JP2008539277A - プロテインキナーゼインヒビター - Google Patents
プロテインキナーゼインヒビター Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008539277A JP2008539277A JP2008509205A JP2008509205A JP2008539277A JP 2008539277 A JP2008539277 A JP 2008539277A JP 2008509205 A JP2008509205 A JP 2008509205A JP 2008509205 A JP2008509205 A JP 2008509205A JP 2008539277 A JP2008539277 A JP 2008539277A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は全般に、プロテインキナーゼ活性を阻害する化合物、ならびにこれに関連する組成物および方法に関する。
癌(および他の過剰増殖性疾患)は、細胞増殖が制御不可であることを特徴とする。この細胞増殖の正常な制御の欠損は、細胞周期を経る進行を制御する細胞経路に対する遺伝子による障害の結果起こることが多いと思われる。細胞周期は、DNAの合成(S期)、細胞分裂または有糸分裂(M期)、ならびにgap1(G1)およびgap2(G2)と称する非合成期間で構成される。M期は有糸分裂および細胞質分裂(2つの細胞への分離)からなる。細胞周期のすべてのステップは、タンパク質リン酸化の整然としたカスケードにより制御されており、プロテインキナーゼのいくつかのファミリーがこれらのリン酸化ステップの実行に関与している。さらに、ヒトの腫瘍中で多くのプロテインキナーゼ活性が、正常組織中と比較して増加しており、この増加した活性はキナーゼレベルの増加、あるいは活性化補助因子または阻害タンパク質の発現における変化を含む多くの要因に起因し得る。
本発明は全般に、以下の一般構造(I):
本発明は全般に、プロテインキナーゼインヒビターとして有用な化合物ならびにこれらに関連する組成物および方法を対象とする。本発明のこのような化合物は、以下の構造(I):
Xは、NH、SまたはOであり、
Zは、CHまたはNであり、
R1およびR2は、同一または異なっており、独立して水素、ヒドロキシ、ハロ、−CN、−NO2、−NH2、−R、−OR、−SCH3、−CF3、−C(=O)OR、−OC(=O)R(式中Rは、アルキルまたは置換アルキルである)または−O(CH2)n−Rx(式中nは2〜4であり、Rxは、N−メチルピペラジン、モルホリンまたは2−メチルピロリジンである)である。
L2は、−C(=S)NH−、−NHC(=S)−、−NHC(=S)NH−、−C(=O)NH−、−NHC(=O)−、−NHC(=O)NH−、−(CH2)n−、−NH(CH2)n−、−(CH2)nNH−、−NH(CH2)nNH−、−C(=S)NH(CH2)n−、−NHC(=S)(CH2)n−、−(CH2)nC(=S)NH(CH2)n、−(CH2)nNHC(=S)(CH2)n−、−NHC(=O)−、−S(=O)2−、−S(=O)2NH−、−NHS(=O)2−(式中nは出現するごとに、同一または異なっており、独立して1、2、3または4である)であり、
wは、−S(=O)2NHC(=O)CH3、−NHC(=O)Ry、−NHS(=O)2Ry(式中Ryは、アルキルまたはシクロアルキルである)、−NH2、−NH2.HClまたは−S(=O)2−Rz(式中Rzは、アルキル、置換アルキル、アミン、N−メチルピペラジン、モルホリンおよび2−メチルピロリジンから選択される)である]を有し、これらの立体異性体、プロドラッグおよび薬学的に受容可能な塩を含む。
キナーゼインヒビターの化学的合成
1H NMRスペクトルを、内部標準として溶媒を使用してVarian400分光計で記録した。化学シフトはppmで表した(δ)。プロトン磁気共鳴の化学シフト値は、特に明記しない限り重水素化したCDCl3またはDMSOd6中で測定した。ESI質量スペクトル(MS)はVG−QuattroIIおよびPE−SEIEX(API)質量分析計で得た。薄層クロマトグラフィーは、蛍光指示薬を用いて250μmの層を被覆したMerck社 Kieselgelシリカ60プレート上で実施した。成分は、UV光(λ=254nm)およびまたはヨウ素の蒸気によって視覚化した。フラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィー分離は、70〜230メッシュ60ÅシリカゲルおよびRediSepフラッシュカラムを使用したCombiFlash companion(Teledyne ISCO)で実施した。使用したすべての溶媒は、Aldrichから入手した最高グレードの無水物である。分析HPLCは、以下を使用してWaters Breeze系で実施し、保持時間(RT)を分で示した。使用したカラムは、シンメトリーC18、5μm、4.6×150mmカラム(WAT045905)であった。感湿化合物を扱ったすべての実験は、乾燥した窒素またはアルゴンの下で行った。特に明記しない限り、出発材料は市販(Aldrich,Fluka,Lancaster and TCI)の最高グレードのものであり、さらなる精製は行わずに使用した。適用できる有機溶液は、無水Na2SO4で乾燥させ、Yamamoto RE500ロータリーエバポレーターを15〜20mmHgで使用して蒸発させた。
4−クロロ−1,2−ジメトキシ−ベンゼン(スキーム1の化合物2)の調製
500mlの温度計、CaCl2ガードチューブおよび滴下漏斗付き三つ口フラスコに、0℃で25g(23.06mL、1eq)のベラトロール(化合物1)を導入し、続けて塩化スルフリル24.42g(14.53mL、1eq)を1滴ずつ加えた。添加が完了した時に反応混合物を室温に戻して1時間後、減圧下(125〜130、0℃)で蒸留し、得られた黄色の油を収集し、乾燥させ、黄色の液体としての化合物2を得た(27.8g、89.6%)。
1−クロロ−4,5−ジメトキシ−2−ニトロベンゼン(化合物3)の調製
500mlの温度計および滴下漏斗付き三つ口フラスコに、27.8g(1eq)の1,4−クロロ−1,2−ジメトキシベンゼン(化合物2)を詰め、続いて30.43g(3eq、20.4mL)の発煙硝酸を、温度が25℃を超えないようにして一滴ずつ加えた。添加が完了した時、反応混合物を1.5時間放置し、得られた固体化合物3を水で処理し、黄色の固体をろ過し、水で洗浄し、乾燥させ、黄色の固体を得た(31.3g、89.4%)。
エチル2−シアノ−2−(4,5−ジメトキシ−2−ニトロフェニル)アセテート(化合物4)の調製
カリウム−tert−ブトキシド32.28g(2eq)をエチルシアノアセテート32.54g(30.61mL、2eq)のTHF(250mL)氷冷溶液に加え、15分間撹拌した。白い懸濁液に化合物3(1−クロロ−4,5−ジメトキシ−2−ニトロベンゼン)31.30g(1eq)を加えた後、反応混合物を加熱し24時間還流した。冷却した反応混合物を水に注ぎ、ジエチルエーテルに抽出し、溶媒を蒸発させた。得られた化合物の粗エチル2−シアノ−2−(4,5−ジメトキシ−2−ニトロフェニル)アセテート(化合物4)を、次の段階に使用する前にフラッシュカラムにより濃厚な黄色の油として精製した(9.5g22.6%)。
エチル2−アミノ−5,6−ジメトキシ−1H−インドール−3−カルボキシレート(化合物5)の調製
エチル2−シアノ−2−(4,5−ジメトキシ−2−ニトロフェニル)アセテート(化合物4)9.5g(1eq)のAcOH50ml溶液を、Zn粉末8.44g(4eq)と、65℃で12時間加熱することによって反応させた。反応混合物を冷却し、ろ過助剤を介してろ過し、AcOHを用いてよく洗浄し、ろ液を濃縮して残留物を得、得られた残留物を水で処理し、ジクロロメタンに抽出し、カラムクロマトグラフィーにより茶色の固体として精製した(4.4g、55%)。
6,7−ジメトキシ−3H−ピリミド[4,5−b]インドール−4(9H)−オン(化合物6)の調製
エチル2−アミノ−5,6−ジメトキシ−1H−インドール−3−カルボキシレート(化合物5)4.4g(1eq)、NaOMe(900mg)およびホルムアミド(50ml)の溶液を、N2下、220℃で2時間加熱した。該溶液を冷却し、2.5日保存し、ろ過した。ホルムアミドから分離した固体をろ過し、水で洗浄し、乾燥させ、暗褐色の固体としての、化合物6(6,7−ジメトキシ−4−ピペラジン−1−イル−9,9a−ジヒドロ−4aH−ピリミド[4,5−b]インドール)得を、該化合物をフラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィーによって暗褐色の固体として精製した(2.8g、70%)。
4−クロロ−6,7−ジメトキシ−9,9a−ジヒドロ−4aH−ピリミド[4,5−b]インドール(化合物7)
4−クロロ−三環構成単位およびキナゾリンを文献の方法(Pandey, A.ら、J. Med. Chem. 2002年、45巻:3772〜93頁; Matsuno, K.ら、Med. Chem. 2002年、45巻:3057〜66頁; Matsuno, K.ら、J. Med. Chem. 2002年、45巻:4513〜23頁;およびVenugopalan, B.ら、J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1988年、25巻:1633〜39頁)を使用して合成した。化合物6(2.8g)、POCl3(20ml)およびp−ジオキサン65mlの懸濁液を加熱して、6時間還流した。得られた混合物を冷却し、溶媒を蒸発させた。粗生成物を1%MeOH/DCMを使用してカラムクロマトグラフィーによって精製し、淡黄色の固体としての化合物7(2.2g、73.3%)を得た。
6,7−ジメトキシ−4−(ピペラジン−1−イル)−9H−ピリミド[4,5−b]インドール(化合物8)
化合物7をp−ジオキサン(50ml)に溶解し、ピペラジン(3.9g)を加え、続いてピリジン(5mL)を、アルゴン下で室温で加えた。反応混合物を加熱して、16時間還流し、冷却した。溶媒を真空下で除去し、DCMおよび10%MeOH溶媒系を使用した、フラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィーによって精製して粗生成物を得た。精製後に得られた化合物8は、白色がかった固体であった(3.9g、66.10%)。
N−アセチル−4−イソチオシアナト−ベンゼンスルホンアミド(スキーム2の化合物13)の調製
置換(非置換)アミンおよびまたはN−アセチル−4−アミノ−ベンゼンスルホンアミドを、DCM25mLに溶解し、0.934gのCaCO3と0.534mLのチオホスゲンとを15mLの水に溶解した溶液を加えた。反応混合物を一晩撹拌した。得られた混合物をDCMに抽出し、乾燥させ、白色の固体としての化合物13(0.462g、38.6%)を得た。
4−(6−クロロ−7−トリフルオロメチル−9H−ピリミド[4,5−b]インドール−4−イル)−ピペラジン−1−チオカルボン酸(4−アセチルスルファモイル−フェニル)−アミド(表1の化合物番号1)の調製
化合物;6−クロロ−4−(ピペラジン−1−イル)−7−(トリフルオロメチル)−9H−ピリミド[4,5−b]インドール(実施例8に示された同様の方法を使用して調製した)のDCM溶液を撹拌し、化合物13を加え、続いてピリジンを加えた。得られた反応混合物を室温で12時間撹拌した。反応の完了後、溶媒を蒸発させた。粗生成物を、DCMおよび5%MeOH溶媒系を使用してカラムクロマトグラフィーによって白色の固体として精製した(0.108g、97%)。
4−(6,7−ジメトキシ−9H−ピリミド−[4,5−b]インドール−4−イル)−ピペラジン−1−チオカルボン酸(4−アセチルスルファモイル−フェニル)−アミド(表1の化合物番号2)の調製
化合部8(実施例8に示したように調製した)のDCM溶液を撹拌し、化合物13を加え、続けてピリジンを加えた。得られた反応混合物を室温で12時間撹拌した。反応の完了後、溶媒を蒸発させた。粗生成物を、DCMおよび5%MeOH溶媒系を使用してカラムクロマトグラフィーによって、白色の固体として精製した(0.043g、59.1%)。
4−(6−クロロ−9H−ピリミド[4,5−b]インドール−4−イル)−ピペラジン−1−チオカルボン酸(4−アセチルスルファモイル−フェニル)−アミド(表1の化合物番号3)の調製
6−クロロ−4−(ピペラジン−1−イル)−9H−ピリミド[4,5−b]インドール(実施例8に示した同様の手順を使用して調製した)のDCM溶液を撹拌し、化合物13を加え、続けてピリジンを加えた。得られた反応混合物を室温で12時間撹拌した。反応の完了後、溶媒を蒸発させた。粗生成物を、DCMおよび10%MeOH溶媒系を使用してCombiFlash Companionによって、白色の固体として精製した(0.12g、63.3%)。
1−(3−クロロプロポキシ)−4−クロロ−2−メトキシベンゼン(スキーム2の化合物15)の調製
化合物14の4−クロロ−2−メトキシフェノール、炭酸セシウムおよび1−ブロモ−3−クロロプロパンをアセトニトリル中で加熱し、1時間還流した。反応混合物を冷却し、溶媒を蒸発させた。得られた残留物を水(20mL)に溶解し、DCMに抽出した。DCM層を塩水で洗浄し、乾燥させた。溶媒を蒸発させ、得られた固体をエーテルで処理し、固体を収集し、淡黄色の油としての、化合物15を得た(7.34g、99%)。
1−(3−(4−クロロ−2−メトキシフェノキシ)プロピル)−4−メチルピペラジン(スキーム2の化合物17)の調製
化合物15をアセトニトリルに溶解し、N−メチルピペラジン(2eq)を加え、得られた反応混合物を70℃に8時間加熱した。反応混合物を冷却し、溶媒を蒸発させた。残留物をジエチルエーテルで処理し、沈殿した固体をろ過し、乾燥させ、黄色がかった茶色の固体としての、黄色がかった茶色の固体を得た(5.9g、63.2%)。
1−(3−(4−クロロ−2−メトキシ−5−ニトロフェノキシ)プロピル)−4−メチルピペラジン(化合物18)の調製
酢酸を、5℃の硝酸にゆっくりと加えた。粉末にした化合物17を混合物に加え、15分間撹拌した。得られた反応混合物を室温に温め一晩撹拌した。溶媒を蒸発させ、粘性のある液体を氷水に注ぎ、NaHCO3溶液を用いて希釈した。得られた混合物を蒸発させ、ジクロロメタン中の5%MeOHを使用して、シリカカラムクロマトグラフィーにより黄色の固体として、精製した(1.8g、52.1%)。
エチル2−シアノ−2−(4−クロロ−2−ニトロフェニル)アセテートの調製
化合物4、5、6および7(スキーム1および2)のために示された同様の方法を使用して、化合物7−(3−(4−メチルピペラジン−1−イル)プロポキシ)−6−メトキシ−4−(ピペラジン−1−イル)−9H−ピリミド[4,5−b]インドールを調製した。
MP277およびMP300によるオーロラ−2キナーゼ活性の阻害
例示的化合物MP277(構造IV)およびMP300(構造III)をオーロラ−2キナーゼ阻害試験において評価した。
MP277は癌細胞毒性を引き起こす
癌細胞系の細胞殺滅を評価するために、インビトロ細胞毒性試験を実施した。使用した腫瘍細胞系はAmerican Type Culture Collectionより購入し、以下のように同定された:Panc−1(膵臓)、MiaPaCa−2(膵臓)、MCF−7(乳房)、HT−29(結腸)、U2−OS(骨肉腫)、OVCAR−3(卵巣)、HepG2(肝細胞癌)およびTT(甲状腺髄様癌)。試験は、Cell−Titer−Glo Non−Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay (Promega Corp.,Madison,WI)を利用した。まず細胞を、300mg/LのL−グルタミン、100単位/mlのペニシリン、100μg/mlのストレプトマイシンおよび10%ウシ胎児血清を添加した、RPMI1640培地(Cat# 21870−076,Invitrogen Corporation)において培養した。すべての細胞系は加湿培養器において37℃、5%CO2雰囲気で培養した。
MP277はインビボで腫瘍の増殖を阻害する
生命系において腫瘍細胞に対するMP277の有効性を評価するために、マウスにおいて異種移植片試験を実施した。1×107HT−29のヒト結腸癌細胞を、16Nu/Nu胸腺欠損マウス(Charles River Laboratories,Wilmington,MA)の皮下に注入した。腫瘍体積は、式((幅)2×長さ)/2に従って測定した。腫瘍はおよそ体積で100mm3に増殖でき(0日目)、この時点でマウスを無作為に2つの群に分けた:8匹のマウスは25mg/kgのMP277で処理し、一方他の8匹は同じ体積の薬剤の媒体を与えた。この研究のために使用した薬剤の媒体は、60%プロピレングリコール、30%ポリエチレングリコール300、10%エタノールならびに150mg/mLの2−ヒドロキシプロピル−β−シクロデキストリンであった。各マウスに、1日1回×5のスケジュールで2週間、周期の間に2日の休止をとって0.1mlの薬剤または媒体を腹腔内投与した。この研究期間を通して、薬剤または媒体からの顕著な毒性は認められなかった。この取り組みを使用して、MP277はインビボで腫瘍の増殖を阻害するために有効であることが見出され、この結果を図1に示した。
オーロラ−2キナーゼ試験および癌細胞ベースの細胞毒性試験によって決定された、例示的化合物の活性
本明細書中の例示的化合物を、原則として上記の実施例17に記載したようなオーロラ−2キナーゼ阻害試験について評価した。試験で検査した化合物は、上記の表1に説明した、化合物1、2、3、4、8、26、34、42、107および115を含んだ。
Claims (20)
- 以下の構造(I):
Xは、NH、SまたはOであり、
Zは、CHまたはNであり、
R1およびR2は、同一または異なっており、独立して水素、ヒドロキシ、ハロ、−CN、−NO2、−NH2、−R、−OR、−SCH3、−CF3、−C(=O)OR、−OC(=O)Rまたは−O(CH2)n−Rxであり、ここでRはアルキルまたは置換アルキルであり、nは2〜4であり、Rxは、N−メチルピペラジン、モルホリンまたは2−メチルピロリジンであり;
R3は、水素、−NH2、アルキル、−CNまたは−NO2であり、またはR3は−L3−Cycl3であり、ここでL3は、直接結合、−S−または−NH−であり、Cycl3は、炭素環、置換炭素環、複素環または置換複素環であり;
L2は、−C(=S)NH−、−NHC(=S)−、−NHC(=S)NH−、−C(=O)NH−、−NHC(=O)−、−NHC(=O)NH−、−(CH2)n−、−NH(CH2)n−、−(CH2)nNH−、−NH(CH2)nNH−、−C(=S)NH(CH2)n−、−NHC(=S)(CH2)n−、−(CH2)nC(=S)NH(CH2)n−、−(CH2)nNHC(=S)(CH2)n−、−NHC(=O)−、−S(=O)2−、−S(=O)2NH−、−NHS(=O)2−であり、ここでnは出現するごとに、同一または異なっており、独立して1、2、3または4であり;
wは、−S(=O)2NHC(=O)CH3、−NHC(=O)Ry、−NHS(=O)2Ry、−NH2、−NH2.HClまたは−S(=O)2−Rzであり、ここでRyは、アルキルまたはシクロアルキルであり、Rzは、アルキル、置換アルキル、アミン、N−メチルピペラジン、モルホリンおよび2−メチルピロリジンから選択される、
化合物。 - XがNHであり、ZがCHである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R1、R2およびR3が、水素、−NH2、−OCH3、−OH、−CF3、ハロまたは−O(CH2)n−Rxから選択され、ここでnは2〜4であり、Rxは、N−メチルピペラジン、モルホリンまたは2−メチルピロリジンである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- L2が−C(=S)NH−である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- wが−S(=O)2NHC(=O)CH3である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- wが−S(=O)2NHC(=O)CH3、−S(=O)2NH2または−S(=O)2CH3である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R1、R2およびR3が、水素、−NH2、−OCH3、−OH、−CF3、ハロまたは−O(CH2)n−Rxから選択され、ここでnは2〜4であり、Rxは、N−メチルピペラジン、モルホリンまたは2−メチルピロリジンであり、wが−S(=O)2NHC(=O)CH3、−S(=O)2NH2または−S(=O)2CH3である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R1およびR2が、水素、ハロ、−CH3または−OHから選択され、R3が水素であり、wが−S(=O)2NHC(=O)CH3、−S(=O)2NH2または−S(=O)2CH3である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R3が水素であり、R1およびR2が、−OCH3、−OH、−CF3、ハロまたは−O(CH2)n−Rxから選択され、ここでnは2〜4であり、Rxは、N−メチルピペラジン、モルホリンまたは2−メチルピロリジンである、請求項9に記載の化合物。
- R1およびR2が、−OCH3、−OH、−CF3またはハロから選択され、R3が水素である、請求項9に記載の化合物。
- wが、−S(=O)2NHC(=O)CH3、−S(=O)2NH2または−S(=O)2CH3である、請求項9に記載の化合物。
- R1およびR2が、−OCH3、−OH、−CF3またはハロから選択され、R3が水素であり、wが−S(=O)2NHC(=O)CH3、−S(=O)2NH2または−S(=O)2CH3である、請求項9に記載の化合物。
- R1およびR2が、−OCH3、−OH、−CF3またはハロから選択され、R3が水素であり、wが−S(=O)2NHC(=O)CH3、−S(=O)2NH2または−S(=O)2CH3である、請求項9に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1から16のいずれか一項に記載の化合物と、薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤とを組み合わせて含む組成物。
- プロテインキナーゼ媒介性疾患を治療するための方法であって、請求項17に記載の組成物の治療有効量を、これらを必要とする被験体に投与することを含む方法。
- 前記プロテインキナーゼ媒介性疾患が癌である、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記癌が、膵臓、乳房、卵巣、結腸、肝臓、甲状腺、前立腺、肺または骨の癌である、請求項18に記載の方法。
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