WO2012046513A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012046513A1 WO2012046513A1 PCT/JP2011/068773 JP2011068773W WO2012046513A1 WO 2012046513 A1 WO2012046513 A1 WO 2012046513A1 JP 2011068773 W JP2011068773 W JP 2011068773W WO 2012046513 A1 WO2012046513 A1 WO 2012046513A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0563—Liquid materials, e.g. for Li-SOCl2 cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lithium ion secondary battery, and a power source and device system using the lithium ion secondary battery.
- Lithium ion secondary batteries typified by lithium ion secondary batteries, have a high energy density and are expected to be used in various applications as batteries for electric vehicles and power storage.
- Lithium ion secondary batteries are required to have a large output for various applications.
- the direct current resistance (DCR) of the battery increases as the subsequent charge / discharge cycle and the standing time elapse, and when the capacity and output decrease, the lithium ion secondary A system equipped with a battery may become inoperable.
- the positive electrode made of an oxide mainly composed of manganese the increase in the DCR of the positive electrode accompanied by elution of Mn from the Mn oxide is remarkable.
- Patent Documents 1 to 6 disclose a technique in which a LiMn 2 O 4 positive electrode active material is treated with boric acid and the surface is coated with boron.
- Patent Document 2 relates to an invention in which a first coating layer using boron oxide and a second coating layer using a lithium cobalt composite oxide are formed on the surface of lithium manganese oxide.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method of forming a surface treatment layer containing an element such as boron on the surface of a positive electrode active material such as a lithium-containing metal oxide.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a technique for coating the surface of a positive electrode with an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or the like.
- Patent Document 5 adds a film-forming compound having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond in the molecule and a single bond or double bond between element 13, group 14 or group 15 and oxygen (O). Thus, the present invention suppresses the electrolytic decomposition reaction on the positive electrode.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a method of forming a coating layer on the surface of a positive electrode active material using an amphoteric compound made of zinc or the like.
- Patent Documents 7 to 9 disclose techniques for improving storage characteristics at high temperatures by using an electrolytic solution in which LiBF 4 and LiPF 6 are mixed.
- JP-A-9-265984 JP 2002-175801 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-1000029 JP 2003-234102 A JP 2008-146862 A JP 2008-277307 A JP 2000-277146 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-28017 JP 2007-280918 A
- the object of the present invention is to further extend the life of the battery.
- a positive electrode having a positive active material containing Mn, the negative electrode active material negative electrode with a lithium ion secondary battery comprising a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a graphite mainly include LiPF 6, LiBF
- LiBF 4 and LiPF 6 are allowed to coexist in the electrolyte. It is characterized by that.
- the amount of LiPF 6 contained in the electrolytic solution is preferably larger than the amount of LiBF 4 .
- phosphorus and boron oxides are deposited on the positive electrode to prevent elution of Mn contained in the positive electrode.
- the amount of these electrolytes is preferably reduced in the order of phosphorus, boron, and iodine.
- the life of the lithium ion secondary battery can be extended.
- This specification includes the contents described in the specification and / or drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-225313 which is the basis of the priority of the present application.
- the cross-sectional structure of the lithium ion secondary battery of this invention is shown.
- the X-ray photoelectron spectrum of the positive electrode surface is shown.
- the X-ray photoelectron spectrum of the positive electrode surface is shown. 1 shows a battery system of the present invention.
- Electric vehicles that can be used with lithium-ion secondary batteries include zero-emission electric vehicles that are not equipped with an engine, hybrid electric vehicles that are equipped with both an engine and a secondary battery, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles that are directly charged from a system power supply. and so on.
- the lithium ion secondary battery is expected to be used as a stationary power storage system that stores power and supplies power in an emergency when the power system is cut off.
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Lithium ion secondary batteries require output performance of 0.1 hour rate or more when starting and stopping with a mobile power supply. Also in stationary power sources for the purpose of power backup and load leveling in the event of a power failure, output performance from 1 hour rate to 0.2 hour rate is required.
- the 1 hour rate represents the speed of charging or discharging when the rated capacity of the lithium ion secondary battery is used up in 1 hour. It is a rate of charging or discharging with a large current corresponding to 5 times the current of 1 hour rate at the 0.2 hour rate and further 10 times at the 0.1 hour rate.
- the present inventors use a battery containing both LiPF 6 and LiBF 4 as an electrolyte, and form an oxide containing P and B on the surface of the positive electrode, thereby suppressing the elution of Mn as described above, and lithium ions
- the lifetime can be further increased by adding a small amount of iodine compound to the electrolytic solution.
- the concentration ratio of P and B calculated from LiPF 6 and LiBF 4 in the electrolytic solution is reversed in the ratio of the surface concentration of P and B in the oxide, In particular, when the B / P element concentration ratio in the oxide is greater than 1, the battery life can be extended.
- a long-life lithium ion secondary battery can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the internal structure of the lithium ion secondary battery 101.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 101 is an electrochemical device that can store and use electrical energy by occlusion / release of ions to and from an electrode in a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- an electrode group including a positive electrode 107, a negative electrode 108, and a separator 109 inserted between both electrodes is housed in a battery container 102 in a sealed state.
- the structure of the electrode group can be various shapes such as a stack of strip-shaped electrodes shown in FIG. 1, or a wound shape in an arbitrary shape such as a cylindrical shape or a flat shape.
- As the shape of the battery container a cylindrical shape, a flat oval shape, a rectangular shape, or the like may be selected according to the shape of the electrode group.
- the lid 103 there is a lid 103 at the top of the battery container 102, and the lid 103 has a positive external terminal 104, a negative external terminal 105, and a liquid inlet 106.
- the lid 103 was put on the battery container 102, and the outer periphery of the lid 103 was welded to be integrated with the battery container 102.
- other methods such as caulking and adhesion can be employed in addition to welding.
- the positive electrode 107 is composed of a positive electrode active material containing Mn, a conductive agent, a binder, and a current collector.
- the present invention is particularly useful for a battery using a Mn oxide having a spinel structure and a positive electrode active material in which a part of the Mn, oxygen, or lithium element is substituted with another element.
- Mn oxide having a spinel structure By containing Mn on the positive electrode surface, an oxide layer having boron is stably formed, and decomposition of the electrolytic solution can be suppressed after the formation of the stable coating.
- the inventors consider that an oxide layer containing boron is easily formed on the Mn oxide and that the bond between the two oxides is strong.
- the particle size of the positive electrode active material is specified to be equal to or less than the thickness of the mixture layer.
- the coarse particles are removed in advance by sieving classification, wind classification or the like to produce particles having a thickness of the mixture layer or less.
- the positive electrode active materials are oxides and have high electric resistance. Therefore, the positive electrode active materials are mixed with a conductive agent to supplement their electric conductivity.
- a conductive agent a carbon material having a high specific surface area such as carbon black or activated carbon can be used.
- an oxide film mainly composed of boron is formed on the surface of the positive electrode by utilizing competitive adsorption of BF 4 anion and PF 6 anion, and has a large specific surface area of 100 m 2 / g or more. It is more preferable to add a conductive agent.
- conductive fibers such as vapor-grown carbon or carbon (manufactured by carbonization at high temperature from pitch (by-products such as petroleum, coal, coal tar)) and carbon fiber produced from acrylic fiber (Polyacrylonitrile) Can be used as a conductive agent. It is preferable to use a carbon material having a high specific surface area together with the carbon fiber. The carbon material having a high specific surface area assists the conductivity between the positive electrode active material and the conductive fiber, and the conductivity is further improved as compared with the case of using only the conductive fiber. It is also possible to use a metal material that is not oxidized and dissolved at the charge / discharge potential of the positive electrode (usually 2.5 to 4.2 V) and has a lower electrical resistance than the positive electrode active material.
- Examples thereof include fibers made of corrosion resistant metals such as titanium and gold, carbides such as SiC and WC, and nitrides such as Si 3 N 4 and BN.
- existing production methods such as a melting method and a chemical vapor deposition method can be used.
- the positive electrode binder a known material such as a fluorine-based binder or a rubber-based binder can be used. If necessary, an additive for adjusting dispersibility and viscosity (for example, carboxymethylcellulose) may be added.
- any positive current collector can be used without being limited by the material, shape, manufacturing method, and the like.
- the positive electrode current collector an aluminum foil having a thickness of 10 to 100 ⁇ m, an aluminum perforated foil having a thickness of 10 to 100 ⁇ m and a hole diameter of 0.1 to 10 mm, an expanded metal, a foam metal plate, or the like is used.
- the material of the positive electrode current collector stainless steel, titanium, or the like can be used in addition to aluminum.
- a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder are sufficiently mixed together with a solvent to prepare a smooth positive electrode slurry.
- the positive electrode 107 is manufactured by applying this slurry to the positive electrode current collector and drying it. After adhering the positive electrode slurry to the current collector, the organic solvent is dried, and the positive electrode is pressure-molded by a roll press to produce a positive electrode.
- a known method such as a doctor blade method, a dipping method, or a spray method can be employed, and the means is not limited.
- the negative electrode 108 is made of a negative electrode active material, a binder, and a current collector.
- the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited, and various materials can be used.
- a carbon material having a graphene structure such as graphite, graphitizable carbon, and non-graphitizable carbon is preferable.
- the particle size of the negative electrode active material be equal to or less than the thickness of the mixture layer.
- the coarse particles are removed in advance by sieving classification, wind classification, etc., and particles having a thickness of the mixture layer thickness or less are used.
- a conductive agent may be added to the negative electrode. Since the conductive agent does not participate in the insertion / extraction of lithium ions and acts as an electron medium, it does not affect the lithium ion storage / release reaction in the negative electrode active material.
- a conductive polymer material made of polyacene, polyparaphenylene, polyaniline, or polyacetylene can also be used for the negative electrode.
- the negative electrode active material is mixed with a binder to bond the powders together and simultaneously adhere to the current collector.
- any current collector can be used without being limited by the material, shape, manufacturing method and the like.
- a copper foil having a thickness of 10 to 100 ⁇ m a copper perforated foil having a thickness of 10 to 100 ⁇ m and a hole diameter of 0.1 to 10 mm, an expanded metal, a metal foam plate, and the like are used.
- stainless steel, titanium, nickel, etc. can be used as the material.
- a negative electrode slurry in which a negative electrode active material, a binder, and an organic solvent are mixed is attached to a current collector by the doctor blade method, dipping method, spray method, etc., the organic solvent is dried, and the negative electrode is pressure-formed by a roll press. By doing so, a negative electrode can be produced. Moreover, it is also possible to form a multilayer mixture layer on the current collector by carrying out a plurality of times from application to drying.
- a separator 109 is inserted between the positive electrode 107 and the negative electrode 108 to prevent a short circuit between the positive electrode 107 and the negative electrode 108.
- a separator 109 a polyolefin-based polymer sheet made of polyethylene, polypropylene, or the like, or a separator 109 having a multilayer structure in which a polyolefin-based polymer and a fluorine-based polymer sheet typified by tetrafluoropolyethylene are welded is used. Is possible.
- a mixture of ceramics and a binder may be formed in a thin layer on the surface of the separator 109 so that the separator 109 does not contract when the battery temperature increases.
- separators 109 need to allow lithium ions to permeate during charging and discharging of the battery, generally, if the pore diameter is 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m and the porosity is 20 to 90%, the separator 109 is used for the lithium ion secondary battery 101. Is possible.
- the separator 109 is also inserted between the electrode disposed at the end of the electrode group and the battery container 102 so that the positive electrode 107 and the negative electrode 108 are not short-circuited through the battery container 102.
- An electrolyte solution composed of an electrolyte and a non-aqueous solvent is held on the surfaces of the separator 109 and the electrodes 107 and 108 and inside the pores.
- the electrode group is electrically connected to an external terminal via a lead wire.
- the positive electrode 107 is connected to the positive electrode external terminal 104 via the positive electrode lead wire 110.
- the negative electrode 108 is connected to the negative electrode external terminal 105 through the negative electrode lead wire 111.
- the lead wires 110 and 111 can be of any shape and material as long as the material has a structure capable of reducing ohmic loss when an electric current is applied and does not react with the electrolyte solution. Arbitrary shapes, such as a shape, can be taken.
- a positive temperature coefficient is provided in the middle of the positive lead wire 110 or the negative lead wire 111, or at the connecting portion between the positive lead wire 110 and the positive external terminal 104, or at the connecting portion between the negative lead wire 111 and the negative external terminal 105.
- PTC positive temperature coefficient
- An insulating sealing material 112 is inserted between the positive electrode external terminal 104 or the negative electrode external terminal 105 and the battery container 102 so as not to short-circuit both terminals.
- the insulating sealing material 112 can be selected from a fluororesin, a thermosetting resin, a glass hermetic seal, and the like, and any material that does not react with the electrolyte and has excellent airtightness can be used.
- the material of the battery container 102 is selected from materials that are corrosion resistant to the non-aqueous electrolyte, such as aluminum, stainless steel, and nickel-plated steel.
- the material is altered by corrosion of the battery container or alloying with lithium ions in the portion in contact with the nonaqueous electrolyte. Select the lead wire material to prevent this from occurring.
- the liquid injection port 106 of the lithium ion secondary battery shown in FIG. 1 is installed on the upper surface of the battery container 102. After the electrode group is housed in the battery container 102 and sealed, the electrolytic solution of the present invention is dropped from the liquid injection port 106 and filled with a predetermined amount of the electrolytic solution, and then the liquid injection port 106 is sealed.
- a safety mechanism a pressure valve for releasing the pressure inside the battery container may be provided.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte filled in the battery container is obtained by dissolving an electrolyte in a solvent obtained by mixing dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, or the like with ethylene carbonate.
- the kind of solvent can be arbitrarily selected as long as it does not decompose in the positive electrode or the negative electrode. Moreover, there is no restriction
- Solvents applicable to the electrolyte include propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfone.
- Nonaqueous solvents such as diethoxyethane, chloroethylene carbonate, chloropropylene carbonate and the like are exemplified, and other solvents may be used.
- a solid polymer electrolyte (polymer electrolyte) and the electrolytic solution of the present invention can be impregnated and used as a gel electrolyte in a lithium ion battery.
- the solid polymer electrolyte include ionic conductive polymers such as ethylene oxide, acrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, methyl methacrylate, and polyethylene oxide of hexafluoropropylene. These solid electrolytes are impregnated with a mixed electrolytic solution of LiPF 6 and LiBF 4 . When such a gel electrolyte is used, there is an advantage that the separator 109 can be omitted.
- the electrolyte of the lithium ion secondary battery it is preferable to use lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) and lithium borofluoride (LiBF 4 ).
- the former is used in a larger amount than the latter. That is, the molar ratio of P / B calculated from the molar ratio of the electrolyte is made larger than 1.
- Part of the electrolyte containing boron is decomposed on the positive electrode to form an oxide film made of boron.
- LiPF 6 also decomposes on the positive electrode, and an oxide containing phosphorus is formed.
- the decomposition reaction rate of LiBF 4 is faster than the decomposition reaction rate of LiPF 6 , an oxide film containing boron is preferentially formed. Cheap. This kinetic interpretation will be explained later in FIG.
- this oxide film effectively suppresses the decomposition of the electrolytic solution, particularly the solvent, and improves the capacity retention rate of the lithium ion secondary battery in a high temperature environment.
- an electrolyte serving as a boron source is dissolved.
- Lithium borofluoride (LiBF 4 ) is preferred, but other boron-containing electrolytes such as lithium bisoxalate borate or both may be used.
- LiPF 6 and LiBF 4 as the electrolyte. That is, the molar ratio of P / B calculated from the molar ratio of the electrolyte is made larger than 1.
- LiBF 4 is more easily decomposed at the positive electrode than LiPF 6 , and an oxide film containing boron is preferentially formed on the surface of the positive electrode. Therefore, it is more desirable to decrease the LiBF 4 concentration to form a necessary amount of oxide film on the surface of the positive electrode, and instead increase the LiPF 6 concentration to increase the conductivity of the electrolyte.
- the molar ratio of the electrolyte is LiPF 6 / LiBF 4 > 1, and the molar concentration of LiPF 6 is particularly preferably 0.6 mol / dm 3 or more.
- concentration is lower than this, the dissociated Li + concentration is small, the conductivity of the electrolytic solution is lowered, and the battery performance is lowered.
- Such additives include group III iodide salts such as lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, rubidium iodide, cesium iodide, magnesium iodide, calcium iodide, iodide.
- group III iodide salts such as lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, rubidium iodide, cesium iodide, magnesium iodide, calcium iodide, iodide.
- Group 2 iodide salts such as strontium and barium iodide are listed.
- the salt is not limited to the iodide salt exemplified above, and any salt that dissociates iodine ions and does not easily cause a decomposition reaction between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery can be applied as an iodine ion source.
- LiBF 4 ⁇ Li + + BF 4 ⁇ (Formula 1) BF 4 ⁇ ⁇ BF 3 + F ⁇ (Formula 2) LiPF 6 ⁇ Li + PF 6 ⁇ (Formula 3) PF 6 ⁇ ⁇ PF 5 + F ⁇ (Formula 4) BF 3 and PF 5 are strong Lewis acids.
- the equilibrium of the reactions of Formula 2 and Formula 4 is biased toward the original system side (left side), and it is considered that the rate of dissociation of the electrolyte anion is very small.
- the respective equilibrium constants are determined to be 8.31 (Formula 2) and 9.49 (Formula 4).
- Equation 6 indicates decomposition reaction at the positive electrode oxide surface of PF 5.
- M is a Mn atom, it is presumed that a boron oxide film is easily formed.
- -OM- is a unit of an oxygen atom bonded to the adjacent metal atom M of the positive electrode active material, and shows a unit of the bonding state.
- the number before (-OM-) is ( -OMF) means that oxygen atom is bonded to boron and metal atom is bonded to oxygen atom and fluorine atom. Since boron can be bonded to three oxygen atoms, (-OMF) has a subscript 3).
- Equation 5 Since the ratio of the decomposition reaction of PF 5 is governed by the equilibrium constants of Equation 2 and Equation 4, Equation 5 is more likely to occur at a rate 10 times that of Equation 6. Therefore, if LiBF 4 in an amount of about 1/10 is added to LiPF 6 , film formation containing boron oxide at a ratio equal to or higher than that of phosphorus oxide can be realized. The fact that the speed of Formula 5 is 10 times larger than the speed of Formula 6 is supported by Test 3 described later.
- Equation 2 works to form a stable boron-containing coating according to Equation 5 when BF 3 is generated in the vicinity of the positive electrode active material.
- the reaction rate of Formula 2 decreases, and the reaction does not proceed easily until BF 3 is consumed on the positive electrode surface. Further, the diffusion of BF 3 away from the positive electrode becomes rate limiting, and there is a possibility that Formula 5 does not advance sufficiently.
- Equation 7 The reaction of the electrolytic solution containing iodine ions is shown in Formula 7 and Formula 8 (reference document Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 45 ⁇ , pages 2403-2409, 1967).
- Equation 7 BF 3 in the electrolyte away from the positive electrode is consumed, so that the equilibrium of Equation 2 is shifted to the right side and the generation of BF 3 is promoted.
- B 2 F 7 ⁇ is an anion, it is likely to diffuse to the positive electrode side due to a potential gradient between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the B 2 F 7 ⁇ that has reached the vicinity of the positive electrode is regenerated from BF 3 according to Equation 8, and forms an oxide layer of boron according to Equation 5.
- the number of moles of iodine ions is preferably not less than 1 ⁇ 2 the number of moles of BF 3 calculated by Equation 7, and is preferably equal to or less than BF 4 ⁇ .
- the power generation apparatus using the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention can be applied to any renewable energy power generation system such as sunlight, geothermal heat, wave energy, and the like.
- a drive device such as an electric motor.
- it can be used for electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, transportation equipment, construction equipment, nursing care equipment, light vehicles, electric tools, game machines, video machines, televisions, vacuum cleaners, robots, portable terminal information equipment, etc. .
- the present invention can be applied to a use as a power storage system installed in a solar power generation, a wave power generation, a geothermal power generation or a wind power plant, or a power supply for a space station combined with a solar power generation.
- a lithium ion secondary battery having a boron oxide film formed on the positive electrode surface was fabricated. The components and ratios of the electrolyte were changed and the effects were examined.
- the configuration other than the electrolyte was common to the examples and comparative examples.
- a battery having the shape shown in FIG. 1 was prepared.
- a spinel type Mn positive electrode active material Li 1.05 Mn 1.95 O 4
- carbon black carbon black
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the weight composition of the positive electrode material was 88: 5: 7.
- artificial graphite was used as a negative electrode active material, and PVDF was added.
- the mixed composition of the materials was 92: 8 (weight ratio).
- the solvent of the electrolytic solution was a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) having a volume ratio of 1: 2.
- separator As the separator, a three-layer type microporous separator (thickness 25 ⁇ m) in which polypropylene is laminated on both sides of polyethylene was used. A square lithium ion secondary battery was manufactured as an electrode group having a laminated structure in which electrodes and separators were laminated (FIG. 1).
- the initial discharge capacity was the same as that of the battery 1.
- the rated capacity of battery 3 was reduced by 0.5 Ah compared to other batteries. This is because, since the electrolyte is LiBF 4 , the conductivity of the electrolytic solution is reduced and the internal resistance of the battery is increased.
- LiBF 4 was mixed and used as an electrolyte, but the reactivity of LiBF 4 is higher than that of LiPF 6 and is selectively adsorbed on the surface of the positive electrode to form a stable oxide film ( Formula 2).
- an oxide film of B is formed using a small amount of LiBF 4 , the remaining amount of LiPF 6 is increased, and a highly conductive electrolyte remains, whereby the charge / discharge characteristics and rate characteristics of the battery are improved.
- Example 2 The battery 1 of Example 1, the battery 2 of Comparative Example 1, and the battery 3 of Comparative Example 2 were each discharged in a glove box filled with argon gas, disassembled, and the positive electrode was taken out. A part of the positive electrode was immersed in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to sufficiently remove the electrolyte, and then DMC was evaporated in the glove box. This was taken out from the glove box and the surface composition of each positive electrode was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS spectrum is shown in FIG.
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- the XPS spectrum of the positive electrode of the battery 1 of the example shows a wide band in which two peaks (192.3 eV and 194.1 eV) attributed to P2s and B1s are overlapped (FIG. 2, Example 1). ). From this result, it was suggested that the oxides of P and B were formed on the positive electrode surface even though the ratio of LiBF 4 was as small as 1/10 of LiPF 6 . This is because the equilibrium constant of Equation 2 is larger than that of Equation 4.
- Example 1 The XPS spectrum which could not be separated in Example 1 was decomposed to clarify the peak intensities of P2s derived from P oxide and B1s derived from B oxide.
- the upper diagram of FIG. 3 shows the result of smoothing the peak (solid line) of Example 1 in FIG. 2 and converting it to a shape similar to the normal distribution function.
- the peak after the smoothing process is indicated by a dotted line.
- the analysis result of the element concentration ratio when the etching depth is 0 nm indicates that almost equal amounts of B and P are present on the positive electrode surface.
- the element ratio of B and P is quantified by the method described above (FIG. 3). Each element concentration was 1/10 or more of the Mn surface concentration (1.5 at.%). Further, since the internal positive electrode is exposed by 10 nm etching, the XPS peak of Mn increases, and the Mn composition increases to 7.1 at.%. This corresponds to the removal of the oxide layer containing B, P, C, O, and F. Since the concentrations of these film constituent elements are hardly changed by 10 nm etching, it is presumed that the oxide layer has an oxide layer thickness of at least 10 nm or more, possibly several tens of nm.
- the desirable form of the present invention is the concentration of boron and phosphorus contained in the oxide on the positive electrode. It can be concluded that the ratio (B / P) is greater than the molar concentration ratio of LiBF 4 and LiPF 6 in the electrolyte (LiBF 4 / LiPF 6 ) and has an inverse relationship. More desirably, B / P in the oxide is larger than 1, and an oxide containing boron is a main component.
- the type and composition of the electrolyte were changed as shown in Table 2, and a square lithium ion secondary battery 101 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the initial aging conditions were variously changed (tests 4, 6, and 8), and the high-temperature durability test of the battery was performed (tests 5, 7, and 9).
- Test 5 High temperature durability test of the battery of Test 4
- the currents during charging and discharging of batteries 4 to 8 were increased to 10A
- the holding time at charging voltage 4.2V was 30 minutes
- the final discharge voltage was 3.0V
- after charging and after discharging A charge / discharge cycle test was conducted with a rest time of 30 minutes.
- the environmental temperature was 50 ° C.
- the battery after 100 cycles was returned to room temperature, and the discharge capacity was measured according to the conditions of Test 1. The results are shown in the column of Test 5 in Table 2.
- Test 6 Initial aging by low current charging
- the current value was set to a current corresponding to 0.5 hour rate (5 A) as in Test 1.
- Charging was started at 5 A, and after reaching 4.2 V, constant voltage charging was performed for 30 minutes. The charging time was about 2.5 hours. After a 30-minute pause, 5 A constant current discharge was performed until the battery voltage reached 3.0 V, and a 30-minute pause was provided. This series of cycles was performed three times to complete the initial aging. The last measured discharge capacity is shown in the column of test 6 in Table 2.
- Test 7 High temperature durability test of battery of test 6
- the discharge capacity was measured by the same method as test 5.
- Charging / discharging cycle by increasing the current during charging and discharging to 10A, holding time at charging voltage 4.2V for 30 minutes, discharge end voltage 3.0V, rest time after charging and discharging for 30 minutes A test was conducted.
- the environmental temperature was 50 ° C.
- the battery after 100 cycles was returned to room temperature, and the discharge capacity was measured according to the conditions of Test 1. The results are shown in the column of Test 7 in Table 2.
- Test 8 Initial aging with voltage holding during charging
- the batteries 5, 6 and 9 were used, the initial aging conditions were changed, and the rated capacity was measured.
- Test 9 High temperature durability test of Test 8
- the current during charging and discharging is increased to 10A
- the holding time at the charging voltage of 4.2V is 30 minutes
- the discharge end voltage is 3.0V
- the rest time after charging and discharging is 30 minutes.
- a discharge cycle test was conducted.
- the environmental temperature was 50 ° C.
- the battery after 100 cycles was returned to room temperature, and the discharge capacity was measured according to the conditions of Test 1.
- the results are shown in the column of Test 9 in Table 2. Even when a cycle test is performed in a 50 ° C. environment, by adding LiBF 4 , the discharge capacity of test 9 is greater than the discharge capacity of tests 5 and 7 of the corresponding batteries (batteries 5A, 6A, 9A). A tendency to increase was observed.
- This 3.8V holding voltage is lower than the rated voltage (4.2V) and is a voltage for preferentially decomposing LiBF 4 .
- the negative electrode potential is controlled to be higher, so that the effect of preventing F ⁇ ions generated in the electrolyte from being deposited on the negative electrode in the form of LiF is also obtained.
- the holding voltage is in the range of 3.7 to 4.2 V, there is an effect that the effect of improving the capacity maintenance ratio is obtained, although there is a difference in effect.
- a prismatic lithium ion secondary battery 101 made of an electrolytic solution using both LiBF 4 and LiPF 6 as an electrolyte and further containing lithium iodide was manufactured.
- the concentrations of electrolyte and lithium iodide are shown in Table 3. Other conditions were as described in Example 1, and square lithium ion secondary batteries (battery 10, battery 11, and battery 12) were manufactured.
- Test 6 Thereafter, the battery of Test 6 was subjected to a high temperature durability test under the same conditions as Test 7.
- the environmental temperature was 50 ° C.
- the discharge capacity after 100 cycles was measured at room temperature, and the measured value is shown in the column of Test 7 in Table 3.
- the addition ratio of LiBF 4 used as the electrolyte can be reduced, for example, 0.05 mol / dm 3 or less. That is, the amount of the iodide salt is in the range of 0.5% to 5% with respect to the total amount of the iodide salt and the LiBF 4 and LiPF 6. More obvious. Further, since lithium iodide works sufficiently with a small amount for shifting the equilibrium reaction of Formulas 7 and 8 to the production system side, the addition amount of lithium iodide is set to LiBF 4 or less.
- the conductive agent is partially changed.
- acetylene black was reduced by 1% and activated carbon having a specific surface area of 100 m 2 / g or 1000 m 2 / g was added by 1% to prepare a positive electrode.
- the square lithium ion secondary battery of FIG. 1 was manufactured without changing the negative electrode and the electrolyte.
- a battery using activated carbon having a specific surface area of 100 m 2 / g is referred to as battery 13
- a battery using activated carbon having a specific surface area of 1000 m 2 / g is referred to as battery 14.
- FIG. 4 shows a battery system of the present invention in which two lithium ion secondary batteries 401a and 401b are connected in series. Let this system be S1. These lithium ion secondary batteries 401a and 401b are prismatic lithium ion secondary batteries having the same specifications as in Example 1, and the capacity is 10 Ah under the hourly discharge conditions.
- Each of the lithium ion secondary batteries 401a and 401b has an electrode group having the same specifications including a positive electrode 407, a negative electrode 408, and a separator 409, and a positive electrode external terminal 404 and a negative electrode external terminal 405 are provided on the upper part.
- An insulating seal member 412 is inserted between each external terminal and the battery lid 403 so that the external terminals are not short-circuited.
- components corresponding to the positive electrode lead wire 110 and the negative electrode lead wire 111 in FIG. 1 are omitted, but the internal structure of the lithium ion secondary batteries 401a and 401b is the same as that in FIG.
- the electrolyte is supplied from a liquid injection port 406 provided in the battery lid 403.
- the negative external terminal 405 of the lithium ion secondary battery 401 a is connected to the negative input terminal of the charge / discharge controller 416 by the power cable 413.
- the positive external terminal 404 of the lithium ion secondary battery 401a is connected to the negative external terminal 405 of the lithium ion secondary battery 401b through the power cable 414.
- a positive external terminal 404 of the lithium ion secondary battery 401 b is connected to a positive input terminal of the charge / discharge controller 416 by a power cable 415.
- the charge / discharge controller 416 exchanges power with an externally installed device (hereinafter referred to as an external device) 419 via power cables 417 and 418.
- the external device 419 includes various electric devices such as an external power source and a regenerative motor for supplying power to the charge / discharge controller 416, and an inverter, a converter, and a load that supply power from the system.
- An inverter or the like may be provided depending on the type of AC and DC that the external device supports. As these devices, known devices can be arbitrarily applied.
- a power generation device 422 that simulates the operating conditions of a wind power generator was installed as a device that generates renewable energy, and was connected to the charge / discharge controller 416 via power cables 420 and 421.
- the charge / discharge controller 416 shifts to the charging mode, supplies power to the external device 419, and charges surplus power to the lithium ion secondary batteries 412a and 412b.
- the charge / discharge controller 416 operates to discharge the lithium ion secondary batteries 412a and 412b.
- the power generation device 422 can be replaced with another power generation device, that is, any device such as a solar cell, a geothermal power generation device, a fuel cell, a gas turbine generator, or the like.
- the charge / discharge controller 416 stores a program capable of automatic operation so as to perform the above-described operation.
- the lithium ion secondary batteries 401a and 401b are normally charged to obtain a rated capacity. For example, constant voltage charging of 4.1V or 4.2V can be performed for 0.5 hour at a charging current of 1 hour rate. Charging conditions are determined by the design of lithium ion secondary battery materials, amount used, etc., so the optimum conditions for each battery specification.
- the charge / discharge controller 416 After charging the lithium ion secondary batteries 401a and 401b, the charge / discharge controller 416 is switched to the discharge mode to discharge each battery. Normally, the discharge is stopped when a certain lower limit voltage is reached.
- the external device 419 supplies power when charging and consumes power when discharging.
- up to 5 hour rate discharge was carried out, and a high capacity of 90% was obtained with respect to the capacity during 1 hour rate discharge.
- the power generation device 422 simulating a wind power generator was able to perform charging at a three-hour rate during power generation.
- the external device 419 is an electric motor or the like. This embodiment can be applied to devices that use electric motors, such as electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, transportation equipment, construction machinery, nursing equipment, light vehicles, electric tools, game machines, video machines, televisions, and cleaning. Machine, robot, and portable terminal information device.
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Abstract
Description
BF4 -→BF3+F- (式2)
LiPF6→Li+PF6 - (式3)
PF6 -→PF5+F- (式4)
BF3とPF5は、強いルイス酸(Lewis acid)である。式2と式4の反応の平衡は原系側(左側)に偏っており、電解質アニオンの解離の割合は非常に小さいと考えられている。それぞれの平衡定数は、8.31(式2),9.49(式4)であると求められている。式2と式4の平衡定数の比較から、BF3の生成量の方がPF5よりも10倍以上も多くなることがわかる(参考文献 Superacid Chemistry、44~45ページ、Arpadmolnar他、Wiley InterScience)。
PF5+5(-O-M-)→P(-O-M-F)5 (式6)
(ただし、-O-M-は酸素原子が隣接する正極活物質の金属原子Mと結合し、その結合状態の一単位を示している。(-O-M-)の前の数字は、(-O-M-)の6個分を表している。また、-O-M-Fは、酸素原子はホウ素と結合し、金属原子は酸素原子とフッ素原子に結合している状態を意味している。ホウ素は3個の酸素原子と結合することができるため、(-O-M-F)に下付き添え字、3が付されている)。
3B2F7 -→3BF4 -+3BF3 (式8)
以上のように、ヨウ素イオンを添加することで、式5の反応が促進され、ホウ素の酸化物の生成が進行しやすくなる。また、式7によってBF3が消費されると、式2の平衡が生成系(右側)にずれるので、ヨウ素イオンは少量であっても有効に作用する。
以下、実施例を用いて詳細を説明する。
作成したこれらの電池を、開回路の状態より2時間率に相当する電流(5A)にて充電を開始し、4.2Vに到達した後に、30分の定電圧充電を行った。その後30分の休止を経て、電池電圧が3.0Vに達するまで5Aの定電流放電を行い、30分の休止を設けた。この一連のサイクルを3回行って、電池の初期エージングを終了した。この工程により、正極表面にホウ素等の酸化物被膜を形成した。最後のサイクルの放電容量(電池の定格容量)を測定したところ、電池1は10.0Ah、電池2は10.0Ah、電池3は9.5Ahであった(表1の放電容量)。
実施例1の電池1,比較例1の電池2,比較例2の電池3をそれぞれ放電状態にて、アルゴンガスを充填したグローブボックス内に移し、解体して正極を取り出した。正極の一部をジメチルカーボネート(DMC)に浸漬し、電解質を十分に除去した後に、グローブボックス内でDMCを蒸発させた。これをグローブボックスより取り出し、X線光電子分光法(XPS)にて各正極の表面組成を分析した。XPSスペクトルを図2に示す。
表2に示した電解液組成の電池について、電解液を注入した後に角型電池101の蓋103を溶接し、直ちに1時間率の高電流(10A)で充電を行った。電解液注入後から充電開始までの時間は30分とした。電池の初期エージングには、開回路の状態より1時間率に相当する電流(10A)にて充電を開始し、4.2Vに到達した後に、30分の定電圧充電を行った。充電時間は約1時間であった。その後30分の休止を経て、電池電圧が3.0Vに達するまで5A(2時間率相当の電流)の定電流放電を行い、30分の休止を設けた。この一連のサイクルを3回行って、初期エージングを終了した。最後のサイクルの放電容量を電池の初期容量(定格容量)とした。これを表2の試験4の欄に記載した。
試験4の後、電池4~8の充電時と放電時の電流を10Aに増加させ、充電電圧4.2Vでの保持時間を30分、放電終止電圧を3.0V、充電後と放電後の休止時間を30分として、充放電サイクル試験を行った。環境温度は50℃とした。100サイクル経過した電池を室温に戻し、試験1の条件に従って放電容量を測定した。その結果を表2の試験5の欄に示した。
電池4~9について、試験1と同じ条件にて初期エージングを行った。電流値は試験1と同じように0.5時間率相当の電流(5A)とした。5Aにて充電を開始し、4.2Vに達した後に、30分の定電圧充電を行った。充電時間は約2.5時間であった。その後30分の休止を経て、電池電圧が3.0Vに達するまで5Aの定電流放電を行い、30分の休止を設けた。この一連のサイクルを3回行って、初期エージングを終了した。最後に測定した放電容量を表2の試験6の欄に記載した。
試験6の後、試験5と同様の方法により、放電容量を測定した。
電池5,6,9を使用し、初期エージング条件を変え、定格容量を測定した。
その後、充電時と放電時の電流を10Aに増加させ、充電電圧4.2Vでの保持時間を30分、放電終止電圧を3.0V、充電後と放電後の休止時間を30分として、充放電サイクル試験を行った。環境温度は50℃とした。100サイクル経過した電池を室温に戻し、試験1の条件に従って放電容量を測定した。その結果を表2の試験9の欄に示した。50℃環境でのサイクル試験を行っても、LiBF4を添加することによって、試験9の放電容量は、対応する電池(電池5A,6A,9A)の試験5及び7の場合の放電容量よりも高くなる傾向が認められた。
102,402 電池容器
103,403 蓋
104,404 正極外部端子
105,405 負極外部端子
106,406 注液口
107,407 正極
108,408 負極
109,409 セパレータ
110 正極リード線
111 負極リード線
112,412 絶縁性シール材料
413,414,415,417,418,420,421 電力ケーブル
416 充放電制御器
419 外部機器
422 再生可能なエネルギーの発電装置
Claims (9)
- Mnを含む正極活物質を有する正極と、黒鉛を含む負極活物質を有する負極と、電解質を含む非水電解液を備えたリチウムイオン二次電池において、
前記電解液はLiBF4とLiPF6を含有し、かつ前記電解液に含まれるLiPF6の量がLiBF4の量よりも多く、
前記正極上には、リン及びホウ素を含む酸化物が形成されており、
前記正極上の酸化物に含まれるホウ素とリンの濃度比(B/P)が、電解液中のLiBF4とLiPF6のモル濃度比(LiBF4/LiPF6)よりも大きいことを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 請求項1に記載されたリチウムイオン二次電池において、
前記LiBF4の濃度が、前記LiPF6との合計量に対して、10~30%であることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 請求項1に記載されたリチウムイオン二次電池において、
前記電解液は、さらにヨウ化物塩を含有し、前記ヨウ化物塩の量は、前記LiBF4の量と同じもしくは少ないことを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 請求項3に記載されたリチウムイオン二次電池において、
前記ヨウ化物塩の量は、前記ヨウ化物塩と前記LiBF4およびLiPF6の合計量に対して、0.5%~5%であることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 請求項4に記載されたリチウムイオン二次電池において、
前記LiBF4の量は、前記ヨウ化物塩と前記LiBF4およびLiPF6の合計量に対して、0.5~30%であることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 請求項1または3に記載されたリチウムイオン二次電池において、
X線光電子分光法(XPS)により初期の前記正極の表面を測定したときのホウ素とリンの原子比(B/P値)が、LiPF6及びLiBF4を含む電解液に浸漬した2時間率以下の定電流で充放電サイクルを経た正極の表面を測定したときのホウ素とリンの原子比(B/P値)よりも大きいことを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 請求項1または3に記載されたリチウムイオン二次電池において、
前記正極は導電剤を含有し、前記導電材は100m2/g以上の比表面積を有することを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 請求項1または3に記載されたリチウムイオン二次電池において、
定格の充電電圧よりも低い電圧で所定時間保持する充放電サイクルにより初期エージング処理が為されていることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。 - 請求項1または3に記載されたリチウムイオン二次電池を搭載したシステム。
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KR20130122281A (ko) * | 2012-04-30 | 2013-11-07 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지용 전극 표면의 피막 분석 장치 및 이를 이용한 리튬 이차 전지용 전극 표면의 피막 분석 방법 |
EP2907183B1 (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2016-12-21 | Basf Se | Electrochemical cells |
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CN103140980B (zh) | 2016-06-22 |
US20130202957A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 |
US9214701B2 (en) | 2015-12-15 |
JP2012079603A (ja) | 2012-04-19 |
CN103140980A (zh) | 2013-06-05 |
KR20130076885A (ko) | 2013-07-08 |
JP5682209B2 (ja) | 2015-03-11 |
KR101491940B1 (ko) | 2015-02-10 |
EP2626944A1 (en) | 2013-08-14 |
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