WO2011021498A1 - (ポリ)ピロリン酸ピペラジン粉粒体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
(ポリ)ピロリン酸ピペラジン粉粒体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011021498A1 WO2011021498A1 PCT/JP2010/063072 JP2010063072W WO2011021498A1 WO 2011021498 A1 WO2011021498 A1 WO 2011021498A1 JP 2010063072 W JP2010063072 W JP 2010063072W WO 2011021498 A1 WO2011021498 A1 WO 2011021498A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- piperazine
- poly
- pyrophosphate
- powder
- mass
- Prior art date
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- MWFNQNPDUTULBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphono dihydrogen phosphate;piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1.OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O MWFNQNPDUTULBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 52
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- 229940048084 pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 48
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 9
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- VVUYUFQAEPXRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate piperazine Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1CNCCN1.[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O VVUYUFQAEPXRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UPZFLZYXYGBAPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound CCC1(C)OCCO1 UPZFLZYXYGBAPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSEBUVRVKCANEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyrroline Chemical compound C1CC=CN1 RSEBUVRVKCANEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYMZEPRSPLASMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylpyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 IYMZEPRSPLASMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920009204 Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JMZYVCKSWDQYNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N OP(O)(=O)OP(=O)(O)O.N1=CC=NC=C1 Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(=O)(O)O.N1=CC=NC=C1 JMZYVCKSWDQYNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IEJNAGSUKYCWCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethene;1,1-dichloroethene;ethenyl acetate Chemical compound ClC=C.ClC(Cl)=C.CC(=O)OC=C IEJNAGSUKYCWCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRGNPJFAKZHQPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethene;ethene Chemical group C=C.ClC=C KRGNPJFAKZHQPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGAZMNJKRQFZKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethene;ethenyl acetate Chemical compound ClC=C.CC(=O)OC=C HGAZMNJKRQFZKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQNNHEYXAJPPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethene;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound ClC=C.OC(=O)C=C SQNNHEYXAJPPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- MSQACBWWAIBWIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;piperazine;chloride Chemical compound Cl.C1CNCCN1 MSQACBWWAIBWIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- XZTOTRSSGPPNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphono dihydrogen phosphate;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XZTOTRSSGPPNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTVUVRRPRLGJJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphono dihydrogen phosphate;phosphoric acid;piperazine Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.C1CNCCN1.OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O JTVUVRRPRLGJJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940005657 pyrophosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZVJHJDDKYZXRJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrroline Natural products C1CC=NC1 ZVJHJDDKYZXRJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/529—Esters containing heterocyclic rings not representing cyclic esters of phosphoric or phosphorous acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
- C09K21/06—Organic materials
- C09K21/12—Organic materials containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
- C07D295/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring hetero elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/5205—Salts of P-acids with N-bases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder and a method for producing the same.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method in which sodium pyrophosphate is treated with hydrochloric acid, and the resulting pyrophosphoric acid and piperazine are reacted in an aqueous solution to obtain piperazine pyrophosphate as a poorly water-soluble precipitate.
- the above method has a problem that sodium chloride or piperazine pyrophosphate sodium salt is by-produced.
- Sodium chloride has low solubility in water, and its solubility hardly changes even when the temperature is changed. Therefore, once mixed, it is difficult to remove by washing or the like.
- the yield of the desired product is reduced by the by-production of piperazine pyrophosphate sodium salt.
- the conventional method for producing piperazine (poly) pyrophosphate has problems in terms of yield and product purity.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method of obtaining (poly) piperazine pyrophosphate by dehydration condensation of piperazine diphosphate.
- Patent Document 3 has a problem that the obtained (poly) pyrophosphate pyroperazine powder is generally colored gray or brown. Since the coloration of the additive also affects the overall color of the product containing it, when the colored (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder is blended, the resulting resin composition and molded product will also be colored. Therefore, the use as an additive of (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder has been limited. Therefore, it has been desired to provide a (poly) pyropyrophosphate pyroperazine powder as close to white as possible, which has little possibility of affecting the color of the product.
- the object of the present invention is to provide (poly) pyrophosphate pyroperazine powder granules that do not give rise to by-products that are difficult to remove and that are not colored so as to adversely affect the coloration of the molded product, and (poly ) To provide a resin composition and a molded body containing piperazine pyrophosphate powder granules.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing such (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder efficiently and in high yield.
- the first aspect of the present invention is a (poly) pyrophosphate pyroperazine powder represented by the following chemical formula (I) having a whiteness of 80 to 100 in terms of W value and a yellowness of 0 to 5 in terms of YI: Related to granules.
- the 2nd aspect of this invention is related with the flame retardance imparting agent for resin containing the said (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine granular material.
- the 3rd aspect of this invention is related with the molded object obtained by shape
- a fourth aspect of the present invention relates to a flame retardant resin composition containing 100 parts by mass of a resin and 20 to 80 parts by mass of the (poly) pyrophosphate pyroperazine powder.
- the resin is preferably a polyolefin resin.
- a fifth aspect of the present invention includes a step of dehydrating and condensing piperazine diphosphate to form a (poly) pyrophosphate pyroperazine, and performing the above step in an inert gas atmosphere. It relates to the manufacturing method.
- the inert gas is preferably nitrogen gas.
- diphosphate piperazine those obtained by reacting phosphoric acid with piperazine can be preferably used.
- a highly pure and white (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder granule is obtained without requiring a special production apparatus change and without increasing the number of steps as compared with the conventional method. Can be provided in good yield.
- the (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder of the present invention is excellent in flame retardancy, and therefore can be used as a flame retardant imparting agent that can be added to a resin composition or a molded body.
- the (poly) pyrazine pyrophosphate powder particles are white, they do not adversely affect the color of the molded product, and therefore can be applied to a wide range of applications as additives for resins.
- 2 is a photograph of the powder obtained in Example 1.
- 2 is a photograph of the powder obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- 2 is a photograph of a molded product obtained in Application Example 1.
- 2 is a photograph of a molded product obtained in Comparative Application Example 1.
- the (poly) pyrrophosphate piperazine powder which is the first embodiment of the present invention has a whiteness of 80 to 100 in terms of W value and a yellowness of 0 to 5 in terms of YI.
- (poly) piperazine pyrophosphate means piperazine pyrophosphate represented by the following formula (I):
- n is an integer of 2 to 100
- n is an integer of 2 to 100
- piperazine pyrophosphate represented by formula (I) and piperazine polypyrophosphate represented by formula (II).
- W value refers to the value of the whiteness index
- YI value refers to the value of the yellow index.
- the whiteness index (W) and the yellow index (YI) are tristimulus values X, Y, and Z (X is a value that feels red of three primary colors (red, green, and blue), Y is a value that feels green, Z is calculated according to the following formula based on the value of blue).
- Such whiteness index and yellow index can be automatically measured using a color difference meter (for example, Z-300A type manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.). The higher the whiteness index value, the higher the whiteness, and the higher the yellow index value, the higher the yellowness (yellowness).
- Whiteness index (W) Y + 800 (x n ⁇ x) +1700 (y n ⁇ y)
- x, y are the chromaticity coordinates in the XYZ color system of the sample
- x n, y n values of chromaticity coordinates in the XYZ color system of a perfect reflecting diffuser (see JIS Z8715).
- Yellow index (YI) 100 (1.28X-1.06Z) / Y
- the (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder of the present invention has a W value in the range of 80-100.
- the W value is preferably 90 to 100, more preferably 95 to 100.
- the (poly) pyrophosphate pyroperazine powder of the present invention has a YI value in the range of 0-5.
- the YI value is preferably 0 to 4, more preferably 0 to 3.
- the (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder of the present invention has a white appearance visually. Therefore, it is possible to avoid problems and product defects due to coloring of a molded body in which the (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder is blended.
- the 2-phosphate piperazine can be obtained by reacting 2 equivalents of orthophosphoric acid with 1 equivalent of piperazine according to the reaction formula shown below. This reaction is not particularly limited, but can be performed by heating at 70 to 90 ° C. in an aqueous solvent for 0.5 to 1 hour.
- a desired powdery (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine can be obtained through a step of dehydrating and condensing the obtained diphosphate piperazine.
- the present invention is characterized in that the dehydration condensation process is performed in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the dehydration-condensation step is performed in a normal atmosphere, the resulting (poly) pyrophosphate pyroperazine powder is generally colored gray or brown.
- coloring can be prevented and white (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder can be obtained.
- the inert gas is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include nitrogen, argon, helium, and carbon dioxide. Nitrogen is preferable in terms of high safety and cost.
- dehydration condensation of piperazine diphosphate is carried out, for example, by piperazine diphosphate at a temperature of 230 to 320 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere for 0.5 to 12 hours, or 0. It can be carried out by heating for 5 to 5 hours, or 0.5 to 3 hours.
- a piperazine polypyrophosphate represented by the formula (II) is generated.
- the formula (I) The represented piperazine pyrophosphate is formed.
- the ratio of piperazine polypyrophosphate and piperazine pyrophosphate in the product can be arbitrarily changed depending on the reaction conditions.
- the product is a mixture of piperazine polypyrophosphate represented by formula (II) and piperazine pyrophosphate represented by formula (I).
- the broken line represents a chemical bond (for example, hydrogen bond, covalent bond, ionic bond, etc.)
- the means for performing dehydration condensation of the above-mentioned piperazine diphosphate is not particularly limited as long as it can be heated and dehydrated and can react in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- dehydration condensation can be performed using equipment such as heating and kneading equipment and hot air drying equipment.
- the method using the heating and kneading equipment is a method in which dehydration condensation of piperazine diphosphate is performed at a heating temperature of 230 to 290 ° C., a raw material supply speed of 20 to 100 kg / h, and a rotation speed of 30 to 1600 rpm.
- the heating kneading equipment is not particularly limited as long as it can economically mass-produce the (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder which is an object, and a normal kneading equipment can be used.
- Machine Henschel mixer, Banbury mixer, plast mill, KRC kneader, vacuum kneader, pressure kneader and the like.
- a Banbury mixer is preferable because the reaction can proceed efficiently.
- the method using the hot air drying equipment is one in which dehydration condensation of piperazine diphosphate is performed at a hot air temperature of 230 to 290 ° C.
- the hot air drying equipment is not particularly limited as long as it can economically mass-produce the target (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder, and a normal hot air drying equipment can be used. Examples thereof include a dryer, an air dryer, an aeration dryer, a shelf dryer, an atmospheric furnace, a fluidized bed dryer, a tubular furnace, a dry meister, an air dryer, a torus disk, solid air, and a spray dryer.
- the (poly) pyropyrophosphate piperazine powder of the present invention produced by dehydrating condensation of 2-phosphate piperazine contains almost no impurities and is excellent in physical properties such as heat resistance and water resistance. Moreover, as above-mentioned, as a result of having the W value and YI value of the said specific range, the (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine granular material of this invention has a white external appearance visually. Therefore, it is possible to avoid problems and product defects due to coloring of a molded body in which the (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder is blended.
- the (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder of the present invention is excellent in heat resistance and water resistance and does not have a problem of coloring, it can be suitably used as a flame retardant for resin.
- the flame retardancy imparting agent for resin containing the (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder is also one aspect of the present invention.
- the flame retardancy imparting agent of the present invention can be used in combination with various resins.
- the resin include, but are not limited to, ⁇ -olefin polymers such as polypropylene, high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, polybutene-1, poly-3-methylpentene, or ethylene-acetic acid.
- Polyolefins such as vinyl copolymers and ethylene-propylene copolymers and copolymers thereof; polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorinated polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, rubber chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate Polymer, vinyl chloride-ethylene copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride-vinyl acetate terpolymer, vinyl chloride-acrylic acid ester copolymer, vinyl chloride-maleic acid ester Copolymer, vinyl chloride-cyclohexylmaleimi Halogen-containing resins such as copolymers; petroleum resins; coumarone resins; polystyrene; polyvinyl acetate; acrylic resins; styrene and / or ⁇ -methylstyrene and other monomers (for example, maleic anhydride,
- a flame retardant resin composition containing the resin and the flame retardant imparting agent (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder is also one aspect of the present invention.
- the flame-retardant resin composition of the present invention contains 20 to 80 parts by mass of the (poly) pyropyrophosphate piperazine particles with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin.
- the lower limit of the amount of the (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder to 100 parts by mass of the resin is preferably 25 parts by mass, more preferably 30 parts by mass, and the upper limit is preferably 60 parts by mass, more preferably 40 parts by mass. It is.
- the flame retardant resin composition of the present invention includes, in addition to the (poly) piperazine pyrophosphate powder granules, melamine pyrophosphate, piperazine polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate, polyphosphate amide, phosphate ester, phosphate ester.
- Other flame retardants such as amides, and compounding agents such as polysiloxane compounds, metal oxides, silicon dioxide, and higher aliphatic carboxylic acids may be contained.
- the blending amount of the other flame retardant is preferably 0 to 100 parts by mass and more preferably 10 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (poly) pyrrophosphate piperazine powder of the present invention.
- the compounding amount of the compounding agent is preferably 0 to 50 parts by mass and more preferably 5 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin.
- (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder and the other flame retardant and / or compounding agent may be mixed in advance to form a flame retardant composition, and then blended with the resin.
- the flame retardant resin composition containing one kind of resin selected from the above resin examples and the (poly) pyrrophosphate piperazine powder of the present invention is excellent in heat resistance and white. Therefore, the coloration by the addition of the pigment is also free, which is preferable in terms of wide application range.
- Such a flame retardant resin composition is also an embodiment of the present invention.
- a molded product can be molded from the flame-retardant resin composition of the present invention by a molding method such as normal injection molding, extrusion molding, inflation molding or the like.
- a molded body is also one aspect of the present invention.
- the shape of the molded body of the present invention is not limited, and examples thereof include a power plug, a connector, a sleeve, a box, a wire coating, a tape base material, a tube, a sheet, and a film.
- an injection molded body such as an electric wire part
- it can be injection molded at a cylinder temperature of about 190 ° C. and a head temperature of about 190 ° C.
- the injection molding apparatus can be molded by using an injection molding machine used for molding a normal PVC resin or the like.
- ⁇ Flame-retardant UL-94V test> Keep the test piece 127mm long, 12.7mm wide and 1.6mm thick vertically, burn the fire of the burner at the lower end for 10 seconds, remove the flame, and let the time when the fire ignited the test piece disappears. It was measured. Next, at the same time when the fire was extinguished, the second flame contact was performed for 10 seconds, and the time until the fire was ignited was measured in the same manner as the first time. Moreover, it was also evaluated at the same time whether or not the cotton under the test piece was ignited by the fire type falling from the test piece.
- the combustion rank was given in accordance with UL-94 standards from the first and second combustion times, the presence or absence of cotton ignition, and the like.
- the combustion rank is V-0, and the flame retardance decreases in the order of V-1 and V-2.
- those not corresponding to any of the ranks V-0 to V-2 are NR.
- Example 1 Using a Banbury mixer (manufactured by Moriyama Co., Ltd., DS0.5-3GHH-E, capacity 2 L), 1 to 200 g of piperazine diphosphate with a heating temperature of 240 to 270 ° C., a screw speed of 30 to 100 rpm, and a nitrogen atmosphere The mixture was heated and mixed for 3 hours to obtain 198 g (yield 99%) of a white powder of piperazine (poly) pyrophosphate. However, nitrogen was vented (12 L / h) from the start of temperature rise to cooling.
- Example 2 Using a tubular atmosphere furnace (manufactured by Motoyama Co., Ltd., model name: NLT-2035D), 3 g of piperazine diphosphate was heated and mixed for 1 to 3 hours under the conditions of a heating temperature of 240 to 270 ° C. and a nitrogen atmosphere. 3 g (yield 100%) of white powder of piperazine pyrophosphate was obtained. However, nitrogen was vented (12 L / h) from the start of temperature rise to cooling.
- a tubular atmosphere furnace manufactured by Motoyama Co., Ltd., model name: NLT-2035D
- Example 3 Using solid air (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation, model name: solid air SJ), 20 kg of piperazine diphosphate phosphate is heated and mixed under conditions of a heating temperature of 240 to 270 ° C. and a nitrogen atmosphere for 0.5 to 1 hour, and piperazine polypyrophosphate Of white powder (yield 90%) was obtained. However, nitrogen was vented (20 L / h) from the start of temperature rise to cooling.
- solid air manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation, model name: solid air SJ
- Labo Plastmill (Co., Ltd.) is a polypropylene resin composition in which 2 parts by mass of calcium stearate (lubricant) and 30 parts by mass of (poly) pyrophosphate pyroperazine powder are mixed with 70 parts by mass of polypropylene resin (made by prime polymer: grade for injection molding).
- the resulting molded product was kneaded at 160 to 200 ° C. using Toyo Seiki Seisakusho: 10C100) and pelletized using a pulverizer (DAS-14 manufactured by DIAKO SEIKI).
- DAS-14 pulverizer manufactured by DIAKO SEIKI
- the pellet was injection molded at 190 ° C. to obtain a test piece having a thickness of 1.6 mm.
- the above whiteness and yellowness were measured.
- the measurement results are shown in Table 2.
- powder photographs and molded body photographs are shown in FIGS.
- the flame retardance test was also done using the obtained test piece.
- Table 3 shows a summary of the whiteness, yellowness, 5% weight loss starting temperature and appearance evaluation results in Tables 1 and 2 and photographs of FIGS.
- the (poly) pyrophosphate pyroperazine powder obtained by the production method of the present invention in which the reaction is carried out under an inert atmosphere is a conventional production method, that is, all steps in the atmosphere.
- the whiteness was higher and the yellowness was lower than that obtained by carrying out the process.
- the (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder of the present invention and the molded product containing the (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder are subjected to all steps in the atmosphere. It was confirmed by visual observation that the whiteness was higher and the yellowness was lower than the obtained conventional one.
- the (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder granules of the present invention have a 5% weight loss starting temperature of 300 as in the case of the (poly) pyrophosphate piperazine powder granules obtained by the conventional production method. ° C.
- the 5% weight loss starting temperature of the starting material piperazine diphosphate is 255 ° C.
- dehydration condensation is performed by the production method of the present invention, and (poly) pyropyrrole piperazine powder granules are synthesized. I understood.
Abstract
Description
本発明の第一の態様である(ポリ)ピロリン酸ピペラジン粉粒体は、W値で80~100の白色度と、YI値で0~5の黄色度を有する。
白色度指数(W)=Y+800(xn-x)+1700(yn-y)
ここでx、yは試料のXYZ表色系における色度座標であり、xn、ynは完全拡散反射面のXYZ表色系における色度座標の値である(JIS Z8715参照)。
イエローインデックス(YI)=100(1.28X-1.06Z)/Y
次に本発明の(ポリ)ピロリン酸ピペラジン粉粒体の製造方法について説明する。
本発明において、(ポリ)ピロリン酸ピペラジンは、2リン酸ピペラジンを脱水縮合することにより得ることができる。
同時測光方式分光色差計(日本電色工業株式会社製、SQ-2000)を用い、(ポリ)ピロリン酸ピペラジン粉粒体の白色度(W値)ならびに黄味度(YI値)の測定を行った。粉粒体については試料約5gをセルに量りとり、測定を行った。シートは厚み1.6mmの難燃性試験用のシートを用いて測定を行った。
熱分析示差熱熱重量同時測定装置(セイコーインスツル株式会社製 EXSTAR6300)を用いて(ポリ)ピロリン酸ピペラジン粉粒体のTG(Thermogravimetry:熱重量分析)測定を行い、5%質量減少が起こった温度(サンプルの質量が5質量%減少した温度)を測定した。サンプル7±1mgを量りとり、大気雰囲気下、昇温速度5℃/分の条件で測定を行った。
長さ125mm、幅6mm、厚さ3mmの試験片を垂直に保ち、上端にバーナーの火を着火し、上端がろうそくの炎状に燃えるとき、炎を取り去り、ただちに燃焼時間と燃焼長さの測定を開始した。燃焼時間が3分以上継続するか、あるいは着炎後の燃焼長さが50mm以上燃え続けるのに必要な最低の酸素濃度(及びその時の窒素濃度)を求めた。
長さ127mm、幅12.7mm、厚さ1.6mmの試験片を垂直に保ち、下端にバーナーの火を10秒間接炎させた後、炎を取り除き、試験片に着火した火が消える時間を測定した。次に、火が消えると同時に2回目の接炎を10秒間行い、1回目と同様にして着火した火が消えるまでの時間を測定した。また、試験片から落下する火種により試験片の下の綿が着火するか否かについても同時に評価した。
[実施例1]
バンバリーミキサー(株式会社モリヤマ製、DS0.5-3GHH-E、容量2L)を用い、加熱温度240~270℃、スクリュー回転数30~100rpm、窒素雰囲気下の条件で2リン酸ピペラジン200gを1~3時間加熱混合し、(ポリ)ピロリン酸ピペラジンの白色粉体198g(収率99%)を得た。ただし窒素は昇温開始から冷却まで通気(12L/h)した。
管状型雰囲気炉(株式会社モトヤマ製、型名:NLT-2035D)を用い、加熱温度240~270℃、窒素雰囲気下の条件で2リン酸ピペラジン3gを1~3時間加熱混合し、(ポリ)ピロリン酸ピペラジンの白色粉体3g(収率100%)を得た。ただし窒素は昇温開始から冷却まで通気(12L/h)した。
ソリッドエアー(株式会社ホソカワミクロン製、型名:ソリッドエアーSJ)を用い、加熱温度240~270℃、窒素雰囲気下の条件で2リン酸ピペラジン20kgを0.5~1時間加熱混合し、ポリピロリン酸ピペラジンの白色粉体18kg(収率90%)を得た。ただし窒素は昇温開始から冷却まで通気(20L/h)した。
バンバリーミキサー(株式会社モリヤマ製、DS0.5-3GHH-E)を用い、大気中、加熱温度240~270℃、スクリュー回転数30~100rpmの条件で2リン酸ピペラジン200gを1~3時間加熱混合し、(ポリ)ピロリン酸ピペラジンの粉体190g(収率95%)を得た。
管状型雰囲気炉(株式会社モトヤマ製、型名:NLT-2035D)を用い、大気中、加熱温度240~270℃の条件で2リン酸ピペラジン3gを1~3時間加熱混合し、(ポリ)ピロリン酸ピペラジンの粉体3g(収率100%)を得た。
ポリプロピレン樹脂(プライムポリマー製:射出成形用グレード)70質量部にステアリン酸カルシウム(滑剤)2質量部と(ポリ)ピロリン酸ピペラジン粉体30質量部を配合したポリプロピレン樹脂組成物をラボプラストミル(株式会社東洋精機製作所製:10C100)を用いて160~200℃で混練し、得られた成形体を粉砕機(DIAKO SEIKI社製DAS-14)を用いてペレット化した。該ペレットを使用して190℃で射出成形し、厚さ1.6mmの試験片を得た。得られた試験片を用いて上記の白色度ならびに黄味度の測定を行った。測定結果を表2に示す。また粉体写真ならびに成形体写真を図1~4に示す。また得られた試験片を用い、難燃性試験も行った。
Claims (8)
- W値で80~100の白色度と、
YI値で0~5の黄色度を有する
(ポリ)ピロリン酸ピペラジン粉粒体。 - 請求項1記載の(ポリ)ピロリン酸ピペラジン粉粒体を含有する樹脂用難燃性付与剤。
- 樹脂100質量部と、
請求項1記載の(ポリ)ピロリン酸ピペラジン粉粒体20~80質量部とを含有する難燃性樹脂組成物。 - 前記樹脂は、ポリオレフィン系樹脂である請求項3記載の難燃性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項3又は4の難燃性樹脂組成物を成形して得られる成形体。
- 2リン酸ピペラジンを脱水縮合させて(ポリ)ピロリン酸ピペラジンとする工程を含み、
前記工程を、不活性ガス雰囲気下で行う
(ポリ)ピロリン酸ピペラジン粉粒体の製造方法。 - 前記不活性ガスは、窒素ガスである請求項6記載の製造方法。
- 前記2リン酸ピペラジンは、オルトリン酸と、ピペラジンとを反応させて得られたものである請求項6又は7記載の製造方法。
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CN116554482A (zh) * | 2023-05-17 | 2023-08-08 | 重庆科聚孚新材料有限责任公司 | 一种高耐温和耐析出的化学封端的聚焦磷酸哌嗪改性聚磷酸铵及其制备方法和装置和应用 |
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- 2010-08-03 JP JP2011527627A patent/JPWO2011021498A1/ja active Pending
- 2010-08-03 EP EP10809843.5A patent/EP2468738B1/en active Active
- 2010-08-03 US US13/389,738 patent/US20120190779A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (5)
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CN102304100A (zh) * | 2011-05-13 | 2012-01-04 | 上海化工研究院 | 一种焦磷酸哌嗪的制备方法 |
JP2020514487A (ja) * | 2017-01-27 | 2020-05-21 | アルケマ フランス | 高い熱機械強度及び改善された熱老化を有する、柔軟な耐火性熱可塑性組成物 |
WO2019240181A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-13 | 2019-12-19 | 株式会社Adeka | リン酸アミン塩組成物、リン酸アミン塩難燃剤組成物、これを含有する難燃性合成樹脂組成物およびその成形体 |
JPWO2019240181A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-13 | 2021-06-24 | 株式会社Adeka | リン酸アミン塩組成物、リン酸アミン塩難燃剤組成物、これを含有する難燃性合成樹脂組成物およびその成形体 |
JP7316273B2 (ja) | 2018-06-13 | 2023-07-27 | 株式会社Adeka | リン酸アミン塩難燃剤組成物、これを含有する難燃性合成樹脂組成物およびその成形体 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20120067342A (ko) | 2012-06-25 |
EP2468738B1 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
ES2532430T3 (es) | 2015-03-26 |
EP2468738A4 (en) | 2013-02-27 |
CN102482239A (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
US20120190779A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
EP2468738A1 (en) | 2012-06-27 |
JPWO2011021498A1 (ja) | 2013-01-24 |
TW201107376A (en) | 2011-03-01 |
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