WO2011016254A1 - 移動体装置、露光装置及び露光方法、並びにデバイス製造方法 - Google Patents
移動体装置、露光装置及び露光方法、並びにデバイス製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011016254A1 WO2011016254A1 PCT/JP2010/004971 JP2010004971W WO2011016254A1 WO 2011016254 A1 WO2011016254 A1 WO 2011016254A1 JP 2010004971 W JP2010004971 W JP 2010004971W WO 2011016254 A1 WO2011016254 A1 WO 2011016254A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/0271—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
- H01L21/0273—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers characterised by the treatment of photoresist layers
- H01L21/0274—Photolithographic processes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/708—Construction of apparatus, e.g. environment aspects, hygiene aspects or materials
- G03F7/70858—Environment aspects, e.g. pressure of beam-path gas, temperature
- G03F7/70866—Environment aspects, e.g. pressure of beam-path gas, temperature of mask or workpiece
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/0271—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
- H01L21/0273—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers characterised by the treatment of photoresist layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
- G03F7/70133—Measurement of illumination distribution, in pupil plane or field plane
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70691—Handling of masks or workpieces
- G03F7/707—Chucks, e.g. chucking or un-chucking operations or structural details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70691—Handling of masks or workpieces
- G03F7/70716—Stages
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70691—Handling of masks or workpieces
- G03F7/70716—Stages
- G03F7/70725—Stages control
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70691—Handling of masks or workpieces
- G03F7/70758—Drive means, e.g. actuators, motors for long- or short-stroke modules or fine or coarse driving
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70691—Handling of masks or workpieces
- G03F7/70775—Position control, e.g. interferometers or encoders for determining the stage position
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/708—Construction of apparatus, e.g. environment aspects, hygiene aspects or materials
- G03F7/70858—Environment aspects, e.g. pressure of beam-path gas, temperature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/708—Construction of apparatus, e.g. environment aspects, hygiene aspects or materials
- G03F7/70908—Hygiene, e.g. preventing apparatus pollution, mitigating effect of pollution or removing pollutants from apparatus
- G03F7/70933—Purge, e.g. exchanging fluid or gas to remove pollutants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/708—Construction of apparatus, e.g. environment aspects, hygiene aspects or materials
- G03F7/70908—Hygiene, e.g. preventing apparatus pollution, mitigating effect of pollution or removing pollutants from apparatus
- G03F7/70941—Stray fields and charges, e.g. stray light, scattered light, flare, transmission loss
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/20—Control lever and linkage systems
- Y10T74/20207—Multiple controlling elements for single controlled element
- Y10T74/20341—Power elements as controlling elements
- Y10T74/20354—Planar surface with orthogonal movement only
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a moving body apparatus, an exposure apparatus, an exposure method, and a device manufacturing method, and in particular, a moving body including a moving body that holds an object and is movable in a direction parallel to a first axis in a two-dimensional plane.
- the present invention relates to a device manufacturing method for manufacturing (micro device).
- a pattern formed on a mask or a reticle (hereinafter, collectively referred to as “reticle”) is transferred to a wafer via a projection optical system.
- a projection exposure apparatus that performs reduction transfer onto an object to be exposed (hereinafter collectively referred to as “wafer”) such as a glass plate is mainly used.
- a step-and-repeat type reduction projection exposure apparatus (so-called stepper) and a step-and-scan type projection exposure apparatus (so-called scanning stepper) are relatively used.
- a scanning exposure apparatus such as a scanning stepper that moves in synchronization with illumination light in a predetermined scanning direction (scanning direction) and transfers a pattern formed on a reticle onto a wafer via an optical system, It has become mainstream.
- Scanning exposure apparatuses such as scanning steppers require a driving device for driving the reticle on the reticle side in addition to the wafer side.
- a driving device for driving the reticle on the reticle side in addition to the wafer side.
- a reticle side drive device a reticle stage that is levitated and supported on a reticle surface by an air bearing or the like is driven in a predetermined stroke range in a scanning direction by, for example, a linear motor, A reticle stage device that is finely driven in the non-scanning direction is employed.
- a pair of upper and lower linear motors for driving in the scanning direction are provided on both sides of the reticle stage in the non-scanning direction, and the neutral plane including the center of gravity of the reticle stage is provided by these two pairs of linear motors.
- a reticle stage device is used that drives in the scanning direction using the lens as a driving surface (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- a linear motor for driving in the non-scanning direction is provided between a pair of linear motors on one side in the non-scanning direction of the reticle stage.
- An extending portion was provided between the pair of linear motors, and an interferometer mirror was fixed to the extending portion.
- an interferometer mirror was fixed to the extending portion.
- the exposure apparatus is required to further improve the throughput, and in order to realize this, the scanning exposure apparatus needs to realize further increase in the speed of the reticle stage. Furthermore, the exposure apparatus is also required to accurately transfer (form) a reticle pattern (image) onto a substrate such as a wafer without blurring the image.
- the exposure wavelength has been shifted to the shorter wavelength side in order to realize high resolution corresponding to the miniaturization of the integrated circuit.
- the mainstream wavelength is 248 nm of KrF excimer laser, or 193 nm of ArF excimer laser belonging to the vacuum ultraviolet region of shorter wavelength.
- the haze (cloudiness) defect of the reticle has seriously affected the productivity and production cost, and has become a big problem.
- the water surrounding the reticle is removed, for example, on the order of ppm or less to clean the space surrounding the reticle. Purging with dry air or other purge gas is performed.
- the inside of the purge space is very likely to generate static electricity.
- a reticle as a representative of those out often in the exposure apparatus.
- the reticle, the stage on which the reticle is mounted, the reticle transfer hand, and the like are in a floating state that is electrically insulated and does not escape from the generated electrostatic charge. Due to the generated electrostatic charge, the pattern on the reticle is easily damaged by so-called ESD (electrostatic destruction).
- ESD electrostatic destruction
- the breakdown voltage of a silicon oxide film is said to be 0.1 V / A, and recent oxide films have been thinned to several A. For this reason, pattern destruction may occur even at a voltage of 1 V or less, and a sufficient countermeasure against static electricity is required.
- the electrostatic charge generated on the reticle attracts contaminants called contamination, and this contamination becomes an obstacle to exposure.
- the exposure apparatus is used for mass production of semiconductor devices and the like, it is necessarily required to have a high throughput.
- a movable body that holds an object and is movable in a direction parallel to a first axis in a two-dimensional plane; and the first axis in the two-dimensional plane of the movable body
- the first and second movers provided on both sides in the direction parallel to the second axis perpendicular to the first and second movers, and electromagnetically interacting with each of the first and second movers.
- a drive system including first and second stators that respectively generate driving force for driving in a direction parallel to the first axis, and at least one specific mover of the first and second movers.
- the stator corresponding to the specific mover of the three mover parts, the two mover parts located at the center and one side in the direction parallel to the third axis, and the pair of stators
- One of the parts constitutes one electromagnetic force driving device that drives the moving body in a direction parallel to the first axis, and two mover parts located at the center and the other side in the direction parallel to the third axis;
- the other of the pair of stator parts constitutes another electromagnetic driving device that drives the moving body in a direction parallel to the first axis. Therefore, the moving body can be driven in a direction parallel to the first axis with high output by these two electromagnetic force driving devices.
- the mover part located in the center in the direction parallel to the first axis is shared by the two electromagnetic force driving devices, compared to the case where the two electromagnetic force driving devices are completely separate, The entire mobile device can be reduced in weight. As a result, it is possible to further increase the acceleration and improve the position controllability of the moving body and the object held by the moving body.
- an exposure apparatus for transferring a pattern formed on a mask onto an object to be exposed, the movement of the present invention in which the mask is placed on the movable body as the object.
- a first exposure apparatus comprising a body device is provided.
- the mask can be driven with high accuracy by the moving body device, the pattern formed on the mask with high accuracy can be accurately transferred onto the object to be exposed by scanning exposure. Become.
- an exposure apparatus for transferring a pattern formed on the mask to the object to be exposed by synchronously moving the mask and the object to be exposed in a predetermined direction, and a surface plate;
- a slider that holds the mask and moves on the surface plate with a predetermined stroke in a direction parallel to the first axis corresponding to the predetermined direction;
- an illumination system that illuminates the mask with illumination light;
- a first measurement system that obtains positional information of the slider when the slider is in a predetermined range including the illumination light irradiation region with respect to a parallel direction; and a direction parallel to the first axis of the illumination light irradiation region;
- a second exposure apparatus comprising: a static eliminator that is provided on the surface plate on a transport path of the mask positioned on the side and removes static electricity from the mask placed on the slider.
- the static eliminator removes the static electricity generated by the mask placed on the slider on the mask transport path, in other words, before the slider holding the mask moves to the illumination light irradiation area. .
- the static eliminator removes static electricity with a mask from the surface plate side. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently remove the mask without reducing the throughput.
- the mask and the object to be exposed are moved synchronously in a predetermined direction, and the pattern is moved via the projection optical system.
- An exposure apparatus for transferring onto an object to be exposed wherein the mask is held on a two-dimensional plane orthogonal to the substantial optical axis of the projection optical system in a direction parallel to a first axis corresponding to the predetermined direction
- a surface position measurement system for measuring first surface position information in a direction parallel to the axis at a first measurement point inside the measurement area; and the moving body at a second measurement point in a predetermined positional relationship with the measurement area.
- Second surface position in a direction parallel to the optical axis A first measurement system for measuring information; and the measurement region and the second measurement point with respect to the illumination light irradiation region corresponding to the region on the pattern surface projected onto the object by the projection optics
- a second measurement system that measures third surface position information about a direction parallel to the optical axis of the movable body at a third measurement point that is in the same positional relationship as the positional relationship; and the surface position measurement system, the first And a control system for controlling the position of the movable body based on measurement information from the first measurement system and the second measurement system.
- the control system acquires the first surface position information based on the second surface position information in advance using the surface position measurement system and the first measurement system, and at the time of exposure, Projection optics of a moving body that holds a mask using the first surface position information based on the second surface position information acquired in advance while acquiring the third surface position information using the second measurement system It is possible to control the surface position in a direction parallel to the substantial optical axis of the system. As a result, the pattern formed on the mask can be accurately transferred onto the object to be exposed via the projection optical system while suppressing the occurrence of exposure failure due to defocusing.
- the mask and the object to be exposed are synchronously moved in a predetermined direction, and the pattern is transmitted via the projection optical system.
- a driving system that causes a driving force generated between the mover and the stator to act on the moving body to drive and deform the moving body in a direction parallel to and parallel to the first axis.
- a fourth exposure apparatus comprising: a system;
- the position information of the moving body at a plurality of measurement points in the two-dimensional plane is obtained by the optical method by the measurement system, and the plurality of measurement points are separated from each other in the direction parallel to the second axis.
- the shape information of the moving body is obtained using position information at at least three measurement points.
- the moving body can be deformed by the driving system based on the obtained shape information.
- the drive system can deform the moving body so that the pattern surface of the mask held by the moving body becomes an ideal plane. Therefore, the mask pattern can be transferred to the object to be exposed with high accuracy.
- a pattern is formed (transferred) on the object to be exposed using any one of the first to fourth exposure apparatuses of the present invention; and the pattern is formed (transferred). And developing the exposed object to be exposed.
- the mask and the object are synchronously moved in a predetermined direction to move the pattern onto the object via the projection optical system.
- first surface position information and obtaining second surface position information in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the moving body at a second measurement point having a predetermined positional relationship with the measurement region;
- a first exposure method including controlling a position of the moving body in a direction parallel to the optical axis based on a relationship with second surface position information.
- the first surface position information on the basis of the second surface position information is measured (acquired) in advance, and the pattern is irradiated with the illumination light while continuing the synchronous movement of the object and the moving body. Then, when projecting onto an object by projection optics (during scanning exposure), the first surface position information is measured (acquired) and the first surface position information obtained in advance is used as a reference.
- the surface position information it is possible to control the surface position in the direction parallel to the substantial optical axis of the projection optical system of the moving body that holds the mask. As a result, the pattern formed on the mask can be accurately transferred onto the object via the projection optical system while suppressing the occurrence of exposure failure due to defocusing.
- the static electricity removing device provided on the surface plate on the transport path of the mask located on one side of the illumination light irradiation region in a direction parallel to the first axis, and placed on the slider
- a second exposure method comprising: removing static electricity from the mask.
- the static eliminator removes the static electricity generated by the mask placed on the slider on the mask transport path, in other words, before the slider holding the mask moves to the illumination light irradiation area.
- the static eliminator removes static electricity with a mask from the surface plate side. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently remove the mask without reducing the throughput.
- a pattern is formed on an object using any one of the first and second exposure methods of the present invention; and the object on which the pattern is formed is developed. And a device manufacturing method is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an exposure apparatus of a first embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows a reticle stage apparatus.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing the reticle stage and counter mass of FIG. 2.
- 4A is a plan view showing the configuration of the reticle stage
- FIG. 4B is a longitudinal sectional view of the reticle stage device taken along line BB of FIG. 4A. It is a figure for demonstrating the structure of a reticle encoder system.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an input / output relationship of a main controller that mainly constitutes a control system of the exposure apparatus of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 8A is a plan view showing the reticle stage apparatus of the exposure apparatus of the second embodiment
- FIG. 8B is a longitudinal section of the reticle stage apparatus taken along line BB in FIG. 8A
- FIG. 9A is a plan view showing the vicinity of the reticle stage apparatus of the exposure apparatus of the second embodiment
- FIG. 9B is the vicinity of the reticle stage apparatus taken along line BB in FIG. 9A.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of the reticle encoder system of the exposure apparatus of 2nd Embodiment, and a labyrinth seal. It is FIG.
- FIG. 14A is a plan view showing the arrangement of the reticle AF sensor
- FIG. 14B is a diagram of the components in the vicinity of the reticle stage device when the reticle stage moves a predetermined distance in the + Y direction from the state of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view. 15A and 15B are diagrams for explaining the configuration of the reticle AF sensor, and FIG.
- FIG. 15C is a diagram for explaining the principle of creating a focus map. It is a block diagram which shows the input / output relationship of the main controller which mainly comprises the control system of the exposure apparatus of 4th Embodiment. It is a longitudinal sectional view of the reticle stage device of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 18A is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a reticle encoder system according to the fourth embodiment, and FIG. 18B is a diagram for explaining a method for deforming a reticle placed on a reticle stage. is there.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a configuration of an exposure apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the exposure apparatus 100 is a step-and-scan projection exposure apparatus, a so-called scanning stepper (also called a scanner).
- a projection optical system PL is provided, and in the following, the reticle R is set in the Z-axis direction in a direction parallel to the optical axis AX of the projection optical system PL and in a plane perpendicular to the Z-axis direction.
- a direction in which the wafer W and the wafer W are relatively scanned is a Y-axis direction
- a direction orthogonal to the Z-axis and the Y-axis is an X-axis direction
- rotation (tilt) directions around the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis are ⁇ x
- the exposure apparatus 100 includes an illumination unit IOP, a reticle stage apparatus 20 that includes a reticle stage RST that holds a reticle R and moves in a plane parallel to the XY plane, a projection optical system PL, and a wafer that drives the wafer W in the XY two-dimensional direction.
- a stage WST, a control system thereof, and a column 34 for holding the reticle stage device 20 and the projection optical system PL are provided.
- the illumination unit IOP includes a light source and an illumination optical system, and illuminates light (exposure light) IL in a rectangular or arcuate illumination area defined by a field stop (also referred to as a mask king blade or a reticle blind) disposed therein.
- the reticle R on which the circuit pattern is formed is illuminated with uniform illuminance.
- An illumination system similar to the illumination unit IOP is disclosed in, for example, US Pat. No. 5,534,970.
- ArF excimer laser light (wavelength 193 nm) is used as the illumination light IL.
- a part of the illumination light IL is taken out by a beam splitter arranged inside the illumination optical system, and an illuminance signal from a power monitor, also called an integrator sensor, is given to the main controller 50 (see FIG. 6).
- Reticle stage apparatus 20 surrounds reticle stage surface plate RBS arranged substantially in parallel at a predetermined interval below illumination unit IOP, reticle stage RST arranged on reticle stage surface plate RBS, and reticle stage RST.
- a counter mass 18 made of a frame-like member arranged on the reticle stage surface plate RBS, a reticle stage drive system 340 (see FIG. 6) for driving the reticle stage RST, and the like are provided.
- the reticle stage surface plate RBS has a plurality of (for example, three) anti-vibration units 14 on the top plate portion 32a of the column 34 (the anti-vibration units on the back side in FIG. 1 are not shown). It is supported substantially horizontally through.
- Reticle stage RST is arranged on reticle stage surface plate RBS, and reticle R is held on reticle stage RST. The specific configuration of reticle stage device 20 will be described in detail later.
- the projection optical system PL for example, a refractive optical system including a plurality of optical elements (lens elements) arranged along an optical axis AX parallel to the Z-axis direction is used.
- the projection optical system PL is, for example, both-side telecentric and has a predetermined projection magnification (for example, 1/4 or 1/5). For this reason, when the illumination area is illuminated by the illumination light IL from the illumination unit IOP, the illumination light that has passed through the reticle R arranged so that the first surface (object surface) and the pattern surface of the projection optical system PL substantially coincide with each other.
- a reduced image of the circuit pattern of the reticle in the illumination area is arranged on the second surface (image surface) side of the projection optical system PL via the projection optical system PL.
- a region (exposure region) conjugated to the illumination region on the wafer W having a resist (sensitive agent) coated on the surface thereof is formed.
- reticle R is moved relative to the illumination area (illumination light IL) in the scanning direction (Y-axis direction) and at the same time with respect to the exposure area (illumination light IL).
- illumination area illumination light IL
- Y-axis direction scanning direction
- the pattern of the reticle R is transferred to the shot area. That is, in the present embodiment, the pattern of the reticle R is generated on the wafer W by the illumination unit IOP and the projection optical system PL, and the sensitive layer (resist layer) on the wafer W is exposed on the wafer W by the illumination light IL. That pattern is formed.
- a flange FLG is provided at substantially the center in the height direction of the lens barrel of the projection optical system PL.
- the column 34 is substantially horizontal by a plurality of (for example, three) leg portions 32b (not shown in FIG. 1) and the three leg portions 32b. And a top plate portion 32a supported by the head. An opening 34a penetrating in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) is formed at the center of the top plate portion 32a. The upper end of the projection optical system PL is inserted into the opening 34a.
- Each of the three suspension support mechanisms 137 includes, for example, a coil spring 136 and a wire 135 which are connecting members having a flexible structure. Since the coil spring 136 vibrates like a pendulum in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis (Z axis) of the projection optical system PL, the vibration isolation performance in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the projection optical system PL (floor vibration is reduced).
- the projection optical system PL may be supported by the leg portion 32b of the column 34 via, for example, the flange FLG without being suspended and supported. Further, the projection optical system PL is placed on a support member (frame member) called, for example, a lens barrel surface plate or a metrology frame via the flange FLG, and this support member is suspended and supported on the top plate portion 32a. Or you may support by the leg part 32b of the column 34.
- frame member called, for example, a lens barrel surface plate or a metrology frame via the flange FLG
- a drive system 440 is provided.
- the drive system 440 includes, for example, a voice coil motor that drives the projection optical system PL in the radial direction of the lens barrel, and a voice coil motor that drives the projection optical system PL in the optical axis direction (Z-axis direction).
- the projection optical system PL can be displaced in the direction of six degrees of freedom by three drive systems 440 provided on the three legs 32b.
- the flange FLG of the projection optical system PL is provided with an acceleration sensor 234 (not shown in FIG. 1, refer to FIG. 6) for detecting the acceleration in the direction of 6 degrees of freedom of the projection optical system PL. Based on the detected acceleration information, main controller 50 (not shown in FIG. 1, refer to FIG. 6) causes drive system 440 so that projection optical system PL is stationary with respect to column 34 and floor F. Controls the driving of the voice coil motor. Note that another sensor such as a vibration sensor or a displacement sensor may be used instead of the acceleration sensor.
- a ring-shaped measurement mount 51 is suspended and supported via a plurality of (for example, three in this case) support members 53 (however, a support member on the back side of the paper surface is not shown).
- the three support members 53 are actually configured to include link members having flexure portions that can be displaced in directions of five degrees of freedom other than the longitudinal direction of the support member 53 at both ends thereof.
- the measurement mount 51 can be supported with almost no stress between it and the FLG.
- the measurement mount 51 includes a wafer interferometer 58, a wafer alignment system (hereinafter referred to as an alignment system) ALG (not shown in FIG. 1, refer to FIG. 6) as a mark detection system, and a multipoint focal position detection system (not shown). Etc. are held.
- an alignment system ALG for example, an image processing type FIA system disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,721,605 can be used.
- the multipoint focal position detection system for example, a multipoint focal position detection system disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,448,332 can be used.
- the interferometer 58, the wafer alignment system ALG, or the like is used with the above-described support member without providing the measurement mount 51. May be held.
- Wafer stage WST is levitated and supported on the upper surface of stage surface plate BS arranged horizontally below projection optical system PL via an air bearing or the like provided on the bottom surface.
- the stage surface plate BS is directly installed on the floor surface F, and the surface (upper surface) on the + Z side is processed so as to have a very high flatness, and the wafer stage WST.
- the movement reference plane (guide plane).
- the stage surface plate BS may be placed on the floor surface F via a plurality of vibration isolation mechanisms.
- Wafer stage WST holds wafer W by vacuum suction or the like via wafer holder 125, and stage controller BS by main controller 50 via wafer stage drive system 122 (not shown in FIG. 1, refer to FIG. 6). It can be driven freely in the XY plane along the upper surface.
- a planar motor may be used as wafer stage drive system 122.
- wafer stage WST may be supported by being floated on stage surface plate BS by magnetic force.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the external appearance of the reticle stage device 20.
- Reticle stage surface plate RBS is made of a substantially rectangular plate-like member in plan view (viewed from above), and has an opening RBSa (see FIGS. 1 and 4B, etc.) serving as a passage for illumination light IL at the center. ) Is formed.
- the opening RBSa is in communication with the opening 34a of the top plate portion 32a described above in the Z-axis direction.
- Convex portions RBSb and RBSc extend in the Y-axis direction at positions equidistant from the center in the ⁇ X direction and the + X direction on the upper surface of reticle stage surface plate RBS. ing.
- the upper surfaces (surfaces on the + Z side) of the convex portions RBSb and RBSc are processed so that the flatness is very high, and a guide surface is formed when the reticle stage RST is moved.
- a plurality of air pads are fixed at predetermined intervals in the vicinity of the outer peripheral portion of the upper surface of the reticle stage surface plate RBS.
- Counter mass 18 on the plurality of air pads are arranged. Some of these air pads, for example, air pads at the four corners of the reticle stage surface plate RBS, support the counter mass 18 in a non-contact manner on the upper surface (the surface on the + Z side) of the reticle stage surface plate RBS.
- the remaining air pads can adjust the balance between the vacuum suction force and the blowing pressure, and maintain a predetermined distance between the lower surface of the counter mass 18 and the upper surface of the reticle stage surface plate RBS.
- a plurality of (for example, three) anti-vibration units 14 shown in FIG. 1 provided between the reticle stage surface plate RBS and the top plate portion 32a each have a mechanical damper such as an air damper or a hydraulic damper. Contains. With this vibration isolation unit 14, it is possible to avoid transmission of relatively high frequency vibrations to the reticle stage RST by, for example, an air damper or a hydraulic damper. Further, between the reticle stage surface plate RBS and the top plate portion 32a, an X voice coil motor 66X that applies a driving force in the X-axis direction to the reticle stage surface plate RBS, and a Y voice that applies a driving force in the Y-axis direction. A coil motor 66Y and a Z voice coil motor 66Z (both not shown in FIG. 2, see FIG. 6) for applying a driving force in the Z-axis direction are provided.
- a mechanical damper such as an air damper or a hydraulic damper.
- At least one of the X voice coil motor 66X and the Y voice coil motor 66Y and two Z voice coil motors 66Z can be provided. That is, by providing at least one of the X voice coil motor 66X and the Y voice coil motor 66Y, the reticle stage surface plate RBS can be finely driven not only in the X axis direction and the Y axis direction but also in the ⁇ z direction. In addition, by providing three Z voice coil motors 66Z, the reticle stage surface plate RBS can be moved minutely not only in the Z-axis direction but also in the ⁇ x direction and the ⁇ y direction.
- the reticle stage surface plate RBS can be minutely driven in the direction of 6 degrees of freedom by the voice coil motors 66X, 66Y, and 66Z.
- the position of reticle stage surface plate RBS is measured with surface optical interferometer 240 and Z encoder 81 (both see FIG. 6) based on projection optical system PL.
- the three Z voice coil motors 66Z are provided at three positions not on a straight line between the reticle stage surface plate RBS and the top plate portion 32a.
- a plurality of deformation suppressing members (such as a voice coil motor) may be arranged between the reticle stage surface plate RBS and the top plate portion 32a.
- the main controller 50 changes the plurality of deformations according to the thrust generated by the three Z voice coil motors 66Z.
- the reticle stage surface plate RBS can be driven (displaced) in the Z, ⁇ x, and ⁇ y directions with its deformation suppressed as much as possible. .
- reticle stage RST includes reticle stage main body 22 and a pair of movers 30A and 30B fixed to both ends of reticle stage main body 22 in the X-axis direction. is doing.
- the reticle stage main body 22 includes a plan view (when viewed from above) rectangular plate-like portion 22 0, rectangular air to the Y-axis direction which is respectively fixed to the ⁇ X end of the plate-like portion 22 0 to the longitudinal direction It has slider parts 22 1 and 22 2 .
- the approximate center of the plate-like portion 22 0, the opening 22a as the passage of the illumination light IL is formed.
- a pair of vacuum chucks 95, 96 for attracting and holding the back surface of the reticle R is arranged.
- a pair of stoppers (positioning member) 93 and 94 are fixed on the -Y side of the portion of the plate-like portion 22 0 upper surface of the opening 22a. These stoppers 93 and 94 abut against the ⁇ Y side end face (side face) of the reticle R to position the reticle R.
- the clamper (pressing members) 91 and 92 consisting of a pair of pivot arms are attached.
- the clampers 91 and 92 form a pair with stoppers 93 and 94, respectively, and constitute clamp devices that hold the reticle R from one side and the other side in the Y-axis direction.
- One of the clamper 91, and the X-axis direction is the longitudinal direction, and pivotally attached to the plate-like portion 22 0 that -X end as a fulcrum (center of rotation). Further, a substantially hemispherical convex portion is provided opposite to the stopper 93 at the + X end portion of the ⁇ Y side surface of the clamper 91.
- the clamper 91 is always urged clockwise by an urging member such as a spring spring (not shown) so that the convex portion comes into pressure contact with the + Y side end surface of the reticle R.
- the other clamper 92 is configured in the same manner as the clamper 91 although it is symmetrical.
- the reticle R is placed on the plate-like portion 22 0 (reticle stage RST) in a state of closing the opening 22a from above.
- the reticle R is positioned with its ⁇ Y side surface coming into contact with the stoppers 93 and 94, and is fixed by a predetermined pressing force applied to the + Y side surface by the clampers 91 and 92. After the reticle R is fixed by the clampers 91 and 92 and the stoppers 93 and 94 in this way, both ends of the lower surface in the X-axis direction are sucked by the vacuum chucks 95 and 96.
- the clampers 91 and 92 are separated from the reticle R against the urging force.
- the upper surface pattern of the reticle R with a sucker or the like from above. Pick up and lift the surface opposite the surface.
- the outside of the pattern area of the reticle R is hooked with a hook or the like and lifted.
- the reticle R may be temporarily lifted up and down by a vertical movement member and transferred from the vertical movement member to the transfer arm.
- an actuator for example, a motor or an air cylinder
- an actuator for example, a motor or an air cylinder
- a rotation type but a slide-type clamper can also be used.
- reticle fiducial mark plates (hereinafter abbreviated as “reticle mark plates”) LF1, LF2 on which aerial image measurement reference marks are formed are aligned with reticle R. are arranged, it is fixed to the plate-like portion 22 0.
- the reticle mark plates LF1 and LF2 are made of the same glass material as that of the reticle R, for example, synthetic quartz, fluorite, lithium fluoride, or other fluoride crystals. Details of the reticle mark plate are disclosed in, for example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0041377.
- the reticle R has an XY plane whose pattern surface (lower surface) passes through the neutral surface of the reticle stage main body 22 (reticle stage RST) (the center of gravity of the reticle stage main body 22). (A plane parallel to the surface).
- the air slider portions 22 1 and 22 2 are lattice-shaped ribs for maintaining strength inside the air slider portion 22 1 as shown in FIG. And a hollow member having an inner space defined by the lattice-like ribs.
- the air slider portions 22 1 and 22 2 are formed of a rectangular parallelepiped member that is thinned so that only the rib portion remains in order to reduce the weight.
- the outer half of the bottom surface of the air slider portions 22 1 , 22 2 in the X-axis direction that is, the portion facing the above-described convex portions RBSc, RBSb of the reticle stage surface plate RBS as shown in FIG.
- the air supply groove and a pair of exhaust grooves (both not shown) on both sides in the X-axis direction of the air supply groove are formed over the entire length in the Y-axis direction.
- the air supply groove includes a trunk groove extending in the Y-axis direction, a plurality of T-shaped surface throttle grooves that are in communication with both sides of the trunk groove in the X-axis direction and are formed at predetermined intervals in the Y-axis direction, have.
- the reticle stage surface plate RBS is formed with an air supply port and a pair of exhaust ports on the upper surfaces of the convex portions RBSc and RBSb, respectively, facing at least a part of each of the air supply groove and the pair of exhaust grooves.
- a so-called surface plate supply type differential exhaust type static gas bearing is used. Details of the platen supply type differential exhaust type static gas bearing are disclosed in detail in, for example, US Pat. No. 7,489,389.
- the convex shape is formed by the balance between the static pressure of the pressurized gas supplied through the air supply port and sprayed from the surface throttle groove to the upper surfaces of the convex portions RBSc and RBSb and the total weight of the reticle stage RST.
- the reticle stage RST is levitated and supported in a non-contact manner over the portions RBSc and RBSb via a clearance (interval / gap) of about several microns.
- the pressurized gas a rare gas such as clean dry air (CDA), nitrogen, or helium is used as the pressurized gas.
- One mover 30A includes three mover portions 24, 25, and 26 having a longitudinal direction in the Y-axis direction and arranged in parallel with each other at a predetermined interval in the Z-axis direction.
- the three movable elements 24, 25, and 26 are arranged vertically symmetrically with respect to the neutral surface (the surface passing through the center of gravity and parallel to the XY plane) of the reticle stage body 22, and are movable at the center.
- the neutral surface of the child portion coincides with the neutral surface of the reticle stage main body 22.
- each of the mover portions 24, 25, and 26 incorporates a magnet unit having a plurality of permanent magnets arranged at predetermined intervals along the Y-axis direction.
- these magnet units are also referred to as magnet units 24, 25, and 26 using the same reference numerals as the corresponding mover portions.
- a plurality of permanent magnets are arranged so that the polarities of the adjacent permanent magnets in the Y-axis direction are alternately opposite to each other.
- the permanent magnets arranged in the magnet units 24, 25, and 26 and adjacent in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) have the same polarity.
- the protrusion 25 0 is provided at the center portion of the Y-axis direction.
- One permanent magnet 25X to the Y-axis direction is the longitudinal direction in the protruding portion 25 0 are accommodated.
- the other mover 30B includes three mover portions 27, 28, and 29, and is configured in the same manner as the mover 30A although it is bilaterally symmetric. Accordingly, each of the mover portions 27, 28, 29 includes a magnet unit having a plurality of permanent magnets arranged along the Y-axis direction (see FIG. 4B). Mover sections 28 and 29, i.e. of the magnet unit 27, 28, and 29, the magnet unit 28, the protruding portions 28 0 is provided in the central portion of the Y-axis direction, Y axis in the projecting portion 28 in the 0 One permanent magnet 28X whose direction is the longitudinal direction is accommodated (see FIGS. 4A and 4B).
- Each of the movers 31A and 31B engages with the stators 40A and 40B as shown in FIG.
- one stator 40A includes a pair of stator portions 36 and 37 arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval in the Z-axis direction.
- the stator portions 36 and 37 are fixedly supported at both ends in the longitudinal direction (Y-axis direction) on the + Y side inner surface and the ⁇ Y side inner surface of the counter mass 18, and
- One end portion (+ X end portion) in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) is fixedly supported on the inner surface on one side ( ⁇ X-side inner surface) of the counter mass 18 in the X-axis direction.
- armature units including a plurality of armature coils arranged along the Y-axis direction are built in the stator portions 36 and 37, respectively.
- these armature units are also referred to as armature units 36 and 37 using the same reference numerals as the corresponding stator portions.
- one armature coil (referred to as a first coil) is provided for two permanent magnets (referred to as first and second magnets for convenience) adjacent in the Y-axis direction. ) Of both sides in the Y-axis direction (coil portions) simultaneously face each other, a pair of armature coils adjacent to the first coil on one side and the other side in the Y-axis direction (for convenience, the second and third coils)
- the center space (or the core) faces the permanent magnets (referred to as third and fourth magnets) adjacent to the first and second magnets on one side and the other side in the Y-axis direction, respectively.
- the interval in the Y-axis direction of the armature coils inside the stator portions 36 and 37 is determined.
- stator portions 36 and 37 as shown in FIG. 4B, single rectangular coils 36X and 37X that are elongated in the Y-axis direction are accommodated at the end on the + X side.
- the other stator 40B includes a pair of stator portions 38 and 39 (also referred to as armature units 38 and 39) and is symmetrical with the stator 40A. It is constituted similarly. As shown in FIG. 4B, a single rectangular coil 38X, 39X that is elongated in the Y-axis direction is housed inside the stator portions 38, 39, as shown in FIG. 4B.
- armature units 36 to 39 and six magnet units 24 to 29 constitute four sets of Y linear motors.
- a moving magnet type Y linear motor (hereinafter, the same as the armature unit constituting the stator portion thereof) is constituted by the magnet units 24 and 25 and the armature unit 36 whose upper and lower surfaces face each other.
- the Y linear motor 36 is expressed using the reference numerals).
- the magnet units 25 and 26 and the armature unit 37 whose upper and lower surfaces are opposed to each other make a moving magnet type Y linear motor (hereinafter, the same reference numerals as those of the armature unit constituting the stator portion thereof).
- the magnet unit (mover part) 25 is shared by a pair of upper and lower Y linear motors 36 and 37.
- the magnet units 27 and 28 and the armature unit 38 whose upper and lower surfaces are opposed to each other make a moving magnet type Y linear motor (hereinafter, the same reference numerals as those of the armature unit constituting the stator portion thereof). Used to represent the Y linear motor 38).
- the magnet units 28 and 29 and the armature unit 39 whose upper and lower surfaces are opposed to each other make a moving magnet type Y linear motor (hereinafter, the same reference numerals as those of the armature unit constituting the stator portion thereof). Used to represent the Y linear motor 39). That is, the magnet unit (mover part) 28 is shared by a pair of upper and lower Y linear motors 38 and 39.
- the two sets each of a total of four Y linear motors 36, 37, 38, and 39, constitute a first drive system 340a (see FIG. 6) that drives the reticle stage RST in the Y-axis direction and the ⁇ z direction.
- the first drive system 340a (see FIG. 6) that drives the reticle stage RST in the Y-axis direction and the ⁇ z direction.
- the first drive system 340a among the plurality of armature coils belonging to the armature units 36 to 39 of the stators 40A and 40B, one armature coil (one piece) facing the permanent magnet of the corresponding magnet unit (movable part).
- an equivalent driving force in the Y-axis direction acts on each of the movable parts 24 to 29.
- the reticle stage RST can be driven to translate in the Y-axis direction.
- the movers 24 to 29 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the neutral plane of the reticle stage RST, the pitching moment hardly acts on the reticle stage RST.
- the reticle stage RST is moved to the Z-axis by making the magnitudes of currents supplied to the armature coils belonging to the armature units 36 and 37 and the armature coils belonging to the armature units 38 and 39 different from each other. It can be finely driven in the rotational direction around ([theta] z direction).
- an armature coil facing a permanent magnet of a magnet unit (movable part) corresponding to a central space (or core part) is targeted.
- the armature unit 36A and the armature unit 37 side are supplied with currents in opposite directions to the target armature coil, whereby the mover 30A is moved in the + Z direction or the -Z direction with respect to the stator 40A. It can also be finely driven.
- the + Z direction and the ⁇ Z direction are determined according to the direction of the supplied current.
- the armature coil facing the permanent magnet of the magnet unit (movable part) corresponding to the central space (or core part) is targeted.
- the mover 30B is moved to the stator 40B in the + Z direction or ⁇ Z. It can also be finely driven in the direction. Therefore, in the first drive system 340a, the reticle stage RST can be finely driven in the Z-axis direction and the ⁇ y direction (rotation direction around the Y axis).
- the mover 30A when the mover 30A is finely driven in the + Z direction or the ⁇ Z direction with respect to the stator 40A, the magnitude (or direction) of the current supplied to the armature coils belonging to the same armature unit. Is made different according to the position of the armature coil in the Y-axis direction, so that the mover 30A can be finely driven in the ⁇ x direction (rotation direction around the X-axis). Similarly, it is also possible to finely driven mover 30B in the ⁇ x direction.
- Motor 25X Similarly, it includes coils 38X, 39X, and permanent magnets 28X whose upper and lower magnetic pole faces are opposed to these, and an X voice coil motor (hereinafter, the X voice using the same reference numerals as the permanent magnets constituting the mover portion).
- the X voice coil motors 25X and 28X constitute a second drive system 340b (see FIG. 6) that drives the reticle stage RST in the X-axis direction.
- the reticle stage drive system 340 includes a first drive system 340a and a second drive system 340b.
- the gratings RG1 and RG2 extend over substantially the entire length in the Y-axis direction on the bottom surfaces of the air slider portions 22 1 and 22 2 (see FIG. 5).
- a reflection type two-dimensional diffraction grating whose periodic directions are the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is formed on the respective surfaces of the gratings RG1, RG2.
- the reticle stage is not limited to the above-described configuration.
- the reticle stage surface plate RBS is fixed on the top plate portion 32a (via a vibration isolation unit) and moved thereon.
- the reticle stage may be constituted by a coarse / fine movement stage.
- a coarse movement stage that moves in each of the X-axis, Y-axis, and ⁇ z directions, and a fine movement stage that is arranged on the coarse movement stage and holds the reticle R, can be finely moved in the direction of 6 degrees of freedom.
- You may comprise by a fine movement stage. In this case, the position measurement of the reticle stage surface plate RBS is not required.
- a hexagonal upper surface member 60 having a rectangular opening PLa formed in the center as shown in FIG. 5 is fixed (see FIG. 4B).
- the opening PLa is an optical path (passage) of the illumination light IL that passes through the pattern surface of the reticle R and passes through the opening RBSa of the reticle stage surface plate RBS.
- Three encoder heads 72, 73, 74 and 77, 78, 79 are fixed to both ends of the upper surface of the upper surface member 60 in the X-axis direction (both sides of the opening PLa).
- the encoder heads 72 and 77 are near the + Y side corner of the aperture PLa, the encoder heads 74 and 79 are near the ⁇ Y side corner, and the encoder heads 73 and 78 are the center of the aperture PLa (that is, the light of the projection optical system PL). It is arranged at the same Y position as (axis).
- the three encoder heads 72, 73, 74 and 77, 78, 79 are opposed to the gratings RG1, RG2, respectively.
- the encoder heads 72 to 74 and 77 to 79 have two measurement directions, ie, one direction parallel to the grating (measurement surface) (one period direction of the grating) and a direction perpendicular to the measurement surface.
- a two-dimensional encoder head is employed.
- An example of such a head is disclosed in, for example, US Pat. No. 7,561,280.
- the four encoder heads 72, 74, 77, and 79 have the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction as measurement directions, and the two encoder heads 73 and 78 have the X-axis direction and Z-axis direction as measurement directions.
- the encoder heads 72, 73, 74 are provided with a measurement beam on the grating RG 1 on the bottom surface of the reticle stage RST (air slider portion 22 1 ) through the opening RBSa of the reticle stage surface plate RBS. Is received from below, and a plurality of diffracted lights generated by the grating RG1 are received, and position information of the grating RG1 (that is, the air slider portion 22 1 of the reticle stage RST) in each measurement direction is obtained (measured).
- the coherent measurement beam is irradiated (incident) so that the gratings RG1 and RG2 are irradiated in both the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
- Diffracted light is generated at a plurality of angles (diffraction angles). Therefore, the encoder heads 72 and 74 receive a plurality of diffracted lights generated in the Y-axis direction, and the grating RG1 (that is, the reticle stage) in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction with the irradiation point of each measurement beam as the measurement point.
- the position information of the air slider portion 22 1 ) of the RST is obtained (measured).
- the encoder head 73 receives a plurality of diffracted lights generated in the X-axis direction, and uses the measurement beam irradiation point as a measurement point to measure the grating RG1 in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction (that is, the air slider portion 22 of the reticle stage RST). 1 ) The position information of 1 ) is obtained (measured).
- the encoder heads 72, 73, 74 obtain (measure) position information regarding the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction of the reticle stage RST, and a first encoder system 71 having six degrees of freedom in measurement (see FIG. 6). Measurement information of the first encoder system 71 (encoder heads 72, 73, 74) is sent to the main controller 50 (see FIG. 6).
- the encoder heads 77, 78, 79 are connected to the grating RG 2 on the bottom surface of the reticle stage RST (air slider portion 22 2 ) through the opening RBSa of the reticle stage surface plate RBS, similarly to the encoder heads 72, 73, 74 described above.
- a measurement beam is irradiated from below, and a plurality of diffracted lights generated by the grating RG2 are received, and position information of the grating RG2 (that is, the air slider portion 22 2 of the reticle stage RST) in each measurement direction is obtained (measured). ).
- the encoder heads 77 and 79 receive a plurality of diffracted lights generated in the Y-axis direction, and the grating RG2 (that is, the reticle) in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction with the irradiation point of each measurement beam as the measurement point.
- Position information of the air slider portion 22 2 ) of the stage RST is obtained (measured).
- the encoder head 78 receives a plurality of diffracted lights generated in the X-axis direction, and uses the measurement beam irradiation point as a measurement point to measure the grating RG2 in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction (that is, the air slider portion 22 of the reticle stage RST). 2 ) Find (measure) position information.
- the encoder head 77, 78, 79 obtains (measures) position information regarding the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction of the reticle stage RST, and a second encoder system 76 having six degrees of freedom (see FIG. 6).
- Measurement information of the second encoder system 76 is sent to the main controller 50 (see FIG. 6).
- Main controller 50 has a reticle stage with reference to the center (optical axis) of projection optical system PL based on the measurement information of first and second encoder systems 71 and 76 (encoder heads 72 to 74, 77 to 79). Position information regarding the six degrees of freedom direction of RST, that is, the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, the Z-axis direction, the ⁇ x direction, the ⁇ y direction, and the ⁇ z direction is obtained (calculated).
- a reticle encoder system 70 is configured including the first and second encoder systems 71 and 76 (see FIG. 6).
- main controller 50 for example, an average air slider section 22 1 of the Y position of reticle stage RST from the measurement values of the position of the measured Y-axis direction by the encoder heads 72, 74 (Y 1), the encoder X position of the air slider 22 reticle stage RST from the measurement values of the position of the measured X-axis direction by the head 73 seek (X 1).
- main controller 50 obtains the average air slider section 22 2 of the Y position of reticle stage RST from the measurement values of the position of the the Y-axis direction measured by the encoder heads 77, 79 (Y 2), the encoder head 78 X position of the air slider 22 2 of the reticle stage RST from the measurement values of the position of the measured X-axis direction determine the (X 2). Further, main controller 50, than the average and the difference between Y 1 and Y 2, respectively, Y position and [theta] z position of the reticle stage RST ([theta] z direction rotation amount, i.e. yawing amount) sought, the X 1 and X 2 The X position of reticle stage RST is obtained from the average.
- main controller 50 determines the Z position and ⁇ y position (rotation amount in the ⁇ y direction, that is, rolling in the ⁇ y direction) of reticle stage RST from the average and difference of the measured values of the position in the Z-axis direction measured by encoder heads 73 and 78, respectively. (Quantity).
- the ⁇ x positions ( ⁇ x 1 , ⁇ x 2 ) of the air slider portions 22 1 and 22 2 are obtained from the difference between the measured values of the positions in the Z-axis direction measured by the encoder heads 72, 74 and 77, 79, respectively, and ⁇ x 1 and the average [theta] x position of the reticle stage RST from the [theta] x 2 ([theta] x direction rotation amount, i.e. pitching amount) is determined.
- the X, Y, Z, and ⁇ x positions of the reticle stage RST are obtained by averaging any two measured values in the above-described directions measured by the encoder system 70, and using any one of the measured values as they are. Also good.
- the main controller 50 drives (controls) the reticle stage RST via the reticle stage drive system 340 described above based on the positional information about the six degrees of freedom direction of the reticle stage RST obtained as described above.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the input / output relationship of the main controller 50 that mainly constitutes the control system of the exposure apparatus 100 of the present embodiment.
- the main controller 50 includes a so-called microcomputer (or workstation) comprising a CPU (Central Processing Unit), ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), etc., and controls the entire apparatus. Control.
- microcomputer or workstation
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- ROM Read Only Memory
- RAM Random Access Memory
- a reticle loader (not shown) loads the reticle R onto the reticle stage RST, and a wafer loader (not shown) loads the wafer W onto the wafer stage WST.
- an alignment system ALG see FIG. 6
- a reticle alignment system (not shown), etc., for example, according to a predetermined procedure disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,646,413, the reticle alignment and alignment system ALG Preparatory work such as baseline measurement is performed.
- reticle alignment may be performed using an aerial image measuring instrument (not shown) provided on wafer stage WST.
- the main controller 50 executes wafer alignment such as EGA (Enhanced Global Alignment) disclosed in, for example, US Pat. No. 4,780,617 using the alignment system ALG, and the wafer alignment. After completion of the exposure operation by the step-and-scan method is performed. Since this exposure operation is the same as the conventional step-and-scan method, its description is omitted.
- EGA Enhanced Global Alignment
- the wafer stage WST and the reticle stage RST are relatively driven in the Y-axis direction under the control of the main controller 50.
- main controller 50 controls reticle stage drive system 340 (Y linear motors 36, 37, 38, 39 and X voice coil motors 25X, 28X) based on the measurement result of reticle encoder system 70, and the reticle.
- the stage RST is driven.
- main controller 50 controls X voice coil motor 66X and Y voice coil motor 66Y described above based on the measurement result of surface plate interferometer 240 so that reticle stage surface plate RBS maintains a predetermined state.
- the Z voice coil motor 66Z is controlled based on the measurement result of the Z encoder 81 to adjust the position of the reticle stage surface plate RBS in the Z direction and the ⁇ x and ⁇ y directions, thereby indirectly adjusting the Z direction of the reticle R and The position in the ⁇ x and ⁇ y directions is adjusted.
- the reticle unit RST is composed of a magnet unit (mover part) 25 located in the center in the Z-axis direction, a magnet unit (mover part) 24 located on the + Z side, and an armature unit (stator part) 36.
- a Y linear motor 36 is configured to drive in the Y-axis direction.
- a magnet unit (mover part) 25 located on the ⁇ Z side, and an armature unit (stator part) 37 are provided.
- the Y linear motor 37 is configured to drive the reticle stage RST in the Y-axis direction.
- the magnet unit (mover part) 28 located in the center in the Z-axis direction and its A magnet unit (mover part) 27 and an armature unit (stator part) 38 positioned on the + Z side constitute a Y linear motor 38 that drives the reticle stage RST in the Y-axis direction.
- a magnet unit (mover part) 28, a magnet unit (mover part) 29 located on the ⁇ Z side thereof, and an armature unit (stator part) 39 are provided.
- a Y linear motor 39 is configured to drive the reticle stage RST in the Y-axis direction. Accordingly, the reticle stage RST can be driven in a direction parallel to the Y axis with high output by these two pairs of Y linear motors 36, 37, 38, 39.
- the magnet unit (movable part) 25 is shared by the Y linear motors 36 and 37
- the magnet unit (movable part) 28 is shared by the Y linear motors 38 and 39.
- the movable part of the reticle stage device 20 can be reduced in weight. Thereby, it is possible to further increase the acceleration and improve the position controllability of the reticle stage RST and the reticle R held thereon.
- encoder heads 72 to 74 and 77 to 79 installed in projection optical system PL are used on the bottom surface of reticle stage RST (air slider portions 22 1 and 22 2 ).
- a reticle encoder system 70 is employed in which the gratings RG1 and RG2 provided are irradiated with a measurement beam from directly below to obtain (measure) the position information of the reticle stage RST.
- the above-described magnet units (movable elements) 25 and 28 can be arranged at the height of the neutral surface.
- the reticle stage drive system 340 having the above-described configuration can be employed.
- the reticle R can be driven with high precision by the reticle stage apparatus 20, so that the pattern formed on the reticle R with high precision can be formed on the wafer W by scanning exposure. Can be transferred with high accuracy.
- the same configuration is adopted although it is symmetric with respect to the Y-axis direction, the present invention is not limited to this, and the movable part (magnet unit in the above embodiment) positioned at the center in the Z-axis direction is not limited to this.
- a configuration shared by a pair of stator parts (an armature unit in the above embodiment) (hereinafter referred to as a shared configuration of the mover part according to the present invention) may be adopted.
- a reflection surface is provided on the end face on the other drive system side in the direction parallel to the second axis of the moving body, and interference is caused.
- the total may be to measure the position about the second axis direction of the moving body.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the input / output relationship of the main controller 50 that mainly constitutes the control system of the exposure apparatus of the second embodiment.
- the main controller 50 is connected to the same components as those of the first embodiment described above, and the auxiliary apparatus.
- the encoder system 87, the temperature controller controller 280, the drive unit 46, and the X-ray ionizer 42 are further connected.
- the auxiliary encoder system 87, the temperature controller controller 280, the drive unit 46, and the X-ray ionizer 42 will be described, focusing on the differences from the first embodiment.
- a light transmission window member for example, a glass plate or a lens
- a purge cover 80 is provided below an annular fixing member 90 for fixing to the IOP housing.
- Purge cover 80 is a rectangular cylindrical portion 82 1 elongated in the X-axis direction in a plan view, the flange portion 82 2 provided at the upper end of the cylindrical portion 82 1, + Y direction from the lower end of the cylindrical portion 82 1 And a pair of plate portions 82 3 and 82 4 respectively extending in the ⁇ Y direction.
- Flange portion 82 2 its upper surface is fixed to the lower surface of the fixed member 90.
- the cylindrical portion 82 1 surrounds the irradiation area of illumination light IL emitted from the illumination unit IOP.
- X-axis direction length of the cylindrical portion 82 1 is somewhat longer set than the distance in the X-axis direction between the outer edge of the air slider 22 1, 22 2 of the reticle stage RST.
- Plate portion 82 3 is a parallel plate-shaped portion to the XY plane extending from the lower end of the cylindrical portion 82 1 of the + Y side on the + Y side.
- the lower surface of the plate portion 82 3, thin plate-shaped proximity cooling device 110A is fixed.
- the lower surface of the proximity cooling device 110A is located slightly higher than the upper end surface of the reticle stage RST.
- Plate portion 82 4 is a parallel plate-shaped portion to the XY plane extending toward the -Y side from the lower end of the cylindrical portion 82 1 of the -Y side.
- the lower surface of the plate portion 82 4, thin plate-shaped proximity cooling device 110B is fixed.
- the lower surface of the proximity cooling device 110B is located on the same XY plane as the lower surface of the proximity cooling device 110A.
- the end cover 23 1 covers the + Y end of the end surface and the upper surface of the air slider 22 1, 22 2 of the + Y side, the end cover 23 2, air slider section 22 1, 22 2 -Y
- the end face on the side and the ⁇ Y end on the top face are covered.
- the space in which the reticle R is placed is surrounded by the end covers 23 1 and 23 2 and the air slider portions 22 1 and 22 2 in the four directions of front, rear, left and right.
- each predetermined clearance (gap / spacing / gap (gap) / space
- a clearance (gap / interval / gap (gap) / space distance) of several ⁇ m to several mm (3 mm at the maximum), for example, is formed.
- the length of the proximity cooling devices 110A, 110B of the X-axis direction is the cylindrical portion 82 1 of the X-axis direction length and set equal to or slightly shorter.
- proximity cooling device 110A in the movable range in the Y-axis direction during scanning exposure of the reticle stage RST, regardless of its position, so that the lower surface may at least partially opposite to the end cover 23 1
- the length in the Y-axis direction and the installation position are set.
- proximity cooling device 110 ⁇ / b > B can have its lower surface at least partially opposed to end cover 232, regardless of its position, within the range of movement of reticle stage RST in the Y-axis direction during scanning exposure.
- the length in the Y-axis direction and the installation position are set.
- the purge cover 80, the proximity cooling devices 110A and 110B, the end covers 23 1 and 23 2 , the air slider portions 22 1 and 22 2, and the reticle R are substantially used.
- An airtight space 181 is formed.
- clean dry air (CDA) having a humidity of 1% or less is supplied as a purge gas from a supply port (not shown) and exhausted to the outside through an exhaust port (not shown). That is, the internal gas (air) in the space 181 is purged with CDA.
- CDA has an extremely small ratio of water vapor, which is a haze generation reaction acceleration substance of a reticle (mask), compared to normal air.
- the space 181 is a substantially airtight purge chamber.
- this space is referred to as a first purge space 181.
- the first purge space 181 is in a state where the control accuracy of the internal humidity can be maintained at a predetermined level. For example, when the inside is purged with a CDA of 1%, the humidity is reduced to about 2%. It is airtight enough to maintain.
- the first purge space 181 can suppress the occurrence of fogging of an optical member such as a lens of an illumination unit in contact with the space 181 due to the presence of water vapor.
- the first purge space 181 can be suppressed to such an extent that it does not hinder exposure. It is airtight.
- the proximity cooling devices 110A and 110B are cooled by heat exchange with a refrigerant passing through the inside of a cooling pipe (not shown).
- the temperatures of the proximity cooling devices 110A and 110B are monitored by a temperature sensor (not shown), and the temperature signal is transmitted to the temperature controller controller 280 (see FIG. 7) so as to be controlled to a target value as described later. It has become.
- the temperature control of the proximity cooling devices 110A and 110B can be achieved by changing the temperature of the refrigerant.
- a semiconductor Peltier element (not shown) is installed between the proximity cooling devices 110A and 110B and the refrigerant, and a current flowing therethrough is changed. This can also be achieved by actively controlling the amount of heat transfer.
- the proximity cooling devices 110A and 110B cool the reticle R and the reticle stage RST in a non-contact manner. That is, reticle R (and reticle stage RST) is cooled by radiant heat transfer by proximity cooling devices 110A and 110B.
- a seal is made via a labyrinth seal LB which is a kind of non-contact seal.
- a labyrinth seal LB which is a kind of non-contact seal.
- the labyrinth seal LB shown in FIG. 8 is attached between the reticle stage surface plate RBS and the projection optical system PL so as to surround the opening RBSa.
- the labyrinth seal LB is engaged with the upper member having a top end fixed to the lower surface of the reticle stage surface plate RBS in a state of surrounding the periphery of the opening RBSa without contact with the upper member.
- the lower surface of the projection optical system PL is fixed to the upper surface of the projection optical system PL.
- the upper member is concentric as viewed from the ⁇ Z direction and has multiple protrusions
- the lower member is located slightly outside the upper member and is concentric as viewed from the + Z direction and engages the upper member in a non-contact manner. And has multiple protrusions (see FIG. 10). However, the two protrusions are always in non-contact engagement without contacting each other even when the reticle stage surface plate RBS is finely driven.
- the reticle R and the reticle stage main body 22 the inner wall surface of the opening RBSa of the reticle stage surface plate RBS, A substantially airtight space 182 defined by the upper surface of the projection optical system PL and the labyrinth seal LB is formed.
- CDA is supplied into the space 182 from a blowout port 192 (see FIG. 8) provided in a part of the inner wall surface of the opening RBSa of the reticle stage surface plate RBS, and is exhausted to the outside through an exhaust port (not shown). ing. That is, the internal gas (air) in the space 182 is purged with CDA.
- the space 182 is a substantially airtight purge chamber. In the following, it referred to as the space between the second purge space 182.
- the second purge space 182 is also set in an airtight state comparable to the first purge space 181 described above.
- the upper surface of the reticle stage surface plate RBS that is a predetermined distance in the + Y direction from the second encoder system 76 (encoder heads 77, 78, 79) located in the opening RBSa of the reticle stage surface plate RBS.
- a rectangular concave portion RBSd having a predetermined depth is formed adjacent to the convex portions RBSb and RBSc.
- a pair of encoder heads 83, 84 are arranged on the same straight line in the Y-axis direction as the encoder heads 77, 78, 79 described above at the end on the + X side inside the recess RBSd.
- a pair of encoder heads 85 and 86 are arranged symmetrically with the pair of encoder heads 83 and 84 at the end on the ⁇ X side inside the recess RBSd.
- the encoder heads 85, 86 are arranged on the same straight line in the Y-axis direction as the encoder heads 72, 73, 74 described above.
- the encoder heads 83, 84, 85 and 86 the same two-dimensional encoder heads as the encoder heads 72 to 74 and 77 to 79 are used.
- the two encoder heads 83 and 85 have the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction as measurement directions
- the two encoder heads 84 and 86 have the X-axis direction and Z-axis direction as measurement directions.
- the encoder heads 85 and 86 irradiate the grating RG2 on the bottom surface of the reticle stage RST (air slider portion 22 2 ) from below with a plurality of diffracted lights generated by the grating RG2.
- Light is received, and position information of the grating RG2 (that is, the air slider portion 22 2 of the reticle stage RST) regarding each measurement direction is obtained (measured).
- the encoder heads 83 and 84 irradiate the grating RG1 on the bottom surface of the reticle stage RST (air slider portion 22 1 ) with a measurement beam from below, and generate a plurality of beams generated in the grating RG1.
- position information of the grating RG1 that is, the air slider portion 22 1 of the reticle stage RST) in each measurement direction is obtained (measured).
- An auxiliary encoder system 87 for measuring the above is configured. Measurement information of each encoder head of the auxiliary encoder system 87 is sent to the main controller 50 (see FIG. 7).
- a rectangular X-ray ionizer 42 that is elongated in the X-axis direction in a plan view has its head upward. It is fixed towards.
- the X-ray ionizer 42 for example, a photoionization system using an ion generation method (photoionization) is used. Since this photoionization system has a uniform ion generation balance, reverse charging is not caused, and molecules in the vicinity of the charged body are ionized to remove electricity, so that the electricity removal efficiency is extremely high. Moreover, dust, electromagnetic noise, ozone, etc. are not generated.
- the X-ray ionizer 42 is controlled by the main controller 50 including ON / OFF (see FIG. 7).
- a pair of vertical movement members 44 are provided at both ends in the Y-axis direction across the X-ray ionizer 42 inside the recess RBSd. Yes.
- Each vertical movement member 44 is driven in the Z-axis direction by the drive unit 46.
- These four vertical movement member 44 when the reticle stage RST came directly above, through the plate-like portion 22 0 that is formed an opening 22a of the reticle stage main body 22, a position such that retractably thereon Arranged in relation.
- the four vertical movement members 44 are respectively arranged at positions facing both outer sides in the Y-axis direction of the pattern area of the reticle R placed on the reticle stage main body 22.
- the suction of the reticle R by the vacuum chucks 95, 96 is released, and the reticle R is fixed by the clampers 91, 92.
- the four vertical movement members 44 are driven upward, so that the reticle R is lifted above the reticle stage main body 22.
- the drive units 46 of the four vertically moving members 44 are controlled by the main controller 50 (see FIG. 7).
- a U-shaped transfer arm 140 in plan view is provided in the transfer path of the reticle R.
- the transport arm 140 is reciprocated in the Y-axis direction by a drive system (not shown).
- the reticle R is transferred between the transfer arm 140 and the four vertical movement members 44.
- Drive system of the transfer arm 140 (not shown) is also controlled by the main controller 50.
- the downstream side (side closer to the illumination unit IOP) of the conveyance path of the reticle R including the movement path of the conveyance arm 140 is covered with the cover 150 as shown in FIG.
- the purge space 183 is purged with clean dry air (CDA).
- the configuration of other parts is the same as that of the exposure apparatus 100 of the first embodiment described above.
- the main controller 50 loads the reticle R onto the reticle stage RST as follows.
- the driving system (not shown) of the transfer arm 140 is controlled by the main controller 50, and the transfer arm 140 holding the reticle R passes through the purge space 183 to the reticle replacement position. It proceeds in the -Y direction toward the upper side of the waiting reticle stage RST. During this movement, the air around the transfer arm 140 and the reticle R is purged with CDA. As a result, the occurrence of haze in the reticle R during conveyance is effectively suppressed.
- the four vertical movement members 44 are driven up to the position shown in FIG.
- the main controller 50 stops the transfer arm 140 at that position and further drives the four vertical movement members 44 to move upward. To do.
- the reticle R is transferred from the transfer arm 140 to the four vertical movement members 44, and the four vertical movement members 44 are further raised and stopped.
- the main controller 50 starts driving in the + Y direction to return the transfer arm 140 to the original position.
- the main controller 50 drives the four vertical movement members 44 to descend.
- the reticle R supported by the four vertically moving members 44 is loaded onto the reticle stage RST (reticle stage main body 22).
- the main controller 50 activates the X-ray ionizer 42 to remove static electricity from the reticle R, that is, remove static electricity from the reticle R. Start.
- the space in the conveyance path is purged with CDA, so that the conveyance arm 140 of the reticle R moves from the vertical movement member 44 to the vertical movement member 44.
- the humidity of the atmosphere is low, and static electricity due to peeling electrification is likely to occur.
- static elimination is performed from the pattern surface side of the reticle R by the ion generation method, efficient static elimination is possible.
- main controller 50 performs reticle R suction using vacuum chucks 95, 96, drive-down of vertical movement member 44, and position measurement of reticle stage RST using encoder heads 83-86. Done.
- main controller 50 drives reticle stage RST by a predetermined distance in the -Y direction, and the position of reticle stage RST can be measured using a part of the encoder encoder system 70 and encoder heads 83-86. Then, the measurement values of the encoder heads 83 to 86 and the measurement value of the reticle encoder system 70 are connected, and the robot stops at a predetermined position.
- wafer W is loaded onto wafer stage WST by a wafer loader (not shown). Then, as in the first embodiment, the main controller 50 performs preparatory work such as reticle alignment, baseline measurement of the alignment system ALG, wafer alignment such as EGA (enhanced global alignment), An AND-scan exposure operation is performed.
- preparatory work such as reticle alignment, baseline measurement of the alignment system ALG, wafer alignment such as EGA (enhanced global alignment), An AND-scan exposure operation is performed.
- the wafer stage WST and the reticle stage RST are relatively driven in the Y-axis direction under the control of the main controller 50.
- the main controller 50 performs the measurement of the reticle encoder system 70.
- reticle stage drive system 340 is controlled to drive reticle stage RST.
- reticle stage RST reciprocates within a predetermined range with respect to the Y-axis direction.
- the airtight state is maintained not only in purge space 182 but also in purge space 181, and CDA purge is effectively performed.
- the reticle stage RST repeats reciprocating movement in the Y-axis direction.
- the temperature controller 280 makes a pair of close proximity provided in the Y-axis direction.
- Main controller 50 calculates an exposure time ratio (duty ratio for opening and closing the shutter) based on the illuminance signal from the power monitor (integrator sensor) described above, and the calculation result, known illuminance, and pattern aperture ratio of reticle R The exposure energy is calculated based on data such as reflectance, and the amount of heat Q given to the reticle R is predicted based on the calculation result. Then, main controller 50 determines the temperature of proximity cooling devices 110A and 110B using a predetermined mathematical formula so that this amount of heat Q coincides with the amount of heat q applied from reticle R to proximity cooling devices 110A and 110B during radiation cooling. A target value is determined and a command value is transmitted to the temperature controller controller 280. Thus, the temperature of the proximity cooling devices 110A and 110B is controlled by the temperature controller controller 280 and adjusted so that the temperature of the reticle R falls within a predetermined range.
- an exposure time ratio duty ratio for opening and closing the shutter
- the exposure apparatus has an X arranged on the reticle stage surface plate RBS on the transport path of the reticle R located on one side (+ Y side) in the Y-axis direction of the irradiation region of the illumination light IL.
- a wire ionizer 42 is provided. For this reason, the static electricity charged on the reticle R placed on the reticle stage RST by the X-ray ionizer 42 is transferred onto the reticle transport path, in other words, the reticle stage RST holding the reticle R in the irradiation area of the illumination light IL. Is removed before moving.
- the X-ray ionizer 42 removes static electricity from the reticle R from the reticle stage surface plate RBS side (from the pattern surface side of the reticle R). Therefore, the reticle can be efficiently neutralized without reducing the throughput.
- the reticle stage RST and the reticle R are on one surface of the + Z side (illumination unit IOP side) in a region where the illumination light IL between the illumination unit IOP and the reticle R is not blocked.
- Proximity cooling devices 110 ⁇ / b> A and 110 ⁇ / b> B are provided to face each other with a predetermined clearance (gap / interval / gap / space distance).
- the space 181 including the optical path of the illumination light IL between the illumination unit IOP and the projection optical system PL is a first purge space purged with a purge gas, for example, CDA, and the proximity cooling devices 110A and 110B are the first ones.
- the proximity cooling devices 110A and 110B can perform temperature control (cooling) of the reticle R held on the reticle stage RST during the step-and-scan exposure operation.
- the proximity cooling devices 110A and 110B arranged on both sides in the Y-axis direction with respect to the illumination area are provided, so that the temperature distribution of the reticle R is also controlled, for example, the entire surface of the reticle R is uniform. It is also possible to control the temperature so that it becomes a proper temperature.
- the clearance (gap / interval / gap (gap) / space distance) between the reticle stage RST, more precisely, the end covers 23 1 , 23 2 and the proximity cooling devices 110A, 110B, and the gas flow are substantially reduced.
- the first purge space 181 in a substantially airtight state surrounded by the purge cover 80, the proximity cooling devices 110A and 110B, the reticle stage RST and / or the reticle R is set by setting the dimensions so as to prevent. Can produce. That is, it is not necessary to surround the reticle stage RST that holds the reticle R with a large airtight shielding container.
- the substantially airtight space is the first purge space 181 purged with the purge gas
- various merits according to the characteristics of the purge gas are produced.
- CDA is used as the purge gas
- haze of the reticle R can be effectively prevented.
- the proximity cooling devices 110A and 110B also serve as a part of the partition member that isolates the first purge space 181 from the outside air, the space in which the purge is performed can be made more than necessary in this respect. It can be secured without increasing the size.
- the temperature control (cooling) of the reticle R held on the reticle stage RST can be performed during the step-and-scan exposure operation. Generation of pattern distortion due to thermal expansion of the reticle can be suppressed without incurring a decrease, and as a result, improvement in overlay accuracy is expected. Further, since the reticle R is cooled by using the radiant heat transfer by the proximity cooling devices 110A and 110B, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of defective circuit elements such as rolling of particles (so-called dust) and adhesion of the particles to the reticle. can do.
- the reticle stage RST is fixed to the main body 22 and both ends of the main body 22 in the X-axis direction, and a pair of air whose length in the Y-axis direction is longer than that of the main body 22. in view of that it has a slider portion 22 1, 22 2, the case where using the end cover 23 1, 23 2 surrounds and the + Y end and -Y end air slider section 22 1, 22 2 described did.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the end cover is not necessarily provided if the reticle stage RST has a structure in which the reticle R is surrounded by the front, rear, left and right side walls.
- a pair of cover members (corresponding to the proximity cooling devices 110A and 110B in the second embodiment described above) provide a predetermined clearance (gap / interval / gap / space distance) on the upper surface of the reticle stage. It is only necessary that a substantially airtight space can be formed above the reticle R and below the illumination unit IOP.
- the pair of cover members do not have to be proximity cooling devices, and have a plane having a predetermined area that can be opposed to the upper surface of the reticle stage via a predetermined clearance (gap / interval / gap (gap) / space distance). If it is good.
- This member does not need to be a flat member on the entire surface, does not hinder the movement of the reticle stage during scanning exposure, and airtightness with the reticle stage RST is substantially maintained during the movement.
- a flat part with an axial length is sufficient. That is, the outer portion of the plane portion in the X-axis direction may be bent downward or upward, or may protrude.
- the first purge space 181 and the second purge space 182 and the purge space 183 inside the cover 150 are all purged with CDA having a humidity of 1% or less.
- CDA having a humidity of 10% or less can be used as the purge gas.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the type of purge gas used in one or two of the purge spaces 181, 182, and 183 may be different from that of other purge spaces.
- a gas containing a small amount of water vapor, such as CDA may be used as compared with normal air.
- the purge gas is not limited to this.
- a rare gas such as nitrogen or helium that does not contain molecular contaminants such as cyanuric acid or other carbon-containing molecules and hardly absorbs the illumination light IL may be used as the purge gas.
- the measurement system that measures the position information of the reticle stage RST is not necessarily limited to the encoder system, and may be another measurement system such as an interferometer system. Further, a static eliminator such as the X-ray ionizer 42 is not necessarily used together. Further, the proximity cooling devices 110A and 110B do not need to also serve as a partition wall of the purge space, and may not be used together with a gas purge such as CDA in the upper space of the reticle stage, or transport the reticle R including the movement path of the transport arm 140. The path does not have to be a CDA purge space.
- an encoder system that measures position information of the reticle stage RST, a static eliminator, a cooling device, a gas purge such as CDA in the upper space of the reticle stage, and a CDA purge during reticle transfer may be carried out independently or arbitrarily. A combination of at least two may be adopted.
- the proximity cooling devices 110A and 110B may be provided on both sides in the Y-axis direction of the illumination area and the irradiation area of the illumination light IL.
- the proximity cooling devices 110A and 110B may be provided only on one side.
- the size of the cooling surface of the proximity cooling devices 110A and 110B may be the same as that of the reticle or the pattern area thereof.
- the reticle stage RST can be moved to cool the reticle R against one of the proximity cooling devices.
- the cooling may be performed by bringing both closer to each other than during exposure.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing the input / output relationship of the main controller 50 that mainly constitutes the control system of the exposure apparatus of the third embodiment.
- the main controller 50 is connected to the same components as in the first embodiment, and the reticle.
- An AF sensor 130 and an auxiliary encoder system 170 are further connected.
- the reticle AF sensor 130 and the auxiliary encoder system 170 will be described, focusing on differences from the first embodiment described above.
- FIGS. 14A and 14B show the configurations of the reticle AF sensor 130 and the auxiliary encoder system 170 (including the arrangement of each component) in a plan view and a side view, respectively.
- Reticle AF sensor 130 includes five Z interferometers 130 1 to 130 5 arranged inside a recess RBSd formed on the + Y side of opening RBSa of reticle stage surface plate RBS.
- Z interferometers 130 1 to 130 5 are installed with their heads facing toward the + Z side so that they can face the pattern surface ( ⁇ Z side surface) of reticle R placed on reticle stage RST. Yes.
- the Z interferometers 130 1 to 130 5 are arranged at equal intervals on a straight line in the non-scanning direction (X-axis direction) perpendicular to the scanning direction (Y-axis direction).
- the X position of the Z interferometer 130 3 positioned at the center of the Z interferometers 130 1 to 130 5 is substantially at the center in the X-axis direction of the reticle stage RST (that is, the reticle R placed on the reticle stage RST).
- the reticle stage RST (reticle The width in the X-axis direction of the opening 22a formed in the stage body 22) is slightly shorter than the width in the X-axis direction of the reticle R illuminated by the illumination light IL.
- each of the Z interferometers 130 1 to 130 5 emits a measurement beam to the pattern surface of the reticle R through the opening 22a, and receives a reflected beam from the pattern surface, whereby the pattern surface at the irradiation point of the measurement beam.
- the surface position (position in the Z-axis direction) is measured.
- Measurement information of reticle AF sensor 130 (Z interferometers 130 1 to 130 5 ) is sent to main controller 50 (see FIG. 13).
- Main controller 50 obtains the surface position distribution (so-called focus map) of the pattern surface of reticle R from the measurement information of reticle AF sensor 130. Details of focus mapping for creating a focus map will be described later.
- the auxiliary encoder system 170 (see FIG. 13) is used to acquire (measure) the position information of the reticle stage RST during AF mapping.
- the auxiliary encoder system 170 includes third and fourth reticle encoder systems (hereinafter referred to as third and fourth encoder systems) 171 and 176 (see FIG. 13).
- FIG. 15A shows the measurement targets of the encoder heads 172, 173, 174, 177, 178, and 179 and the encoder heads 172 to 174 and 177 to 179 included in the third and fourth encoder systems 171 and 176, respectively.
- the arrangement (positional relationship) with the gratings RG1, RG2 (reticle stage RST) is shown.
- the encoder heads 172 to 174 and 177 to 179 are installed in the concave portion RBSd of the reticle stage surface plate RBS.
- three encoder heads 172 to 174 are arranged on the + X side of reticle AF sensor 130 (Z interferometers 130 1 to 130 5 ), and the remaining three encoder heads 177 to 179 are arranged on the ⁇ X side.
- Encoder heads 173 and 178 are arranged at the same Y position as reticle AF sensor 130 (Z interferometers 130 1 to 130 5 ).
- the separation distance in the X-axis direction between the encoder heads 172 to 174 and 177 to 179 is substantially equal to the separation distance in the X-axis direction of the gratings RG1 and RG2 provided on the bottom surfaces of the air slider portions 22 1 and 22 2 of the reticle stage RST. equal. Therefore, when reticle stage RST is in a predetermined measurable range in the Y-axis direction, encoder heads 172 to 174 face grating RG1, and encoder heads 177 to 179 face grating RG2.
- the encoder heads 172 to 174 and 177 to 179 two-dimensional encoder heads similar to the encoder heads 72 to 74 and 77 to 79 described above are employed.
- the four encoder heads 172, 174, 177, 179 have the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction as measurement directions
- the two encoder heads 173, 178 have the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction as measurement directions.
- the encoder heads 172 to 174 included in the third encoder system 171 irradiate the grating RG1 provided on the bottom surface of the reticle stage RST (air slider portion 22 1 ) with a measurement beam. Thereby, a plurality of diffracted beams are generated from the grating RG1.
- the encoder heads 172 and 174 receive a plurality of diffracted lights generated in the YZ plane (in the Y-axis direction) by the grating RG1, and use the measurement beam irradiation points as measurement points to measure the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction.
- the position of the grating RG1 (that is, the air slider 22 1 of the reticle stage RST) is measured.
- the encoder head 173 receives a plurality of diffracted lights generated in the XZ plane (in the X-axis direction), and uses the measurement beam irradiation point as a measurement point to measure the grating RG1 (that is, the reticle stage RST) in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. The position of the air slider 22 1 ) is measured.
- the encoder heads 177 to 179 included in the fourth encoder system 176 irradiate the grating RG2 provided on the bottom surface of the reticle stage RST (air slider portion 22 2 ) with a measurement beam, similarly to the encoder heads 172 to 174 described above. Thereby, the encoder heads 177 and 179 and the encoder head 178 respectively receive a plurality of diffracted lights generated from the grating RG2 in the same manner as the encoder heads 172 and 174 and the encoder head 173.
- the encoder heads 177 and 179 and the encoder head 178 use the measurement beam irradiation point as a measurement point, and the grating RG2 in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction (that is, the air slider portion 22 2 of the reticle stage RST).
- the position and the position of the grating RG2 (that is, the air slider portion 22 2 of the reticle stage RST) in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction are measured.
- Measurement information of the third and fourth encoder systems 171 and 176 is sent to the main controller 50 (see FIG. 13).
- main controller 50 determines six degrees of freedom (X, Y, Z, ⁇ x, The position in the ⁇ y, ⁇ z) direction is obtained.
- main controller 50 determines the position of reticle stage RST in the 6-degree-of-freedom direction from the measurement information of auxiliary encoder system 170 (encoder heads 172 to 174 and 177 to 179) at least in the AF mapping operation, as before. Ask for.
- the configuration of the other parts is the same as that of the exposure apparatus 100 of the first embodiment described above.
- focus mapping for creating the surface position distribution (focus map) of the pattern surface of the reticle R performed in the exposure apparatus of the third embodiment will be described.
- the main controller 50 controls the reticle stage drive system 340 based on measurement information of the reticle encoder system 70, the plate-like portion 22 0 above the reticle AF sensor 130 on the reticle stage surface plate RBS
- the reticle stage RST is moved in the Y-axis direction so that is positioned.
- the measurement beam irradiation points of the encoder heads 177 to 179 are positioned on the grating RG2 (RG1). Therefore, main controller 50 obtains (measures) position information of reticle stage RST using auxiliary encoder system 170. In this case, when the position of the previous reticle stage RST is measured by the reticle encoder system 70, the position measurement using the reticle encoder system 70 is switched to the position measurement using the auxiliary encoder system 170. .
- main controller 50 scans reticle stage RST in the -Y direction (the arrow direction in FIG. 15A) as shown in FIG. Start (scan). Further, after starting scanning, main controller 50 moves reticle stage RST in the -Y direction, and the measurement beam irradiation point of reticle AF sensor 130 (Z interferometers 130 1 to 130 5 ) is placed on reticle stage RST. The reticle AF sensor 130 (Z interferometers 130 1 to 130 5 ) is actuated (turned ON) before entering the pattern surface of the mounted reticle R. As a result, as shown in FIG. 15B, the measurement beams of the Z interferometers 130 1 to 130 5 are irradiated onto the pattern surface of the reticle R.
- main controller 50 detects surface position information (in the Z-axis direction) of gratings RG1 and RG2 measured by encoder heads 173 and 178 included in auxiliary encoder system 170 at a predetermined sampling interval. Position information) and surface position information (position information in the Z-axis direction) of the pattern surface of the reticle R measured by the reticle AF sensor 130 (Z interferometers 130 1 to 130 5 ) are measured by the auxiliary encoder system 170. Are collected (sampled) in association with the XY position information of the reticle stage RST. Main controller 50 sequentially records the collected measurement information in a memory (not shown).
- main controller 50 ends the above sampling.
- Main controller 50 creates a surface position distribution (focus map) of the pattern surface of reticle R based on the measurement information collected above.
- the focus map is obtained by measuring the surface position information of the pattern surface of the reticle R measured by the reticle AF sensor 130 (Z interferometers 130 1 to 130 5 ) on the surfaces of the gratings RG1 and RG2 measured by the encoder heads 173 and 178. It is created by converting the position information into surface position information based on the position information.
- the main controller 50 determines the surface position of the grating RG1 measured by the encoder head 173, that is, the irradiation point (first reference point P) of the measurement beam of the encoder head 173. 1 ) and the surface position information of the grating RG2 measured by the encoder head 178, that is, the surface of the grating RG2 at the irradiation point (second reference point P 2 ) of the measurement beam of the encoder head 178.
- a reference for the surface position is determined from a straight line connecting the measurement results of the positions (broken line in FIG. 15C).
- main controller 50 converts the measurement results of Z interferometers 130 1 to 130 5 into surface position data Z 1 to Z 5 as deviations from the surface position reference.
- the main controller 50 performs the above-described conversion for all the collected surface position information. Further, main controller 50 uses converted surface position data Z 1 to Z 5 of corresponding Z interferometers 130 1 to 130 5 using XY position information of reticle stage RST measured by auxiliary encoder system 170. Edit as a function of the position of the irradiation point on the pattern surface of the measuring beam.
- the surface position data Z 1 to Z 5 are obtained for a finite number of discrete points on the pattern surface. Therefore, if necessary, the obtained surface position data Z 1 to Z 5 may be complemented and converted into a continuous function for the position on the pattern surface. Thereby, a focus map of the pattern surface of the reticle R is created.
- Main controller 50 uses encoder heads 73 and 78 included in reticle encoder system 70, and Z position of reticle stage RST at first and second reference points P 1 and P 2 (grating RG1 provided on reticle stage RST). , RG2 surface position). Main controller 50 obtains a reference for the surface position of the pattern surface of reticle R using these results. By applying this reference to the focus map, the focus map can be used as a focus map of the pattern surface of the reticle R placed on the reticle stage RST.
- the main controller 50 controls the Z position and the inclinations ⁇ x and ⁇ y of the reticle stage RST via the reticle stage drive system 340 based on the focus map to which the reference is applied, so that the surface position of the pattern surface of the reticle R ( Z position, inclinations ⁇ x and ⁇ y) are controlled. Thereby, the pattern formed on the pattern surface can be accurately transferred onto the wafer W via the projection optical system PL.
- the reticle R placed on the reticle stage RST may be distorted by driving the reticle stage RST for scanning exposure (applying a driving force to the reticle stage RST).
- main controller 50 drives reticle stage RST at the time of focus mapping with the same driving force as during scanning exposure. Further, main controller 50 creates a focus map for each scanning direction (+ Y direction (plus scan) and -Y direction (minus scan)).
- a focus map is created for each of a plurality of driving conditions including driving force, scanning direction, and the like. Then, main controller 50 controls the surface position of the pattern surface of reticle R based on the focus map created under the same conditions as during scanning exposure.
- the relationship between the distortion of the reticle R and the driving force of the reticle stage RST is measured in advance, and based on the result and the focus map, the reticle stage RST is driven by applying an appropriate driving force to the distortion of the reticle R. It is also possible to eliminate the problem.
- the control device 50 performs pitch map correction of the focus map. Specifically, main controller 50 measures pitching ⁇ x of reticle stage RST using encoder heads 172, 174, 177, and 179 included in auxiliary encoder system 170 during focus mapping, and based on the result. By controlling the reticle stage drive system 340, the pitching ⁇ x of the reticle stage RST during the scanning exposure is maintained.
- main controller 50 measures the pitch ⁇ x of reticle stage RST during focus mapping, and the measurement result is measured by reticle AF sensor 130 (Z interferometers 130 1 to 130 5 ). Sampling with the surface position information.
- main controller 50 corrects the surface position information based on pitching ⁇ x at the time of scanning exposure using the measurement result of pitching ⁇ x. A focus map is created based on the corrected surface position information.
- the reticle R is loaded onto the reticle stage RST and the wafer stage WST under the control of the main controller 50.
- the wafer W is loaded upward, and the focus mapping operation of the reticle R described above is performed as preparation work.
- reticle alignment and baseline measurement of the alignment system ALG are performed as preparatory work.
- a step-and-scan exposure operation is performed.
- main controller 50 is created first as described above.
- the surface position of the pattern surface of the reticle R is controlled based on the focus map of the reticle R.
- main controller 50 controls X voice coil motor 66X, Y voice coil motor described above based on the measurement result of surface plate interferometer 240 so that reticle stage surface plate RBS maintains a predetermined state.
- 66Y is controlled, and the Z voice coil motor 66Z is controlled based on the measurement result of the Z encoder 81 to indirectly adjust the position of the reticle R in the Z direction and the ⁇ x and ⁇ y directions.
- the encoder heads 172 to 174 and 177 to 179 included in the auxiliary encoder system 170 have a positional relationship in the XY plane with respect to the center of the reticle AF sensor 130.
- the encoder heads 72 to 74 and 77 to 79 with respect to the optical axis AX are arranged in the concave portion RBSd so as to have the same positional relationship in the XY plane.
- the main controller 50 determines the surface positions of the gratings RG1 and RG2 measured by the encoder heads 173 and 178 (previously) prior to exposure, that is, the irradiation points of the measurement beams of the encoder heads 173 and 178.
- the reference position P 1 , P 2 and the surface position information of the reticle R based on the surface position information of the first and second reference points P 1 , P 2 (Z position distribution information, ie, the pattern surface of the reticle R)
- the surface position distribution (focus map)) is acquired in advance.
- the main controller 50 uses the encoder heads 73 and 78 included in the reticle encoder system 70 to use the Z position (reticle stage) of the reticle stage RST at the first and second reference points P 1 and P 2 .
- the surface positions (Z positions) of the gratings RG1 and RG2 provided in the RST are measured, and the reference of the surface position of the pattern surface of the reticle R is obtained using these measurement results.
- the focus map can be used as a focus map of the pattern surface of the reticle R placed on the reticle stage RST.
- the main controller 50 controls the Z position and the inclinations ⁇ x and ⁇ y of the reticle stage RST via the reticle stage drive system 340 based on the focus map to which the reference is applied, so that the surface position of the pattern surface of the reticle R ( Z position, inclinations ⁇ x and ⁇ y) are controlled.
- the pattern formed on the reticle R can be accurately transferred onto the wafer W via the projection optical system PL while suppressing the occurrence of exposure failure due to defocusing.
- the focus mapping of the reticle loaded onto the reticle stage RST at the loading position may be performed prior to or in parallel with the movement of the reticle stage RST above the projection optical system PL in the same procedure as described above. .
- the reticle AF sensor 130 has been described that includes a Z interferometers 130 1 to 130 5 is not limited to this, the reticle AF sensor 130, other than the interferometer You may comprise by this sensor. Further, at least a part of the encoder system for measuring the position information of the reticle stage RST described in the above-described second embodiment, the static eliminator, the cooling device, the gas purge of the CDA in the reticle stage upper space, and the CDA purge during the reticle transfer. These configurations may be used in combination.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing the input / output relationship of the main controller 50 that mainly constitutes the control system of the exposure apparatus of the fourth embodiment.
- the exposure apparatus of the fourth embodiment is provided with a reticle encoder system 70A in place of the reticle encoder system 70 according to the third embodiment. Yes.
- the following description will focus on differences from the third embodiment, including the reticle encoder system 70A.
- the pattern of the reticle R is formed on the uppermost surface of the projection optical system PL.
- a hexagonal upper surface member 60 in plan view formed in the center of a rectangular opening PLa that is a light path (passage) of the illumination light IL that is transmitted through the surface and transmitted through the opening RBSa of the reticle stage surface plate RBS is fixed. ing.
- 72,73,74,72 0, 73 0, 74 0 and 77,78,79,77 0, 78 0, 79 0, are fixed.
- the encoder heads 72 and 77 are near the corner on the + Y side of the aperture PLa
- the encoder heads 74 and 79 are near the corner on the -Y side
- the encoder heads 73 and 78 are the centers of the aperture PLa (that is, the projection optical system). It is arranged at the same Y position as the PL optical axis.
- the encoder heads 72 0 , 73 0 , 74 0 are arranged at the same Y position as the encoder heads 72, 73, 74, respectively, at equal distances on the + X side.
- the encoder heads 77 0 , 78 0 , and 79 0 are disposed at the same Y position as the encoder heads 77, 78, and 79, and equidistant from each other on the ⁇ X side.
- the gratings RG1 and RG2 are provided on the bottom surfaces of the air slider portions 22 1 and 22 2 of the reticle stage RST disposed above the projection optical system PL.
- the separation distance in the X-axis direction between the encoder heads 72 to 74 and the encoder heads 77 to 79 is set substantially equal to the separation distance in the X-axis direction between the grating RG1 and the grating RG2. Therefore, the encoder heads 72 to 74 are opposed to the grating RG1, and at the same time, the encoder heads 77 to 79 are opposed to the grating RG2 (see, for example, FIG. 17).
- X-axis direction of the width of the grating RG1 is greater than the distance between the encoder heads 72-74 and the encoder heads 72 0-74 0.
- X-axis direction of the width of the grating RG2 is greater than the distance between the encoder head 77-79 and the encoder heads 77 0-79 0. Accordingly, the encoder heads 72 0-74 0 faces the grating RG1 with encoder heads 72-74. At the same time, the encoder heads 77 0-79 0 faces the grating RG2 with encoder heads 77-79.
- the four encoder heads 72, 74, 77, 79 have the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction as measurement directions, and the two encoder heads 73, 78 have the X-axis direction and Z-axis direction as measurement directions.
- the encoder head 72 0-74 0, 77 0 to 79 the encoder head at least measuring surface (the grating RG1, RG2) in a direction perpendicular (Z-axis direction) and the measurement direction is employed.
- the encoder heads 72 0 to 74 0 and 77 0 to 79 0 are assumed to employ the same two-dimensional encoder heads as the encoder heads 72 to 74 and 77 to 79.
- the grating RG1 is irradiated with a measurement beam from below, receives a plurality of diffracted lights generated by the grating RG1, and obtains position information of the grating RG1 (that is, the air slider portion 22 1 of the reticle stage RST) in each measurement direction. Find (measure).
- the coherent measurement beam is irradiated (incident) so that the gratings RG1 and RG2 are irradiated in both the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
- Diffracted light is generated at a plurality of angles (diffraction angles).
- encoder heads 72,74,72 0, 74 0, receives a plurality of diffraction lights generated in the Y-axis direction, as a measurement point irradiation point of the respective measurement beams, in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction Position information of the grating RG1 (that is, the air slider portion 22 1 of the reticle stage RST) is obtained (measured).
- Encoder heads 73, 73 receives a plurality of diffraction lights generated in the X-axis direction, as a measurement point irradiation point of measurement beams, the grating RG1 (i.e. the reticle stage RST in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction Air The position information of the slider unit 22 1 ) is obtained (measured).
- a first encoder system 71A (see FIG. 16) having six degrees of freedom of measurement is configured. Measurement information of the first encoder system 71A (encoder heads 72, 73, 74, 72 0 , 73 0 , 74 0 ) is sent to the main controller 50 (see FIG. 16).
- the grating RG2 on the bottom surface of the reticle stage RST (air slider portion 22 2 ) is irradiated with a measurement beam from below, and a plurality of diffracted lights generated by the grating RG2 are received, and the grating RG2 for each measurement direction is received. In other words, position information of the air slider 22 2 of the reticle stage RST is obtained (measured).
- the encoder heads 77,79,77 0, 79 0, receives a plurality of diffraction lights generated in the Y-axis direction, the irradiation point of each measurement beam as a measurement point, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction Position information of the grating RG2 (that is, the air slider portion 22 2 of the reticle stage RST) is obtained (measured).
- Encoder heads 78 0 receives the plurality of diffraction lights generated in the X-axis direction, as a measurement point irradiation point of measurement beams, the grating RG2 (i.e. the reticle stage RST in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction Air The position information of the slider portion 22 2 ) is obtained (measured).
- a second encoder system 76A (see FIG. 16) having six degrees of freedom in measurement is configured.
- the measurement information of the second encoder system 76A (encoder heads 77, 78, 79, 77 0 , 78 0 , 79 0 ) is sent to the main controller 50 (see FIG. 16).
- the main controller 50 projects the projection optical system PL.
- a reticle encoder system 70A is configured including the first and second encoder systems 71A and 76A (see FIG. 16).
- the reticle encoder system 70A of the fourth embodiment includes the two-dimensional encoder heads 72 to 74 and 77 to 79 as in the first embodiment described above, a total of twelve pieces of measurement information is obtained. Is obtained. Therefore, main controller 50 uses the encoder heads 72, 74, and 73 of the measurement values, respectively, in the same manner as in the first embodiment described above, the air slider 22 1 Y position of reticle stage RST (Y 1 ) and the X position (X 1 ) are obtained.
- the main controller 50 uses the encoder heads 77, 79, and 78 of the measurement values, respectively, in the same manner as in the first embodiment described above, the air slider 22 2 Y position of reticle stage RST (Y 2 ) and the X position (X 2 ). Further, main controller 50, than the average and the difference between Y 1 and Y 2, respectively, Y position and [theta] z position of the reticle stage RST ([theta] z direction rotation amount, i.e. yawing amount) sought, the X 1 and X 2 The X position of reticle stage RST is obtained from the average.
- main controller 50 determines the Z position and ⁇ y position (rotation amount in the ⁇ y direction, that is, rolling in the ⁇ y direction) of reticle stage RST from the average and difference of the measured values of the position in the Z-axis direction measured by encoder heads 73 and 78, respectively. (Quantity).
- the ⁇ x positions ( ⁇ x 1 , ⁇ x 2 ) of the air slider portions 22 1 and 22 2 are obtained from the difference between the measured values of the positions in the Z-axis direction measured by the encoder heads 72, 74 and 77, 79, respectively, and ⁇ x 1 and the average [theta] x position of the reticle stage RST from the [theta] x 2 ([theta] x direction rotation amount, i.e. pitching amount) is determined.
- the Z position of reticle stage RST is any of the X, Y, Z, and ⁇ x positions measured by encoder heads 73 and 78 without being obtained by averaging the two measured values in each direction as described above. The measured value may be used as it is.
- the reticle encoder system 70A of the present embodiment is separately provided on the outer side in the X-axis direction of each of the two-dimensional encoder heads 72 to 74 and 77 to 79. since the also has six 2-dimensional encoder heads 72 0-74 0, 77 0 to 79 0, measurement information of the additional 12 degrees of freedom (position information) is obtained. Therefore, main controller 50, for example, the encoder heads 73, 73 0, using 78, 78 0 by the measurement information (positional information in the Z axis direction), bending about the X-axis direction of the reticle stage RST Request (deflection) .
- the bending (deflection) of reticle stage RST can be obtained from measurement information (measured position information) by three encoder heads spaced apart from each other in the X-axis direction.
- measurement information by the encoder head is also referred to as a measurement result.
- the main control unit 50 likewise, the encoder heads 72, 72 0, 77 and 77 the measurement results and the encoder heads 74, 74 0 0, from each of the 79, 79 0 of the measurement results, X-axis direction of the reticle stage RST It is also possible to obtain the bending (deflection) of the reticle stage RST and to determine the torsion of the reticle stage RST in the Y-axis direction from the information of the three obtained bendings (deflection).
- the main controller 50 determines the inclination ⁇ x ( ⁇ x 10 ( ⁇ x 20 ) of the air slider 22 1 (air slider 22 2 ) based on the difference between the measurement results of the encoder heads 72 0 , 74 0 (77 0 , 79 0 ). ) And ⁇ x 10 and ⁇ x 20 (or one of ⁇ x 1 , ⁇ x 2 , ⁇ x 10 , and ⁇ x 20 ) combined with the aforementioned ⁇ x 1 and ⁇ x 2 , to determine the torsion of reticle stage RST in the X-axis direction. it can.
- Main controller 50 determines the reticle stage RST via the reticle stage drive system 340 based on the position information regarding the six degrees of freedom direction of the reticle stage RST and the shape information including the bending and twisting of the reticle stage RST.
- the stage RST is driven (controlled).
- the configuration of other parts is the same as that of the exposure apparatus of the third embodiment described above.
- the main control apparatus 50 performs positive deformation (another modification) of the reticle R performed based on the shape (measurement result) of the reticle stage RST measured by the reticle encoder system 70A.
- the deflection correction will be briefly described.
- main controller 50 changes (adjusts) the shape of the pattern surface of reticle R held on reticle stage RST by deforming reticle stage RST via reticle stage drive system 340. For example, as shown in FIG. 18B, main controller 50 finely drives reticle stage RST in the ⁇ Z direction. More specifically, main controller 50 applies to stator portions 36 to 39 fixed to counter mass 18. The mover portions 24 to 29 fixed to the end portion of the reticle stage RST are finely driven in the ⁇ Z direction as indicated by the white arrows in FIG.
- the reticle stage surface plate RBS that supports the reticle stage RST in a non-contact manner is supported with the convex portions RBSc and RBSb of the reticle stage base plate RBS as fulcrums, respectively, counterclockwise and clockwise around the ⁇ X side end and + X side end of the reticle stage main body 22.
- the center of the reticle R held on the reticle stage main body 22 is lifted in the + Z direction as indicated by the black arrow in FIG. 18B, and the pattern surface becomes + Z Bends (bends) so that the side has a convex shape.
- Main controller 50 drives and controls reticle stage RST in the Z-axis direction based on the focus map and the measurement result of the shape (deflection) of reticle stage RST by reticle encoder system 70A, thereby forming the shape of the pattern surface of reticle R. (Deflection) is controlled. Thereby, the pattern formed on the pattern surface can be accurately transferred onto the wafer W via the projection optical system PL.
- main controller 50 uses reticle stage drive system 340 based on the shape (measurement result) of reticle stage RST measured by reticle encoder system 70A.
- stage RST the pattern surface of the reticle R held on the reticle stage RST is deformed. Therefore, main controller 50 can deform the pattern surface of reticle R into a desired shape corresponding to the measured shape of reticle stage RST.
- the pattern surface of reticle R is ideally parallel to the XY plane. It can be transformed into a flat surface.
- the pattern formed on the reticle R can be accurately applied to the wafer W via the projection optical system PL while suppressing the occurrence of exposure failure due to the distortion and defocus of the pattern image due to the deformation of the pattern surface. It is possible to transfer (exactly).
- the reticle encoder system 70A can measure not only the deflection of the reticle stage RST but also the twist. Therefore, the reticle stage RST may be deformed in consideration of twisting.
- the encoder heads 72 to 74 and 77 to 79 included in the reticle encoder system 70A are paired with the encoder heads 72 0 to 74 0 and 77 0 to 79 0 , respectively. Therefore, it is also possible to calculate the position information of reticle stage RST using the average of the measurement results of each of the two encoder heads that make a pair.
- the main control device 50 has the correction capability of the correction device.
- the reticle stage RST may be deformed. That is, main controller 50 may deform reticle R via reticle stage RST so that the distortion or the like of the projected image of the pattern surface after deformation can be corrected by the correction device.
- reticle encoder system 70A since reticle encoder system 70A includes a total of twelve two-dimensional encoder heads, the shape of reticle stage RST can measure not only deflection but also twist. it can.
- the encoder heads 72 to 74 and 77 to 79 used for position measurement of the reticle stage RST 2 two encoder heads 73 0, 78 0 As long as it has.
- the fourth embodiment has been described as a modification of the third embodiment for the sake of simplicity.
- the fourth embodiment is not necessarily used in combination with the characteristic configuration (such as an AF sensor) of the third embodiment.
- the additional encoder of the fourth embodiment may be combined with the first or second embodiment.
- the positive deformation of the reticle R performed based on the shape (measurement result) of the reticle stage RST measured by the reticle encoder system 70A is used for reticle deflection correction.
- the positive deformation of the reticle R may be used together for wafer autofocus control during the exposure operation.
- the reticle encoder system 70 or 70A includes six two-dimensional encoder heads, so that a total of twelve measurement results can be obtained. Therefore, not only the position of the above-described reticle stage RST in the direction of six degrees of freedom (X, Y, Z, ⁇ x, ⁇ y, ⁇ z), but, for example, the twist of the reticle stage RST about an axis parallel to the X axis passing through the center, It is also possible to measure the bending of the air slider portion 22 1 and the air slider portion 22 2 in the Y-axis direction.
- the present invention is not limited to this. Absent.
- the components corresponding to the second drive system 340b of the above embodiment may not necessarily be provided.
- the surface (measurement surface) on which the gratings RG1 and RG2 are formed is arranged on the reticle stage RST (moving body), and a plurality of heads 72 to 74 and 77 to 79 are provided outside the reticle stage RST.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a measurement surface parallel to a two-dimensional plane (moving surface of the moving body) arranged outside the moving body is irradiated with a measuring beam parallel to an axis orthogonal to the moving surface, and A plurality of heads that receive the light may be arranged on the moving body.
- the encoder head is not limited to a two-dimensional head (2DOF sensor), but may be a one-dimensional head (1DOF sensor) or a three-dimensional head (3DOF sensor) having three directions of measurement in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions. good.
- any two or more of the first to fourth embodiments may be combined. In this case, you may combine not all the structures of each embodiment but the one part with other embodiment.
- the exposure apparatus is a dry type exposure apparatus that exposes the wafer W without using liquid (water) has been described. 49504, European Patent Application Publication No. 1,420,298, International Publication No. 2004/055803, US Pat. No. 6,952,253, etc.
- the above embodiments can also be applied to an exposure apparatus that forms an immersion space including an optical path of illumination light between the projection optical system and the exposure light that exposes the wafer with illumination light via the liquid in the immersion space.
- the above embodiment can be applied to an immersion exposure apparatus disclosed in, for example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0088843.
- the exposure apparatus is a scanning exposure apparatus such as a step-and-scan method
- the above embodiments can also be applied to a stitch type reduction projection exposure apparatus, a proximity type exposure apparatus, or a mirror projection aligner.
- a stitch type reduction projection exposure apparatus As disclosed in, for example, US Pat. No. 6,590,634, US Pat. No. 5,969,441, US Pat. No. 6,208,407, etc.
- the above embodiments can also be applied to a multi-stage type exposure apparatus having a stage.
- an exposure apparatus provided with a measurement stage including a measurement member (for example, a reference mark and / or a sensor) separately from the wafer stage is also described above.
- a measurement stage including a measurement member (for example, a reference mark and / or a sensor) separately from the wafer stage is also described above.
- a measurement member for example, a reference mark and / or a sensor
- magnification of the projection optical system in the exposure apparatus of each of the above embodiments may be not only a reduction system but also an equal magnification and an enlargement system, and the projection optical system is not only a refraction system but any of a reflection system and a reflection / refraction system.
- the projected image may be either an inverted image or an erect image.
- the illumination light IL is not limited to ArF excimer laser light (wavelength 193 nm), but also other vacuum ultraviolet light such as F 2 laser light (wavelength 157 nm), as well as far ultraviolet light such as KrF excimer laser light (wavelength 248 nm). It is also possible to use light or an ultraviolet emission line (wavelength 436 nm, g line, wavelength 365 nm, etc.) from an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp.
- the vacuum ultraviolet light as disclosed in, for example, US Pat. No. 7,023,610, an infrared or visible single wavelength laser oscillated from a DFB semiconductor laser or fiber laser is used.
- harmonics obtained by amplifying light with a fiber amplifier doped with, for example, erbium (or both erbium and ytterbium) and wavelength-converting into the ultraviolet region using a nonlinear optical crystal may be used.
- the illumination light IL of the exposure apparatus is not limited to light having a wavelength of 100 nm or more, and light having a wavelength of less than 100 nm may be used.
- EUV Extreme
- a soft X-ray region for example, a wavelength region of 5 to 15 nm
- SOR or plasma laser as a light source.
- Ultraviolet Ultraviolet light is generated, and an EUV exposure apparatus using an all-reflection reduction optical system and a reflective mask designed under the exposure wavelength (for example, 13.5 nm) has been developed.
- each of the above embodiments can be applied to an exposure apparatus that uses a charged particle beam such as an electron beam or an ion beam.
- an exposure apparatus (lithography system) that forms a line-and-space pattern on a wafer by forming interference fringes on the wafer also includes the above-described elements. Embodiments can be applied.
- two reticle patterns are synthesized on the wafer via the projection optical system, and 1 on the wafer is obtained by one scanning exposure.
- the above embodiments can also be applied to an exposure apparatus that performs double exposure of two shot areas almost simultaneously.
- the object on which the pattern is to be formed is not limited to the wafer, but may be another object such as a glass plate, a ceramic substrate, or a mask blank.
- the exposure apparatus of the above embodiment is manufactured by assembling various subsystems including the respective constituent elements recited in the claims of the present application so as to maintain predetermined mechanical accuracy, electrical accuracy, and optical accuracy. Is done.
- various optical systems are adjusted to achieve optical accuracy
- various mechanical systems are adjusted to achieve mechanical accuracy
- various electrical systems are Adjustments are made to achieve electrical accuracy.
- the assembly process from the various subsystems to the exposure apparatus includes mechanical connection, electrical circuit wiring connection, pneumatic circuit piping connection and the like between the various subsystems. Needless to say, there is an assembly process for each subsystem before the assembly process from the various subsystems to the exposure apparatus.
- comprehensive adjustment is performed to ensure various accuracies as the entire exposure apparatus.
- the exposure apparatus is preferably manufactured in a clean room where the temperature, cleanliness, etc. are controlled.
- the step of designing the function and performance of the device For electronic devices such as semiconductor elements, the step of designing the function and performance of the device, the step of producing a reticle based on this design step, the step of producing a wafer from a silicon material, and the exposure apparatus (pattern formation of each embodiment described above) Apparatus) and a lithography step for transferring a mask (reticle) pattern to the wafer by the exposure method, a development step for developing the exposed wafer, and an etching step for removing the exposed member other than the portion where the resist remains by etching It is manufactured through a resist removal step for removing a resist that has become unnecessary after etching, a device assembly step (including a dicing process, a bonding process, and a packaging process), an inspection step, and the like.
- the exposure method described above is executed using the exposure apparatus of each of the above embodiments, and a device pattern is formed on the wafer. Therefore, a highly integrated device can be manufactured with high productivity. .
- the moving body device of the present invention is suitable for driving the moving body and the object held by the moving body with high acceleration.
- the exposure apparatus and exposure method of the present invention are suitable for transferring a pattern onto an object to be exposed.
- the device manufacturing method of the present invention is suitable for manufacturing micro devices.
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Abstract
Description
前記物体に同期して前記マスクを保持する移動体を前記所定方向に対応する第1軸に平行な方向へ前記投影光学系の実質的な光軸に直交する二次元平面上で移動させつつ、前記投影光学系から前記第1軸に平行な方向の一側に離間した計測領域の内部の第1計測点で前記移動体に保持される前記マスクのパターン面の前記光軸に平行な方向に関する第1の面位置情報を求めるとともに、前記計測領域と所定の位置関係にある第2計測点で前記移動体の前記光軸に平行な方向に関する第2の面位置情報を求めることと;前記物体と前記移動体との同期移動を続行させつつ、前記パターンを前記照明光で照射して前記投影光学により前記物体上に投影するとき、前記照明光の照射領域に対して、前記計測領域と前記第2計測点との位置関係と同じ位置関係にある第3計測点で前記移動体の前記投影光学系の前記光軸に平行な方向に関する第3の面位置情報を計測し、該計測結果と、前記第1の面位置情報と前記第2の面位置情報との関係とに基づいて、前記移動体の前記光軸に平行な方向に関する位置を制御することとを含む第1の露光方法が、提供される。
前記マスクを保持し、定盤上で前記所定方向に対応する第1軸に平行な方向に所定ストロークで移動するスライダが、前記第1軸に平行な方向に関して、前記マスクに照射される照明光の照射領域を含む所定範囲にあるとき前記スライダの位置情報を求めることと;
前記照明光の照射領域の前記第1軸に平行な方向の一側に位置する前記マスクの搬送路上で前記定盤上に設けられた除電装置を用いて、前記スライダ上に載置された前記マスクが帯びた静電気を除去することと;を含む第2の露光方法が、提供される。
以下、第1の実施形態を図1~図6に基づいて説明する。
次に、第2の実施形態について、図7~図12に基づいて説明する。ここで、前述した第1の実施形態と同一若しくは同等の構成部分については、同一の符号を用いるとともにその説明を簡略若しくは省略する。
Dimension)の変化の発生を未然に阻止することが可能になる。また、これらの欠陥を防ぐために、レチクルの検査を頻繁に行う必要がないので、結果的に生産性の低下の防止、ひいては生産性の向上を図ることが可能になる。
次に、第3の実施形態について、図13~図15(C)に基づいて説明する。ここで、前述した第1の実施形態と同一若しくは同等の構成部分については、同一の符号を用いるとともにその説明を簡略若しくは省略する。
次に、第4の実施形態について、図16~図18(B)に基づいて、説明する。ここで、前述した第1、第3の実施形態と同一若しくは同等の構成部分については、同一の符号を用いるとともにその説明を簡略若しくは省略する。
Ultraviolet)光を発生させるとともに、その露光波長(例えば13.5nm)の下で設計されたオール反射縮小光学系、及び反射型マスクを用いたEUV露光装置の開発が行われている。この装置においては、円弧照明を用いてマスクとウエハを同期走査してスキャン露光する構成が考えられるので、かかる装置にも上記各実施形態を好適に適用することができる。このほか、電子線又はイオンビームなどの荷電粒子線を用いる露光装置にも、上記各実施形態は適用できる。
Claims (61)
- 物体を保持して二次元平面内の第1軸に平行な方向に移動可能な移動体と;
前記移動体の前記二次元平面内で前記第1軸に垂直な第2軸に平行な方向の両側に設けられた第1、第2可動子と、該第1、第2可動子のそれぞれとの間で電磁相互作用を行って前記移動体を少なくとも前記第1軸に平行な方向に駆動する駆動力をそれぞれ発生する第1、第2固定子と、を含む駆動系と;を備え、
前記第1、第2可動子の少なくとも一方の特定可動子が、前記二次元平面に直交する第3軸に平行な方向に関して所定間隔で配置された3つの可動子部を含み、
前記第1、第2固定子のうち、前記特定可動子に対応する固定子が、前記第3軸に平行な方向の中央に位置する可動子部を共用する一対の固定子部を含む移動体装置。 - 前記駆動系は、前記移動体を前記第2軸に平行な方向に駆動する駆動力も発生する請求項1に記載の移動体装置。
- 前記移動体の前記2次元平面に平行な面内における位置情報を求める位置計測計をさらに備える請求項1又は2に記載の移動体装置。
- 前記位置計測計は、前記移動体と移動体の外部との一方に配置された前記2次元平面に平行な計測面に前記第3軸に平行な計測ビームを照射し、前記計測面からの光を受光する、前記移動体と移動体の外部との他方に配置された複数のヘッドを含む請求項3に記載の移動体装置。
- 前記計測面は、前記移動体に配置される請求項4に記載の移動体装置。
- 前記計測面は、前記第1軸に平行な方向に延設される請求項5に記載の移動体装置。
- 前記計測面は一対設けられ、該一対の計測面が、前記移動体の中心に関して、前記第2軸に平行な方向の一側と他側に、相互に所定距離離間して配置される請求項6に記載の移動体装置。
- 前記計測面には、前記第1軸に平行な方向と前記第2軸に平行な方向とを周期方向とする2次元グレーティングが形成されている請求項4~7のいずれか一項に記載の移動体装置。
- 前記複数のヘッドは、前記第1軸に平行な方向を計測方向とする2つの第1ヘッドと前記第2軸に平行な方向を計測方向とする1つの第2ヘッドを含む請求項6に記載の移動体装置。
- 前記第1、第2ヘッドのそれぞれは、前記第3軸に平行な方向をさらに計測方向とする請求項9に記載の移動体装置。
- 前記移動体上に設けられ、前記物体を前記第1軸に平行な方向の一側と他側から挟持するクランプ装置をさらに備える請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の移動体装置。
- 前記クランプ装置は、前記移動体上に固定され、前記物体の前記第1軸に平行な方向の一側の端面に当接して位置決めする位置決め部材と、前記前記移動体上に設けられ、前記物体の前記第1軸に平行な方向の他側の端面を押圧する押圧部材とを含む請求項11に記載の移動体装置。
- 前記移動体は、前記物体を吸着保持する吸着面を有する請求項11又は12に記載の移動体装置。
- マスクに形成されたパターンを被露光物体上に転写する露光装置であって、
前記物体として前記マスクが前記移動体上に載置された請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の移動体装置を備える露光装置。 - 前記マスクを照明光により照明する照明系と;
前記移動体を非接触で支持する定盤と;をさらに備える請求項14に記載の露光装置。 - 前記定盤には、前記マスクを介した前記照明光の光路となる開口部が形成され、
前記マスクに形成されたパターンの像を前記被露光物体上に投影する光学系をさらに備える請求項15に記載の露光装置。 - マスクと被露光物体とを所定方向に同期移動して前記マスクに形成されたパターンを前記被露光物体上に転写する露光装置であって、
定盤と;
前記マスクを保持し、前記定盤上で前記所定方向に対応する第1軸に平行な方向に所定ストロークで移動するスライダと;
前記マスクを照明光により照明する照明系と;
前記第1軸に平行な方向に関して前記照明光の照射領域を含む所定範囲に前記スライダがあるとき前記スライダの位置情報を求める第1計測系と;
前記照明光の照射領域の前記第1軸に平行な方向の一側に位置する前記マスクの搬送路上で前記定盤上に設けられ、前記スライダ上に載置された前記マスクが帯びた静電気を除去する除電装置と;を備える露光装置。 - 前記除電装置が設けられた位置又はその前記搬送路の上流側の所定の受け渡し位置に対応する前記定盤上の位置に設けられ、前記受け渡し位置にある前記スライダの開口を介して上下動する上下動部材をさらに備える請求項17に記載の露光装置。
- 前記第1軸に平行な経路に沿って前記マスクを搬送し、前記上下動部材との間で前記マスクの受け渡しを行うマスク搬送部材をさらに備える請求項18に記載の露光装置。
- 前記除電装置の配置位置を含む前記マスクの搬送路の一部を含み、前記第1軸に平行な方向に関して前記第1計測系の計測範囲と一部が重なる計測範囲内にある前記スライダの位置情報を求める第2計測系をさらに備える請求項17~19のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。
- 前記除電装置は、光電離を利用したシステムである請求項17~20のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。
- 前記光電離を利用したシステムは、X線イオナイザを含む請求項21に記載の露光装置。
- 前記除電装置の配置位置を含む前記マスクの搬送路が、前記マスクのヘイズ原因物質及びヘイズ生成反応加速物質の少なくとも一方が通常空気に比べて少ない特定ガスでパージされるパージ空間とされている請求項17~22のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。
- 前記スライダが、前記第1軸に平行な方向に関して、前記第1計測系により位置情報が求められる位置にあるとき、前記スライダに所定のクリアランスを介して対向し、前記スライダの前記マスクの上方に、前記スライダの外側空間からほぼ隔離された空間を形成する対向部材をさらに備える請求項17~23のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。
- 前記前記マスクの上方の前記空間内が、前記マスクのヘイズ原因物質及びヘイズ生成反応加速物質の少なくとも一方が通常空気に比べて少ない特定ガスでパージされている請求項24に記載の露光装置。
- 前記対向部材の少なくとも一部は、前記マスクを冷却する冷却デバイスで構成されている請求項24又は25に記載の露光装置。
- 前記冷却デバイスは、前記第1軸に平行な方向に関して前記照明光の照射領域の両側に配置されている請求項26に記載の露光装置。
- 前記マスクは、前記パターンの前記被露光物体上への転写のための前記被露光物体との前記同期移動中に、前記冷却装置により冷却される請求項26又は27に記載の露光装置。
- 前記第1計測系は、前記二次元平面内の複数の計測点における前記スライダの位置情報を光学的手法により求める請求項26~28のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。
- 前記第1計測系は、前記複数の計測点のうち前記第2軸に平行な方向に関して互いに離間する少なくとも3つの計測点における前記位置情報を用いて前記スライダの形状情報を求める請求項29に記載の露光装置。
- パターンが形成されたマスクを照明光により照明しつつ、前記マスクと被露光物体とを所定方向に同期移動して前記パターンを投影光学系を介して前記被露光物体上に転写する露光装置であって、
前記マスクを保持して前記所定方向に対応する第1軸に平行な方向へ前記投影光学系の実質的な光軸に直交する二次元平面上を移動する移動体と;
前記投影光学系から前記第1軸に平行な方向の一側に離間した位置にその計測領域を有し、前記移動体に保持される前記マスクのパターン面の前記光軸に平行な方向に関する第1の面位置情報を前記計測領域の内部の第1計測点で計測する面位置計測系と;
前記計測領域と所定の位置関係にある第2計測点で前記移動体の前記光軸に平行な方向に関する第2の面位置情報を計測する第1計測系と;
前記投影光学により前記物体上に投影される、前記パターン面上の領域に対応する前記照明光の照射領域に対して、前記計測領域と前記第2計測点との位置関係と同じ位置関係にある第3計測点で前記移動体の前記光軸に平行な方向に関する第3の面位置情報を計測する第2計測系と;
前記面位置計測系、前記第1計測系、及び前記第2計測系による計測情報に基づいて、前記移動体の位置を制御する制御系と;を備える露光装置。 - 前記面位置計測系は、前記計測領域の内部に配置された複数の前記第1計測点を有する請求項31に記載の露光装置。
- 前記複数の前記第1計測点は、前記二次元平面内で前記第1軸に直交する第2軸に平行な方向に沿って配列される請求項32に記載の露光装置。
- 前記第3計測点は、前記第1軸に平行な方向に関して、前記第1計測点と同じ位置に配置されている請求項33に記載の露光装置。
- 前記移動体を前記二次元平面に直交する方向から支持するとともに前記二次元平面に平行なガイド面が形成された定盤をさらに備え、
前記複数の第1計測点には、それぞれ前記マスクの前記パターン面に計測ビームを照射し、その反射光を受光する複数の第1ヘッドのそれぞれが配置され、該複数の第1ヘッドは前記定盤内に配置されている請求項32~34のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。 - 前記第2、第3計測点には、前記移動体に設けられた前記二次元平面に平行な計測面に計測光を照射し、その反射光を受光する複数の第2ヘッドのそれぞれが配置され、
前記複数の第2ヘッドは、前記複数の第1ヘッドとともに前記定盤内に配置される請求項35に記載の露光装置。 - パターンが形成されたマスクを照明光により照明しつつ、前記マスクと被露光物体とを所定方向に同期移動して前記パターンを投影光学系を介して前記被露光物体上に転写する露光装置であって、
前記マスクを保持して前記所定方向に対応する第1軸に平行な方向へ所定の二次元平面上を移動する移動体と;
前記二次元平面内で前記第1軸に垂直な第2軸に平行な方向に関する前記移動体の両側部に固定された一対の可動子と、該一対の可動子のそれぞれに係合する一対の固定子とを有し、前記可動子と前記固定子との間で生じる駆動力を前記移動体に作用させて、前記移動体を、前記第1軸に平行と平行な方向に駆動するとともに変形させる駆動系と;
前記二次元平面内の複数の計測点における前記移動体の位置情報を光学的手法により求めるとともに、前記複数の計測点のうち前記第2軸に平行な方向に関して互いに離間する少なくとも3つの計測点における前記位置情報を用いて前記移動体の形状情報を求める計測系と;を備える露光装置。 - 前記計測系は、前記投影光学系と前記移動体との一方に設けられた前記二次元平面に平行な計測面に計測ビームを照射し、前記計測面からのビームを受光して、前記計測面上での前記計測ビームの照射点を前記計測点として前記移動体の位置情報を求める前記投影光学系と前記移動体との他方に設けられた複数のヘッドを有する請求項37に記載の露光装置。
- 前記計測面は、前記照明光の照射領域を挟んで前記第2軸に平行な方向に離間して各1つ設けられ、
前記少なくとも3つの計測点における前記位置情報を求める複数のヘッドは、前記計測面のそれぞれに計測ビームを照射する少なくとも各1つのヘッドを含む請求項38に記載の露光装置。 - 前記計測面には、前記第1軸及び前記第2軸にそれぞれ平行な方向を周期方向とするグレーティングが形成されている請求項38又は39に記載の露光装置。
- 前記複数のヘッドは、1つの計測面につき、前記第1軸に平行な方向と前記二次元平面に垂直な方向とを計測方向とする2つの第1ヘッドと、前記第2軸に平行な方向と前記垂直な方向とを計測方向とする1つの第2ヘッドと、前記第1及び第2ヘッドから前記第2軸に平行な方向に離間する前記垂直な方向を計測方向とする少なくとも1つのヘッドを含む請求項40に記載の露光装置。
- 前記2つの第1ヘッドは、それぞれ、前記照明光が照射される前記マスク上の照射領域の前記第1軸平行な方向の両端に対応する前記計測面上の点に計測ビームを照射し、前記第2ヘッドは前記照射領域の前記走査方向の中心に対応する前記計測面上の点に計測ビームを照射する請求項41に記載の露光装置。
- 前記計測面は、前記マスクが保持される面に対する裏面側の前記移動体の一面に設けられる請求項38~42のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。
- 前記計測面は、前記第1軸に平行に延設される請求項38~43のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。
- 前記計測系は、前記第2軸に平行な方向に関する前記移動体の撓みを求める請求項37~44のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。
- 前記移動体を支持する支持部を有する定盤をさらに備え、
前記駆動系は、前記支持部を支点にして前記移動体を変形させる請求項37~45のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置。 - 前記駆動系は、前記一対の可動子のそれぞれを該可動子と係合する固定子に対して前記計測面に垂直な方向に駆動する請求項46に記載の露光装置。
- 前記定盤は、前記エネルギビームの通路となる開口を有し、該開口を挟む前記第2軸に平行な方向の両側に前記支持部を各1つ有する請求項46又は47に記載の露光装置。
- 前記支持部の前記第2軸に平行な方向についての離間距離は、前記一対の可動子の前記第2軸に平行な方向に関する離間距離より小さい請求項48に記載の露光装置。
- 請求項14~48のいずれか一項に記載の露光装置を用いて被露光物体上にパターンを転写することと;
前記パターンが転写された前記被露光物体を現像することと;を含むデバイス製造方法。 - パターンが形成されたマスクを照明光により照明しつつ、前記マスクと物体とを所定方向に同期移動して前記パターンを投影光学系を介して前記物体上に転写する露光方法であって、
前記物体に同期して前記マスクを保持する移動体を前記所定方向に対応する第1軸に平行な方向へ前記投影光学系の実質的な光軸に直交する二次元平面上で移動させつつ、前記投影光学系から前記第1軸に平行な方向の一側に離間した計測領域の内部の第1計測点で前記移動体に保持される前記マスクのパターン面の前記光軸に平行な方向に関する第1の面位置情報を求めるとともに、前記計測領域と所定の位置関係にある第2計測点で前記移動体の前記光軸に平行な方向に関する第2の面位置情報を求めることと;
前記物体と前記移動体との同期移動を続行させつつ、前記パターンを前記照明光で照射して前記投影光学により前記物体上に投影するとき、前記照明光の照射領域に対して、前記計測領域と前記第2計測点との位置関係と同じ位置関係にある第3計測点で前記移動体の前記投影光学系の前記光軸に平行な方向に関する第3の面位置情報を計測し、該計測結果と、前記第1の面位置情報と前記第2の面位置情報との関係とに基づいて、前記移動体の前記光軸に平行な方向に関する位置を制御することとを含む露光方法。 - マスクと物体とを所定方向に同期移動して前記マスクに形成されたパターンを前記物体上に転写する露光方法であって、
前記マスクを保持し、定盤上で前記所定方向に対応する第1軸に平行な方向に所定ストロークで移動するスライダが、前記第1軸に平行な方向に関して、前記マスクに照射される照明光の照射領域を含む所定範囲にあるとき前記スライダの位置情報を求めることと;
前記照明光の照射領域の前記第1軸に平行な方向の一側に位置する前記マスクの搬送路上で前記定盤上に設けられた除電装置を用いて、前記スライダ上に載置された前記マスクが帯びた静電気を除去することと;を含む露光方法。 - 前記除電装置の配置位置を含む前記マスクの搬送路が、前記マスクのヘイズ原因物質及びヘイズ生成反応加速物質の少なくとも一方が通常空気に比べて少ない特定ガスでパージされるパージ空間とされている請求項52に記載の露光方法。
- 前記スライダが、前記第1軸に平行な方向に関して、前記第1計測系により位置情報が求められる位置にあるとき、前記スライダに所定の隙間を介して対向部材を対向し、前記スライダの前記マスクの上方に、前記スライダの外側空間からほぼ隔離された空間を形成することをさらに含む請求項52又は53に記載の露光方法。
- 前記マスクの上方の前記空間内が、特定ガスでパージされている請求項54に記載の露光方法。
- 前記対向部材の少なくとも一部を前記マスクを冷却する冷却デバイスで構成する請求項54又は55に記載の露光方法。
- 前記冷却デバイスは、前記第1軸に平行な方向に関して前記照明光の照射領域の両側に配置されている請求項56に記載の露光方法。
- 前記マスクは、前記パターンの前記物体上への転写のための前記物体との前記同期移動中に、前記冷却装置により冷却される請求項56又は57に記載の露光方法。
- 前記二次元平面内の複数の計測点における前記スライダの位置情報を光学的手法により求める請求項56~58のいずれか一項に記載の露光方法。
- 前記複数の計測点のうち前記第2軸に平行な方向に関して互いに離間する少なくとも3つの計測点における前記位置情報を用いて前記スライダの形状情報を求める請求項39に記載の露光方法。
- 請求項51~60のいずれか一項に記載の露光方法を用いて物体上にパターンを転写することと;
前記パターンが転写された前記物体を現像することと;を含むデバイス製造方法。
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KR20160027233A (ko) | 2016-03-09 |
KR101494493B1 (ko) | 2015-02-17 |
JPWO2011016254A1 (ja) | 2013-01-10 |
KR20120034155A (ko) | 2012-04-10 |
TW201122732A (en) | 2011-07-01 |
JP5667568B2 (ja) | 2015-02-12 |
US9164400B2 (en) | 2015-10-20 |
US20110032496A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
TW201604662A (zh) | 2016-02-01 |
US9946171B2 (en) | 2018-04-17 |
KR101670640B1 (ko) | 2016-10-28 |
TWI579659B (zh) | 2017-04-21 |
JP2014007417A (ja) | 2014-01-16 |
KR20140108348A (ko) | 2014-09-05 |
JP2015179295A (ja) | 2015-10-08 |
JP6183418B2 (ja) | 2017-08-23 |
US20160004169A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
TWI512405B (zh) | 2015-12-11 |
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