WO2011032329A1 - 用于防除连作香蕉巴拿马枯萎病的拮抗菌及其微生物有机肥料 - Google Patents

用于防除连作香蕉巴拿马枯萎病的拮抗菌及其微生物有机肥料 Download PDF

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WO2011032329A1
WO2011032329A1 PCT/CN2009/074973 CN2009074973W WO2011032329A1 WO 2011032329 A1 WO2011032329 A1 WO 2011032329A1 CN 2009074973 W CN2009074973 W CN 2009074973W WO 2011032329 A1 WO2011032329 A1 WO 2011032329A1
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njn
microbial
positive
organic fertilizer
fermentation
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PCT/CN2009/074973
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English (en)
French (fr)
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沈其荣
何欣
黄启为
杨兴明
沈标
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南京农业大学
江苏新天地生物肥料工程中心有限公司
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Application filed by 南京农业大学, 江苏新天地生物肥料工程中心有限公司 filed Critical 南京农业大学
Priority to US12/747,500 priority Critical patent/US8518428B2/en
Priority to EP09801368.3A priority patent/EP2479253B1/en
Priority to KR1020107013076A priority patent/KR101016859B1/ko
Priority to AU2009292604A priority patent/AU2009292604B2/en
Publication of WO2011032329A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011032329A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00Other organic fertilisers
    • C05F11/08Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/10Animals; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/20Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/22Bacillus
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/205Bacterial isolates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12RINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/07Bacillus
    • C12R2001/125Bacillus subtilis ; Hay bacillus; Grass bacillus
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • Antagonistic antibacterial and microbial organic fertilizer for controlling continuous banana banana blight
  • the invention relates to an antagonistic antibacterial agent and a microbial organic fertilizer thereof for controlling continuous banana banana blight, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural intensive production. Background technique
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an antagonistic antibacterial agent and a microbial organic fertilizer for controlling continuous banana banana blight, which has high control effect and an increase in production function, so that the banana continuous cropping soil is biologically repaired, and the smooth development of intensive agriculture is ensured.
  • the antagonistic bacteria NJN-6 and NJN-11 used to control the continuous banana banana blight are all Bacillus subtilis, deposited on July 9, 2009 in China.
  • the Commission's general microbiology center, NJN-6 strain storage number is CGMCC NO.3183, NJN-11 strain storage number is CGMCC NO.3184;
  • the main biological characteristics of NJN-6 strain are Gram stain positive G + , cells are rod-shaped, terminal spores, facultative anaerobic growth, contact enzyme positive, oxidase negative, VP. reaction positive, methyl red test Negative, fermented glucose produces acid without gas, fermenting fructose to produce acid, no fermentation of xylose, L-arabinose, mannitol, can use citrate, nitrate reductase positive, starch hydrolysis positive, gelatin hydrolysis positive, decomposition Casein positive;
  • the main biological characteristics of NJN-11 strain are Gram stain positive G + , cells are rod-shaped, terminal spores, facultative anaerobic growth, contact enzyme positive, oxidase negative, VP. reaction positive, methyl red test Positive, fermented glucose, fructose acid production does not produce gas, does not ferment xylose, L-arabinose, mannitol, can use citrate, nitrate reductase positive, starch hydrolysis positive, gelatin hydrolysis positive, decomposition casein positive.
  • the microbial organic fertilizer produced by the above-mentioned antagonistic antibacterial agent for controlling banana banana wilt the microbial organic fertilizer containing more than 1 8 8 NJN-6 and 1 10 8 or more NJN-1 total nitrogen content mass ratio It is 4 to 5%, the total nitrogen ratio is more than 90% organic nitrogen, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient mass ratio is 6 to 10%, and the organic matter content is 30 to 35%.
  • the antagonistic bacteria NJN-6 and NJN-11 are separately subjected to liquid fermentation production, and the fermentation production conditions are as follows: the culture solution is PDA, pH 6.0 to 7.0, and the fermentation temperature ranges from 30 to 35 ° C.
  • the stirring speed is 180 ⁇ 300 rpm, the fermentation time is 48 hr., the bacteria or spore content of the fermentation broth is 1 X 10 1Q /ml;
  • the preparation method of the PDA culture solution is (to prepare 1L medium as an example): 200 g of potato peeled, cut into small pieces and put in water, boil, boil for 30 min, then filter with four layers of medical gauze, add 20 g of ordinary sucrose to the filtrate, dilute to 1000 ml, adjust the pH to 7.2-7.4 Sterilize at 121 ° C for 20 min.
  • the antagonistic bacteria NJN-6 According to the microbial decomposition mixture of pig manure compost and rapeseed meal, the antagonistic bacteria NJN-6 The solid microbial agent and the NJN-11 solid microbial agent are mixed according to a volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a solid mixed microbial agent of the microbial decomposition mixture of the solid mixed bacteria agent of the pig manure compost and the rapeseed meal;
  • the microbial organic fertilizer can be used exclusively for the biological control of Panama blight.
  • the fertilizer product contains specific high-efficiency strains NJN-6 and NJN-11 which inhibit the growth of banana banana wilt pathogenic fungi, and its inhibitory effect is very remarkable.
  • the test results show that the control rate of banana wilt is more than 80%.
  • banana banana blight can be controlled below 5% (Table 2), if consecutive years This application can effectively control the occurrence of blight.
  • the fertilizer is organic fertilizer, rich in organic matter (30 ⁇ 35%), organic nitrogen content is 4%, and most of them are amino acids and small molecule polypeptides.
  • the total phosphorus content of this product is 4%, and the bioavailability is particularly high. After using this product, the crop can be smoothly passed through the phosphorus sensitive period of seedling stage.
  • the microbial organic fertilizer can be used in nutrient meal or in field. It not only has the function of organic fertilizer, but also contains antagonistic bacteria through various biocontrol mechanisms to achieve the effect of preventing banana wilt.
  • T1 chemical fertilizer control
  • T3 organic fertilizer containing NJN-6
  • T1 is chemical fertilizer control
  • T4 is organic fertilizer containing NJN-11
  • Fig. 5 Potent antagonism of mixed fertilizer of NJN-6 strain and NJN-11 strain
  • T 1 is a chemical fertilizer control
  • T5 is an organic fertilizer containing both NJN-6 and NJN-11).
  • Antagonistic strains and pathogens after primary screening were taken and tested on PDA plates for re-screening.
  • a plate of pathogenic bacteria was excavated from the plate full of pathogens using a puncher (5 mm) to the center of the PDA plate, and cultured in a 28 °C incubator.
  • Id 24h
  • sterilized toothpicks were inoculated with the sterilized toothpick 2cm around the pathogen, and cultured at 28 °C for 3 ⁇ 5d, and the inhibition of the antagonistic bacteria against the pathogen was observed.
  • the antagonistic effects of the strain NJN-6 and the strains NJN-11, NJN-6 and NJN-11 were screened as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, respectively.
  • NJN-6 strain and NJN- 11 strains were identified as Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) 0 NJN-6 strain mainly biological properties Gram positive G +, rod-shaped cells, endospores side, facultative anaerobic Oxygen growth, contact enzyme positive, oxidase negative, VP. reaction positive, methyl red test negative, fermented glucose acid production does not produce gas, fermented fructose acid production gas, does not ferment xylose, L-arabinose, mannitol, Can use citrate, nitrate reductase positive, starch hydrolysis positive, gelatin hydrolysis positive, decomposition casein positive;
  • the main biological characteristics of NJN-11 strain are Gram stain positive G + , cells are rod-shaped, terminal spores, facultative anaerobic growth, contact enzyme positive, oxidase negative, VP. reaction positive, methyl red test Positive, fermented glucose, fructose acid production does not produce gas, does not ferment xylose, L-arabinose, mannitol, can use citrate, nitrate reductase positive, starch hydrolysis positive, gelatin hydrolysis positive, decomposition casein positive.
  • the antagonistic bacteria NJN-6 and NJN-11 were respectively inoculated into PDA culture solution for liquid fermentation production.
  • the fermentation production conditions were: pH 6.0 ⁇ 7.0, fermentation temperature range 24 ⁇ 37 °C, stirring speed was 180 ⁇ 300 rpm, fermentation time is 48hr., the amount of bacteria or spores in the fermentation broth is 1 X 10 1Q /ml; the preparation method of PDA culture solution is (to prepare 1L medium as an example): 200 g After peeling the potatoes, cut them into small pieces and put them in water. Cook for 30 minutes after boiling. Then filter with four layers of medical gauze. Add 20 g of ordinary sucrose to the filtrate, and dilute to 1000 ml. Adjust the pH to 7.2-7.4, 121 Sterilize at °C for 20 min.
  • the preparation method of the microbial decomposition mixture of the rapeseed meal is (publicly known, see the invention patent ZL200610086126.0, the biological preparation method of the agricultural amino acid and the fertilizer product thereof), and the fermentation liquid of the strain 37-1 is added to the vegetable raw material, and the adjustment is carried out.
  • the open solid fermentation is carried out at a water content of 55-65% and a pH of 6.0-7.5.
  • the fermentation temperature rises to 50 °C
  • the pile is immediately turned over, and then piled up every day to keep the heap temperature at 35-50 °C.
  • the pH of the heap will rise continuously after the start of solid fermentation.
  • the water content and pH will be adjusted with acid-containing liquid each time it is turned over, so that they are maintained at 55-65% and 6.0-7.0, respectively.
  • the acid-containing liquid is sprayed until the pH of the heap is adjusted to about 5.0, and then dried at a low temperature or naturally dried, which is a microbial decomposition mixture of the vegetable meal (a mixed material containing amino acids).
  • the antagonistic bacteria NJN-6 solid fungicide and NJN-11 solid fungicide were mixed at a volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a solid mixed bacterial agent for pig manure composting.
  • the solid single-bacteria and mixed bacteria in the pig manure compost are mixed with the solid single-bacteria and mixed bacteria of the vegetable microbial enzymatic mixture at a volume ratio of 30% by 30% by volume, and After 2-3 days of post-cooking, turn over 2 times during the post-cooking process, and finally evaporate the water content of the microbial organic fertilizer to less than 30% under the condition that the temperature does not exceed 60 °C, and obtain a single sheet that can prevent the continuous banana banana blight.
  • Microbial organic fertilizer containing strain NJN-6, strain NJN-11, respectively
  • mixed microbial organic fertilizer containing bacteria NJN-6 and NJN-11).
  • the mixed microbial organic fertilizer (special microbial organic fertilizer for controlling banana banana blight) contains NJN-6 and NJN-11 of IX 10 8 /g or more, and the total nitrogen content is 4 to 5% by mass, and the total nitrogen mass is More than 90% is organic nitrogen, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient mass ratio is 6 to 10%, and the organic matter content is 30 to 35%.
  • the test consists of 4 treatments: T1-control, no application of microbial organic fertilizer; T3-administration of single-bacterial microorganisms Organic fertilizer (including NJN-6 strain); T4-administered single-microbial organic fertilizer (including NJN-11 strain); T5-administered compound microbial organic fertilizer (containing NJN-6 strain and NJN-11 strain).
  • Microbial organic fertilizer dosage When banana is planted, it should be applied at 2% of soil weight (the soil used for seedling cultivation is healthy soil). When the banana grows to the fifth true leaf, it is transplanted into banana continuous soil, which is used as soil. It is also applied in an amount of 2% by weight of the soil. The amount of NPK used in all treatments was consistent and routinely managed. Then, the incidence was observed, the incidence rate was recorded, and it was confirmed whether the antagonistic strain had the effect of inhibiting the banana blight of banana.
  • Tl CK (fertilizer); T3: anti-banana banana wilt disease-specific antagonistic bacteria (NJN-6) single-microbial organic fertilizer; T4: anti-banana banana wilt disease-specific antagonistic bacteria (NJN-11) single-bacterial microorganism Organic fertilizer; T5: NJN-6 and NJN-11 strain mixed with microbial organic fertilizer; all tested soils are banana continuous soil
  • the special microbial organic fertilizer for controlling banana banana wilt is applied simultaneously by nutrient seedlings and transplanting fields.
  • the amount of microbial organic fertilizer is as follows: The application rate of nutrient seedlings is 1.5%, and the transplanting is large.
  • the application rate of Tianshi is 1.5kg per plant (225kg/mu). The results showed that banana pancreas can be controlled below 5% in fields that have been severely ill (more than 15% in the season) (Table 3).
  • the simultaneous application of microbial organic fertilizer in the nursery and nursery fields can increase the income of the banana farmers by 3,424 yuan/mu, and the cost of the microbial organic fertilizer is 517.5 yuan/mu, and the banana farmers can also get 2906.5 yuan. / acre, making it possible to apply this microbial organic fertilizer over a large area.
  • the amount of microbial organic fertilizer used for banana banana blight is 1.5%, and the applied amount of transplanted field is 1.5kg per plant (225kg/mu)
  • the patent of the present invention starts from the key issue of the microflora (Table 2), and develops a microbial organic fertilizer product which can significantly eliminate the banana crop continuous cropping of Panama blight, and the biological control rate is over 80%.
  • the mechanism of action of the fertilizer product is that the effective carbon and the effective nitrogen source in the fertilizer product provide a good condition for the cultivation of the functional bacteria microflora in the product, so that the microorganism of the exogenous beneficial function microorganism is rapidly established and Food chain;
  • this fertilizer product contains high levels of organic nitrogen and organic phosphorus. These nutrients are very beneficial to the growth of banana crops in continuous cropping soil, which greatly improves the stand-up rate and resistance of banana crops.

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Description

用于防除连作香蕉巴拿马枯萎病的拮抗菌及其微生物有机肥料 技术领域
本发明涉及用于防除连作香蕉巴拿马枯萎病的拮抗菌及其微生物有机肥 料, 属于农业集约化生产技术领域。 背景技术
自 2001年在我国第一次发现连作香蕉巴拿马枯萎病后, 该土传连作病害 迅速蔓延, 目前在我国香蕉主要生产区 (海南省、 广东省、 广西壮族自治区) 越来越严重, 正在成为香蕉生产的瓶颈。 连作香蕉巴拿马枯萎病是由病原真 菌 (尖孢镰刀菌第 4小种) 引起的, 在连作 4茬时就开始出现, 连作 6茬以 后越发严重。 如果没有防治该病害的方法与途径, 再过 5-10年中国就难以生 产香蕉, 这对中国的香蕉业和人民的生活将产生很大影响。 我们的研究结果 表明, 连作作物枯萎病的关键问题不是养分缺乏或不平衡, 也不是土壤次生 盐渍化问题, 而是土壤中的微生物区系及其次生物质的致毒问题。
另一方面, 水稻、 小麦、 玉米、 油菜等作物秸秆就地焚烧、 规模化养殖 后的畜禽粪便随地弃置等不仅严重污染了环境, 也极大地浪费了能作为有机 肥和生物有机肥产品的原料; 大量的养分资源(C、 N、 P、 K、 S及微量元素) 流失于土壤-植物系统之外, 明显地削弱了我国农业可持续发展的能力。 如何 将从土壤中因作物收获而取走的营养元素最大限度地归还到土壤中去, 唯一 的途径就是将这些固体有机废弃物制成商品有机肥料再施入土壤。 如果将这 些固体有机废弃物经过高温发酵合成高品位的有机堆肥, 再用于功能菌的载 体, 所制成的微生物有机肥料功能明确, 将会有很好的应用前景。 发明内容
技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供用于防除连作香蕉巴拿马枯萎病的拮抗菌及其微 生物有机肥料, 防效高, 并且有增产功能, 使香蕉连作障碍土壤得到生物修 复, 确保集约化农业的顺利发展。
技术方案
用于防除连作香蕉巴拿马枯萎病的拮抗菌 NJN-6和 NJN-11 , 均属枯草芽 孢杆菌 Bacillus subtilis ) , 2009年 7月 9日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理 委员会普通微生物中心, NJN-6菌种保藏号为 CGMCC NO.3183 , NJN-11的 菌种保藏号为 CGMCC NO.3184;
NJN-6菌株的主要生物学特性为革兰氏染色阳性 G+, 细胞为杆状, 端生 芽孢, 兼性厌氧生长, 接触酶阳性、 氧化酶阴性、 VP.反应阳性, 甲基红试验 阴性,发酵葡萄糖产酸不产气,发酵果糖产酸产气,不发酵木糖、 L-阿拉伯糖、 甘露醇, 可以利用柠檬酸盐, 硝酸还原酶阳性, 淀粉水解阳性, 明胶水解阳 性, 分解酪蛋白阳性;
NJN-11菌株的主要生物学特性为革兰氏染色阳性 G+, 细胞为杆状, 端生 芽孢, 兼性厌氧生长, 接触酶阳性、 氧化酶阴性、 VP.反应阳性, 甲基红试验 阳性, 发酵葡萄糖、 果糖产酸不产气, 不发酵木糖、 L-阿拉伯糖、 甘露醇, 可 以利用柠檬酸盐, 硝酸还原酶阳性, 淀粉水解阳性, 明胶水解阳性, 分解酪 蛋白阳性。
用上述防除连作香蕉巴拿马枯萎病的拮抗菌所生产的微生物有机肥料, 该微生物有机肥料中含有 1 108个^ 以上的 NJN-6 和 1 108个^ 以上的 NJN-1 全氮含量质量比为 4〜5%, 全氮中质量比 90%以上为有机氮, 总氮 磷钾养分质量比为 6〜10%、 有机质含量质量比为 30〜35%。
所述微生物有机肥料的生产方法, 其特征为:
( 1 ) 将所述的拮抗菌 NJN— 6和 NJN— 11, 分别进行液体发酵生产, 其 发酵生产的条件为: 培养液为 PDA, pH6.0〜7.0, 发酵温度范围 30〜35°C, 搅拌速度为 180〜300转 /分钟, 发酵时间为 48hr., 发酵液的含菌或芽孢量 1 X 101Q个 /ml; 所用 PDA培养液配制方法为(以配制 1L培养基为例): 用 200 g土豆削皮后切成小块放到水里煮, 沸腾后煮 30 min, 接着用四层医用纱布过 滤, 滤液加 20 g普通蔗糖, 定容至 1000 ml, pH值调至 7.2-7.4, 121°C灭菌 20 min。
(2) 分别将 NJN— 6和 NJN— 11发酵液按 50 L/吨的量接种到腐熟的猪 粪堆肥和菜粕的微生物分解混合物中进行固体发酵, 发酵过程中每天翻堆 1 次, 温度不超过 50°C, 发酵 5天, 发酵结束后拮抗菌 NJN— 6和 NJN— 11含 量均达到 1 X 108个 /g以上, 获得拮抗菌 NJN— 6的猪粪堆肥固体菌剂、 菜粕 的微生物分解混合物固体菌剂和 NJN— 11 的两种固体菌剂。 所用腐熟的猪粪 堆肥发芽指数为 98%以上, 有机质含量 35%, 有机氮含量为 1.2-2%, 含水 量 25-30%。
(3 ) 按猪粪堆肥、 菜粕的微生物分解混合物两类分别将拮抗菌 NJN— 6 固体菌剂和 NJN— 11固体菌剂按照体积比 1 : 1混合, 获得猪粪堆肥的固体混 合菌剂和菜粕的微生物分解混合物的固体混合菌剂;
(4) 再将猪粪堆肥的固体混合菌剂与菜粕微生物酶解混合物的固体混合 菌剂按体积比 50-70%: 30-50%的比例充分混合, 并后熟 2-3天, 后熟过程中 翻堆 2次, 最后在温度不超过 60°C的条件下将微生物有机肥的含水量蒸发至 30%以下, 包装出厂即为能防治连作香蕉巴拿马枯萎病的微生物有机肥。
所述微生物有机肥料可专用于巴拿马枯萎病的生物防治。
有益效果
本发明与目前市场上的有机肥料产品相比具有如下优点:
1 ) 该肥料产品中含有抑制香蕉巴拿马枯萎病原真菌生长的专一性高效菌 株 NJN-6和 NJN-11 , 其抑制效果非常显著。 试验结果表明, 香蕉枯萎病的防 治率达到 80%以上, 在已经严重发病 (当季发病率 15%以上) 的田块上, 香 蕉巴拿马枯萎病可以控制在 5%以下(表 2), 如果连年这样施用, 可以有效控 制枯萎病的发生。
2)该肥料为有机肥, 含有丰富的有机质(30〜35%), 有机氮含量为 4%, 而且大部分为氨基酸和小分子多肽。 本产品总磷含量为 4%, 而且生物有效性 特别高, 使用本产品后能使作物顺利度过苗期磷素敏感期。
3 ) 由于是生物菌株制剂, 完全没有因化学农药的使用所带来的一系列问 题, 因而有利于蔬菜的无公害生产, 农民可以不用或减少其他防治疫病化学 农药的用量, 这不仅可为农民节省开支, 而且有利于农产品的出口。 同时, 该微生物肥料还有增产功能, 可为农民增加收入。
4) 该微生物有机肥可以在营养钵使用, 也可以在大田使用, 不仅具有有 机肥的功能, 而且其中所含的拮抗菌通过多种生防机制起作用, 从而达到防 治香蕉枯萎病的效果。 附图说明
图 1 NJN-6菌株的拮抗效果
图 2 NJN-11菌株的拮抗效果
图 3. NJN-6菌株的盆载拮抗效果
(注: T1为化肥对照, T3为含有 NJN-6的有机肥)
图 4.NJN-11菌株的盆载拮抗效果
(注: T1为化肥对照, T4为含有 NJN-11的有机肥) 图 5 NJN-6菌株和 NJN- 11菌株混合肥料的盆载拮抗效果
(注: T 1为化肥对照, T5为同时含有 NJN-6和 NJN- 11的有机肥) 具体实施方式:
(一) 拮抗菌株的分离
拮抗菌株的初筛: 采集香蕉连作田块中健康香蕉的根际土壤, 采用 PDA+NA加入病原菌尖孢镰刀菌 (; Fusarium oxysporum)第 4小种 (来自中国 普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心) 孢子悬液的双层平板初筛拮抗菌株, 初筛共 获得 11株拮抗菌株, 将菌种冻干一 20°C保存, 用于进一步筛选。
拮抗菌株的复筛: 取初筛后的拮抗菌株和病原菌, 在 PDA平板上进行对 峙试验, 进行复筛。 用打孔器 (5mm ) 从长满病原菌的平板上挖取一块病原 菌菌块至 PDA平板中央, 置于 28 °C培养箱中培养。 Id ( 24h )后在 PDA平板 中央, 距病原菌块四周 2cm处用灭菌牙签接种待测拮抗菌, 28 °C培养 3〜5d, 观察测试拮抗菌菌落对病原菌的抑制情况。 最终筛选得到菌株 NJN-6和菌株 NJN- 11 , NJN-6菌株和 NJN- 11菌株的拮抗效果分别见图 1和图 2。
(二) 拮抗菌株的鉴定
NJN-6菌株和 NJN- 11菌株均鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌 (Bacillus subtilis ) 0 NJN-6菌株的主要生物学特性为革兰氏染色阳性 G+, 细胞为杆状, 端生 芽孢, 兼性厌氧生长, 接触酶阳性、 氧化酶阴性、 VP.反应阳性, 甲基红试验 阴性,发酵葡萄糖产酸不产气,发酵果糖产酸产气,不发酵木糖、 L-阿拉伯糖、 甘露醇, 可以利用柠檬酸盐, 硝酸还原酶阳性, 淀粉水解阳性, 明胶水解阳 性, 分解酪蛋白阳性;
NJN- 11菌株的主要生物学特性为革兰氏染色阳性 G+, 细胞为杆状, 端生 芽孢, 兼性厌氧生长, 接触酶阳性、 氧化酶阴性、 VP.反应阳性, 甲基红试验 阳性, 发酵葡萄糖、 果糖产酸不产气, 不发酵木糖、 L-阿拉伯糖、 甘露醇, 可 以利用柠檬酸盐, 硝酸还原酶阳性, 淀粉水解阳性, 明胶水解阳性, 分解酪 蛋白阳性。
(三) 菌剂生产
( 1 )将拮抗菌 NJN— 6和 NJN— 11, 分别接种到 PDA培养液进行液体发 酵生产, 其发酵生产的条件为: pH6.0〜7.0, 发酵温度范围 24〜37°C, 搅拌 速度为 180〜300转 /分钟, 发酵时间为 48hr., 发酵液的含菌或芽孢量 1 X 101Q个 /ml; 所用 PDA培养液配制方法为 (以配制 1L培养基为例): 用 200 g 土豆削皮后切成小块放到水里煮, 沸腾后煮 30 min, 接着用四层医用纱布过 滤, 滤液加 20 g普通蔗糖, 定容至 1000 ml, pH值调至 7.2-7.4, 121°C灭菌 20 min。
(2) 将 NJN— 6和 NJN— 11发酵液按 50 L/吨的量分别接种到腐熟的猪 粪堆肥和菜粕的微生物分解混合物中进行固体发酵, 发酵过程中每天翻堆 1 次, 温度不超过 50°C, 发酵 5天, 发酵结束后拮抗菌含量均达到 I X 108个 /g 以上, 获得拮抗菌 NJN— 6的猪粪堆肥固体菌剂、菜粕的微生物分解混合物固 体菌剂和 NJN— 11的两种固体菌剂。 腐熟的猪粪堆肥发芽指数为 98%以上, 有机质含量 35%, 有机氮含量为 1.2-2%, 含水量 25-30%。
其中菜粕的微生物分解混合物制备方法为 (公知公用, 见发明专利 ZL200610086126.0,—种农用氨基酸的生物制取方法及其肥料产品),菌株 37-1 发酵液加入到菜粕原料中, 调节含水量 55-65%和 pH6.0-7.5, 进行开放式固体 发酵, 待发酵温度上升至 50°C时立即开始翻堆, 以后每天翻堆, 使堆温始终 维持在 35-50°C共 5天, 固体发酵开始后, 堆物的 pH会不断上升, 每次翻堆 时用含酸液体调节含水量和 pH,使它们分别维持在 55-65%和 6.0-7.0,发酵终 止时再用含酸液体进行喷洒, 直至堆物 pH调整为 5.0左右, 再进行低温干燥 或自然凉干, 即为菜粕的微生物分解混合物 (含氨基酸的混合材料)。
(3 ) 按猪粪堆肥、 菜粕的微生物分解混合物两类分别将拮抗菌 NJN— 6 固体菌剂和 NJN— 11固体菌剂以体积比 1 : 1混合, 获得猪粪堆肥的固体混合 菌剂和菜粕的微生物分解混合物的固体混合菌剂。
(4) 再将猪粪堆肥的固体单一菌剂、 混合菌剂按体积比 70%分别与菜粕 微生物酶解混合物的固体单一菌剂、 混合菌剂按体积比 30%的比例充分混合, 并后熟 2-3天, 后熟过程中翻堆 2次, 最后在温度不超过 60°C的条件下将微 生物有机肥的含水量蒸发至 30%以下, 获得能防除连作香蕉巴拿马枯萎病的 单菌微生物有机肥(分别含菌株 NJN-6、菌株 NJN-11 )、混合微生物有机肥(含 菌 NJN-6和 NJN-11 )。
该混合微生物有机肥料 (防治香蕉巴拿马枯萎病的专用微生物有机肥) 中含有 I X 108个 /g以上的 NJN-6和 NJN-11、全氮含量质量比为 4〜5%,全氮 中质量比 90%以上为有机氮, 总氮磷钾养分质量比为 6〜10%、 有机质含量质 量比为 30〜35%。
(四) 温室防效试验
试验设 4个处理: T1-对照, 未施用微生物有机肥料; T3-施用单菌微生物 有机肥料 (含 NJN— 6菌株); T4-施用单菌微生物有机肥料 (含 NJN— 11菌 株); T5-施用复合微生物有机肥料 (含 NJN— 6菌株和 NJN— 11菌株)。 微生 物有机肥料用量: 香蕉育苗时按土重的 2%施用 (育苗时所用的土壤均为健康 土壤), 待香蕉长至第 5片真叶时将其移栽到香蕉连作土壤中, 其中连作土壤 中也按土重 2%的用量施入。 所有处理的氮磷钾用量一致, 常规管理。 之后观 察其发病情况, 记录发病率, 确认拮抗菌株是否有抑制香蕉巴拿马枯萎病的 效果。
香蕉苗移栽 30天后, 发现 T1 (对照, 未施微生物有机肥料)处理有发病 植株,再过 20天后, T1处理有 80%的植株发病,其它各处理的发病情况不一。 香蕉苗移栽 50天后的植株发病率和防治率结果如表 1所示。 盆栽试验结果表 明使用含有 NJN— 6的有机肥 (T3 ) 和含有 NJN— 11的有机肥 (T4) 香蕉最 终枯萎病的防治率分别为 75%和 68% (图 3、 图 4), 其中 T5-施用复合微生物 有机肥料 (含 NJN— 6菌株和 NJN— 11菌株)效果最好,防治率可以达到 87.5% (图 5 )。
表 1不同生物有机肥防治香蕉巴拿马枯萎病的效果
表 2不同生物有机肥对香蕉连作枯萎病土壤微生物区系的影响
Figure imgf000008_0002
注: Tl : CK (化肥); T3 : 抗香蕉巴拿马枯萎病专性拮抗菌 (NJN-6) 单菌微生物有机肥; T4: 抗香蕉巴拿马枯萎病专性拮抗菌(NJN— 11 )单菌微 生物有机肥; T5 : NJN-6和 NJN— 11菌株混合微生物有机肥; 所有供试土壤 均为香蕉连作土壤
(五) 田间试验
通过营养钵育苗和移栽大田同时施用防治香蕉巴拿马枯萎病的专用微生 物有机肥, 微生物有机肥的用量如下: 营养钵育苗时施用量为 1.5%, 移栽大 田时的施用量为每棵 1.5kg (折 225kg/亩)。 结果表明, 在已经严重发病 (当 季发病率 15%以上)的田块上,香蕉巴拿马枯萎病可以控制在 5%以下(表 3 )。 按照每公斤香蕉 4 元计算, 营养钵育苗和移栽大田同时施用微生物有机肥可 使蕉农增收 3424元 /亩, 扣除该微生物有机肥成本投入 517.5元 /亩, 蕉农还可 净得 2906.5元 /亩, 使大面积施用这种微生物有机肥料成为可能。
Figure imgf000009_0001
注: 抗香蕉巴拿马枯萎病专用微生物有机肥的用量: 营养钵育苗施用量 为 1.5%, 移栽大田的施用量为每棵 1.5kg (折 225kg/亩)
本发明专利从微生物区系这一关键问题着手 (表 2), 研制出一种能显著 消除香蕉作物连作巴拿马枯萎病发生的微生物有机肥料产品, 生物防治率达 80%以上。本肥料产品的作用机制在于本肥料产品中的有效碳和有效氮源给产 品中的功能菌微生物区系的培育提供了很好的条件, 使之迅速建立外源有益 功能菌微生物的生态及其食物链; 另一方面, 本肥料产品中含有较高含量的 有机氮和有机磷, 这些营养物质对连作障碍土壤中香蕉作物的生长十分有利, 大大提高了香蕉作物的立苗率和抗逆能力。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 用于防除连作香蕉巴拿马枯萎病的拮抗菌, 包括菌株 NJN-6 和菌株 NJN- 11 , 均为枯草芽孢杆菌 BaciUus subtilis , 2009年 7月 9日保藏于中国 微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心, NJN-6 菌种保藏号为 CGMCC NO.3 183 , NJN- 11的菌种保藏号为 CGMCC NO.3 184 ;
NJN-6菌株的主要生物学特性为革兰氏染色阳性 G+, 细胞为杆状, 端生 芽孢, 兼性厌氧生长, 接触酶阳性、 氧化酶阴性、 VP.反应阳性, 甲基红试验 阴性,发酵葡萄糖产酸不产气,发酵果糖产酸产气,不发酵木糖、 L-阿拉伯糖、 甘露醇, 可以利用柠檬酸盐, 硝酸还原酶阳性, 淀粉水解阳性, 明胶水解阳 性, 分解酪蛋白阳性;
NJN- 11菌株的主要生物学特性为革兰氏染色阳性 G+, 细胞为杆状, 端生 芽孢, 兼性厌氧生长, 接触酶阳性、 氧化酶阴性、 VP.反应阳性, 甲基红试验 阳性, 发酵葡萄糖、 果糖产酸不产气, 不发酵木糖、 L-阿拉伯糖、 甘露醇, 可 以利用柠檬酸盐, 硝酸还原酶阳性, 淀粉水解阳性, 明胶水解阳性, 分解酪 蛋白阳性。
2、 用权利要求 1所述用于防除连作香蕉巴拿马枯萎病的拮抗菌所生产的 微生物有机肥料, 该微生物有机肥料中含有 1 108个 以上的 NJN-6 和 NJN- 1 全氮含量质量比为 4〜5%, 全氮中质量比 90%以上为有机氮, 总氮 磷钾养分质量比为 6〜10%、 有机质含量质量比为 30〜35%。
3、 权利要求 2所述微生物有机肥料的生产方法, 其特征为:
( 1 )将权利要求 1所述的拮抗菌 NJN— 6和 NJN— 11, 分别接种到 PDA 培养液, 进行液体发酵生产, 其发酵生产的条件为: pH6.0〜7.0, 发酵温度范 围 30〜35 °C, 搅拌速度为 180〜300转 /分钟, 发酵时间为 48hr., 发酵液的 含菌或芽孢量 1 X 1010个 /ml;
( 2 ) 分别将 NJN— 6和 NJN— 11发酵液按 50 L/吨的量接种到腐熟的猪 粪堆肥和菜粕的微生物分解混合物中进行固体发酵, 发酵过程中每天翻堆 1 次, 温度不超过 50°C, 发酵 5天, 发酵结束后拮抗菌 NJN— 6和 NJN— 11含 量均达到 1 X 108个 /g以上, 获得拮抗菌 NJN— 6的猪粪堆肥固体菌剂、 菜粕 的微生物分解混合物固体菌剂和 NJN— 11的两种固体菌剂。 (3 ) 按猪粪堆肥、 菜粕的微生物分解混合物两类分别将拮抗菌 NJN— 6 固体菌剂和 NJN— 11固体菌剂以体积比 1 : 1混合, 获得猪粪堆肥的固体混合 菌剂和菜粕微生物分解混合物的固体混合菌剂;
(4) 再将猪粪堆肥的固体混合菌剂与菜粕微生物酶解混合物的固体混合 菌剂按体积比 50-70%: 30-50%的比例充分混合, 并后熟 2-3天, 后熟过程中 翻堆 2次, 最后在温度不超过 60°C的条件下将微生物有机肥的含水量蒸发至 30%以下, 包装出厂即为能防治连作香蕉巴拿马枯萎病的微生物有机肥。
4、 根据权利要求 3 所述微生物有机肥料的生产方法, 其中步骤 (1 ) 所 用 PDA培养液配制方法为, 以配制 1L培养基为例:
用 200 g土豆削皮后切成小块放到水里煮, 沸腾后煮 30 min, 接着用四层 医用纱布过滤, 滤液加 20 g普通蔗糖, 定容至 1000 ml, pH值调至 7.2-7.4, 121°C灭菌 20 min。
5、 根据权利要求 3或 4所述微生物有机肥料的生产方法, 其中步骤 (2) 所用腐熟的猪粪堆肥发芽指数为 98%以上, 有机质质量比含量 35%,有机氮 质量比含量为 1.2-2%, 含水量质量比 25-30%。
6、 权利要求 2所述微生物有机肥料的应用。
PCT/CN2009/074973 2009-09-18 2009-11-17 用于防除连作香蕉巴拿马枯萎病的拮抗菌及其微生物有机肥料 WO2011032329A1 (zh)

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EP09801368.3A EP2479253B1 (en) 2009-09-18 2009-11-17 Antagonistic bacteria for preventing and treating panama wilt disease of continuously planted banana and microorganism organic fertilizer thereof
KR1020107013076A KR101016859B1 (ko) 2009-09-18 2009-11-17 연작 바나나의 시들음병을 방지하기 위한 길항세균 및 그것의 미생물 유기질 비료
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