Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
  • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
  • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• the present invention relates, in general, to compounds that inhibit protein kinase activity, and to compositions and methods related thereto.
• Cancer and other hyperproliferative diseases is characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation. This loss of the normal control of cell proliferation often appears to occur as the result of genetic damage to cell pathways that control progress through the cell cycle.
• the cell cycle consists of DNA synthesis (S phase), cell division or mitosis (M phase), and non-synthetic periods referred to as gap 1 (G1 ) and gap 2 (G2).
• the M-phase is composed of mitosis and cytokinesis (separation into two cells). All steps in the cell cycle are controlled by an orderly cascade of protein phosphorylation and several families of protein kinases are involved in carrying out these phosphorylation steps.
• the activity of many protein kinases increases in human tumors compared to normal tissue and this increased activity can be due to many factors, including increased levels of a kinase or changes in expression of co- activators or inhibitory proteins.
• Cells have proteins that govern the transition from one phase of the cell cycle to another.
• the cyclins are a family of proteins whose concentrations increase and decrease throughout the cell cycle.
• the cyclins turn on, at the appropriate time, different cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) that phosphorylate substrates essential for progression through the cell cycle.
• CDKs cyclin-dependent protein kinases
• Activity of specific CDKs at specific times is essential for both initiation and coordinated progress through the cell cycle.
• CDK1 is the most prominent cell cycle regulator that orchestrates M-phase activities.
• mitotic protein kinases that participate in M-phase have been identified, which include members of the polo, aurora, and NIMA (Never-ln-Mitosis-A) families and kinases implicated in mitotic checkpoints, mitotic exit, and cytokinesis.
• Pirn kinases ⁇ e.g., Pim-1 kinase, Pim-2 kinase, Pim-3 kinase
• Pim-1 kinase is known to be involved in a number of cytokine signaling pathways as a downstream effector. Once activated, Pim-1 kinase causes progression of the cell cycle, inhibition of apoptosis and modulation of other signal transduction pathways, including its own.
• Pim-1 kinase is also known to effect activation of transcription factors such as NFAT, p100, c-Myb and Pap-1 , and inhibition of others such as HP1 .
• Pim-1 kinase Normal expression of Pim-1 kinase is seen in cells of hematopoietic origin, such as fetal liver, thymus, spleen and bone marrow. Additionally, expression is seen in prostate and oral epithelial cells Pim-1 kinase is believed to be involved in the initiation or progression of malignant transformation leading to
• malignancies including Burkitt's lymphoma, prostate cancer, oral cancer and diffuse large cell lymphomas, among others.
• Pirn kinases also play a role in immune regulation. For example, enhanced Pirn expression has been observed in a variety of inflammatory states. Pim-2 is also implicated in cytokine induced T-cell growth and survival. A recent publication (Jackson et al., Cell Immunology, 2012, 272, 200-213) demonstrated in vivo efficacy for a dual PIM-1 and PIM-3 inhibitor in a mouse inflammatory bowel disease model. Therefore, PIM kinases are attractive targets for various autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases.
• the present invention is generally directed to compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds, where the compounds have the followin general structures (I), (II) and (III):
• these compounds of the present invention have utility over a broad range of therapeutic applications, and may be used to treat diseases, such as cancer and various inflammatory conditions, that are mediated at least in part by protein kinase activity. Accordingly, in one aspect of the invention, the compounds described herein are formulated as pharmaceutically
• the invention provides methods for treating or preventing a protein kinase-mediated disease, such as cancer, which method comprises administering to a patient in need of such a treatment a
• the protein kinase-mediated disease is a Pirn kinase- mediated disease, such as a Pim-1 kinase-expressing cancer.
• Another aspect of the invention relates to inhibiting protein kinase activity in a biological sample, which method comprises contacting the biological sample with a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising said compound.
• the protein kinase is Pirn kinase.
• Another aspect of this invention relates to a method of inhibiting protein kinase activity in a patient, which method comprises administering to the patient a compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising said compound.
• the protein kinase is a Pirn kinase.
• the present invention is directed to methods for treatment of various autoimmune and/or inflammatory conditions mediated by Pim kinase.
• the methods comprise administration of any of the disclosed compounds to a mammal, for example a mammal in need of treatment for an autoimmune and/or inflammatory condition mediated by Pim kinase.
• Inflammatory conditions which may be treated according to the disclosed methods include, but are not limited to: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, pain, inflammatory bowel diseases, respiratory disorders, skin disorders or combinations thereof.
• Figure 1 shows results of a cell-based assay of a representative compound
• Figures 2A and 2B illustrates cell growth rate in cell culture.
• Figures 3A and 3B present tumor regression and body weight data.
• Figures 4A, 4B and 4C show colony growth data.
• Figures 5A and 5B are graphs showing tumor regression and body weight data.
• Figure 6 presents data from hematological cancer screening.
• Figures 7A and 7B show tumor regression and body weight data.
• X is a direct bond, NH, N(alkyl), S, O, SO or SO 2 ;
• R is H, -OH, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, -NH 2 , -NH(alkyl), -N(alkyl) 2 , or -CN;
• R 1 is optionally substituted carbocycle, optionally substituted heterocycle or R 1 has the followin structure:
• R 1 ' is at, each occurrence, independently selected from hydrogen cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, -OCF 3 , -OCHF 2 , -CF 3 , -OCH 3 , -NH 2 , -NO 2 , -OH, -COCH CH 3 and -N(CH 3 ) 2 and p is 1 , 2 or 3.
• R 2 is -(CH 2 ) n -cyclobutyl, -(CH 2 ) n -cyclohexyl, -SO 2
• R 2 has one of the following structures:
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and each of the above moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
• Alkyl refers to a saturated straight or branched hydrocarbon radical of one to six carbon atoms (i.e., C 1 -C 6 ), preferably one to four carbon atoms, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, 2-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and the like, preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, or 2-propyl.
• saturated straight chain alkyls include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, and the like; while saturated branched alkyls include isopropyl, sec- butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, and the like.
• saturated cyclic alkyls include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, -CH 2 - cyclohexyl, and the like; while unsaturated cyclic alkyls include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, -CH 2 -cyclohexenyl, and the like.
• Cyclic alkyls are also referred to herein as a "cycloalkyl.”
• Unsaturated alkyls contain at least one double or triple bond between adjacent carbon atoms (referred to as an "alkenyl” or “alkynyl”, respectively.)
• Representative straight chain and branched alkenyls include ethylenyl, propylenyl, 1 -butenyl, 2-butenyl, isobutylenyl, 1 -pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-methyl-1 -butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, and the like; while representative straight chain and branched alkynyls include acetylenyl, propynyl, 1 -butynyl, 2-butynyl, 1 -pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-methyl-1 -butynyl, and the like.
• Alkylene means a linear saturated divalent hydrocarbon radical of one to six carbon atoms or a branched saturated divalent hydrocarbon radical of three to six carbon atoms, e.g., methylene, ethylene, 2,2- dimethylethylene, propylene, 2-methylpropylene, butylene, pentylene, and the like, preferably methylene, ethylene, or propylene.
• Cycloalkyl refers to a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon radical of three to eight carbon atoms, e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.
• Alkoxy means a radical -OR a where R a is an alkyl as defined above, e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy and the like.
• Halo means fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo, preferably fluoro and chloro.
• Haloalkyi means alkyl substituted with one or more, preferably one, two or three, same or different halo atoms, e.g., -CH 2 CI, -CF 3 , -CH 2 CF 3 , -CH2CCI3, and the like.
• Haloalkoxy means a radical -ORb where Rb is an haloalkyi as defined above, e.g., trifluoromethoxy, trichloroethoxy, 2,2-dichloropropoxy, and the like.
• Acyl means a radical -C(O)R c where R c is hydrogen, alkyl, or haloalkyi as defined herein, e.g., formyl, acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, butanoyi, and the like.
• Aryl refers to an all-carbon monocyclic or fused-ring polycyclic (i.e., rings which share adjacent pairs of carbon atoms) groups of 6 to 12 carbon atoms having a completely conjugated pi-electron system. Examples, without limitation, of aryl groups are phenyl, naphthyl and anthracenyl. The aryl group may be substituted or unsubstituted.
• the aryl group is substituted with one or more substituents as this term is defined below, more preferably one, two or three, even more preferably one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl (wherein the alkyl may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents), haloalkyi, halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylthio, cyano, acyl, nitro, phenoxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, haloalkyi, haloalkoxy, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, amino, alkylamino dialkylamino, aryl, heteroaryl, carbocycle or heterocycle (wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, carbocycle or heterocycle may be optionally substituted).
• Heteroaryl refers to a monocyclic or fused ring (i.e., rings which share an adjacent pair of atoms) group of 5 to 12 ring atoms containing one, two, three or four ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S, the remaining ring atoms being C, and, in addition, having a completely conjugated pi-electron system.
• heteroaryl groups examples, without limitation, of unsubstituted heteroaryl groups are pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, quinoline, isoquinoline, purine, triazole, tetrazole, triazine, and carbazole.
• the heteroaryl group may be substituted or unsubstituted.
• the heteroaryl group is substituted with one or more substituents as this term is defined below, more preferably one, two or three, even more preferably one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl (wherein the alkyl may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents), haloalkyi, halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylthio, cyano, acyl, nitro, haloalkyi, haloalkoxy, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, amino, alkylamino dialkylamino, aryl, heteroaryl, carbocycle or heterocycle (wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, carbocycle or heterocycle may be optionally substituted).
• Carbocycle refers to a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic ring system having 3 to 14 ring carbon atoms.
• the term “carbocycle”, whether saturated or partially unsaturated, also refers to rings that are optionally substituted.
• the term “carbocycle” includes aryl.
• the term “carbocycle” also includes aliphatic rings that are fused to one or more aromatic or nonaromatic rings, such as in a decahydronaphthyl or tetrahydronaphthyl, where the radical or point of attachment is on the aliphatic ring.
• the carbocycle group may be substituted or unsubstituted.
• the carbocycle group is substituted with one or more substituents as this term is defined below, more preferably one, two or three, even more preferably one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyi (wherein the alkyi may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents), haloalkyl, halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylthio, cyano, acyl, nitro, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, amino, alkylamino dialkylamino, aryl, heteroaryl, carbocycle or heterocycle (wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, carbocycle or
• heterocycle may be optionally substituted.
• Heterocycle refers to a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic cyclic ring system having 3 to 14 ring atoms in which one, two or three ring atoms are heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S(O) m (where m is an integer from 0 to 2), the remaining ring atoms being C, where one or two C atoms may optionally be replaced by a carbonyl group.
• heterocycle includes heteroaryl.
• the heterocyclyl ring may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents as this term is defined below, preferably one, two, or three substituents selected from alkyi (wherein the alkyi may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents), haloalkyl, cycloalkylamino, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylaminoalkyl, cycloalkylalkylaminoalkyl, cyanoalkyl, halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, carbocycle, heterocycle (wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, carbocycle or heterocycle may be optionally substituted), aralkyl, heteroaralkyl
• heterocyclyl includes, but is not limited to, tetrahydropyranyl, 2,2-dimethyl-1 ,3-dioxolane, piperidino, N-methylpiperidin-3-yl, piperazino, N-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl, pyrrolidine morpholino, 4-cyclopropylmethylpiperazino, thiomorpholino, thiomorpholino-1 -oxide, thiomorpholino-1 ,1 -dioxide, 4- ethyloxycarbonylpiperazino, 3-oxopiperazino, 2-imidazolidone, 2-pyrrolidinone, 2-oxohomopiperazino, tetrahydropyhmidin-2-one, and the derivatives thereof.
• the heterocycle group is optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from halo, alkyl, alkyl substituted with carboxy, ester, hydroxy, alkylamino
• heterocycloamino saturated or unsaturated heterocycloaminoalkyl, or dialkylamino.
• Porture-2-onyl refers to a moiety having the following structure:
• each R is independently hydrogen, a point of attachment or an optional substituent as defined herein,
• Thiomorpholinylsulfone refers to a moiety having the following structure:
• each R is independently hydrogen, a point of attachment or an optional substituent as defined herein,
• Tetrahydrothiopyranylsulfone refers to a moiety having the following structure:
• each R is independently hydrogen, a point of attachment or an optional substituent as defined herein,
• Tetrahydrothiopyranyl refers to a moiety having the following structure:
• each R is independently hydrogen, a point of attachment or an optional substituent as defined herein.
• each R is independently hydrogen, a point of attachment or an optional substituent as defined herein.
• Tetrahydropyranyl refers to a moiety having the following structure:
• each R is independently hydrogen, a point of attachment or an optional substituent as defined herein.
• Tautomer refers to a compound that results from the formal migration of a hydrogen atom accompanied by a switch of a single bond and adjacent double bond.
• the enol and keto form of a compound are tautomers of each other.
• Optional or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may but need not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not.
• heterocyclic group optionally substituted with an alkyl group means that the alkyl may but need not be present, and the description includes situations where the heterocycle group is substituted with an alkyl group and situations where the heterocycle group is not substituted with the alkyl group.
• substituted means any of the above groups (e.g., alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, carbocycle, heterocycle, etc.) wherein at least one hydrogen atom is replaced with a substituent.
• substituent e.g., alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, carbocycle, heterocycle, etc.
• Substituents within the context of this invention include halogen, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, nitro, amino, alkylamino, dialkylannino, alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyi, haloalkyi, hydroxyalkyi, aryl, substituted aryl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyi, substituted heteroarylalkyi, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, heterocyclealkyl, substituted heterocyclealkyl, amidynyl
• the compounds of the present invention have structure (I). In other embodiments, the compounds have structure (II). In still other embodiments, the compounds have structure (III).
• X is a direct bond. In other embodiments, X is -NH-. In still other embodiments, X is -O-.
• R is H, while in different embodiments R is methyl.
• R 1 is not phenyl substituted with carboxy
• R 1 is
• R 1 ' is at, each occurrence, independently selected from hydrogen cyano alkyl, alkoxy, halo, haloalkyi, haloalkoxy, -OCF 3 , -OCHF 2 , -CF 3 , -OCH 3 , -NH 2 , -NO 2 , -OH, -COCH3, -NHSO 2 CH 3 and -N(CH 3 ) 2 and p is 1 , 2 or 3. [0055] In other embodiments of structures (I), (II) and (III), p is 1 . In some embodiments p is 2. In other embodiments, p is 3.
• R 1 is p
• R 1 is p, o and/or m substituted phenyl with one or more occurrences of cyano, halo, -F, -CI, -CF 3 , -OCF3, -OCHF2, -OCH3, -CH3, NO 2 , -N(CH 3 ) 2 , -NH 2 , -NHSO 2 CH 3 , - COCH 3 , and -OH.
• R 1 is p, o and/or m
• substituted phenyl with one or more occurrences of cyano, halo, -OCF3, -OCHF2, -CF 3 , -OCH3 and -OH.
• R 1 and R 1 ' is independently selected from hydrogen cyano, halo. -OCF3, -CF 3 , - OCH3, -OCHF2, NH 2 , NO 2 , OH, -COCH3, -NHSO2CH3, and -N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• R1 ' is cyano, halo, -OCF3, -OCHF 2 , -CF 3 , -OCH3 or -OH, for example in some embodiments R1 ' is cyano, chloro, -OCF3, or -CF 3 . In some other embodiments R1 ' is cyano. In some other embodiments
• R1 ' is chloro. In some other embodiments R1 ' is -OCF3. In some other embodiments R1 ' is -CF 3 . In certain more specific embodiments of the foregoing, R1 ' is in the meta position.
• R 1 has a structure selected from one of the followin structures:
• R 2 is -(CH 2 )n-cyclobutyl, -(CH 2 ) n -piperidin-2-onyl,
• R 2 is a structure selected from one of the following structures:
• R 2 is -(CH 2 ) n -unsubstituted phenyl, and in other embodiments R 2 is -(CH 2 )-piperidin-2-only.
• R 2 is -(CH 2 ) n -morpholinyl.
• R2 has one of the following structures:
• R1 ' is cyano, halo, -
• OCFs, -OCHF 2 , -CF 3 , -OCH3 or -OH and R 2 is ; -(CH 2 ) n -cyclobutyl, - (CH 2 )n-piperidin-2-onyl, -(CH 2 ) n -thiomorpholinylsulfone, -(CH 2 ) n -phenyl, -(CH 2 ) n -tetrahydropyranyl, -(CH 2 ) n -tetrahydrothiopyranyl,
• R 2 is -(CH 2 ) n -cyclohexyl
• R 2 is ; -(CH 2 )n-cyclobutyl, -(CH 2 ) n -piperidin-2-onyl,
• R 2 is -(CH 2 )n-cyclobutyl, -(CH 2 ) n -pipehdin-2-onyl, -(CH 2 ) n -thiomorpholinylsulfone, -(CH 2 ) n -unsubstituted phenyl, -(CH 2 ) n -tetrahydropyranyl,
• R 2 has a structure selected from one of the following structures:
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and each of the above moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
• F ⁇ has a structure selected from one of the following structures:
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and each of the above moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
• F ⁇ has a structure selected from one of the following structures:
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and each of the above moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
• X is NH and R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl (where R is as defined above and R 1 ' is absent or represents one or more substituents), and the compounds have the following structures (l-A) and (ll-A), respectively:
• R is H.
• R is alky, such as methyl, and the compounds have the following structures (l-Aa) and (ll-Aa):
• R 1 is a p, o or m substituent selected from cyano, halo, -OCF 3 , -OCHF 2 , -CF 3 , -OCH3, -NH 2 , -NO2, -OH, -COCH3, -NHSO2CH3 and -N(CH 3 ) 2
• R is a p, 0 or m substituent selected from cyano, -OCF 3 , -OCHF2, -CF 3 , -OCH3 and -OH.
• R1 ' is cyano.
• R1 ' is chloro. In some embodiments R1 ' is -OCF 3 . In some embodiments R1 ' is -CF 3 . In certain more specific embodiments of the foregoing, R1 ' is in the meta position.
• R 1 is selected from one of the following structures:
• R 1 has a structure selected from one of the followin structures:
• R 2 is ; -(CH 2 ) n -cyclobutyl, -(CH 2 ) n -piperidin-2-onyl, -(CH 2 ) n -thionnorpholinylsulfone, -(CH 2 ) n -unsubstituted phenyl, -(CH 2 ) n -tetrahydropyranyl, -(CH 2 ) n -tetrahydrothiopyranyl,
• R 2 is selected from one of the following structures:
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and each of the above moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and each of the above moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and each of the above moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
• F ⁇ has a structure selected from one of the following structures:
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and each of the above moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
• R 2 is -(CH 2 ) n -cyclobutyl, -(CH 2 )n-piperidin-2-onyl,
• p is 1 and R 1 is a p, o or m substituent selected from cyano, -OCF 3 , -OCHF 2 , -CF 3 , -OCH 3 and -OH and R 2 is ; -(CH 2 )n-cyclobutyl, -(CH 2 ) n -piperidin-2-onyl,
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and each of the above moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents, W is -O-, -S(O) z - or
• R 9 is C(R 9 )[(CR 10 R 11 ) y R 12 ];
• R 3 , R 4 , R 7 , R 9 , R 10 and R 11 are, at each occurrence, independently H or alkyl;
• R 12 is -OH, -CN or alkoxy;
• m is 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;
• y and z are each independently 0, 1 or 2 and each of the above moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
• X is O and R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl (where R is as defined above and R 1 ' is absent or represents one or more substituents), and the compounds have the following structures (l-B) and (ll-B), respectively:
• R is H.
• R is alky, such as methyl, and the compounds have the following structures (l-Bb) and (ll-Bb):
• R 1 is substituted phenyl having at least one p, o or m substituent selected from cyano, halo, -OCF 3 , -OCHF 2 , -CF 3 , -OCH 3 , -NH 2 , -NO 2 , -OH, -COCH 3 , - NHSO 2 CH 3 and -N(CH 3 ) 2
• Ri is substituted phenyl having at least one p, o or m substituent selected from cyano -OCF 3 , - OCHF 2 , -CF 3 , -OCH 3 and -OH.
• R1 ' is cyano. In some embodiments R1 ' is chloro. In some embodiments R1 ' is -OCF 3 . in some embodiments R1 ' is -CF 3 . In certain more specific embodiments of the foregoing, R1 ' is in the meta position. [0082] In some embodiments of (l-B), (ll-B), (l-Bb) and (ll-Bb), R 1 is selected from one of the following structures:
• R 1 has a structure selected from one of the followin structures:
• R 2 is -(CH 2 ) n -piperidin-2-onyl
• R 2 is selected from one of the following structures: where n is 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and each of the above moieties are optional substituted with one or more substituents.
• R2 is selected from one of the followin structures:
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and each of the above moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
• R2 is -(CH 2 ) n -cyclobutyl, -(CH 2 )n-piperidin-2-onyl,
• p is 1
• R 1 is a p, 0 or m substituent selected from cyano, -OCF3, -
• OCHF 2 , -CF 3 , -OCH3 and -OH and R 2 is -(CH 2 ) n -cyclobutyl, - (CH 2 )n-piperidin-2-onyl, -(CH 2 ) n -thiomorpholinylsulfone, -(CH 2 ) n -unsubstituted phenyl, -(CH 2 ) n -tetrahydropyranyl, -(CH 2 ) n -tetrahydrothiopyranyl,
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and each of the above moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents, W is -O-, -S(O) z - or
• R 9 is C(R 9 )[(CR 10 R 11 ) y R 12 ];
• R 3 , R 4 , R 7 , R 9 , R 10 and R 11 are, at each occurrence, independently H or alkyl;
• R 12 is -OH, -CN or alkoxy;
• m is 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;
• y and z are each independently 0, 1 or 2 and each of the above moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
• X is S, SO or SO2 and R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl (where R 1 ' below is absent or represents one or more substituents), and the compounds have the following structures (l-C) and (ll-C), respectively:
• R is H.
• R is alky, such as methyl, and the compounds have the following structures (l-Cc) and (ll-Cc):
• R 1 is substituted phenyl having at least one p, 0 or m substituent selected from cyano, halo. -OCF3, -OCHF 2 , -CF 3 , -OCH3, -NH 2 , -NO 2 , -OH, -COCH3, - NHSO2CH3 and -N(CH 3 ) 2 , and in an more specific embodiment R 1 is
• substituted phenyl having at least one p, 0 or m substituent selected from cyano, -OCF3, -OCHF 2 , -CF 3 , -OCH3 and -OH.
• R1 ' is cyano.
• R1 ' is chloro.
• R1 ' is - OCF3. in some embodiments R1 ' is -CF 3 .
• R1 ' is in the meta position.
• R1 ' is in the meta position.
• R 1 has a structure selected from one of the followin structures:
• R 2 is selected from one of the following structures:
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and each of the above moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
• R 2 is selected from one of the following structures:
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and each of the above moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
• R 2 is -(CH 2 ) n -cyclobutyl, -(CH 2 )n-piperidin-2-onyl,
• R 2 is -(CH 2 )n-cyclobutyl, -(CH 2 ) n -piperidin-2-onyl,
• p is 1
• R 1 is a p, o or m substituent selected from cyano, -OCF 3 , -
• OCHF 2 , -CF 3 , -OCH3 and -OH and R 2 is -(CH 2 ) n -cyclobutyl, - (CH 2 )n-piperidin-2-onyl, -(CH 2 ) n -thiomorpholinylsulfone, -(CH 2 ) n -unsubstituted phenyl, -(CH 2 ) n -tetrahydropyranyl, -(CH 2 ) n -tetrahydrothiopyranyl,
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and each of the above moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents, W is -O-, -S(O) z - or
• R 9 is C(R 9 )[(CR 10 R 11 ) y R 12 ];
• R 3 , R 4 , R 7 , R 9 , R 10 and R 11 are, at each occurrence, independently H or alkyl;
• R 12 is -OH, -CN or alkoxy;
• m is 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;
• y and z are each independently 0, 1 or 2 and each of the above moieties are optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
• R2 is and the present invention is directed to a compound having a structure according to structure (I- D) or structure (ll-D) below:
• X is -N(R 8 )- or -O-;
• R 3 , R 4 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 and R 11 are, at each occurrence, independently H or alkyl;
• R 5 is halo, haloalkyl or haloalkoxy
• R 6 is H, -OH, alkyl or alkoxy
• R 12 is -OH, -CN or alkoxy
• n 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;
• y and z are each independently 0, 1 or 2.
• R 6 is H, and in other embodiments R is H or methyl. In still other embodiments, R 5 is at the meta position, and the compound has one of the following structures (l-Da) or (ll-Da):
• R 6 is H, and in other embodiments R is H or methyl.
• n 3 or 4, for example is some embodiments m is 4.
• M 4
• the compound has one of the following structures (IDb) or (IIDb):
• R 7 is H.
• n is 0 or 1 , for example in some specific embodiments of any of the foregoing n is 0.
• At least one of R 3 or R 4 is H, for example in certain embodiments each of R 3 and R 4 is H.
• R 5 is -OCF 3 , -CF 3 , CI or F.
• R5 is in the meta position and R 6 is H.
• R 12 is -OH, -CN or -OCH 3 .
• R 9 is H and in other embodiments R 9 is methyl.
• at least one of R 10 or R 11 is methyl, for example in some embodiments each of R 10 and R 11 is methyl.
• y is 0 or 1 .
• X is -NH-, and in some other embodiments X is -O-.
• R 1 is selected from the following structure one of the following structures:
• Still other embodiments include compounds of structure (l-D) or (ll-D) wherein the compound has a hERG IC 50 activity of 10 ⁇ or more, for example 30 ⁇ or more.
• A represents an optionally substituted 3 to 8-mennbered carbocydic ring and R 3 , R 4 , R 10 , R 11 , n and y are as defined above.
• n is 0, and in other embodiments y is 0 or 1 .
• at least one of R 3 or R 4 is H.
• R 3 and R 4 are each H.
• at least one of R 10 or R 11 is methyl.
• R 10 and R 1 1 are each methyl.
• A is an optionally substituted 6-membered carboc dic ring and R 2 has the following structure:
• R 10 or R 11 is methyl.
• R 10 and R 1 1 are each methyl.
• y is 0 and in other embodiments y is 1 .
• R 2 has one of the following structures:
• R 2 has one of the following
• R 2 is a 3, 4 or 5 membered carbocydic ring and has one of the followin structures:
• R 3 , R 4 , R 10 , R 11 , n and y are as defined above.
• n is 0, and in other embodiments y is 0 or 1 .
• at least one of R 3 or R 4 is H.
• R 3 and R 4 are each H.
• at least one of R 10 or R 11 is methyl.
• R 10 and R 1 1 are each methyl.
• the present invention is directed to a compound of structure (III), wherein:
• X is a direct bond, NH, N(alkyl), S, O, SO or SO 2 ,;
• R is H, -OH, -CN, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or haloalkoxy;
• R 1 is carbocycle, substituted carbocycle, heterocycle, or substituted heterocycle; or a structure selected from:
• R 1 ' is a p, o or m substitution with one or more occurrences of cyano, halo, -OCF3, -OCHF2, -CF 3 , -OCH3, -NH 2 , -NO 2 , -OH, -COCH3, -NHSO 2 CH 3 , - CONH2, -CO-NH-alkyl, -CO-N-alkyl 2 or -N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• R 2 is -(CH 2 )n-cyclopropyl, -(CH 2 ) n -cyclobutyl, -(CH 2 ) n -cyclopentyl, -(CH 2 )n-cyclohexyl, -SO 2 -CH 3 , -SO 2 -(CH 2 ) n CH 3 , -(CH 2 ) n -piperonyl, -(CH 2 ) n - piperidyl, -(CH 2 )-piperidin-2-only, -(CH 2 ) n -piperazinyl, -(CH 2 ) n -furyl, -(CH 2 ) n - thiophene, -(CH 2 ) n -pyridyl, -(CH 2 ) n -pyrimidyl, -(CH 2 ) n -thiomorpholinylsulfone, -(
• L is optional and, if present, NH, N(alkyl), S, O, SO or SO2,; R3 is one or more optional substituents; and Cych is a carbocycle, substituted carbocycle, heterocycle or substituted heterocycle; or R 2 is a structure selected from one of the following structures:
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and each of the above moieties are optional substituted with one or more substituents.
• R 1 is a 5-6 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms, where the heteroatoms are selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
• R 1 is p, o or m substituted phenyl with one or more occurrences of cyano, -F, -CI, -Br, -CF 3 , -OCF3, -OCH3, -CH3, NO 2 , -N(CH 3 ) 2 , -NH 2 , -NHSO2CH3, -NHSO2CH2CH3, - COCH3, -COOH, -CH 2 NH 2 , -OH, -SO 2 NH 2 , -SCH3, piperazine or morpholine.
• R 1 is an optionally substituted pyrazolyl, furyl, thiophene, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, or indolyl group.
• R 1 has the structure: where R 1 ' represents one or more optional substituents or, in a more specific embodiment, is a p, o or m substitution with one or more occurrences of cyano, halo, -OCF3, -CF 3 , -OCH3, -OCHF2, NH 2 , NO 2 , OH, -COCH3, -NHSO 2 CH 3 , , - CONH2, -CO-NH-alkyl, -CO-N-alkyl 2 or -N(CH 3 ) 2 .
• R 1 has a structure selected from:
• R 2 is 2-butane-1 - ol, -SO 2 CH 3 , -SO 2 CH 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH, or
• R 2 is optionally substituted -(CH 2 ) n -cyclopropyl, -(CH 2 ) n -cyclopentyl, -(CH 2 ) n -cyclohexyl, - (CH 2 )n-piperonyl, -(CH 2 ) n -piperidyl, -(CH 2 ) n -piperazinyl, -(CH 2 ) n -furyl, -(CH 2 ) n - thiophene, -(CH 2 ) n -pyridyl, or -(CH 2 ) n -pyrimidyl.
• R 2 has a structure selected from one of the following structures:
• L is optional and, if present, NH, N(alkyl), S, O, SO or SO2; R3 is one or more optional substituents; and Cych is a carbocycle, substituted carbocycle, heterocycle or substituted heterocycle.
• F ⁇ has the following structure:
• Cych is a carbocycle, substituted carbocycle, heterocycle or substituted heterocycle, and in a more specific embodiment Cych is a 5-6 membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms, where the heteroatoms are selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
• F ⁇ has a structure selected from:
• R 2 is
• R 2 has a structure selected from one of the following structures:
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and each of the above moieties are optional substituted with one or more substituents.
• X is NH and R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl (where R is as defined above and R 1 ' is absent or represents one or more substituents), and the compounds have the following structure (lll-A):
• R is alky, such as and the compounds have the following structure (lll-Aa):
• R 1 is substituted phenyl having at least one p, o or m substituent selected from cyano, halo, -OCF 3 , -OCHF 2 , -CF 3 , -OCH 3 , -NH 2 , -NO 2 , -OH, -COCH3, - NHSO 2 CH3 and -N(CH 3 ) 2 , and in an more specific embodiment R 1 is substituted phenyl having at least one p, o or m substituent selcted from -OCF3, -OCHF 2 , - CF 3 , -OCH 3 and -OH, and in a more specific embodiment R 1 is selected from one of the followin structures:
• R 1 has a structure selected from ne of the followin structures:
• R 2 is - (CH 2 ) 1 ,2 -piperid-4-yl, substituted - (CH 2 ) 1 ,2 -piperid-4-yl, -(CH 2 ) 1 ,2 -piperazin-1 -yl, or substituted -(CH 2 ) 1 ,2 -piperazin-1 -yl, such as a moiety selected from one of the following structures:
• R 2 may be selected from one of the following structures:
• R 2 is -(CH 2 ) n -cyclobutyl, -(CH 2 ) n -cyclopentyl, -(CH 2 ) n -cyclohexyl, -(CH 2 ) n -piperidyl,- (CH 2 ) n -piperidin-2-onyl, -(CH 2 ) n -thiomorpholinylsulfone, -(CH 2 ) n -phenyl,
• R 2 has a structure selected from one of the following structures:
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and each of the above moieties are optional substituted with one or more substituents.
• X is O and R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl (where R is as defined above and R 1 ' is absent or represents one or more substituents), and the compounds have the following structure (lll-B):
• R is alky, such as and the compounds have the following structure (lll-Bb):
• R 1 is substituted phenyl having at least one p, o or m substituent selected from cyano, halo, -OCF 3 , -OCHF 2 , -CF 3 , -OCH 3 , -NH 2 , -NO 2 , -OH, -COCH3, - NHSO 2 CH3, -CONH 2 , -CO-NH-alkyl, -CO-N-alkyl 2 and -N(CH 3 ) 2 , and in an more specific embodiment R 1 is substituted phenyl having at least one p, o or m substituent selected from -OCF 3 , -OCHF 2 , -CF 3 , -OCH 3 and -OH, and in a more specific embodiment R 1 is selected from one of the followin structures:
• R 1 has a structure selected from ne of the followin structures:
• R 2 is -(CH 2 )n-cyclopropyl, -(CH 2 ) n -cyclopentyl, -(CH 2 ) n -cyclohexyl, -SO 2 -CH 3 , -SO 2 - (CH 2 ) n CH 3 , -(CH 2 )n-piperonyl, -(CH 2 ) n -piperidyl, -(CH 2 ) n -piperazinyl, -(CH 2 ) n - furyl, -(CH 2 ) n -thiophene, -(CH 2 ) n -pyridyl, -(CH 2 ) n -pyrimidyl, -(CH 2 ) n OCH 3 , - (CH 2 ) n OH, or -(CH 2 ) n N(
• R 2 is -(CH 2 )i , 2 - piperid-4-yl, substituted -(CH 2 )i ,2-piperid-4-yl, -(CH 2 )i ,2-piperazin-1 -yl, or substituted -(CH 2 )i ,2-piperazin-1 -yl, such as moiety selected from one of the following structures:
• R 2 is selected from one of the following structures:
• R 2 is -(CH 2 ) n -cyclobutyl, -(CH 2 ) n -cyclopentyl, -(CH 2 ) n -cyclohexyl, -(CH 2 ) n -piperidyl,- (CH 2 ) n -piperidin-2-onyl, -(CH 2 ) n -thiomorpholinylsulfone, -(CH 2 ) n -phenyl,
• R 2 has a structure selected from one of the following structures:
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and each of the above moieties are optional substituted with one or more substituents.
• X is S, SO or SO2 and R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl (where R 1 ' below is absent or represents one or more substituents), and the compounds have the following structure (lll-C):
• R is alky, such as and the compounds have the followin structure (lll-Cc):
• R 1 is substituted phenyl having at least one p, o or m substituent selected from cyano, halo, -OCF3, -OCHF 2 , -CF 3 , -OCH3, -NH 2 , -NO 2 , -OH, -COCH3, - NHSO2CH3, -CONH2, -CO-NH-alkyl, -CO-N-alkyl 2 and -N(CH 3 ) 2 , and in an more specific embodiment R 1 is substituted phenyl having at least one p, o or m substituent selected from -OCF 3 , -OCHF 2 , -CF 3 , -OCH3 and -OH, and in a more specific embodiment R 1 is selected from one of the followin structures:
• R 1 has a structure selected from one of the followin structures:
• R 2 is -(CH 2 ) n -cyclopropyl, -(CH 2 ) n -cyclopentyl, -(CH 2 ) n -cyclohexyl, -SO2-CH3, -SO 2 - (CH 2 )nCH 3 , -(CH 2 ) n -piperonyl, -(CH 2 )n-piperidyl > -(CH 2 ) n -piperazinyl, -(CH 2 ) n - furyl, -(CH 2 ) n -thiophene, -(CH 2 ) n -pyridyl, -(CH 2 ) n -pyrimidyl, -(CH 2 ) n OCH 3 , - (CH 2 ) n OH, or -(CH 2 ) n N(CH 3
• R 2 is - (CH 2 )i , 2-piperid-4-yl, substituted -(CH 2 )i ,2 -piperid-4-yl, -(CH 2 ) 1 ,2 -piperazin-1 -yl, or substituted -(CH 2 ) 1 ,2 -piperazin-1 -yl, such as moiety selected from one of the following structures:
• R 2 is selected from one of the following structures:
• R 2 is
• R 2 has a structure selected from one of the following structures: HO
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4 and each of the above moieties are optional substituted with one or more substituents.
• F ⁇ is , and the present invention is directed to a compound having a structure according to structure (lll-D) below:
• X is -N(R 8 )- or -O-;
• R is H, -OH, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy,
• R 3 , R 4 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 and R 11 are, at each occurrence, independently H or alkyl;
• R 5 is halo, haloalkyl or haloalkoxy
• R 6 is H, -OH, alkyl or alkoxy
• R 12 is -OH, -CN or alkoxy
• n 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;
• y and z are each independently 0, 1 or 2.
• R 6 is H, and in other embodiments R is H or methyl. In still other embodiments, R 5 is at the meta position, and the compound has the following structure (Ill-Da):
• R 6 is H, and in other embodiments R is H or methyl.
• n 3 or 4, for example is some embodiments m is 4.
• M 4
• the compound has the following structure (lll-Db :
• R 7 is H.
• n is 0 or 1 , for example in some specific embodiments of any of the foregoing n is 0.
• at least one of R 3 or R 4 is H, for example in certain
• each of R 3 and R 4 is H.
• R 5 is -OCF3, -CF 3 , CI or F.
• R5 is in the meta position and R 6 is H.
• R 12 is -OH, -CN or -OCH3.
• R 9 is H and in other embodiments R 9 is methyl.
• at least one of R 10 or R 11 is methyl, for example in some embodiments each of R 10 and R 11 is methyl.
• y is 0 or 1 .
• W is -O-, -S(O) 2 -, -CH(OH)-, -CH(CN)-, -C(CH 3 )(OH)-, -CH(OCHs)- or -CH[C(CH 3 ) 2 OH]-.
• X is -NH-, and in some other embodiments X is -O-.
• Still other embodiments include compounds of structure (lll-D) wherein the compound has a hERG IC 50 activity of 10 ⁇ or more, for example 30 ⁇ or more.
• R 2 is
• A represents an optionally substituted 3 to 8-membered carbocyclic ring and R 3 , R 4 , R 10 , R 11 , n and y are as defined above.
• n is 0, and in other embodiments y is 0 or 1 .
• at least one of R 3 or R 4 is H.
• R 3 and R 4 are each H.
• at least one of R 10 or R 11 is methyl.
• R 10 and R 1 1 are each methyl.
• A is an optionally substituted 6-membered carboc project ring and R 2 has the following structure:
• At least one of R or R 11 is methyl.
• R 10 and R 1 1 are each methyl.
• y is 0 and in other embodiments y is 1 .
• R 2 has one of the following structures:
• R 2 has one of the following
• R 2 is a 3, 4 or 5 membered carbocyclic ring and has one of the following structures:
• R n and y are as defined above.
• n is 0, and in other embodiments y is 0 or 1 .
• at least one of R 3 or R 4 is H.
• R 3 and R 4 are each H. In some other embodiments,
• R 10 or R" is methyl.
• R 10 and R 1 1 are each methyl.
• the compound of structure (l-D) or (ll-D) has one of the following structures:
• An enantiomer can be characterized by the absolute configuration of its asymmetric center and is described by the R- and S-sequencing rules of Cahn and Prelog (Cahn, R., Ingold, C, and Prelog, V. Angew. Chem. 78:413-47, 1966; Angew. Chem. Internat. Ed. Eng. 5:385-415, 51 1 , 1966), or by the manner in which the molecule rotates the plane of polarized light and designated as dextrorotatory or levorotatory (i.e., as (+) or (-)-isomers respectively).
• a chiral compound can exist as either individual enantiomer or as a mixture thereof. A mixture containing equal proportions of the enantiomers is called a "racemic mixture".
• the compounds of this invention may possess one or more asymmetric centers; such compounds can therefore be produced as individual (R)- or (S)-stereoisomers or as mixtures thereof. Unless indicated otherwise, the description or naming of a particular compound in the specification and claims is intended to include both individual enantiomers and mixtures, racemic or otherwise, thereof.
• the methods for the determination of stereochemistry and the separation of stereoisomers are well-known in the art (see discussion in Ch. 4 of ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 4 th edition, March, J., John Wiley and Sons, New York City, 1992).
• the compounds of the present invention may exhibit the phenomena of tautomerism and structural isomerism.
• the compounds described herein may adopt an E or a Z configuration about the double bond connecting the 2-indolinone moiety to the pyrrole moiety or they may be a mixture of E and Z.
• This invention encompasses any tautomeric or structural isomeric form and mixtures thereof which possess the ability to modulate aurora-2 kinase activity and is not limited to, any one tautomeric or structural isomeric form.
• a compound of the present invention would be metabolized by enzymes in the body of the organism such as human being to generate a metabolite that can modulate the activity of the protein kinases. Such metabolites are within the scope of the present invention.
• Arylation of (c) with R1 -Y, wherein Y is an appropriate activating group) under appropriate conditions yields (d).
• treatment of (d) with R 2 -XH, wherein R2 and X are as defined herein results in compounds of structure (I).
• a catalyst such as palladium (e.g., Buchwald catalysts and the like), may be useful to effect the coupling of R2-Z and (d).
• Optional oxidation or alkylation using methods known in the art are used to produce compounds having various X moieties.
• nitriles of structure (e) can be treated with amino acetals under basic conditions to yield (f).
• Compounds of structure (III) may be prepared according to General Reaction Scheme III.
• Compounds of structure k, wherein LG represents an appropriate leaving group such as bromine may be purchased from commercial sources or prepared according to methods known in the art and/or described herein.
• Reaction of k with an appropriate halo acid e.g., acid chloride
• Cyclization of m by treatment under dehydrating conditions e.g., acetic acid/HCl
• compounds of structure (III) are obtained as described for step D in General Reaction Scheme (I).
• the present invention is directed to a method for preparing a compound having the following structure (ID):
• W-H indicates a W radical (as defined above) having a hydrogen atom completing its valence.
• W-H and (A) are reacted in the presence of a base.
• the base is Diisopropylethylamine.
• (A) has been prepared by reaction of (B) and (C):
• the palladium catalyst may be Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 and/or the base may be potassium carbonate.
• the method further comprises treating the solid with an acid to obtain a salt of (ID).
• the acid is HCl, maleic acid or methane sulfonic acid.
• Some embodiments of the foregoing method further comprise recrystallizing the solid in a solvent, for example methanol.
• W is .
• alkylation comprising alkylation r a carboxy or amino protected derivative or a salt thereof.
• alkylation may comprise reaction with a methylmagnesium halide compound such as methylmagnesium chloride, methylmagnesium bromide or methylmagnesium iodide.
• (ID) is prepared at scales of 50 grams or higher.
• a compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be administered as such to a human patient or can be administered in pharmaceutical compositions in which the foregoing materials are mixed with suitable carriers or excipient(s). Techniques for formulation and administration of drugs may be found, for example, in
• a "pharmaceutical composition” refers to a mixture of one or more of the compounds described herein, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof, with other chemical components, such as pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
• the purpose of a pharmaceutical composition is to facilitate administration of a compound to an organism.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” refers to an inert substance added to a pharmaceutical composition to further facilitate
• excipients include calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, various sugars and types of starch, cellulose derivatives, gelatin, vegetable oils and polyethylene glycols.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to those salts which retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the parent compound.
• Such salts may include: (1 ) acid addition salt which is obtained by reaction of the free base of the parent compound with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and perchloric acid and the like, or with organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, (D)- or (L)-malic acid, maleic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p- toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, glutamic acid or malonic acid and the like, preferably hydrochloric acid or (L)- malic acid; or (2) salts formed when an acidic proton present in the parent compound either is replaced by a metal ion, e.g., an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth ion, or an aluminum ion; or coordinates with an organic base such as ethanolamine,
• the compounds of the present invention may also act, or be designed to act, as a prodrug.
• a "prodrug” refers to an agent, which is converted into the parent drug in vivo. Prodrugs are often useful because, in some situations, they may be easier to administer than the parent drug. They may, for instance, be bioavailable by oral administration whereas the parent drug is not. The prodrug may also have improved solubility in pharmaceutical compositions over the parent drug.
• An example, without limitation, of a prodrug would be a compound of the present invention, which is, administered as an ester (the "prodrug"), phosphate, amide, carbamate or urea.
• “Therapeutically effective amount” refers to that amount of the compound being administered which will relieve to some extent one or more of the symptoms of the disorder being treated.
• a therapeutically effective amount refers to that amount which has the effect of: (1 ) reducing the size of the tumor; (2) inhibiting tumor metastasis; (3) inhibiting tumor growth; and/or (4) relieving one or more symptoms associated with the cancer.
• protein kinase-mediated condition or “disease”, as used herein, means any disease or other deleterious condition in which a protein kinase is known to play a role.
• protein kinase-mediated condition or “disease” also means those diseases or conditions that are alleviated by treatment with a protein kinase inhibitor.
• Such conditions include, without limitation, cancers which express Pim kinases, particularly Pim-1 kinase, and other hyperproliferative disorders associated with Pim kinase expression.
• the cancer is a cancer of colon, breast, stomach, prostate, pancreas, or ovarian tissue.
• Pim kinase-mediated condition or “disease”, as used herein, means any disease or other deleterious condition in which Pim 1 kinase, Pim 2 Kinase and/or Pim 3 kinase is known to be expressed and/or play a role.
• the term “Pim kinase-mediated condition” or “disease” also means those diseases or conditions that are alleviated by treatment with an Pim kinase inhibitor.
• administer refers to the delivery of an inventive compound or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or of a pharmaceutical composition containing an inventive compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of this invention to an organism for the purpose of prevention or treatment of a protein kinase-related disorder.
• Suitable routes of administration may include, without limitation, oral, rectal, transmucosal or intestinal administration or intramuscular, subcutaneous, intramedullary, intrathecal, direct intraventricular, intravenous, intravitreal, intraperitoneal, intranasal, or intraocular injections.
• the preferred routes of administration are oral and intravenous.
• the liposomes may be targeted to and taken up selectively by the tumor.
• compositions of the present invention may be manufactured by processes well known in the art, e.g., by means of
• compositions for use in accordance with the present invention may be formulated in any conventional manner using one or more physiologically acceptable carriers comprising excipients and auxiliaries which facilitate processing of the active compounds into preparations which can be used pharmaceutically. Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen.
• the compounds of the invention may be formulated in aqueous solutions, preferably in physiologically compatible buffers such as Hanks' solution, Ringer's solution, or physiological saline buffer.
• physiologically compatible buffers such as Hanks' solution, Ringer's solution, or physiological saline buffer.
• penetrants appropriate to the barrier to be permeated are used in the formulation.
• penetrants are generally known in the art.
• the compounds can be formulated by combining the active compounds with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers well known in the art.
• Such carriers enable the compounds of the invention to be formulated as tablets, pills, lozenges, dragees, capsules, liquids, gels, syrups, slurries, suspensions and the like, for oral ingestion by a patient.
• compositions for oral use can be made using a solid excipient, optionally grinding the resulting mixture, and processing the mixture of granules, after adding other suitable auxiliaries if desired, to obtain tablets or dragee cores.
• Useful excipients are, in particular, fillers such as sugars, including lactose, sucrose, mannitol, or sorbitol, cellulose preparations such as, for example, maize starch, wheat starch, rice starch and potato starch and other materials such as gelatin, gum tragacanth, methyl cellulose,
• hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and/or polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP).
• disintegrating agents may be added, such as cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, agar, or alginic acid.
• a salt such as sodium alginate may also be used.
• Dragee cores are provided with suitable coatings.
• suitable coatings may be used which may optionally contain gum arabic, talc, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, carbopol gel, polyethylene glycol, and/or titanium dioxide, lacquer solutions, and suitable organic solvents or solvent mixtures.
• Dyestuffs or pigments may be added to the tablets or dragee coatings for identification or to characterize different combinations of active compound doses.
• compositions which can be used orally include push-fit capsules made of gelatin, as well as soft, sealed capsules made of gelatin and a plasticizer, such as glycerol or sorbitol.
• the push-fit capsules can contain the active ingredients in admixture with a filler such as lactose, a binder such as starch, and/or a lubricant such as talc or magnesium stearate and, optionally, stabilizers.
• the active compounds may be dissolved or suspended in suitable liquids, such as fatty oils, liquid paraffin, or liquid polyethylene glycols. Stabilizers may be added in these formulations, also.
• Pharmaceutical compositions which may also be used include hard gelatin capsules.
• the capsules or pills may be packaged into brown glass or plastic bottles to protect the active compound from light.
• the containers containing the active compound capsule formulation are preferably stored at controlled room temperature (15-30°C).
• the compounds for use according to the present invention may be conveniently delivered in the form of an aerosol spray using a pressurized pack or a nebulizer and a suitable propellant, e.g., without limitation, dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane,
• the dosage unit may be controlled by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount.
• Capsules and cartridges of, for example, gelatin for use in an inhaler or insufflator may be formulated containing a powder mix of the compound and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch.
• the compounds may also be formulated for parenteral
• Formulations for injection may be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampoules or in multi- dose containers, with an added preservative.
• the compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulating materials such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents.
• compositions for parenteral administration include aqueous solutions of a water soluble form, such as, without limitation, a salt, of the active compound. Additionally, suspensions of the active compounds may be prepared in a lipophilic vehicle. Suitable lipophilic vehicles include fatty oils such as sesame oil, synthetic fatty acid esters such as ethyl oleate and triglycerides, or materials such as liposomes.
• Aqueous injection suspensions may contain substances which increase the viscosity of the suspension, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sorbitol, or dextran.
• the suspension may also contain suitable stabilizers and/or agents that increase the solubility of the compounds to allow for the preparation of highly
• the active ingredient may be in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile, pyrogen-free water, before use.
• a suitable vehicle e.g., sterile, pyrogen-free water
• the compounds may also be formulated in rectal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas, using, e.g., conventional
• suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.
• compositions may also be formulated as depot preparations. Such long acting formulations may be administered by implantation (for example,
• a compound of this invention may be formulated for this route of administration with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (for instance, in an emulsion with a pharmacologically acceptable oil), with ion exchange resins, or as a sparingly soluble derivative such as, without limitation, a sparingly soluble salt.
• a non-limiting example of a pharmaceutical carrier for the hydrophobic compounds of the invention is a cosolvent system comprising benzyl alcohol, a nonpolar surfactant, a water-miscible organic polymer and an aqueous phase such as the VPD cosolvent system.
• VPD is a solution of 3% w/v benzyl alcohol, 8% w/v of the nonpolar surfactant polysorbate 80, and 65% w/v polyethylene glycol 300, made up to volume in absolute ethanol.
• the VPD cosolvent system (VPD:D5W) consists of VPD diluted 1 :1 with a 5% dextrose in water solution.
• This cosolvent system dissolves hydrophobic compounds well, and itself produces low toxicity upon systemic administration.
• the proportions of such a cosolvent system may be varied considerably without destroying its solubility and toxicity characteristics.
• identity of the cosolvent components may be varied: for example, other low-toxicity nonpolar surfactants may be used instead of polysorbate 80, the fraction size of polyethylene glycol may be varied, other biocompatible polymers may replace polyethylene glycol, e.g., polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and other sugars or
• polysaccharides may substitute for dextrose.
• Liposomes and emulsions are well known examples of delivery vehicles or carriers for hydrophobic drugs.
• certain organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide also may be employed, although often at the cost of greater toxicity.
• the compounds may be delivered using a sustained-release system, such as semipermeable matrices of solid hydrophobic polymers containing the therapeutic agent.
• sustained-release materials have been established and are well known by those skilled in the art.
• Sustained-release capsules may, depending on their chemical nature, release the compounds for a few weeks up to over 100 days. Depending on the chemical nature and the biological stability of the therapeutic reagent, additional strategies for protein stabilization may be employed.
• compositions herein also may comprise suitable solid or gel phase carriers or excipients.
• suitable solid or gel phase carriers or excipients include, but are not limited to, calcium carbonate, calcium
• phosphate various sugars, starches, cellulose derivatives, gelatin, and polymers such as polyethylene glycols.
• salts in which the compound forms the positively charged moiety include, without limitation, quaternary ammonium (defined elsewhere herein), salts such as the hydrochloride, sulfate, carbonate, lactate, tartrate, malate, maleate, succinate wherein the nitrogen atom of the quaternary ammonium group is a nitrogen of the selected compound of this invention which has reacted with the appropriate acid.
• Salts in which a compound of this invention forms the negatively charged species include, without limitation, the sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium salts formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid group in the compound with an appropriate base (e.g. sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ), etc.).
• an appropriate base e.g. sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ), etc.
• compositions suitable for use in the present invention include compositions wherein the active ingredients are contained in an amount sufficient to achieve the intended purpose, e.g., the modulation of protein kinase activity and/or the treatment or prevention of a protein kinase-related disorder.
• a therapeutically effective amount means an amount of compound effective to prevent, alleviate or ameliorate symptoms of disease or prolong the survival of the subject being treated.
• the therapeutically effective amount or dose can be estimated initially from cell culture assays. Then, the dosage can be formulated for use in animal models so as to achieve a circulating concentration range that includes the IC 5 o as determined in cell culture (i.e., the concentration of the test compound which achieves a half-maximal inhibition of the protein kinase activity). Such information can then be used to more accurately determine useful doses in humans.
• Toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of the compounds described herein can be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals, e.g., by determining the IC 5 o and the LD 50 (both of which are discussed elsewhere herein) for a subject compound.
• the data obtained from these cell culture assays and animal studies can be used in formulating a range of dosage for use in humans.
• the dosage may vary depending upon the dosage form employed and the route of administration utilized.
• the exact formulation, route of administration and dosage can be chosen by the individual physician in view of the patient's condition. (See, e.g., GOODMAN & GILMAN'S THE PHARMACOLOGICAL BASIS OF THERAPEUTICS, Ch. 3, 9 th ed., Ed. by Hardman, J., and Limbard, L, McGraw-Hill, New York City, 1996, p.46.)
• Dosage amount and interval may be adjusted individually to provide plasma levels of the active species which are sufficient to maintain the kinase modulating effects. These plasma levels are referred to as minimal effective concentrations (MECs).
• MEC minimal effective concentrations
• the MEC will vary for each compound but can be estimated from in vitro data, e.g., the concentration necessary to achieve 50-90% inhibition of a kinase may be ascertained using the assays described herein. Dosages necessary to achieve the MEC will depend on individual characteristics and route of administration. HPLC assays or bioassays can be used to determine plasma concentrations.
• Dosage intervals can also be determined using MEC value.
• Compounds should be administered using a regimen that maintains plasma levels above the MEC for 10-90% of the time, preferably between 30-90% and most preferably between 50-90%.
• the therapeutically effective amounts of compounds of the present invention may range from approximately 2.5 mg/m 2 to 1500 mg/m 2 per day. Additional illustrative amounts range from 0.2-1000 mg/qid, 2-500 mg/qid, and 20-250 mg/qid.
• the effective local concentration of the drug may not be related to plasma concentration, and other procedures known in the art may be employed to determine the correct dosage amount and interval.
• compositions administered will, of course, be dependent on the subject being treated, the severity of the affliction, the manner of administration, the judgment of the prescribing physician, etc.
• compositions may, if desired, be presented in a pack or dispenser device, such as an FDA approved kit, which may contain one or more unit dosage forms containing the active ingredient.
• the pack may for example comprise metal or plastic foil, such as a blister pack.
• the pack or dispenser device may be accompanied by instructions for administration.
• the pack or dispenser may also be accompanied by a notice associated with the container in a form prescribed by a governmental agency regulating the manufacture, use or sale of pharmaceuticals, which notice is reflective of approval by the agency of the form of the compositions or of human or veterinary administration.
• Such notice for example, may be of the labeling approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for prescription drugs or of an approved product insert.
• compositions comprising a compound of the invention formulated in a compatible pharmaceutical carrier may also be prepared, placed in an appropriate container, and labeled for treatment of an indicated condition.
• Suitable conditions indicated on the label may include treatment of a tumor, inhibition of angiogenesis, treatment of fibrosis, diabetes, and the like.
• Certain embodiments of the compounds of the present invention are small molecule PIM kinase inhibitors that reduce the growth of solid tumor xenografts where the tumorigenicity is mediated by over-expression of either PIM-1 or PIM-2, as well as human bladder carcinoma tumors, androgen- independent prostate tumors, and AML models harboring either wild-type FLT3 or the FLT3-ITD mutation. While not wishing to be bound by theory, the combination of inhibiting all three PIM family members together in one compound may promote the observed antitumor activity.
• certain embodiments of the present compounds may advantageously inhibit PIM kinase function in the solid tumor setting by inhibition of all three PIM kinases for an anti-tumor effect.
• AML also represents an important indication of interest for targeting with PIM kinase inhibitors based on over-expression of PIM-1 and PIM-2 (Brault, L (2010) Haematologica 95:1004; Magnuson, NS (2010) Future Oncol 6:1461 ; Nawijn, MC (201 1 ) Nature Rev Cancer 1 1 :23; Alvarado, Y (2012) Expert. Rev. Hematol 5:81 ), as well as FLT3 kinase, where approximately 25% of patients with AML have tumor cells expressing the FLT3-ITD driver mutation (Kottaridis PD (2001 ) Blood 98:1752).
• the compounds and compositions of the invention will find utility in a broad range of diseases and conditions mediated by protein kinases, including diseases and conditions mediated by PIM kinase.
• diseases may include by way of example and not limitation, cancers such as lung cancer, NSCLC (non small cell lung cancer), oat-cell cancer, bone cancer, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, cancer of the head and neck, cutaneous or intraocular melanoma, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, colo-rectal cancer, cancer of the anal region, stomach cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, gynecologic tumors (e.g., uterine sarcomas, carcinoma of the fallopian tubes, carcinoma of the endometrium, carcinoma of the cervix, carcinoma of the vagina or carcinoma of the vulva), Hodgkin's Disease, hepatocellular cancer, cancer of the esophagus, cancer
• NSCLC non small cell
• hypereosinophilia lymphocytic lymphomas, cancer of the bladder, cancer of the kidney or ureter (e.g., renal cell carcinoma, carcinoma of the renal pelvis), pediatric malignancy, neoplasms of the central nervous system (e.g., primary CNS lymphoma, spinal axis tumors, medulloblastoma, brain stem gliomas or pituitary adenomas), Barrett's esophagus (pre-malignant syndrome), neoplastic cutaneous disease, psoriasis, mycoses fungoides, and benign prostatic hypertrophy, diabetes related diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal ischemia, and retinal neovascularization, hepatic cirrhosis, angiogenesis, cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis, immunological disease such as autoimmune disease and renal disease.
• neoplasms of the central nervous system e.g., primary CNS lymphoma, spinal axis tumors
• the compounds and compositions of the invention can be used in methods for treating cancers such as hematological malignancies.
• cancers such as hematological malignancies.
• the compounds and compositions of the invention can be used in methods for treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
• AML acute myeloid leukemia
• Other methods include treatment of bladder cancer, or treatment of prostate cancer.
• the inventive compounds can be used in combination with one or more other chemotherapeutic agents.
• the dosage of the inventive compounds may be adjusted for any drug-drug reaction.
• the chemotherapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of mitotic inhibitors, alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, cell cycle inhibitors, enzymes, topoisomerase inhibitors such as CAMPTOSAR (irinotecan), biological response modifiers, anti-hormones, antiangiogenic agents such as MMP-2, MMP-9 and COX-2 inhibitors, anti-androgens, platinum coordination complexes (cisplatin, etc.), substituted ureas such as hydroxyurea; methylhydrazine derivatives, e.g., procarbazine; adrenocortical suppressants, e.g., mitotane, aminoglutethimide, hormone and hormone antagonists such as the adrenocor
• hydroxyprogesterone caproate hydroxyprogesterone caproate
• estrogens e.g., diethylstilbesterol
• antiestrogens such as tamoxifen, androgens, e.g., testosterone propionate, and aromatase inhibitors, such as anastrozole, and AROMASIN (exemestane).
• alkylating agents examples include, without limitation, fluorouracil (5-FU) alone or in further combination with leukovorin; other pyrimidine analogs such as UFT, capecitabine, gemcitabine and cytarabine, the alkyl sulfonates, e.g., busulfan (used in the treatment of chronic granulocytic leukemia), improsulfan and piposulfan; aziridines, e.g., benzodepa, carboquone, meturedepa and uredepa; ethyleneimines and methylmelamines, e.g., altretamine,
• Hodgkin's disease multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, Wilm's tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma), estramustine, ifosfamide, novembrichin, prednimustine and uracil mustard (used in the treatment of primary thrombocytosis, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease and ovarian cancer); and triazines, e.g., dacarbazine (used in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma).
• antimetabolite chemotherapeutic agents examples include, without limitation, folic acid analogs, e.g., methotrexate (used in the treatment of acute
• lymphocytic leukemia choriocarcinoma, mycosis fungiodes, breast cancer, head and neck cancer and osteogenic sarcoma
• purine analogs such as mercaptopurine and thioguanine which find use in the treatment of acute granulocytic, acute lymphocytic and chronic granulocytic leukemias.
• Examples of natural product-based chemotherapeutic agents that the above method can be carried out in combination with include, without limitation, the vinca alkaloids, e.g., vinblastine (used in the treatment of breast and testicular cancer), vincristine and vindesine; the epipodophyllotoxins, e.g., etoposide and teniposide, both of which are useful in the treatment of testicular cancer and Kaposi's sarcoma; the antibiotic chemotherapeutic agents, e.g., daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, mitomycin (used to treat stomach, cervix, colon, breast, bladder and pancreatic cancer), dactinomycin, temozolomide, plicamycin, bleomycin (used in the treatment of skin, esophagus and
• COX-II inhibitors examples include Vioxx, CELEBREX (celecoxib), valdecoxib, paracoxib, rofecoxib, and Cox 189.
• MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitors are those that have little or no activity inhibiting MMP-1 .
• MMP-2 and/or MMP-9 are those that selectively inhibit MMP-2 and/or MMP-9 relative to the other matrix-metalloproteinases (i.e., MMP-1 , MMP-3, MMP-4, MMP-5, MMP-6, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-10, MMP-1 1 , MMP-12, and MMP-13).
• MMP inhibitors useful in the present invention are AG-3340, RO 32-3555, RS 13-0830, and compounds selected from: 3-[[4-(4-fluoro-phenoxy)-benzenesulfonyl]-(1 -hydroxycarbamoyl- cyclopentyl)- amino]-propionic acid; 3-exo-3-[4-(4-fluoro-phenoxy)- benzenesulfonylamino]-8-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane-3-carboxylic acid
• An inventive compound can also be used with other signal transduction inhibitors, such as agents that can inhibit EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) responses, such as EGFR antibodies, EGF antibodies, and molecules that are EGFR inhibitors; VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) inhibitors; and erbB2 receptor inhibitors, such as organic molecules or antibodies that bind to the erbB2 receptor, such as HERCEPTIN (Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA).
• EGFR inhibitors are described in, for example in WO 95/19970 (published Jul.
• EGFR-inhibiting agents include, but are not limited to, the monoclonal antibodies C225 and anti-EGFR 22Mab (ImClone Systems, Inc., New York, NY), the compounds ZD-1839 (AstraZeneca), BIBX-1382
• VEGF inhibitors for example SU-5416 and SU-6668 (Sugen Inc., South San Francisco, CA), can also be combined with an inventive compound.
• VEGF inhibitors are described in, for example, WO 01/60814 A3 (published Aug. 23, 2001 ), WO 99/24440 (published May 20, 1999), PCT International Application PCT/IB99/00797 (filed May 3, 1999), WO 95/21613 (published Aug. 17, 1995), WO 99/61422 (published Dec. 2, 1999), U.S. Pat. No. 5,834,504 (issued Nov. 10, 1998), WO 01/60814, WO 98/50356 (published Nov.
• VEGF inhibitors useful in the present invention are IM862 (Cytran Inc., Kirkland, WA); anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody of Genentech, Inc.; and angiozyme, a synthetic ribozyme from Ribozyme (Boulder, CO) and Chiron (Emeryville, CA). These and other VEGF inhibitors can be used in the present invention as described herein.
• pErbB2 receptor inhibitors such as GW-282974 (Glaxo Wellcome pic), and the monoclonal antibodies AR-209 (Aronex
• ErbB2 receptor inhibitors useful in the present invention are also described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,284,764 (issued Sep. 4, 2001 ), incorporated in its entirety herein by reference.
• the erbB2 receptor inhibitor compounds and substance described in the aforementioned PCT applications, U.S. patents, and U.S. provisional applications, as well as other compounds and substances that inhibit the erbB2 receptor, can be used with an inventive compound, in accordance with the present invention.
• An inventive compound can also be used with other agents useful in treating cancer, including, but not limited to, agents capable of enhancing antitumor immune responses, such as CTLA4 (cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4) antibodies, and other agents capable of blocking CTLA4; and anti-proliferative agents such as other farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors, for example the farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors described in the references cited in the "Background" section, of U.S. Pat. No. 6,258,824 B1 .
• agents capable of enhancing antitumor immune responses such as CTLA4 (cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4) antibodies, and other agents capable of blocking CTLA4
• anti-proliferative agents such as other farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors, for example the farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors described in the references cited in the "Background" section, of U.S. Pat. No. 6,258,824 B1 .
• the above method can also be carried out in combination with radiation therapy, wherein the amount of an inventive compound in combination with the radiation therapy is effective in treating the above diseases.
• Pirn kinases also play a role in immune regulation
• one embodiment of the invention is directed to methods for treatment of an autoimmune or inflammatory disorder, disease or condition mediated by Pirn kinase.
• the disclosed methods comprise administering an effective amount of any of the disclosed compounds to a mammal, for example a mammal in need of treatment for an autoimmune or inflammatory disease, disorder or condition.
• Inflammatory diseases, disorders or conditions treatable according to the disclosed methods include, but are not limited to: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, pain, inflammatory bowel diseases, respiratory disorders, skin disorders or combinations thereof.
• the inflammatory bowel diseases are selected from Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome and combinations thereof.
• the respiratory disorders are selected from asthma, rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis, nasal polyposis, nasal congestion, farmer's lung, fibroid lung, cough and combinations thereof.
• the skin disorders are selected from dermatitis, cutaneous eosinophilias, Lichen planus, urticaria, psoriasis, pruritus, angiodermas, corneal ulcers, chronic skin ulcers, conjunctivitis, vasculitides, uveitis, erythemas and combinations thereof.
• hERG the human Ether-a-go-go-Re ⁇ ated Gene
• hERG the human Ether-a-go-go-Re ⁇ ated Gene
• Some clinically successful drug candidates have the tendency to inhibit hERG which may compromise the electrical ativity of the heart and can result in a potentially fatal disorder called long QT syndrome.
• drugs capable of treating any of the diseases, conditions or disorders described herein, without substanatial concomitant inhibition of hERG may be advantageous in certain methods of treatment.
• certain embodiments of the present invention include compounds which have a hERG inhibition IC 5 o of greater than 1 ⁇ , greater than 10 ⁇ , greater than 30 ⁇ or even greater than 50 ⁇ (as determined by the Fast Patch assay available from WuXiApptec (Shanghai China)).
• the compound is also effective for treatment of the Pirn kinase mediated diseases described above.
• PIM-1 , PIM-2 and actin antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA) (Cat #3247, 4730 and 3700).
• IRDye 800CW goat anti-rabbit and IRDye 680 goat anti-mouse secondary antibodies were purchased from LI-COR (Lincoln, NE).
• the NIH-3T3/PIM-2 over- expression cell lines were generated at Epoch Life Science (Missouri City, TX) by transfecting the NIH-3T3 cell line with a PIM-2 over-expression plasmid encoding a neomycin resistance gene and selecting a stable pool resistant to G418.
• PIM-1 , PIM-2 and BAD plasmids were purchased from Origene
• HEK-293 cells (1 x10 4 ) were seeded in a 96-well plate using EMEM media with serum and incubated overnight at 37°C in 5% CO2.
• Adherent cells were transfected the next day using Effectene (Qiagen) with 0.1 g BAD + 300 pg of PIM-1 or PIM-1 KD (K67M) overexpression plasmids for 18 hours.
• Cells were serum starved for an additional 18 hours, then treated 2 hours with various concentrations of SGI-9481 or 0.5% carrier DMSO control.
• Media was removed and cells were lysed using 25 ⁇ 1 X lysis buffer from the AlphaScreen SureFire Phospho-BAD (Ser1 12) kit from Perkin Elmer. Lysates (4 ⁇ ) were transferred to a 384-well proxiplate, and 5 ⁇ of acceptor mix was added to each well and incubated for 2 hours at room temperature.
• Protein lysates were prepared from cells using an NP-40 based cell lysis buffer (30 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 120 mM NaCl, 1 % NP-40, 1 X protease inhibitor cocktail, 1 X phosphatase inhibitor cocktail I and II (Sigma)). Cells were incubated with lysis buffer for 20 minutes on ice, centrifuged at 13000 x g for 5 min at 4°C, and clarified lysate was quantified using the BCA protein assay kit (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL).
• Protein (10 pg) from PIM-1 and PIM-2 overexpressing cells and matching parental controls or 50 ⁇ g of protein from UM-UC-3 cells 48 hours post-transduction were loaded onto a 4-12% Bis-Tris NuPAGE Novex gel, transferred to nitrocellulose membrane using an iBIot transfer system. Membranes were probed with antibodies against PIM-1 , PIM- 2 or actin, then probed with rabbit or mouse IRDye secondary antibodies and imaged on an Odyssey fluorescence imaging system (LI-COR). shRNA transduction
• UM-UC-3 cells (2.5x10 5 ) were seeded in a 6-well plate in complete RPMI 1640 media, and allowed to adhere overnight at 37°C in 5% CO2.
• Cells were transduced with 8 ⁇ g mL polybrene (Sigma-Aldrich) and Lentiviral particles at an MOI of 50 based on titer values pre-determined by Sigma-Aldrich using a p24 ELISA for each batch of shRNA. Following overnight transduction, viral particle containing media was removed and replaced with fresh complete media, and cells were cultured for an additional 48 hours at 37°C in 5% CO2. Cells were trypsinized and fractions of the
• transduced cells were collected for colony formation growth assays, while the remaining cells were collected for RNA and protein isolation.
• RNA from 0.5x10 6 cells was isolated on a QIAcube (Qiagen, Santa Clarita, CA) using the protocol for purification of total RNA from animal cells (QIAshredder homogenization and on-column DNase digest), and quantified using a Nanodrop 8000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Electron, West Palm Beach, FL).
• Total RNA (1 g) was converted to cDNA in a 20 ⁇ reaction using the iScript cDNA synthesis kit (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) by incubating the reaction components for 5 minutes at 25°C, 30 minutes at 42°C, followed by 5 minutes at 85°C.
• the cDNA reaction (2 ⁇ ) was used in a 20 ⁇ PCR multiplex reaction using 1 X FAM-labeled PIM-1 , VIC-labeled actin Taqman primer sets and the Taqman gene expression master mix from Life Technologies on an iQ5 Real-Time PCR machine (Bio-Rad).
• An 8-point, half-log standard curve was generated for PIM-1 and actin messages using RNA from untreated cells.
• a linear trendline (with an R squared value >0.99) was generated by plotting log concentrations of standard vs. Ct values generated from the real-time PCR reactions. Relative message levels from shRNA treated samples were calculated based on the standard curve, normalized to actin and compared to the non-target shRNA control.
• Total staining intensity per well was determined by lysis of cells with 200 ⁇ of Triton X-100 lysis buffer (1 % Triton X-100, 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA). Lysates (100 ⁇ ) from each well were transferred to a clear 96-well plate and absorbance at 560 nm was determined on an Envision microplate reader. IC 5 0 values were determined using GraphPad Prism software. For compound treated PC-3 and UM-UC-3, cells were seeded and stained as above, but were incubated with various concentrations of test compound or DMSO one day after seeding.
• Adherent or suspension cancer cell lines were seeded at 2000- 5000 cells/well in a 96-well plate, or 1000-2000 cells/well in a 384-well plate. Suspension cells were treated with drug the same day as seeding, while adherent cells were incubated overnight at 37°Cin 5% CO2 prior to drug treatment. All cells were treated for 72 hours, then lysed with ATPIite (Perkin Elmer) and measured on an Envision microplate reader. IC 5 0 values were determined using GraphPad Prism software.
• mice were randomized and dosing of SGI-9481 or vehicle control began and continued every day for 5 days (QDx5) with 2 days off for 18-21 days. Tumor volumes and body weights were determined twice a week, and tumor weights were measured at the completion of the translational xenograft studies.
• EX. 8-5 was prepared by similar procedures as in EX. 8-1 using frans-3-aminocyclopentanol.
• EX. 8-5 was prepared by similar procedures as in EX. 8-1 using frans-3-(aminomethyl)cyclobutanol.
• EX. 8-9 was prepared by similar procedures as in EX. 8-1 using frans-4-amino-1 -methylcyclohexanol.
• EX. 8-10 was prepared by similar procedures as in EX. 8-1 using 2-(?rans-4-aminocyclohexyl)propan-2-ol.
• EX. 8-1 1 was prepared by similar procedures as in EX. 8-1 using trans-4-methoxycyclohexanamine.
• EX. 8-12 was prepared by similar procedures as in EX. 8-1 using tetrahydro-2/-/-pyran-4-amine.
• EX. 8-14 was prepared by similar procedures as in EX. 8-1 using 4-aminotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran 1 ,1 -dioxide.
• EX. 8-15 was prepared by similar procedures as in EX. 8-1 using thiomorpholine 1 ,1 -dioxide.
• EX. 8-16 was prepared by similar procedures as in EX. 8-1 using frans-4-isopropoxycyclohexanamine.
• reaction mixture was stirred 15 min at 0 °C and allowed to warm up to room temperature and kept for 30 min.
• the reaction mixture was then dissolved in CH2CI2 (200 ml_) and washed with a saturated NaHCO3.
• the organic phase was dried and condensed to compound tert-butyl 2-oxo-5,6-dihydropyridine-1 (2H)-carboxylate (2.1 g, 88.6%).
• EX. 8-25 was prepared by similar procedures as in EX. 8-1 using (S)-tert-butyl piperidin-3-ylcarbamate, and then deprotected with HCl in dioxane.
• EX. 8-29 free base and hydrochloride salt were prepared in 50 g scale according the following procedures.
• EX. 8-30 was prepared by similar procedures as in EX. 8-1 using frans-4-amino-1 -methylcyclohexanol.
• EX. 8-31 was prepared by similar procedures as in EX. 8-1 using 2-(frans-4-aminocyclohexyl)propan-2-ol.
• EX. 8-31 was prepared in 50 g scale employing the following procedures.
• EX. 8-31 Free Base
• EA 10 L
• HCl/EA HCl/EA until no further solid formed (about 100 ml_ of HCl/EA).
• the mixture was stirred at room temperature for half an hour and the solid was collected, washed with EA and dried under vacuo to give EX. 8-31 (HCl) (52.06 g, 91 .33%) as off white solid.
• EX. 8-32 to EX. 8-34 were prepared by similar procedures as in EX. 8-1 .
• EX. 8-36 to EX. 8-40 were prepared by similar procedures as in EX. 8-35.
• EX. 8-43 was prepared by similar procedures as in EX. 8-1 .
• EX. 8-47 to EX. 8-53 were prepared using similar procedures as in EX. 8-46.
• EX. 8-55 to EX. 8-60 were prepared using similar procedures as in EX. 8-54.
• EX. 8-62 to EX. 8-67 and EX. 8-69 were prepared using similar procedures as in EX. 8-61 .
• EX.8-68 was prepared using similar procedures as in EX. 8-8.

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