WO2012099259A1 - イオン性化合物、その製造方法、並びに、これを用いた電解液、及び、蓄電デバイス - Google Patents
イオン性化合物、その製造方法、並びに、これを用いた電解液、及び、蓄電デバイス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012099259A1 WO2012099259A1 PCT/JP2012/051275 JP2012051275W WO2012099259A1 WO 2012099259 A1 WO2012099259 A1 WO 2012099259A1 JP 2012051275 W JP2012051275 W JP 2012051275W WO 2012099259 A1 WO2012099259 A1 WO 2012099259A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- ionic compound
- halogen
- organic
- solvent
- Prior art date
Links
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 439
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title description 54
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 166
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910001411 inorganic cation Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 4
- -1 alkylsilyl cyanide Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 394
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 146
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 146
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 131
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 88
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 63
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005103 alkyl silyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005135 aryl sulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001979 organolithium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002734 organomagnesium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004644 alkyl sulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004391 aryl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HZXXSCOUSGLRRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanoboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C#N HZXXSCOUSGLRRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 89
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 82
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 82
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 75
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 74
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 73
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 71
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 62
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 60
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 50
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 49
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 42
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 42
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 32
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 31
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 30
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 28
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 27
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 27
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000004502 linear sweep voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 24
- SEACXNRNJAXIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(methyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(CC)CC SEACXNRNJAXIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 23
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 23
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 23
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 22
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 20
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 20
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 18
- LEIMLDGFXIOXMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl cyanide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C#N LEIMLDGFXIOXMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 17
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 16
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 15
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 15
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 14
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 13
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 13
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 13
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O triethylammonium ion Chemical compound CC[NH+](CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 11
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 9
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 9
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229960004132 diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 8
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- BTZPYKSZYQSBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-1,3,2-dioxaborolane-4,5-dione Chemical compound OB1OC(=O)C(=O)O1 BTZPYKSZYQSBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 7
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 7
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 7
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCC#N RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229940052303 ethers for general anesthesia Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 6
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- NRTLTGGGUQIRRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylazanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[NH+](CC)CC NRTLTGGGUQIRRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 6
- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyronitrile Chemical compound CCCC#N KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000003452 oxalyl group Chemical group *C(=O)C(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001226 reprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- GRVPDGGTLNKOBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethyl(methyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](C)(CC)CC GRVPDGGTLNKOBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- NIUZJTWSUGSWJI-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethyl(methyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](C)(CC)CC NIUZJTWSUGSWJI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001731 2-cyanoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C#N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 238000001897 boron-11 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001460 carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 4
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DQYBDCGIPTYXML-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxyethane;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCOCC DQYBDCGIPTYXML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 description 4
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 4
- 125000005004 perfluoroethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 4
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001325 propanoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- LCHWKMAWSZDQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silylformonitrile Chemical compound [SiH3]C#N LCHWKMAWSZDQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 4
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-O tributylazanium Chemical compound CCCC[NH+](CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JHJLETSOSKVZGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluorocyclohexene Chemical group FC1=CCCCC1 JHJLETSOSKVZGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylheptane Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)CO QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)O MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KVMLLMYIZCJDCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-1,3,2,4-dioxathiaboretane Chemical compound S1OB(O1)O KVMLLMYIZCJDCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000005997 bromomethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004063 butyryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002603 chloroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])Cl 0.000 description 3
- 125000004218 chloromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)* 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 3
- KVMPQUTWRWVTQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanatoboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)OC#N KVMPQUTWRWVTQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000006001 difluoroethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000001028 difluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical group FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003784 fluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004216 fluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)* 0.000 description 3
- 125000005816 fluoropropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000268 heptanoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000003104 hexanoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229960004592 isopropanol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl carbinol Natural products CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002801 octanoyl group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC)(=O)* 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005003 perfluorobutyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 3
- 125000005459 perfluorocyclohexyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000005007 perfluorooctyl group Chemical group FC(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)* 0.000 description 3
- 125000005009 perfluoropropyl group Chemical group FC(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)* 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 3
- ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN(CC)CC ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004205 trifluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 3
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical group O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VQQHOCOBXJTWDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ylperoxyboronic acid Chemical compound B(O)(O)OOC(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F VQQHOCOBXJTWDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QEGNUYASOUJEHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1(C)CCCCC1 QEGNUYASOUJEHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OHVLMTFVQDZYHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-2-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanone Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)C(CN1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)=O OHVLMTFVQDZYHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical compound CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)C(CN1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O HMUNWXXNJPVALC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004973 1-butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 2
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ONIKNECPXCLUHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl ONIKNECPXCLUHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JESXATFQYMPTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylphenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=C JESXATFQYMPTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CETWDUZRCINIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptanol Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)O CETWDUZRCINIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PFNHSEQQEPMLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-pentanol Chemical compound CCCC(C)CO PFNHSEQQEPMLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRJCJJKWVSSELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylnaphthalen-1-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(O)C(C)=CC=C21 SRJCJJKWVSSELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NGDNVOAEIVQRFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nonanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(C)O NGDNVOAEIVQRFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=CC=C1 WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- PRNCMAKCNVRZFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-dimethyloctan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCC(C)CCO PRNCMAKCNVRZFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SYBYTAAJFKOIEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylbutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)=O SYBYTAAJFKOIEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004975 3-butenyl group Chemical group C(CC=C)* 0.000 description 2
- NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroperbenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZRXHLJNBNWVNIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=COC2=C1 ZRXHLJNBNWVNIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MXLMTQWGSQIYOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-2-butanol Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)O MXLMTQWGSQIYOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FRDAATYAJDYRNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-3-pentanol Chemical compound CCC(C)(O)CC FRDAATYAJDYRNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHNPOQXWAMXPTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)=CC(N)=O WHNPOQXWAMXPTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZKSECIXORKHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heptan-3-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)CC RZKSECIXORKHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002099 LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015915 LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910014422 LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013200 LiNiMnCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013086 LiNiPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-O Methylammonium ion Chemical compound [NH3+]C BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229910018584 Mn 2-x O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylformamide Chemical compound CNC=O ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydropyran Chemical compound C1CCOCC1 DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SKPBPQKGMLOEBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [ethyl(dimethyl)silyl]formonitrile Chemical compound CC[Si](C)(C)C#N SKPBPQKGMLOEBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005110 aryl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229950005499 carbon tetrachloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011097 chromatography purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011300 coal pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(i) cyanide Chemical compound [Cu+].N#[C-] DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007333 cyanation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PQANGXXSEABURG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohex-2-en-1-ol Chemical compound OC1CCCC=C1 PQANGXXSEABURG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- JEWSJYPZJZGSMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium dioxidoboranylformonitrile Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])C#N JEWSJYPZJZGSMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl carbonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006181 electrochemical material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003759 ester based solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 2
- MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl benzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-ethoxycarbonylcarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC(=O)OCC PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-O ethylaminium Chemical compound CC[NH3+] QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CCC1CCCCC1 IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical group FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-caprolactone Chemical compound CCC1CCC(=O)O1 JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N guaiacol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1O LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QNVRIHYSUZMSGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(C)O QNVRIHYSUZMSGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOCHHNOQQHDWHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-3-ol Chemical compound CCCC(O)CC ZOCHHNOQQHDWHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AILKHAQXUAOOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCCC#N AILKHAQXUAOOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AOGQPLXWSUTHQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(C)=O AOGQPLXWSUTHQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyronitrile Chemical compound CC(C)C#N LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000555 isopropenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(\*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940040692 lithium hydroxide monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium hydroxide monohydrate Substances [Li+].O.[OH-] GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QWDJLDTYWNBUKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O QWDJLDTYWNBUKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000000346 malonyl group Chemical group C(CC(=O)*)(=O)* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LULAYUGMBFYYEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N metachloroperbenzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 LULAYUGMBFYYEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NUKZAGXMHTUAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)OC NUKZAGXMHTUAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JGHZJRVDZXSNKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OC JGHZJRVDZXSNKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNBDRPTVWVGKBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl pentanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)OC HNBDRPTVWVGKBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTBFPVLHGVYOQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl phenyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XTBFPVLHGVYOQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclopentane Chemical compound CC1CCCC1 GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002816 methylsulfanyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S[*] 0.000 description 2
- DAZXVJBJRMWXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylethylamine Chemical compound CCN(C)C DAZXVJBJRMWXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl methyl ketone Natural products CCCCC(C)=O QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl alcohol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CO KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCO ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- SJWFXCIHNDVPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)O SJWFXCIHNDVPSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLYBTZIQSIBWLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(C)=O YLYBTZIQSIBWLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentachloro-phenol Natural products OC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCC(C)O JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AQIXEPGDORPWBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)CC AQIXEPGDORPWBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000286 phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 2
- WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionic anhydride Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(=O)CC WYVAMUWZEOHJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylbenzene Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)O1 RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002730 succinyl group Chemical group C(CCC(=O)*)(=O)* 0.000 description 2
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical compound CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006337 tetrafluoro ethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C CZDYPVPMEAXLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005309 thioalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004665 trialkylsilyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MKMPBMJIGMMCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylsilylformonitrile Chemical compound CC[Si](CC)(CC)C#N MKMPBMJIGMMCPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005034 trifluormethylthio group Chemical group FC(S*)(F)F 0.000 description 2
- CCZXMDQFIVMWMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethoxyboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)OC(F)(F)F CCZXMDQFIVMWMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWKJTNBSKNUMFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)F MWKJTNBSKNUMFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GTLDTDOJJJZVBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc cyanide Chemical compound [Zn+2].N#[C-].N#[C-] GTLDTDOJJJZVBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKBCQQWUOWZWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxyboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)OC(=O)C(F)(F)F YKBCQQWUOWZWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-QPJJXVBHSA-N (E)-cinnamaldehyde Chemical compound O=C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORTVZLZNOYNASJ-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-but-2-ene-1,4-diol Chemical compound OC\C=C/CO ORTVZLZNOYNASJ-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(O)C(F)(F)F BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDQXKKFRNOPRDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-triethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)(OCC)OCC NDQXKKFRNOPRDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical class FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVPUTYICKDDWCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OC(F)(F)C(O)(F)F JVPUTYICKDDWCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXBVAXWHKRWODI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OC(F)C(O)(F)F FXBVAXWHKRWODI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GARJMFRQLMUUDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound C[N+]1(C)CCCC1 GARJMFRQLMUUDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCUGPPHNMASOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CC=1N(C)C=C[N+]=1C KCUGPPHNMASOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCAQPYOVLSLQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-difluoroethane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OC(F)C(O)F YCAQPYOVLSLQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAHUKNBUIVOJJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C1C2=CC=CN2CCN1 FAHUKNBUIVOJJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005968 1-Decanol Substances 0.000 description 1
- PZHIWRCQKBBTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCC PZHIWRCQKBBTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIHOUJYFWMURBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 NIHOUJYFWMURBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWQYPLXGJIXMMV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 GWQYPLXGJIXMMV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MBDUIEKYVPVZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)CC MBDUIEKYVPVZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNVQPXNRAJFKQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoroethane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCC(O)F QNVQPXNRAJFKQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-O 1-methylimidazole Chemical compound CN1C=C[NH+]=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- VTRRCXRVEQTTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfinylethane Chemical compound CCS(C)=O VTRRCXRVEQTTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBJCDTIWNDBNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CCS(C)(=O)=O YBJCDTIWNDBNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOPDRZXCEAKHHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pentoxypentane Chemical compound CCCCCOCCCCC AOPDRZXCEAKHHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOGFHTGYPKWWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethyloxan-4-one Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O1 NOGFHTGYPKWWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBNGYFFABRKICK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F XBNGYFFABRKICK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNYXHSLVKXGAFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxybutanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(O)C(O)C#N RNYXHSLVKXGAFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLZDDCMPOSSPQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxypropanenitrile Chemical compound OCC(O)C#N GLZDDCMPOSSPQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNRVRWHPZZOTIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpentan-1-ol Chemical compound OCC(C)CC(C)(C)C ZNRVRWHPZZOTIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAYAKMPRFGNNFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethylpentan-3-ol Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)C BAYAKMPRFGNNFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKFQMDFSDQFAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CC(C)S(=O)(=O)C1 WKFQMDFSDQFAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APGLXTXFTYAQKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxybenzonitrile Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C(C#N)=C1 APGLXTXFTYAQKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanone Chemical compound C1CN(CC2=NNN=C21)CC(=O)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CN=C(N=C4)NCC5=CC(=CC=C5)OC(F)(F)F LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-4-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C(O)=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZFGKBQHQJVAHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 BZFGKBQHQJVAHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCASXYBKJHWFMY-NSCUHMNNSA-N 2-Buten-1-ol Chemical compound C\C=C\CO WCASXYBKJHWFMY-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACUZDYFTRHEKOS-SNVBAGLBSA-N 2-Decanol Natural products CCCCCCCC[C@@H](C)O ACUZDYFTRHEKOS-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNVRIHYSUZMSGM-LURJTMIESA-N 2-Hexanol Natural products CCCC[C@H](C)O QNVRIHYSUZMSGM-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylpentane Chemical compound CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)N1CCN(CC1)CC(=O)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 WZFUQSJFWNHZHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetyloxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOC(C)=O JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004974 2-butenyl group Chemical group C(C=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- XPEOTZMXIWGSAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butylhexanamide Chemical compound CCCCC(C(N)=O)CCCC XPEOTZMXIWGSAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVRPPTGLVPEMPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyclohexylphenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C1CCCCC1 MVRPPTGLVPEMPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXSFQOGTWKUFLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylcyclohexen-1-ol Chemical compound CCC1=C(O)CCCC1 DXSFQOGTWKUFLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGJSWHVQHRPELC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylnonan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(CC)CO GGJSWHVQHRPELC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHZCERSEMVWNHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybenzonitrile Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C#N CHZCERSEMVWNHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSRJQSLZNQJMDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethoxymethyl(trimethyl)azanium Chemical compound COCCOC[N+](C)(C)C JSRJQSLZNQJMDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVIKUAVXSRNDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxynaphthalen-1-ol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(O)C(OC)=CC=C21 QVIKUAVXSRNDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFPQDYSOPQHZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxypropanenitrile Chemical compound COC(C)C#N SFPQDYSOPQHZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FPALFFYLFYUUHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylcyclohexen-1-ol Chemical compound CC1=C(O)CCCC1 FPALFFYLFYUUHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGRUUTLDBCWYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhexan-3-ol Chemical compound CCCC(O)C(C)C RGRUUTLDBCWYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXDHCNNESPLIKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylhexane Natural products CCCCC(C)C GXDHCNNESPLIKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPPLREPCQJZDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)CCC#N FPPLREPCQJZDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001494 2-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- AEXMKKGTQYQZCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylpentane Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)CC AEXMKKGTQYQZCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSPTYLOMNJNZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Buten-1-ol Chemical compound OCCC=C ZSPTYLOMNJNZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004080 3-carboxypropanoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(O[H])=O 0.000 description 1
- VWIIJDNADIEEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one Chemical compound CN1CCOC1=O VWIIJDNADIEEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAJJUFUPJGVIFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC1CC(=O)NC1=O KAJJUFUPJGVIFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCS(=O)(=O)C1 CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFMGYULNQJPJCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound OCC1COC(=O)O1 JFMGYULNQJPJCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTDMYWXTWWFLGJ-JTQLQIEISA-N 4-Decanol Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CCC DTDMYWXTWWFLGJ-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- XWNSFEAWWGGSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-acetyl-4-methylheptanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC(C)(C(=O)C)CCC#N XWNSFEAWWGGSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-pentanol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)O WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQWCXKGKQLNYQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylcyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound CC1CCC(O)CC1 MQWCXKGKQLNYQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWQSAIIDOMEEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-Dimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC1CC(=O)OC1(C)C AWQSAIIDOMEEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003026 Acene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016467 AlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017115 AlSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RAFYDKXYXRZODZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Anhydride-Octanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCC RAFYDKXYXRZODZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017008 AsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KXDAEFPNCMNJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KXDAEFPNCMNJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUIBRZYKBIOFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCN(CC)CC.N#CB(C#N)C#N Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC.N#CB(C#N)C#N GUIBRZYKBIOFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFIMZGVNNQJOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CSB(O)O Chemical compound CSB(O)O FFIMZGVNNQJOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004966 Carbon aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloramine Chemical compound ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021594 Copper(II) fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YYLLIJHXUHJATK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 YYLLIJHXUHJATK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXQPUEQDBSPXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisobutylcarbinol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(O)CC(C)C HXQPUEQDBSPXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000243251 Hydra Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000174 L-prolyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]1([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011458 Li4/3 Ti5/3O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010090 LiAlO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010586 LiFeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014252 LiMn1.6Ni0.4O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014411 LiNi1/2Mn1/2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000106 Liquid crystal polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004977 Liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005641 Methyl octanoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- LOMVENUNSWAXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl oxalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=O)OC LOMVENUNSWAXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHLUUHNLEMFGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylacetamide Chemical compound CNC(C)=O OHLUUHNLEMFGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020808 NaBF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017018 Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017229 Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005881 NiSi 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YLGREHMFPNUKCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N OB(O)OS(F)(=O)=O Chemical compound OB(O)OS(F)(=O)=O YLGREHMFPNUKCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(N)=O YIKSCQDJHCMVMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282376 Panthera tigris Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004153 Potassium bromate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrrolidinium ion Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]C1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910018286 SbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylene glycol, Natural products OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001007 Tl alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RHQDFWAXVIIEBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroethanol Chemical compound OCC(F)(F)F RHQDFWAXVIIEBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LIHCSPFJNOOKIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].C=1C=CC=CC=1[Cu]C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [Li].C=1C=CC=CC=1[Cu]C1=CC=CC=C1 LIHCSPFJNOOKIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQCYIQBYFCQMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].C[Cu]C Chemical compound [Li].C[Cu]C LQCYIQBYFCQMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVFLPFPZKPPMKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-]B([O-])OOC(C(F)(F)F)=O.[Li+].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])OOC(C(F)(F)F)=O.[Li+].[Li+] IVFLPFPZKPPMKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGZSVZMBPILDTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]formonitrile Chemical compound N#C[Si](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 AGZSVZMBPILDTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPYHPZCCJYTANC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [dimethyl(propan-2-yl)silyl]formonitrile Chemical compound CC(C)[Si](C)(C)C#N CPYHPZCCJYTANC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWAKIXKDPQTVTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]formonitrile Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)C#N CWAKIXKDPQTVTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000738 acetamido group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)N([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid phenyl ester Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZSIFDFXFAXICF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetolactone Chemical compound O=C1CO1 HZSIFDFXFAXICF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007960 acetonitrile Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RVKFAZOWOXLAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyloxyboronic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OB(O)O RVKFAZOWOXLAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VLLNJDMHDJRNFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N adamantan-1-ol Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC2CC1(O)C3 VLLNJDMHDJRNFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005073 adamantyl group Chemical group C12(CC3CC(CC(C1)C3)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adiponitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001615 alkaline earth metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940072049 amyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous amyl acetate Natural products CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005104 aryl silyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSRFYFHZPSGRQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(tributyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 QSRFYFHZPSGRQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBQDSLGFSUGBBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(triethyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VBQDSLGFSUGBBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOUGRGFIHBUKRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(trimethyl)azanium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YOUGRGFIHBUKRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEZXCJBBBCKRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-propiolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCO1 VEZXCJBBBCKRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JYPVGDJNZGAXBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Bi] JYPVGDJNZGAXBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPMPPLLFRVLXCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OB(O)O.CS(O)(=O)=O OPMPPLLFRVLXCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHHKLPNSSBHPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid trifluoromethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound B(O)(O)O.FC(S(=O)(=O)O)(F)F UFHHKLPNSSBHPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYYIVELXUANFED-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromo(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Br IYYIVELXUANFED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMIAZBRRZANGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-ene-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCC(O)C=C ITMIAZBRRZANGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJBYUPBUSUVUFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;carbonic acid Chemical compound C=CC=C.OC(O)=O CJBYUPBUSUVUFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNCZNSNPXMPCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanediamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CCC(N)=O SNCZNSNPXMPCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHASWHZGWUONAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCC YHASWHZGWUONAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006226 butoxyethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-O butylazanium Chemical compound CCCC[NH3+] HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZRXGCJAFQUBZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical class OC(O)=O.CC1COC(=O)O1 ZRXGCJAFQUBZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001721 carboxyacetyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YCXVDEMHEKQQCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro-dimethyl-propan-2-ylsilane Chemical compound CC(C)[Si](C)(C)Cl YCXVDEMHEKQQCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnamic aldehyde Natural products O=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940117916 cinnamic aldehyde Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWFAVIIMQDUCRA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Cu+2] GWFAVIIMQDUCRA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005443 coulometric titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QWJNFFYFEKXZBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanocyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC#N QWJNFFYFEKXZBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004802 cyanophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RVJVAMZRPQBPEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohex-2-ene-1,1-diol Chemical compound OC1(O)CCCC=C1 RVJVAMZRPQBPEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABZZOPIABWYXSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohex-3-en-1-ol Chemical compound OC1CCC=CC1 ABZZOPIABWYXSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTMWGXABXQTZRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene-1-carbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CCCCC1 GTMWGXABXQTZRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004210 cyclohexylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XCIXKGXIYUWCLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanol Chemical compound OC1CCCC1 XCIXKGXIYUWCLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ACUZDYFTRHEKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(C)O ACUZDYFTRHEKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTDMYWXTWWFLGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-4-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCC DTDMYWXTWWFLGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-O dibutylazanium Chemical compound CCCC[NH2+]CCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- NCQDQONETMHUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloro(phenyl)borane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 NCQDQONETMHUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODMXAJYMCILQRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyanatoborinic acid Chemical compound N#COB(O)OC#N ODMXAJYMCILQRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBFSWOIMIKXURM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyanoborinic acid Chemical compound B(O)(C#N)C#N VBFSWOIMIKXURM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- UAEWCWCMYQAIDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl methyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OC)OCC UAEWCWCMYQAIDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCAFPWNGIUBUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound CCS(=O)CC CCAFPWNGIUBUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-O diethylammonium Chemical compound CC[NH2+]CC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- UBPGILLNMDGSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol diacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOCCOC(C)=O UBPGILLNMDGSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylzinc Chemical compound CC[Zn]CC HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URSLCTBXQMKCFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrogenborate Chemical compound OB(O)[O-] URSLCTBXQMKCFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMBQBQBNOXIFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium Chemical compound [Li][Li] SMBQBQBNOXIFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCTHFAPVESZNQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium 4-dioxidoboranyloxybenzene-1,2,3-tricarbonitrile Chemical compound B(OC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)C#N)C#N)C#N)([O-])[O-].[Li+].[Li+] UCTHFAPVESZNQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEARPNGFJMZZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium dioxidoboranyloxymethanetricarbonitrile Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])OC(C#N)(C#N)C#N HEARPNGFJMZZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLPYIPQEIBIUNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium dioxidoboranylsulfanylmethanetricarbonitrile Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])SC(C#N)(C#N)C#N HLPYIPQEIBIUNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- DMHKHAWLXIYNLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxyalumane Chemical group CO[AlH]OC DMHKHAWLXIYNLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEFHKMDVYHALDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxyaluminum Chemical compound CO[Al]OC MEFHKMDVYHALDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGQYPPBGSLZBEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(dioctadecyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC OGQYPPBGSLZBEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIOJGTBNHQAVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)azanium Chemical compound C=CC[N+](C)(C)CC=C YIOJGTBNHQAVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethylalumanylium;chloride Chemical compound C[Al](C)Cl JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AXAZMDOAUQTMOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylzinc Chemical compound C[Zn]C AXAZMDOAUQTMOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002228 disulfide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UZZWBUYVTBPQIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dme dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC.COCCOC UZZWBUYVTBPQIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUVUOGQBMYCBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dmpu Chemical compound CN1CCCN(C)C1=O GUVUOGQBMYCBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000866 electrolytic etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005448 ethoxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005745 ethoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- ZIUSEGSNTOUIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-cyanoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC#N ZIUSEGSNTOUIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQVXMIPNQMYRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl dimethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OC)OC JQVXMIPNQMYRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000219 ethylidene group Chemical group [H]C(=[*])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BLHLJVCOVBYQQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CC BLHLJVCOVBYQQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004705 ethylthio group Chemical group C(C)S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCASXYBKJHWFMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-methylallyl alcohol Natural products CC=CCO WCASXYBKJHWFMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940052308 general anesthetics halogenated hydrocarbons Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaronitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCC#N ZTOMUSMDRMJOTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycolonitrile Natural products N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC([O-])=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-O hexylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCC[NH3+] BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 1
- LHJOPRPDWDXEIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium lithium Chemical compound [Li].[In] LHJOPRPDWDXEIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LSACYLWPPQLVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid anhydride Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)C LSACYLWPPQLVSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate Chemical compound [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRXWMOHMRWLFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoniazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 QRXWMOHMRWLFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWBYWOBDOCUKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isonicotinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 TWBYWOBDOCUKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUBZATZOEPUUQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isononane Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)C ZUBZATZOEPUUQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropanol acetate Natural products CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940011051 isopropyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M isovalerate Chemical compound CC(C)CC([O-])=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QHDRKFYEGYYIIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleronitrile Chemical compound CC(C)CC#N QHDRKFYEGYYIIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JWZCKIBZGMIRSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Pb] JWZCKIBZGMIRSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- ARNWQMJQALNBBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium carbide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[C-]#[C-] ARNWQMJQALNBBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DVJXWGUUOPZAMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium thallium Chemical compound [Li].[Tl] DVJXWGUUOPZAMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylpropane Chemical compound [Li+].C[C-](C)C UBJFKNSINUCEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBYQHFPBWKKZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;benzene Chemical compound [Li+].C1=CC=[C-]C=C1 DBYQHFPBWKKZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;butane Chemical compound [Li+].CC[CH-]C WGOPGODQLGJZGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDGSUPBDGKOGQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;dimethylazanide Chemical compound [Li+].C[N-]C YDGSUPBDGKOGQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBEREOHJDYAKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;propane Chemical compound [Li+].CC[CH2-] XBEREOHJDYAKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OTCKOJUMXQWKQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[Br-] OTCKOJUMXQWKQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LWLPYZUDBNFNAH-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;butane;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].CCC[CH2-] LWLPYZUDBNFNAH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NXPHGHWWQRMDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;carbanide;bromide Chemical compound [CH3-].[Mg+2].[Br-] NXPHGHWWQRMDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FRIJBUGBVQZNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;ethane;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[CH2-]C FRIJBUGBVQZNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RMGJCSHZTFKPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;ethene;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[CH-]=C RMGJCSHZTFKPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YAMQOOCGNXAQGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;methylbenzene;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].CC1=CC=CC=[C-]1 YAMQOOCGNXAQGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LVKCSZQWLOVUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;propane;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].C[CH-]C LVKCSZQWLOVUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UGVPKMAWLOMPRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;propane;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].CC[CH2-] UGVPKMAWLOMPRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- WRIRWRKPLXCTFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N malonamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CC(N)=O WRIRWRKPLXCTFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKHUSADXXDNRPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N malonic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)O1 KKHUSADXXDNRPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002697 manganese compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011302 mesophase pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DCUFMVPCXCSVNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(=O)C(C)=C DCUFMVPCXCSVNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWOLYJHVZKMBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(trimethyl)azanium Chemical compound CO[N+](C)(C)C LWOLYJHVZKMBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHDIHPNJQVDFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxycyclohexane Chemical compound COC1CCCCC1 GHDIHPNJQVDFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004184 methoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- IHESQZLZVAYYMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl butanoate propanoic acid Chemical compound CCC(O)=O.CCCC(=O)OC IHESQZLZVAYYMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHIWKHZACMWKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl isobutyrate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)C BHIWKHZACMWKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- DVSDBMFJEQPWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyllithium Chemical compound C[Li] DVSDBMFJEQPWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006216 methylsulfinyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004170 methylsulfonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZEOQPNRYUCROGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dibutylbutan-1-amine;hydrobromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[NH+](CCCC)CCCC ZEOQPNRYUCROGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylacetamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(C)=O AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEWVCDMEDQYCHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylethanamine;hydron;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CC[NH+](CC)CC XEWVCDMEDQYCHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKLYDESVXZKCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diphenylacetamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C(=O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 DKLYDESVXZKCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTHFROHDIWGWFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl-n-methylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN(C)CCCC MTHFROHDIWGWFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNVRJGIVDSQCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-n-methylethanamine Chemical compound CCN(C)CC GNVRJGIVDSQCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011331 needle coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001317 nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000018 nitroso group Chemical group N(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-O octylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[NH3+] IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002905 orthoesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000489 osmium tetroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PFPYHYZFFJJQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC1=O PFPYHYZFFJJQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- DUCKXCGALKOSJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanoyl pentanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCCC DUCKXCGALKOSJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KRIOVPPHQSLHCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl propionaldehyde Natural products CCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KRIOVPPHQSLHCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenylacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940049953 phenylacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940067107 phenylethyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ANRQGKOBLBYXFM-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenylmagnesium bromide Chemical compound Br[Mg]C1=CC=CC=C1 ANRQGKOBLBYXFM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000003170 phenylsulfonyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- IBIRZFNPWYRWOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphane;phosphoric acid Chemical class P.OP(O)(O)=O IBIRZFNPWYRWOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVZVCSNXTFCBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanyl Chemical group [PH2] FVZVCSNXTFCBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DFOXKPDFWGNLJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pinacolyl alcohol Chemical compound CC(O)C(C)(C)C DFOXKPDFWGNLJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006253 pitch coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M pivalate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C([O-])=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001470 polyketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940094037 potassium bromate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019396 potassium bromate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DPLVEEXVKBWGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[K+].[K+] DPLVEEXVKBWGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ARJOQCYCJMAIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=C ARJOQCYCJMAIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000380 propiolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000006225 propoxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005767 propoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[#8]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DEDZSLCZHWTGOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylcyclohexane Chemical class CCCC1CCCCC1 DEDZSLCZHWTGOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSFBJERFMQCEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylidene Chemical group [CH]CC OSFBJERFMQCEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001577 simple distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUXNAKZDHHEHPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Br(=O)=O XUXNAKZDHHEHPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium cyanide Chemical compound [Na+].N#[C-] MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHQKEDIOMGYHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dimethylarsinate Chemical compound [Na+].C[As](C)([O-])=O IHQKEDIOMGYHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC#N IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011271 tar pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950011008 tetrachloroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YFZDLRVCXDBOPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraheptylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCC[N+](CCCCCCC)(CCCCCCC)CCCCCCC YFZDLRVCXDBOPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTIFFPXSSXFQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahexylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC DTIFFPXSSXFQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGZJYNRFVQFBLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)azanium Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)[N+](C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F NGZJYNRFVQFBLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHYBTAZWINMGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraoctylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[N+](CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC CHYBTAZWINMGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropylammonium Chemical compound CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KLBOFRLEHJAXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC KLBOFRLEHJAXIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl borate Chemical compound CCOB(OCC)OCC AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYHSGOHECNGNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(methoxymethyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)COC KDYHSGOHECNGNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZCZNEGTXVXAAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethanol Chemical compound OC(F)(F)F WZCZNEGTXVXAAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYQLXUQNYAWCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethylperoxyboronic acid Chemical compound FC(OOB(O)O)(F)F TYQLXUQNYAWCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLTJDUOFAQWHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl pentane Natural products CCCCC(C)(C)C FLTJDUOFAQWHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZCCRNNBFOWIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(propoxy)azanium Chemical compound CCCO[N+](C)(C)C AZCCRNNBFOWIIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNEOHLHCKGUAEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylphenylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNEOHLHCKGUAEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQKNBDOVPOZPLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilylmethanol Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)CO ZQKNBDOVPOZPLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQBSGRWMSNFIPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxane Chemical compound C1COOOC1 KQBSGRWMSNFIPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003221 volumetric titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010920 waste tyre Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940102001 zinc bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc iodide Chemical compound I[Zn]I UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QXXJGZQLPDQOPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M zinc;benzene;iodide Chemical compound I[Zn+].C1=CC=[C-]C=C1 QXXJGZQLPDQOPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
- H01G9/035—Liquid electrolytes, e.g. impregnating materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/62—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2004—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte
- H01G9/2018—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte characterised by the ionic charge transport species, e.g. redox shuttles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ionic compound, a method for producing the same, an electrolytic solution using the same, and a storage device.
- An ionic compound and an electrolyte material containing the same are used for ion conductors such as various batteries by ion conduction, and in addition to a battery having a charge / discharge mechanism such as a primary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery or a fuel cell, an electric field It is used for electrochemical devices, such as a capacitor, an electric double layer capacitor, a lithium ion capacitor, a solar cell, and an electrochromic display element.
- ionic compounds suitably used for these electrochemical devices, and examples thereof include hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate, trifluoromethylsulfonylimide (TFSI), dicyanoamide (DCA), Alkali metal salts or organic cation salts such as tricyanomethide (TCM) have been proposed.
- TMSI trifluoromethylsulfonylimide
- DCA dicyanoamide
- TCM tricyanomethide
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 among the above-mentioned ionic compounds, compounds having an anion having a structure in which N, C, B, etc. are central elements and a cyano group is bonded thereto are studied.
- An ionic compound having an anion of the above structure is excellent in ion conductivity and exhibits properties such as thermal, physical and electrochemical stability, indicating that it is suitably used as an electrolyte of various electrochemical devices. It is done.
- TCB salt tetracyanoborate ([B - (CN) 4 ], sometimes hereinafter referred to as TCB)
- TCB salt An ionic compound (TCB salt) having an anion of The TCB salt has a property as an ionic liquid, that is, a liquid which is liquid even at room temperature and is stable thermally, physically, and electrochemically, and therefore, it can be used for various applications in addition to the production method thereof.
- the application is examined (patent documents 3 and 4).
- Patent Document 5 discloses an ionic compound in which a part of a cyano group bonded to boron of TCB is substituted with an alkoxy group or a thioalkoxy group, and the ionic compound is useful as an ionic liquid or the like. It is stated that it is.
- JP 2004-165131 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-6240 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2006-517546 WO 2010/021391 pamphlet International Publication No. 2010/086131 brochure
- a storage device used for a power source of a mobile phone, a personal computer, a home appliance, a car, etc. is considered.
- demands for miniaturization and high performance are increasing year by year, and high power storage devices are required.
- an ionic compound for the improvement of the performance of the storage device, it is also conceivable to study an ionic compound. That is, if the substituent of cyanoborate can be converted to any substituent, physical properties such as melting point and solubility in an organic solvent can be changed according to the application while having properties as TCB, and the above-mentioned request It is considered possible to provide an ionic compound suitable for the present invention.
- the cyanoborate salt has a very high affinity for water, and it has been clarified by the studies of the present inventors that it is difficult to reduce the water content even when heated to high temperatures. That is, in the compounds containing cyano anions, moisture and free CN - liable to remain in the ionic compound produced is, if it contains such impurities, the lower the heat resistance of the ionic compound Tend.
- the present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an ionic compound containing cyanoborate, in particular, an ionic compound having a reduced content of a predetermined impurity.
- an electrolyte material for a storage device which is difficult to be decomposed even under high voltage, an electrolyte material having a reduced water content which adversely affects the electrochemical characteristics of the storage device, And it is providing the electrical storage device using this electrolyte material.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention is characterized by containing the ionic compound represented by the general formula (1) and a solvent.
- M n + ([B (CN) 4-m Y m ] - ) n (1)
- M n + represents a monovalent, divalent or trivalent organic or inorganic cation, and Y is a halogen, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms of the main chain which may have a halogen
- —C (O) R 14 , —S (O) 1 R 14 , —Z (R 14 ) 2 or —XR 14 wherein R 14 is H, halogen, or having 1 to 10 atoms in the main chain Z represents N or P, X represents O or S, l represents an integer of 1 to 2, m represents an integer of 1 to 3, and n is an integer of 1 to 3
- Y is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the main chain which may have a halogen, —C (O) R 14 , -S (O) 1 R 14 , -Z (R 14 ) 2 or -XR 14 is preferable, and Y is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the main chain which may have halogen. Or -OR 14 is more preferred.
- the ionic compound in which Mn + is a metal ion and the ionic compound in which Mn + is an organic cation are all preferred embodiments of the present invention.
- the present invention also includes devices using the above-mentioned electrolytic solution.
- M n + ([B (CN) 4-m Y m ] - ) n (1)
- M n + represents a monovalent, divalent or trivalent organic or inorganic cation
- Y represents halogen, or a main chain having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a halogen) hydrocarbon radical
- -C (O) R 14, -S (O) l R 14, represents -Z (R 14) 2 or -XR 14, R 14 is, H, halogen, or atoms in the main chain 1 to 10 represent an organic substituent
- Z represents N or P
- X represents O or S
- l represents an integer of 1 to 2
- m represents an integer of 1 to 3
- n is 1 to Represents an integer of 3.
- M n + ([B (CN) 4-m Y m ] - ) n (1)
- carbon in the main chain in which Y is -OR 14 and the organic substituent represented by R 14 may have a halogen
- the compound is an alkylsulfonyl group of 1 to 10, an arylsulfonyl group of 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may have halogen, or an alkylsilyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the present invention also includes an ionic compound represented by the general formula (6), which is characterized in that the content of water as an impurity is 3000 ppm or less.
- M n + ([B (CN) 4-m (XR 14 ) m ] - ) n (6)
- M n + represents a monovalent, divalent or trivalent organic or inorganic cation
- X represents O or S
- R 14 represents H, halogen, or the number of atoms in the main chain is 1
- m represents an integer of 1 to 3
- n represents an integer of 1 to 3
- the above-mentioned ionic compound preferably has a CN - content as an impurity of 10000 ppm or less.
- the present invention also includes a method for producing the ionic compound represented by the general formula (6).
- the production method of the present invention is characterized in that a cyanide compound, a boron compound, and a halogen salt of an organic or inorganic cation are reacted.
- Mn + ([B (CN) 4-m (XR 14 ) m ] - ) n (6)
- Mn + represents a monovalent, divalent or trivalent organic or inorganic cation
- X represents O or S
- R 14 represents H, halogen, or the number of atoms in the main chain Represents an organic substituent of 1 to 10
- m represents an integer of 1 to 3
- n represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- the cyanide compound is preferably a trialkylsilyl cyanide.
- the ionic compound of the present invention represented by the above general formula (1) is considered to be less likely to cause deterioration of physical properties derived from the impurities contained in the ionic compound, since the content of the predetermined impurities is reduced.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention containing the ionic compound (1) and a solvent is less likely to cause decomposition even in a high voltage range.
- it is possible to obtain an electrolyte material such as an electrolyte solution having a reduced water content and the like that adversely affect the electrochemical characteristics of the storage device. Therefore, by using the electrolyte material of the present invention for the electrolytic solution, an electrolytic solution having good voltage resistance can be obtained.
- this electrolytic solution is less likely to cause corrosion and deterioration of a storage device member such as an electrode, and as a result, deterioration of the electrochemical characteristics of the storage device can also be suppressed.
- cyanoborate salts having 1 to 3 cyano groups and optional substituents can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the LSV measurement results of Experimental Example 2-3-1.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the LSV measurement results of Experimental Example 2-3-2.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of the initial charge and discharge test of Experimental Example 2-4.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the LSV measurement results of Experimental Example 4-2.
- the ionic compound according to the present invention is a compound represented by the general formula (1); Mn + ([B (CN) 4-m Y m ] ⁇ ) n (hereinafter referred to as ionic compound (1) It is an ionic compound comprising an organic or inorganic cation represented by Mn + and a cyanoborate anion represented by ([B (CN) 4-m Y m ] ⁇ ).
- Y is a halogen, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms of the main chain which may have a halogen, -C (O) R 14 , -S (O) l R 14 , -Z (R 14 ) 2 or -XR 14 is represented, R 14 is H, halogen, or an organic substituent having 1 to 10 atoms in the main chain, and Z is N or P (preferably N represents N, X represents O or S (preferably O), l represents an integer of 1 to 2, m represents an integer of 1 to 3, and n represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- the ionic compound (1) according to the present invention is a cyanoborate anion constituting the ionic compound (1), which is a TCB salt in that a part of the cyano group bound to boron is substituted with a Y group. It is different. That is, while the TCB salt has a structure in which only a cyano group is directly bonded to boron, the ionic compound (1) according to the present invention has a structure in which a cyano group and a Y group are bonded to boron. There is. Therefore, due to the difference in the structure, it is expected to have physical properties different from those of the TCB salt in terms of melting point and solubility in organic solvents.
- Cyanoborate anion [B (CN) 4-m Y m ] - Cyano anions according to the present invention, the boron, a cyano group: and -CN, -Y are bonded to the general formula: [B (CN) 4- m Y m] - has a structure represented by.
- m is an integer of 1 to 3
- m is The cyanoborate anions of 2 dicyanoborate anions: [B (CN) 2 Y 2 ] ⁇
- Y is a halogen, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms of the main chain which may have a halogen, -C (O) R 14 , -S ( O) represents 1 R 14 , Z (R 14 ) 2 or XR 14 .
- m is 2 or 3
- two or more Ys may be the same or different, and two or more Ys may be bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure containing a B atom.
- Y constituting the cyanoborate anion is a halogen
- examples of Y include F, Cl, Br and I.
- Y is a halogen
- m is preferably 2 or more. At this time, it is preferable that two or more Y's are different halogens or halogen and a substituent other than halogen.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the main chain includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl Alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms such as pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl and 2-ethylhexyl; vinyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, allyl, 1-butenyl and 2-butenyl Alkenyl having a carbon number of 1 to 10, such as a group, 3-butenyl group, 1,3-butadienyl group, 1-cyclohexenyl group, 2-cyclohexenyl group, 3-cyclohexenyl group, methylcyclohexenyl group and ethylcyclohexenyl group An alkynyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms such as e
- halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the main chain fluoromethyl group, difluoromethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, chloromethyl group, bromomethyl group, iodomethyl group, difluorochloromethyl group, fluorodichloromethyl group , Fluoroethyl group, difluoroethyl group, trifluoroethyl group, tetrafluoroethyl group, perfluoroethyl group, fluorochloroethyl group, chloroethyl group, fluoropropyl group, perfluoropropyl group, fluorochloropropyl group, perfluorobutyl group Perfluorooctyl group, pentafluorocyclohexyl group, perfluorocyclohexyl group, pentafluorophenyl group, perchlorophenyl group, fluoromethylene group, fluoroethylene group, fluor
- the hydrocarbon group Y having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the main chain which may have halogen, as described above, has a substituent (eg, an alkoxy group, an amino group, a cyano group, a carbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, etc.) May be
- Y is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the main chain optionally having halogen
- solubility of the cyanoborate salt in the organic solvent is improved.
- electrolyte solution it becomes possible to set it as a high performance electrolyte solution, and is preferable.
- R 14 is H, halogen, or the number of atoms in the main chain is 1 to 10
- the organic substituent may be linear, branched, or cyclic, and may have two or more of these structures in combination or may have a substituent.
- the organic substituent R 14 may contain an unsaturated bond.
- the number of atoms in the main chain of the organic substituent R 14 is as described above, but the number of carbons (including the substituent) contained in the organic substituent R 14 is preferably in the range of 1 to 20, more preferably Is in the range of 1 to 10.
- the valence of the organic substituent R 14 that is, the number of bonding terminals may be one or two or more.
- the organic substituent R 14 may contain hetero atoms (O, N, Si, etc.) other than carbon and hydrogen and halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, etc.), and the number and position thereof are also particularly limited. There is no.
- the type of the atom adjacent to X is not particularly limited to carbon, and is, for example, a hetero atom such as Si or Al. May be
- the organic substituent R 14 may be composed of only atoms other than carbon.
- organic substituent R 14 examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, A saturated hydrocarbon group such as hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, cyclohexyl group, methylcyclohexyl group, cyclohexylmethyl group, adamantyl group, etc., linear, branched, cyclic or combinations thereof; vinyl Group, propenyl group, isopropenyl group, allyl group, 1-butenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 3-butenyl group, 1,3-butadienyl group, 1-cyclohexenyl group, 2-cyclohexenyl group, 3-cyclohexenyl group Group, methyl cyclohexenyl group, 2-
- Unsaturated hydrocarbon groups including linear, branched, cyclic or combinations thereof; fluoromethyl group, difluoromethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, chloromethyl group, bromomethyl group, iodomethyl group, difluorochloromethyl group, fluorodichloro group Methyl group, fluoroethyl group, difluoroethyl group, trifluoroethyl group, tetrafluoro Tyl group, perfluoroethyl group, fluorochloroethyl group, chloroethyl group, fluoropropyl group, perfluoropropyl group, fluorochloropropyl group, perfluorobutyl group, perfluorooctyl group, pentafluorocyclohexyl group, perfluorocyclohexyl group, Halogen such as pentafluorophenyl group, perchlorophenyl group, fluoromethylene group,
- cyanated hydrocarbon groups methoxymethyl group, methoxyethyl group, methoxypropyl group, methoxybutyl group, methoxycyclohexyl group, methoxyvinyl group, methoxyphenyl group, methoxyphenyl group, methoxynaphthyl group, ethoxymethyl group, propoxymethyl group, butoxymethyl group , Pentyloxymethyl group, hexyloxymethyl group, cyclohexyloxymethyl group, phenyloxymethyl group, vinyloxymethyl group, isopropenyloxymethyl group, tert-butyloxymethyl group, naphthyloxymethyl group, methoxyethoxyme Group, ethoxyethoxymethyl group, ethoxyethyl group, propoxyethyl group, butoxyethyl group, pentyloxyethyl group, hexyloxyethyl group, cyclohexyloxye
- an alkanoyl group containing an alkanoyl group or an alkanoyl group-containing organic substituent such as acetyloxymethyl group, acetyloxyethyl group, benzoyloxyethyl group, butyrolacty1 group, caprolactone group, methoxycarbonyl group, ethoxycarbonyl group, methoxyethyleneoxycarbonyl group, etc.
- halogens such as fluorine and chlorine, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, iso-propyl group, n-butyl group, iso-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group
- a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms such as pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group and 2-ethylhexyl group, ethylene group and propylene group; fluoromethyl group, difluoromethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, Chloromethyl group, bromomethyl group, iodomethyl group, difluorochloromethyl group, fluorodichloromethyl group, fluoroethyl group, difluoroethyl group, trifluoroethyl group, tetrafluoroethyl group, perfluoroethyl group, fluoromethyl group, fluoroe
- An alkanoyl group an organic substituent having an ester bond having 1 to 10 carbon atoms such as methoxycarbonyl group, ethoxycarbonyl group, methoxyethyleneoxycarbonyl group or the like, or a carbon number of 1 to 10 such as trimethylsilyl group or triethylsilyl group
- An alkylsilyl group is preferred.
- More preferable organic substituent R 14 is fluorine, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, phenyl group, ethylene group, propylene group, trifluoromethyl group, perfluoroethyl group, cyanoethyl group, acetyl Groups, propanoyl group, oxalyl group, methoxyethyleneoxycarbonyl group and trimethylsilyl group.
- R 14 is halogen, a hydrocarbon group or a halogenated hydrocarbon group of saturated or unsaturated, alkoxylated or aryloxy hydrocarbon group, or, Those which are nitrogen-containing organic substituents are preferable, and those in which R 14 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenyl group, a trifluoromethyl group or a pentafluorophenyl group are more preferable.
- -C (O) R 14 or -S (O) 1 R 14 is an electron-withdrawing substituent similar to a cyano group, and delocalizes the negative charge charged to the central element.
- cyanoborate anion it becomes possible to form a salt that is difficult to be decomposed even under high voltage or high temperature.
- an amino group in which Z is N such as dimethylamino group and ethylmethylamino group
- a phosphino in which Z is P such as diphenyl phosphino group and dicyclohexyl phosphino group Groups;
- a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in which X is O and R 14 may have a halogen (eg, methyl group, ethyl group, phenyl group, A group which is a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluoroethyl group or the like); a group wherein X is O, and R 14 is an alkylsilyl group (for example, a trimethylsilyl group, a triethylsilyl group or the like); An alkanoyl group (for example, an acetyl group, a propanoyl group, a butanoyl group, a pentanoyl group, a hexanoyl group, a heptanoyl group, etc.) selected from linear, branched, cyclic and combinations thereof in which R 14 is monovalent or divalent; Octanoyl group, isopropanoyl group,
- a group which is a hydrocarbon group eg, methylthio group, trifluoromethylthio group etc.
- XR 14 bonds to B two or more R 14 may bond to form a ring.
- X is O or S, it is preferable that X is O from the viewpoint of the availability of a raw material, and cost.
- R 14 contains an electron-withdrawing substituent, because the stability of the cyanoborate anion is increased.
- R 14 preferably contains an alkanoyl group, a sulfinyl group, or a sulfonyl group.
- R 14 is preferably fluorine or a group containing fluorine such as a fluoroalkyl group.
- Cyanoborohydride borate anions [B (CN) 3 ( OSiCH 3)] -, alkyl siloxy cyano borate anions and the like; the following general formula (8-1), cyano borate anions represented by (8-2) Etc.
- p represents an integer of 0 to 10.
- p is 0 to 4 and more preferably 0 to 1.
- Y may have a functional group containing a hetero atom such as Si, B, O, N, or Al.
- the functional group include trimethylsilyl group, triethylsilyl group, dimethoxyaluminum group, -CH 2 CH 2 B (CN) 3 , -C 3 H 6 B (CN) 3 and the like.
- Mn + As organic cation Mn + which comprises the ionic compound which concerns on this invention
- the onium cation represented by the above is a value determined by the number of double bonds to be bound.
- the "organic group” represented by R above means a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a group having at least one carbon atom.
- the above “group having at least one carbon atom” may have at least one carbon atom, and may have other atoms such as a halogen atom or a hetero atom, a substituent, etc. Good.
- a substituent for example, amino group, imino group, amide group, group having ether bond, group having thioether bond, ester group, hydroxyl group, alkoxy group, carboxyl group, carbamoyl group, cyano group, disulfide group, nitro Groups, nitroso groups, sulfonyl groups and the like.
- onium cations represented by the above general formula one in which L is N, P, S or O is more preferable, and an onium cation in which L is N is more preferable.
- the onium cations may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- onium cations in which L is N, P, S or O those represented by the following general formulas (3) to (5) can be mentioned as preferable onium cations.
- At least one of 15 types of heterocyclic onium cations represented by
- Examples of the organic groups R 1 to R 8 include the same as the organic groups R exemplified in the general formula (2). More specifically, R 1 to R 8 each represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or an organic group, and as the organic group, a linear, branched or cyclic group (provided that R 1 to R 8 are bonded to each other to form a ring) And C 1 -C 18 hydrocarbon groups, or fluorocarbon groups (except for those forming H 2), and more preferably C 1 -C 8 hydrocarbon groups and fluorocarbon groups.
- the organic group may contain a substituent exemplified for the above general formula (2), a hetero atom such as N, O or S and a halogen atom.
- R 1 to R 12 are the same as R 1 to R 8 in the general formula (3)
- onium cations containing a nitrogen atom are more preferable, and as the more preferable ones, the following general formula:
- R 1 to R 12 are the same as R 1 to R 8 in the general formula (3)
- at least one of the six types of onium cations are the same as R 1 to R 8 in the general formula (3).
- linear quaternary ammonium such as tetraethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium and triethylmethylammonium
- linear ethylammonium such as triethylammonium, tributylammonium, dibutylmethylammonium and dimethylethylammonium
- Imidazolium such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1,2,3-trimethylimidazolium
- pyrrolidinium such as N, N-dimethyl pyrrolidinium and N-ethyl-N-methyl pyrrolidinium are easily available It is more preferable because it exists.
- More preferable ones include quaternary ammonium and imidazolium. From the viewpoint of reduction resistance, quaternary ammoniums such as tetraethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium and triethylmethylammonium which are classified into the above-mentioned chain onium cations are more preferable.
- Li + , Na + , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ are preferable because they have a small ion radius and are easy to use for storage devices and the like, and the more preferable inorganic cation Mn + is Li + .
- the ionic compound (1) according to the present invention includes all combinations of the above-mentioned cation and anion.
- Specific examples of the ionic compound (1) include triethylmethylammonium tricyanomethoxyborate, triethylammonium tricyanomethoxyborate, tributylammonium tricyanomethoxyborate, triethylammonium tricyanoisopropoxyborate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazo.
- the content of water as an impurity is preferably 3000 ppm or less.
- Mn + ([B (CN) 4-m (XR 14 ) m ] ⁇ ) n among the ionic compounds (1) The content is preferably about 3000 ppm or less (the symbol in the general formula (6) is the same as in the case of the ionic compound (1)).
- the present inventors have repeatedly studied the characteristics of the ionic compound represented by the above general formula (1), and the amount of impurities such as water contained in the ionic compound is the decrease in the characteristics of the ionic compound.
- the ionic compound represented by the general formula (1) in particular, the ionic compound (6)
- the impurities contained in the above it has been found that when the water content is about 3000 ppm or less (mass basis, the same shall apply hereinafter), it is difficult for the characteristics of the ionic compound to be deteriorated.
- the water in the ionic compound is the final product of the water used as a reaction solvent in the production process of the ionic compound of the present invention, or water used during purification, or water mixed in due to moisture absorption from the environment such as air. It is thought that it remained in the object.
- the ionic compound of the present invention may be used as an electrolyte solution for various storage devices as described later, but if the ionic compound contains water, the water is electrolyzed at the time of operation of the storage device, Hydrogen ions are generated, which lowers the pH of the electrolyte (acidic). As a result, it is considered that the electrode material is dissolved by the acidic component generated in the electrolytic solution, and the performance of the electricity storage device is degraded.
- the water content in the ionic compound of the present invention is preferably about 1000 ppm or less, more preferably about 550 ppm, still more preferably about 500 ppm, and still more preferably about 200 ppm or less.
- water is an impurity, the lower its content, the better, and the most preferable is 0 ppm. However, it is technically difficult to reduce to 0 ppm or it is not preferable for economic reasons. is there.
- the lower limit of the water content is preferably about 1 ppm because the effect on the properties of the ionic compound is small, and the lower limit may be about 5 ppm. It is because it is hard to see the remarkable fall of a characteristic, and it is hard to produce the problem on practical use.
- the water content in the present invention is a value measured according to the procedure described in the examples described later using a Karl Fischer moisture measuring device (for example, a Karl Fischer moisture meter manufactured by Hiranuma Sangyo Co., Ltd.) .
- the ionic compound of the invention cyanide ion (CN -) it is preferred that the low content.
- the preferred cyanide ion content is about 10000 ppm or less.
- the ionic compound of the present invention is suitably used in the electrolyte of various storage devices, but when the electrolyte contains cyanide ion, it reacts with the electrode to make the ion conductive. There may be problems such as lowering the temperature or generating gas that may deform the device.
- the content of cyanide ion is preferably about 5000 ppm or less, more preferably about 1000 ppm, still more preferably about 300 ppm or less, still more preferably about 100 ppm or less, still more preferably about 50 ppm or less.
- the content of cyanide ion is about 0.02 ppm, the characteristic of the ionic compound is obtained. The influence is small, and even if the lower limit is about 0.1 ppm, remarkable deterioration of the characteristics is hardly observed and practical problems hardly occur.
- the ionic compound of the present invention does not constitute the ionic compound represented by the above general formula (1), and the content of one or more impurity ions selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals Is preferably not more than about 20000 ppm (about 2% by mass or less) in total.
- a more preferred content of alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal ion as impurity is about 10000 ppm or less, more preferably about 5000 ppm.
- a more preferable content is about 1000 ppm or less, still more preferably about 500 ppm or less, and still more preferably about 100 ppm or less.
- the above-mentioned impurity ion is not contained in the ionic compound of the present invention, but the content of one or more impurity ions selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal If the lower limit is about 0.1 ppm, the effect on the characteristics of the ionic compound is small, and even if it is about 1 ppm, a remarkable decrease in the characteristics is hardly observed.
- an alkali metal which is an impurity Li, Na, K, Cs etc .
- an alkaline earth metal Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba etc. are mentioned. Among these, it is preferable to make content of Na, K, and Ca especially into the said range.
- the "alkali metal and alkaline earth metal which do not comprise the ionic compound represented by said General formula (1)" are cation which comprises General formula (1) among alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. It means something that is not Mn + .
- the ionic compound of the present invention may contain an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal as the cation M n + , but in the present invention, as described above, the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal constituting the ionic compound Metalloids are not considered impurities.
- an alkali metal and / or an alkaline earth metal is contained as a component other than the cation constituting the target ionic compound, these components are regarded as impurities.
- the ionic compound represented by General formula (1) makes Li ⁇ +> a cation Mn ⁇ +> , alkali metals and / or alkaline-earth metals other than Li ⁇ + > are made into an impurity. That is, in this case, one or more of Na + , K + , Rb + , Cs + , Fr + , Be 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ and Ra 2+ .
- content is the said range.
- alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals other than K + become impurities.
- an alkali metal and / or an alkaline earth metal other than Mg2 + is an impurity.
- Mn + is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal other than the above.
- the ionic compound (1) of the present invention preferably has a low content of impurities derived from starting materials and components to be mixed in during the reaction, and more specifically, periodic table group 5 to group 5
- the content of the Group 11 element (total amount, mass basis) is preferably about 1000 ppm or less, more preferably about 100 ppm or less, and still more preferably about 10 ppm or less.
- the content of the elements of Groups 5 to 11 of the periodic table is most preferably not contained in the ionic compound (1) of the present invention, but for example, the lower limit is preferably about 0.1 ppm. Furthermore, the lower limit may be about 0.5 ppm.
- elements which are preferably reduced are Fe, V, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Cu, Ag, Au are preferable, and Fe, V, Cr, Mo, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu are more preferable.
- any of the conventionally known measurement methods can be used to measure the content of the above-mentioned impurity ions, for example, atomic absorption analysis, ICP emission spectrometry (high frequency inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry), ions Methods described in the examples such as chromatography can be mentioned.
- the method for setting the content of impurities to the above-mentioned range is not particularly limited, but, for example, by employing the manufacturing method of the present invention described later, or the ion obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention or a known method
- the amount of the above-mentioned impurities is purified by purifying the basic compound by the oxidizing agent treatment method, the activated carbon treatment method, the liquid phase extraction method with water and organic solvent, the electrochemical treatment method, the recrystallization method, the reprecipitation method and the chromatography purification method. Reduced ionic compounds can be obtained.
- Method of producing ionic compound (1) also includes a method of producing the above ionic compound (1).
- production methods [1] and [2] for producing the ionic compound (1) directly from the starting materials, and the ionic compound (1) aimed at the intermediate synthesized in advance as the starting material The manufacturing method [3] to manufacture is included.
- the production method [1] of the ionic compound (1) of the present invention will be described.
- the ionic compound (1) is produced by the reaction of a cyanide compound, a boron compound, and a halogen salt of an organic or inorganic cation.
- Cyanide Compound A cyanide compound is used as a CN source of the ionic compound (1) represented by the above general formula (1).
- Specific cyanides include alkylsilyl cyanides such as trimethylsilyl cyanide, triethylsilyl cyanide, triisopropylsilyl cyanide, ethyldimethylsilyl cyanide, isopropyldimethylsilyl chloride, tert-butyldimethylsilyl cyanide, etc .; dimethylphenyl Alkyl cyanides such as silyl cyanide and phenyl dimethyl silyl cyanide; metal cyanides such as copper cyanide, zinc cyanide, potassium cyanide, sodium cyanide, lithium cyanide and the like.
- alkyl silyl cyanide is preferable, more preferably trialkyl silyl cyanide. More preferably, it is trimethylsilyl cyanide (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as TMSCN).
- TMSCN trimethylsilyl cyanide
- the cyanide compound a commercially available one may be used, or one synthesized by a known method may be used.
- the ionic compound (1) represented by the general formula (1) is obtained by reacting a starting material containing the cyan compound, a halogen salt of an organic or inorganic cation, and a boron compound.
- the boron compound is to be a boron source of the ionic compound according to the present invention, and specific examples of the boron compound include boric acid, boric acid ester, and boric acid thioester.
- B (OR 14 ) 3 R 14 represents an organic substituent having 1 to 10 atoms in the main chain, and an organic substituent in the above general formula (1) It is the same as that of the substituent R 14.
- R 14 represents an organic substituent having 1 to 10 atoms in the main chain, and an organic substituent in the above general formula (1) It is the same as that of the substituent R 14.
- Those represented by the following) are preferably used.
- the boric acid ester according to the present invention, B (OMe) 3, B (OEt) 3, B (O-i-Pr) 3, B (O-t-Bu) 3 ( "-t-" is "tert And the same applies.) And B (OPh) 3 are mentioned.
- B (OMe) 3 and B (OEt) 3 are preferable because they are relatively reactive.
- boric acid thioester one represented by the general formula; B (SR 14 ) 3 is preferably used.
- the boric acid thioester according to the present invention include B (SMe) 3 and B (SEt) 3, B ( S-i-Pr) 3, B (S-t-Bu) 3, B (SPh) 3 and the like .
- B (SMe) 3 and B (SEt) 3 are preferable, and more preferably B (SMe) 3 .
- boron compounds listed above it is preferable from the viewpoint of versatility to use a boric acid ester.
- BCl 3 is used as an essential starting material, but BCl 3 has a problem that it is difficult to handle because it is highly toxic and highly reactive. Compared to BCl 3 , borate esters are advantageous in that they are inexpensive, have low toxicity, and are easy to handle.
- the mixing ratio of the above-mentioned raw materials may be changed according to the number of cyano groups to be substituted for boron in the ionic compound (1) which is the target product, whereby it is a mono-substituted cyano group.
- Dicyanoborate (disubstituted) or tricyanoborate (trisubstituted) can be obtained from monocyanoborate.
- the blending amount of the cyan compound to the boron compound is preferably 0.5: 1 to 10: 1 (cyan compound: boron compound, molar ratio). More preferably, it is 0.8: 1 to 5: 1, and still more preferably 1: 1 to 4: 1.
- the amount of the cyanide compound is too small, the amount of the target ionic compound may be reduced, or byproducts may be formed.
- the compounding amount of the cyan compound is too large, the amount of CN-derived impurities increases, and the purification of the target product tends to be difficult.
- Halogen Salt of Organic or Inorganic Cation It is preferable to carry out the reaction of the cyanogen compound with the boron compound in the presence of a halogen salt of an organic or inorganic cation.
- halogen which comprises the halogen salt of organic or inorganic cation
- F, Cl, Br and I are preferable, More preferably, it is Cl or Br.
- examples of the organic or inorganic cation constituting the halogen salt of the organic or inorganic cation include the organic or inorganic cations described above.
- Preferred organic or inorganic cation halogen salts include triethyl ammonium bromide, tributyl ammonium bromide, triethyl methyl ammonium bromide, 1-ethyl 3-methyl imidazolium bromide, lithium bromide, triethyl ammonium chloride, tributyl ammonium chloride, triethyl methyl ammonium chloride And 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, triethylmethyl ammonium chloride and lithium chloride.
- More preferred halogen salts of organic or inorganic cations are triethyl ammonium bromide, triethyl methyl ammonium bromide, lithium bromide, triethyl ammonium chloride, triethyl methyl ammonium chloride and lithium chloride, and more preferably triethyl ammonium bromide, triethyl methyl ammonium bromide, It is lithium bromide.
- the amount of the halogen salt of the organic or inorganic cation used is preferably 1: 5 to 5: 1 (boron compound: halogen salt of organic or inorganic cation, molar ratio) with respect to the boron compound. More preferably, it is 1: 2 to 2: 1, and more preferably 1: 0.8 to 1: 1.2. If the blending amount of the organic or inorganic cation halogen salt is too small, removal of by-products may be insufficient, or the amount of cation may be insufficient to efficiently produce the desired product. On the other hand, when the compounding amount of the halogen salt of the organic or inorganic cation is too large, the halogen salt of the organic or inorganic cation tends to remain as an impurity.
- reaction solvent in order to allow the reaction to proceed uniformly, it is preferable to use a reaction solvent.
- the reaction solvent is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the above-mentioned raw materials, and water or an organic solvent is used.
- Organic solvents include hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, xylene, benzene and hexane, chlorinated solvents such as chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene, diethyl ether, cyclohexyl methyl ether, dibutyl ether, dimethoxyethane, dioxane Ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, ester solvents such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, ketone solvents such as 2-butanone and methyl isobutyl ketone, alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol and butanol, acet
- the order of adding and mixing the above-mentioned raw materials is not particularly limited. Since the halogen salt of the organic or inorganic cation contains one having a low solubility in an organic solvent other than water, the reaction solvent and the ammonium salt are mixed in advance, and the remaining raw material is added to this mixed solution. It is preferred to add certain boron compounds and cyanides. More preferably, the boron compound is added to the mixed solution of the ammonium salt and the reaction solvent, and then the cyan compound is added.
- the conditions for reacting the above starting materials are not particularly limited and may be appropriately adjusted depending on the progress of the reaction, but for example, the reaction temperature is preferably 20 ° C. to 180 ° C. The temperature is more preferably 40 ° C. to 120 ° C., and still more preferably 50 ° C. to 80 ° C. The reaction time is preferably 1 hour to 50 hours, more preferably 5 hours to 40 hours, and still more preferably 10 hours to 30 hours.
- purification may be performed to increase the purity of the generated ionic compound (cyanoborate salt).
- the purification method is not particularly limited. For example, washing with water, an organic solvent, and a mixed solvent thereof, adsorption purification method, reprecipitation method, separation extraction method, recrystallization method, crystallization method and chromatography purification method Can be mentioned.
- Y ′ is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms of the main chain which may have halogen, —C (O A) R 14 , —S (O) 1 R 14 , —Z (R 14 ) 2 or —XR 14 , and X 15 is the same or different and is F, Cl, Br or I, and q is 1 to The integer of 3, r is an integer of 0 to 2, q + r is m, and the other symbols are the same as in the general formula (1)) by reacting a specific boron compound with an alkylsilyl compound It can also be manufactured (manufacturing method [2]). In addition, you may use the halogen salt of an organic or inorganic cation as needed for the said reaction.
- Preferred boron compounds which may be used in the production method [2], represented by general formula B (Y ') q (X 15) 3-q , or Mn + B (Y') q (X 15) 4-q Specifically, examples thereof include PhB (Cl) 2 , C 6 F 5 B (Cl) 2 , MeB (Cl) 2 , Me 2 B (F), nC 6 H 11 B (F) 2.
- organic boron halide compound an aryl group, an organic boron halide compound in which an alkyl group is bonded to boron is preferred, among them, PhB (Cl) preferably used 2 and MeB (Cl) 2 is relatively high reactivity it can.
- alkylsilyl compound the alkylsilyl cyanide or the alkyl arylsilyl cyanide exemplified in the production method [1] is suitably used.
- alkyl silyl cyanide is preferable, more preferably trialkyl silyl cyanide. More preferably, it is trimethylsilyl cyanide.
- halogen salt of the organic or inorganic cation those described in the production method [1] can be similarly applied.
- reaction solvent those similar to the production method [1] can be used.
- chlorinated solvents such as chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene
- nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile, isobutyronitrile, valeronitrile and benzonitrile.
- the reaction conditions are not particularly limited.
- the reaction temperature may be 20 ° C. to 80 ° C. (more preferably 30 ° C. to 120 ° C., further preferably 50 ° C. to 100 ° C.), and the reaction time is 1 hour to 50 hours (More preferably, 2 hours to 10 hours).
- Production method [2] is suitable as a production method of lithium cyano (fluoro) oxalyl borate, lithium dicyano oxalyl borate, triethylmethyl ammonium tricyanophenyl borate and the like among the ionic compounds (7).
- the target ionic compound (1) can be directly produced by the above production method [1] or [2], once the ionic compound is once synthesized by the production method [1], [2], etc.
- the target ionic compound (1) can also be produced by modifying or substituting the organic substituent R 14 in the general formula (1) into an organic substituent different from the original one (manufacturing method) [3]).
- the production method [3] of the present invention is a method for producing an ionic compound represented by the general formula (1), which comprises a compound represented by the general formula (8) and a substitution reaction reagent. It is characterized by making it react.
- M n + ([B (CN) 4-m (XR 13 ) m ] - ) n
- M n + represents a monovalent, divalent or trivalent organic or inorganic cation
- X represents O or S
- R 13 represents H or a main chain having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- m represents an integer of 1 to 3;
- n represents an integer of 1 to 3
- intermediate (8) the compound represented by the above general formula (8) (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “intermediate (8)”) may be used as an intermediate for producing the ionic compound (1) Use.
- this intermediate (8) a cyanoborate salt having an optional substituent can be obtained depending on the purpose.
- Mn + ([B (CN) 4-m (XR 13 ) m ] - ) n is an ionic compound (1) according to the present invention and at the same time an ionic compound It can be used as a raw material for (1).
- Cyanoborate anion [B (CN) 4-m (XR 13 ) m ] -
- X represents O or S.
- R 13 represents H or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the main chain.
- the hydrocarbon group may have a substituent, and in this case, the number of carbons constituting the substituent is not included in the above-mentioned number of carbons.
- hydrocarbon group a linear, branched or cyclic saturated and / or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and as a more preferable hydrocarbon group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, A cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group etc. are mentioned.
- Specific examples of the hydrocarbon group R 13 include, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, tert-butyl group, sec-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, octyl group, etc.
- Linear or branched alkyl group such as cyclohexyl group and cyclopentyl group; alkenyl group such as vinyl group; aryl group such as phenyl group, methylphenyl group, methoxyphenyl group, dimethylphenyl group and naphthyl group And aralkyl groups such as benzyl group; and the like.
- aryl group such as phenyl group, methylphenyl group, methoxyphenyl group, dimethylphenyl group and naphthyl group
- aralkyl groups such as benzyl group; and the like.
- they are a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, and a phenyl group.
- Specific cyanoborate anions constituting the intermediate (8) include [B (CN) 3 (OMe)] - , [B (CN) 3 (OEt)] - , [B (CN) 3 (O-) i-Pr)] - (, [B (CN) 3 (OBu)] -, [B (CN) 3 (OPh)] - alkoxylates Tricia Novo anion such as; [B (CN) 2 ( OMe) 2] - , [B (CN) 2 (OEt) 2 ] - , [B (CN) 2 (Oi-Pr) 2 ] - , [B (CN) 2 (OBu) 2 ] - , [B (CN)] Dialkoxy dicyanoborate anions such as 2 (OPh) 2 ] - ; [B (CN) (OMe) 3 ] - , [B (CN) (OEt) 3 ] - , [B (CN) 3 (Oi-Pr)
- the intermediate (8) of the present invention includes all combinations of the cation: Mn + and the anion: [B (CN) 4-m (XR 13 ) m ] ⁇ .
- Specific intermediates (8) include triethylmethylammonium tricyanomethoxyborate, triethylammonium tricyanomethoxyborate, tributylammonium tricyanomethoxyborate, triethylammonium tricyanoisopropoxyborate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Salts of organic cations such as tricyanomethoxyborate; salts of inorganic cations such as lithium tricyanomethoxyborate, sodium tricyanomethoxyborate and the like; Among these, triethylmethylammonium tricyanomethoxyborate and lithium tricyanomethoxyborate are preferable.
- the manufacturing method of the intermediate (8) which concerns on this invention is not specifically limited, It can manufacture based on the conventionally well-known methods, such as said manufacturing
- [3-1] An ion in which XR 13 in the anion constituting the intermediate (8) is substituted by reacting the above intermediate (8) with a substitution reagent.
- Method hereinafter referred to as production method [3-1]
- [3-2] by reacting the above intermediate (8) with a substitution reagent, the intermediate (8)
- a method of producing an ionic compound (1) in which R 13 in the anion constituting the compound is substituted hereinafter referred to as production method [3-2]
- the substitution reagent which can be used in the production method [3-1] of the present invention is not only a monofunctional reagent having one reaction point but also a polyfunctional reagent having two or more reaction points. Also included. Preferred are alkylsilyl cyanide, organomagnesium reagent, organolithium reagent, metal halide.
- the amount of substitution reagent used may be appropriately determined according to the number of —XR 13 groups possessed by intermediate (8), and for example, when m is 1 in the general formula of intermediate (8), the intermediate is
- the use amount of the substitution reagent with respect to the body (8) is preferably 5: 1 to 1: 9 (Intermediate (8): substitution reagent. Molar ratio, hereinafter the same). More preferably, it is 2: 1 to 1: 5, and still more preferably 1: 1 to 1: 3.
- the amount of substitution reagent used is too small, the amount of the target ionic compound may be reduced or by-products may be generated.
- it is too large it is derived from the substitution reagent The amount of impurities tends to increase, making it difficult to produce the target product.
- a halogen salt of an organic cation may be used as a cation exchange reagent.
- the halogen salt of the organic cation the same one as used in the production of the intermediate (8) can be used.
- ammonium salts of the onium cations shown in the general formulas (3) to (5) are preferably used, and more preferable ones are triethylammonium chloride and triethylammonium. Examples include bromide and triethylammonium iodide.
- a catalyst may be used to accelerate the substitution reaction.
- the catalyst that can be used is not particularly limited, but, for example, Bronsted acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, paratoluenesulfonic acid, etc .; It is possible to use Lewis acids such as boron chloride, boron chloride, aluminum chloride, iron chloride, trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride, acetic anhydride and the like; and Lewis bases such as ammonia, triethylamine, aniline, pyridine, triphenylphosphine and tributylphosphine.
- the said catalyst may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- a reaction solvent may be used in the reaction of the intermediate (8) with the substitution reagent.
- the reaction solvent may be any solvent in which the intermediate (8) and the substitution reagent dissolve, and examples thereof include chlorinated solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene and dichloroethane; and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and xylene And ether solvents such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; and the like.
- chlorinated solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene and dichloroethane
- aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and xylene And ether solvents such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; and the like.
- ether solvents such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; and the like.
- it is a chlorinated solvent.
- the above solvents may be used alone or in combination of two
- the reaction temperature is preferably 20 ° C. to 250 ° C. (more preferably 40 ° C. to 180 ° C., further preferably 50 ° C. to 120 ° C.), and the reaction time is 1 hour It is preferable to set to ⁇ 80 hours (more preferably 5 hours to 70 hours, further preferably 10 hours to 60 hours).
- an ionic compound (1) composed of a cyanoborate anion having the above-mentioned organic or inorganic cation Mn + and the above-mentioned Y can be obtained.
- Alcohol and / or phenols formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, trioxane (metaformal Aldehydes, monovalent, divalent or higher, linear, branched, cyclic or combinations thereof, such as acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, acrolein, benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, etc .; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetophenone And monovalent or divalent or higher straight-chain, branched-chain, cyclic or combinations thereof ketones such as benzophenone, cyclohexanone and acetylacetone; acetic anhydride, propionic acid anhydride, butanoic acid anhydride, pentanoic acid anhydride, anhydride Hexanoic acid, anhydrous heptanoic acid, anhydrous octanoic acid, isopropanoic acid an
- the amount of use of the substitution reagent may be appropriately determined according to the number of —R 13 groups possessed by intermediate (8).
- the intermediate is The amount of use of the substitution reagent with respect to the body (8) is preferably 5: 1 to 1:10 (Intermediate (8): substitution reagent. Molar ratio, hereinafter the same). More preferably, it is 2: 1 to 1: 9, and still more preferably 1: 1 to 1: 8.
- the amount of substitution reagent used is too small, the amount of the target ionic compound may be reduced or by-products may be generated.
- it is too large it is derived from the substitution reagent The amount of impurities tends to increase, making it difficult to produce the target product.
- a halogen salt of an organic cation may be used as a cation exchange reagent.
- the halogen salt of the organic cation those similar to the production method [3-1] can be used.
- a catalyst may be used to accelerate the substitution reaction.
- the catalyst that can be used is not particularly limited, but, for example, Bronsted acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, paratoluenesulfonic acid, etc .; Lewis acids such as boron chloride, boron chloride, aluminum chloride and iron chloride; Lewis bases such as ammonia, triethylamine, aniline, pyridine, triphenylphosphine and tributylphosphine; and the like.
- the said catalyst may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- a reaction solvent may be used in the reaction of the intermediate (8) with the substitution reagent. Any reaction solvent may be used as long as it dissolves the intermediate (8) and the substitution reagent, and the same ones as in the production method [3-1] can be used. Alternatively, a substitution reagent may be used as a reaction solvent. In the production method [3-2], among the above-mentioned reaction solvents, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and xylene are preferable. The above solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, some of the substitution reagents have the same function as a solvent, and the substitution reagents may be used as a reaction solvent. When it is desired to use a substitution reagent not only as a substitution reagent but also as a reaction solvent, the reaction conditions may be controlled, for example, the temperature in the reaction may be adjusted.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 20 ° C. to 250 ° C. (more preferably 40 ° C. to 180 ° C., still more preferably 50 ° C. to 120 ° C.) It is preferably 80 hours (more preferably 5 hours to 70 hours, still more preferably 10 hours to 60 hours).
- dialkoxy dicyano borate anion [B (CN) (OMe ) 3] -, [B (CN) (OEt) 3] -, [B CN) (O-i-Pr ) 3] -, [B (CN) (OBu) 3] -, [B (CN) (OPh) 3] - trialkoxy cyano borate such anions; [B (CN) 3 (SMe)] - thioalkoxyalkyl Tricia Novo anion such as; [B (CN) 3 ( OCF 3)] -, [B (CN) 3 (OC 2 F 5)] -, halogenated alkoxy cyano anions etc.
- an ionic compound (1) composed of a cyanoborate anion having the above-mentioned organic or inorganic cation Mn + and the above-mentioned Y is obtained.
- reaction temperature for example, 110 degreeC or more
- manufacturing method [1] It may be easy to obtain the product in
- an ionic compound (intermediate) once synthesized is used as a raw material, and an organic substituent R 13 which is a part of the ionic compound is modified or substituted to obtain the target ion.
- the substitution reagent may be introduced into the reaction system together with the raw material for synthesis of the intermediate (8) at the time of synthesis of the intermediate (8).
- a substitution reagent may be introduced into the reaction system, or after intermediate (8) once synthesized is purified, substitution reaction with intermediate (8) is performed. The materials may be mixed and reacted.
- the purification method is not particularly limited, for example, washing of the product with water, an organic solvent, and a mixed solvent thereof, oxidant treatment in which the product is brought into contact with an oxidant, adsorption purification method, reprecipitation method, liquid separation
- Any of the conventionally known purification methods such as purification by extraction method, recrystallization method, crystallization method and chromatography can be employed. These purification methods may be carried out alone or in combination of two or more.
- an oxidizing agent treatment it is preferable to use one or more of an oxidizing agent treatment, an adsorption purification method, a liquid separation extraction method, and a crystallization method, and it is particularly preferable to carry out all of them.
- the solvent used in the treatment by the liquid separation extraction method is not particularly limited, it is preferable that the solvent can form a two-layer state with the solvent used in the production of the ionic compound described above.
- the solvent used in the production of the ionic compound described above it is preferable to use water in the washing and liquid separation extraction. By using water, alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions and halide ions, and further silicon can be efficiently extracted to the aqueous layer, and these ionic components can be removed from the ionic compound.
- the combinations include ether, water / ethyl acetate, water / butyl acetate, and water / dichloromethane, and among these, the combination of water / ethyl acetate, water / butyl acetate, water / methyl isobutyl ketone, water / diethyl ether Preferred, and more preferred, is a combination of water / ethyl acetate, water / butyl acetate, water / diethyl ether.
- Crystallization method Although the solvent used in the treatment by the crystallization method is not particularly limited, it is preferable to use a solvent (hereinafter referred to as a good solvent) which dissolves the above-described ionic compound, and if necessary, dissolve the ionic compound Solvents of low nature (poor solvents) may be used in combination.
- a good solvent a solvent which dissolves the above-described ionic compound
- Solvents of low nature may be used in combination.
- the crude ionic compound is generally dissolved so that the concentration is as high as possible at high temperature, and then it is cooled to take advantage of the difference in solubility to obtain only the target ionic compound.
- the temperature condition is not limited, it is preferable to carry out in the range of 20 ° C. to 250 ° C. More preferably, it is in the range of 20 ° C. to 200 ° C., and still more preferably, in the range of 20 ° C. to 160 ° C.
- the crude ionic compound is dissolved in the good solvent at a high concentration as much as possible, and then the poor solvent is mixed to obtain the target ionic compound using the difference in solubility Only the precipitate may be precipitated or suspended, and conversely, only the impurity may be precipitated or suspended and separated from the dissolved one (so-called reprecipitation method).
- the temperature may be changed for the purpose of controlling the difference in solubility.
- the temperature conditions are not particularly limited, but it is preferably carried out in the range of 20 ° C. to 250 ° C. More preferably, it is in the range of 20 ° C. to 180 ° C., and still more preferably in the range of 20 ° C. to 120 ° C.
- the above recrystallization method and the reprecipitation method may be implemented in combination.
- solvent good solvent, poor solvent
- any solvent may be used if it remains in the product after purification. Performance may be adversely affected. Therefore, it is preferred to use an electrochemically stable solvent.
- petroleum ethers that are hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, octane, decane, dodecane and the like and mixtures thereof, organic nitriles such as acetonitrile, butyronitrile, capronitrile, valeronitrile, benzonitrile, succinonitrile, etc.
- Organic esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, hexyl acetate, octyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane, tetrachloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene And halogenated hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, octane, decane, dodecane, petroleum ethers, acetonitrile, butyronitrile and valero are preferable.
- Tolyl, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dichloromethane, chloroform, dichloroethane, tetrachloroethane are preferred.
- One of these solvents may be used alone, or two or more of these solvents may be used in combination.
- whether the above solvent is used as a good solvent or as a poor solvent depends on the type of ionic compound, temperature conditions during crystallization purification, concentration conditions, or purity after purification according to the use of the ionic compound. It can be changed according to and is not particularly limited.
- Oxidizing agent treatment is to bring a crude ionic compound into contact with an oxidizing agent, and by employing the oxidizing agent treatment, the content of impure ionic components such as cyanide ion is low and the purity is high. An ionic compound can be obtained.
- the impure ionic component contained in the ionic compound may deteriorate the electrochemical device in which the ionic compound is used and its peripheral members, and in turn may degrade the performance of the electrochemical device.
- the cyanide as a starting material since the cyanide as a starting material, the product of free cyanide ions in (CN -), etc., or residual components derived from the starting materials, inevitably in the manufacturing process Contaminating impurities may be present.
- the ionic compound according to the present invention may be used as a constituent material of an electrochemical device, and an impurity such as CN - or the like present in the ionic compound causes a decrease in ion conduction performance and corrosion of the electrode, and the electrochemical It causes degradation of performance.
- organic compounds are easily oxidized and decomposed in the presence of an oxidizing agent, and ionic compounds having cyanoborate ([B (CN) 4-a (XR 13 ) a ] ⁇ ) as an anion are also oxidized and decomposed in the same manner. It was considered a thing. Accordingly, impure ion component of the ionic compound is an alkali metal salt by extraction treatment using such as NaOH aqueous solution (NaCN, NaCl) as, had been removed and transferred to the aqueous layer, cyanide ion (CN -) Is a weak acid, and the extraction efficiency is low because the solubility of the salt with alkali metal in water is not very high. In addition, in order to sufficiently reduce the amount of impurities, it is necessary to repeat the extraction operation a plurality of times, and there is a problem that the yield of the ionic compound is reduced.
- cyanoborate [B (CN) 4-a (XR 13 ) a ]
- the ionic compound having a cyanoborate anion is unexpectedly more stable to the oxidizing agent than general organic compounds, and therefore, the ionic compound after production is by contacting with an oxidant, excess cyanide ions contained in the product (CN -) can decompose, further clarified that can also be reduced content of impurities inevitably mixed in the starting materials and manufacturing processes It has become.
- peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide, sodium perchlorate, peracetic acid, metachloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA), manganese compounds such as potassium permanganate, manganese oxide, dichromium Chromium compounds such as potassium phosphate, potassium chlorate, sodium bromate, potassium bromate, sodium hypochlorite, halogen-containing compounds such as chlorine dioxide, nitric acid, inorganic nitrogen compounds such as chloramine, acetic acid, osmium tetraoxide, etc.
- peroxides are preferable, and hydrogen peroxide and sodium perchlorate are more preferable.
- chloride ion (Cl -), cyanate ion (NCO -) impurities such as it is efficiently distributed to the hydrogen peroxide layer
- extraction of the ionic compound It is particularly preferable because the efficiency is improved.
- hydrogen peroxide among impurities, hygroscopic substances and easily hydrated components are efficiently distributed to the hydrogen peroxide aqueous layer, so the purity of the ionic compound is increased, The amount of water in the ionic compound can also be easily reduced.
- the oxidizing agent may be solid or liquid, and in the case of solid, it may be dissolved in a solvent. Further, an oxidizing agent solution in which a liquid oxidizing agent and a solid oxidizing agent are dissolved in a solvent may be used by further diluting it.
- the amount of the oxidizing agent used is preferably 1 part by mass to 1000 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the crude ionic compound, although it depends on the amount of impurities (especially, CN - etc.) contained in the crude ionic compound.
- the amount is more preferably 10 parts by mass to 500 parts by mass, still more preferably 20 parts by mass to 300 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 50 parts by mass to 100 parts by mass.
- the amount of the oxidizing agent is too large, the ionic compound may be decomposed.
- the amount of the oxidizing agent is too small, it may be difficult to sufficiently reduce excess ionic components and impurities.
- the said "crude ionic compound” means the component obtained by distilling a solvent off from the reaction solution after manufacture.
- the oxidizing agent treatment may be performed as it is, without distilling off the reaction solvent or the like immediately after the production or after the other purification treatment described above.
- the oxidizing agent treatment is not particularly limited as long as the crude ionic compound and the oxidizing agent contact each other, and the crude ionic compound after production (synthesis) may be brought into contact with the oxidizing agent as it is, or the crude ionic compound A solution may be prepared, and this crude ionic compound solution may be mixed and contacted with the oxidizing agent. That is, as a contact mode, a solid oxidizing agent is added to the crude ionic compound solution and both are brought into contact; a mode in which the crude ionic compound solution and the oxidizing agent solution are mixed and both are brought into contact An embodiment in which a solid crude ionic compound is added to an oxidant solution to bring both into contact with each other.
- the solvent used for the activated carbon process mentioned later is suitable as a solvent in which a crude ionic compound is dissolved.
- the oxidizing agent treatment be performed at a low temperature for a short time.
- the oxidizing agent treatment is preferably performed at a temperature equal to or lower than the reaction temperature at the time of producing the ionic compound, and more preferably at a temperature equal to or lower than the boiling point of the solvent.
- the temperature is preferably 0 ° C. to 150 ° C., more preferably 0 ° C. to 130 ° C., still more preferably 10 ° C. to 100 ° C., and particularly preferably 10 ° C. to 80 ° C.
- adsorbent used in the adsorption purification method activated carbon, silica gel, alumina, zeolite and the like can be mentioned. Among these, adsorption treatment (activated carbon treatment) using activated carbon as an adsorbent is preferable because contamination of impurities into the ionic compound is small.
- the activated carbon that can be used for the adsorption treatment is not particularly limited.
- the shape of the activated carbon is not particularly limited as long as it has a large surface area, and powder, pulverized, granular, granulated, spherical and the like can be mentioned. Among them, powdered active carbon is selected because of the wide surface area It is preferred to use
- the activated carbon preferably has a surface area of 100 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 400 m 2 / g or more, and particularly preferably 800 m 2 / g or more.
- activated carbon with few impurity content, and as an example of this activated carbon, the Nippon EnviroChemicals KK-made Carbo Raffin (registered trademark) -6 can be mentioned.
- the amount of the adsorbent such as activated carbon used is preferably 1 part by mass or more and 500 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 parts by mass or more and 300 parts by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of the crude ionic compound Is 20 parts by mass or more and 200 parts by mass or less.
- the solvent usable at the time of the adsorption treatment is not particularly limited, but a solvent capable of dissolving the crude ionic compound is preferable.
- a solvent capable of dissolving the crude ionic compound is preferable.
- the water used for activated carbon treatment is ultrapure water (ion resistance of 1.0 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more) treated with an ultrapure water device equipped with various filter media such as filters, ion exchange membranes, reverse osmosis membranes, etc. preferable.
- the amount of the solvent used is preferably 10 parts by mass or more and 2000 parts by mass or less, more preferably 100 parts by mass or more and 1000 parts by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of the crude ionic compound. Is 200 parts by mass or more and 1000 parts by mass or less.
- the amount of solvent is too large, the reactor becomes large, the cost is increased, the yield tends to be lowered, and the economic advantage is low.
- the amount used is too small, the purity of the ionic compound may decrease.
- the order of carrying out the above purification method is not particularly limited, for example, if all of the oxidant treatment, the adsorption purification method, and the separation extraction method are adopted, the separation extraction method, the oxidant treatment, and the adsorption purification method are used. It is preferable to carry out in order.
- the ionic compound obtained by the above production method may further undergo a cation exchange reaction. Since the properties of the ionic compound represented by the general formula (2) depend on the cationic species, it is possible to easily obtain cyanoborate salts having different properties by performing a cation exchange reaction.
- the ionic compound represented by the general formula (2) obtained by the above-mentioned production method may be reacted with an ionic substance having a desired cation.
- the ionic substance may be a compound having a desired cation, for example, hydroxide, halogen salt, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, perchlorate, bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) Imide salt etc. are mentioned.
- the conditions for the cation exchange reaction are also not particularly limited, and the reaction temperature and time may be appropriately adjusted according to the progress of the reaction. Moreover, you may use a solvent as needed, for example, the reaction solvent mentioned above is used preferably.
- Electrolyte material in the present invention, (i) an electrolyte material containing an ionic compound (1) and a medium (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an electrolyte material (i)), (ii) an ionic compound (1) and a medium An electrolyte material (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as electrolyte material (ii)) having an ionizable compound concentration of 1% by mass or more and a water content of 50 ppm or less, or (iii) an ionic compound Also included are electrolyte materials containing (1) and having a water content of 2000 ppm or less (hereinafter sometimes referred to as electrolyte material (iii)).
- the inventors of the present invention can improve the withstand voltage of the electrolytic solution by using the ionic compound represented by the above general formula (1) as an electrolyte, and can stably store an electric storage device even if charge and discharge are repeated under high voltage. It has been found that it can be operated and the invention has been completed.
- these electrolyte materials (i) to (iii) will be described.
- Electrolyte material (i) The electrolyte material (i) of the present invention is characterized in that it contains the ionic compound represented by the above general formula (1) and a solvent (medium).
- the electrolyte material (i) of the present invention may be simply referred to as an electrolytic solution.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention contains the above ionic compound (1).
- the concentration of the ionic compound (1) in the electrolytic solution is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and is preferably the saturation concentration or less. If it is less than 0.1% by mass, the ion conductivity is unfavorably lowered. It is more preferably 1% by mass or more, still more preferably 5% by mass or more, and 50% by mass or less, and still more preferably 40% by mass or less. If the concentration of the electrolyte is too low, it may be difficult to obtain the desired electrical conductivity. On the other hand, if the concentration is too high, the viscosity of the electrolyte becomes noticeable particularly in a low temperature range (about -20 ° C). As a result, the charge transfer efficiency may be lowered, or the ionic compound (1) may be separated and precipitated in the electrolyte to adversely affect the device. Moreover, the problem of the cost rise by large use of ionic compound (1) also arises.
- the aprotic solvent in which the said ionic compound (1) can be dissolved is mentioned.
- the organic solvent decomposes under high voltage, resulting in deterioration of the electrolytic solution.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention containing the cyanoborate salt represented by the general formula (1) the present inventors have achieved decomposition current even under a high voltage exceeding the withstand voltage of a commonly known solvent. It turned out that it does not flow and it becomes difficult to produce degradation of electrolyte solution. This effect is particularly remarkable when the amount of the predetermined impurity contained in the ionic compound (1) is reduced.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention has a high voltage resistance as compared with the conventional electrolytic solution, it is considered that the charge and discharge cycle characteristics are improved in the electricity storage device using this electrolytic solution. Further, the improvement effect of the withstand voltage characteristics and the cycle characteristics can be obtained also in the case where the electrolyte contains, in addition to the ionic compound (1) represented by the above general formula (1), other electrolytes other than this. , Are obtained similarly.
- aprotic solvent which can be used for the electrolytic solution of the present invention, a solvent having a large dielectric constant, a high solubility of an electrolyte salt, a boiling point of 60 ° C. or more, and a wide electrochemical stability range is preferable. is there. More preferably, it is an organic solvent (non-aqueous solvent) having a low water content.
- Such organic solvents include ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (1,2-dimethoxyethane), ethylene glycol diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 2,6-dimethyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, crown ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, Ethers such as tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxolane; dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate (methyl ethyl carbonate), diethyl carbonate (diethyl carbonate), diphenyl carbonate, methyl phenyl carbonate, etc.
- Ethers such as tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dioxolane; dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate (methyl ethyl carbonate), diethyl carbonate (die
- Cyclic carbonates such as vinylene carbonate and 2-vinyl ethylene carbonate; methyl formate, methyl acetate, propionic acid, methyl propionate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, aliphatic carboxylic acid esters such as amyl acetate; Aromatic carboxylic acid esters such as methyl acid and ethyl benzoate; carboxylic acid esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone; trimethyl phosphate, ethyl dimethyl phosphate, diethyl methyl phosphate, phosphorus Phosphates such as triethyl acid acid; acetonitrile, propionitrile, methoxypropionitrile, glutaroni
- chain carbonates, cyclic carbonates, aliphatic carboxylic esters, carboxylic esters and ethers are preferable, and dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ⁇ - Butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone and the like are more preferable.
- the above solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the electrolyte of the present invention may contain an electrolyte other than the above ionic compound (1).
- an electrolyte one having a large dissociation constant in the electrolytic solution is preferable.
- Examples of cationic species contained in other electrolytes include alkali metal ions such as Li + , Na + , and K + , alkaline earth metal ions such as Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ , and the above-mentioned onium cations. Particularly preferred are chain quaternary ammonium or lithium ions.
- the anionic species PF 6 -, BF 4 - , Cl -, Br -, ClO 4 -, AlCl 4 -, C [(CN) 3] -, N [(CN) 2] -, N [( SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 ] ⁇ , N [(SO 2 F) 2 ] ⁇ , CF 3 (SO 3 ) ⁇ , C [(CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 ] ⁇ , AsF 6 ⁇ , SbF 6 ⁇ and dicyanotrichloride
- Examples include azolate ions (DCTA) and the like. Among these, PF 6 - and BF 4 - are more preferable, and BF 4 - is particularly preferable.
- triethylmethylammonium as cationic components BF 4 as an anionic component - triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoroborate containing, tetraethylammonium as a cationic component, BF 4 as an anionic component - the other, etc.
- tiger ethylammonium tetrafluoroborate including As an electrolyte of
- the said other electrolyte When using the said other electrolyte, it is 0.1 mass% or more and 50 mass% or less in the total amount of 100 mass% of the said ionic compound (1) and other electrolytes as its existing quantity It is. If the amount is less than 0.1% by mass, the absolute amount of ions may not be sufficient, and the electrical conductivity may be reduced. If the amount is more than 50% by mass, the movement of ions may be significantly inhibited. More preferably, it is 1% by mass or more, still more preferably 5% by mass or more, further preferably 6% by mass or more, still more preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 40% by mass or less, still more preferably 30% by mass % Or less, more preferably 25% by mass or less.
- the concentration of the electrolyte (the total amount of the ionic compound (1) or the ionic compound (1) and the other electrolyte) in the electrolytic solution of the present invention is preferably 1% by mass or more. Also, the saturated concentration or less is preferable. If it is less than 1% by mass, the ion conductivity is unfavorably lowered. More preferably, the content is 5% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, and still more preferably 40% by mass or less. If the concentration of the electrolyte is too low, it may be difficult to obtain the desired electrical conductivity.
- the concentration is too high, the viscosity of the electrolyte becomes noticeable particularly in a low temperature range (about -20 ° C). As a result, the charge transfer efficiency may be lowered, or the electrolyte (ionic compound (1), other electrolytes) may be separated and precipitated in the electrolyte to adversely affect the device. In addition, there is also a problem of cost increase due to the large use of electrolyte.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention preferably has a withstand voltage of 6.9 V or more and 13.8 V or less (vs. Li / Li + ) when LSV measurement is performed under the following conditions.
- withstand voltage at 6.9 V or more and 13.8 V or less means that when LSV measurement is performed under the conditions described later, 6.9 V to 13.8 V In the range, it means that the current of the reference current value or more does not flow, that is, the decomposition of the electrolytic solution hardly occurs. Therefore, an electricity storage device provided with the electrolytic solution of the present invention having the above-mentioned withstand voltage can be charged to a high potential, and deterioration of the electrolytic solution and electrodes is unlikely to occur even when operated at a high potential. It will be expensive.
- a high-performance electrolyte solution can be said, so that the voltage in which the electric current more than a reference current value is observed is high. Therefore, as the electrolytic solution of the present invention, those having a withstand voltage at 7 V or more and 13.8 V (lithium standard) are preferable, and those having a withstand voltage at 8 V to 13.8 V (lithium standard) are more preferable, and 10 V to It is more preferable to have a withstand voltage at 13.8 V (lithium standard).
- a propylene carbonate solution or ⁇ -butyrolactone solution of a predetermined electrolyte concentration (total amount of the ionic compound (1) and the other electrolyte) is used as an electrolyte, and a glassy carbon electrode (electrode surface area: 1 mm ⁇ (0.
- the oxidation decomposition potential can be measured when the potential is scanned higher than the natural potential, and the reduction decomposition potential can be measured when the potential is scanned lower than the natural potential.
- the concentration of the electrolytic solution is 1 mol / L when the cation Mn + is an onium cation, and is 0.7 mol / L when the cation Mn + is an inorganic cation (for example, a metal cation or the like).
- the electrolyte solution is a higher performance electrolyte. That is, it can be said that it is a high-performance electrolyte solution so that a slight electric current is not observed when it measures on the conditions of the said LSV measurement.
- the present invention includes the ionic compound (1) represented by the general formula (1): M n + ([B (CN) 4-m Y m ] ⁇ ) n and a solvent, and a reference current value
- An electrolyte having a withstand voltage of 0 V or more and less than 6.9 V (vs. Li / Li + ) is also included when LSV measurement is performed under the same conditions as described above except that 0.1 V is set to 0.1 mA.
- the LSV measurement conditions other than the reference current value are as described above, and “with a withstand voltage at 0 V or more and 6.9 V (vs.
- Li / Li + means that LSV measurement was performed under the conditions described above In this case, it means that no current exceeding the reference current value (0.1 mA) flows in the range of 0 V or more and less than 6.9 V, that is, decomposition of the electrolyte does not occur.
- Electrolyte material (ii), electrolyte material (iii) Next, the electrolyte materials (ii) and (iii) will be described.
- the electrolyte materials (ii) and (iii) each contain an ionic compound (1).
- the ionic compound (1) contained in the electrolyte materials (ii) and (iii) those in which the cation Mn + is an inorganic cation are preferable.
- Electrolyte material (ii) The electrolyte material (ii) of the present invention includes the ionic compound (1) represented by the above general formula (1) and a medium, and the concentration of the ionic compound in the electrolyte material (i) is 1% by mass or more It is characterized in that the water content is 50 ppm or less.
- the present inventors have repeatedly studied the characteristics of the ionic compound represented by the above general formula (1), and the water content contained in the electrolyte material (ii) is the resistance to the electrolyte solution and further to the electricity storage device. It has been found that it is found that the deterioration of electrochemical characteristics such as voltage characteristics and cycle characteristics is affected, and in order to provide an ionic compound which is less likely to cause such characteristics deterioration, as a result of repeated studies, it is represented by the general formula (1) If the water content of the electrolyte material (i) containing the ionic compound and the medium such that the concentration of the ionic compound is 1% by mass or more is about 50 ppm or less (mass basis, the same applies hereinafter), the ionic compound It has been found that it is difficult to cause deterioration of the properties of the battery and the deterioration of the constituent members and electrochemical characteristics of various energy storage devices in which the ionic compound is used.
- the water contained in the electrolyte material is, for example, a synthesis reaction of the ionic compound (1) in the production process of the electrolyte material, or water, a solvent used in the purification, or a water or solvent mixed in due to moisture absorption from the environment such as in the air. It is considered to be residual.
- the electrolyte material of the present invention may be used in the electrolyte solution of various storage devices, but if the electrolyte material contains water, the voltage resistance of the electrolyte may be reduced, or water may become electric when the storage device is in operation. As a result of decomposition to generate hydrogen ions, the pH of the electrolytic solution is lowered (acidic).
- the electrode material is dissolved by the acidic component generated in the electrolytic solution, or the electrode material is reacted or corroded to store electricity.
- the performance of the device is degraded.
- gas may be generated when the water is electrolyzed, which may increase the internal pressure of various storage devices having a sealed structure, which may lead to deformation or breakage. As a result, not only the device can not be used, but also safety problems may occur.
- the lower the water content, the better, and the water content in the electrolyte material (ii) is preferably about 30 ppm or less, more preferably about 20 ppm or less, still more preferably about 15 ppm or less, particularly preferably Preferably it is about 10 ppm or less.
- the lower limit of the water content is not particularly limited, and is most preferably 0 ppm, but it is technically difficult to reduce the content to 0 ppm, which may be undesirable for economic reasons. Therefore, the lower limit of the water content of the electrolyte material (ii) of the present invention may be about 0.1 ppm. If the water content is about 0.1 ppm, the effect on the characteristics of the electrolyte material (ii) is small.
- the lower limit may be about 1 ppm. It is because it is hard to see the remarkable fall of a characteristic, and it is hard to produce the problem on practical use.
- the water content in the present invention can be determined, for example, using a Karl Fischer moisture measuring apparatus by coulometric titration or volumetric titration (for example, Karl Fischer moisture meter manufactured by Hiranuma Sangyo Co., Ltd.) as described in the examples described later. It is a value measured by the procedure.
- a Karl Fischer moisture measuring apparatus by coulometric titration or volumetric titration (for example, Karl Fischer moisture meter manufactured by Hiranuma Sangyo Co., Ltd.) as described in the examples described later. It is a value measured by the procedure.
- the medium is not particularly limited, and non-aqueous solvents, polymers, polymer gels and the like can be mentioned.
- a solvent having a large dielectric constant, a high solubility of the ionic compound (1), a boiling point of 60 ° C. or more, and a wide electrochemical stability range is preferable.
- an aprotic organic solvent having a low water content is mentioned.
- the aprotic solvents exemplified in the description of the electrolyte material (i) can be preferably used.
- polymer used as the medium examples include epoxy compounds (polyethylene oxide (PEO), which is a homopolymer or copolymer of polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide, etc., which is a homopolymer or copolymer of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, allyl glycidyl ether, etc.)
- Methacrylic polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), nitrile polymers such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN), fluorine polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, and copolymers thereof Etc.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- fluorine polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, and copolymers thereof Etc.
- the amount of the medium is preferably such that the concentration of the ionic compound (1) in the electrolyte material (ii) according to the present invention is 1% by mass or more and the saturation concentration or less.
- the saturation concentration of lithium tricyanomethoxyborate relative to ⁇ -butyrolactone is 20.2% by mass. More preferably, the concentration of the ionic compound (1) in the electrolyte material (ii) is 5% by mass or more, more preferably 6% by mass or more, still more preferably 30% by mass or less, still more preferably Is 25 mass% or less.
- Electrolyte material (iii) The present invention also includes an electrolyte material (iii) containing the ionic compound represented by the above general formula (1) and having a water content of about 2000 ppm or less.
- the electrolyte material (ii) when the electrolyte material (iii) contains water, it reduces the antistatic properties of the electrolytic solution and thus causes the failure of the electrochemical device provided with the electrolyte material (iii) Become. Therefore, the lower the water content, the better.
- the water content in the electrolyte material (iii) of the present invention is preferably about 1500 ppm or less, more preferably about 1000 ppm or less, still more preferably about 800 ppm
- the following content is more preferably about 600 ppm or less, still more preferably about 500 ppm or less, still more preferably about 300 ppm or less, particularly preferably about 200 ppm or less, particularly preferably about 150 ppm or less, most preferably about 100 ppm or less.
- the lower limit of the water content is not particularly limited, and is most preferably 0 ppm, but it is technically difficult to reduce the content to 0 ppm, and it may be unpreferable also for economic reasons.
- the lower limit of the water content may be about 0.1 ppm. If the water content is about 0.1 ppm, the effect on the characteristics of the ionic compound contained in the electrolyte material (iii) is small.
- the lower limit may be about 1 ppm. It is because it is hard to see the remarkable fall of a characteristic, and it is hard to produce the problem on practical use.
- the electrolyte material (iii) of the present invention may contain the above-mentioned ionic compound (1). Therefore, in the present invention, the water content contained in the ionic compound (1) (in solid state) is preferably in the above range.
- the water content in the electrolyte material (iii) can also be measured by the method described in the examples described later, as in the electrolyte material (ii).
- the method for setting the water content of the electrolyte material to the above range is not particularly limited, for example, an electrolyte material (Ionic compound (1) containing a reduced amount of water by adopting a manufacturing method described later) ii), (iii) can be obtained.
- the electrolyte material (ii) or (iii) of the present invention is used as a solvent (medium) for storage device such that the concentration of the ionic compound (1) is in the range of 5% by mass
- the sweep range is an electric potential of ⁇ 10 V using a three-electrode electrochemical cell in which the working electrode is a glassy carbon electrode, the reference electrode is an Ag electrode, and the counter electrode is a Pt electrode.
- the peak current value observed in the region of 2) is 2 mA / cm 2 or less.
- solvent for power storage device is a solvent selected from lactone solvents and carbonate solvents, and these may be used alone or may be a mixture of two or more solvents. Examples include, but are not limited to, one or more solvents or mixed solvents selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -butyrolactone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate.
- the electrolytic solution used for the LSV measurement is a solution obtained by dispersing or dissolving the electrolyte material (ii) or (iii) in a solvent for a storage device, or a lactone solvent and / or carbonate system as a solvent according to a manufacturing method described later
- the compound (1) solution electrolyte material (ii)
- the electrolyte materials (ii) and (iii) of the present invention have a reduced water content, decomposition of the electrolyte solution caused by water is difficult to occur, and the high potential side such as 13.8 V with respect to lithium Even if the potential is scanned up to, the observed peak current value (resolution current value) can be suppressed low. Therefore, it is understood that the electrolyte materials (ii) and (iii) of the present invention can be used as an electrolyte solution material or an electrolyte solution excellent in voltage resistance.
- the peak current value is excellent lower the withstand voltage
- the peak current value is more preferably at 1.5 mA / cm 2 or less, more preferably at 1.3 mA / cm 2 or less . Particularly preferably, it is 1.0 mA / cm 2 or less.
- the solvent used for LSV measurement is a dewatering grade solvent having a water content of 30 ppm or less.
- the ionic compound represented by the above general formula (1) and the medium or ionic compound (1) may be contained in the electrolyte materials (ii) and (iii) of the present invention, the ionic compound Electrolytes other than (1) may be included.
- the absolute amount of ions in the electrolyte material can be increased, and the electrical conductivity of the ion conductive material using the electrolyte material of the present invention can be improved.
- electrolytes those having a large dissociation constant in the electrolytic solution and having an anion that is difficult to solvate with the aprotic solvent described later are preferable.
- examples of the cationic species and the anionic species constituting other electrolytes include those exemplified in the description of the electrolyte material (i).
- alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid such as LiCF 3 SO 3 , NaCF 3 SO 3 , KCF 3 SO 3 and the like; LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiN (CF 3) Alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid imides such as CF 2 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (FSO 2 ) 2, etc.
- Alkali metal salts of hexafluoroloric acid such as LiPF 6 , NaPF 6 , KPF 6 etc.
- Quaternary ammonium salts quaternary phosphonium salts such as (CH 3 ) 4 P.BF 4 , (C 2 H 5 ) 4 P.BF 4 and the like are suitable as other electrolytes.
- alkali metal salts and / or alkaline earth metal salts are preferable.
- LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid imide, chain Quaternary ammonium salts are preferred, and from the viewpoint of reduction resistance, linear quaternary ammonium salts are preferred.
- a lithium salt, a sodium salt, and a potassium salt are suitable
- an alkaline earth metal salt a calcium salt and a magnesium salt are suitable. More preferred is a lithium salt.
- the present amount of the other electrolyte is preferably 0.1% by mass or 90% by mass or less in 100% by mass in total of the ionic compound represented by the general formula (1) and the other electrolyte. It is. If the amount of other electrolytes is too small, it may be difficult to obtain the effect of using other electrolytes (for example, the absolute amount of ions does not become sufficient and the electric conductivity decreases), and the other electrolytes may not be obtained. If the amount is too large, there is a risk that the movement of ions may be significantly inhibited. More preferably, it is 1% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or less, and still more preferably 70% by mass or less.
- the method of producing electrolyte material (ii), (iii) refers to a method of producing the above-mentioned electrolyte material (ii), (iii)
- the ionic compound represented by the formula is mixed with a solvent selected from lactone solvents and / or carbonate solvents, (I) performing distillation, and / or (ii) contacting with molecular sieve, It is characterized in that it contains
- the ionic compound (1) contained in the electrolyte materials (ii) and (iii) of the present invention has a very high affinity to water, and is ionic even when heating is continued at a temperature higher than 100 ° C. under high vacuum. It is difficult to sufficiently reduce the amount of water contained in the compound (1). Then, when the present inventors repeated examination about the method to reduce the water content, the water content can be effectively reduced by processing in a state in which the ionic compound (1) is dissolved in the organic solvent. I found out.
- an organic solvent having a boiling point lower than that of water has a problem that the solvent is distilled off prior to the removal of water, and an organic solvent having a low solubility of ionic compound (1) is in the middle of dehydration treatment.
- the ionic compound precipitates and it is difficult to reduce the water content sufficiently. Furthermore, it is conceivable to use a polar solvent from the viewpoint of the solubility of the ionic compound, but in this case, the polar solvent remains in the dried ionic compound.
- the ionic compound contains a polar solvent, when it is used in an electrochemical application, problems occur such as the generation of an abnormal current due to the decomposition of the solvent, and the deterioration of the electrochemical characteristics such as the decrease in ion conductivity.
- the present inventors have surprisingly found that the ionic compound is dissolved in a solvent selected from a lactone solvent or a carbonate solvent which is also used as a solvent for an electrolytic solution, (i) By performing the distillation step and / or (ii) the contact step with the molecular sieve, the water content can be sufficiently reduced while preventing the precipitation of the ionic compound, and when used for electrochemical applications It has also been found that an electrolyte material is obtained which is less likely to deteriorate in electrochemical characteristics.
- the method for producing the ionic compound (1) is not particularly limited, and may be produced, for example, by the above-mentioned production methods [1] to [3].
- the lactone solvents and the carbonate solvents have higher solubility of the ionic compound (1) than other solvents, and the boiling point is also relatively high. Therefore, if lactone solvents or carbonate solvents are used, the ionic compounds ( The water content can be efficiently reduced while suppressing the precipitation of 1).
- lactone solvents and carbonate solvents are also used as solvents for electrolytes of various electric storage devices, even if they remain in the ionic compound (1) and also in the electrolyte materials (i) and (ii) , Its influence on the electrochemical properties is small.
- the ionic compound (1) solution whose water content has been reduced through the above step (i) and / or step (ii) can be used as it is for storage device applications such as electrolytes, it also provides process merits. be able to.
- lactone solvents include ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -acetolactone and ⁇ -propiolactone.
- the lactone solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the lactone solvents ⁇ -butyrolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone are preferable.
- the carbonate-based solvent examples include dimethyl carbonate (dimethyl carbonate), diethyl carbonate (diethyl carbonate), ethyl methyl carbonate (ethyl methyl carbonate), diphenyl carbonate, methyl phenyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and the like.
- the carbonate-based solvent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate are preferable.
- the lactone solvent and the carbonate solvent may be used in combination as needed.
- a solution of the ionic compound (1) containing the solvent used in the synthesis or other purification step may be used as it is, or a part or all of the solvent may be used. After removal, it may be mixed with a lactone solvent or a carbonate solvent.
- the use amount of the lactone solvent and / or the carbonate solvent is preferably 100 parts by mass to 1,000,000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the ionic compound (1) or the ionic compound (1) contained in the solution.
- the amount is more preferably 100 parts by mass to 100000 parts by mass, and still more preferably 100 parts by mass to 10000 parts by mass. If the amount of the solvent used is too small, ionic compounds may precipitate and it may be difficult to remove water sufficiently, and if it is too large, productivity may be reduced.
- solvents may be contained in the mixed solution of the ionic compound (1) and the lactone solvent and / or the carbonate solvent.
- the other solvent may be contained in the above reaction solution, or may be mixed with the lactone solvent and / or the carbonate solvent in the ionic compound (1).
- Examples of the solvent used in the synthesis or the other purification step and other solvents include (aromatic) hydrocarbon solvents such as hexane, cyclohexane and toluene, ester solvents such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, acetone and the like Ketone solvents such as ethyl methyl ketone, halogen-containing solvents such as chloroform, methylene chloride, chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene, nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile and valeronitrile, ether solvents, amide solvents, alcohol solvents and the like are included.
- aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as hexane, cyclohexane and toluene
- ester solvents such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate
- acetone and the like Ketone solvents such as ethyl methyl ketone
- halogen-containing solvents such as
- the amount of the other solvent is not particularly limited, but the other solvent is distilled off in the process of performing the step (dehydration step) described later (i) and / or (ii) for the reason described above. Finally, it is recommended to carry out the steps (i) and / or (ii) with the ionic compound (1) dissolved in the lactone solvent and / or the carbonate solvent. .
- distillation step (i) After mixing the ionic compound represented by the general formula (1) and the lactone solvent and / or the carbonate solvent, the mixed solution is supplied to a distillation apparatus. Do the distillation.
- the distillation step is a step of distilling off the other solvent (solvent or the like used in the synthesis or purification step) and water contained in the mixed solution together with the lactone solvent and the carbonate solvent.
- the distillation operation usable in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a simple distillation type, a type using a thin film distiller, a fractional distillation type provided with a distillation column, and a distillate from the distillation column at a constant reflux ratio
- a distillation type to be extracted while returning to the inside of the column a distillation type in which water is concentrated in the reflux tank while maintaining the distillation column at total reflux, and components of the reflux tank are stabilized, batch extraction is performed in a short time, and the like. Water can be further removed by repeating all reflux and batch extraction.
- the time for maintaining the total reflux varies depending on the distillation equipment, but it is preferable to make it longer than the time for which the liquid twice as much as the liquid volume in the reflux tank is distilled from the top. It is preferable that all apparatuses used in the distillation step be provided with known heating means.
- the heating temperature of the mixed solution is preferably 30 ° C. or more and 250 ° C. or less, more preferably 40 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less, and still more preferably 50 ° C. or more and 150 ° C. or less. If the temperature is too low, it may be difficult to reduce the water content sufficiently. On the other hand, if the temperature is too high, the ionic compound (1) and the solvent may be decomposed. The distillation may also be carried out under reduced pressure. By controlling the degree of pressure reduction, the water content can be efficiently reduced even at a low temperature.
- the degree of pressure reduction is, for example, preferably 20 kPa or less, more preferably 10 kPa or less, and still more preferably 5 kPa or less.
- the implementation time of the distillation step is not particularly limited, and the distillation operation may be performed until a predetermined solvent distillation amount or the concentration of the ionic compound (1) reaches a desired value. Thereby, the ion conductive material (electrolyte solution) containing the ionic compound (1) of a desired density
- concentration can be obtained.
- step (ii) of contacting with molecular sieve after mixing the ionic compound represented by the above general formula (1) and the lactone solvent, this mixed solution is mixed with Make contact.
- the molecular sieve the general formula: M '2 / q O ⁇ Al 2 O 3 ⁇ xSiO 2 ⁇ yH 2 O
- M' is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or the like of the metal cation
- q is the M
- the valence is represented by 1 to 2).
- the shape of the molecular sieve is not particularly limited, and powder, sphere (bead), columnar (pellet type), trisive type in which a plurality of cylinders are combined, etc. can be used.
- the molecular sieve may contain a binder component as long as the electrochemical properties of the ionic compound are not affected.
- the molecular sieve may be a synthetic one or a commercially available one.
- the molecular sieve include molecular sieves having an average pore diameter of 3 to 10 ⁇ (notated value) based on 3A type, 4A type, 5A type and 13X type. From the viewpoint of use for an electricity storage device, one having less eluted components such as metal cations is preferable. Among these, those containing Li as a metal cation are preferably used because even if metal cations derived from molecular sieves remain after the contacting step, they have little influence on the performance of the electricity storage device. In the present invention, if necessary, the cation M ′ contained in the molecular sieve may be replaced with another metal cation.
- the amount of molecular sieve used is not particularly limited, and may be suitably determined according to the amount of water contained in the above ionic compound or mixed solution, but for example, molecular sieve 0 relative to 100 parts by mass of mixed solution
- the content is preferably in the range of 0.01 parts by mass to 10000 parts by mass, more preferably 0.05 parts by mass to 1000 parts by mass, and still more preferably 0.1 parts by mass to 100 parts by mass. If the amount of molecular sieve used is too small, it may be difficult to sufficiently reduce the amount of water, and even if used in large amounts, it is difficult to see the effect of reducing the amount of water corresponding to the amount used.
- the contact mode of the mixed solution and the molecular sieve is not particularly limited as long as the ionic compound (1) and the molecular sieve are in contact with each other, but in order to obtain good dewatering efficiency, a method in which the mixed solution in contact with the molecular sieve is renewed. Is preferred.
- a specific contact mode for example, a mode in which a mixed solution and a molecular sieve are mixed and stirred; a mode in which an ionic compound solution is allowed to pass through a packed bed of molecular sieve; and the like.
- the ionic compound solution is allowed to pass through the packed bed, if necessary, the water content in the solution can be further reduced by repeatedly passing the same ionic compound solution through the packed bed. Can.
- the embodiment in which the ionic compound solution is allowed to pass through the packed bed of molecular sieve needs to be provided with a separation process (solid-liquid separation process such as filtration, sedimentation, centrifugation etc.) of the ionic compound solution and the molecular sieve.
- a separation process solid-liquid separation process such as filtration, sedimentation, centrifugation etc.
- the temperature at which the mixed solution is brought into contact with the molecular sieve is preferably ⁇ 40 ° C. to 200 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. to 100 ° C., and still more preferably 0 ° C. to 50 ° C.
- the contact time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 72 hours or less, more preferably 24 hours or less, still more preferably 6 hours or less, from the viewpoint of production efficiency.
- the regeneration conditions of the molecular sieve include, for example, a method of heat treatment to 200 ° C. or higher under a flow of an inert gas such as nitrogen, a method of preheating at a lower temperature and a high temperature treatment, etc. It is not a thing.
- the solution containing the ionic compound (1) in which water content was reduced to 50 ppm or less is obtained.
- the solution containing the ionic compound (1) has a reduced water content, and can be used as it is in various applications. That is, according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent an increase in the amount of water derived from the solvent as compared with the case where the solid ionic compound is dissolved in the solvent.
- the lactone solvent and / or the carbonate solvent correspond to the above-mentioned medium, the ionic compound (1) solution obtained through the above step (i) or (ii) can be used as the electrolyte material (i Or (ii)).
- the solvent is distilled off from the obtained ionic compound (1) solution for the purpose of enhancing the storage stability or facilitating the distribution of the product.
- It may be a solid ionic compound.
- the solid ionic compound referred to here corresponds to the above-mentioned electrolyte material (iii).
- the method for obtaining the solid ionic compound (1) is not particularly limited, but, for example, (a) the ionic compound (1) solution is heated until the ionic compound (1) precipitates, and the precipitate is separated, Method to dry and solidify (powder); (b) distilling the lactone solvent and / or the carbonate solvent from the solution of the ionic compound (1) solution and concentrating, then, if necessary, cooling the concentrated solution while cooling Method of precipitating the ionic compound (1), separating and drying it to solidify it; (c) adding a solvent to the above concentrate to precipitate the ionic compound (1), Method of separating, drying and solidifying; (d) adding a poor solvent having a higher boiling point and distilling off a lactone or carbonate solvent to separate out the slurry; (e) removing the solvent The solution of the ionic compound (1) is heated to dryness until And the like; a method of.
- the drying method of the ionic compound (1) is not particularly limited, and conventionally known drying devices can be used.
- the drying temperature is preferably 0 ° C to 400 ° C.
- the temperature is more preferably 10 ° C. or more, further preferably 20 ° C. or more, more preferably 300 ° C. or less, and still more preferably 200 ° C. or less.
- the drying of the ionic compound (1) may be performed while supplying a gas to the drying device.
- gases include dry inert gas such as nitrogen and argon, and dry air.
- the electrolyte materials (i) to (iii) of the present invention containing the above ionic compound (1) are not only batteries having a charge and discharge mechanism such as primary batteries, lithium (ion) secondary batteries and fuel cells, but also electrolytic capacitors Applications as electrochemical materials such as electrolytes provided in various storage devices such as electric double layer capacitors and solar cells, and as agents for imparting conductivity to polymers utilizing the combination of electrochemical characteristics and thermal stability Use is expected.
- the electrolyte materials (ii) and (iii) of the present invention have a reduced water content, and are particularly suitably used for the above-mentioned applications.
- the structure of an electrical storage device is not specifically limited, The electrolyte material of this invention is applicable to a well-known electrical storage device.
- the electrolyte materials (i) to (iii) of the present invention are suitably used as an electrolyte or electrolyte material of various power storage devices.
- the electricity storage device provided with the electrolytic solution of the present invention includes an electrolytic capacitor, an electric double layer capacitor, a lithium ion capacitor, in addition to a battery having a charge and discharge mechanism such as a primary battery, lithium (ion) secondary battery, and fuel cell.
- a charge and discharge mechanism such as a primary battery, lithium (ion) secondary battery, and fuel cell.
- lithium ion secondary batteries (2) electrolytic capacitors, (3) electric double layer capacitors, and (4) lithium ion capacitors will be described in more detail.
- Lithium Ion Secondary Battery A lithium ion secondary battery is composed mainly of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is characterized in that the electrolytic solution of the present invention is provided as the electrolytic solution in the above basic configuration.
- the lithium ion secondary battery having the above configuration can operate stably even when charging and discharging are repeated under high voltage.
- lithium ion secondary battery it is preferable that it is a non-aqueous electrolyte lithium ion secondary battery which is a lithium ion secondary battery other than a water electrolyte.
- This lithium ion secondary battery uses a carbon material such as graphite as a negative electrode active material to be described later, and uses a compound containing a metal oxide such as LiCoO 2 as a positive electrode active material.
- Such a lithium ion secondary battery In the secondary battery, at the time of charge, for example, a reaction of C 6 Li ⁇ 6C + Li + e occurs at the negative electrode, and electrons (e) generated at the negative electrode surface ion-conductive in the electrolytic solution to move to the positive electrode surface, On the surface, for example, a reaction of CoO 2 + Li + e ⁇ LiCoO 2 occurs, and a current flows from the negative electrode to the positive electrode. On the other hand, during discharge, a reverse reaction occurs during charge, and current flows from the positive electrode to the negative electrode.
- electricity is stored or supplied by a chemical reaction by ions.
- the electrolytic solution provided in the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention contains a lithium ion, a cyanoborate anion, and an aprotic organic solvent.
- the lithium ion and the cyanoborate anion each function as a carrier of charge in the electrolytic solution.
- cyanoborate anions are excellent in withstand voltage characteristics (the effect of improving the voltage resistance on the positive electrode side) and are difficult to be decomposed even in use under high voltage. Therefore, the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention can be stably operated even under high voltage, and has high energy density.
- the electrolyte solution of this invention is preferable to use as an electrolyte solution of the lithium ion secondary battery of this invention.
- the lithium ion and the cyanoborate anion contained in the electrolytic solution according to the present invention are derived from a compound containing these anions and / or cations.
- the compound that generates these ions may be derived from the ionic compound (1) or may be derived from another electrolyte.
- the lithium ion contained in the electrolyte solution based on this invention originates in another electrolyte.
- the concentration of lithium ions in the electrolytic solution is preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mass% or more and 5 mass% or less. More preferably, it is 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mass% or more, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mass% or more, more preferably 3 mass% or less, and still more preferably 2 mass% or less is there.
- the concentration of cyanoborate anion is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less. More preferably, it is 1% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 40% by mass or less, and still more preferably 30% by mass or less.
- the lithium ion and the cyanoborate anion are too small in the electrolyte solution, the desired electrical conductivity may be difficult to obtain.
- the concentration is too high, particularly the low temperature range Although it becomes pronounced at (about -20 ° C.), the viscosity of the electrolyte increases, which may lower the charge transfer efficiency, or lithium cyanoborate may be precipitated in the electrolyte to adversely affect the electrodes and the like.
- the large amount of use leads to an increase in cost.
- the concentrations of the ionic compound (1) and the other electrolytes in the electrolytic solution are not particularly limited as long as the amount of lithium ions and the amount of cyanoborate anions fall within the above ranges, for example, ionicity wherein Mn + is an onium cation
- the concentration of the compound (1) is 0.01% by mass or more, and preferably less than 50% by mass. When the concentration of the electrolyte is in the above range, it is preferable because it exhibits good electrical conductivity.
- the concentration of the ionic compound (1) is more preferably 0.05% by mass or more, further preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or less, and further preferably It is 10% by mass or less.
- the concentration is too low, it may be difficult to obtain the desired electrical conductivity.
- the concentration is too high, the viscosity of the electrolyte will be remarkable although it becomes remarkable particularly in the low temperature range (about -20.degree. C.).
- the charge transfer efficiency may be increased, or the ionic compound (1) may be separated and deposited in the electrolytic solution to adversely affect the electrodes and the like.
- the use of a large amount of ionic compound (1) results in an increase in cost.
- a polymer electrolyte or a polymer gel electrolyte may be used as the electrolyte.
- the polymer electrolyte is a polymer as a base material on which the electrolyte is supported, and for example, a polymer electrolyte (polymer gel electrolyte) obtained by impregnating the electrolyte of the present invention in a polymer, an ionic compound (1), What made the above-mentioned other electrolytes solid solution to a substrate polymer (an intrinsic polymer electrolyte) is mentioned.
- groups such as polyethylene oxide and a polypropylene oxide, etc. are mentioned, Especially, polyethylene oxide is used preferably.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention has a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolytic solution.
- a separator is provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode in order to prevent a short circuit due to their contact.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are respectively composed of a current collector, a positive electrode active material or a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder (binder material). It is formed on the top by being formed into a thin coating film, sheet or plate.
- the positive electrode is not particularly limited, and any known positive electrode can be used.
- a positive electrode current collector a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, a binder and the like are used.
- a positive electrode collector aluminum, stainless steel, etc. can be illustrated, for example.
- LiNiVO 4, LiCoPO 4, LiCoVO 4, LiCrMnO 4, LiCr x Mn 2-x O 4 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5), LiCr 0.2 Ni 0.4 Mn 1.4 O 4, LiPtO 3, Li x Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , LiFeO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiCoO 2 , LiCoO 2 , LiMn 1.6 Ni 0.4 O 4 , LiFePO 4 , LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 , LiNi 1/2 Mn 1/2 O 2 , LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 , LiNi 0.8 Co 0.2 O 2 , LiNiO 2 , Li 1 + x (Fe 0.4 Mn 0.4 Co 0.2 ) 1-x O 2 and the like can be used.
- the material which has high electric potential of 4 V or more is preferable.
- the positive electrode active material is preferably in the form of powder (particulate), and preferably has a particle diameter of 10 nm or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle diameter is more preferably 20 nm or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 50 nm or more and 50 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 100 nm or more and 30 ⁇ m or less, and still more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size is a value of volume average particle size measured by a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring apparatus.
- the nominal value of the seller may be referred to.
- the negative electrode is not particularly limited, and any known negative electrode used in lithium ion secondary batteries can be used. Specifically, a negative electrode current collector, a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent, a binder, etc. What is composed of is preferably used. These materials are similar to the positive electrode, but are formed on a negative electrode current collector by forming a thin coating film, a sheet, or a plate.
- the negative electrode current collector examples include copper, nickel, stainless steel and the like.
- the negative electrode active material a conventionally known negative electrode active material used in a lithium ion secondary battery can be used. Specifically, natural graphite, artificial graphite, amorphous carbon, coke and mesophase pitch carbon fiber, graphite, hard carbon which is amorphous carbon, carbon material such as C-Si composite material, lithium-aluminum alloy, lithium Lithium alloy such as magnesium alloy, lithium-indium alloy, lithium-thallium alloy, lithium-lead alloy, lithium-bismuth alloy, or one or more kinds of titanium, tin, iron, molybdenum, niobium, vanadium and zinc And metal sulfides. Among these, metal lithium and carbon materials capable of absorbing and releasing alkali metal ions are more preferable.
- carbon black such as acetylene black and ketjen black, natural graphite, thermally expanded graphite, carbon fiber, metal fiber such as ruthenium oxide, titanium oxide, aluminum, nickel and the like are preferable.
- acetylene black and ketjen black are more preferable in that the conductivity can be effectively improved with a small amount.
- the blending amount of the conductive agent varies depending on the type of active material used, but it is preferably 1 part by mass to 10 parts by mass, and 3 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode or negative electrode active material. Is more preferred.
- binder substance polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, carboxyl methylcellulose, a cross-linked polymer of fluoroolefin copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyimide, petroleum pitch, coal pitch, phenol resin and the like are preferable. One or more of these may be used.
- the blending amount of the binder substance varies depending on the kind of active material to be used, but is preferably 0.5 parts by mass to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode or the negative electrode active material, and 3 parts by mass More preferably, it is 5 parts by mass.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode for example, after a binder material is added to and mixed with a mixture of an electrode active material of the positive electrode or the negative electrode and acetylene black which is a conductive agent, the mixture is coated on each current collector (2)
- the electrode active material and the binder substance are mixed, molded, integrated with the current collector, and then heat treated in an inert atmosphere to form a sintered body as an electrode. It is.
- the activated carbon fiber cloth obtained by carrying out the activation process of carbon fiber cloth you may use it as an electrode as it is, without using a binder substance.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are brought into contact by a method of sandwiching a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, or a method of holding the electrodes facing each other at a distance. And it is preferable to prevent short circuits.
- the separator it is preferable to use a porous thin film which does not cause a chemical reaction with the ionic compound (1) or other electrolytes in the use temperature range.
- the material of the separator is preferably paper; an organic material such as polyolefin (polypropylene, polyethylene or the like) or aramid; an organic porous material such as aramid fiber; an inorganic material such as glass fiber;
- a separator made of an inorganic material, a polyolefin material, or a mixture thereof is preferable.
- a polypropylene (PP) film, a polyethylene (PE) film, or a laminated film obtained by laminating these films for example, PP / PE / PP three-layer film etc.
- polyolefin material and inorganic material A molded body of a mixture of the foregoing, a porous sheet containing cellulose coated or impregnated with the above-mentioned organic material, and the like are suitable as a separator.
- electrolytes such as LiPF 6 which has been used in a conventional electrolyte results in hydrogen fluoride (HF) was decomposed in a small amount of water contained in the electrolyte.
- This hydrogen fluoride not only dissolves the electrode active material, but also reacts with the inorganic material for separator such as glass fiber to dissolve it, so that there is a problem that the internal resistance of the electricity storage device is increased.
- metal oxides such as ceramics and insulating inorganic materials such as glass fibers can also be used as the separator material.
- the insulating inorganic material may be used alone, or may be used as a filler mixed with an organic substance.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention only needs to have a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolytic solution, and even if a plurality of cells each having the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the electrolytic solution as one unit are provided. Good.
- the shape of the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is not limited as long as it has the above configuration, and any of conventionally known shapes such as coin shape, wound cylindrical shape, laminated square shape and aluminum laminate type can be adopted.
- the outer case is not particularly limited, and conventionally known ones such as aluminum and steel may be employed.
- Electrolytic capacitor comprises an anode foil, a cathode foil, an electrolytic paper which is a separator sandwiched between the anode foil and the cathode foil, a lead wire and the electrolyte of the present invention as basic components. It is a thing.
- An aluminum electrolytic capacitor is preferable as such an electrolytic capacitor.
- As such an aluminum electrolytic capacitor it is preferable to use, as a dielectric, a thin oxide film (aluminum oxide) formed by electrolytic anodic oxidation on the surface of an aluminum foil roughened by forming fine irregularities by electrolytic etching. .
- the electric double layer capacitor is composed of polarizable electrodes (negative electrode, positive electrode) and an electrolyte as basic components.
- the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention is characterized in that it has the electrolytic solution of the present invention containing an ionic compound (1) and a solvent as the electrolytic solution in the above basic configuration.
- ionic compound (1) it is desirable that cation Mn + is onium cation.
- the above-mentioned polymer electrolyte or polymer gel electrolyte may be used as the electrolyte.
- the electric double layer capacitor having the above configuration has a higher positive electrode potential at full charge than in the prior art, and can operate stably even when charging and discharging are repeated under high voltage.
- one pair of opposing polarizable electrodes functions as a positive electrode and the other as a negative electrode.
- the polarizable electrode is provided on a collecting electrode, and is composed of an electrode active material of a positive electrode or a negative electrode, a conductive agent, a binder (binder material), etc. It is formed by forming a thin coating film, sheet or plate on the pole.
- the electrode active material examples include activated carbon fibers, a molded article of activated carbon particles, activated carbon such as activated carbon particles, porous metal oxides, porous metals, conductive polymers, and the like.
- activated carbon is preferable, and as the positive electrode, activated carbon, porous metal oxide, porous metal, and conductive polymer are preferable.
- activated carbon is preferable, and as the activated carbon, one having an average pore diameter of 2.5 nm or less is preferable.
- the average pore diameter is a value measured by the BET method by nitrogen adsorption.
- the specific surface area of activated carbon differs depending on the electrostatic capacity (F / m 2 ) per unit area due to carbonaceous species, the decrease in bulk density accompanying the increase in specific surface area, and the like.
- the specific surface area is preferably 500 m 2 / g to 2500 m 2 / g, and more preferably 1000 m 2 / g to 2000 m 2 / g.
- the activated carbon As a method of producing the activated carbon, plant-based wood, sawdust, coconut shell, pulp waste solution, fossil fuel-based coal, petroleum heavy oil, or coal and petroleum-based pitch obtained by pyrolyzing them, petroleum coke, Carbon Aerogel, mesophase carbon, tar pitch fiber, synthetic polymer, phenol resin, furan resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin, ion exchange resin, liquid crystal polymer, plastic waste It is preferable to use the activation method of activating and manufacturing after carbonizing the raw materials such as objects and waste tires.
- the chemical activation method of heating activated carbon to obtain activated carbon by dehydration and oxidation reaction of the chemical is mentioned, and any of them may be used.
- the activated carbon obtained by the above-mentioned activation method may be subjected to heat treatment to remove unnecessary surface functional groups or to develop crystallinity of carbon to increase electric conductivity.
- the heat treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of preferably 500 ° C. to 2500 ° C., more preferably 700 ° C. to 1500 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen, argon, helium, or xenon.
- an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen, argon, helium, or xenon.
- Examples of the shape of the activated carbon include crushing, granulation, granules, fibers, felts, fabrics, sheets and the like.
- the shape of the activated carbon is preferably granular, and in this case, the average particle diameter of the activated carbon is preferably 30 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of improving the bulk density of the electrode and reducing the internal resistance.
- the average particle size is a value of volume average particle size measured by a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring apparatus. Also, the nominal value of the seller may be referred to.
- a carbon material having the above specific surface area other than activated carbon may be used, and for example, carbon nanotubes, diamond produced by plasma CVD, or the like may be used.
- the conductive agent those exemplified as the conductive agent in the description of the lithium ion secondary battery are preferable.
- the blending amount of the conductive agent varies depending on the material used as the electrode active material and the shape thereof, but in the case of using activated carbon, for example, 5 parts by mass to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of activated carbon Preferably, it is 10 parts by mass to 30 parts by mass.
- binder substance those exemplified as the binder substance in the description of the lithium ion secondary battery are preferable.
- the blending amount of the binder substance varies depending on the material used as the electrode active material and the shape thereof, but in the case of using activated carbon, for example, 0.5 parts by mass to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of activated carbon. Is preferable, and 2 to 30 parts by mass is more preferable.
- the current collection electrode is used to take out the capacitance stored in the polarizable electrode to the outside.
- a current collection electrode aluminum foil, copper foil, metal fibers, such as aluminum and nickel, etc. are mentioned.
- the polarizable electrode for example, (1) a mixture of activated carbon which is an electrode active material and acetylene black which is a conductive agent is added and mixed with polytetrafluoroethylene which is a binder material. After that, a method of applying on a collecting electrode and press-molding, (2) mixing activated carbon and binder substance such as pitch, tar, phenol resin etc., forming, integrating with a collecting electrode, heat treatment under inert atmosphere It is preferable to use a method of using an electrode as a sintered body and (3) a method of using only activated carbon and a binder substance or activated carbon as an electrode. In addition, when using the activated carbon fiber cloth obtained by carrying out the activation process of carbon fiber cloth, you may use it as an electrode as it is, without using a binder substance.
- the contact or short circuit between the polarizable electrodes is achieved by a method of sandwiching the separator between polarizable electrodes, or a method of making the polarizable electrodes face each other with a space by using holding means. It is preferable to prevent.
- the separator it is preferable to use a porous thin film which does not cause a chemical reaction with the ionic compound (1) or other electrolytes in the use temperature range.
- the material of the separator may be a non-woven fabric made of cellulose fibers such as kraft paper or manila paper, a fiber material made of inorganic fibers such as ceramic fibers, a porous sheet containing aliphatic polyketone fibers, and a porous sheet containing cellulose. And those impregnated with such a polymer.
- the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention only needs to have a pair of polarizable electrodes facing each other via a separator, and the electrolytic solution of the present invention, and a pair of polarizable electrodes facing each other via a separator It may be provided with a plurality of cells each having a non-aqueous electrolyte as one unit.
- the shape of the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention is not limited as long as it has the above configuration, and any of conventionally known shapes such as coin shape, wound cylindrical shape, laminated square shape, and aluminum laminate type can be adopted.
- the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention charges are stored in the electric double layer generated at the interface between the polarizable electrode and the electrolytic solution by physical adsorption and desorption of ions. Then, the stored charge is taken out as electrical energy through the collecting electrode.
- a lithium ion capacitor is a carbon-based material capable of storing lithium ions as a negative electrode material while using the principle of a general electric double layer capacitor, and the energy density can be obtained by adding lithium ions thereto.
- the capacitor is an improved capacitor, and the principle of charge and discharge is different between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and has a structure in which the negative electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery and the positive electrode of the electric double layer capacitor are combined.
- the lithium ion capacitor of the present invention comprises the electrolyte solution of the present invention in addition to the basic configuration of the lithium ion capacitor, ie, a polarizable electrode (positive electrode) and a negative electrode containing a negative electrode active material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions. It has a feature in the place it has.
- the lithium ion capacitor having the above configuration can operate stably even when charging and discharging are repeated under high voltage.
- the electrolytic solution provided in the lithium ion capacitor of the present invention preferably contains an ionic compound (1) in which the cation Mn + is a lithium ion, and an aprotic organic solvent.
- the lithium ion and the cyanoborate anion each function as a carrier of charge in the electrolytic solution.
- cyanoborate anions are excellent in withstand voltage characteristics (the effect of improving the voltage resistance on the positive electrode side) and are difficult to be decomposed even in use under high voltage. Therefore, the lithium ion capacitor of the present invention can be stably operated even under high voltage, and has high energy density.
- the lithium ion and the cyanoborate anion contained in the electrolytic solution according to the present invention are derived from a compound containing these anions and / or cations.
- the compound that generates these ions may be derived from the ionic compound (1) or may be derived from another electrolyte.
- the lithium ion contained in the electrolyte solution based on this invention originates in another electrolyte.
- the concentration of lithium ions in the electrolytic solution is preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mass% or more and 5 mass% or less. More preferably, it is 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 mass% or more, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 mass% or more, more preferably 3 mass% or less, and still more preferably 2 mass% or less is there.
- the concentration of cyanoborate anion is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less. More preferably, it is 1% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 40% by mass or less, and still more preferably 30% by mass or less.
- the lithium ion and the cyanoborate anion are too small in the electrolyte solution, the desired electrical conductivity may be difficult to obtain.
- the concentration is too high, particularly the low temperature range Although it becomes pronounced at (about -20 ° C.), the viscosity of the electrolyte increases, which may lower the charge transfer efficiency, or lithium cyanoborate may be precipitated in the electrolyte to adversely affect the electrodes and the like.
- the large amount of use leads to an increase in cost.
- the lithium ion capacitor of the present invention has a positive electrode (polarizable electrode), a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution.
- a separator is provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode in order to prevent a short circuit due to their contact.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are respectively composed of a current collecting electrode, a positive electrode active material or a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder (binder material), and each of these electrodes is formed on the current collecting electrode. , Forming a thin coating film, sheet or plate.
- activated carbon As a positive electrode active material, activated carbon, a porous metal oxide, a porous metal, and a conductive polymer are suitable.
- the activated carbon those exemplified as the activated carbon in the description of the electric double layer capacitor are preferable. Further, as a method of manufacturing the same, the same method as activated carbon in an electric double layer capacitor can be adopted.
- a carbon material having the above specific surface area other than activated carbon may be used, and for example, carbon nanotubes, diamond produced by plasma CVD, or the like may be used.
- the negative electrode active material a material capable of storing and releasing lithium ions is used.
- Such materials include pyrolytic carbon; coke such as pitch coke, needle coke, petroleum coke, etc .; graphite; glassy carbon; an organic polymer compound obtained by firing and carbonizing a phenolic resin, furan resin, etc.
- Carbon materials such as activated carbon; Polymers such as polyacetylene, polypyrrole and polyacene; Lithium-containing transition metal oxides or transition metal sulfides such as Li 4 / 3Ti 5 / 3O 4 and TiS 2 ; alkali metals Metals such as Al, Pb, Sn, Bi, and Si to be alloyed; Cu-based intermetallic compounds such as AlSb, Mg 2 Si, NiSi 2 and the like which can insert an alkali metal between lattices, Li 3- Lithium nitrogen compounds such as f G f N (G: transition metal, real number greater than f: 0 and less than 0.8) are preferable. One or more of these may be used. Among these, carbon materials are more preferable.
- the conductive agent those exemplified as the conductive agent in the description of the lithium ion secondary battery are preferable.
- the blending amount of the conductive agent varies depending on the type and shape of the material used for the positive electrode and the negative electrode active material, but in the case of using activated carbon, for example, 5 parts by mass to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of activated carbon. It is preferable to set it to 10 parts by mass to 30 parts by mass.
- the binder substance those exemplified as the binder substance in the description of the lithium ion secondary battery are preferable.
- the blending amount of the binder substance varies depending on the type and shape of the material used for the positive electrode and the negative electrode active material, but in the case of using activated carbon, for example, 0.5 parts by mass to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of activated carbon.
- the amount is preferably in the range of 2 parts by mass to 30 parts by mass.
- the current collection electrode is used to take out the electrical capacity stored in the positive electrode (polarizable electrode) and the negative electrode to the outside.
- a positive electrode current collection electrode aluminum, stainless steel, etc. are used, for example, and aluminum, copper, nickel, etc. are used as a negative electrode current collection electrode.
- a method of forming the positive electrode and the negative electrode for example, after a binder material is added to and mixed with a mixture of an electrode active material of a positive electrode or a negative electrode and acetylene black which is a conductive agent, it is applied on each collecting electrode
- a method of press molding (2) a method of mixing an electrode active material and a binder substance, molding, integrating them with a current collector electrode, and then heat treating in an inert atmosphere to form an electrode as a sintered body, (3)
- Preferred is a method of sintering activated carbon and a binder substance or activated carbon alone to form an electrode.
- the activated carbon fiber cloth obtained by carrying out the activation process of carbon fiber cloth you may use it as an electrode as it is, without using a binder substance.
- lithium ions are preferably absorbed by a chemical method or an electrochemical method.
- the potential of the negative electrode is lowered, so that a wider voltage range can be used, and as a result, the energy density of the lithium ion capacitor is improved.
- a method of occluding lithium ions any of the conventionally known methods can be adopted, for example, a method of making constant current charge by facing a negative electrode and lithium metal through a separator in an electrolytic solution, electrolytic solution Among them, a method of bringing a negative electrode into contact with lithium metal and heating may be mentioned.
- contact or short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode by a method of sandwiching the separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, or a method of holding the electrodes facing each other at intervals. It is preferable to prevent
- separator it is preferable to use a porous thin film which does not cause a chemical reaction with the ionic compound (1) or other electrolytes in the use temperature range.
- a material of a separator what was illustrated as a separator of a lithium ion secondary battery or an electric double layer capacitor is suitable.
- the lithium ion capacitor of the present invention only needs to have a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolytic solution, and may have a plurality of cells each having the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the electrolytic solution as one unit.
- the shape of the lithium ion capacitor of the present invention is not limited as long as it has the above-mentioned configuration, and any of conventionally known shapes such as coin, wound cylindrical, laminated square, and aluminum laminate may be employed.
- the lithium ion capacitor of the present invention is composed mainly of a positive electrode and a negative electrode facing each other via a separator, and an electrolytic solution that fills the space between these electrodes.
- electric charges are stored in the electric double layer generated at the interface between the positive electrode and the electrolytic solution by physical adsorption and desorption of ions, while lithium ions are absorbed in the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode. Charge is stored by being done. Then, when the stored charge is taken out as electric energy through the collecting electrode, the ions attached to the positive electrode are separated from the electrode, and lithium ions stored in the negative electrode active material are also released.
- the ionic compound (1) which concerns on this invention becomes an ionic liquid which takes the state of a liquid at 100 degrees C or less by selecting cation Mn + .
- ionic liquids have high electrochemical and thermal stability because they have the property of having ionic bonds, and further have the property of selectively absorbing specific gases such as carbon dioxide. It is known that the ionic compound (1) according to the present invention is also considered to have the same characteristics as these. Therefore, the ionic compound (1) of the present invention is used for electrochemical materials applications such as various storage devices described above (primary battery, lithium (ion) secondary battery, battery having charge and discharge mechanism such as fuel cell, etc., In addition to electrolytic materials, such as electrolytes, etc.
- reaction of organic synthesis that can be used repeatedly that utilizes high thermal stability
- the measurement solution in which the reaction solution or the crude product is dissolved in heavy dimethyl sulfoxide so that the concentration is 1 mass% to 5 mass% is made of aluminum oxide containing no boron element.
- the sample was placed in an NMR tube and measured at room temperature (25 ° C.), 64 times of integration. Also, in the measurement of 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectra, tetramethylsilane was used as a standard substance, and in the measurement of 11 B-NMR spectrum, diethyl etherate of boron trifluoride was used as a standard substance.
- the “NMR yield” means the crude yield of triethylammonium tetracyanoborate obtained by comparing the integral ratio of the integral value of the peak derived from the desired product to the peak of the other (impurity) in the chart obtained. Do the same (following, the same).
- Experimental Example 2-1-4 Drying of potassium tricyanomethoxyborate (KB (CN) 3 OMe) 1.04 g of the black solid (potassium tricyanomethoxyborate) obtained in Experimental Example 2-1-3 in a 50 mL eggplant flask (6.57 mmol) was charged. The flask was heated to 80 ° C. using an oil bath while reducing the pressure in the flask with a vacuum pump, and dried for 48 hours.
- potassium tricyanomethoxyborate KB (CN) 3 OMe
- Experimental Example 2-2 Measurement of Impurity Amount
- the impurity amount contained in the ionic compound obtained in Experimental Example 2-1-1 to 2-1-4 was measured according to the above measurement method. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the cation which comprises the ionic compound which is a product is not regarded as impurity ion.
- Experimental Example 2-3 Measurement of Withstand Voltage Range Experimental Example 2-3-1 LSV Measurement of Triethylmethyl Ammonium Tricyano Methoxy Bolate Triethylmethylammonium Tricia synthesized in Experimental Example 2-1-2 by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) measurement The withstand voltage range of nomethoxy borate was measured.
- LSV linear sweep voltammetry
- the one obtained by dissolving the salt obtained in Experimental Example 2-1-2 in dehydrated propylene carbonate (manufactured by Kishda Chemical Co., Ltd.) and adjusting the concentration to 25 mass% was used. The measurement conditions are shown below and the results are shown in FIG.
- Experimental Example 2-3-2 LSV Measurement of Lithium Tricyanomethoxyborate
- the withstand voltage range of lithium tricyanomethoxyborate synthesized in Experimental Example 2-1-1 was measured by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) measurement.
- LSV linear sweep voltammetry
- the one obtained by dissolving the salt obtained in Experimental Example 2-1-1 in dehydrated ⁇ -butyrolactone (manufactured by Kishda Kagaku) and adjusting the concentration to 7% by mass was used. The measurement conditions are shown below and the results are shown in FIG.
- the measurement of the withstand voltage range was performed in the same manner as in Example 2-3-1 except that the solvent of the solution for measurement was changed to ⁇ -butyrolactone and the solution concentration was changed to 7% by mass.
- the ionic compound of the present invention represented by the above general formula (1) has a reduced content of predetermined impurities. Moreover, according to the production method of the present invention, the ionic compound represented by the above general formula (1), and further, the ionic compound in which the amount of various impurities is reduced can be provided.
- the ionic compound of the present invention is considered to be capable of sufficiently exhibiting the characteristics of the ionic compound when used for various applications since the predetermined amount of impurities is reduced, and is suitably used for various applications.
- the ionic compound of the present invention is used as an electrolytic solution included in an electric storage device, decomposition of the electrolytic solution is difficult to occur even when operated in a high voltage region, and the cycle characteristics are good. It can be expected to be a high performance storage device.
- Experimental Example 2-4 Charge / Discharge Test A CR2032 coin cell was prepared using lithium tricyanomethoxyborate synthesized in Experimental Example 2-1-1 above and commercially available ⁇ -butyrolactone (LIB grade, manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) , Charge and discharge test was done.
- LIB grade manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the coin cell uses LiMn 2 O 4 for the positive electrode and lithium foil (thickness: 0.5 mm, Honjo Metal Co., Ltd.) for the negative electrode, and this positive electrode and the negative electrode are opposed to each other across the glass non-woven fabric and the concentration is 7 mass % (0.7 M) of lithium tricyanomethoxyborate in ⁇ -butyrolactone solution (electrolyte solution).
- the discharge capacity of the first and after 10 cycles is measured by the charge / discharge test device (“Battery Labo System [BS2501 Series]”, manufactured by Keisoku Keisyu Center Co., Ltd.) using the coin cell produced, and after 10 cycles The maintenance rate was calculated. In addition, charge / discharge rest time of 10 minutes was provided at each charge / discharge. The measurement conditions are shown below. The results are shown in Table 2 and the charge / discharge curve at the time of initial charge / discharge is shown in FIG.
- the storage device provided with the electrolytic solution containing a lithium tricyanomethoxyborate salt shows a small decrease in capacity retention rate after 10 cycles. From this result, it is shown that the electrolytic solution of the present invention containing the ionic compound represented by the general formula (1) and a solvent is suitable as an electrolytic solution of a power storage device, and further comprising the electrolytic solution of the present invention It was also shown that the storage device is less likely to cause a decrease in capacity even after repeated charge and discharge.
- the electrolytic solution of the present invention containing the ionic compound represented by the above general formula (1) and a solvent is less likely to cause decomposition even in a high voltage range, and thus is suitable for the electrolytic solution provided in various storage devices. It is considered to be used. In addition, it is considered that the electricity storage device provided with the electrolytic solution of the present invention is less likely to cause deterioration of the electrolytic solution even when operated at a high potential, and can operate stably.
- the measurement sample in which the reaction solution or the obtained salt is dissolved in heavy dimethyl sulfoxide so as to have a concentration of 1% by mass to 5% by mass is made of aluminum oxide containing no boron element and made of aluminum oxide
- the sample was placed in an NMR tube of and measured at room temperature (25.degree. C.), 64 times of integration.
- the sample injection volume was 0.1 ml to 3 ml according to the water content of the sample, and “Hydranal® Clomat AK” (manufactured by Sigma Aldrich) was used for the generation solution, “hydra” for the counter electrode solution. Nal.RTM. Clomat CG-K “(Sigma Aldrich) was used.
- the sample was injected from the sample inlet using a syringe so as not to touch the outside air.
- the water content of the solution containing the ionic compound (1) (the electrolyte material (ii) in the present invention) was measured using the above-described Karl Fischer moisture measuring device, using the ionic compound obtained in the following experimental example as a sample.
- the ionic compound (1) in the solid state the water content is measured for a sample solution prepared by dissolving it in a solvent whose water content was previously measured, and the water content in the measurement solution (measurement value)
- the water content of the solid (ionic compound (1)) was calculated by subtracting the amount of water derived from.
- a polymer when included as a medium of electrolyte material (ii), it can be disperse
- Measurement of Impurity Content The amount of impurities contained in the ionic compound obtained in the experimental example was measured. The measurement method of various impurity contents (CN - contents, metal and metalloid component contents) was performed in the same manner as in Experimental Example 2.
- the obtained lithium tricyanomethoxyborate is dissolved in 228 g of a 5% by mass aqueous lithium hydroxide solution, 2273 g of butyl acetate is further added, and the mixture is shaken and agitated to extract the product into the organic layer did. After separating the organic layer from the aqueous layer, butyl acetate was distilled off. This operation was repeated twice to obtain lithium tricyanomethoxyborate (washed product) as a white solid (yield: 25.3 g).
- Experimental Example 3-2 Production of Electrolyte Material
- Experimental Example 3-2-1 1.01 g (water content: 531 ppm) of lithium tricyanomethoxyborate (LiB (CN) 3 OMe, recrystallized product) obtained in Experimental Example 3-1-1 with ⁇ -butyrolactone having a water content of 12.8 ppm It was dissolved in 9.61 g to obtain a homogeneous sample solution. The water content of the sample solution at this time was 62.1 ppm.
- Experimental Example 3-2-2 1.12 g (water content: 593 ppm) of lithium tricyanoethoxyborate (LiB (CN) 3 OEt, recrystallized product) obtained in Experimental Example 3-1-2 is dissolved in 9.20 g of ⁇ -butyrolactone, A homogeneous sample solution was obtained. The water content of the sample solution at this time was 75.8 ppm.
- Example 3-2-1 in a dry room at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a dew point temperature of ⁇ 70 ° C. to ⁇ 50 ° C., a sample solution and 33% by mass molecular sieve based on the mass of this sample solution 2 into a polypropylene screw tube, and sealed up, and the temperature: 25 ° C., dew point temperature -70 ° C. to -50 ° C., using a shaker (SHAKER RS-2, manufactured by As One Co., Ltd.) for 24 hours Stir and measure the water content.
- Table 4 the water content (powder) calculated from the water content (solution) obtained at this time and the amount of powder obtained when all the solvent is removed from the sample solution after stirring for 24 hours is shown in the table. It shows according to 4.
- an electrolyte material (ii), (iii) having a reduced water content which adversely affects electrochemical properties and a method for producing them. Accordingly, the electrolyte materials (ii) and (iii) of the present invention having a reduced water content exhibit good withstand voltage characteristics, and are considered to be suitably used for various electrochemical devices.
- the organic solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure from the obtained yellow solution and concentrated, and after cooling to room temperature, 50 g of ethyl acetate and 10 g of pure water are added to the obtained powder to separate it and separate the ethyl acetate layer. I divided it. Then, ethyl acetate was distilled off to obtain a crude product of a brown solid (triethylmethylammonium tricyanophenyl borate). The crude product was purified by recrystallization (solvent: diethyl ether / acetonitrile) to give white crystals (yield: 0.43 g (1.51 mmol), yield: 30%).
- Experimental Example 4-2 Measurement of Withstand Voltage Range Experimental Example 4-2-1 LSV Measurement of Triethylmethylammonium Tricyanophenylborate The triethylmethylammonium trisiae synthesized in Experimental Example 4-1-1 by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) measurement The withstand voltage range of nophenyl borate was measured.
- LSV linear sweep voltammetry
- the one obtained by dissolving the salt obtained in Experimental Example 4-1-1 in dehydrated propylene carbonate (manufactured by Kishda Kagaku) and adjusting the concentration to 19 mass% (1.0 M) was used. The measurement conditions are shown below, and the results are shown in FIG.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Mn+([B(CN)4-mYm]-)n (1)
(式中、Mn+は1価、2価、または3価の有機又は無機カチオンを表し、Yは、ハロゲン、ハロゲンを有していてもよい主鎖の炭素数が1~10の炭化水素基、-C(O)R14、-S(O)lR14、-Z(R14)2又は-XR14を表し、R14は、H、ハロゲン、又は主鎖の原子数が1~10の有機置換基を表し、ZはN又はPを表し、XはO又はSを表し、lは1~2の整数を表し、mは1~3の整数を表し、nは1~3の整数を表す。)
本発明には、上記電解液を用いたデバイスも含まれる。
Mn+([B(CN)4-mYm]-)n (1)
(式(1)中、Mn+は1価、2価、または3価の有機又は無機カチオンを表し、Yは、ハロゲン、ハロゲンを有していてもよい主鎖の炭素数が1~10の炭化水素基、-C(O)R14、-S(O)lR14、-Z(R14)2又は-XR14を表し、R14は、H、ハロゲン、又は主鎖の原子数が1~10の有機置換基を表し、ZはN又はPを表し、XはO又はSを表し、lは1~2の整数を表し、mは1~3の整数を表し、nは1~3の整数を表す。)
Mn+([B(CN)4-m(XR13)m]-)n (8)
(式(8)中、Mn+は1価、2価、または3価の有機又は無機カチオンを表し、XはO又はSを表し、R13は、H又は主鎖の炭素数が1~10の炭化水素基を表し、mは1~3の整数を表し、nは1~3の整数を表す。)
上記置換反応試剤は、アルキルシリルシアニド、有機マグネシウム試薬、有機リチウム試薬、脂肪族アルコール類、ハロゲン化アルコール類、フェノール類、カルボン酸無水物類、スルホン酸又はスルホン酸無水物類であるのが好ましい。
また、本発明に係るイオン性化合物は、一般式(1)において、上記Yが-OR14であり、R14で表される有機置換基が、ハロゲンを有していてもよい主鎖の炭素数が1~10のアルキル基、ハロゲンを有していてもよい炭素数6~10のアリール基、ハロゲンを有していてもよい主鎖の炭素数が1~10のアルカノイル基、ハロスルフィニル基、ハロゲンを有していてもよい炭素数1~10のアルキルスルフィニル基、ハロゲンを有していてもよい炭素数6~10のアリールスルフィニル基、ハロスルホニル基、ハロゲンを有していてもよい炭素数1~10のアルキルスルホニル基、ハロゲンを有していてもよい炭素数6~10のアリールスルホニル基、又は、炭素数が1~10のアルキルシリル基であるものが好ましい。
Mn+([B(CN)4-m(XR14)m]-)n (6)
(式(6)中、Mn+は1価、2価、又は3価の有機又は無機カチオンを表し、XはO又はSを表し、R14はH、ハロゲン、又は主鎖の原子数が1~10の有機置換基を表し、mは1~3の整数を表し、nは1~3の整数を表す。)
上記イオン性化合物は、不純物であるCN-含有量が10000ppm以下であるのが好ましい。
Mn+([B(CN)4-m(XR14)m]-)n (6)
(式(6)中、Mn+は1価、2価、又は3価の有機又は無機カチオンを表し、Xは、O又はSを表し、R14は、H、ハロゲン、又は主鎖の原子数が1~10の有機置換基を表し、mは1~3の整数を表し、nは1~3の整数を表す。)
上記シアン化合物は、トリアルキルシリルシアニドであるのが好ましい。
また、イオン性化合物(1)と溶媒とを含有する本発明の電解液は、高電圧域においても分解を生じ難いものである。
さらに、本発明によれば、蓄電デバイスの電気化学的特性に悪影響を与える水分含有量等が低減された電解液などの電解質材料が得られる。したがって、本発明の電解質材料を電解液に用いることで耐電圧性の良好な電解液が得られる。また、この電解液は、電極等の蓄電デバイス部材を腐食劣化させ難いものと考えられ、その結果、蓄電デバイスの電気化学的特性の劣化も抑制できるものと考えられる。
また、本発明法によれば、1~3個のシアノ基と任意の置換基とを有するシアノボレート塩を得ることができる。
本発明に係るイオン性化合物は、一般式(1);Mn+([B(CN)4-mYm]-)nで表される化合物(以下、イオン性化合物(1)と称する)であって、Mn+で示される有機又は無機カチオンと、([B(CN)4-mYm]-)で表されるシアノボレートアニオンとからなるイオン性化合物である。なお、上記式(1)中、Yは、ハロゲン、ハロゲンを有していてもよい主鎖の炭素数が1~10の炭化水素基、-C(O)R14、-S(O)lR14、-Z(R14)2又は-XR14を表し、R14は、H、ハロゲン、又は主鎖の原子数が1~10の有機置換基を表し、ZはN又はP(好ましくはN)を表し、XはO又はS(好ましくはO)を表し、lは1~2の整数を表し、mは1~3の整数を表し、nは1~3の整数を表す。
本発明に係るシアノボレートアニオンは、ホウ素に、シアノ基:-CNと、-Yが結合した一般式:[B(CN)4-mYm]-で表される構造を有する。なお、上記一般式中、mは1~3の整数であるので、本発明に係るシアノボレートアニオンには、mが1であるトリシアノボレートアニオン:[B(CN)3Y]-;mが2であるジシアノボレートアニオン:[B(CN)2Y2]-;mが3であるモノシアノボレートアニオン:[B(CN)Y3]-;のシアノボレートアニオン類が含まれる。
本発明に係るイオン性化合物を構成する有機カチオンMn+としては、一般式(2):L+-RS(式中、Lは、C、Si、N、P、S又はOを表し、Rは、同一若しくは異なる有機基であり、互いに結合していてもよい。sはLに結合するRの数を表し、3又は4である。なお、sは、元素Lの価数およびLに直接結合する二重結合の数によって決まる値である)で表されるオニウムカチオンが好適である。
本発明に係るイオン性化合物(1)には、上記カチオンとアニオンの組み合わせからなるものは全て含まれる。具体的なイオン性化合物(1)としては、トリエチルメチルアンモニウムトリシアノメトキシボレート、トリエチルアンモニウムトリシアノメトキシボレート、トリブチルアンモニウムトリシアノメトキシボレート、トリエチルアンモニウムトリシアノイソプロポキシボレート、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムトリシアノメトキシボレート、トリエチルメチルアンモニウムトリシアノフェニルボレート、トリエチルメチルアンモニウムジシアノオキサリルボレート、トリエチルメチルアンモニウムトリシアノ(トリフルオロメチル)ボレート、トリエチルメチルアンモニウムトリシアノ(シアノエトキシ)ボレート、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムトリシアノフェニルボレート等の有機カチオンの塩;リチウムトリシアノメトキシボレート、ナトリウムトリシアノメトキシボレート、マグネシウムビス(トリシアノメトキシボレート)、リチウムトリシアノイソプロポキシボレート、リチウムトリシアノエトキシボレート、リチウムトリシアノブトキシボレート、リチウムトリシアノフェノキシボレート、リチウムトリシアノメチルチオボレート、リチウムトリシアノ(トリフルオロメチル)ボレート、リチウムトリシアノフェニルボレート、リチウムトリシアノメチルボレート、リチウムトリシアノ(トリフルオロメトキシ)ボレート、リチウムトリシアノ(ヘキサフルオロイソプロポキシ)ボレート、リチウムトリシアノ(ペンタフルオロフェノキシ)ボレート、リチウムトリシアノアセトキシボレート、リチウムトリシアノ(トリフルオロアセトキシ)ボレート、リチウムトリシアノ((メトキシカルボニル)オキソ)ボレート、リチウムトリシアノ(フルオロスルホナート)ボレート、リチウムトリシアノ(トリフルオロメタンスルホナート)ボレート、リチウムトリシアノ(メタンスルホナート)ボレート、リチウムトリシアノ(p-トルエンスルホナート)ボレート、リチウムトリシアノ(フルオロスルホニル)ボレート、リチウムトリシアノアセチルボレート、リチウムトリシアノ(トリフルオロアセチル)ボレート、リチウムトリシアノ(トリメチルシロキシ)ボレート、リチウムジシアノオキサリルボレート、リチウムシアノフルオロオキサリルボレート、リチウムジシアノジメトキシボレート、リチウムシアノトリメトキシボレート等の無機カチオンの塩;が挙げられる。
本発明には、上記イオン性化合物(1)の製造方法も含まれる。本発明の製造方法としては、出発原料から直接イオン性化合物(1)を製造する製造方法[1]、[2]と、あらかじめ合成した中間体を原料として目的とするイオン性化合物(1)を製造する製造方法[3]が含まれる。
まず、本発明のイオン性化合物(1)の製造方法[1]について説明する。本発明の製造方法[1]では、シアン化合物と、ホウ素化合物と、有機又は無機カチオンのハロゲン塩との反応によりイオン性化合物(1)を製造する。
上記一般式(1)で表されるイオン性化合物(1)のCN源として、シアン化合物を用いる。具体的なシアン化合物としては、トリメチルシリルシアニド、トリエチルシリルシアニド、トリイソプロピルシリルシアニド、エチルジメチルシリルシアニド、イソプロピルジメチルシリルクロリド、tert-ブチルジメチルシリルシアニド等のアルキルシリルシアニド;ジメチルフェニルシリルシアニド、フェニルジメチルシリルシアニド等のアルキルアリールシリルシアニド;銅シアニド、亜鉛シアニド、シアン化カリウム、シアン化ナトリウム、シアン化リチウム等の金属シアニド;が挙げられる。これらの中でも、アルキルシリルシアニドが好ましく、より好ましくはトリアルキルシリルシアニドである。さらに好ましくはトリメチルシリルシアニド(以下、TMSCNと略す場合がある。)である。
シアン化合物は、市販のものを用いてもよく、また、公知の方法で合成したものを用いてもよい。
上記一般式(1)で表されるイオン性化合物(1)は、上記シアン化合物と、有機又は無機カチオンのハロゲン塩と、ホウ素化合物とを含む出発原料を反応させることにより得られる。ホウ素化合物は、本発明に係るイオン性化合物のホウ素源となるものであり、具体的なホウ素化合物としては、ホウ酸、ホウ酸エステル又はホウ酸チオエステルが挙げられる。
上記シアン化合物とホウ素化合物との反応は、有機又は無機カチオンのハロゲン塩の存在下で行うのが好ましい。
また、本発明に係るイオン性化合物(1)の内、一般式(1)において、一般式;Mn+([B(CN)4-mY’ qX15 r]-)nで表される化合物(以下、イオン性化合物(7)と称する。一般式(7)中、Y’は、ハロゲンを有していてもよい主鎖の炭素数が1~10の炭化水素基、-C(O)R14、-S(O)lR14、-Z(R14)2又は-XR14であり、X15は同一又は異なって、F、Cl、Br、又はIであり、qは1から3の整数、rは0から2の整数であって、q+rはmであり、その他の記号は一般式(1)と同様。)は、特定のホウ素化合物とアルキルシリル化合物とを反応させることにより製造することもできる(製造方法[2])。なお、上記反応には、必要に応じて、有機又は無機カチオンのハロゲン塩を用いてもよい。
有機又は無機カチオンのハロゲン塩としては、製造方法[1]で述べたものが同様に適用できる。
上記製造方法[1]又は[2]により、目的とするイオン性化合物(1)を直接製造することもできるが、製造方法[1]、[2]等により、一旦イオン性化合物を合成した後、一般式(1)中の有機置換基R14を修飾あるいは置換して、当初とは異なる有機置換基とすることにより、目的とするイオン性化合物(1)を製造することもできる(製造方法[3])。
Mn+([B(CN)4-m(XR13)m]-)n (8)
(式(8)中、Mn+は1価、2価、または3価の有機又は無機カチオンを表し、XはO又はSを表し、R13は、H又は主鎖の炭素数が1~10の炭化水素基を表し、mは1~3の整数を表し、nは1~3の整数を表す。)
Mn+([B(CN)4-mYm]-)n (1)
本発明に係る中間体(8):Mn+([B(CN)4-m(XR13)m]-)nは、本発明に係るイオン性化合物(1)であると同時に、イオン性化合物(1)の原料として使用できる。
有機又は無機カチオン:Mn+としては、イオン性化合物(1)と同様のものが挙げられる。好ましい有機又は無機カチオンも同様である。
中間体(8)に係るアニオン:[B(CN)4-m(XR13)m]-において、XはO又はSを表す。好ましくはOである。R13は、H又は主鎖の炭素数が1~10の炭化水素基を表す。なお、炭化水素基は置換基を有していてもよく、この場合、置換基を構成する炭素の数は、前述の炭素数には含まれない。炭化水素基としては、炭素数1~10の直鎖、分枝鎖又は環状の飽和及び/又は不飽和炭化水素基が好ましく、より好ましい炭化水素基としては、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリール基、及び、アラルキル基等が挙げられる。具体的な炭化水素基R13としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、オクチル基等の直鎖又は分枝鎖状のアルキル基;シクロヘキシル基、シクロペンチル基等のシクロアルキル基;ビニル基などのアルケニル基;フェニル基、メチルフェニル基、メトキシフェニル基、ジメチルフェニル基、ナフチル基等のアリール基;ベンジル基等のアラルキル基;等が挙げられる。好ましくはメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、フェニル基である。
なお、本発明に係る中間体(8)の製造方法は特に限定されず、上記製造方法[1]、[2]、又は、特許文献5等の従来公知の方法に基づいて製造することができる。
本発明の製造方法[3-1]で使用する置換反応試剤としては、トリメチルシリルシアニド、トリエチルシリルシアニド、トリイソプロピルシリルシアニド、エチルジメチルシリルシアニド、イソプロピルジメチルシリルシアニド、tert-ブチルジメチルシリルシアニド等のアルキルシリルシアニド;ジメチルフェニルシリルシアニド、ジフェニルジメチルシリルシアニド等のアルキルアリールシリルシアニド;銅シアニド、亜鉛シアニド、シアン化カリウム、シアン化ナトリウム、シアン化リチウム等の金属シアニド;メチルマグネシウムブロミド、エチルマグネシウムブロミド、プロピルマグネシウムブロミド、イソプロピルマグネシウムブロミド、ブチルマグネシウムブロミド、フェニルマグネシウムブロミド、トリルマグネシウムブロミド、ビニルマグネシウムブロミド、ヘキシルジマグネシウムジブロミド(BrMg(CH2)6MgBr)等の有機マグネシウム試薬;メチルリチウム、エチルリチウム、プロピルリチウム、n-ブチルリチウム、s-ブチルリチウム、t-ブチルリチウム、フェニルリチウム、ペンタフルオロエチルリチウム、ペンタフルオロフェニルリチウム、リチウムジメチルアミド、ジフェニルホスフィノリチウム、リチウムアセチリド等の有機リチウム試薬;フェニルジンクヨージド、ジメチル亜鉛、ジエチル亜鉛、メチルジジンクジヨージド(IZnCH2ZnI)等の有機亜鉛試薬;ジメチル銅リチウム、ジフェニル銅リチウム等の有機銅試薬;トリメチルアルミニウム、ジメチルアルミニウムクロリド等の有機アルミニウム試薬;フッ化亜鉛、フッ化銅、塩化亜鉛、臭化亜鉛等の金属ハロゲン化物;トリメチル(トリフルオロメチル)シラン(Ruppert-Prakash試薬)等が挙げられる。上述のように、本発明の製造方法[3-1]で使用できる置換反応試剤には、反応点が1点の単官能性試薬のみならず、2点以上の反応点を有する多官能性試薬も含まれる。好ましくは、アルキルシリルシアニド、有機マグネシウム試薬、有機リチウム試薬、金属ハロゲン化物である。
本発明の製造方法[3-2]で使用する置換反応試剤としては、メタノール、エタノール、n-プロパノール、iso-プロパノール、n-ブタノール基、iso-ブタノール、sec-ブタノール、tert-ブタノール、ペンタノール、ヘキサノール、ヘプタノール、オクタノール、2-エチルヘキサノール、シクロヘキサノール、メチルシクロヘキサノール、シクロヘキサノール、アダマンチルアルコール等の、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状或いはその組合せを含む飽和脂肪族アルコール類;2-プロペニルアルコール、アリルアルコール、2-ブテノール、3-ブテノール、2-シクロヘキセノール、3-シクロヘキセノール、メチルシクロヘキセノール、エチルシクロヘキセノール、シクロヘキセニルメチルアルコール、ベンジルアルコール、フェニルエチルアルコール、メチルフェニルエチルアルコール、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、シクロヘキセンジオール等の、1価または2価以上の、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状或いはその組合せを含む不飽和脂肪族および/または芳香族アルコール類;フェノール、メチルフェノール、シクロヘキシルフェノール、ビニルフェノール、ナフトール、メチルナフトール、ハイドロキノン、メトキシフェノール等の1価または2価以上のフェノール類;フルオロメチルアルコール、ジフルオロメチルアルコール、トリフルオロメチルアルコール、クロロメチルアルコール、ブロモメチルアルコール、ヨードメチルアルコール、ジフルオロクロロメチルアルコール、フルオロジクロロメチルアルコール、フルオロエチルアルコール、ジフルオロエチルアルコール、トリフルオロエチルアルコール、テトラフルオロエチルアルコール、パーフルオロエチルアルコール、フルオロクロロエチルアルコール、クロロエチルアルコール、フルオロプロピルアルコール、パーフルオロプロピルアルコール、ヘキサフルオロイソプロピルアルコール、フルオロクロロプロピルアルコール、パーフルオロブチルアルコール、パーフルオロオクチルアルコール、ペンタフルオロシクロヘキシルアルコール、パーフルオロシクロヘキシルアルコール、ペンタフルオロフェノール、パークロロフェノール、フルオロエチレングリコール、ジフルオロエチレングリコール、トリフルオロエチレングリコール、テトラフルオロエチレングリコール、フルオロシクロヘキセノール、フルオロハイドロキノン、ビスフェノールF等の、1価または2価以上の、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状或いはその組合せを含むハロゲン化アルコール類および/またはハロゲン化フェノール類;シアノメチルアルコール、ジシアノメチルアルコール、トリシアノメチルアルコール、シアノエチルアルコール、ジシアノエチルアルコール、トリシアノエチルアルコール、テトラシアノエチルアルコール、シアノプロピルアルコール、シアノブチルアルコール、シアノオクチルアルコール、シアノシクロヘキシルアルコール、シアノフェノール、シアノエチレングリコール、ジシアノエチレングリコール、シアノシクロヘキセングリコール、シアノハイドロキノン等の、1価または2価以上の、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状或いはその組合せを含むシアノ化アルコール類及び又はシアノ化フェノール類;メトキシメチルアルコール、メトキシエチルアルコール、メトキシプロピルアルコール、メトキシブチルアルコール、メトキシシクロヘキシルアルコール、メトキシフェノール、メトキシナフトール、エトキシメチルアルコール、プロポキシメチルアルコール、ブトキシメチルアルコール、ペンチルオキシメチルアルコール、ヘキシルオキシメチルアルコール、シクロヘキシルオキシメチルアルコール、フェニルオキシメチルアルコール、ビニルオキシメチルアルコール、イソプロペニルオキシメチルアルコール、tert-ブチルオキシメチルアルコール、ナフチルオキシメチルアルコール、メトキシエトキシメチルアルコール、エトキシエトキシメチルアルコール、エトキシエチルアルコール、プロポキシエチルアルコール、ブトキシエチルアルコール、ペンチルオキシエチルアルコール、ヘキシルオキシエチルアルコール、シクロヘキシルオキシエチルアルコール、フェニルオキシエチルアルコール、ビニルオキシエチルアルコール、イソプロペニルオキシエチルアルコール、tert-ブチルオキシエチルアルコール、ナフチルオキシエチルアルコール、メトキシエトキシエチルアルコール、エトキシエトキシエチルアルコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール等の1価または2価以上の、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状或いはその組合せを含むアルコキシ化及び又はアリールオキシ化アルコール及び又はフェノール類;ホルムアルデヒド、パラホルムアルデヒド、トリオキサン(メタホルムアルデヒド)、アセトアルデヒド、プロピオンアルデヒド、ブチルアルデヒド、アクロレイン、ベンズアルデヒド、シンナムアルデヒド等の、1価または2価以上の、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状或いはその組合せを含むアルデヒド類;アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、アセトフェノン、ベンゾフェノン、シクロヘキサノン、アセチルアセトン等の、1価または2価以上の、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状或いはその組合せを含むケトン類;無水酢酸、無水プロピオン酸、無水ブタン酸、無水ペンタン酸、無水ヘキサン酸、無水ヘプタン酸、無水オクタン酸、イソプロパン酸無水物、イソブタン酸無水物、アクリル酸無水物、メタクリル酸無水物、シュウ酸無水物、マロン酸無水物、スクシン酸無水物(コハク酸無水物)、安息香酸無水物等の、1価または2価以上の、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状或いはその組合せを含むカルボン酸無水物類;酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、酢酸シクロヘキシル、酢酸フェニル、エチレングリコールジアセテート、ジエチレングリコールジアセテート、プロピオン酸メチル、ブタン酸メチル、ペンタン酸メチル、ヘキサン酸メチル、ヘプタン酸メチル、オクタン酸メチル、イソプロパン酸メチル、イソブタン酸メチル、アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸ブチル、メタクリル酸メチル、シュウ酸ジメチル、マロン酸ジメチル、スクシン酸ジメチル(コハク酸ジメチル)、安息香酸ジメチル、γ-ブチロラクトン、ε-カプロラクトン、炭酸ジメチル、炭酸メチルエチル、炭酸ジエチル、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ビニレンカーボネート、オルト酢酸トリメチル、オルト酢酸トリエチル、シアノ酢酸エチル、グリセリンカーボネート等の、1価または2価以上の、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状或いはその組合せを含む有機酸エステル類および/またはオルトエステル類;ホルムアミド、ジメチルホルムアミド、アセトアミド、メチルアセトアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、ジエチルアセトアミド、ジブチルアセトアミド、ジフェニルアセトアミド、アクリルアミド、ジメチルアクリルアミド、ジブチルアクリルアミド、メタクリルアミド、ジメチルアクリルアミド、シュウ酸ジアミド、マロン酸ジアミド、スクシン酸ジアミド(コハク酸ジアミド)、スクシンイミド、メチルスクシンイミド、安息香酸アミド、γ-ブチロラクタム、ε-カプロラクタム等の、1価または2価以上の、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状或いはその組合せを含むカルボン酸アミド類および/またはイミド類;トリメチルシリルシアニド、トリメチルシリルメトキシド等のアルキルシリルシアニド、トリメチルシリルクロライド、トリメチルシリルブロマイド等の有機シラン化合物類;アルミン酸トリメチル、アルミン酸トリエチル等の、有機アルミ化合物類;フルオロスルホン酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸、フルオロスルホン酸無水物、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸無水物等のスルホン酸及び/又はスルホン酸無水物類;等が挙げられる。好ましくは、アルキルシリルシアニド、脂肪族アルコール類、ハロゲン化アルコール類、フェノール類、カルボン酸無水物、スルホン酸及び/又はスルホン酸無水物類である。
製造方法[1]~[3]のいずれにおいても、上記反応後、生成したイオン性化合物(2)(粗イオン性化合物)中の不純物量を一層低減させ、純度を高めるため精製を行ってもよい。精製法は特に限定されないが、例えば、水、有機溶媒、およびこれらの混合溶媒での生成物の洗浄、生成物を酸化剤と接触させる酸化剤処理や、吸着精製法、再沈殿法、分液抽出法、再結晶法、晶析法及びクロマトグラフィー等による精製など従来公知の精製方法はいずれも採用できる。
これらの精製法は1種を単独で実施しても、2種以上を組み合わせてもよい。なお、上記不純物を低減させる観点からは、酸化剤処理、吸着精製法、分液抽出法、晶析法の1種以上を採用するのが好ましく、特に、これらを全て実施することが好ましい。
分液抽出法による処理で使用する溶媒は特に限定されないが、上述したイオン性化合物の製造に使用する溶媒と2層状態を形成し得る溶媒であるのが好ましい。例えば、上述したイオン性化合物の製造において有機溶媒を用いる場合には、洗浄、分液抽出において水を用いるのが好ましい。水を用いることにより、アルカリ金属イオン、アルカリ土類金属イオンおよびハロゲン化物イオン、さらにはケイ素を効率的に水層に抽出でき、イオン性化合物からこれらのイオン成分を除去することができる。なお、好ましい抽出溶媒の組み合わせとしては、水と層分離すること、および、イオン性化合物の回収率の観点から、水/ヘキサン、水/メチルエチルケトン、水/メチルイソブチルケトン、水/ジメチルエーテル、水/ジエチルエーテル、水/酢酸エチル、水/酢酸ブチル、および、水/ジクロロメタンの組み合わせが挙げられ、これらの中でも、水/酢酸エチル、水/酢酸ブチル、水/メチルイソブチルケトン、水/ジエチルエーテルの組み合わせが好ましく、より好ましいのは、水/酢酸エチル、水/酢酸ブチル、水/ジエチルエーテルの組み合わせである。
晶析法による処理で使用する溶媒は特に限定されないが、上述したイオン性化合物を溶解する溶媒(以下、良溶媒)を使用することが好ましく、また必要に応じてイオン性化合物の溶解性が低い溶媒(貧溶媒)を組合せて使用してもよい。良溶媒のみで晶析を行う場合は、一般に高温で可能な限り高濃度となるように粗イオン性化合物を溶解せしめ、しかる後に冷却し溶解度の差を利用して目的となるイオン性化合物のみを結晶化さてもよく、逆に不純物のみを結晶化させて、溶解しているもの(精製イオン性化合物)と分離してもよい(いわゆる再結晶法)。なお、この温度条件に制限はないが、好ましくは20℃~250℃の範囲内で実施することが好ましい。より好ましくは20℃~200℃の範囲内であり、更に好ましくは、20℃~160℃の範囲内である。
酸化剤処理とは、粗イオン性化合物を酸化剤と接触させるものであって、当該酸化剤処理を採用することで、シアン化物イオン等の不純なイオン成分含有量が低く純度の高いイオン性化合物を得ることができる。
吸着精製法に使用する吸着剤としては、活性炭、シリカゲル、アルミナ、ゼオライトなどが挙げられる。これらの中でも活性炭を吸着剤とする吸着処理(活性炭処理)は、イオン性化合物への不純物の混入が少ないため好ましい。
上記製造方法により得られたイオン性化合物は、さらに、カチオン交換反応を行ってもよい。一般式(2)で表されるイオン性化合物の特性はカチオン種に依存するので、カチオン交換反応を行うことで、特性の異なるシアノボレート塩を容易に得ることができる。
本発明には、(i)イオン性化合物(1)と媒体とを含む電解質材料(以下、電解質材料(i)という場合がある)、(ii)イオン性化合物(1)と媒体とを含み、イオン性化合物の濃度が1質量%以上であり、且つ、水の含有量が50ppm以下である電解質材料(以下、電解質材料(ii)という場合がある)、又は、(iii)イオン性化合物(1)を含み、且つ、水の含有量が2000ppm以下である電解質材料(以下、電解質材料(iii)という場合がある)も含まれる。
本発明の電解質材料(i)とは、上記一般式(1)で表されるイオン性化合物と溶媒(媒体)を含有するところに特徴を有する。以下、本発明の電解質材料(i)を、単に、電解液という場合がある。
本発明の電解液には、上記イオン性化合物(1)が含まれる。イオン性化合物(1)の濃度は、電解液中、0.1質量%以上が好ましく、また、飽和濃度以下が好ましい。0.1質量%未満であると、イオン伝導度が低くなるため好ましくない。より好ましくは1質量%以上、さらに好ましくは5質量%以上、また、50質量%以下であるのがより好ましく、さらに好ましくは40質量%以下である。電解質濃度が低すぎると、所望の電気伝導度が得られ難い場合があり、一方、濃度が高すぎる場合には、特に、低温域(約-20℃)において顕著となるが、電解液の粘度が上昇し、電荷の移動効率を低下させたり、電解液中でイオン性化合物(1)が分離、析出し、デバイスに悪影響を及ぼすことがある。また、イオン性化合物(1)の多量使用によるコスト上昇の問題も生じる。
本発明の電解液に好適に使用し得る媒体(溶媒)としては、上記イオン性化合物(1)を溶解させられる非プロトン性の溶媒が挙げられる。
通常、有機溶媒は高電圧下では分解してしまうため、電解液の劣化が生じる。しかしながら、本発明者らは、一般式(1)で表されるシアノボレート塩を含む本発明の電解液を用いることで、通常知られている溶媒の耐電圧を上回る高電圧下でも分解電流が流れず、電解液の劣化が生じ難くなることを知見した。この効果は、特に、イオン性化合物(1)に含まれる所定の不純物の量が低減されているときに特に顕著となる。すなわち、本発明の電解液は、従来の電解液に比べて耐電圧性が高いため、この電解液を用いた蓄電デバイスでは充放電サイクル特性が向上すると考えられる。また、この耐電圧特性やサイクル特性の向上効果は、電解液が、上記一般式(1)で表されるイオン性化合物(1)に加えて、これ以外の他の電解質を添加した場合にも、同様に得られるものである。
本発明の電解液には、上記イオン性化合物(1)以外の他の電解質が含まれていてもよい。他の電解質としては、電解液中での解離定数が大きいものが好ましい。他の電解質に含まれるカチオン種としては、例えば、Li+、Na+、K+等のアルカリ金属イオン、Ca2+、Mg2+等のアルカリ土類金属イオン、及び、上述のオニウムカチオンが挙げられ、特に、鎖状第4級アンモニウム又はリチウムイオンが好ましいが好ましい。一方、アニオン種としては、PF6 -、BF4 -、Cl-、Br-、ClO4 -、AlCl4 -、C[(CN)3]-、N[(CN)2]-、N[(SO2CF3)2]-、N[(SO2F)2]-、CF3(SO3)-、C[(CF3SO2)3]-、AsF6 -、SbF6 -およびジシアノトリアゾレートイオン(DCTA)等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、PF6 -、BF4 -がより好ましく、BF4 -が特に好ましい。
具体的には、カチオン成分としてトリエチルメチルアンモニウム、アニオン成分としてBF4 -を含むトリエチルメチルアンモニウムテトラフルオロボレート、カチオン成分としてテトラエチルアンモニウム、アニオン成分としてBF4 -を含むトラエチルアンモニウムフルオロボレートなどが好ましい他の電解質として挙げられる。
次に電解質材料(ii)、(iii)について説明する。電解質材料(ii)、(iii)はいずれもイオン性化合物(1)を含む。ここで、電解質材料(ii)、(iii)に含まれるイオン性化合物(1)はカチオンMn+が無機カチオンであるものが好ましい。電解質材料(ii)、(iii)に含まれるイオン性化合物(1)としては、リチウムトリシアノメトキシボレート、リチウムトリシアノエトキシボレート、ナトリウムトリシアノメトキシボレート、マグネシウムビス(トリシアノメトキシボレート)、リチウムトリシアノイソプロポキシボレート、リチウムトリシアノブトキシボレート、リチウムトリシアノフェノキシボレート、リチウムトリシアノ(ペンタフルオロフェノキシ)ボレート、リチウムトリシアノ(トリメチルシロキシ)ボレート、リチウムトリシアノ(ヘキサフルオロイソプロポキシ)ボレート、リチウムトリシアノメチルチオボレート、リチウムジシアノジメトキシボレート、リチウムシアノトリメトキシボレート等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、リチウムトリシアノメトキシボレート、リチウムトリシアノエトキシボレート、リチウムトリシアノフェノキシボレート、リチウムトリシアノブトキシボレートが好ましい。
本発明の電解質材料(ii)とは、上記一般式(1)で表されるイオン性化合物(1)と媒体とを含み、電解質材料(i)中のイオン性化合物の濃度が1質量%以上であり、且つ、水の含有量が50ppm以下であるところに特徴を有する。
本発明には、上記一般式(1)で表されるイオン性化合物を含み、水の含有量が約2000ppm程度以下である電解質材料(iii)も含まれる。
電解質材料(ii)、(iii)の製造方法とは、上記電解質材料(ii)、(iii)の製造方法であって、上記一般式(1)で表されるイオン性化合物をラクトン系溶媒及び/又はカーボネート系溶媒から選ばれる溶媒と混合した後、
(i)蒸留を行う工程、及び/又は
(ii)モレキュラーシーブと接触させる工程、
を含むところに特徴を有する。
なお、イオン性化合物(1)の製造方法は特に限定されず、例えば、上述の製造方法[1]~[3]等により製造すればよい。
なお、上記ラクトン系溶媒とカーボネート系溶媒は必要に応じて併用しても構わない。
蒸留工程(i)では、上記一般式(1)で表されるイオン性化合物とラクトン系溶媒及び/又はカーボネート系溶媒とを混合した後、当該混合溶液を蒸留装置へと供して蒸留を行う。当該蒸留工程では、上記混合溶液に含まれる上記その他の溶媒(合成又は精製工程で用いた溶媒等)や水分を、上記ラクトン系溶媒、カーボネート系溶媒と共に留去させる工程である。本発明で使用可能な蒸留操作としては特に限定されず、単蒸留形式でもよく、薄膜蒸留器を用いる形式、蒸留塔を設けた分別蒸留形式、蒸留塔からの留出液を一定の還流比で塔内に戻しながら抜出す蒸留形式、蒸留塔を全還流で保持して還流槽に水分を濃縮し、還流槽の成分が安定したところで、短時間で一括抜き出しを行う蒸留形式等が挙げられる。全還流と一括抜き出しを繰り返すことで、水分を更に除去することができる。全還流で保持する時間は蒸留設備によって異なるが、還流槽の液量に対して2倍の液が塔頂より留出する時間より長くすることが好ましい。蒸留工程で使用する装置は、いずれも公知の加熱手段を備えたものであるのが好ましい。
モレキュラーシーブとの接触工程(ii)では、上記一般式(1)で表されるイオン性化合物とラクトン系溶媒とを混合した後、この混合溶液をモレキュラーシーブと接触させる。
本発明の電解質材料(i)~(iii)は、各種蓄電デバイスの電解液又は電解液材料として好適に用いられる。本発明の電解液を備えた蓄電デバイスとしては、一次電池、リチウム(イオン)二次電池、燃料電池などの充電及び放電機構を有する電池の他、電解コンデンサ、電気二重層キャパシタ、リチウムイオンキャパシタ、太陽電池等が挙げられるが、これらの内、(1)リチウムイオン二次電池、(2)電解コンデンサ、(3)電気二重層キャパシタ、及び、(4)リチウムイオンキャパシタについてより詳しく説明する。
リチウムイオン二次電池は、正極、負極、正極と負極との間に介在するセパレータ及び電解液を基本構成要素として構成されるものである。本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池とは、上記基本構成における電解液として、本発明の電解液を備えているところに特徴を有する。上記構成を有するリチウムイオン二次電池は、高電圧下で充放電を繰返しても安定に作動し得る。
電解コンデンサは、陽極箔、陰極箔、陽極箔と陰極箔との間に挟まれたセパレータである電解紙、リード線及び本発明の電解液を基本構成要素として構成されているものである。このような電解コンデンサとしては、アルミ電解コンデンサが好適である。このようなアルミ電解コンデンサとしては、電解エッチングで細かな凹凸を作って粗面化したアルミ箔の表面に電解陽極酸化によって形成した薄い酸化被膜(酸化アルミニウム)を誘電体とするものが好適である。
電気二重層キャパシタは、分極性電極(負極、正極)及び電解液を基本構成要素として構成されているものである。本発明の電気二重層キャパシタは、上記基本構成における電解液として、イオン性化合物(1)と溶媒とを含む本発明の電解液を有するところに特徴を有する。なお、イオン性化合物(1)は、カチオンMn+がオニウムカチオンであるのが望ましい。また、本発明の電気二重層キャパシタでは、電解質として上述のポリマー電解質またはポリマーゲル電解質を用いてもよい。上記構成を有する電気二重層キャパシタは、従来に比べて満充電時の正極電位が高く、且つ、高電圧下で充放電を繰返しても安定に作動し得る。
リチウムイオンキャパシタとは、一般的な電気二重層キャパシタの原理を使いながら負極材料としてリチウムイオン吸蔵可能な炭素系材料を使い、そこにリチウムイオンを添加することでエネルギー密度を向上させたキャパシタであり、正極と負極とで充放電の原理が異なり、リチウムイオン二次電池の負極と電気二重層キャパシタの正極を組み合わせた構造を有している。
実験例1
Varian社製「Unity Plus」(400MHz)を用いて、1H-NMRおよび13C-NMRスペクトルを測定し、プロトンおよびカーボンのピーク強度に基づいて試料の構造を分析した。11B-NMRスペクトルの測定には、Bruker社製「Advance 400M」(400MHz)を使用した。
温度計、攪拌装置を備えた容量100mLの3つ口フラスコに、トリエチルアンモニウムブロマイド3.66g(20.10mmol)を加え、フラスコ内を窒素ガスで置換した。ここに、42.49gの1,2-ジクロロエタンを加えた後、さらに、2.07g(19.92mmol)のホウ酸トリメチルを室温で加えた。次いで、混合溶液を攪拌しながら、トリメチルシリルシアニド8.07g(81.34mmol、ホウ素化合物に対して4.1当量)を室温で滴下して添加した後、オイルバスにより反応溶液を60℃に加熱し、攪拌し反応させた。この温度で20時間攪拌を続けた。
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ1.22 (t, J=7.2Hz,9H), 3.11-3.18 (m,9H)
13C-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ8.80, 49.9, 52.7, 127.7 (q, J=69.5Hz)
11B-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ-18.6 (s)
攪拌装置を備えた容量200mLの3つ口フラスコにトリエチルメチルアンモニウムクロリド9.84g(64.90mmol)を加え、フラスコ内を窒素ガスで置換した。ここに、6.74g(64.90mmol)のホウ酸トリメチルを室温で加えた。次いで、混合溶液を攪拌しながら、トリメチルシリルシアニド35.42g(356.97mmol)を室温で添加した。次いで、オイルバスにより反応溶液を140℃に加熱し、5時間加熱攪拌を行った。得られた溶液を室温まで冷却し、分液ロートに移した後、ここに酢酸ブチル135g、超純水22.5gを加えた。分液抽出により下層(水相)を抜き出し、これを濃縮、乾燥し、淡黄色液体(トリエチルメチルアンモニウムトリシアノメトキシボレート)を得た(収量:9.30g(40.24mmol)、収率:62%)。
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ1.20(tt, J=7.2 Hz,1.8 Hz, 9H), 2.88(s, 3H), 3.13(q, J=4.0 Hz, 3H), 3.25(q, J=7.2 Hz, 6H)
13C-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ8.14, 46.7, 53.2, 55.7, 128.2(q, J=69.7Hz)
11B-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ-18.6(s)
攪拌装置を備えた容量50mLの2つ口フラスコ内を窒素ガスで置換した後、ここにトリエチルアンモニウムブロマイド1.92g(10.54mmol)、21.15gのクロロベンゼンを加え、攪拌した。この溶液に、室温で、製造例1-1と同様の方法で得られた2.34g(10.54mmol)のトリエチルアンモニウムトリシアノメトキシボレート(Et3NHB(CN)3OMe)を加えた。次いで、混合溶液を攪拌しながら、室温で、トリメチルシリルシアニド1.05g(10.54mmol、ホウ素化合物に対して1.0当量)を滴下して添加した。滴下終了後、室温で13時間攪拌を続けた後、オイルバスにより反応溶液を120℃に加熱し、この温度で54時間加熱、攪拌を続けた。その後、得られた黒色溶液をシリンジで抜き取り11B-NMR測定を行い(d6-DMSO)、トリエチルアンモニウムテトラシアノボレートが生成していることを確認した(NMR収率:22%)。
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ 8.83(s,1H),3.10(q,J=7.2Hz,6H),1.17(t,J=7.2Hz,9H)
13C-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ 121.9(m),46.0(s),8.8(s)
11B-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ -39.6(s)
攪拌子を入れた容量200mLの4つ口フラスコ内を窒素ガスで置換した後、ここに、8.5g(43.34mmol)のトリエチルメチルアンモニウムブロマイド、製造例1-2と同様の方法で得られた9.60g(43.21mmol)のトリエチルメチルアンモニウムトリシアノメトキシボレート(Et3MeNB(CN)3OMe)、および、82gのキシレンを加えた。混合溶液を攪拌しながら、室温で、トリメチルシリルシアニド34.33g(346.1mmol、ホウ素化合物に対して8.0当量)を滴下して添加した。滴下終了後、オイルバスにより反応溶液を80℃に加熱し、56時間攪拌した後に反応を停止した。
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ 0.06(s, 9H), 1.19(tt, J=7.2 Hz, 2.0Hz, 9H), 2.87(s, 3H), 3.25(q, J=7.2 Hz, 6H)
13C-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ 2.17, 8.28, 46.9, 55.9, 129.6(q, J=68.8Hz)
11B-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ -21(s)
[NMR測定]
NMR測定は、実験例1と同様の方法で行った。
下記実験例で得られたイオン性化合物中に含まれる不純物量を測定した。各種不純物の測定方法は次の通りである。
平沼産業(株)製カールフィッシャー水分測定装置「AQ-2000」を用いて、試料中の水分量を測定した。なお、試料は、各実験例における乾燥工程終了後、スクリュー管に入れた状態でドライルーム(温度:20℃、露点:-70~-50℃)に1日間保存したものを用いた。注入量は0.5mlとし、発生液には「ハイドラナール アクアライトRS-A」(平沼産業株式会社販売)を使用し、対極液には「アクアライトCN」(関東化学株式会社製)を使用した。試料は、外気に触れないよう注射器を用いて試料注入口より注入した。
下記実験例で得られたイオン性化合物10mgを超純水(18.2Ω・cm超)で100倍、1000倍または10000倍に希釈して測定溶液とし、遊離シアン測定用シンプルパック(柴田科学株式会社販売、4-ピリジンカルボン酸法)を用いて、化合物中に含まれるシアン量を測定した。
下記実験例で得られたイオン性化合物0.1gを超純水(18.2Ω・cm超)で100倍または200倍に希釈して測定溶液とし、ICP発光分析装置 ICPE-9000(島津製作所製)を用いて、試料に含まれるNa、Li、K、Si、Fe量を測定した。なお、定量限界(下限値)は10ppmである。
攪拌子を入れた100mLのナスフラスコに、製造例1-1で得られたトリエチルアンモニウムトリシアノメトキシボレート1.65g(7.43mmol)と、16.01gの純水を加え、ここに、0.85g(20.26mmol)の水酸化リチウム一水和物を室温で加え、攪拌し反応させた。この温度で4時間攪拌を続けた。
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ3.16(q, J=3.6Hz,3H)
13C-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ52.7, 127.7(q, J=69.9 Hz)
11B-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ-18.6(s)
攪拌装置を備えた容量200mLの3つ口フラスコにトリエチルメチルアンモニウムクロリド9.84g(64.90mmol)を加え、フラスコ内を窒素ガスで置換した。ここに、6.74g(64.90mmol)のホウ酸トリメチルを室温で加えた。次いで、混合溶液を攪拌しながら、トリメチルシリルシアニド35.42g(356.97mmol)を室温で添加した。次いで、オイルバスにより反応溶液を140℃に加熱し、5時間加熱攪拌を行った。得られた溶液を室温まで冷却し、分液ロートに移した後、ここに酢酸ブチル135g、超純水22.5gを加えた。分液抽出により下層(水相)を抜き出し、これを濃縮した後、50℃に設定した真空乾燥機内で3日間静置し、さらに25℃に設定した真空乾燥機内で2日間静置することにより乾燥し、淡黄色液体(トリエチルメチルアンモニウムトリシアノメトキシボレート)を得た(収量:9.30g(40.24mmol)、収率:62%)。
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ1.20(tt, J=7.2 Hz,1.8 Hz, 9H), 2.88(s, 3H), 3.13(q, J=4.0 Hz, 3H), 3.25(q, J=7.2 Hz, 6H)
13C-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ8.14, 46.7, 53.2, 55.7, 128.2(q, J=69.7Hz)
11B-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ-18.6(s)
攪拌装置を備えた容量50mLの2つ口フラスコにシアン化カリウム1.30g(19.96mmol)を加え、フラスコ内を窒素ガスで置換した。ここに、2.07g(19.93mmol)のホウ酸トリメチルを室温で加えた。この混合溶液を攪拌しながら、トリメチルシリルシアニド7.16g(72.16mmol)を室温で添加した。次いで、オイルバスにより反応溶液を70℃に加熱し、18時間加熱攪拌を行った。得られた溶液を室温に冷やし、これを濃縮、乾燥し、黒色固体(カリウムトリシアノメトキシボレート)を得た(合計収量:2.44g(15.36mmol)、収率:77%)。
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ3.16(q, J=3.6 Hz,3H)
13C-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ52.7, 127.7(q, J=69.9 Hz)
11B-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ-18.6(s)
50mLナスフラスコに実験例2-1-3で得られた黒色固体(カリウムトリシアノメトキシボレート)を1.04g(6.57mmol)入れた。フラスコ内を真空ポンプで減圧しながら、オイルバスを用いてフラスコを80℃に加熱し、48時間乾燥させた。
上記測定方法に従って、実験例2-1-1~2-1-4で得られたイオン性化合物に含まれる不純物量を測定した。結果を表1に示す。なお、生成物であるイオン性化合物を構成するカチオンは、不純物イオンとはみなさない。すなわち、実験例2-1-1(Mはリチウムイオン)では、Li以外のアルカリ金属及び/又はアルカリ土類金属が不純物イオンとなり、実験例2-1-2(Mはオニウムカチオン)では、アルカリ金属及び/又はアルカリ金属が不純物イオンとなリ、実験例2-1-3、2-1-4(Mはカリウムイオン)では、K以外のアルカリ金属及び/又はアルカリ土類金属が不純物イオンとなる。
実験例2-3-1 トリエチルメチルアンモニウムトリシアノメトキシボレートのLSV測定
リニアスィープボルタンメトリー(LSV)測定により、実験例2-1-2で合成したトリエチルメチルアンモニウムトリシアノメトキシボレートの耐電圧範囲を測定した。測定用溶液としては、実験例2-1-2で得られた塩を脱水プロピレンカーボネート(キシダ化学製)に溶解させ、濃度25質量%に調整したものを用いた。以下に測定条件、図1に結果を示す。
耐電圧範囲の測定は、20℃に設定されたドライルーム中で、3極セルを用いたスタンダードボルタンメトリックツールHZ-3000(商品名、北斗電工社製)を使用して行った。なお、測定条件は下記の通りである。
作用極:グラッシーカーボン電極、参照極:Ag電極、対極:白金電極
溶液濃度:25質量%
溶媒:プロピレンカーボネート
掃引速度:100mV/s
掃引範囲:自然電位~±10V
基準電流値:0.1mA
リニアスィープボルタンメトリー(LSV)測定により、実験例2-1-1で合成したリチウムトリシアノメトキシボレートの耐電圧範囲を測定した。測定用溶液としては、実験例2-1-1で得られた塩を脱水γ―ブチロラクトン(キシダ化学製)に溶解させ、濃度7質量%に調整したものを用いた。以下に測定条件、図2に結果を示す。
上記実験例2-1-1で合成したリチウムトリシアノメトキシボレート、市販のγ―ブチロラクトン(LIBグレード、キシダ化学株式会社製)を用いてCR2032型のコインセルを作製し、充放電試験を行った。
充放電速度:0.2C
充放電モード:定電流モード
充放電範囲:3.0V-4.2V(Li基準)
[NMR測定]
Varian社製「Unity Plus」(400MHz)を用いて、1H-NMRおよび13C-NMRスペクトルを測定し、プロトン、カーボンのピーク強度に基づいて試料の構造を分析した。7Li-NMRおよび11B-NMRスペクトルの測定には、Bruker社製「Advance 400M」(400MHz)を使用した。
平沼産業(株)製カールフィッシャー水分測定装置「AQ-2100」を用いて、下記実験例で得られたイオン性化合物(電解質材料(iii))、又は、イオン性化合物を含む電解液(電解質材料(ii))、並びに、有機溶媒に含まれる水分量を測定した。なお、イオン性化合物、又は、イオン伝導性材料の取扱い、水分含有量の測定等の一連の操作については、ドライルーム(温度:25℃、露点:-70℃~-50℃)で行った。試料注入量は試料の水分含有量に応じて0.1ml~3mlとし、発生液には「ハイドラナール(登録商標) クローマットAK」(Sigma Aldrich社製)を使用し、対極液には「ハイドラナール(登録商標) クローマットCG-K」(Sigma Aldrich社製)を使用した。試料は、外気に触れないよう注射器を用いて試料注入口より注入した。
[不純物含有量の測定]
実験例で得られたイオン性化合物中に含まれる不純物量を測定した。各種不純物含有量(CN-含有量、金属および半金属成分含有量)の測定方法は、実験例2と同様に行った。
実験例3-1-1 リチウムトリシアノメトキシボレート(LiB(CN)3OMe)の合成
温度計、攪拌装置、滴下ロートを備えた容量1Lの3つ口フラスコに、トリエチルアンモニウムブロマイド109g(600mmol)を加え、フラスコ内を窒素ガスで置換した。ここに、300mLの1,2-ジクロロエタンを加えた後、さらに62.3g(600mmol)のホウ酸トリメチルを室温(25℃)で加えた。次いで、得られた混合溶液を攪拌しながら、トリメチルシリルシアニド238g(2400mmol、ホウ素化合物に対して4.0当量)を室温で滴下して添加した後、オイルバスにより混合溶液を60℃に加熱し、同温度で15時間攪拌を続け、反応させた。
得られた黄色の反応溶液から溶媒を減圧留去して濃縮し、濃縮液を室温まで冷却した後、分液ロート内で濃縮液と酢酸エチル1567gを混合し、振とう攪拌して、有機層に生成物を抽出した。有機層を水層から分離した後、酢酸エチルを留去させ、薄黄色固体のリチウムトリシアノメトキシボレート(クルード)を得た(収量:45.3g、収率:59.5%)。
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ3.16(q, J=3.6Hz,3H)
13C-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ8.80, 49.9, 52.7, 127.7(q, J=69.5Hz)
11B-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ-18.6(s)
実験例3-1-1において、ホウ酸トリメチルの代わりにホウ酸トリエチル72.7g(498mmol)を用いたこと以外は、実験例3-1-1と同様の条件で反応、精製を行い、白色結晶のリチウムトリシアノエトキシボレート(再結晶品)を得た(収量:30.3g、215mmol、合計収率:43%、水分含有量:593ppm)。生成物中に含まれる各種不純物の含有量を表3に示す。
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ1.12(t, J=7.2Hz,3H), 3.37-3.38(m,2H)
13C-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ17.4, 60.5, 128.0(q, J=69.7Hz)
11B-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ-19.2(s)
実験例3-2-1
実験例3-1-1で得られたリチウムトリシアノメトキシボレート(LiB(CN)3OMe、再結晶品)1.01g(水分含有量:531ppm)を、水分含有量12.8ppmのγ-ブチロラクトン9.61gに溶解させ、均一な試料溶液を得た。このときの試料溶液の水分含有量は62.1ppmであった。
実験例3-1-2で得られたリチウムトリシアノエトキシボレート(LiB(CN)3OEt、再結晶品)1.12g(水分含有量:593ppm)を、γ-ブチロラクトン9.20gに溶解させ、均一な試料溶液を得た。このときの試料溶液の水分含有量は75.8ppmであった。
実験例4-1 イオン性化合物の合成
実験例4-1-1 トリエチルメチルアンモニウムトリシアノフェニルボレート(Et3MeNB(CN)3Ph)の合成
攪拌装置を備えた容量30mLの2つ口フラスコに、トリエチルメチルアンモニウムブロマイド0.98g(5.0mmol)を加え、フラスコ内を窒素ガスで置換した。ここに、5mLのクロロベンゼンを加えた後、さらに、0.65mL(4.9mmol)のジクロロフェニルボランを室温(25℃)で加えた。次いで、混合溶液を攪拌しながら、トリメチルシリルシアニド2.6mL(21.1mmol、ホウ素化合物に対して4.2当量)を室温で滴下して添加した後、オイルバスにより反応溶液を80℃に加熱し、攪拌し反応させた。この温度で9時間攪拌を続けた。
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ1.22(t, J=7.2 Hz, 9H), 2.90(s, 3H), 3.27(q, J=7.2 Hz, 6H), 7.25-7.28(m, 1H), 7.29-7.36(m, 2H), 7.43-7.45(m, 2H)
13C-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ7.37, 45.9, 54.9, 126.8, 127.9, 128.5-129.5(m), 132.3, 138.1-139.3(m)
11B-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ-29.0(s)
攪拌装置を備えた容量100mLの3つ口フラスコに、リチウムジフルオロオキサリルボレート2.19g(15.2mmol、なお、リチウムジフルオロオキサリルボレートは、Chemistry-A European Journal 2009, 15, 10, p2270-p2272.に記載の方法を参照して製造した)を加え、フラスコ内を窒素ガスで置換した。ここに、20mLのイソブチロニトリルを加え、得られた混合溶液を攪拌しながら、トリメチルシリルシアニド4.7mL(37.9mmol、ホウ素化合物に対して2.5当量)を室温で滴下して添加した後、オイルバスにより反応溶液を80℃に加熱し、この温度で2.5時間攪拌を続け、反応させた。
19F-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ-140.79 (q, J=30.8 Hz)
11B-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ-0.37(d, J=30.8 Hz)
攪拌装置を備えた容量100mLの3つ口フラスコに、リチウムジフルオロオキサリルボレート0.72g(5.0mmol)を加え、フラスコ内を窒素ガスで置換した。ここに、5mLのベンゾニトリルを加えた。得られた混合溶液を攪拌しながら、トリメチルシリルシアニド1.6mL(12.9mmol、ホウ素化合物に対して2.6当量)を室温(25℃)で滴下して添加した。その後、オイルバスにより反応溶液を80℃に加熱し、銅温度で47時間攪拌を続け、反応させた。
11B-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ-6.9(s)
実験例4-2-1 トリエチルメチルアンモニウムトリシアノフェニルボレートのLSV測定
リニアスィープボルタンメトリー(LSV)測定により、実験例4-1-1で合成したトリエチルメチルアンモニウムトリシアノフェニルボレートの耐電圧範囲を測定した。測定用溶液としては、実験例4-1-1で得られた塩を脱水プロピレンカーボネート(キシダ化学製)に溶解させ、濃度19質量%(1.0M)に調整したものを用いた。以下に測定条件、図4に結果を示す。
耐電圧範囲の測定は、測定用溶液の濃度を10質量%に変更したこと以外は、実験例2-3-1と同様に行った。
Claims (13)
- 一般式(1)で表されるイオン性化合物と溶媒を含有することを特徴とする電解液。
Mn+([B(CN)4-mYm]-)n (1)
(式(1)中、Mn+は1価、2価、または3価の有機又は無機カチオンを表し、Yは、ハロゲン、ハロゲンを有していてもよい主鎖の炭素数が1~10の炭化水素基、-C(O)R14、-S(O)lR14、-Z(R14)2又は-XR14を表し、R14は、H、ハロゲン、又は主鎖の原子数が1~10の有機置換基を表し、ZはN又はPを表し、XはO又はSを表し、lは1~2の整数を表し、mは1~3の整数を表し、nは1~3の整数を表す。) - 上記Yが、ハロゲンを有していてもよい主鎖の炭素数が1~10の炭化水素基、-C(O)R14、-S(O)lR14、-Z(R14)2又は-XR14である請求項1に記載の電解液。
- 上記Yが、ハロゲンを有していてもよい主鎖の炭素数が1~10の炭化水素基又は-OR14である請求項1又は2に記載の電解液。
- 上記Mn+が金属イオンである請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の電解液。
- 上記Mn+が有機カチオンである請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の電解液。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の電解液を用いることを特徴とするデバイス。
- 一般式(1)で表されるイオン性化合物を製造する方法であって、一般式(8)で表される化合物と、置換反応試剤とを反応させることを特徴とするイオン性化合物の製造方法。
Mn+([B(CN)4-mYm]-)n (1)
(式(1)中、Mn+は1価、2価、または3価の有機又は無機カチオンを表し、Yは、ハロゲン、ハロゲンを有していてもよい主鎖の炭素数が1~10の炭化水素基、-C(O)R14、-S(O)lR14、Z-(R14)2又は-XR14を表し、R14は、H、ハロゲン、又は主鎖の原子数が1~10の有機置換基を表し、ZはN又はPを表し、XはO又はSを表し、lは1~2の整数を表し、mは1~3の整数を表し、nは1~3の整数を表す。)
Mn+([B(CN)4-m(XR13)m]-)n (8)
(式(8)中、Mn+は1価、2価、または3価の有機又は無機カチオンを表し、XはO又はSを表し、R13は、H又は主鎖の炭素数が1~10の炭化水素基を表し、mは1~3の整数を表し、nは1~3の整数を表す。) - 上記置換反応試剤が、アルキルシリルシアニド、有機マグネシウム試薬、有機リチウム試薬、脂肪族アルコール類、ハロゲン化アルコール類、フェノール類、カルボン酸無水物類、スルホン酸又はスルホン酸無水物類である請求項7に記載の製造方法。
- 上記Yが-OR14であり、R14で表される有機置換基が、ハロゲンを有していてもよい主鎖の炭素数が1~10のアルキル基、ハロゲンを有していてもよい炭素数6~10のアリール基、ハロゲンを有していてもよい主鎖の炭素数が1~10のアルカノイル基、ハロスルフィニル基、ハロゲンを有していてもよい炭素数1~10のアルキルスルフィニル基、ハロゲンを有していてもよい炭素数6~10のアリールスルフィニル基、ハロスルホニル基、ハロゲンを有していてもよい炭素数1~10のアルキルスルホニル基、ハロゲンを有していてもよい炭素数6~10のアリールスルホニル基、又は、炭素数が1~10のアルキルシリル基である請求項7又は8に記載の製造方法。
- 一般式(6)で表されるイオン性化合物であって、不純物である水分の含有量が3000ppm以下であることを特徴とするイオン性化合物。
Mn+([B(CN)4-m(XR14)m]-)n (6)
(式(6)中、Mn+は1価、2価、又は3価の有機又は無機カチオンを表し、XはO又はSを表し、R14はH、ハロゲン、又は主鎖の原子数が1~10の有機置換基を表し、mは1~3の整数を表し、nは1~3の整数を表す。) - 不純物であるCN-含有量が10000ppm以下である請求項10に記載のイオン性化合物。
- シアン化合物と、ホウ素化合物と、有機又は無機カチオンのハロゲン塩とを反応させることを特徴とする一般式(6)で表されるイオン性化合物の製造方法。
Mn+([B(CN)4-m(XR14)m]-)n (6)
(式(6)中、Mn+は1価、2価、又は3価の有機又は無機カチオンを表し、Xは、O又はSを表し、R14は、H、ハロゲン、又は主鎖の原子数が1~10の有機置換基を表し、mは1~3の整数を表し、nは1~3の整数を表す。) - シアン化合物が、トリアルキルシリルシアニドである請求項12に記載の製造方法。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12736377.8A EP2667445A4 (en) | 2011-01-21 | 2012-01-20 | IONIC COMPOUND AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEREOF, AND ELECTROLYTIC SOLUTION AND ELECTRICAL MEMORY DEVICE WITH THE IONIC COMPOUND |
JP2012553793A JPWO2012099259A1 (ja) | 2011-01-21 | 2012-01-20 | イオン性化合物、その製造方法、並びに、これを用いた電解液、及び、蓄電デバイス |
CN201280005961.0A CN103370827B (zh) | 2011-01-21 | 2012-01-20 | 离子性化合物及其制备方法以及使用了该离子性化合物的电解液和蓄电装置 |
US13/980,671 US9466431B2 (en) | 2011-01-21 | 2012-01-20 | Ionic compound and process for production thereof, and electrolytic solution and electrical storage device each utilizing the ionic compound |
KR1020137021272A KR101814041B1 (ko) | 2011-01-21 | 2012-01-20 | 이온성 화합물, 그 제조방법, 및, 이것을 사용한 전해액, 및, 축전 디바이스 |
JP2012162118A JP5875954B2 (ja) | 2012-01-20 | 2012-07-20 | シアノボレート化合物、並びに、これを用いた電解質 |
Applications Claiming Priority (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011-011445 | 2011-01-21 | ||
JP2011011445 | 2011-01-21 | ||
JP2011027924 | 2011-02-10 | ||
JP2011-027924 | 2011-02-10 | ||
JP2011094525 | 2011-04-20 | ||
JP2011-094525 | 2011-04-20 | ||
JP2011095524 | 2011-04-21 | ||
JP2011-095524 | 2011-04-21 | ||
JP2011282242 | 2011-12-22 | ||
JP2011-282242 | 2011-12-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012099259A1 true WO2012099259A1 (ja) | 2012-07-26 |
Family
ID=46515876
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2012/051275 WO2012099259A1 (ja) | 2011-01-21 | 2012-01-20 | イオン性化合物、その製造方法、並びに、これを用いた電解液、及び、蓄電デバイス |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9466431B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2667445A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2012099259A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101814041B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103370827B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2012099259A1 (ja) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20140042673A (ko) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-07 | 소니 주식회사 | 전해액, 전해액의 제조 방법 및 전기화학 디바이스 |
JP2014078449A (ja) * | 2012-10-11 | 2014-05-01 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 電池用電極及びこれを用いた電池 |
CN103840127A (zh) * | 2012-11-22 | 2014-06-04 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | 正极活性物质层、隔板和含其至少一种的可再充电锂电池 |
JP2014199792A (ja) * | 2012-07-20 | 2014-10-23 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 非水電解液用添加剤、非水電解液、およびリチウム二次電池 |
JP2015026548A (ja) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-02-05 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 過充電防止剤及びこれを含む電解液、並びにリチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP2015035400A (ja) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-02-19 | 株式会社日本触媒 | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP2015118745A (ja) * | 2013-12-16 | 2015-06-25 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 非水電解液及びこれを含むリチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP2018129204A (ja) * | 2017-02-09 | 2018-08-16 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | リチウム二次電池用電極及びリチウム二次電池 |
CN117832626A (zh) * | 2024-03-06 | 2024-04-05 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | 电解液、电化学装置和电子设备 |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2015103288A (ja) * | 2013-11-21 | 2015-06-04 | ソニー株式会社 | 二次電池、電池パック、電動車両および電力貯蔵システム |
US10460882B2 (en) | 2014-10-30 | 2019-10-29 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Electrolyte solution and electrochemical device |
CN107112145B (zh) * | 2014-12-11 | 2020-07-07 | 大塚化学株式会社 | 双电层电容器用非水电解液 |
US10553895B2 (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2020-02-04 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Secondary battery-use electrolytic solution, secondary battery, battery pack, electric vehicle, electric power storage system, electric power tool, and electronic apparatus |
US10326167B2 (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2019-06-18 | Murata Manufacturing Inc. | Secondary battery-use electrolytic solution, secondary battery, battery pack, electric vehicle, electric power storage system, electric power tool, and electronic apparatus |
JP6446283B2 (ja) * | 2015-02-03 | 2018-12-26 | Fdk株式会社 | ラミネート型リチウム一次電池 |
JP2016149312A (ja) * | 2015-02-13 | 2016-08-18 | ソニー株式会社 | 二次電池、電池パック、電動車両、電力貯蔵システム、電動工具および電子機器 |
EP3319164A4 (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2019-03-20 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | ELECTROLYTE AND ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE |
CN105244541A (zh) * | 2015-09-10 | 2016-01-13 | 天津金牛电源材料有限责任公司 | 一种用于非水电化学装置的电解质及使用其的非水电解液 |
CN105489857B (zh) * | 2015-12-08 | 2018-06-29 | 西安瑟福能源科技有限公司 | 一种快速充电用锂离子电池 |
TW201813178A (zh) * | 2016-05-17 | 2018-04-01 | 艾歐斯能源儲存有限責任公司 | 使用以深共熔溶劑為主之電解質的鋅鹵化物電池 |
JP7068309B2 (ja) | 2016-12-21 | 2022-05-16 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | 焼結システム及び焼結済み物品 |
CN107154510B (zh) * | 2017-04-06 | 2019-07-16 | 深圳清华大学研究院 | 锂离子电池电解液及锂离子电池 |
KR101885781B1 (ko) * | 2017-07-05 | 2018-08-06 | (주)다오코리아 | 온열 매트 |
CN110265716B (zh) * | 2019-06-13 | 2021-12-10 | 东莞维科电池有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池电解液及锂离子电池 |
CN110854428A (zh) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-28 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | 一种半固态锂电池电解质及制备方法 |
CN112864459B (zh) * | 2019-11-28 | 2022-07-12 | 广东工业大学 | 一种电解液及其制备方法和二次锂金属电池 |
CN111304631A (zh) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-06-19 | 江苏迈纳德微纳技术有限公司 | 一种原子层沉积制备磷酸锂薄膜的方法 |
US11283109B1 (en) | 2020-06-11 | 2022-03-22 | Natron Energy, Inc. | Electrochemical cell with TMCCC electrodes in an acetonitrile solvent including a dinitrile additive |
KR102520076B1 (ko) * | 2021-03-30 | 2023-04-10 | 에스케이씨 주식회사 | 전기변색소자, 이에 사용되는 전해질 및 그 제조방법 |
CN116598605B (zh) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-11-03 | 江苏恒安储能科技有限公司 | 一种无隔膜胶体锌溴电池 |
CN116960466B (zh) * | 2023-09-15 | 2024-04-02 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 电解液、二次电池及用电装置 |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002363133A (ja) * | 2001-06-07 | 2002-12-18 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 芳香環に結合しているα炭素に少なくとも1つ以上の水素原子を有するα炭素結合芳香族化合物の製造方法、および芳香族カルボン酸または芳香族カルボン酸エステルの製造方法 |
JP2004006240A (ja) | 2002-04-02 | 2004-01-08 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | イオン伝導性材料 |
JP2004165131A (ja) | 2002-04-02 | 2004-06-10 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 新規溶融塩を用いたイオン伝導体 |
JP2004175667A (ja) * | 2002-11-22 | 2004-06-24 | Tokuyama Corp | オニウム塩 |
JP2004175666A (ja) * | 2002-11-22 | 2004-06-24 | Tokuyama Corp | オニウム塩 |
JP2006517546A (ja) | 2003-02-14 | 2006-07-27 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフトング | シアノボレートアニオンを有する塩 |
WO2010021391A1 (ja) | 2008-08-22 | 2010-02-25 | 日宝化学株式会社 | イオン性化合物及びその製造方法、並びに、これを用いたイオン伝導性材料 |
WO2010086131A1 (en) | 2009-02-02 | 2010-08-05 | Lonza Ltd | Novel tricyanoborates |
JP2011001305A (ja) * | 2009-06-19 | 2011-01-06 | Ube Industries Ltd | アザボラシクロペンテン化合物の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
MY153569A (en) * | 1998-01-20 | 2015-02-27 | Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corp | Inhibitors of ?4 mediated cell adhesion |
JP3594521B2 (ja) | 1999-10-19 | 2004-12-02 | 日本碍子株式会社 | リチウム二次電池の評価方法 |
JP5315582B2 (ja) | 2001-07-26 | 2013-10-16 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | リチウムビス(ペンタフルオロエタンスルホニル)イミド含有組成物の脱水方法 |
EP1365463A3 (en) | 2002-04-02 | 2007-12-19 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Material for electrolytic solutions and use thereof |
JP2004063156A (ja) | 2002-07-25 | 2004-02-26 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | 非水溶液電解液二次電池 |
CA2517248A1 (fr) | 2005-08-29 | 2007-02-28 | Hydro-Quebec | Procede de purification d'un electrolyte, electrolyte ainsi obtenu et ses utilisations |
FR2928925B1 (fr) * | 2008-03-19 | 2011-01-07 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Complexes de bore ou d'aluminium, et leurs utilisations. |
JP5583899B2 (ja) | 2008-06-04 | 2014-09-03 | 株式会社日本触媒 | イオン性化合物の製造方法 |
CN102712660B (zh) | 2010-01-18 | 2015-06-03 | 默克专利有限公司 | 含有全氟烷基-氰基-烷氧基-硼酸根阴离子或全氟烷基-氰基-烷氧基-氟-硼酸根阴离子的化合物 |
-
2012
- 2012-01-20 EP EP12736377.8A patent/EP2667445A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-01-20 CN CN201280005961.0A patent/CN103370827B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-01-20 KR KR1020137021272A patent/KR101814041B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-01-20 US US13/980,671 patent/US9466431B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-01-20 WO PCT/JP2012/051275 patent/WO2012099259A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-01-20 JP JP2012553793A patent/JPWO2012099259A1/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002363133A (ja) * | 2001-06-07 | 2002-12-18 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 芳香環に結合しているα炭素に少なくとも1つ以上の水素原子を有するα炭素結合芳香族化合物の製造方法、および芳香族カルボン酸または芳香族カルボン酸エステルの製造方法 |
JP2004006240A (ja) | 2002-04-02 | 2004-01-08 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | イオン伝導性材料 |
JP2004165131A (ja) | 2002-04-02 | 2004-06-10 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 新規溶融塩を用いたイオン伝導体 |
JP2004175667A (ja) * | 2002-11-22 | 2004-06-24 | Tokuyama Corp | オニウム塩 |
JP2004175666A (ja) * | 2002-11-22 | 2004-06-24 | Tokuyama Corp | オニウム塩 |
JP2006517546A (ja) | 2003-02-14 | 2006-07-27 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフトング | シアノボレートアニオンを有する塩 |
WO2010021391A1 (ja) | 2008-08-22 | 2010-02-25 | 日宝化学株式会社 | イオン性化合物及びその製造方法、並びに、これを用いたイオン伝導性材料 |
WO2010086131A1 (en) | 2009-02-02 | 2010-08-05 | Lonza Ltd | Novel tricyanoborates |
JP2011001305A (ja) * | 2009-06-19 | 2011-01-06 | Ube Industries Ltd | アザボラシクロペンテン化合物の製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP2667445A4 * |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2014199792A (ja) * | 2012-07-20 | 2014-10-23 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 非水電解液用添加剤、非水電解液、およびリチウム二次電池 |
KR102150727B1 (ko) * | 2012-09-28 | 2020-09-01 | 가부시키가이샤 무라타 세이사쿠쇼 | 전해액, 전해액의 제조 방법 및 전기화학 디바이스 |
CN103715455A (zh) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-09 | 索尼公司 | 电解液、电解液的制造方法、以及电化学装置 |
JP2014072031A (ja) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-21 | Sony Corp | 電解液、電解液の製造方法および電気化学デバイス |
KR20140042673A (ko) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-07 | 소니 주식회사 | 전해액, 전해액의 제조 방법 및 전기화학 디바이스 |
JP2014078449A (ja) * | 2012-10-11 | 2014-05-01 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 電池用電極及びこれを用いた電池 |
CN103840127A (zh) * | 2012-11-22 | 2014-06-04 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | 正极活性物质层、隔板和含其至少一种的可再充电锂电池 |
EP2736094B1 (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2016-06-29 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | Positive active material layer for rechargeable lithium battery, separator for rechargeable lithium battery, and rechargeable lithium battery including at least one of the same |
US9660239B2 (en) | 2012-11-22 | 2017-05-23 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Positive active material layer for rechargeable lithium battery, separator for rechargeable lithium battery, and rechargeable lithium battery including at least one of same |
US9905882B2 (en) | 2012-11-22 | 2018-02-27 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Positive active material layer for rechargeable lithium battery, separator for rechargeable lithium battery, and rechargeable lithium battery including at least one of same |
JP2015026548A (ja) * | 2013-07-26 | 2015-02-05 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 過充電防止剤及びこれを含む電解液、並びにリチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP2015035400A (ja) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-02-19 | 株式会社日本触媒 | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP2015118745A (ja) * | 2013-12-16 | 2015-06-25 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 非水電解液及びこれを含むリチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP2018129204A (ja) * | 2017-02-09 | 2018-08-16 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | リチウム二次電池用電極及びリチウム二次電池 |
JP7049060B2 (ja) | 2017-02-09 | 2022-04-06 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | リチウム二次電池用電極、リチウム二次電池及びリチウム二次電池用電極の製造方法 |
CN117832626A (zh) * | 2024-03-06 | 2024-04-05 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | 电解液、电化学装置和电子设备 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN103370827A (zh) | 2013-10-23 |
CN103370827B (zh) | 2016-02-17 |
EP2667445A4 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
EP2667445A1 (en) | 2013-11-27 |
US20130295449A1 (en) | 2013-11-07 |
KR20140025336A (ko) | 2014-03-04 |
KR101814041B1 (ko) | 2018-01-02 |
US9466431B2 (en) | 2016-10-11 |
JPWO2012099259A1 (ja) | 2014-06-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2012099259A1 (ja) | イオン性化合物、その製造方法、並びに、これを用いた電解液、及び、蓄電デバイス | |
JP5796756B2 (ja) | イオン性化合物及びその製造方法 | |
JP5684138B2 (ja) | 蓄電デバイスおよびこれに用いる電解液 | |
JP5013776B2 (ja) | 電気化学デバイスおよび電気化学デバイス電解質用組成物 | |
KR102684010B1 (ko) | 인산디에스테르염, 그의 제조 방법, 축전 소자의 비수 전해액 및 축전 소자 | |
EP3667804B1 (en) | Electrolyte solution containing unsaturated cyclic carbonates, electrochemical device and lithium-ion secondary battery comprising the same | |
JP5595294B2 (ja) | 蓄電デバイスの電解液用添加剤およびこれを含む電解液 | |
JP6101575B2 (ja) | 非水電解液用添加剤、非水電解液、およびリチウム二次電池 | |
JP2012216419A (ja) | 蓄電デバイス | |
JPWO2006106655A1 (ja) | 電解液 | |
JPWO2006106656A1 (ja) | 電解液 | |
JP2007197370A (ja) | 電解質組成物 | |
WO2007055392A1 (en) | Ionic compound | |
US20170058062A1 (en) | Use of particular polymers as charge storage means | |
JP4929766B2 (ja) | 電解液 | |
JP5798509B2 (ja) | 電解質材料及びその製造方法 | |
JP5976490B2 (ja) | 電池用電極及びこれを用いた電池 | |
JP4732764B2 (ja) | イオン性化合物の製造方法 | |
WO2020025502A1 (en) | New components for electrolyte compositions |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 201280005961.0 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 12736377 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2012553793 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13980671 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2012736377 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20137021272 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |