WO2011093410A1 - 電子写真用感光体、その製造方法および電子写真装置 - Google Patents
電子写真用感光体、その製造方法および電子写真装置 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/0202—Dielectric layers for electrography
- G03G5/0205—Macromolecular components
- G03G5/0211—Macromolecular components obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/043—Photoconductive layers characterised by having two or more layers or characterised by their composite structure
- G03G5/047—Photoconductive layers characterised by having two or more layers or characterised by their composite structure characterised by the charge-generation layers or charge transport layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
- G03G5/0525—Coating methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
- G03G5/0528—Macromolecular bonding materials
- G03G5/0557—Macromolecular bonding materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsatured bonds
- G03G5/056—Polyesters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
- G03G5/0528—Macromolecular bonding materials
- G03G5/0557—Macromolecular bonding materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsatured bonds
- G03G5/0564—Polycarbonates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
- G03G5/0528—Macromolecular bonding materials
- G03G5/0557—Macromolecular bonding materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsatured bonds
- G03G5/0578—Polycondensates comprising silicon atoms in the main chain
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
- G03G5/0528—Macromolecular bonding materials
- G03G5/0592—Macromolecular compounds characterised by their structure or by their chemical properties, e.g. block polymers, reticulated polymers, molecular weight, acidity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/147—Cover layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor (hereinafter also simply referred to as “photoreceptor”), a method for producing the same, and an electrophotographic apparatus.
- the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member used for printers, copiers, fax machines, and the like, a manufacturing method thereof, and an electrophotographic apparatus.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor has a basic structure in which a photosensitive layer having a photoconductive function is provided on a conductive substrate.
- organic electrophotographic photoreceptors using organic compounds as functional components responsible for charge generation and transport have been actively researched and developed due to advantages such as material diversity, high productivity, and safety. Application to printers and printers is ongoing.
- a photoconductor needs to have a function of holding a surface charge in a dark place, a function of receiving light to generate a charge, and a function of transporting the generated charge.
- a so-called single layer type photoreceptor having a single photosensitive layer having both of these functions, a charge generation layer mainly responsible for charge generation upon light reception, and a surface charge in a dark place.
- So-called laminated type (functional separation type) photoreceptor comprising a photosensitive layer in which a functionally separated layer is laminated with a charge transporting layer that has a function of retaining the charge and a function of transporting the charge generated in the charge generation layer during light reception There is.
- the photosensitive layer is generally formed by applying a coating solution prepared by dissolving or dispersing a charge generating material, a charge transporting material and a resin binder in an organic solvent onto a conductive substrate.
- a coating solution prepared by dissolving or dispersing a charge generating material, a charge transporting material and a resin binder in an organic solvent onto a conductive substrate.
- These organic electrophotographic photoreceptors, particularly the outermost layer, are highly resistant to friction generated between the paper and the blade for removing toner, have excellent flexibility, and allow transmission of exposure.
- polycarbonate having good properties is used as a resin binder.
- bisphenol Z-type polycarbonate is widely used as the resin binder.
- a technique using such a polycarbonate as a resin binder is described in, for example, Patent Document 1.
- electrophotographic apparatuses use digital light such as argon, helium-neon, semiconductor laser, or light emitting diode as an exposure light source, and digitally process information such as images and characters and convert them into optical signals.
- digital machines in which an electrostatic latent image is formed on the surface of the photosensitive member by irradiating light on the charged photosensitive member and visualized with toner, are mainly used.
- a non-contact charging method in which a charging member such as scorotron and the photoconductor are not in contact, and a contact in which the charging member using a semiconductive rubber roller or brush contacts the photoconductor.
- the contact charging method has the advantage that less ozone is generated and the applied voltage may be lower because corona discharge occurs in the very vicinity of the photoreceptor compared to the non-contact charging method. Therefore, since it is possible to realize an electrophotographic apparatus that is more compact, low-cost, and has low environmental pollution, it is mainly used for medium-sized to small-sized apparatuses.
- scraping with a blade As means for cleaning the photoreceptor surface, scraping with a blade, a simultaneous development cleaning process, and the like are mainly used.
- cleaning with a blade untransferred residual toner on the surface of the organic photoreceptor is scraped off with the blade, and the toner may be collected in a waste toner box or returned to the developing device again.
- Such a scraper-type cleaner using a blade requires a collection box for collected toner and a space for recycling, and has a drawback in that the amount of toner in the toner collection box must be monitored.
- paper dust or external additives stay on the blade, the surface of the organic photoreceptor may be damaged, and the life of the electrophotographic photoreceptor may be shortened. Therefore, there is a case in which a toner is collected in the development process, or a process for magnetically or electrically attracting the residual toner adhering to the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor just before the development roller may be provided.
- the surface of the photoconductor may be contaminated by ozone, nitrogen oxide, or the like generated when the photoconductor is charged.
- the adhered substance reduces the lubricity of the surface, making it easier for paper dust and toner to adhere, causing blade noise, turning over, and scratches on the surface. There is.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 propose a method of adding a filler to the surface layer of the photosensitive layer in order to improve the durability of the surface of the photoreceptor.
- the presence of filler aggregates, the decrease in film permeability, or the scattering of exposure light by the filler makes charge transport and charge generation non-uniform, resulting in deterioration in image characteristics.
- there is a method of adding a dispersant but in this case, since the dispersant itself affects the photoreceptor characteristics, it is difficult to achieve compatibility with the filler dispersibility.
- Patent Document 4 proposes a method in which a fluororesin powder such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder is contained in the photosensitive layer. Further, Patent Document 5 proposes a method of adding a silicone resin such as alkyl-modified polysiloxane to the outermost layer of the photoreceptor.
- a fluororesin powder such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder
- Patent Document 5 proposes a method of adding a silicone resin such as alkyl-modified polysiloxane to the outermost layer of the photoreceptor.
- the fluororesin powder such as PTFE powder has low solubility in a solvent or poor compatibility with other resins, phase separation causes light scattering at the resin interface. Produce. Therefore, the sensitivity characteristic as a photoconductor was not satisfied.
- the method described in Patent Document 5 has a problem that the effect cannot be obtained continuously because the silicone resin bleeds to the surface of the coating film.
- Patent Document 6 proposes a method for improving the wear resistance by using a resin in which a polysiloxane structure is added to the terminal structure in the photosensitive layer.
- Patent Document 7 proposes a photoreceptor containing polycarbonate or polyarylate using phenols containing a specific siloxane structure as a raw material.
- Patent Document 8 proposes a photoreceptor containing a polysiloxane compound containing a carboxyl group in the resin structure.
- Patent Document 9 proposes a photoreceptor using polycarbonate in which a photosensitive layer contains a silicone structure to reduce surface energy.
- Patent Document 10 proposes a photoreceptor containing a polyester resin containing polysiloxane as a structural unit on the outermost surface layer of the photoreceptor. Furthermore, in Patent Document 11, a photosensitive resin using a resin composition for an electrophotographic photosensitive member containing a polycarbonate resin and a polysiloxane group-containing AB block copolymer having a specific structure as a binder resin. However, when added as a copolymer containing a polysiloxane group, this copolymer tends to segregate on the surface layer side of the photoreceptor, and it was difficult to ensure a low coefficient of friction continuously. .
- a method of forming a surface protective layer on the photosensitive layer has been proposed for the purpose of protecting the photosensitive layer, improving mechanical strength, and improving surface lubricity.
- these methods for forming the surface protective layer have problems in that it is difficult to form a film on the charge transport layer, and it is difficult to sufficiently achieve both the charge transport performance and the charge retention function.
- JP-A-61-62040 JP-A-1-205171 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-333881 JP-A-4-368953 JP 2002-162759 A JP 2002-128883 A JP 2007-199659 A JP 2002-333730 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-113670 JP-A-8-234468 JP 2009-98675 A
- an object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can keep the frictional resistance of the surface of the photosensitive drum low from the initial stage to after printing, reduce the amount of wear, and obtain a good image.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method thereof and an electrophotographic apparatus.
- the present inventors have intensively studied the resin binder used in the photosensitive layer.
- the resin binder used is a polycarbonate resin having a specific siloxane structure, which is a resin having a low friction coefficient.
- a low friction coefficient can be maintained on the surface of the photoreceptor, a low friction coefficient and a low amount of wear can be achieved, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor excellent in electrical characteristics can be realized. It came.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is represented by the following general formulas (1) and (2), in which the photosensitive layer is a resin binder in an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on a conductive substrate. It contains a polycarbonate resin having a structural unit.
- R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different, and are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- R 3 and R 4 may be the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group, or a carbon atom.
- a and b show each mol% of each structural unit (1) and (2) with respect to the total mole number of each structural unit (1) and (2).
- a in the general formula (1) is preferably 0.001 to 10 mol%.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- Y is —CR 3 R 4 —
- R 3 and R 4 are each independently Are preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- Y is —CR 3 R 4 —
- R 3 and R 4 are each methyl.
- Group and ethyl group are preferred.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- Y is a cyclohexylidene group, a single bond, or a -9,9-fluorenylidene group. It is preferable that
- the outermost layer of the photosensitive layer that is, in the case of a laminated type, the outer layer laminated, in the case of a single layer type, the single layer type photosensitive layer contains the polycarbonate resin as a resin binder.
- the photosensitive layer is a laminated type including at least a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer, and the charge transport layer includes the polycarbonate resin and a charge transport material. In this case, it is preferable that the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer are laminated on the conductive substrate in this order.
- the photosensitive layer is a single layer type, and includes the polycarbonate resin, a charge generation material, and a charge transport material.
- the charge transport material includes a hole transport material and an electron transport material.
- the photoreceptor of the present invention is preferably a laminate type in which the photosensitive layer includes at least a charge transport layer and a charge generation layer, and the charge generation layer includes the polycarbonate resin, a charge generation material, And a charge transport material.
- the charge transport layer does not necessarily include the polycarbonate resin.
- the charge transport layer and the charge generation layer are preferably laminated on the conductive substrate in this order, and the charge transport material includes a hole transport material and an electron transport material. Is preferred.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor production method of the present invention is a method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a step of forming a photosensitive layer by applying a coating solution containing at least a resin binder on a conductive substrate.
- the coating liquid contains a polycarbonate resin having a structural unit represented by the above general formulas (1) and (2) as a resin binder.
- the electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is mounted.
- the surface of the photosensitive layer can be reduced from the initial stage to after printing while maintaining the electrophotographic characteristics of the photoreceptor. It became possible to maintain the friction coefficient.
- the polycarbonate resin according to the present invention is a resin excellent in solvent crack resistance.
- the polycarbonate resin described in Patent Document 9 uses a siloxane-containing dihydric phenol, and thus has a structure in which a phenyl group is sandwiched between a carbonate structure and a siloxane structure.
- a resin structure has a problem that the resin rigidity is excessively increased, and resistance to cracking due to internal stress during film formation is reduced.
- an alcoholic hydroxyl group (hydroxyalkyl) structure is contained at both ends or one end of the siloxane site, and carbonate bonds are introduced into the resin.
- the siloxane structure and the alcoholic hydroxyl group are bonded through an ether bond.
- the polycarbonate resin according to the present invention has a structure including an ethylene portion and an ether bond, and an effect of easily relieving internal stress can be expected.
- a polycarbonate resin in which a siloxane structure is incorporated by an alcoholic hydroxyl group structure is used as a binder resin.
- the structure represented by the general formula (3) is a structure containing a one-terminal siloxane component and has a butyl group at the terminal. Therefore, by using a resin including this structure, an effect that the compatibility between the resin and the charge transport material can be controlled is obtained. Furthermore, in the structure represented by the above structural formula (3), the siloxane component is arranged in a comb shape with respect to the main chain of the resin, and therefore, the above structural formula (4) that incorporates the siloxane structure into the main chain The effect of the branched structure is obtained on the structure, and there is also an advantage that it can be used by changing the relationship between the molecular weight and the viscosity of the coating solution.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an electrophotographic apparatus according to the present invention.
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member is a so-called negatively charged laminated type photosensitive member and positively charged laminated type photosensitive member as a laminated type (function separation type) photosensitive member, and a single layer type mainly used in a positively charged type. Broadly divided into photoconductors.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a negatively charged type laminated electrophotographic photosensitive member, and (b) is a positively charged type single photosensitive member.
- a layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor shows a positively charged laminated electrophotographic photoreceptor.
- a photosensitive layer comprising an undercoat layer 2, a charge generation layer 4 having a charge generation function, and a charge transport layer 5 having a charge transport function on a conductive substrate 1.
- the layers are sequentially stacked.
- an undercoat layer 2 and a single layer type photosensitive layer 3 having both charge generation and charge transport functions are sequentially laminated on a conductive substrate 1. Yes.
- the undercoat layer 2 the charge transport layer 5 having a charge transport function, and the charge generation layer 4 having both functions of charge generation and charge transport are provided on the conductive substrate 1.
- the photosensitive layers are sequentially laminated.
- the undercoat layer 2 may be provided as necessary.
- the “photosensitive layer” is a concept including both a laminated type photosensitive layer in which a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are laminated, and a single layer type photosensitive layer.
- the conductive substrate 1 serves as a support for each layer constituting the photosensitive member as well as serving as an electrode of the photosensitive member, and may be any shape such as a cylindrical shape, a plate shape, or a film shape.
- a metal such as aluminum, stainless steel, nickel, or a material obtained by conducting a conductive treatment on the surface of glass or resin can be used.
- the undercoat layer 2 is made of a resin-based layer or a metal oxide film such as alumite.
- the undercoat layer 2 is used for controlling the charge injection property from the conductive substrate 1 to the photosensitive layer, or for covering defects on the surface of the conductive substrate, improving the adhesion between the photosensitive layer and the conductive substrate 1, etc.
- the resin material used for the undercoat layer 2 include insulating polymers such as casein, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide, melamine, and cellulose, and conductive polymers such as polythiophene, polypyrrole, and polyaniline. Alternatively, they can be used in combination as appropriate.
- These resins may be used by containing a metal oxide such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide.
- the charge generation layer 4 is formed by a method such as applying a coating solution in which particles of a charge generation material are dispersed in a resin binder, and receives light to generate charges. Further, at the same time as the charge generation efficiency is high, the injection property of the generated charges into the charge transport layer 5 is important, the electric field dependency is small, and it is desirable that the injection is good even at a low electric field.
- charge generation materials include phthalocyanines such as X-type metal-free phthalocyanine, ⁇ -type metal-free phthalocyanine, ⁇ -type titanyl phthalocyanine, ⁇ -type titanyl phthalocyanine, Y-type titanyl phthalocyanine, ⁇ -type titanyl phthalocyanine, amorphous-type titanyl phthalocyanine, and ⁇ -type copper phthalocyanine.
- phthalocyanines such as X-type metal-free phthalocyanine, ⁇ -type metal-free phthalocyanine, ⁇ -type titanyl phthalocyanine, ⁇ -type titanyl phthalocyanine, Y-type titanyl phthalocyanine, ⁇ -type titanyl phthalocyanine, amorphous-type titanyl phthalocyanine, and ⁇ -type copper phthalocyanine.
- the film thickness thereof is determined by the light absorption coefficient of the charge generation material, and is generally 1 ⁇ m or less, and preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the charge generation layer 4 can also be formed by using a charge generation material as a main component and adding a charge transport material or the like thereto.
- Resin binders include polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, polyurethane resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, phenoxy resin, polyvinyl acetal resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, polystyrene resin, polysulfone resin, diallyl phthalate resin, methacrylate ester resin These polymers and copolymers can be used in appropriate combinations.
- the charge transport layer 5 is mainly composed of a charge transport material and a resin binder.
- a polycarbonate resin having the structural units represented by the above general formulas (1) and (2) as the resin binder of the charge transport layer 5 in the case of a negatively charged laminated type photoreceptor. is there. Thereby, the desired effect of the present invention can be obtained.
- the copolymer polycarbonate resin may have other structural units.
- the blending ratio of the structural units represented by the general formulas (1) and (2) is preferably 10 to 100 mol%, particularly preferably 50 to 100 mol%, based on the entire copolymer polycarbonate resin.
- A is preferably 0.001 to 10 mol%.
- a is less than 0.001 mol%, a sufficient friction coefficient may not be obtained continuously.
- a is more than 10 mol%, sufficient film hardness cannot be obtained, and sufficient compatibility with a solvent or a functional material may not be obtained when a coating solution is prepared.
- t and s in the general formulas (3) and (4) are preferably integers of 1 to 400, and more preferably 8 to 250.
- R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (2) are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and Y is —CR 3 R 4 —. , R 3 and R 4 are preferably each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- Y is —CR 3 R 4 —
- R 3 and R 4 are each methyl.
- a group and an ethyl group are also preferred.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and Y is a cyclohexylidene group, a single bond, or a -9,9-fluorenylidene group. It is also preferable that there is. Furthermore, it is also preferable to use a polycarbonate resin which is a copolymer arbitrarily containing two or more of these suitable structural units represented by the general formula (2). Furthermore, in the present invention, R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (2) are more preferably the same.
- Examples of the siloxane structure represented by the general formula (1) contained in the copolymer polycarbonate resin used in the present invention include the molecular formula (1-1) (for example, Chisso Corporation) shown in the following Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
- Manufactured by Reactive Silicone Silaplane FM4411 (number average molecular weight 1000), FM4421 (number average molecular weight 5000), FM4425 (number average molecular weight 15000))
- molecular formula (1-2) for example, reactive silicone sila manufactured by Chisso Corporation
- Examples thereof include constituent monomers having a basic structure represented by plain FMDA11 (number average molecular weight 1000), FMDA21 (number average molecular weight 5000), FMDA26 (number average molecular weight 15000)) and the like.
- Bt represents an n-butyl group.
- copolymer polycarbonate resin according to the present invention is not limited to those having the exemplified structures.
- the copolymer polycarbonate resin having the structural units represented by the general formulas (1) and (2) may be used alone or in combination with other resins.
- other resins include bisphenol A type, bisphenol Z type, bisphenol A type-biphenyl copolymer, other various polycarbonate resins such as bisphenol Z type-biphenyl copolymer, polyarylate resin, polyphenylene resin, polyester resin, Polyvinyl acetal resin, polyvinyl butyral resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, silicone resin, polyamide resin, polystyrene resin, polyacetal resin, A polysulfone resin, a polymer of methacrylic acid ester, a copolymer thereof, and the like can be used.
- the content of the resin binder in the charge transport layer 5 is preferably 10 to 90% by mass, and more preferably 20 to 80% by mass with respect to the solid content of the charge transport layer 5. Further, the content of the copolymer polycarbonate resin according to the present invention with respect to such a resin binder is preferably in the range of 1 to 100% by mass, more preferably 5 to 100% by mass, and further preferably 5 to 80% by mass. is there.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polycarbonate resin according to the present invention is preferably 5000 to 250,000, and more preferably 10,000 to 150,000.
- charge transport material for the charge transport layer 5 various hydrazone compounds, styryl compounds, diamine compounds, butadiene compounds, indole compounds and the like can be used alone or in appropriate combination.
- charge transport material include, but are not limited to, the following (II-1) to (II-14).
- the thickness of the charge transport layer 5 is preferably in the range of 3 to 50 ⁇ m and more preferably in the range of 15 to 40 ⁇ m in order to maintain a practically effective surface potential.
- the photosensitive layer 3 in the case of a single layer type is mainly composed of a charge generation material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material (acceptor compound) and a resin binder.
- a polycarbonate resin having a structural unit represented by the above general formulas (1) and (2) as the resin binder of the photosensitive layer 3 in the case of a single layer type photoreceptor.
- charge generating material for example, phthalocyanine pigments, azo pigments, anthanthrone pigments, perylene pigments, perinone pigments, polycyclic quinone pigments, squarylium pigments, thiapyrylium pigments, quinacridone pigments and the like can be used. These charge generation materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- azo pigment disazo pigment, trisazo pigment, and perylene pigment as N, N′-bis (3,5-dimethylphenyl) -3, 4: 9,
- azo pigment disazo pigment, trisazo pigment, and perylene pigment as N, N′-bis (3,5-dimethylphenyl) -3, 4: 9
- 10-perylene-bis (carboximide) and phthalocyanine pigments metal-free phthalocyanine, copper phthalocyanine, and titanyl phthalocyanine are preferable.
- titanyl phthalocyanine having a maximum Bragg angle 2 ⁇ of 9.6 ° in the CuK ⁇ : X-ray diffraction spectrum described in US Pat. No. 5,736,282 and US Pat. No. 5,874,570 is used, sensitivity, durability and image quality are improved. The effect is remarkably improved in terms of points.
- the content of the charge generating material is preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass with respect to the solid content of the single-layer type photosensitive layer 3.
- the hole transport material for example, hydrazone compound, pyrazoline compound, pyrazolone compound, oxadiazole compound, oxazole compound, arylamine compound, benzidine compound, stilbene compound, styryl compound, poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polysilane, etc. are used. can do. Moreover, these hole transport materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a material suitable for combination with a charge generation material is preferable.
- the content of the hole transport material is preferably 3 to 80% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 60% by mass with respect to the solid content of the single-layer type photosensitive layer 3.
- Electron transport materials include succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, dibromosuccinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, 3-nitrophthalic anhydride, 4-nitrophthalic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, pyromellitic acid , Trimellitic acid, trimellitic anhydride, phthalimide, 4-nitrophthalimide, tetracyanoethylene, tetracyanoquinodimethane, chloranil, bromanyl, o-nitrobenzoic acid, malononitrile, trinitrofluorenone, trinitrothioxanthone, dinitrobenzene, Dinitroanthracene, dinitroacridine, nitroanthraquinone, dinitroanthraquinone, thiopyran compounds, quinone compounds, benzoquinone compounds, diphenoquinone compounds, naphthoquinone compounds, anthraquinone compounds, stilbes Quinone compounds, mention may be made
- the polycarbonate resin having the structural units represented by the general formulas (1) and (2) as the resin binder of the single-layer type photosensitive layer 3. Thereby, the desired effect of the present invention can be obtained.
- the copolymer polycarbonate resin include the same ones as described above.
- the polycarbonate resin having the structural unit represented by the general formulas (1) and (2) as the resin binder of the single-layer type photosensitive layer 3 may be used alone or with other resins. You may mix and use.
- Such other resins include bisphenol A type, bisphenol Z type, bisphenol A type-biphenyl copolymer, various other polycarbonate resins such as bisphenol Z type-biphenyl copolymer, polyphenylene resin, polyester resin, polyvinyl acetal resin, Polyvinyl butyral resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, silicone resin, polyamide resin, polystyrene resin, polyacetal resin, polyarylate resin, A polysulfone resin, a polymer of methacrylic acid ester, a copolymer thereof, and the like can be used.
- the same kind of resins having different molecular weights may
- the content of the resin binder is preferably 10 to 90% by mass, more preferably 20 to 80% by mass with respect to the solid content of the single-layer type photosensitive layer 3. Further, the content of the copolymer polycarbonate resin with respect to the resin binder is preferably in the range of 1% by mass to 100% by mass, and more preferably in the range of 5% by mass to 80% by mass.
- the film thickness of the single-layer type photosensitive layer 3 is preferably in the range of 3 to 100 ⁇ m and more preferably in the range of 5 to 40 ⁇ m in order to maintain a practically effective surface potential.
- the charge transport layer 5 is mainly composed of a charge transport material and a resin binder.
- the charge transporting material and the resin binder the same materials as those mentioned for the charge transporting layer 5 in the negatively charged laminated photoreceptor can be used, and there is no particular limitation. Further, the content of each material and the film thickness of the charge transport layer 5 can be the same as those of the negatively charged laminated photoreceptor.
- a positively charged laminate type photoreceptor it is not essential to use a polycarbonate resin having a structural unit represented by the above general formulas (1) and (2) as a resin binder in the charge transport layer 5. Can be used arbitrarily.
- the charge generation layer 4 provided on the charge transport layer 5 is mainly composed of a charge generation material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material (acceptor compound), and a resin binder.
- the charge generation material, the hole transport material, the electron transport material, and the resin binder the same materials as those mentioned for the single layer type photosensitive layer 3 in the single layer type photoreceptor can be used, and there is no particular limitation.
- the content of each material and the film thickness of the charge generation layer 4 can be the same as those of the single-layer type photosensitive layer 3 in the single-layer type photoreceptor.
- a polycarbonate resin having the structural units represented by the above general formulas (1) and (2) as the resin binder of the charge generation layer 4.
- this copolymer polycarbonate resin the thing similar to the above can be mentioned.
- either a laminated type or a single layer type photosensitive layer contains an antioxidant, a light stabilizer and other anti-degradation agents for the purpose of improving environmental resistance and stability against harmful light.
- Compounds used for such purposes include chromanol derivatives such as tocopherol and esterified compounds, polyarylalkane compounds, hydroquinone derivatives, etherified compounds, dietherified compounds, benzophenone derivatives, benzotriazole derivatives, thioether compounds, phenylenediamine derivatives. Phosphonic acid ester, phosphorous acid ester, phenol compound, hindered phenol compound, linear amine compound, cyclic amine compound, hindered amine compound and the like.
- the photosensitive layer may contain a leveling agent such as silicone oil or fluorine oil for the purpose of improving the leveling property of the formed film and imparting lubricity.
- a leveling agent such as silicone oil or fluorine oil
- metal oxides such as silicon oxide (silica), titanium oxide, zinc oxide, calcium oxide, aluminum oxide (alumina), zirconium oxide, etc. for the purpose of adjusting film hardness, reducing friction coefficient, and imparting lubricity
- metal sulfides such as barium sulfate and calcium sulfate, metal nitride fine particles such as silicon nitride and aluminum nitride, or fluorine resin particles such as tetrafluoroethylene resin, fluorine comb-type graft polymerization resin, etc. May be.
- other known additives can be contained as long as the electrophotographic characteristics are not significantly impaired.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention can achieve the desired effects when applied to various machine processes. Specifically, a charging process such as a contact charging method using a roller or a brush, a non-contact charging method using a corotron or scorotron, and a developing method such as a non-magnetic one component, a magnetic one component, or a two component. Sufficient effects can be obtained even in development processes such as the contact development and non-contact development methods used.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration diagram of an electrophotographic apparatus according to the present invention.
- the electrophotographic apparatus 60 of the present invention mounts the electrophotographic photoreceptor 7 of the present invention including the conductive substrate 1, the undercoat layer 2 and the photosensitive layer 300 coated on the outer peripheral surface thereof. Further, the electrophotographic apparatus 60 includes a roller charging member 21, a high-voltage power source 22 that supplies an applied voltage to the roller charging member 21, an image exposure member 23, and a developing device, which are disposed on the outer peripheral edge of the photoreceptor 7.
- a developing device 24 having a roller 241, a paper feeding member 25 having a paper feeding roller 251 and a paper feeding guide 252, a transfer charger (direct charging type) 26, and a cleaning device 27 having a cleaning blade 271; And a static elimination member 28.
- the electrophotographic apparatus 60 of the present invention can be a color printer.
- Production Example 2 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-2)) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 1 was 44.74 g and the amount of the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-2) -1 was 4.00 g. did.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-2) are shown in Table 4 below.
- Production Example 3 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-3)) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 1 was 41.09 g and the amount of the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-2) -1 was 20.00 g. did.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-3) are shown in Table 4 below.
- Production Example 4 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-4)) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 1 was 45.61 g and the amount of the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-2) -1 was 0.20 g. did.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-4) are shown in Table 4 below.
- Production Example 5 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-5)) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 1 was 46.65 g and the amount of the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-2) -1 was 0.02 g. did.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-5) are shown in Table 4 below.
- Production Example 6 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-6))
- the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-2) -1 was replaced with the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-2) -2, and the amount was changed to 10.00 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-6) are shown in Table 4 below.
- Production Example 7 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-7)) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 6 except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 6 was 44.75 g and the amount of the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-2) -2 was 20.00 g. did.
- the conditions of the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-7) are shown in Table 4 below.
- Production Example 8 (Production method of copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-8)) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 6 except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 6 was 45.61 g and the amount of the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-2) -2 was 1.00 g. did.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-8) are shown in Table 4 below.
- Production Example 9 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-9)) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 6 except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 6 was 45.65 g and the amount of the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-2) -2 was 0.1 g. did.
- the conditions of the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-9) are shown in Table 4 below.
- Production Example 10 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-10)) In Example 1 except that the compound represented by molecular formula (1-2) -1 in the production example 1 was replaced with the compound represented by molecular formula (1-2) -3 and the amount was 20.00 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner. The conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-10) are shown in Table 4 below.
- Production Example 11 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-11)) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 10 except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 10 was 44.75 g and the amount of the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-2) -3 was 40.00 g. did.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-11) are shown in Table 4 below.
- Production Example 12 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-12)) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 10 except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 10 was 45.65 g and the amount of the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-2) -3 was 0.20 g. did.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-12) are shown in Table 4 below.
- Production Example 13 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-13)) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 10 except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 10 was 45.61 g and the amount of the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-2) -3 was 2.00 g. did.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-13) are shown in Table 4 below.
- Production Example 14 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-14)) In Example 1 except that the compound represented by molecular formula (1-2) -1 in Production Example 1 was replaced with the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-1) -1, and the amount was 2.00 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner. The conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-14) are shown in Table 4 below.
- Production Example 15 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-15)) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 14, except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 14 was 44.75 g and the amount of the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-1) -1 was 4.00 g. did.
- the conditions of the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-15) are shown in Table 4 below.
- Production Example 16 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-16)) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 14 except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 14 was 45.65 g and the amount of the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-1) -1 was 0.02 g. did.
- the conditions of the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-16) are shown in Table 4 below.
- Production Example 17 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-17)) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 14 except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 14 was 45.61 g and the amount of the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-1) -1 was 0.20 g. did.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-17) are shown in Table 4 below.
- Production Example 18 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-18)) In Example 1 except that the compound represented by molecular formula (1-2) -1 in Production Example 1 was replaced with the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-1) -2 and the amount was 10.00 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner. The conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-18) are shown in Table 4 below.
- Production Example 19 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-19)) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 18 except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 18 was 44.75 g and the amount of the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-1) -2 was 20.00 g. did.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-19) are shown in Table 4 below.
- Production Example 20 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-20)) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 18 except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 18 was 45.65 g and the amount of the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-1) -2 was 0.10 g. did.
- the conditions of the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-20) are shown in Table 4 below.
- Production Example 21 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-21)) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 18 except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 18 was 45.61 g and the amount of the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-1) -2 was 1.00 g. did.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-21) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 22 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-22))
- the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-2) -1 was replaced with the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-1) -3, and the amount was changed to 30.00 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-22) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 23 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-23)) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 22 except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 22 was 45.61 g and the amount of the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-1) -3 was 3.00 g. did.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymeric polycarbonate resin (III-23) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 24 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-24)) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 22 except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 22 was changed to 45.65 g and the amount of the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-1) -3 was changed to 0.30 g. did.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-24) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 25 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-25)) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 22 except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 22 was 45.66 g and the amount of the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-1) -3 was 0.03 g. did.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-25) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 26 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-26)) Production Example 21 except that bisphenol A represented by molecular formula (4) -1 shown in the following Table 3 in Production Example 21 was replaced with the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -2 and the amount thereof was 53.62 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in No. 21. The conditions of the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-26) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 27 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-27)) Production Example 21 except that bisphenol A represented by molecular formula (4) -1 shown in the following Table 3 in Production Example 21 was replaced with the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -3, and the amount was changed to 51.22 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in No. 21. The conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-27) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 28 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-28)) Production Example 21 except that bisphenol A represented by molecular formula (4) -1 shown in the following Table 3 in Production Example 21 was replaced with the compound represented by Molecular Formula (4) -4 and the amount thereof was 48.41 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in No. 21. The conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-28) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 29 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-29)) Production Example 21 except that bisphenol A represented by Molecular Formula (4) -1 shown in Table 3 below in Production Example 21 was replaced with the compound represented by Molecular Formula (4) -5, and the amount was 37.20 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in No. 21. The conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-29) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 30 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-30)) Production Example 21 except that bisphenol A represented by molecular formula (4) -1 shown in Table 3 below in Production Example 21 was replaced with the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -6, and the amount thereof was 45.21 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in No. 21. The conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-30) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 31 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-31)) Synthesis was performed in the same manner as in Production Example 21, except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 21 was 22.81 g, and 26.81 g of the compound represented by Molecular Formula (4) -2 shown in Table 3 below was further added. Carried out. The conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-31) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 32 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-32)) Synthesis was performed in the same manner as in Production Example 21 except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 21 was 6.85 g, and 45.62 g of the compound represented by Molecular Formula (4) -2 shown in Table 3 below was added. Carried out. The conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-32) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 33 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-33)) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 21 except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 21 was 38.81 g and a compound represented by Molecular Formula (4) -2 shown in Table 3 below was further added in an amount of 8.05 g. Carried out.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-33) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 34 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-34))
- the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 31 was 22.81 g, and the compound represented by Molecular Formula (4) -2 shown in Table 3 below was replaced with the compound represented by Molecular Formula (4) -5 to 18.62 g
- the synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 31, except that was added.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-34) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 35 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-35))
- the amount of bisphenol A was 6.85 g
- 31.66 g of the compound represented by the molecular formula (4) -5 was substituted for the compound represented by the molecular formula (4) -2 shown in Table 3 below.
- the synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 31 except for the addition.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-35) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 36 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-36))
- the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 31 was 38.81 g, and the compound represented by Molecular Formula (4) -2 shown in Table 3 below was replaced with the compound represented by Molecular Formula (4) -5 to 5.59 g.
- the synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 31, except that was added.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-36) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 37 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-37))
- the amount of bisphenol A was 22.81 g, and the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -2 shown in Table 3 below was replaced with the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -6 to 22.63 g.
- the synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 31, except that was added.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymeric polycarbonate resin (III-37) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 38 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-38))
- the amount of bisphenol A was 6.85 g, and the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -2 shown in Table 3 below was replaced with 38.47 g of the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -6.
- the synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 31, except that was added.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-38) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 39 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-39))
- the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 31 was 38.81 g, and the compound represented by the molecular formula (4) -2 shown in Table 3 below was replaced with the compound represented by the molecular formula (4) -6 to 6.79 g
- the synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 31, except that was added.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-39) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 40 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-40))
- the amount of bisphenol A was 22.81 g, and the compound represented by the molecular formula (4) -2 shown in Table 3 below was replaced by 20.02 g by the compound represented by the molecular formula (4) -7.
- the synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 31, except that was added.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-40) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 41 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-41))
- the amount of bisphenol A was 6.85 g, and the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -2 shown in Table 3 below was replaced by 34.04 g of the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -7.
- the synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 31, except that was added.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-41) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 42 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-42))
- the amount of bisphenol A was 38.81 g, and the compound represented by the molecular formula (4) -2 shown in Table 3 below was replaced with 6.00 g in place of the compound represented by the molecular formula (4) -7.
- the synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 31, except that was added.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-42) are shown in Table 5 below.
- Production Example 43 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-43))
- the amount of bisphenol A was 22.81 g, and the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -2 shown in Table 3 below was replaced with 29.64 g of the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -8.
- the synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 31, except that was added.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-43) are shown in Table 6 below.
- Production Example 44 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-44))
- the amount of bisphenol A was 6.85 g, and the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -2 shown in Table 3 below was replaced by 50.39 g in place of the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -8.
- the synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 31, except that was added.
- the conditions of the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-44) are shown in Table 6 below.
- Production Example 45 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-45))
- the amount of bisphenol A was 38.81 g, and the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -2 shown in Table 3 below was replaced with 8.89 g of the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -8.
- the synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 31, except that was added.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-45) are shown in Table 6 below.
- Production Example 46 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-46)) Production Example 34 except that in Example 34, bisphenol A represented by molecular formula (4) -1 shown in Table 3 below was replaced with the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -2 and the amount was 26.84 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in 34. The conditions of the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-46) are shown in Table 6 below.
- Production Example 47 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-47)) Production Example 35 except that in Example 35, bisphenol A represented by molecular formula (4) -1 shown in Table 3 below was replaced with the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -2 and the amount was 8.05 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in 35. The conditions of the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-47) are shown in Table 6 below.
- Production Example 48 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-48)) Production Example 36 except that in Example 36, bisphenol A represented by molecular formula (4) -1 shown in Table 3 below was replaced with the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -2 and the amount was changed to 45.62 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as for 36. The conditions of the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-48) are shown in Table 6 below.
- Production Example 49 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-49)) Production Example 37 except that in Example 37, bisphenol A represented by molecular formula (4) -1 shown in Table 3 below was replaced with the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -2 and the amount was 26.84 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as 37. The conditions of the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-49) are shown in Table 6 below.
- Production Example 50 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-50)) Production Example 38 except that in Example 38, bisphenol A represented by the molecular formula (4) -1 shown in Table 3 below was replaced with the compound represented by the molecular formula (4) -2 and the amount thereof was 8.05 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Example 38. The conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-50) are shown in Table 6 below.
- Production Example 51 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-51)) Production Example 39 except that in Example 39, bisphenol A represented by molecular formula (4) -1 shown in Table 3 below was replaced with the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -2 and the amount thereof was 45.62 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in 39. The conditions of the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-51) are shown in Table 6 below.
- Production Example 52 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-52)) Production Example 40 except that bisphenol A represented by the molecular formula (4) -1 shown in Table 3 below in Production Example 40 was replaced with the compound represented by the molecular formula (4) -2 and the amount thereof was 26.84 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as for 40.
- the conditions of the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-52) are shown in Table 6 below.
- Production Example 53 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-53)) Production Example 41 except that in Example 41, bisphenol A represented by molecular formula (4) -1 shown in Table 3 below was replaced with the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -2 and the amount was 8.05 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in 41. The conditions of the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-53) are shown in Table 6 below.
- Production Example 54 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-54)) Production Example 42 except that bisphenol A represented by molecular formula (4) -1 shown in the following Table 3 in Production Example 42 was replaced with the compound represented by Molecular Formula (4) -2 and the amount was changed to 45.62 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as 42.
- the conditions of the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-54) are shown in Table 6 below.
- Production Example 55 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-55)) Production Example 40 except that in Example 40, bisphenol A represented by molecular formula (4) -1 shown in Table 3 below was replaced with the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -3 and the amount was 25.63 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as for 40. The conditions of the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-55) are shown in Table 6 below.
- Production Example 56 (Method for producing copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-56)) Production Example 41 except that bisphenol A represented by molecular formula (4) -1 shown in the following Table 3 in Production Example 41 was replaced with the compound represented by Molecular Formula (4) -3 and the amount thereof was 7.69 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in 41. The conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-56) are shown in Table 6 below.
- Production Example 57 (Production Method of Copolymerized Polycarbonate Resin (III-57)) Production Example 42 except that bisphenol A represented by molecular formula (4) -1 shown in the following Table 3 in Production Example 42 was replaced with the compound represented by Molecular Formula (4) -3 and the amount thereof was 43.58 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as 42.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymeric polycarbonate resin (III-57) are shown in Table 6 below.
- Production Example 58 (Production Method of Polycarbonate Resin (III-58)) Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that the amount of bisphenol A in Production Example 1 was 45.66 g and the reaction was carried out without adding the compound represented by Molecular Formula (1-2) -1. .
- the conditions of the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-58) are shown in Table 6 below.
- Production Example 59 (Production Method of Polycarbonate Resin (III-59)) Production Example 58 except that the amount of Bisphenol A represented by Molecular Formula (4) -1 shown in Table 3 below in Production Example 58 was replaced with the compound represented by Molecular Formula (4) -2 and the amount thereof was 53.67 g.
- the synthesis was carried out in the same manner as above.
- the conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymeric polycarbonate resin (III-59) are shown in Table 6 below.
- Production Example 60 (Production Method of Polycarbonate Resin (III-60)) Production Example 58 except that the bisphenol A represented by the molecular formula (4) -1 shown in the following Table 3 in Production Example 58 is replaced with the compound represented by the molecular formula (4) -3 and the amount thereof is 51.27 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in No.58. The conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-60) are shown in Table 6 below.
- Production Example 61 (Production Method of Polycarbonate Resin (III-61)) Production Example 58 except that in Example 58, bisphenol A represented by molecular formula (4) -1 shown in Table 3 below was replaced with the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -4, and the amount was changed to 48.46 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in No.58. The conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-61) are shown in Table 6 below.
- Production Example 62 (Production Method of Polycarbonate Resin (III-62)) Production Example 58 except that in Example 58, bisphenol A represented by molecular formula (4) -1 shown in Table 3 below was replaced with the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -5, and the amount was changed to 37.24 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in No.58. The conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymeric polycarbonate resin (III-62) are shown in Table 6 below.
- Production Example 63 (Production Method of Polycarbonate Resin (III-63)) Production Example 58 except that in Example 58, bisphenol A represented by molecular formula (4) -1 shown in Table 3 below was replaced with the compound represented by molecular formula (4) -6, and the amount was changed to 45.25 g. Synthesis was carried out in the same manner as in No.58. The conditions for the copolymerization ratio of the obtained copolymeric polycarbonate resin (III-63) are shown in Table 6 below.
- Example 1 A coating solution A is prepared by dissolving and dispersing 3 parts by mass of alcohol-soluble nylon (trade name “CM8000”, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) and 7 parts by mass of aminosilane-treated titanium oxide fine particles in 90 parts by mass of methanol. did.
- the coating solution A was dip-coated on the outer periphery of an aluminum cylinder having an outer diameter of 30 mm as the conductive substrate 1 and dried at a temperature of 100 ° C. for 30 minutes to form an undercoat layer 2 having a thickness of 3 ⁇ m.
- Y-type titanyl phthalocyanine 1 part by mass of Y-type titanyl phthalocyanine as a charge generation material and 1.5 parts by mass of a polyvinyl butyral resin (trade name “ESREC KS-1” manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a resin binder are added to 60 parts by mass of dichloromethane. Dissolve and disperse to prepare coating solution B.
- the coating solution B was dip-coated on the undercoat layer 2 and dried at a temperature of 80 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a charge generation layer 4 having a thickness of 0.25 ⁇ m.
- a coating solution C was prepared by dissolving 90 parts by mass of the compound represented by the above and 110 parts by mass of the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 as a resin binder in 1000 parts by mass of dichloromethane.
- the coating solution C was dip-coated on the charge generation layer 4 and dried at a temperature of 90 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a charge transport layer 5 having a film thickness of 25 ⁇ m.
- a negatively charged laminated type photoreceptor was produced.
- Example 2 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-2) produced in Production Example 2 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 3 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-3) produced in Production Example 3 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 4 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-4) produced in Production Example 4 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 5 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-5) produced in Production Example 5 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 6 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-6) produced in Production Example 6 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 7 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-7) produced in Production Example 7 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 8 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-8) produced in Production Example 8 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 9 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-9) produced in Production Example 9 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 10 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-10) produced in Production Example 10 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 11 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-11) produced in Production Example 11 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 12 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-12) produced in Production Example 12 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 13 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-13) produced in Production Example 13 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 14 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-14) produced in Production Example 14 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 15 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-15) produced in Production Example 15 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 16 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-16) produced in Production Example 16 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 17 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-17) produced in Production Example 17 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 18 A copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-18) produced in Production Example 18 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 19 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-19) produced in Production Example 19 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 20 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-20) produced in Production Example 20 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 21 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-21) produced in Production Example 21 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 22 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-22) produced in Production Example 22 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 23 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-23) produced in Production Example 23 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 24 A copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-24) produced in Production Example 24 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 25 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-25) produced in Production Example 25 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 26 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-26) produced in Production Example 26 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 27 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-27) produced in Production Example 27 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 28 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-28) produced in Production Example 28 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 29 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-29) produced in Production Example 29 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 30 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-30) produced in Production Example 30 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 31 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-31) produced in Production Example 31 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 32 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-32) produced in Production Example 32 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 33 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-33) produced in Production Example 33 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 34 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-34) produced in Production Example 34 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 35 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-35) produced in Production Example 35 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 36 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-36) produced in Production Example 36 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 37 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-37) produced in Production Example 37 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 38 A copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-38) produced in Production Example 38 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 39 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-39) produced in Production Example 39 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 40 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-40) produced in Production Example 40 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 41 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-41) produced in Production Example 41 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 42 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-42) produced in Production Example 42 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 43 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-43) produced in Production Example 43 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 44 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-44) produced in Production Example 44 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 45 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-45) produced in Production Example 45 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 46 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-46) produced in Production Example 46 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 47 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-47) produced in Production Example 47 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 48 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-48) produced in Production Example 48 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 49 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-49) produced in Production Example 49 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 50 A copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-50) produced in Production Example 50 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 51 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-51) produced in Production Example 51 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 52 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-52) produced in Production Example 52 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 53 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-53) produced in Production Example 53 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 54 A copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-54) produced in Production Example 54 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 55 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-55) produced in Production Example 55 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 56 A copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-56) produced in Production Example 56 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 57 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-57) produced in Production Example 57 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Example 58 A photoconductor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the Y-type titanyl phthalocyanine used in Example 1 was changed to ⁇ -type titanyl phthalocyanine.
- Example 59 The charge transport material used in Example 1 is represented by the following formula: A photoconductor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound represented by the formula (1) was used.
- Example 60 The amount of the resin (III-1) used in Example 1 was 22 parts by mass, and the coating liquid for the charge transport layer was polycarbonate Z (manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, PCZ-500, hereinafter "III-64"
- the photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 88 parts by mass of the compound was added.
- Example 61 The amount of the resin (III-1) used in Example 1 was 22 parts by mass, and polycarbonate A (Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd., S-3000, hereinafter “III-65” was used as the coating solution for the charge transport layer.
- the photosensitive member was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 88 parts by mass of the compound was added.
- Comparative Example 1 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-58) produced in Production Example 58 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Comparative Example 2 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-59) produced in Production Example 59 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Comparative Example 3 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-60) produced in Production Example 60 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Comparative Example 4 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-61) produced in Production Example 61 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Comparative Example 5 The copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-62) produced in Production Example 62 in the same manner as in Example 1. A photoconductor was prepared.
- Comparative Example 7 A photoconductor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-1) in Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was changed to polycarbonate Z (III-64).
- Comparative Example 8 A photoconductor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the copolymerized polycarbonate resin (III-1) in Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was changed to Polycarbonate A (III-65).
- Comparative Example 9 The copolymerized polycarbonate resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 used in Example 1 was converted into a polycarbonate (hereinafter referred to as “III-66”) described in [Chemical Formula 17] in Patent Document 9 (JP-A-5-113670). A photoconductor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above was changed.
- Example 62 Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-vinyl alcohol copolymer (manufactured by Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name "Solvine TA5R") as an undercoat layer on the outer periphery of an aluminum cylinder having an outer diameter of 24 mm as the conductive substrate 1
- a coating solution prepared by stirring and dissolving 0.2 parts by mass in 99 parts by mass of methyl ethyl ketone was dip coated and dried at a temperature of 100 ° C. for 30 minutes to form an undercoat layer 2 having a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the following formula as a charge generation material 1 part by weight of metal-free phthalocyanine represented by the following formula as a hole transport material, 25 parts by mass of a stilbene compound represented by the following formula, 20 parts by mass of a stilbene compound represented by the following formula as an electron transport material:
- a coating solution prepared by dissolving and dispersing 30 parts by mass of the compound represented by the above and 55 parts by mass of the resin (III-1) of Production Example 1 as a resin binder in 350 parts by mass of tetrahydrofuran is dip-coated, The film was dried at a temperature of 100 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a photosensitive layer having a film thickness of 25 ⁇ m, thereby producing a single layer type photoreceptor.
- Example 63 A photoconductor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 62 except that the metal-free phthalocyanine used in Example 62 was changed to Y-type titanyl phthalocyanine.
- Example 64 A photoconductor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 62 except that the metal-free phthalocyanine used in Example 62 was changed to ⁇ -type titanyl phthalocyanine.
- Comparative Example 10 A photoconductor in the same manner as in Example 62 except that the polycarbonate resin (III-1) in Production Example 1 used in Example 62 was replaced with the copolymer polycarbonate resin (III-58) produced in Production Example 58. Was made.
- Example 65 The following formula as a charge transport material: And 50 parts by mass of polycarbonate Z (III-64) as a resin binder were dissolved in 800 parts by mass of dichloromethane to prepare a coating solution. This coating solution was dip coated on the outer periphery of an aluminum cylinder having an outer diameter of 24 mm as the conductive substrate 1 and dried at a temperature of 120 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m.
- the following formula as a charge generating material 1.5 parts by mass of metal-free phthalocyanine represented by the following formula as a hole transport material, 10 parts by mass of a stilbene compound represented by the following formula as an electron transport material:
- the film was dip-coated and dried at a temperature of 100 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a photosensitive layer having a film thickness of 15 ⁇ m, and a positively charged laminated photoreceptor was produced.
- Comparative Example 11 A photoconductor in the same manner as in Example 65 except that the polycarbonate resin (III-1) in Production Example 1 used in Example 65 was replaced with the copolymerized polycarbonate resin (III-58) produced in Production Example 58. Was made.
- the surface property tester Heidon surface tester Type 14FW type was used to measure the lubricity of the surface of the photoconductor produced in the above examples and comparative examples.
- the photoconductors of Examples 1 to 61 and Comparative Examples 1 to 9 the photoconductor was mounted on a printer LJ4250 manufactured by HP, and 10000 sheets of A4 paper were printed, and the photoconductor after printing was evaluated for lubricity. Carried out.
- the photoconductors of Examples 62 to 65 and Comparative Examples 10 to 11 the photoconductor was mounted on a printer HL-2040 manufactured by Brother, and 10000 sheets of A4 paper were printed.
- the lubricity was evaluated. The measurement was performed by pressing a urethane rubber blade against the surface of the photosensitive member with a constant load of 20 g, and the frictional load generated by moving the blade in the longitudinal direction of the photosensitive member was measured as a frictional force.
- the photosensitive member is irradiated with 1.0 ⁇ W / cm 2 of exposure light dispersed at 780 nm using a filter for 5 seconds from the time when the surface potential becomes ⁇ 600 V.
- the exposure amount required to attenuate the light until the voltage became ⁇ 300 V was E 1/2 ( ⁇ J / cm 2 ), and the residual potential on the surface of the photosensitive member 5 seconds after the exposure was evaluated as Vr5 (V).
- the charge is set to +650 V
- the exposure light is irradiated from the time when the surface potential is +600 V
- the photoreceptors produced in Examples 1 to 61 and Comparative Examples 1 to 9 were mounted on a printer LJ4250 made by HP that was modified so that the surface potential of the photoreceptor could be measured, and the exposure part potential was evaluated. Furthermore, 10000 sheets of A4 paper were printed, the film thickness of the photoconductor before and after printing was measured, and the amount of wear ( ⁇ m) after printing was evaluated. Further, the photoconductors produced in Examples 62 to 65 and Comparative Examples 10 to 11 were mounted on a Brother printer HL-2040 modified so that the surface potential of the photoconductor could be measured, and an exposure unit The potential was evaluated. Further, 10,000 sheets of A4 paper were printed, the film thickness of the photoconductor before and after printing was measured, and the amount of wear ( ⁇ m) after printing was evaluated.
- Examples 1 to 65 a photoconductor showing good characteristics with a low coefficient of friction after initial printing and actual printing was obtained without impairing the electric characteristics of the photoconductor. I understood.
- the photoconductors of Examples 1 to 65 had good wear after printing as compared with photoconductors using other resins not containing a siloxane component, and also had good resistance to solvent cracking.
- the photoconductor of the comparative example which does not contain a siloxane component has a large coefficient of friction and may cause streak-like image defects and density reduction in the printed image.
- the photoreceptors of Comparative Examples 1 to 8, 10, and 11 had no problem in electrical characteristics, but could not achieve both a low friction coefficient and a low wear amount.
- the photoconductor of Comparative Example 9 has no problem with respect to the initial friction coefficient, but has a slightly large friction coefficient after printing, poor solvent crack resistance, and a streak-like image that seems to be caused by stress relaxation in the film. Defects were confirmed.
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Abstract
Description
(一般式(2))
一般式(1)中、Xは下記一般式(3)または(4)であり、前記ポリカーボネート樹脂が、一般式(1)で表される構造単位として、Xが下記一般式(3)であるものとXが下記一般式(4)であるものとの双方を含んでいてもよい。一般式(2)中、R1およびR2は、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、水素原子、炭素数1~12のアルキル基、ハロゲン原子、炭素数6~12の置換若しくは無置換のアリール基、または、炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基であり、cは0~4の整数であり、Yは、単結合、‐O‐、‐S‐、‐SO‐、‐CO‐、‐SO2‐または、‐CR3R4‐(R3およびR4は、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、水素原子、炭素数1~12のアルキル基、ハロゲン化アルキル基、または、炭素数6~12の置換若しくは無置換のアリール基である)、炭素数5~12の置換若しくは無置換のシクロアルキリデン基、炭素数2~12の置換若しくは無置換のα,ωアルキレン基、‐9,9‐フルオレニリデン基、炭素数6~12の置換若しくは無置換のアリーレン基、または、炭素数6~12のアリール基もしくはアリーレン基を含有する2価の基である。aおよびbは、各構造単位(1)および(2)の合計モル数に対する各構造単位(1)および(2)のそれぞれのモル%を示す。
上記のように、電子写真用感光体は、積層型(機能分離型)感光体としての、いわゆる負帯電積層型感光体および正帯電積層型感光体と、主として正帯電型で用いられる単層型感光体とに大別される。図1は、本発明の一実施例の電子写真用感光体を示す模式的断面図であり、(a)は負帯電型の積層型電子写真用感光体、(b)は正帯電型の単層型電子写真用感光体、(c)は正帯電型の積層型電子写真用感光体をそれぞれ示している。図示するように、負帯電積層型感光体においては、導電性基体1の上に、下引き層2と、電荷発生機能を備える電荷発生層4および電荷輸送機能を備える電荷輸送層5からなる感光層とが、順次積層されている。また、正帯電単層型感光体においては、導電性基体1の上に、下引き層2と、電荷発生および電荷輸送の両機能を併せ持つ単層型の感光層3とが、順次積層されている。さらに、正帯電積層型感光体においては、導電性基体1の上に、下引き層2と、電荷輸送機能を備える電荷輸送層5および電荷発生と電荷輸送との両機能を備える電荷発生層4からなる感光層とが、順次積層されている。なお、いずれのタイプの感光体においても、下引き層2は必要に応じ設ければよい。また、本発明において「感光層」とは、電荷発生層および電荷輸送層を積層した積層型感光層と、単層型感光層との両方を含む概念である。
負帯電積層型感光体において、電荷発生層4は、電荷発生材料の粒子を樹脂バインダ中に分散させた塗布液を塗布するなどの方法により形成され、光を受容して電荷を発生する。また、その電荷発生効率が高いことと同時に、発生した電荷の電荷輸送層5への注入性が重要であり、電場依存性が少なく、低電場でも注入の良いことが望ましい。電荷発生材料としては、X型無金属フタロシアニン、τ型無金属フタロシアニン、α型チタニルフタロシアニン、β型チタニルフタロシアニン、Y型チタニルフタロシアニン、γ型チタニルフタロシアニン、アモルファス型チタニルフタロシアニン、ε型銅フタロシアニンなどのフタロシアニン化合物、各種アゾ顔料、アントアントロン顔料、チアピリリウム顔料、ペリレン顔料、ペリノン顔料、スクアリリウム顔料、キナクリドン顔料等を単独、または適宜組み合わせて用いることができ、画像形成に使用される露光光源の光波長領域に応じて好適な物質を選ぶことができる。
本発明において、単層型の場合の感光層3は、主として電荷発生材料、正孔輸送材料、電子輸送材料(アクセプター性化合物)および樹脂バインダからなる。本発明において、単層型感光体とする場合の感光層3の樹脂バインダとしては、上記一般式(1)および(2)で表される構造単位を有するポリカーボネート樹脂を用いることが必要である。
正帯電積層型感光体において、電荷輸送層5は、主として電荷輸送材料と樹脂バインダとにより構成される。かかる電荷輸送材料および樹脂バインダとしては、負帯電積層型感光体における電荷輸送層5について挙げたものと同じ材料を用いることができ、特に制限はない。また、各材料の含有量や電荷輸送層5の膜厚についても、負帯電積層型感光体と同様とすることができる。なお、正帯電積層型感光体の場合には、電荷輸送層5において、樹脂バインダとしての上記一般式(1)および(2)で表される構造単位を有するポリカーボネート樹脂を用いることは必須ではなく、任意に用いることができる。
本発明の電子写真用感光体は、各種マシンプロセスに適用することにより所期の効果が得られるものである。具体的には、ローラや、ブラシを用いた接触帯電方式、コロトロン、スコロトロンなどを用いた非接触帯電方式等の帯電プロセス、および、非磁性一成分、磁性一成分、二成分などの現像方式を用いた接触現像および非接触現像方式などの現像プロセスにおいても十分な効果を得ることができる。
製造例1(共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)の製造方法)
2リットルの4口平底フラスコに、10%NaOH水溶液180mlに下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールA45.20g、および、前記分子式(1‐2)‐1で表される化合物(チッソ社製,商品名「サイラプレーンFM-4411」)2.00gを溶解させ、塩化メチレン120gと混合した。液温度を15~20℃に保ち、攪拌しながらホスゲンガスを30分かけて19.3g吹き込んだ。吹き込み後、p‐t‐ブチルフェノール0.60gを溶解した塩化メチレン5gを加え、10%NaOH水溶液27mlを加えて反応を進行させた。その後、トリエチルアミン0.74gを加えて、さらに1時間攪拌して、反応を終了させた。
製造例1中の、ビスフェノールAの量を44.74gとし、分子式(1‐2)‐1で表される化合物の量を4.00gとした以外は製造例1と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐2)の共重合比の条件を、下記表4に示す。
製造例1中の、ビスフェノールAの量を41.09gとし、分子式(1‐2)‐1で表される化合物の量を20.00gとした以外は製造例1と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐3)の共重合比の条件を、下記表4に示す。
製造例1中の、ビスフェノールAの量を45.61gとし、分子式(1‐2)‐1で表される化合物の量を0.20gとした以外は製造例1と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐4)の共重合比の条件を、下記表4に示す。
製造例1中の、ビスフェノールAの量を46.65gとし、分子式(1‐2)‐1で表される化合物の量を0.02gとした以外は製造例1と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐5)の共重合比の条件を、下記表4に示す。
製造例1中の、分子式(1‐2)‐1で表される化合物を分子式(1‐2)‐2で表される化合物に代え、その量を10.00gとした以外は製造例1と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐6)の共重合比の条件を、下記表4に示す。
製造例6中の、ビスフェノールAの量を44.75gとし、分子式(1‐2)‐2で表される化合物の量を20.00gとした以外は製造例6と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐7)の共重合比の条件を、下記表4に示す。
製造例6中の、ビスフェノールAの量を45.61gとし、分子式(1‐2)‐2で表される化合物の量を1.00gとした以外は製造例6と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐8)の共重合比の条件を、下記表4に示す。
製造例6中の、ビスフェノールAの量を45.65gとし、分子式(1‐2)‐2で表される化合物の量を0.1gとした以外は製造例6と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐9)の共重合比の条件を、下記表4に示す。
製造例1中の、分子式(1‐2)‐1で表される化合物を分子式(1‐2)‐3で表される化合物に代え、その量を20.00gとした以外は製造例1と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐10)の共重合比の条件を、下記表4に示す。
製造例10中の、ビスフェノールAの量を44.75gとし、分子式(1‐2)‐3で表される化合物の量を40.00gとした以外は製造例10と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐11)の共重合比の条件を、下記表4に示す。
製造例10中の、ビスフェノールAの量を45.65gとし、分子式(1‐2)‐3で表される化合物の量を0.20gとした以外は製造例10と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐12)の共重合比の条件を、下記表4に示す。
製造例10中の、ビスフェノールAの量を45.61gとし、分子式(1‐2)‐3で表される化合物の量を2.00gとした以外は製造例10と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐13)の共重合比の条件を、下記表4に示す。
製造例1中の、分子式(1‐2)‐1で表される化合物を分子式(1‐1)‐1で表される化合物に代え、その量を2.00gとした以外は製造例1と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐14)の共重合比の条件を、下記表4に示す。
製造例14中の、ビスフェノールAの量を44.75gとし、分子式(1‐1)‐1で表される化合物の量を4.00gとした以外は製造例14と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐15)の共重合比の条件を、下記表4に示す。
製造例14中の、ビスフェノールAの量を45.65gとし、分子式(1‐1)‐1で表される化合物の量を0.02gとした以外は製造例14と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐16)の共重合比の条件を、下記表4に示す。
製造例14中の、ビスフェノールAの量を45.61gとし、分子式(1‐1)‐1で表される化合物の量を0.20gとした以外は製造例14と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐17)の共重合比の条件を、下記表4に示す。
製造例1中の、分子式(1‐2)‐1で表される化合物を分子式(1‐1)‐2で表される化合物に代え、その量を10.00gとした以外は製造例1と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐18)の共重合比の条件を、下記表4に示す。
製造例18中の、ビスフェノールAの量を44.75gとし、分子式(1‐1)‐2で表される化合物の量を20.00gとした以外は製造例18と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐19)の共重合比の条件を、下記表4に示す。
製造例18中の、ビスフェノールAの量を45.65gとし、分子式(1‐1)‐2で表される化合物の量を0.10gとした以外は製造例18と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐20)の共重合比の条件を、下記表4に示す。
製造例18中の、ビスフェノールAの量を45.61gとし、分子式(1‐1)‐2で表される化合物の量を1.00gとした以外は製造例18と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐21)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例1中の、分子式(1‐2)‐1で表される化合物を分子式(1‐1)‐3で表される化合物に代え、その量を30.00gとした以外は製造例1と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐22)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例22中の、ビスフェノールAの量を45.61gとし、分子式(1‐1)‐3で表される化合物の量を3.00gとした以外は製造例22と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐23)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例22中の、ビスフェノールAの量を45.65gとし、分子式(1‐1)‐3で表される化合物の量を0.30gとした以外は製造例22と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐24)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例22中の、ビスフェノールAの量を45.66gとし、分子式(1‐1)‐3で表される化合物の量を0.03gとした以外は製造例22と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐25)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例21中の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物に代え、その量を53.62gとした以外は製造例21と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐26)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例21中の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐3で表される化合物に代え、その量を51.22gとした以外は製造例21と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐27)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例21中の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐4で表される化合物に代え、その量を48.41gとした以外は製造例21と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐28)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例21中の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐5で表される化合物に代え、その量を37.20gとした以外は製造例21と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐29)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例21中の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐6で表される化合物に代え、その量を45.21gとした以外は製造例21と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐30)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例21中の、ビスフェノールAの量を22.81gとし、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物をさらに26.81g加えた以外は製造例21と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐31)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例21中の、ビスフェノールAの量を6.85gとし、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物をさらに45.62g加えた以外は製造例21と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐32)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例21中の、ビスフェノールAの量を38.81gとし、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物をさらに8.05g加えた以外は製造例21と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐33)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例31中の、ビスフェノールAの量を22.81gとし、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物を分子式(4)‐5で表される化合物に代えて18.62gを加えた以外は製造例31と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐34)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例31中の、ビスフェノールAの量を6.85gとし、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物に代えて分子式(4)‐5で表される化合物を31.66g加えた以外は製造例31と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐35)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例31中の、ビスフェノールAの量を38.81gとし、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物を分子式(4)‐5で表される化合物に代えて5.59gを加えた以外は製造例31と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐36)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例31中の、ビスフェノールAの量を22.81gとし、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物を分子式(4)‐6で表される化合物に代えて22.63gを加えた以外は製造例31と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐37)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例31中の、ビスフェノールAの量を6.85gとし、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物を分子式(4)‐6で表される化合物に代えて38.47gを加えた以外は製造例31と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐38)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例31中の、ビスフェノールAの量を38.81gとし、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物を分子式(4)‐6で表される化合物に代えて6.79gを加えた以外は製造例31と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐39)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例31中の、ビスフェノールAの量を22.81gとし、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物を分子式(4)‐7で表される化合物に代えて20.02gを加えた以外は製造例31と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐40)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例31中の、ビスフェノールAの量を6.85gとし、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物を分子式(4)‐7で表される化合物に代えて34.04gを加えた以外は製造例31と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐41)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例31中の、ビスフェノールAの量を38.81gとし、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物を分子式(4)‐7で表される化合物に代えて6.00gを加えた以外は製造例31と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐42)の共重合比の条件を、下記表5に示す。
製造例31中の、ビスフェノールAの量を22.81gとし、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物を分子式(4)-8で表される化合物に代えて29.64gを加えた以外は製造例31と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐43)の共重合比の条件を、下記表6に示す。
製造例31中の、ビスフェノールAの量を6.85gとし、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物を分子式(4)‐8で表される化合物に代えて50.39gを加えた以外は製造例31と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐44)の共重合比の条件を、下記表6に示す。
製造例31中の、ビスフェノールAの量を38.81gとし、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物を分子式(4)‐8で表される化合物に代えて8.89gを加えた以外は製造例31と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐45)の共重合比の条件を、下記表6に示す。
製造例34中の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物に代え、その量を26.84gとした以外は製造例34と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐46)の共重合比の条件を、下記表6に示す。
製造例35中の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物に代え、その量を8.05gとした以外は製造例35と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐47)の共重合比の条件を、下記表6に示す。
製造例36中の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物に代え、その量を45.62gとした以外は製造例36と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐48)の共重合比の条件を、下記表6に示す。
製造例37中の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物に代え、その量を26.84gとした以外は製造例37と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐49)の共重合比の条件を、下記表6に示す。
製造例38中の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物に代え、その量を8.05gとした以外は製造例38と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐50)の共重合比の条件を、下記表6に示す。
製造例39中の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物に代え、その量を45.62gとした以外は製造例39と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐51)の共重合比の条件を、下記表6に示す。
製造例40中の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物に代え、その量を26.84gとした以外は製造例40と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐52)の共重合比の条件を、下記表6に示す。
製造例41中の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物に代え、その量を8.05gとした以外は製造例41と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐53)の共重合比の条件を、下記表6に示す。
製造例42中の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物に代え、その量を45.62gとした以外は製造例42と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐54)の共重合比の条件を、下記表6に示す。
製造例40中の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐3で表される化合物に代え、その量を25.63gとした以外は製造例40と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐55)の共重合比の条件を、下記表6に示す。
製造例41中の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐3で表される化合物に代え、その量を7.69gとした以外は製造例41と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐56)の共重合比の条件を、下記表6に示す。
製造例42中の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐3で表される化合物に代え、その量を43.58gとした以外は製造例42と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐57)の共重合比の条件を、下記表6に示す。
製造例1中の、ビスフェノールAの量を45.66gとし、分子式(1‐2)‐1で表される化合物を入れずに反応させた以外は製造例1と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐58)の共重合比の条件を、下記表6に示す。
製造例58の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐2で表される化合物に代え、その量を53.67gとした以外は製造例58と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐59)の共重合比の条件を、下記表6に示す。
製造例58中の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐3で表される化合物に代え、その量を51.27gとした以外は製造例58と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐60)の共重合比の条件を、下記表6に示す。
製造例58中の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐4で表される化合物に代え、その量を48.46gとした以外は製造例58と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐61)の共重合比の条件を、下記表6に示す。
製造例58中の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐5で表される化合物に代え、その量を37.24gとした以外は製造例58と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐62)の共重合比の条件を、下記表6に示す。
製造例58中の、下記表3に示す分子式(4)‐1で表されるビスフェノールAを分子式(4)‐6で表される化合物に代え、その量を45.25gとした以外は製造例58と同様にして、合成を実施した。得られた共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐63)の共重合比の条件を、下記表6に示す。
実施例1
アルコール可溶性ナイロン(東レ(株)製、商品名「CM8000」)3質量部と、アミノシラン処理された酸化チタン微粒子7質量部とを、メタノール90質量部に溶解、分散させて、塗布液Aを調製した。導電性基体1としての外径30mmのアルミニウム製円筒の外周に、この塗布液Aを浸漬塗工し、温度100℃で30分間乾燥して、膜厚3μmの下引き層2を形成した。
で示される化合物90質量部と、樹脂バインダとしての前記製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)110質量部とを、ジクロロメタン1000質量部に溶解して、塗布液Cを調製した。上記電荷発生層4上に、塗布液Cを浸漬塗工し、温度90℃で60分間乾燥して、膜厚25μmの電荷輸送層5を形成し、負帯電積層型感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例2で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐2)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例3で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐3)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例4で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐4)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例5で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐5)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例6で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐6)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例7で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐7)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例8で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐8)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例9で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐9)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例10で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐10)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例11で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐11)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例12で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐12)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例13で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐13)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例14で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐14)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例15で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐15)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例16で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐16)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例17で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐17)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例18で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐18)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例19で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐19)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例20で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐20)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例21で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐21)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例22で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐22)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例23で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐23)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例24で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐24)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例25で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐25)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例26で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐26)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例27で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐27)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例28で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐28)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例29で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐29)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例30で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐30)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例31で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐31)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例32で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐32)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例33で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐33)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例34で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐34)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例35で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐35)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例36で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐36)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例37で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐37)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例38で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐38)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例39で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐39)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例40で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐40)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例41で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐41)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例42で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐42)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例43で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐43)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例44で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐44)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例45で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐45)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例46で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐46)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例47で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐47)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例48で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐48)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例49で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐49)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例50で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐50)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例51で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐51)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例52で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐52)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例53で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐53)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例54で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐54)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例55で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐55)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例56で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐56)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例57で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐57)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用したY型チタニルフタロシアニンを、α型チタニルフタロシアニンに変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した樹脂(III‐1)の量を22質量部とし、電荷輸送層用の塗布液にポリカーボネートZ(三菱ガス化学(株)製,PCZ-500、以下、「III‐64」と称する)を88質量部を加えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した樹脂(III‐1)の量を22質量部とし、電荷輸送層用の塗布液にポリカーボネートA(三菱エンジニアリングプラスチック(株)製,S-3000、以下、「III‐65」と称する)を88質量部を加えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例58で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐58)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例59で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐59)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例60で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐60)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例61で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐61)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例62で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐62)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例63で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐63)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、ポリカーボネートZ(III‐64)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、ポリカーボネートA(III‐65)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例1で使用した製造例1の共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、特許文献9(特開平5‐113670号公報)中の[化17]記載のポリカーボネート(以下、「III‐66」と称する)に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
実施例62
導電性基体1としての外径24mmのアルミニウム製円筒の外周に、下引き層として、塩化ビニル‐酢酸ビニル‐ビニルアルコール共重合体(日信化学工業(株)製,商品名「ソルバインTA5R」)0.2質量部をメチルエチルケトン99質量部に攪拌溶解させて調製した塗布液を浸漬塗工し、温度100℃で30分間乾燥して、膜厚0.1μmの下引き層2を形成した。
で示される無金属フタロシアニン1質量部と、正孔輸送材料としての下記式、
で示されるスチルベン化合物25質量部と、下記式、
で示されるスチルベン化合物20質量部と、電子輸送材料としての下記式、
で示される化合物30質量部と、樹脂バインダとしての上記製造例1の樹脂(III‐1)55質量部とを、テトラヒドロフラン350質量部に溶解、分散させて調製した塗布液を浸漬塗工し、温度100℃で60分間乾燥して、膜厚25μmの感光層を形成し、単層型感光体を作製した。
実施例62で使用した無金属フタロシアニンをY型チタニルフタロシアニンとした以外は実施例62と同様の方法で、感光体を作製した。
実施例62で使用した無金属フタロシアニンをα型チタニルフタロシアニンとした以外は実施例62と同様の方法で、感光体を作製した。
実施例62で使用した製造例1のポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例58で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐58)に代えた以外は実施例62と同様の方法で、感光体を作製した。
実施例65
電荷輸送材料としての下記式、
で示される化合物50質量部と、樹脂バインダとしてのポリカーボネートZ(III‐64)50質量部とを、ジクロロメタン800質量部に溶解して、塗布液を調製した。導電性基体1としての外径24mmのアルミニウム製円筒の外周に、この塗布液を浸漬塗工し、温度120℃で60分間乾燥して、膜厚15μmの電荷輸送層を形成した。
で示される無金属フタロシアニン1.5質量部と、正孔輸送材料としての下記式、
で示されるスチルベン化合物10質量部と、電子輸送材料としての下記式、
で示される化合物25質量部と、樹脂バインダとしての前記製造例1のポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)60質量部とを、1,2‐ジクロロエタン800質量部に溶解、分散させて調製した塗布液を浸漬塗工し、温度100℃で60分間乾燥して、膜厚15μmの感光層を形成し、正帯電積層型感光体を作製した。
実施例65で使用した製造例1のポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐1)を、製造例58で製造した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂(III‐58)に代えた以外は、実施例65と同様の方法で感光体を作製した。
上述した実施例1~65および比較例1~11で作製した感光体の潤滑性および電気特性を、下記の方法で評価した。その結果を、下記の表中に示す。
表面性試験機(Heidon表面試験機Type14FW型)を用い、上記実施例および比較例にて作製された感光体表面の潤滑性を測定した。実施例1~61および比較例1~9の感光体については、感光体をHP社製のプリンターLJ4250に搭載し、A4用紙10000枚を印字して、印字後の感光体についても潤滑性の評価を実施した。また、実施例62~65および比較例10~11の感光体については、感光体をブラザー社製のプリンターHL‐2040に搭載し、A4用紙10000枚を印字して、印字後の感光体についても潤滑性の評価を実施した。測定は、ウレタン性ゴムブレードを20gの一定荷重にて感光体表面に押し付けることにより行い、感光体の長手方向にこのブレードを動かすことにより生じる摩擦での荷重を、摩擦力として計測した。
実施例1~61および比較例1~9の感光体については、温度22℃、湿度50%の環境下で、感光体の表面を暗所にてコロナ放電により-650Vに帯電せしめた後、帯電直後の表面電位V0を測定した。続いて、暗所で5秒間放置後、表面電位V5を測定し、下記計算式(1)、
Vk5=V5/V0×100 (1)
に従って、帯電後5秒後における電位保持率Vk5(%)を求めた。次に、ハロゲンランプを光源とし、フィルターを用いて780nmに分光した1.0μW/cm2の露光光を、感光体に、表面電位が-600Vになった時点から5秒間照射して、表面電位が-300Vとなるまで光減衰するのに要する露光量をE1/2(μJ/cm2)、露光後5秒後の感光体表面の残留電位をVr5(V)として評価した。また、実施例62~65および比較例10~11の感光体については、帯電を+650Vとして、露光光は表面電位が+600Vの時点から照射し、E1/2は+300Vとなるまでに要する露光量として上記と同様に評価した。
実施例1~61および比較例1~9で作製した感光体については、感光体の表面電位も測定できるように改造を施したHP製のプリンターLJ4250に搭載して、露光部電位を評価した。さらに、A4用紙10000枚を印字し、印字前後の感光体の膜厚を測定して、印字後の磨耗量(μm)について評価を実施した。また、実施例62~65および比較例10~11で作製した感光体については、感光体の表面電位も測定できるように改造を施したブラザー社製のプリンターHL‐2040に搭載して、露光部電位を評価した。さらに、A4用紙10000枚を印字し、印字前後の感光体の膜厚を測定し、印字後の磨耗量(μm)について評価を実施した。
上記実機特性の評価と同じ条件にて、実施例1~65および比較例1~11において作製した感光体を用いて10枚印字した後、各感光体をケロシンに60分間浸漬させた。その後、再度同条件下で白紙を印刷して、クラックによって生じる印字不具合(黒スジ)の有無を確認した。画像の黒スジがある場合を○、ない場合を×として示した。
2 下引き層
3 単層型感光層
4 電荷発生層
5 電荷輸送層
7 感光体
21 ローラ帯電部材
22 高圧電源
23 像露光部材
24 現像器
241 現像ローラ
25 給紙部材
251 給紙ローラ
252 給紙ガイド
26 転写帯電器(直接帯電型)
27 クリーニング装置
271 クリーニングブレード
28 除電部材
60 電子写真装置
300 感光層
Claims (10)
- 導電性基体上に感光層を有する電子写真用感光体において、前記感光層が樹脂バインダとして、下記一般式(1)および(2)で表される構造単位を有するポリカーボネート樹脂を含有することを特徴とする電子写真用感光体。
(一般式(1)中のXは下記一般式(3)または(4)であり、前記ポリカーボネート樹脂が、一般式(1)で表される構造単位として、Xが下記一般式(3)であるものとXが下記一般式(4)であるものとの双方を含んでいてもよい。一般式(2)中、R1およびR2は、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、水素原子、炭素数1~12のアルキル基、ハロゲン原子、炭素数6~12の置換若しくは無置換のアリール基、または、炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基であり、cは0~4の整数であり、Yは、単結合、‐O‐、‐S‐、‐SO‐、‐CO‐、‐SO2‐または、‐CR3R4‐(R3およびR4は、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、水素原子、炭素数1~12のアルキル基、ハロゲン化アルキル基、または、炭素数6~12の置換若しくは無置換のアリール基である)、炭素数5~12の置換若しくは無置換のシクロアルキリデン基、炭素数2~12の置換若しくは無置換のα,ωアルキレン基、‐9,9‐フルオレニリデン基、炭素数6~12の置換若しくは無置換のアリーレン基、または、炭素数6~12のアリール基もしくはアリーレン基を含有する2価の基である。aおよびbは、各構造単位(1)および(2)の合計モル数に対する各構造単位(1)および(2)のそれぞれのモル%を示す。)
(一般式(3)および(4)中、tおよびsは1以上の整数を示す。) - 前記一般式(1)中のaが0.001~10モル%である請求項1記載の電子写真用感光体。
- 前記一般式(2)中の、R1およびR2がそれぞれ独立に水素原子またはメチル基であり、かつ、Yが‐CR3R4‐であって、R3およびR4がそれぞれ独立に水素原子またはメチル基である請求項1記載の電子写真用感光体。
- 前記一般式(2)中の、R1およびR2がそれぞれ独立に水素原子またはメチル基であり、かつ、Yがシクロヘキシリデン基である請求項1記載の電子写真用感光体。
- 前記一般式(2)中の、R1およびR2がそれぞれ独立に水素原子またはメチル基であり、かつ、Yが単結合である請求項1記載の電子写真用感光体。
- 前記一般式(2)中の、R1およびR2がそれぞれ独立に水素原子またはメチル基であり、かつ、Yが‐CR3R4‐であって、R3およびR4がそれぞれメチル基およびエチル基である請求項1記載の電子写真用感光体。
- 前記一般式(2)中の、R1およびR2がそれぞれ独立に水素原子またはメチル基であり、かつ、Yが‐9,9‐フルオレニリデン基である請求項1記載の電子写真用感光体。
- 前記ポリカーボネート樹脂が、R1およびR2がそれぞれ独立に水素原子またはメチル基であり、かつ、Yが‐CR3R4‐であって、R3およびR4がそれぞれ独立に水素原子またはメチル基である前記一般式(2)で表される構造単位、R1およびR2がそれぞれ独立に水素原子またはメチル基であり、かつ、Yがシクロヘキシリデン基である前記一般式(2)で表される構造単位、R1およびR2がそれぞれ独立に水素原子またはメチル基であり、かつ、Yが単結合である前記一般式(2)で表される構造単位、R1およびR2がそれぞれ独立に水素原子またはメチル基であり、かつ、Yが‐CR3R4‐であって、R3およびR4がそれぞれメチル基およびエチル基である前記一般式(2)で表される構造単位、および、R1およびR2がそれぞれ独立に水素原子またはメチル基であり、かつ、Yが‐9,9‐フルオレニリデン基である前記一般式(2)で表される構造単位、のうちの2種以上を含む共重合物である請求項1記載の電子写真用感光体。
- 導電性基体上に、少なくとも樹脂バインダを含む塗布液を塗布して感光層を形成する工程を包含する電子写真用感光体の製造方法において、
前記塗布液中に、樹脂バインダとして、下記一般式(1)および(2)で表される構造単位を有するポリカーボネート樹脂を含有させたことを特徴とする電子写真用感光体の製造方法。
(一般式(1)中のXは下記一般式(3)または(4)であり、前記ポリカーボネート樹脂が、一般式(1)で表される構造単位として、Xが下記一般式(3)であるものとXが下記一般式(4)であるものとの双方を含んでいてもよい。一般式(2)中、R1およびR2は、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、水素原子、炭素数1~12のアルキル基、ハロゲン原子、炭素数6~12の置換若しくは無置換のアリール基、または、炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基であり、cは0~4の整数であり、Yは、単結合、‐O‐、‐S‐、‐SO‐、‐CO‐、‐SO2‐または、‐CR3R4‐(R3およびR4は、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、水素原子、炭素数1~12のアルキル基、ハロゲン化アルキル基、または、炭素数6~12の置換若しくは無置換のアリール基である)、炭素数5~12の置換若しくは無置換のシクロアルキリデン基、炭素数2~12の置換若しくは無置換のα,ωアルキレン基、‐9,9‐フルオレニリデン基、炭素数6~12の置換若しくは無置換のアリーレン基、または、炭素数6~12のアリール基もしくはアリーレン基を含有する2価の基である。aおよびbは、各構造単位(1)および(2)の合計モル数に対する各構造単位(1)および(2)のそれぞれのモル%を示す。)
(一般式(3)および(4)中、tおよびsは1以上の整数を示す。) - 請求項1記載の電子写真用感光体を搭載したことを特徴とする電子写真装置。
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