同一の空間領域からの光強度値が計測されている。従って、ステップ160までに於いて検出された発光粒子の信号の各々の発生時間から計って光検出領域の移動周期に相当する時間だけ前の時間領域と、光検出領域の移動周期に相当する時間だけ後の時間領域とに於ける光強度値は、それぞれ、各信号に対応する発光粒子の存在した空間の一周期前及び後の状態を反映しており、空間内に於ける発光粒子の位置によって決定される。そして、発光粒子の信号の光強度値と、その信号の発生時間から計って光検出領域の移動周期に相当する時間だけ前の時間領域及び後の時間領域とに於けるそれぞれの光強度値とを比較することにより、光検出領域の移動周期に於ける発光粒子の位置の変化のし易さ、即ち、発光粒子の並進拡散のし易さが見積もられることとなる。
(並進拡散特長量)=(p-1+p+1)/pc …(6)
によって定義されてよい。なお、時間領域ΔTf、ΔTrの幅は、実験的に又は理論的に任意に設定されてよく、典型的には、光検出領域の最大径に相当する距離を光検出領域が通過するのに要する時間であってよい。この並進拡散特長量によれば、図7(A)に模式的に描かれている如く、比較的大きい粒子の場合(左図)、ブラウン運動による移動速度は遅く、同一の空間領域内に滞留する時間が長いので、信号に於ける光強度(光子数pc)とその信号の発生時間よりも光検出領域の位置の移動周期tcycleだけ前及び後の時間領域内の光強度(光子数p-1、p+1)との差は比較的小さく、従って、式(6)で定義される並進拡散特長量は、大きくなる。一方、比較的小さい粒子の場合(右図)、ブラウン運動による移動速度は速く、同一の空間領域内に滞留する時間が短いので、信号に於ける光強度(光子数pc)とその信号の発生時間よりも光検出領域の位置の移動周期tcycleだけ前及び後の時間領域内の光強度(光子数p-1、p+1)との差は比較的大きくなり、或いは、発光粒子が同一空間内に存在しない場合もあるので、従って、式(6)で定義される並進拡散特長量は小さくなる。かくして、並進拡散特長量は、発光粒子の並進拡散特性を表しており、発光粒子に固有の値となるので、発光粒子の種類の識別又は同定に利用できることとなる。
図3(A)~(C)を再度参照して、図3(A)の如く、光検出領域を循環させる間、発光粒子が、或る位置に光検出領域CVが存在するときに包含される空間内にて滞留しているとき、発光粒子の信号(パルス状の信号)は、図3(C)に例示されている如く、概ね光検出領域の移動周期tcycle毎に出現する。その間、既に述べた如く、発光粒子の位置はブラウン運動により変化するので、一連の信号の光強度は変化することとなる。この点に関し、かかる光強度の変化は、発光粒子の光検出領域の最大強度点から放射方向の位置の変化を反映したものであるところ、光検出領域が一方向に移動しているので、各信号のピーク強度の変化は、図3(B)に例示されている如き光検出領域の移動方向に垂直な面内に於ける発光粒子の並進拡散運動によるものであるとみなすことができる。
上記の処理により時系列光強度データが得られると、コンピュータ18に於いて、記憶装置に記憶されたプログラムに従った処理により、更に、発光粒子濃度算出等の各種分析が実行されてよい。
Vt=N/C …(11)
により与えられる。また、対照溶液として、発光粒子の複数の異なる濃度の溶液が準備され、それぞれについて測定が実行されて、算出されたVtの平均値が光検出領域の通過した領域の総体積Vtとして採用されるようになっていてよい。そして、Vtが与えられると、発光粒子のカウンティング結果がnの試料溶液の発光粒子の濃度cは、
c=n/Vt …(12)
により与えられる。なお、光検出領域の体積、光検出領域の通過した領域の総体積は、上記の方法によらず、任意の方法にて、例えば、FCS、FIDAを利用するなどして与えられるようになっていてよい。また、本実施形態の光分析装置に於いては、想定される光検出領域の移動パターンについて、種々の標準的な発光粒子についての濃度Cと発光粒子の数Nとの関係(式(12))の情報をコンピュータ18の記憶装置に予め記憶しておき、装置の使用者が光分析を実施する際に適宜記憶された関係の情報を利用できるようになっていてよい。理解されるべきことは、本発明によれば、並進拡散特長量又は拡散係数により、単一発光粒子毎に種類の識別又は同定が可能なので、濃度についても、発光粒子の(識別可能な)種類毎に決定できるという点である。
20μ秒<パルス幅<400μ秒
ピーク強度>1[pc/10μs] …(A)
相関係数>0.95
を満たすパルス信号のみを発光粒子の信号として抽出した。次いで、各発光粒子信号について、式(6)の並進拡散特長量を算出した。光検出領域の位置の移動周期に相当する時間だけ前の時間領域ΔTfは、信号のピーク時の10.05~9.95m秒前の区間とし、光検出領域の位置の移動周期に相当する時間だけ後の時間領域ΔTrは、信号のピーク時の9.95~10.05m秒後の区間とした。
Claims (12)
- 共焦点顕微鏡又は多光子顕微鏡の光学系を用いて試料溶液中にて分散しランダムに運動する発光粒子からの光を検出する光分析装置であって、
前記試料溶液内に於ける前記光学系の光検出領域の位置を所定の経路に沿って周期的に移動する光検出領域移動部と、
前記光検出領域からの光を検出する光検出部と、
前記試料溶液内に於いて前記光検出領域の位置を移動させながら前記光検出部にて検出された前記光検出領域からの光の時系列の光強度データを生成し、前記時系列の光強度データに於いて単一の発光粒子からの光を表す信号を個別に検出する信号処理部とを含み、
前記信号処理部が、前記検出された一つの発光粒子の光を表す信号の強度値と前記時系列の光強度データに於いて前記一つの発光粒子の光を表す信号の発生時間から計って前記光検出領域の位置の移動周期の整数倍に相当する時間だけ離れた時間領域内の強度値とに基づいて、前記光検出領域の移動方向に垂直な面内に於ける前記発光粒子の並進拡散特性を表す指標値を決定することを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項1の装置であって、前記発光粒子の並進拡散特性を表す指標値によって前記発光粒子の種類を決定することを特徴とする装置。
- 請求項1の装置であって、前記発光粒子の並進拡散特性を表す指標値が一つの発光粒子の信号の強度値と前記一つの発光粒子の信号の前後の前記光検出領域の位置の移動周期に相当する時間だけ離れた時間領域内の強度値の和との比であることを特徴とする装置。
- 請求項1の装置であって、前記時系列の光強度データに於いて前記一つの発光粒子の光を表す信号の発生時間から計って前記光検出領域の位置の移動周期の整数倍に相当する時間だけ離れた時間領域内の強度値が、前記時間領域内に発生した前記一つの発光粒子と同一の発光粒子の光を表す信号の強度値であり、前記発光粒子の並進拡散特性を表す指標値が、前記一つの発光粒子の光を表す信号の強度値と前記一つの発光粒子と同一の発光粒子の光を表す信号の強度値とから算定される時間に対する自己相関関数値に対して前記光検出領域の移動方向に垂直な面内に於ける前記発光粒子の並進拡散モデルから導出される理論式をフィッティングすることにより算定された拡散係数又はその関数値であることを特徴とする装置。
- 共焦点顕微鏡又は多光子顕微鏡の光学系を用いて試料溶液中にて分散しランダムに運動する発光粒子の拡散特性値を測定する方法であって、
前記試料溶液内に於いて前記光学系の光検出領域の位置を所定の経路に沿って周期的に移動する過程と、
前記試料溶液内に於いて前記光検出領域の位置を移動させながら前記光検出領域からの光の強度を測定して光強度データを生成する過程と、
前記光強度データ上に於いて単一の発光粒子からの光を表す信号を個別に検出する過程と、
前記検出された一つの発光粒子の光を表す信号の強度値と前記時系列の光強度データに於いて前記一つの発光粒子の光を表す信号の発生時間から計って前記光検出領域の位置の移動周期の整数倍に相当する時間だけ離れた時間領域内の強度値とに基づいて、前記光検出領域の移動方向に垂直な面内に於ける前記発光粒子の並進拡散特性を表す指標値を決定する過程と
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項5の方法であって、更に、前記発光粒子の並進拡散特性を表す指標値によって前記発光粒子の種類を決定する過程を含むことを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項5の方法であって、前記発光粒子の並進拡散特性を表す指標値が一つの発光粒子の信号の強度値と前記一つの発光粒子の信号の前後の前記光検出領域の位置の移動周期に相当する時間だけ離れた時間領域内の強度値の和との比であることを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項5の方法であって、前記時系列の光強度データに於いて前記一つの発光粒子の光を表す信号の発生時間から計って前記光検出領域の位置の移動周期の整数倍に相当する時間だけ離れた時間領域内の強度値が、前記時間領域内に発生した前記一つの発光粒子と同一の発光粒子の光を表す信号の強度値であり、前記発光粒子の並進拡散特性を表す指標値が、前記一つの発光粒子の光を表す信号の強度値と前記一つの発光粒子と同一の発光粒子の光を表す信号の強度値とから算定される時間に対する自己相関関数値に対して前記光検出領域の移動方向に垂直な面内に於ける前記発光粒子の並進拡散モデルから導出される理論式をフィッティングすることにより算定された拡散係数又はその関数値であることを特徴とする方法。
- 共焦点顕微鏡又は多光子顕微鏡の光学系を用いて試料溶液中にて分散しランダムに運動する発光粒子からの光を検出するための光分析用コンピュータプログラムであって、
前記試料溶液内に於いて前記光学系の光検出領域の位置を所定の経路に沿って周期的に移動する手順と、
前記試料溶液内に於いて前記光検出領域の位置を移動させながら前記光検出領域からの光の強度を測定して光強度データを生成する手順と、
前記光強度データ上に於いて単一の発光粒子からの光を表す信号を個別に検出する手順と、
前記検出された一つの発光粒子の光を表す信号の強度値と前記時系列の光強度データに於いて前記一つの発光粒子の光を表す信号の発生時間から計って前記光検出領域の位置の移動周期の整数倍に相当する時間だけ離れた時間領域内の強度値とに基づいて、前記光検出領域の移動方向に垂直な面内に於ける前記発光粒子の並進拡散特性を表す指標値を決定する手順と
をコンピュータに実行させることを特徴とするコンピュータプログラム。 - 請求項9のコンピュータプログラムであって、更に、前記発光粒子の並進拡散特性を表す指標値によって前記発光粒子の種類を決定する手順を含むことを特徴とするコンピュータプログラム。
- 請求項9のコンピュータプログラムであって、前記発光粒子の並進拡散特性を表す指標値が一つの発光粒子の信号の強度値と前記一つの発光粒子の信号の前後の前記光検出領域の位置の移動周期に相当する時間だけ離れた時間領域内の強度値の和との比であることを特徴とするコンピュータプログラム。
- 請求項9のコンピュータプログラムであって、前記時系列の光強度データに於いて前記一つの発光粒子の光を表す信号の発生時間から計って前記光検出領域の位置の移動周期の整数倍に相当する時間だけ離れた時間領域内の強度値が、前記時間領域内に発生した前記一つの発光粒子と同一の発光粒子の光を表す信号の強度値であり、前記発光粒子の並進拡散特性を表す指標値が、前記一つの発光粒子の光を表す信号の強度値と前記一つの発光粒子と同一の発光粒子の光を表す信号の強度値とから算定される時間に対する自己相関関数値に対して前記光検出領域の移動方向に垂直な面内に於ける前記発光粒子の並進拡散モデルから導出される理論式をフィッティングすることにより算定された拡散係数又はその関数値であることを特徴とするコンピュータプログラム。
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JPWO2015052965A1 (ja) * | 2013-10-07 | 2017-03-09 | オリンパス株式会社 | 単一発光粒子検出を用いた光分析装置、光分析方法及び光分析用コンピュータプログラム |
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