WO2010016471A1 - 五フッ化リン及び六フッ化リン酸塩の製造方法 - Google Patents
五フッ化リン及び六フッ化リン酸塩の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010016471A1 WO2010016471A1 PCT/JP2009/063777 JP2009063777W WO2010016471A1 WO 2010016471 A1 WO2010016471 A1 WO 2010016471A1 JP 2009063777 W JP2009063777 W JP 2009063777W WO 2010016471 A1 WO2010016471 A1 WO 2010016471A1
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- hexafluorophosphate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/10—Halides or oxyhalides of phosphorus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/455—Phosphates containing halogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
- C01D15/005—Lithium hexafluorophosphate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G5/00—Compounds of silver
- C01G5/006—Compounds containing, besides silver, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing phosphorus pentafluoride and hexafluorophosphate. More specifically, a method for producing hexafluorophosphate useful as an electrolyte for a storage element, a catalyst for an organic synthesis reaction, and the like, and a method for producing phosphorus pentafluoride used as a starting material for hexafluorophosphate production About.
- Lithium ion secondary batteries are positioned as key devices in hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles that are expected as trump cards for reducing CO 2 emissions.
- As an electrolyte of the lithium ion secondary battery lithium hexafluorophosphate having high safety and excellent electrical characteristics can be given.
- the hexafluorophosphate containing lithium hexafluorophosphate is manufactured using phosphorus pentafluoride “PF 5 ” as a starting material.
- the phosphorus pentafluoride is used as a fluorinating agent for various chemical reactions in the chemical industry and is a gaseous substance at room temperature.
- silver hexafluorophosphate “AgPF 6 ” and potassium hexafluorophosphate “KPF 6 ” which are a kind of hexafluorophosphate are counters that generate an acid necessary for the initiation and proliferation reaction of photopolymerization. It is attracting attention as an ion.
- ammonium hexafluorophosphate “NH 4 PF 6 ” is useful as a raw material used in the production of pharmaceutical intermediates.
- quaternary ammonium salts such as triethylmethylammonium hexafluoride phosphate and tetraethylammonium hexafluoride phosphate are useful as an electrolyte for an electric double layer capacitor that is expected as a high-power storage element.
- hexafluorophosphate is used as an indispensable substance according to functions required in various fields, and PF 5 is very useful as a raw material for producing the hexafluorophosphate. It is an important substance.
- PF 5 is very useful as a raw material for producing the hexafluorophosphate. It is an important substance.
- PF 5 in the case of producing hexafluorophosphate using PF 5 , a common problem is the production cost of PF 5 .
- high-purity PF 5 used for the production of high-quality hexafluorophosphate that can be used in an electrolyte such as a lithium ion secondary battery is extremely expensive.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing PF 5 by thermally decomposing a raw material.
- LiPF 6 the following formula 1
- LiPF 6 undergoes slight thermal decomposition around 120 ° C., and complete thermal decomposition near 200 to 250 ° C. Thereafter, LiF powder remains.
- thermal decomposition occurs at about 250 ° C.
- NaPF 6 at about 400 ° C.
- KPF 6 and CsPF 6 at 600 ° C. to 700 ° C.
- Production of PF 5 is difficult. As a result, an expensive heat-resistant specification manufacturing facility is required, and the manufacturing cost increases. Therefore, the manufacturing method disclosed in Patent Document 1 is not industrially reasonable.
- phosphorus fluorination using ClF 3 in a liquid hydrogen fluoride medium (see Non-Patent Document 1 below) and phosphorus fluorination using a fluorine gas (Patent Document 2 and Non-Patent Documents below) 2) has a problem that it is very difficult to control the reaction because the reaction proceeds explosively. Furthermore, since expensive fluorine gas is used, the obtained PF 5 is naturally expensive.
- Patent Document 3 describes fluorination of phosphoryl trifluoride “POF 3 ” using HF in the presence of sulfur trioxide.
- this reaction has a problem that the yield is inferior, sulfuric acid is generated, and corrosivity is extremely high in the presence of HF.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a method of reacting hexafluorophosphoric acid (HPF 6 ) with a sulfur-based acid under high pressure.
- HPF 6 hexafluorophosphoric acid
- Patent Document 3 sulfuric acid is generated and corrosion is extremely high in the presence of HF, and water or fluorosulfuric acid (HSO 3 F) reacts with PF 5 even when fuming sulfuric acid is used.
- HSO 3 F fluorosulfuric acid
- Non-Patent Document 3 describes that LiPF 6 is produced by dissolving lithium chloride in HF and adding phosphorus pentachloride thereto.
- Patent Document 5 discloses that hexafluorophosphate is obtained by reacting phosphorus pentachloride with HF gas in the range of 60 to 165 ° C., and adding the obtained PF 5 to an anhydrous HF solution of an alkali metal fluoride. There is a description of manufacturing.
- Non-Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 5 phosphorus pentachloride is a solid with a high hygroscopic property, and therefore, due to the poor handling property, the raw material is charged into the production facility. However, the workability is poor and it is difficult to mechanize. In addition, when a phosphorus halide represented by phosphorus pentachloride is used as a raw material, a large amount of hydrogen halide is by-produced. For this reason, there is an inconvenience that a long exhaust gas treatment facility is required.
- Patent Document 6 discloses the following manufacturing method.
- PF 5 is produced by reacting phosphorus pentachloride with anhydrous HF.
- the mixed gas of PF 5 and hydrogen chloride is cooled to a temperature not higher than the boiling point of phosphorus oxyfluoride and not lower than the boiling point of PF 5 , specifically, -40 ° C. to ⁇ 84 ° C.
- After separating phosphorus it is reacted with lithium fluoride dissolved in anhydrous HF.
- a small amount of phosphorus oxyfluoride is separated from a mixed gas of a large excess of hydrogen chloride and PF 5 .
- Patent Document 7 PF 5 a method of producing the PF 5 using the chlorides as a phosphorus raw material (phosphorus trichloride or phosphorus pentachloride) is disclosed, With this manufacturing method, of producing Is mixed with hydrogen chloride. Since the boiling point of PF 5 is ⁇ 84.8 ° C., whereas the boiling point of hydrogen chloride is ⁇ 84.9 ° C., it is impossible to separate hydrogen chloride from PF 5 by a simple method.
- the production method of PF 5 and hexafluorophosphate described above has various problems such as poor workability, reaction under severe conditions, use of expensive raw materials, treatment of by-products, etc. . For this reason, the manufacturing cost is high. In particular, high-quality PF 5 is expensive because it is difficult to manufacture. As a result, hexafluorophosphate produced using PF 5 as a raw material is also expensive. Therefore, in order to produce high-quality hexafluorophosphate with low cost, possible to manufacture a high-quality PF 5 inexpensive becomes important. In other words, it is necessary to adopt a method in which adverse effects due to the mixing of impurities, particularly moisture, can be suppressed, and a raw material considering the working environment can be used as a starting raw material.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing phosphorus pentafluoride, which can suppress the production cost and can produce high-quality phosphorus pentafluoride from low-cost and low-quality raw materials. Further, by using phosphorus pentafluoride obtained by the method for producing phosphorus pentafluoride as a raw material, hexafluoride capable of producing high-quality hexafluorophosphate while suppressing the production cost. It aims at providing the manufacturing method of a phosphate. Furthermore, another object of the present invention is to provide an electrolytic solution to which the high-quality hexafluorophosphate obtained by the method for producing hexafluorophosphate is applied, and a power storage device including the electrolytic solution. To do.
- the inventors of the present application have studied a method for producing phosphorus pentafluoride and hexafluorophosphate in order to solve the conventional problems. As a result, the inventors have found that the object of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following configuration, and have completed the present invention.
- the method for producing phosphorus pentafluoride according to the present invention brings a carrier gas into contact with a raw material containing at least a phosphorus atom and a fluorine atom. It is characterized by extracting and separating phosphorus fluoride.
- a carrier gas is brought into contact with a raw material containing at least phosphorus atoms and fluorine atoms.
- phosphorus pentafluoride can be separated from the raw material with the carrier gas and extracted.
- the extracted phosphorus pentafluoride is high in purity because it does not contain impurities such as oxyfluorophosphoric acid compounds, metals, and moisture.
- impurities such as oxyfluorophosphoric acid compounds, metals, and moisture.
- the fluorine atom in the raw material is contained as hydrogen fluoride.
- the raw material containing at least phosphorus atoms and fluorine atoms reacts with a part of the hydrogen fluoride gas to generate phosphorus pentafluoride.
- the method for producing phosphorus pentafluoride according to the present invention brings hydrogen fluoride gas as a carrier gas into contact with a raw material containing at least phosphorus atoms, thereby bringing the fluorine It is characterized by extracting and separating phosphorus pentafluoride into hydrogen fluoride gas.
- polyatomic ions containing phosphorus atoms and fluorine atoms exist at least in the raw material after contacting with the carrier gas.
- the polyatomic ions, at least PF 6 - is preferably an ion.
- the manufacturing method of the hexafluorophosphate of this invention WHEREIN: The phosphorus pentafluoride obtained by the manufacturing method of the phosphorus pentafluoride described above, and fluoride. It reacts according to the following chemical reaction formula to produce hexafluorophosphate.
- Phosphorus pentafluoride obtained by the above-mentioned production method does not contain impurities such as moisture compared to the conventional production method and is high purity, so that a hydrolyzate of hexafluorophosphate is produced. Can be suppressed. That is, in the above method, a high purity hexafluorophosphate that does not contain a hydrolyzate can be produced.
- the reaction between phosphorus pentafluoride and fluoride includes a first step in which phosphorus pentafluoride gas is dissolved in a solvent, and a fluoride that is stoichiometrically equivalent to or lower than phosphorus pentafluoride in the solvent.
- the second step of producing a hexafluorophosphate solution, and circulating the hexafluorophosphate solution to the first step the hexafluorophosphate is substituted for the solvent. It is preferable to perform at least the third step of dissolving phosphorus pentafluoride gas in this solution.
- Fluorides are generally poorly soluble in anhydrous HF solvents and organic solvents having a low dielectric constant. Therefore, when fluoride is added to these solvents prior to absorption of phosphorus pentafluoride gas, a suspended (slurry) state is obtained. For this reason, when phosphorus pentafluoride is absorbed, clogging with solid fluoride occurs inside the apparatus, which hinders operation.
- phosphorus pentafluoride gas is absorbed in the solvent in the first step, and then fluoride is added to the solvent in the second step.
- hexafluorophosphate is synthesized in a solvent as shown in Formula 1.
- the amount of fluoride added is stoichiometrically equivalent to or less than phosphorus pentafluoride, all of the fluoride reacts with phosphorus pentafluoride. As a result, a non-slurry hexafluorophosphate solution with no unreacted fluoride remaining is obtained. Thereby, the hexafluorophosphate solution can be circulated in the first step, and phosphorus pentafluoride gas can be dissolved in the hexafluorophosphate solution instead of the solvent (third step). . That is, with the above method, various apparatuses including an absorption tower can be used, and continuous operation is also possible, thereby improving the productivity of hexafluorophosphate.
- a hydrogen fluoride solution can be used as the solvent.
- an organic solvent can be used as the solvent.
- the organic solvent is preferably at least one of a non-aqueous organic solvent and a non-aqueous ionic liquid.
- phosphorus pentafluoride can be absorbed, without inducing hydrolysis like an anhydrous HF solvent.
- acidic substances such as oxyfluorophosphoric acid, HF, and phosphoric acid, or with the above solvents.
- a dissolved component is produced.
- an electrolytic solution containing these acidic substances and insoluble components is used in a power storage element, it has adverse effects such as corrosion of the power storage element and deterioration of electrical characteristics.
- the water concentration of the organic solvent is preferably 100 ppm by weight or less, more preferably 10 ppm by weight or less, and particularly preferably 1 ppm by weight or less.
- the first step and the third step are preferably performed using an absorption tower.
- the fluoride is added after the phosphorus pentafluoride gas is dissolved in the solvent and the hexafluorophosphate solution, so that the suspension (slurry) state does not occur.
- the first step and the third step for example, even if an absorption tower is used, it is possible to prevent clogging in the interior and to enable continuous operation. As a result, the productivity of hexafluorophosphate can be improved.
- unreacted phosphorus pentafluoride gas out of the phosphorus pentafluoride gas is absorbed and collected by the absorption liquid and reused. Thereby, loss of phosphorus pentafluoride gas as a raw material can be prevented, and the production efficiency can be improved.
- the electrolytic solution according to the present invention includes hexafluorophosphate obtained by the method for producing hexafluorophosphate described above.
- a power storage device includes the above-described electrolytic solution.
- a lithium ion secondary battery etc. are mentioned as an electrical storage element of this invention.
- the present invention has the following effects by the means described above. That is, according to the present invention, high-quality phosphorus pentafluoride can be produced at low cost, with a low moisture concentration and high purity, using low-quality raw materials without requiring complicated processing operations and special equipment. Further, by using the high-quality phosphorus pentafluoride obtained by the present invention, it is possible to easily produce a low-quality and high-quality hexafluorophosphate without using a complicated apparatus. Furthermore, by applying the high-grade hexafluorophosphate obtained by the present invention to the electrolytic solution, a power storage device having high safety and excellent electrical characteristics can be obtained.
- the method for producing phosphorus pentafluoride according to the present embodiment is performed by bringing a carrier gas into contact with a raw material containing at least phosphorus atoms and fluorine atoms.
- the raw material including at least phosphorus atoms and fluorine atoms may be in a liquid, gas, or solid state. Moreover, it is good also as a solution by dissolving in water, an anhydrous hydrogen fluoride solvent, and an organic solvent.
- the substance containing a phosphorus atom in the raw material is not particularly limited as a substance containing a phosphorus atom.
- white phosphorus, red phosphorus, black phosphorus, phosphorus trichloride (PCl 3 ), phosphorus tribromide (PBr) 3 ), phosphine (PH 3 ), phosphorous acid, phosphorus pentoxide (P 2 O 5 ), orthophosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), polyphosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, triphosphoric acid, isophosphoric acid, Phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, phosphenic acid, diphophonic acid, cyanophosphoric acid, cyanophosphonic acid, diethyldithiophosphinic acid, chlorophenylphosphonic acid, trimethyl phosphate, phenylselenophosphinic acid o-methyl, pyrophosphonic acid, phosphorus oxychloride (POCl 3
- HF examples of the substance containing a fluorine atom in the raw material include HF.
- HF may be used in the form of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, or may be used after being dissolved in water, an organic solvent, or a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent.
- HF for example, commercially available hydrofluoric acid, such as an industrial grade, a general grade, and a semiconductor grade, can be used as it is, or it can adjust density
- concentration the use of a semiconductor grade is preferable from the viewpoint of a small amount of impurities, and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, industrial grade, and general grade are preferable from the viewpoint of cost.
- the impurity concentration each metal impurity is preferably 1000 ppm by weight or less.
- the content of phosphorus atoms contained in the raw material is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01% by weight to 25% by weight, more preferably 0.01% by weight to 15% by weight, The weight percentage is particularly preferably 10% by weight or more. If the phosphorus atom content is less than 0.01% by weight, the yield of phosphorus pentafluoride may decrease. On the other hand, when the content of phosphorus atoms exceeds 25% by weight, the viscosity increases when the raw material is a solution. As a result, there may be inconveniences when transporting the liquid. In addition, gas may be generated to cause inconvenience.
- the content of fluorine atoms contained in the raw material is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.03% by weight or more, and more preferably 0.3% by weight or more.
- the proportion of fluorine atoms in the raw material is preferably present in a chemical equivalent or more with respect to the number of phosphorus atoms within the numerical range of the fluorine atom content. If the proportion of fluorine atoms in the raw material is less than the chemical equivalent, the concentration of PF 5 that can be produced in the raw material may be 0.05% by weight or less. As a result, the vapor pressure of PF 5 becomes too low and the amount of carrier gas necessary to obtain a desired amount of PF 5 increases. As a result, a large extraction device is required, which is inconvenient.
- the concentration is 0.03% to 50% by weight, preferably 0.5% to 20% by weight. It is good to use it in a liquid state within the range of%.
- the substance containing a phosphorus atom does not need to be completely dissolved in the solution, and may be in a suspended state.
- polyatomic ions for example, PF 6 - ions, POF 4 - ions, PO 2 F 2 - ions, and the like. Of these, at least PF 6 as polyatomic - When an ionic, preferably in terms of retaining the purity of the PF 5 gas that is extracted by the carrier gas.
- the method for producing the raw material by mixing a substance containing a phosphorus atom and a substance containing a fluorine atom is not particularly limited. For example, a continuous type or a batch type may be used. Moreover, after putting the substance containing a phosphorus atom in a mixing tank, you may throw in and manufacture the substance containing fluorine atoms, such as HF. The order of input may be reversed.
- the temperature at which the substance containing phosphorus atoms and the substance containing fluorine atoms are mixed is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of ⁇ 50 to 200 ° C.
- a composition containing a substance containing a phosphorus atom and a substance containing a fluorine atom may solidify.
- a special device is required in terms of heat resistance and the like, which may not be preferable.
- moisture content is low. This is because when moisture is extracted into the carrier gas, hydrolysis of PF 5 extracted at the same time is induced.
- the water concentration in the raw material is preferably 5% by weight or less, more preferably 0.5% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 0.05% by weight or less.
- the raw material does not need to be highly pure and may contain metal impurities. Further, it may contain an oxygen-containing impurity such as sulfate radical, moisture, or an oxyfluorophosphoric acid compound. This is because in the production method of the present invention, these impurities are not extracted into the carrier gas even if they come into contact with the carrier gas, and as a result, the produced PF 5 is not contaminated. That is, with the method for producing phosphorus pentafluoride according to the present invention, it is not necessary to employ a complicated and sophisticated purification method even when a low-quality raw material that can be easily obtained is used, and high-quality PF 5 can be obtained. .
- an oxygen-containing impurity such as sulfate radical, moisture, or an oxyfluorophosphoric acid compound.
- the PF 5 high-quality for example, when used as a raw material for high-quality LiPF 6, water concentration in PF 5 is 50 wt ppm or less, and the concentration of various metal impurities is 1 ppm by weight or less Is considered to mean.
- LiPF 6 hexafluorophosphate is used as an electrolyte for a lithium ion secondary battery, purity, moisture, metal impurities, free hydrofluoric acid that affect the stability of the battery.
- strict standards for insoluble residues, etc. are required, and extremely high purity and high quality are required.
- LiPF 6 a high-quality product having a purity of 99.9% or more, a moisture concentration of 50 ppm by weight or less, a concentration of various metal impurities of 1.0 ppm by weight or less, and a free hydrofluoric acid concentration of 50 ppm by weight or less. LiPF 6 .
- a gas inert to the raw material is suitable.
- HF gas for example, HF gas, N 2 gas, He gas, Ar gas, dry air, carbon dioxide gas and the like can be exemplified.
- HF gas is preferred in the present invention.
- the HF gas can be easily liquefied by cooling or pressurizing. For this reason, when HF gas is used as the carrier gas, there is an advantage that it can be easily separated from the PF 5 gas. Further, when the HF gas is liquefied and recovered and then gasified by means such as heating, it can be reused again as a carrier gas.
- the HF gas may be mixed with other gases listed above.
- the carrier gas has a water content of preferably 1 wt% or less, more preferably 100 wt ppm or less, and particularly preferably 10 wt ppm or less.
- a water content of preferably 1 wt% or less, more preferably 100 wt ppm or less, and particularly preferably 10 wt ppm or less.
- the water content in the extracted phosphorus pentafluoride also increases. If this phosphorus pentafluoride is used as a raw material for hexafluorophosphate, a hydrolyzate of hexafluorophosphate is generated by the contained water, which is not preferable.
- the method for bringing the carrier gas into contact with the raw material is not particularly limited, and a commonly used tank-type or tower-type gas-liquid contact device is preferably used.
- a commonly used tank-type or tower-type gas-liquid contact device is preferably used.
- it is carried out by bubbling a carrier gas into the raw material or a solution thereof.
- the phosphorus pentafluoride extracted together with the carrier gas contains almost no water, whereby high-quality phosphorus pentafluoride is obtained and is suitable as a raw material for hexafluorophosphate.
- HF gas is used as the carrier gas
- a part of the HF gas reacts with the raw material and Phosphorus fluoride gas is generated.
- This phosphorus pentafluoride gas can be extracted into HF gas. It is also effective to condense and separate the HF gas from the exhausted gas using a heat exchanger or the like and return it to a container in which the raw material and the carrier gas are in contact. Thereby, the raw material and HF gas can be further reacted, and the extraction amount of phosphorus pentafluoride can be further increased.
- HF gas When HF gas is used as the carrier gas, as shown in FIG. 1 (c), HF gas may be dissolved in the raw material in advance and the mixed solution may be heated and distilled. Thereby, phosphorus pentafluoride can be extracted and separated together with the evaporation of HF gas.
- the concentration of HF with respect to the combined weight of HF and moisture is preferably 90% by weight or more, more preferably 95% by weight or more, It is particularly preferably 98% by weight or more.
- the concentration of polyatomic ions containing phosphorus atoms and fluorine atoms is preferably 0.03% by weight to 50% by weight, preferably 0.5% by weight. More preferably, it is ⁇ 20% by weight. Further, the substance containing phosphorus atoms does not need to be completely dissolved in the mixed solution, and may be in a suspended state.
- the raw material contains a large amount of HF as a substance containing fluorine atoms
- the raw material is heated to extract and separate phosphorus pentafluoride from the generated HF gas. be able to.
- the generated HF gas acts as a carrier gas.
- another carrier gas prepared separately may be brought into contact with the raw material, and HF gas and PF 5 may be extracted and separated from the other carrier gas.
- HF is in a range of 10 to 5000 times, preferably in a range of 50 to 500 times in terms of molar ratio to phosphorus atoms in the raw material. It means that there is.
- the method for heating the raw material containing phosphorus atoms and fluorine atoms is not particularly limited, and a tank-type heating device or a distillation tower-type heating device equipped with a commonly used heat exchanger is related to a batch type or a continuous type. It is preferably used.
- the amount of carrier gas used is preferably in the range of 10 times to 5000 times, more preferably in the range of 50 times to 500 times, in terms of molar ratio to the phosphorus atoms in the raw material. If the amount used exceeds the upper limit, the extraction efficiency of phosphorus pentafluoride increases, but the energy cost increases, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the amount used is less than the lower limit, the extraction amount of phosphorus pentafluoride decreases, and phosphorus is discharged out of the reaction system.
- the temperature at which the carrier gas is brought into contact with the raw material is preferably ⁇ 50 ° C. to 100 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 10 to 50 ° C., and particularly preferably 0 ° C. to 30 ° C. If it is lower than ⁇ 50 ° C., the vapor pressure of phosphorous pentafluoride is lowered, so that the extraction efficiency is deteriorated. On the other hand, when the temperature exceeds 100 ° C., water may enter the system, resulting in a disadvantage that hydrolysis of phosphorus pentafluoride occurs. In the case of the distillation method shown in FIGS. 1C and 1D, the heating temperature needs to be equal to or higher than the boiling point of the hydrogen fluoride solution. More specifically, for example, when carried out at 1 atm, it is preferably in the range of 19.5 to 50 ° C., more preferably in the range of 20 to 30 ° C.
- the pressure when the carrier gas is brought into contact with the raw material is preferably 1 KPa to 5 MPa, more preferably 10 KPa to 1 MPa, and particularly preferably 0.05 MPa to 0.5 MPa. If it is less than 1 KPa, there is a disadvantage that the cost is excessive because a long vacuum facility is required. On the other hand, if it exceeds 5 MPa, there is a disadvantage that the high-pressure device becomes excessive.
- phosphorus pentafluoride may be produced by bringing a carrier gas into contact with a raw material containing phosphorus atoms.
- HF gas is used as the carrier gas.
- the HF gas comes into contact with a raw material containing phosphorus atoms, a reaction occurs between them, and phosphorus pentafluoride is extracted as a carrier gas.
- the HF gas can separate and extract phosphorus pentafluoride that does not contain moisture.
- the carrier gas is extracted with phosphorus oxyfluoride such as POF 3 in addition to phosphorus pentafluoride
- the carrier gas is preferably brought into contact with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. At this time, it is more preferable to contact with liquid anhydrous hydrogen fluoride.
- phosphorus oxyfluoride such as POF 3 can be reacted with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride to newly generate PF 5 .
- the carrier gas used for the production of phosphorus pentafluoride is preferably reused.
- HF gas containing phosphorus pentafluoride is condensed to separate phosphorus pentafluoride and HF.
- the condensed and recovered HF may be heated and evaporated to be reused as a carrier gas or may be used as a raw material for fluorine atoms.
- the temperature at which the HF gas is condensed is preferably ⁇ 80 ° C. to 100 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 50 ° C. to 50 ° C., and particularly preferably ⁇ 10 to 20 ° C.
- the phosphorus component and the fluorine component are separated and recover from the raw material after the phosphorus pentafluoride is separated.
- the collected phosphorus component is concentrated and can be reused as a raw material for phosphorus atoms.
- a conventionally known method such as distillation can be employed.
- the fluorine component may be recovered and reused as a raw material for fluorine atoms, recovered as HF, used as it is as industrial hydrofluoric acid, or may be used after adjusting the concentration as appropriate. Further, when the amount is very small, it may be discharged by direct drainage treatment.
- the continuous operation can be realized by continuously supplying the raw material to a contact device with a carrier gas and continuously extracting the extracted raw material from the contact device. By performing this continuous operation, PF 5 can be produced quantitatively.
- HF When HF accompanies PF 5 in the carrier gas, it is effective to condense and separate HF with a heat exchanger or the like and return it to the contact device between the raw material and the carrier gas.
- a small amount of PF 5 may be contained in the refluxed HF.
- HF containing a small amount of PF 5 may be refluxed as it is, or may be refluxed after being supplied to a separately prepared separator and separating PF 5 .
- the amount of fluorine atoms in the raw material is reduced by extracting PF 5 from the raw material, while the vapor pressure of moisture in the raw material is reduced. It may rise and contaminate the extracted PF 5 or induce hydrolysis. In such a case, it is preferable to supply HF to the carrier gas / raw material contact device in a timely manner.
- the material of the apparatus used in the method for producing PF 5 according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and general-purpose materials such as carbon steel and stainless steel can be suitably used. Further, a high-grade material such as high alloy steel may be used as needed, or a resin material such as a fluororesin or a vinyl chloride resin, or a resin lining material coated with them may be used. Furthermore, these materials may be used in appropriate combination.
- the high-quality PF 5 gas obtained by the above method is brought into contact with fluorides (AFs) to produce hexafluorophosphate according to the following chemical reaction formula. Further, it is possible to high-quality PF 5 obtained in this paper is taken up in an organic solvent to obtain a high-purity PF 5 complex.
- the organic solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include methanol, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, tetrahydrothiophene, triethylamine, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate.
- a hexafluorophosphoric acid solution containing no water can be obtained by adding a chemical equivalent of HF to the PF 5 complex.
- Specific production methods of the hexafluorophosphate include (1) a method of reacting a solid fluoride with PF 5 gas, and (2) a fluoride dissolved or suspended in anhydrous HF as a solvent. Examples thereof include a method of reacting PF 5 gas or (3) a method of reacting fluoride and PF 5 gas in an organic solvent.
- the reaction temperature between the fluoride and the PF 5 gas is preferably ⁇ 50 ° C. to 200 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 10 to 100 ° C., and particularly preferably 0 ° C. to 50 ° C. If it is lower than ⁇ 50 ° C., the reaction may hardly proceed. On the other hand, when it exceeds 200 ° C., the produced hexafluorophosphate may be decomposed. In the case of the method of reacting anhydrous HF containing the fluoride (including acid fluoride) (2) and the PF 5 gas obtained by the present invention, the decomposition reaction of the produced hexafluorophosphate is suppressed. In order to achieve this, it is preferable to carry out a reaction such as cooling and react at a boiling point or lower (for example, 19.5 ° C. or lower, preferably 0 to 10 ° C. at 1 atmosphere).
- a reaction such as cooling and react at a boiling point or lower (for example, 19.5 °
- the weight ratio is preferably 1 to 10 times, more preferably 1.01 to 5 times, and particularly preferably 1.05 to 2 times that of AFs.
- the amount of the PF 5 gas used exceeds 10 times, the yield of hexafluorophosphate increases, but excess PF 5 gas may flow out of the reaction system and the yield of phosphorus may decrease.
- the amount used is less than 1 time, the yield of hexafluorophosphate decreases, which is not preferable.
- M salt is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NH 4 , Ag, Mg, Water in which at least one selected from the group consisting of Ca, Ba, Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe and Al is dissolved, or at least one of carbonate, hydroxide and halide) or 0 to A gas containing excess PF 5 flowing out from the reaction system is absorbed using an 80 wt% HF aqueous solution as an absorbing solution, and M (PF 6 ) S (1 ⁇ s ⁇ 3) or H x PO y F z (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 3, 1 ⁇ y ⁇ 4, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 6).
- the surplus flowing out from the reaction system into water in which a fluoride of MF S ⁇ r (HF) (1 ⁇ s ⁇ 3, 0 ⁇ r ⁇ 6) is dissolved or in an aqueous solution of 0 to 80% by weight of HF to absorb the PF 5 laden gas, M (PF 6) S ⁇ r (HF), may be recovered as a (1 ⁇ s ⁇ 3,0 ⁇ r ⁇ 6), or HPF 6.
- MF s ⁇ r (HF) may be obtained by the reaction of the M salt and hydrofluoric acid.
- the PF 5 absorber described above is not particularly limited, and for example, a known absorber using a packed tower, a multistage tower, a spray tower, or the like can be preferably used.
- the manufacturing apparatus shown in the figure includes a first absorption tower 1 and a second absorption tower 5, a first tank 2, a second tank 6, a third tank 10, pumps 3, 7, 11 and a first cooler. 4 and the 2nd cooler 8, the deaeration tower 9, the air pump 12, and the condenser 13 are provided.
- a predetermined amount of organic solvent is put into the first tank 2 and the second tank 6.
- the pumps 3 and 7 supply the liquid in the first tank 2 and the second tank 6 to the first absorption tower 1 and the second absorption tower 5, respectively, and perform circulation operation.
- PF 5 gas is supplied to the bottom of the second absorption tower 5.
- PF 5 may have a purity of 100%, or may be appropriately diluted by mixing an inert gas. Heat generation in the first absorption tower 1 and the second absorption tower 5 can be reduced by mixing the inert gas.
- the moisture in the inert gas used for dilution is preferably a low moisture of 100 ppm by weight or less, more preferably 10 ppm by weight or less, and more preferably 1 ppm by weight or less so as not to induce hydrolysis of PF 5. It is particularly preferred that The PF 5 gas is dissolved in the organic solvent by countercurrent contact with the organic solvent in the first absorption tower 1 and the second absorption tower 5 (first step). The heat absorbed by the organic solvent of PF 5 is removed by the first cooler 4 and the second cooler 8 provided in the circulation line, and is maintained at an appropriate operating temperature.
- the organic solvent in which the PF 5 gas is dissolved is supplied to the second tank 6.
- a stoichiometric amount of fluoride equivalent to or less than PF 5 is supplied to the second tank 6.
- PF 5 and fluoride reacts, hexafluorophosphate is produced (second step).
- the following reaction formula shows the reaction between PF 5 and lithium fluoride.
- the hexafluorophosphate solution generated in the second tank 6 is sent out by a pump 7 through a pipe and supplied to the top of the second absorption tower 5.
- PF 5 supplied to the bottom of the column is absorbed by the hexafluorophosphate solution in the second absorption column (third step).
- the hexafluorophosphate is increased to a desired concentration by continuously reacting with fluoride in the second tank 6.
- the supply of the organic solvent from the outside to the first absorption tower 1 is started, and the liquid supply destination of the pump 3 is switched from the first absorption tower 1 to the second absorption tower 5 to obtain hexafluorophosphate.
- the continuous production of the solution is performed.
- the absorption liquid may be supplied to the second absorption tower 5 at the same time while partially circulating the absorption liquid to the first absorption tower 1.
- the supply amount of the fluoride to the second tank 6 is the stoichiometry with respect to PF 5 dissolved in the organic solvent in order to avoid the presence of the fluoride that is hardly soluble in the organic solvent in a slurry state.
- a method of making PF 5 stoichiometrically excessive with respect to fluoride can be realized by always supplying a stoichiometric excess of PF 5 with respect to fluoride. PF 5 must be discharged out of the system in any step, which is not preferable because it causes loss of raw materials.
- a method in which PF 5 and fluoride are supplied in a stoichiometrically equivalent manner to a liquid in which an excessive amount of PF 5 suitable for operation is absorbed in advance is more preferable.
- the fluoride added in the second step is not limited to LiF, but NaF, KF, RbF, CsF, NH 4 F, AgF, CaF 2 , MgF 2 , BaF 2 , ZnF 2 , CuF 2 , PbF 2 , AlF 3, FeF 3, and the like. These fluorides may be used alone or in combination of two or more depending on the purpose.
- the hexafluorophosphate solution in which PF 5 is excessively dissolved, which is produced in the second step, is supplied to the top of the second absorption tower 5 in the third step. Also supplied to the deaeration tower 9. Further, the hexafluorophosphate solution sent to the deaeration tower 9 is depressurized by the air pump 12, and the PF 5 gas is distilled off. Thus, PF 5 and a fluoride is adjusted to a solution of hexafluorophosphate became stoichiometrically equivalent, withdrawn as a product from the third tank 10.
- a solution of hexafluorophosphate can be prepared by adding a fluoride that is stoichiometrically equivalent to PF 5 dissolved in excess, but from the viewpoint of continuous productivity, excess PF 5 is distilled off under reduced pressure. It is preferable. Further, it may be heated with a heater to the degassing tower 9 in order to increase the removal efficiency of PF 5 by vacuum.
- the distilled PF 5 gas is supplied to the bottom of the second absorption tower 5 by the air pump 12. Furthermore, it is recovered and reused by making countercurrent contact with the organic solvent and / or hexafluorophosphate solution in the second absorption tower 5.
- the hexafluorophosphate solution is depressurized with the air pump 12 to distill off the HF, and then condensed and removed by the condenser 13. It doesn't matter.
- the liquid (drain) condensed in the condenser 13 contains an organic solvent, HF, and PF 5, but may be subjected to waste liquid treatment and discarded as it is, or HF, PF 5 or the organic solvent is recovered as necessary. You can reuse it.
- a recovery method a normal method such as distillation or extraction can be used.
- a high-purity hexafluorophosphate can be continuously produced with high yield by circulating a hexafluorophosphate solution.
- the first absorption tower 1 and the second absorption tower 5 can use any type of absorption device such as a packed tower, a plate tower, and a wet wall tower. Furthermore, the type of absorption may be either countercurrent or cocurrent.
- the concentration of PF 5 gas in the organic solvent and hexafluorophosphate solution is preferably 15% by weight or less, more preferably 10% by weight or less, and more preferably 5% by weight or less. Is particularly preferred.
- the PF 5 gas concentration in the organic solvent exceeds 15% by weight, the reaction between the organic solvent and PF 5 occurs, and the organic solvent may be colored, modified, or solidified. In addition, the heat of absorption becomes large and it may be difficult to control the liquid temperature.
- the gas-liquid contact temperature between the PF 5 gas and the organic solvent and hexafluorophosphate solution is preferably ⁇ 40 to 100 ° C., and preferably 0 to 60 ° C. It is more preferable that When the gas-liquid contact temperature is lower than ⁇ 40 ° C., the organic solvent may solidify, and continuous operation cannot be performed. On the other hand, when the gas-liquid contact temperature exceeds 100 ° C., the vapor pressure of PF 5 in the organic solvent and hexafluorophosphate solution becomes too high and the absorption efficiency decreases, or the reaction between the organic solvent and PF 5 occurs. There is a disadvantage that occurs.
- the organic solvent is preferably at least one of a non-aqueous organic solvent and a non-aqueous ionic liquid.
- aprotic is preferable. Since it is not capable of donating hydrogen ions when it is aprotic, the solution of hexafluorophosphate obtained by the production method of the present invention is applied as it is to the electrolyte of a storage element such as a lithium ion secondary battery. be able to.
- the non-aqueous organic solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyl lactone, acetonitrile, Examples include dimethylformamide, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, methanol, isopropanol and the like.
- the produced hexafluorophosphate is difficult to precipitate, that is, the hexafluorophosphate is highly soluble in ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, Methyl ethyl carbonate, acetonitrile and 1,2-dimethoxyethane are preferred.
- These organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- non-aqueous and aprotic organic solvent examples include a cyclic carbonate ester, a chain carbonate ester, a carboxylic acid ester, a nitrile, an amide, or an ether compound. These non-aqueous aprotic organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- non-aqueous ionic liquid is not particularly limited.
- a fluoride complex salt or fluoride salt such as quaternary ammonium or quaternary phosphonium, among others, a quaternary ammonium cation includes a tetraalkylammonium cation, Examples include imidazolium cation, pyrazolium cation, pyridinium cation, triazolium cation, pyridazinium cation, thiazolium cation, oxazolium cation, pyrimidinium cation, and pyrazinium cation.
- examples of the quaternary phosphonium cation include a tetraalkylphosphonium cation.
- These non-aqueous ionic liquids may be used alone or in combination of two or more, or may be used by dissolving in the non-aqueous organic solvent.
- the organic solvent may be a non-aqueous organic solvent or a non-aqueous ionic liquid, or a mixture of two or more.
- the excess phosphorus component-containing gas used in the production of hexafluorophosphate, specifically, PF 5 gas is absorbed in the absorption liquid and recovered and reused.
- the absorbing liquid include water, hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution, and M salt (M is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NH 4 , Ag, Mg, Ca, Ba, Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe, and Al).
- M salt is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NH 4 , Ag, Mg, Ca, Ba, Zn, Cu , Pb, Fe and Al, carbonates, hydroxides and halides containing at least one selected from the group consisting of Pb, Fe and Al
- the phosphorus component-containing gas generated during the production of hexafluorophosphate specifically, phosphorus pentafluoride and HF gas are introduced into the phosphorus pentafluoride extraction device and reused as a carrier gas. May be. Thereby, even when an excessive amount of phosphorus pentafluoride gas is used, loss of the raw material can be suppressed.
- the HF gas generated during the production of hexafluorophosphate may be reused as a carrier gas, or the hydrogen fluoride collected and recovered by absorption in water is a raw material containing phosphorus atoms. You may use for reaction with.
- the organic solvent containing PF 5 obtained in the first absorption tower 1 is supplied to the second absorption tower 5.
- the PF 5 that could not be absorbed by the first absorption tower 1 may be recovered and reused by the absorption method described above. Thereby, even when an excessive amount of PF 5 gas is used, the entire amount is used and the loss of the raw material can be suppressed.
- the reactor used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is made of a material having resistance to the composition, and stainless steel or carbon steel is preferably used.
- stainless steel or carbon steel is preferably used.
- the reactor is corroded, the resulting product is also contaminated by the corroded material, which causes the metal content of the product to increase.
- Example 1 The following implementation was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG.
- Example 2 200 g of a commercially available 75% phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) aqueous solution and 2000 g of commercially available anhydrous hydrofluoric acid (HF) are put together with a rotor in a 5 L fluororesin (PFA) reaction tank (cooled with a refrigerant), and then transferred to a carrier. N 2 gas as a gas was introduced at 0.2 l / min.
- the reaction tank was connected to a reflux tower (20 mm ⁇ ⁇ 2 m) made of SUS316. While the temperature of the PFA reaction vessel was heated to 45 ° C. with a heating medium, the reflux tower was cooled with ⁇ 30 ° C. brine.
- reaction solution was stirred with a magnetic stirrer. As the temperature of the reaction vessel rose after a while, the reflux of HF started. The temperature of the reaction solution at that time was 23 ° C. Thereafter, gas generation was confirmed from the top of the reflux tower.
- Example 3 Commercially available potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF 6 ) 50 g and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF) 2000 g together with a rotor were placed in a 5 L fluororesin (PFA) reaction vessel and connected to a SUS316 reflux tower (20 mm ⁇ ⁇ 2 m). .
- the PFA reaction vessel was heated to 45 ° C. with a heating medium, and at the same time, the reflux tower was cooled with ⁇ 50 ° C. brine. Further, the reaction solution was stirred with a magnetic stirrer. Reflux of HF started as the bath temperature rose. The temperature of the internal reaction solution at that time was 21 ° C.
- Example 4 330 g of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) and 2000 g of anhydrous HF were put together with a rotor into a 5 L-PFA reaction vessel and connected to a reflux tower (20 mm ⁇ ⁇ 2 m) made of SUS316.
- the PFA reaction vessel was heated to 80 ° C. with a heating medium, and at the same time, the reflux tower was cooled with 0 ° C. brine. Further, the reaction solution was stirred with a magnetic stirrer. Reflux of HF started as the bath temperature rose. The temperature of the internal reaction liquid at that time was 30 ° C.
- the gas generated from the reflux tower was analyzed by FTIR, it was confirmed that the gas was PF 5 and a small amount of HF.
- the generated gas was absorbed in pure water for 4 hours, the P content of the absorbing solution was measured, and the weight of the generated PF 5 gas was calculated. As a result, it was 205 g, and 75% was generated.
- Example 5 90 g of ammonium hexafluorophosphate (NH 4 PF 6 ) and 2000 g of anhydrous HF were placed in a 5 L-PFA reaction vessel together with a rotor, and the reaction solution was stirred with a magnetic stirrer. In the present Example 5, it carried out without installing a reflux tower. The generated gas was analyzed by FTIR and simultaneously absorbed in pure water. When the PFA reaction tank was heated to 65 ° C. with a heating medium, hydrogen fluoride evaporated and reacted vigorously with pure water as the absorbing solution. As a result of FTIR analysis of the generated gas, it was confirmed that the gas was PF 5 and a large amount of HF.
- the 20 L-PFA reaction tank was heated to 70 ° C. with a heating medium, and the 3 L-PFA reaction tank was cooled with an ice bath.
- the reflux tower was cooled with 0 ° C. brine. The two reaction vessels were each stirred.
- the temperature of the 20 L-PFA reactor gradually increased and the internal temperature reached 23 ° C., and the reflux of HF started. Almost simultaneously, the temperature of the 3L-PFA reactor rose from 0 ° C to 5 ° C.
- the 3 L-PFA reaction tank was removed from the reflux tower, cooled to ⁇ 40 ° C., and crystallized for 48 hours. Next, the supernatant liquid of the 3L-PFA reaction tank was slowly extracted, and solid-liquid separation was performed. After separation, N 2 was introduced into the bottle at 3 L / min and air-dried. Thereafter, drying was performed for 3 hours with a dryer at 85 ° C., and 395 g of crystals were obtained.
- the obtained crystal was analyzed by XRD, it was assigned to silver hexafluorophosphate (AgPF 6 ).
- the water content was 30 ppm by weight or less, and the free hydrofluoric acid concentration was 50 ppm by weight or less.
- the moisture content was measured with a moisture meter, and the free hydrofluoric acid concentration was determined by titration with sodium hydroxide.
- Example 7 phosphorus pentafluoride was manufactured using the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. [Step I] 1.2 kg of acidic potassium fluoride (KHF 2 ) was placed in a 10 L-PTFE reactor, and 5.25 kg of semiconductor grade 75% HF was slowly added while cooling in an ice bath. Further, 1.3 kg of 85% by weight phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) was added over 30 minutes. The mixture was stirred for 6 hours in a water bath at + 20 ° C. to carry out reaction and crystallization. Next, the obtained precipitate was separated by suction filtration. The recovered crystals were washed with water and then dried at 105 ° C. for 6 hours. The yield of the obtained crystal was 1.35 kg (yield 65%). Furthermore, when XRD measurement of the obtained crystal was performed, it was found to be KPF 6 .
- Step II 1.2 kg of KPF 6 and 6 kg of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF) obtained above were placed in a 10 L-PTFE reaction tank together with a rotor, and connected to a reflux tower (20 mm ⁇ ⁇ 2 m) made of SUS316. Further, 95 g of LiF and 1200 g of anhydrous HF were separately dissolved in a 2 L-PTFE reaction tank together with a rotor. The outlet of the reflux tower was connected to a 2L-PTFE reaction tank so that the generated PF 5 gas could be absorbed by the 2L-PTFE reaction tank. Further, in order to absorb the exhaust gas, a 3L-PTFE reaction tank was connected to the rear stage of the 2L-PTFE reactor. In this 3L-PTFE reaction vessel, a solution in which 50 g of KF ⁇ (HF) was dissolved in HF having a concentration of 50 wt% and a weight of 2 kg was used.
- the 10 L-PTFE reaction tank was heated with a water bath at 85 ° C., and the 2 L-PTFE reaction tank and the 3 L-PTFE reaction tank were cooled with an ice bath.
- the reflux tower was cooled with 0 ° C. brine. Each of the three reaction vessels was stirred.
- the temperature of the 10 L-PTFE reaction vessel gradually increased and the internal temperature became 25 ° C., and the reflux of HF started. Almost simultaneously, the temperature of the 2L-PTFE reactor rose from 0 ° C. to 8 ° C., and the solution gradually became cloudy.
- Step III After the reaction was carried out for 8 hours, the 2L-PTFE reaction vessel was removed from the reflux tower and stirred for 4 hours while cooling to -40 ° C. The obtained crystal was subjected to solid-liquid separation by filtration, and the obtained crystal was transferred to a 1 L-PFA container, and N 2 was introduced at room temperature at a flow rate of 3 L / min for 4 hours and allowed to air dry. Thereafter, the 1 L-PFA container was dried at 85 ° C. for 3 hours, and 350 g of crystals could be obtained.
- Step IV Withdrawn liquid from 3L-PTFE reaction vessel was subjected to ion chromatography analysis, PF 6 - ions were detected. This indicates that exhaust gas can be trapped and the trap liquid can be reused as a raw material.
- Step V Further, the 10L-PTFE reaction tank after the reaction is removed from the reflux tower, and the solution is concentrated with a water bath at 35 ° C., and a HF solution containing viscous KPF 6 / KF ⁇ v (HF) (v ⁇ 0) is recovered. did. This solution could be reused in Step I.
- Example 8 20 kg of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride solution was placed in a fluororesin reaction tank connected to the bottom with a metering pump for extraction. While cooling this anhydrous hydrogen fluoride solution to 10 ° C., 1 kg of diphosphorus pentoxide was dissolved. Further, an anhydrous hydrogen fluoride solution in which diphosphorus pentoxide was dissolved was supplied to a phosphorus pentafluoride generation tank (made of fluororesin, capacity 10 L). The supply was quantitatively performed at a rate of 8 kg / hr. As the phosphorus pentafluoride generation tank, a tank in which a 0 ° C. condenser and a ⁇ 50 ° C.
- anhydrous hydrogen fluoride gas at 25 ° C. generated in a carrier gas generation tank was bubbled and supplied to the anhydrous hydrogen fluoride solution in the phosphorus pentafluoride generation tank.
- Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride gas was supplied at a rate of 40 kg / hr.
- the anhydrous hydrogen fluoride solution was extracted using a pump so that the liquid level of the anhydrous hydrogen fluoride solution was kept constant.
- the extraction speed was about 8 kg / hr.
- the liquid temperature of the condensate produced by the condensation by the condenser was 20 ° C., and this condensate was recycled as it was to the carrier gas generation tank.
- PF 5 gas accompanied by a very small amount of HF was constantly generated from the outlet of the cooler at a rate of 5.5 g / min.
- the phosphorus pentafluoride gas containing hydrogen fluoride was supplied to the bottom of the second absorption tower 5 at 5.5 g / min.
- lithium fluoride was started to be supplied to the second tank 6 at 1.13 g / min.
- the product started to be extracted at 44.9 ml / min.
- the organic solvent is supplied to the first absorption tower 1 at 43.4 ml / min, and the supply destination of the liquid in the pump 3 is switched from the first absorption tower 1 to the second absorption tower 5.
- the diethyl carbonate solution of lithium hexafluorophosphate thus obtained had an insoluble component of 10 ppm by weight or less, a free acid of 10 ppm by weight or less, and a water content of 10 ppm by weight or less. Moreover, the obtained diethyl carbonate solution of lithium hexafluorophosphate was further depressurized at 40 ° C. to distill off the diethyl carbonate to obtain a white solid. As a result of XRD analysis of the white solid, it was assigned to lithium hexafluorophosphate.
- Example 9 First, a PF 5 gas containing a very small amount of HF was generated by performing the same operation as in Example 8. Next, the following operation was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. After charging 2603 mL of commercially available battery grade diethyl carbonate (moisture concentration of 9 ppm by weight) to the first tank 2 and the second tank 6 made of fluororesin, circulating operation in each absorption tower and tank using the pumps 3 and 7 Started. At this time, the flow rates of the pump 3 and the pump 7 were both 1 L / min. Moreover, the 1st tank 2 and the 2nd tank 6 were made constant temperature of 20 degreeC using the 1st cooler 4 and the 2nd cooler 8, respectively.
- moisture concentration of 9 ppm by weight moisture concentration of 9 ppm by weight
- the phosphorus pentafluoride gas containing hydrogen fluoride was supplied to the bottom of the second absorption tower 5 at 5.5 g / min.
- lithium fluoride was started to be supplied to the second tank 6 at 1.13 g / min.
- the product started to be extracted at 35.9 ml / min.
- the organic solvent is supplied to the first absorption tower 1 at 32.5 ml / min, and the supply destination of the liquid in the pump 3 is switched from the first absorption tower 1 to the second absorption tower 5.
- a coin-type non-aqueous electrolyte lithium secondary battery shown in FIG. 4 was manufactured using the solution thus obtained, and the performance as an electrolyte was evaluated by a charge / discharge test. Specifically, the procedure was as follows.
- This paste was uniformly applied onto a copper foil having a thickness of 22 ⁇ m using an electrode applicator. This was vacuum-dried at 120 ° C. for 8 hours, and a positive electrode 21 having a diameter of 16 mm was obtained with an electrode punching machine.
- Example 10 a PF 5 gas containing a very small amount of HF was generated by performing the same operation as in Example 8. Next, the following operation was performed using the apparatus shown in FIG. After charging 2603 mL of commercially available battery grade diethyl carbonate (water concentration 550 ppm by weight) mixed with water into the first tank 2 and the second tank 6 made of fluororesin, each of the absorption towers and tanks using the pumps 3 and 7 Circulation operation at has started. At this time, the flow rates of the pump 3 and the pump 7 were both 1 L / min. Moreover, the 1st tank 2 and the 2nd tank 6 were made constant temperature of 20 degreeC using the 1st cooler 4 and the 2nd cooler 8, respectively.
- the phosphorus pentafluoride gas containing hydrogen fluoride was supplied to the bottom of the second absorption tower 5 at 5.5 g / min.
- lithium fluoride was started to be supplied to the second tank 6 at 1.13 g / min.
- the product started to be extracted at 44.9 ml / min.
- the organic solvent is supplied to the first absorption tower 1 at 43.4 ml / min, and the liquid supply destination of the pump 3 is switched from the first absorption tower 1 to the second absorption tower 5, and thereafter Driving.
- the thus obtained insoluble component of the lithium hexafluorophosphate diethyl carbonate solution was 82 ppm by weight and the free acid was 380 ppm by weight.
- Example 9 a coin-type non-aqueous electrolyte lithium ion secondary battery was manufactured using a diethyl carbonate solution of lithium hexafluorophosphate. Further, in the same manner as in Example 7, the performance as an electrolytic solution was evaluated by a charge / discharge test. As a result, the charging / discharging efficiency was 80%, and when charging / discharging was repeated 150 cycles, a decrease in charging capacity could be suppressed to about 20%.
- the absorption solution in the absorption tank was analyzed for P by ICP-AES, and the generated PF 5 gas weight was determined to be 0 g, which was not generated at all.
- Comparative Example 2 lithium hexafluorophosphate was produced using the apparatus shown in FIG. First, 2603 mL of commercially available battery grade diethyl carbonate (moisture concentration 9 ppm by weight) was charged into the first tank 2 and the second tank 6 made of fluororesin, respectively, and then pumps 3 and 7 were used for each absorption tower and tank. Circulation operation started. At this time, the flow rates of the pump 3 and the pump 7 were both 1 L / min. Moreover, the 1st tank 2 and the 2nd tank 6 were made constant temperature of 20 degreeC using the 1st cooler 4 and the 2nd cooler 8, respectively.
- the HF-containing phosphorus pentafluoride gas obtained in Example 7 was supplied to the bottom of the second absorption tower 5 at 5.5 g / min. After absorbing this phosphorus pentafluoride gas in the organic solvent for 2 minutes, lithium fluoride was started to be supplied to the second tank 6 at 1.34 g / min. Sixty minutes after the start of the supply of lithium fluoride, the second absorption tower 5 was clogged with slurry-like lithium fluoride, making it difficult to operate.
- lithium hexafluorophosphate using the phosphorus pentafluoride gas obtained by the production method of the present invention as a raw material resulted in high quality with low moisture and high purity.
- Lithium hexafluorophosphate could be produced by a relatively easy and simple method.
- lithium hexafluorophosphate obtained by the method to an electrolyte of a coin-type non-aqueous electrolyte lithium ion secondary battery, lithium ions that suppress a decrease in charge capacity even after repeated charge and discharge It was confirmed that a secondary battery was obtained.
- high-quality phosphorus pentafluoride having a low moisture concentration and high purity can be produced using low-quality raw materials without requiring complicated processing operations and special equipment.
- the high-quality phosphorus pentafluoride obtained by the present invention as a raw material, an inexpensive and high-quality hexafluorophosphate can be easily produced without using a complicated apparatus.
- the high-quality hexafluorophosphate obtained by the present invention can be suitably used as an electrolyte solution for a storage element, a catalyst for an organic synthesis reaction, and the like.
- lithium hexafluorophosphate, sodium hexafluorophosphate, potassium hexafluorophosphate, etc. are electrolytes for power storage elements for personal computers, mobile phones, hybrid vehicles, etc.
- silver hexafluorophosphate is used as a counter ion for generating an acid necessary for the initiation / proliferation reaction of photopolymerization.
- ammonium hexafluorophosphate is useful as a raw material used in the production of pharmaceutical intermediates.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1には、原料を熱分解することによりPF5を製造する方法が開示されている。例えば、LiPF6の熱分解の場合(下記式1)、LiPF6は120℃付近で僅かに熱分解が起こり、200~250℃付近で完全に熱分解する。その後、LiFの粉末が残る。また、NH4PF6の場合は約250℃、NaPF6の場合は約400℃、KPF6及びCsPF6の場合は600℃~700℃で熱分解が起こり、非常に高温で加熱をしなければPF5の製造は困難である。これにより、高価な耐熱仕様の製造設備が必要となり、製造コストが増加するため、特許文献1に開示の製造方法では工業的に合理的とは言い難い。
即ち、本発明によると、複雑な処理操作や特別な装置を必要とせず、低品位の原料を用いて安価で低水分濃度・高純度の高品位な五フッ化リンを製造することができる。また、本発明により得られる高品位の五フッ化リンを用いることで、複雑な装置を用いることなく、安価で高品位な六フッ化リン酸塩を容易に製造することができる。更に、本発明により得られる高品位の六フッ化リン酸塩を電解液に適用することで、安全性が高く、電気特性にも優れた蓄電素子が得られる。
本発明の実施の一形態について、以下に説明する。
本実施の形態に係る五フッ化リンの製造方法は、少なくともリン原子及びフッ素原子を含み構成される原料にキャリアガスを接触させることにより行う。
次に、前記方法により得られた高品位のPF5ガスと、フッ化物(AFs)とを接触させることにより、下記化学反応式の通りに六フッ化リン酸塩を製造させる。また、本報で得られる高品位のPF5を有機溶媒に吸収させて高純度なPF5錯体を得ることができる。有機溶媒は特に限定されず、メタノール、テトラヒドロフラン、ジエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロチオフェン、トリエチルアミン、プロピレンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート等が例示できる。更に、PF5錯体に化学当量のHFを添加して水を含まない六フッ化リン酸溶液を得ることもできる。
図3に示す装置を用いて以下の実施を行った。
市販の75%リン酸(H3PO4)水溶液200gと市販の無水フッ酸(HF)2000gを回転子と共に5Lフッ素樹脂(PFA)製の反応槽(冷媒にて冷却)に入れ、そこへキャリアガスとしてのN2ガスを0.2l/minで導入した。反応槽は、SUS316製の還流塔(20mmφ×2m)に接続した。PFA反応槽の温度を熱媒にて45℃に加温すると同時に、還流塔は-30℃のブラインで冷却した。更に、マグネチックスターラーで反応液を攪拌させた。暫くして反応槽の温度が上昇していくとHFの還流が始まった。その時の反応液の温度は23℃であった。その後、還流塔の塔頂からガスの発生が確認できた。
市販の六フッ化リン酸カリウム(KPF6)50gと無水フッ化水素(HF)2000gを回転子と共に5Lフッ素樹脂(PFA)製の反応槽に入れ、SUS316製の還流塔(20mmφx2m)に接続した。PFA反応槽を熱媒にて反応槽外部温度を45℃に加温すると同時に、還流塔は-50℃のブラインで冷却した。更に、マグネチックスターラーで反応液を攪拌させた。バス温が上昇していくとHFの還流が始まった。そのときの内部の反応液の温度は21℃であった。
六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)330gと無水HF2000gを回転子と共に5L-PFA製反応槽に入れ、SUS316製の還流塔(20mmφx2m)に接続した。PFA反応槽を熱媒にて80℃に加温すると同時に、還流塔は0℃のブラインで冷却した。更に、マグネチックスターラーで反応液を攪拌させた。バス温が上昇していくとHFの還流が始まった。その時の内部の反応液の温度は30℃であった。
六フッ化リン酸アンモニウム(NH4PF6)90gと無水HF2000gを回転子と共に5L-PFA製反応槽に入れ、マグネチックスターラーで反応液を攪拌させた。本実施例5では、還流塔を設置させずに行った。発生したガスをFTIRで分析すると同時に、純水に吸収させた。PFA反応槽を熱媒にて65℃に加温するとフッ化水素が蒸発し、吸収液である純水と激しく反応した。発生したガスのFTIR分析を行ったところ、PF5と多量のHFであることが確認できた。超純水に6時間吸収させ、吸収液のP含量を測定し、発生したPF5ガス重量を計算した。その結果、PF5ガスの重量43gであり、収率は62%であった。また、この吸収水中の金属不純物濃度をICP-MSを用いて分析した結果、PF5ガス中に含まれる金属不純物濃度が0.5重量ppm以下であることが確認された。
六フッ化リン酸セシウム(CsPF6)1.5kg及びフッ化リチウム(LiF)140gと無水フッ化水素(HF)18kgを回転子と共に20L-PTFE反応槽に入れ、SUS316製の還流塔(20mmφx2m)に接続した。更に別途フッ化銀(AgF)210gと無水HF500gを回転子と共に3L-PFA反応槽に入れ溶解させ、還流塔の出口を3L-PFA反応槽に接続し、発生したガスが3L-PFA反応槽で吸収できるようにした。20L-PFA反応槽は熱媒にて70℃に加温、3L-PFA反応槽は氷浴で冷却した。還流塔は0℃のブラインで冷却した。2つの反応槽はそれぞれ攪拌を行った。
本実施例に於いては、図2に示す製造装置を用いて五フッ化リンの製造を行った。
[第I工程]
10L-PTFE反応槽に酸性フッ化カリウム(KHF2)を1.2kg入れ、半導体グレードの75%HF 5.25kgを氷浴で冷却しながらゆっくり加えた。更に、85%重量リン酸(H3PO4)1.3kgを30分かけて添加した。+20℃のウォーターバスで6時間攪拌を行い、反応・晶析を行った。次に、得られた沈殿物を吸引濾過により濾別した。回収した結晶を水で洗浄し、その後、105℃で6時間乾燥した。得られた結晶の収量は、1.35kg(収率65%)であった。更に、得られた結晶のXRD測定を行ったところ、KPF6であることが分かった。
前記で得られたKPF61.2kgと無水フッ化水素(HF)6kgを回転子と共に10L-PTFE反応槽に入れ、SUS316製の還流塔(20mmφx2m)に接続した。更に、別途95gのLiFと1200gの無水HFを回転子と共に2L-PTFE反応槽に入れて溶解させた。還流塔の出口を2L-PTFE反応槽に接続し、発生したPF5ガスが2L-PTFE反応槽で吸収できるようにした。更に、排ガスを吸収させるため、2L-PTFE反応装置の後段に3L-PTFE反応槽を接続した。この3L-PTFE反応槽には、濃度が50重量%であり、重量が2kgのHFに対し、KF・(HF)50gを溶解させた液を用いた。
反応を8時間行った後、2L-PTFE反応槽を還流塔から外し、-40℃に冷却しながら4時間攪拌を行った。得られた結晶物を濾過にて固液分離を行い、得られた結晶を1L-PFA容器に移し、室温下、3L/分の流量でN2を4時間導入し風乾させた。その後、1L-PFA容器を85℃で3時間乾燥を行ったところ350gの結晶を得ることができた。
3L-PTFE反応槽から液を抜き取り、イオンクロマトグラフ分析を行ったところ、PF6 -イオンが検出された。このことから、排ガスがトラップでき、このトラップ液を原料として再利用できることを示している。
更に、反応後の10L-PTFE反応槽を還流塔から外し、35℃のウォーターバスで溶液を濃縮し、粘性のあるKPF6/KF・v(HF)(v≧0)を含むHF溶液を回収した。この溶液は第I工程で再利用が可能であった。
底部に抜き出し用の定量ポンプを連結したフッ素樹脂製反応槽に、無水フッ化水素溶液20kgを入れた。この無水フッ化水素溶液を10℃に冷却しながら、五酸化二リン1kgを溶解させた。更に、五酸化二リンが溶解した無水フッ化水素溶液を、五フッ化リン発生槽(フッ素樹脂製、容量10L)に供給した。供給は8kg/hrの速度で定量的に行った。また、五フッ化リン発生槽としては、0℃のコンデンサー及び-50℃のクーラーが直列に接続されているものを用いた。その一方、キャリアガス発生槽で発生させた25℃の無水フッ化水素ガスを、前記五フッ化リン発生槽内中の前記無水フッ化水素溶液にバブリングして供給した。無水フッ化水素ガスの供給は40kg/hrの速度で行った。
先ず、前記実施例8と同様の操作を行うことにより、極少量のHFを含むPF5ガスを生成させた。次に、図2に示す装置を用いて、以下の操作を行った。市販電池グレードのジエチルカーボネート(水分濃度9重量ppm)をフッ素樹脂製の第1槽2及び第2槽6にそれぞれ2603mL仕込んだ後、ポンプ3及び7を用いて各吸収塔及び槽での循環運転を開始した。このとき、ポンプ3及びポンプ7の流量はともに1L/minとした。また、第1槽2及び第2槽6はそれぞれ第1冷却器4及び第2冷却器8を用いて20℃の恒温にした。
天然黒鉛と結着剤のポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を9:1の重量比で混合し、これにN-メチルピロリドンを加え、ペーストを得た。このペーストを厚さ22μmの銅箔上に電極塗工用アプリケーターを用いて均一に塗工した。これを120℃で8時間、真空乾燥し、電極打ち抜き機で直径16mmの負極22を得た。
LiCoO2粉末と導電助剤のアセチレンブラックと結着剤のPVdFを90:5:5の重量比で混合し、この混合物にN-メチルピロリドンを加え、ペーストを得た。このペーストを厚さ22μmの銅箔上に電極塗工用アプリケーターを用いて均一に塗工した。これを120℃で8時間、真空乾燥し、電極打ち抜き機で直径16mmの正極21を得た。
正極21を正極缶24の底面に載せ、その上にポリプロピレン製多孔質セパレーター23を載置した後、実施例8で調製した非水性電解液を注入し、ガスケット26を挿入した。その後、セパレーター23の上に負極22、スペーサー27、スプリング28及び負極缶25を順々に載置し、コイン型電池かしめ機を使用して、正極缶24の開口部を内方へ折り曲げることにより封口し、非水電解液リチウムイオン二次電池を作成した。続いて、充電を0.4mAの一定電流で行い、電圧が4.1Vに到達した時点で4.1V、1時間定電圧充電した。放電は1.0mAの定電流で行い、電圧が3.0Vになるまで放電した。電圧が3.0Vに到達したら3.0V、1時間保持し充放電サイクルにより充放電試験を実施した。その結果、充放電効率はほぼ100%であり、充放電を150サイクル繰り返したところ、充電容量は変化しなかった。
先ず、前記実施例8と同様の操作を行うことにより、極少量のHFを含むPF5ガスを生成させた。次に、図2に示す装置を用いて、以下の操作を行った。水が混入した市販電池グレードのジエチルカーボネート(水分濃度550重量ppm)をフッ素樹脂製の第1槽2及び第2槽6にそれぞれ2603mL仕込んだ後、ポンプ3及び7を用いて各吸収塔及び槽での循環運転を開始した。このとき、ポンプ3及びポンプ7の流量はともに1L/minとした。また、第1槽2及び第2槽6はそれぞれ第1冷却器4及び第2冷却器8を用いて20℃の恒温にした。
200gのKPF6と200gの無水HFを回転子と共に5L-PFA製反応槽に入れ、SUS316製の還流塔(20mmφx2m)に接続した。更に、還流塔上部からPFA配管で純水を入れた吸収槽に接続した。PFA反応槽を氷浴で15℃に保持すると同時に、還流塔を0℃のブラインで冷却した。更に、マグネチックスターラーで反応液を攪拌させた。反応槽内部温度は14.2℃であり、この状態で反応液の沸騰は起らず還流は観察されなかった。
本比較例2は、図2に示す装置を用いて、六フッ化リン酸リチウムの製造を行った。
先ず、市販電池グレードのジエチルカーボネート(水分濃度9重量ppm)をフッ素樹脂製の第1槽2及び第2槽6にそれぞれ2603mL仕込んだ後、ポンプ3及び7を用いて各吸収塔及び槽での循環運転を開始した。このとき、ポンプ3及びポンプ7の流量はともに1L/minとした。また、第1槽2及び第2槽6はそれぞれ第1冷却器4及び第2冷却器8を用いて20℃の恒温にした。
本例は、特許文献4に記載されている従来例を示す例である。
5L-PFA製反応槽にポリリン酸790g(9.4モル)を添加し、無水HF 1235g(61.7モル)を冷却により25℃に保持しながら、攪拌下加えた。更に無水HF150gを添加して、前記溶液中で25%過剰のHFを得た。反応槽を還流塔(-50℃に冷却)に接続し、温度を32℃に保ち、発煙硫酸(65%SO3)1781g(14.5モル)を3時間かけて加えた。発生したガスをFTIRで分析を行った。その結果、POF3に極少量のPF5が含まれていた。
前記実施例1~5から明らかな通り、リン原子及びフッ素原子を含む各種の原料、又はリン原子を含む各種の原料に対しキャリアガスを接触させることにより、前記キャリアガス中に高品位の五フッ化リンを抽出させて分離することができた。これにより、従来の方法と比較して、大量の副生ガスを発生させることなく、高品位の五フッ化リンを製造できることが確認できた。
2 第1槽
3 ポンプ
4 冷却器
5 第2吸収塔
6 第2槽
7 ポンプ
8 冷却器
9 脱気塔
10 第3槽
12 エアーポンプ
13 凝縮器
21 正極
22 負極
23 多孔質セパレーター
24 正極缶
25 負極缶
26 ガスケット
27 スペーサー
28 スプリング
Claims (31)
- 少なくともリン原子及びフッ素原子を含み構成される原料にキャリアガスを接触させることにより、前記キャリアガス中に五フッ化リンを抽出させて分離することを特徴とする五フッ化リンの製造方法。
- 前記原料中の前記フッ素原子は、フッ化水素として含まれていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の五フッ化リンの製造方法。
- 前記キャリアガスとして、フッ化水素ガスを用いることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の五フッ化リンの製造方法。
- 前記原料を加熱又は減圧させることにより、当該原料からフッ化水素ガスと共に五フッ化リンを蒸発させて発生させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の五フッ化リンの製造方法。
- 少なくとも前記キャリアガスと接触した後の原料中には、リン原子及びフッ素原子を含む多原子イオンが存在することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の五フッ化リンの製造方法。
- 前記多原子イオンは、少なくともPF6 -イオンであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の五フッ化リンの製造方法。
- 前記五フッ化リンを発生させた前記原料を再利用することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の五フッ化リンの製造方法。
- 少なくともリン原子を含み構成される原料に、キャリアガスとしてのフッ化水素ガスを接触させることにより、前記フッ化水素ガス中に五フッ化リンを抽出させて分離することを特徴とする五フッ化リンの製造方法。
- 少なくとも前記キャリアガスと接触した後の原料中には、リン原子及びフッ素原子を含む多原子イオンが存在することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の五フッ化リンの製造方法。
- 前記多原子イオンは、少なくともPF6 -イオンであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の五フッ化リンの製造方法。
- 前記五フッ化リンを発生させた前記原料を再利用することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の五フッ化リンの製造方法。
- 前記五フッ化リンとフッ化物との反応は、
溶媒に五フッ化リンガスを溶解させる第1工程と、
前記五フッ化リンに対し化学量論量的に等価又はそれ以下のフッ化物を前記溶媒に加え、六フッ化リン酸塩の溶液を生成させる第2工程と、
前記六フッ化リン酸塩の溶液を前記第1工程に循環させることにより、前記溶媒に代えて六フッ化リン酸塩の溶液に五フッ化リンガスを溶解させる第3工程とを少なくとも行うことを特徴とする請求項12に記載の六フッ化リン酸塩の製造方法。 - 前記溶媒としてフッ化水素溶液を用いることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の六フッ化リン酸塩の製造方法。
- 前記溶媒として有機溶媒を用いることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の六フッ化リン酸塩の製造方法。
- 前記有機溶媒は、非水性有機溶媒又は非水性イオン液体の少なくとも何れか一方であることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の六フッ化リン酸塩の製造方法。
- 前記溶媒として水分濃度が100重量ppm以下のものを使用することを特徴とする請求項13に記載の六フッ化リン酸塩の製造方法。
- 前記第1工程及び第3工程は吸収塔を用いて行うことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の六フッ化リン酸塩の製造方法。
- 前記五フッ化リンガスのうち未反応の五フッ化リンガスを吸収液に吸収させて回収し、再利用することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の六フッ化リン酸塩の製造方法。
- 前記五フッ化リンとフッ化物との反応は、
溶媒に五フッ化リンガスを溶解させる第1工程と、
前記五フッ化リンに対し化学量論量的に等価又はそれ以下のフッ化物を前記溶媒に加え、六フッ化リン酸塩の溶液を生成させる第2工程と、
前記六フッ化リン酸塩の溶液を前記第1工程に循環させることにより、前記溶媒に代えて六フッ化リン酸塩の溶液に五フッ化リンガスを溶解させる第3工程とを少なくとも行うことを特徴とする請求項20に記載の六フッ化リン酸塩の製造方法。 - 前記溶媒としてフッ化水素溶液を用いることを特徴とする請求項21に記載の六フッ化リン酸塩の製造方法。
- 前記溶媒として有機溶媒を用いることを特徴とする請求項21に記載の六フッ化リン酸塩の製造方法。
- 前記有機溶媒は、非水性有機溶媒又は非水性イオン液体の少なくとも何れか一方であることを特徴とする請求項23に記載の六フッ化リン酸塩の製造方法。
- 前記溶媒として水分濃度が100重量ppm以下のものを使用することを特徴とする請求項21に記載の六フッ化リン酸塩の製造方法。
- 前記第1工程及び第3工程は吸収塔を用いて行うことを特徴とする請求項21に記載の六フッ化リン酸塩の製造方法。
- 前記五フッ化リンガスのうち未反応の五フッ化リンガスを吸収液に吸収させて回収し、再利用することを特徴とする請求項20に記載の六フッ化リン酸塩の製造方法。
- 請求項12に記載の六フッ化リン酸塩の製造方法により得られた六フッ化リン酸塩を含む電解液。
- 請求項28に記載の電解液を備える蓄電素子。
- 請求項20に記載の六フッ化リン酸塩の製造方法により得られた六フッ化リン酸塩を含む電解液。
- 請求項30に記載の電解液を備える蓄電素子。
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CA2731838A CA2731838A1 (en) | 2008-08-08 | 2009-08-04 | Processes for production of phosphorus pentafluoride and hexafluorophosphates |
US12/990,914 US8470278B2 (en) | 2008-08-08 | 2009-08-04 | Processes for production of phosphorus pentafluoride and hexafluorophosphates |
CN2009801292911A CN102105394A (zh) | 2008-08-08 | 2009-08-04 | 五氟化磷和六氟磷酸盐的制造方法 |
EP09804954A EP2322472A4 (en) | 2008-08-08 | 2009-08-04 | METHODS OF PRODUCING PHOSPHORUS PENTAFLUORIDE AND HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATES |
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EP (1) | EP2322472A4 (ja) |
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KR (1) | KR101628417B1 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN102105394A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2731838A1 (ja) |
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JP2013531606A (ja) * | 2010-06-30 | 2013-08-08 | ハネウェル・インターナショナル・インコーポレーテッド | HFを用いるAsF5及びPF5の抽出蒸留 |
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EP2322472A4 (en) | 2012-04-11 |
TW201022135A (en) | 2010-06-16 |
EP2322472A1 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
KR101628417B1 (ko) | 2016-06-08 |
CA2731838A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
CN102105394A (zh) | 2011-06-22 |
CN105948007A (zh) | 2016-09-21 |
KR20110040986A (ko) | 2011-04-20 |
JP2010042937A (ja) | 2010-02-25 |
US20110189538A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
TWI471261B (zh) | 2015-02-01 |
SG10201406056VA (en) | 2014-12-30 |
US8470278B2 (en) | 2013-06-25 |
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