WO2009073402A2 - Ultrasonic surgical blades - Google Patents
Ultrasonic surgical blades Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009073402A2 WO2009073402A2 PCT/US2008/084307 US2008084307W WO2009073402A2 WO 2009073402 A2 WO2009073402 A2 WO 2009073402A2 US 2008084307 W US2008084307 W US 2008084307W WO 2009073402 A2 WO2009073402 A2 WO 2009073402A2
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- ultrasonic surgical
- surgical blade
- blade
- ultrasonic
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
- A61B17/320092—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic with additional movable means for clamping or cutting tissue, e.g. with a pivoting jaw
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/08—Materials for coatings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/08—Materials for coatings
- A61L31/082—Inorganic materials
- A61L31/088—Other specific inorganic materials not covered by A61L31/084 or A61L31/086
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/08—Materials for coatings
- A61L31/10—Macromolecular materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N7/00—Ultrasound therapy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00831—Material properties
- A61B2017/0084—Material properties low friction
- A61B2017/00849—Material properties low friction with respect to tissue, e.g. hollow organs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00831—Material properties
- A61B2017/00853—Material properties low friction, hydrophobic and corrosion-resistant fluorocarbon resin coating (ptf, ptfe, polytetrafluoroethylene)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00831—Material properties
- A61B2017/0088—Material properties ceramic
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
- A61B2017/320072—Working tips with special features, e.g. extending parts
- A61B2017/320078—Tissue manipulating surface
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
- A61B17/320092—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic with additional movable means for clamping or cutting tissue, e.g. with a pivoting jaw
- A61B2017/320093—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic with additional movable means for clamping or cutting tissue, e.g. with a pivoting jaw additional movable means performing cutting operation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
- A61B17/320092—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic with additional movable means for clamping or cutting tissue, e.g. with a pivoting jaw
- A61B2017/320094—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic with additional movable means for clamping or cutting tissue, e.g. with a pivoting jaw additional movable means performing clamping operation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320068—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
- A61B17/320092—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic with additional movable means for clamping or cutting tissue, e.g. with a pivoting jaw
- A61B2017/320095—Surgical cutting instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic with additional movable means for clamping or cutting tissue, e.g. with a pivoting jaw with sealing or cauterizing means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2400/00—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L2400/10—Materials for lubricating medical devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2420/00—Materials or methods for coatings medical devices
- A61L2420/08—Coatings comprising two or more layers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N7/00—Ultrasound therapy
- A61N7/02—Localised ultrasound hyperthermia
Definitions
- an ultrasonic transducer excited by an electrical generator produces mechanical vibrations at ultrasonic frequencies, which are transmitted longitudinally through a transmission component or waveguide to an end-effector.
- the mechanical vibrations induce longitudinal, transverse, or torsional vibratory movement to the end-effector relative to the transmission component.
- the vibratory movement of the end-effector generates localized heat within adjacent tissue, facilitating both cutting and coagulating of tissue at the same time.
- the ultrasonic vibrations when transmitted to organic tissue at suitable energy levels using a suitable end-effector, may be used to cut, dissect, separate, lift, transect, elevate, coagulate or cauterize tissue, or to separate or scrape muscle tissue away from bone with or without the assistance of a clamping assembly.
- ultrasonic instruments and particularly ultrasonic instruments comprising contact ultrasonic elements, provide certain advantages over other surgical instruments.
- ultrasonic mechanical vibrations can cut and coagulate tissue at the same time using relatively lower temperatures than conventional cutting and cauterizing surgical instruments.
- the nature of ultrasonic instruments lend themselves to multiple applications and a variety of end-effectors may be designed to perform numerous functions.
- Ultrasonic instruments may be classified into single-element end-effector devices and multiple-element end-effector devices.
- Single-element end-effector devices include instruments such as blades, scalpels, hooks, and/or ball coagulators.
- these types of end- effectors are formed of solid materials suitable for propagating ultrasonic waves, there also exist end-effectors with a hollow core to deliver a fluid stream or provide a suction channel.
- the generator supplies increasing amounts of power to the end-effector to continue transecting tissue until the power delivered by the generator exceeds a predetermined threshold at which time the generator shuts down or goes into "lockout.”
- Lockout is a condition where the impedance of the end-effector is so high that the generator is unable to provide meaningful amounts of power to the tissue.
- Generator lockout is an undesirable result that occurs when the generator is unable to supply adequate power to the end-effector to complete a transection under the increased interface impedance condition. The completion of a transection is indicated to the user by the visual separation of the tissue from the device end-effector.
- the generator goes into lockout, the surgical procedure is interrupted. Therefore, generator lockout results in increased cutting and transection times, or worse, down time during the surgical procedure.
- an end-effector with a suitable coating or suitable combination of a coating and a surface treatment to protect the end-effector from harsh surgical environments.
- the suitable coating or suitable combination of a coating and a surface treatment prevents or minimizes buildup of surgical matter on the outer surface of the end-effector, minimizes generator lockout, minimizes power draw, improves pad wear in clamping type end- effectors, and improves the thermal characteristics of the end-effector.
- the various embodiments are directed to an ultrasonic surgical blade.
- the ultrasonic surgical blade comprises a body having a proximal end, a distal end, and an outer surface.
- the distal end is movable relative to a longitudinal axis in accordance with ultrasonic vibrations applied to the proximal end.
- At least a portion of the outer surface of the body comprises a lubricious coating adhered thereto.
- the lubricious coating has a coefficient of friction that is less than the coefficient of friction of the outer surface of the body
- FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-element end-effector.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic blade portion of the multi-element end-effector shown in FIG. 3 taken along line 4-
- FIG. 4 A is an enlarged view of a portion of the cross-sectional portion of one embodiment of the ultrasonic blade portion of the multi-element end-effector shown in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of a portion of the cross-sectional portion of one embodiment of the ultrasonic blade portion of the multi-element end-effector shown in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 4C is an enlarged view of a portion of the cross-sectional portion of one embodiment of the ultrasonic blade portion of the multi-element end-effector shown in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic blade portion of the multi-element end-effector shown in FIG. 7 taken along line 8 — 8.
- FIG. 9 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-element end-effector.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic blade portion of the multi- element end-effector shown in FIG. 9 taken along line 10 — 10.
- FIG. 11 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-element end-effector.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic blade portion of the multielement end-effector shown in FIG. 11 taken along line 12 — 12.
- FIG. 13 illustrates one embodiment of a single element end-effector.
- FIG. 14 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an ultrasonic blade portion of the single element end-effector shown in FIG. 13 taken along line 14 — 14.
- FIG. 15 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-element end-effector.
- FIG. 16 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an ultrasonic blade portion of the multi-element end-effector shown in FIG. 15 taken along line 16 — 16.
- FIG. 17 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-element end-effector.
- FIG. 18 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an ultrasonic blade portion of the multi-element end-effector shown in FIG. 17 taken along line 18 — 18.
- An ultrasonic surgical instrument generally comprises an ultrasonic transducer, an ultrasonically activated end-effector, and a substantially solid, or hollow, ultrasonic waveguide that connects the ultrasonic transducer to the end-effector.
- the ultrasonic transducer is contained in a transducing handpiece.
- the end-effector may be formed of a base material (e.g., body) that is suitable for efficiently transmitting or propagating acoustic waves at ultrasonic frequencies.
- the end-effector is an ultrasound-propagating element, which may be coupled to the ultrasonic transducer either directly or by way of the ultrasonic transmission waveguide.
- ultrasonic surgical instruments are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,322,055 and 5,954,736 and combinations of ultrasonic end-effectors (e.g., blades) and surgical instruments are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,309,400 B2, 6,278,218 Bl, 6,283,981 Bl, and 6,325,811 Bl, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. These references provide a suitable general description of ultrasonic instruments and end-effectors. Accordingly, the particular operation of such ultrasonic instruments and end-effectors will not be discussed in detail herein.
- the embodiments are directed to ultrasonic end-effectors comprising one or more coatings formed as layers of materials, surface treatments, and/or any combination thereof.
- a suitable coating formed on an outer surface of an ultrasonic end-effector provides a lubricating effect and, therefore, is useful in minimizing adhesion of surgical matter to the outer surface of the end-effector.
- the lubricating coating also reduces friction between the end-effector and the tissue and thus minimizes the interface impedance between the end-effector and the tissue and reduced the heat buildup in the end-effector. This results in less power being drawn from the ultrasonic generator and an end-effector with a cooler thermal profile that minimizes generator lockout and improves the overall operational stability of the surgical instrument.
- the lower coefficient of friction coatings (most coatings presented herein have low friction constituents such as polytetrafluoroethylene generally known as TEFLON® and referred to hereinbelow as PTFE) do not adhere to tissue and thus the tissue releases from the blade (the indication of a completed transection) more uniformly and more quickly than a comparable uncoated blade and (2) the lower coefficient of friction and, therefore, interface impedance, results in a lower average power draw and therefore far fewer incidents of generator lockout.
- the transection time has been reduced by about 34% by virtue of the first listed cause.
- lengths of thick, tough tissue have been transected in successive applications with a coated end-effector blade while a comparable uncoated instrument was unable (in any reasonable length of time) to accomplish the same task; this due to the second listed cause.
- various embodiments of the end-effector blades comprising one or more coatings as described herein may improve tissue effects such as hemostasis by providing more uniform transection and/or coagulation of tissue.
- a coating may comprise one or more layers of materials formed on an outer surface of a body portion of an ultrasonic end-effector.
- the outer surface of the end-effector may be partially or completely coated with one or more than one layer of material.
- Each layer may comprise one or more materials.
- one or more surface treatments may be applied either to the entire end-effector body or to a portion thereof.
- the end-effector body may comprise a combination of coatings and applications of surface treatments. This combination may be applied to the entire end-effector or to a portion thereof.
- materials, surface treatments, and/or combinations thereof may be suitably applied to an outer surface of the end-effector, or portion thereof, to produce an end- effector having a coefficient of friction that is lower than that of the end-effector base material alone. End-effectors with a lower coefficient of friction operate at lower temperatures and minimize generator lockout promoting faster cutting of tissue.
- surface treatments may be suitably applied to an outer surface of the end-effector, or portion thereof, to produce an end-effector having a coefficient of friction that is greater than that of the end-effector base material alone. End effectors with a higher coefficient of friction improve the tissue sealing effects of the end-effector. Therefore, in some embodiments, it may be desirable to provide an end- effector with a lower coefficient of friction in the cutting region and a higher coefficient of friction in the tissue sealing region by applying various combinations of coatings and surface treatments to different portions of the end-effector.
- the end- effector is distal with respect to the more proximal hand piece assembly.
- spatial terms such as “top” and “bottom” also are used herein with respect to the clinician gripping the hand piece assembly.
- surgical instruments are used in many orientations and positions, and these terms are not intended to be limiting and absolute.
- FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-element end-effector 100.
- the multi-element end-effector 100 comprises a clamp arm assembly 102, shown in an open position, operatively coupled to an ultrasonic surgical blade 112 (blade).
- the multiple- element end-effector 100 may be employed in a conventional clamping coagulating type ultrasonic instrument, for example.
- the clamp arm assembly 102 comprises a clamp arm 104 and a tissue pad
- the blade 112 is an ultrasound-propagating element suitable for coupling to conventional ultrasonic surgical instruments.
- the blade 112 comprises a body 108 having a proximal end and a distal end and defining an elongated treatment region therebetween.
- the body 108 defines a longitudinal axis A extending between the proximal end and the distal end.
- the proximal end is adapted and configured to couple to an ultrasonic transducer either directly or through an ultrasonic transmission waveguide in a known manner. Mechanical vibrations produced by the ultrasonic transducer propagate along the transmission waveguide and are coupled to the proximal end of the body 108.
- the distal end of the body 108 is selected such that it is movable relative to the longitudinal axis A by the mechanical vibrations produced by the ultrasonic transducer.
- the distal end and the elongated treatment region is used to effect tissue (e.g., dissect, transect, cut, coagulate). These tissue effects may be enhanced by clamping the tissue between the camp arm 104 and the blade 112.
- a coating 116 may be formed or applied on at least a portion of an outer (e.g., external) surface of the body 108 that at least corresponds with the elongated treatment region.
- the coating 116 may comprise one or more than one layer 110 formed on the outer surface of the body 108.
- Each of the one or more than one layer 110 may consist of one or more than one material. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the layer 110 may in effect comprise several sub-layers.
- the coating 116 may consist of a base layer (e.g., primer layer, first layer) as well as an overcoat layer (e.g., top layer, second layer) and one or more than one layer 110 therebetween.
- the surface area of the body 108 may include a surface treatment applied thereto to enhance the adhesion of the layer 110 of material to the body 108.
- the coated blade 112 enhances tissue effects during dissecting, transecting, cutting, and coagulating and improves the operational stability of the ultrasonic surgical instrument by minimizing or eliminating generator lockout.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic surgical blade 112 portion of the multi-element end-effector 100 taken along line 2 — 2 in FIG. 1.
- the body 108 has a substantially circular cross sectional shape.
- the body 108 may have any suitable cross sectional shape and may be symmetric or asymmetric in nature.
- the body 108 may have a cross- sectional shape that defines a triangle, square, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon, any suitable polygon, or irregular shape, whether symmetric or asymmetric.
- the body 108 may be fabricated from a base material suitable for transmission of ultrasonic energy in the form of acoustic waves.
- the base material of the body 108 may comprise titanium (e.g., Ti6Al-4V ELI), aluminum, stainless steel, or any material or composition that is suitable for propagating acoustic waves efficiently, for example.
- the coating 116 may be formed as one layer 110 over at least a portion of the outer surface of the blade body 108.
- the layer 110 may consist of at least one material and in other embodiments may include multiple layers consisting of a base material (e.g., primer layer, first layer) and an overcoat material (e.g., top layer, second layer) as described in more detail herein with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.
- the thickness of the layer 110 may be anywhere from about 0.0001 to about 0.010 inches (0.1 mils to 10 mils).
- the coating 116 may partially or completely cover the outer surface of the body 108.
- the layer 110 may be formed over the entire body 108 or may be formed over portions of the body 108.
- the coating 116 material may be selected to have a lower coefficient of friction than the body 108 material.
- the layer 110 may comprise a variety of materials including polymeric and polymer containing materials.
- polymeric materials and the word polymer, as used herein, include, but are not limited to, homopolymers, copolymers, terpolymers, and the like.
- Non-limiting examples of polymeric and polymer-containing materials include tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) copolymers (FEP), liquid FEP, FEP/ceramic composites, liquid FEP ceramic epoxy composites, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or TEFLON®), and PTFE/ceramic composites.
- the layer 110 may comprise a dry film lubricant, such as, but not limited to, tungsten disulfide, molybdenum disulfide, graphite, and fluorinated polymers. Still in other non-limiting embodiments, the layer 110 may comprise ceramics, such as, but not limited to, metal oxydes, metal nitrides, and metal carbides. Examples of ceramics, include, but are not limited to, chromium carbide, tungsten carbide, titanium nitride, alumina, and chromium nitride. Yet in other non-limiting embodiments, the layer 110 may comprise metals. Metals include, but are not limited to, aluminum, stainless steel, and molybdenum. In other non-limiting embodiments, the layer 110 may comprise a metallized ceramic, such as, but not limited to, stainless steel embedded in ceramic.
- the coating 116 may be formed in multiple layers including any of the materials previously discussed with respect to the layer 110.
- multi-layer coatings or composites include, but are not limited to, molybdenum/alumina/tungsten carbide, aluminum oxide/stainless steel, aluminum oxide/stainless steel 15/15%, chromium carbide/tungsten oxide, molybdenum/aluminum oxide/tungsten carbide, cobalt/molybdenum, graphite/tungsten oxide, aluminum oxide/stainless steel 25/30%, molybdenum/aluminum oxide/tungsten carbide/stainless steel, or chromium carbide/tungsten oxide, among other suitable materials.
- the blade 112 may be exposed to particularly harsh environments including ultrasonic vibrations, heat, and caustic solutions of blood and proteins referenced to herein as surgical matter. Consequently, the harsh operating environment tends to delaminate, erode, or wear the coating 116. Accordingly, the layer 110 should be applied to the body 108 using any suitable application technique that promotes good adhesion between the base material of the body 108 and the layer 110 to prevent or minimize delamination, erosion, or wear of the layer 110 from the body 108.
- the layer 110 may be applied to the body using suitable material application techniques: coating, dipping, spraying, brushing, drying, melting, laser curing, anodizing, electroplating, electroless chemical deposition, sintering, fused curing, physical vapor deposition (PVC), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), thermal spray, thick film high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) plasma, and any other suitable material application techniques.
- suitable material application techniques are described in U.S. Patent No. 7,041,088 and U.S. Patent No. 6,663,941, which are incorporated herein by reference.
- One suitable material application technique is a process developed by Integrated Surgical Sciences, Corp. (ISSC) of Sedalia, Colorado, USA.
- the materials for forming the coating 116, or any constituent material forming the various layers thereof may be purchased from ISSC and applied in accordance with any suitable material application techniques.
- a surface treatment or a plurality of surface treatments may be applied to the body 108 using a variety of techniques: peening, sand blasting, micro blasting, bead blasting, knurling, engraving, chemical treatment such as acid or base etching, laser etching, plasma etching, corona discharge etching, heat etching, carving, scoring, vibratory deburring, abrasive flow machining, and other techniques.
- the surface treatment can advantageously improve the adhesion of the layer 110 to the surface of the body 108. However, care should be taken when applying surface treatments to prevent damage to the body 108 during application, which later may lead to failure of the blade 112 during use.
- FIG. 4A illustrates one example of a surface treatment 108A that may be applied to the surface of the body 108 to enhance the adhesion of the layer 110 to the surface of the body 108.
- the blade 112 comprising the coating 116 formed over the body 108 provides several advantages such as improved cutting and coagulating functions over an uncoated blade.
- the coating 116 has a coefficient of friction that is lower than the coefficient of friction of the surface of the base material of the body 108 alone.
- the coating 116 forms a lubricious layer over at least a portion of the body 108.
- the blade 112 comprising the lubricious coating 116 provides several benefits and/or advantages over conventional uncoated bare end-effector blades.
- the coated blade 112 provides improved tissue cutting (e.g., transecting) along the longitudinal length of the blade 112 resulting in more uniform transection of tissue, improved vessel sealing and homogeneity of the tissue layer, and improved thermal and structural properties of the blade 112, which facilitates more uniform transection of the tissue.
- the coated blade 112 may further facilitate uniform serosa-to-serosa adhesion along the cut length of the tissue, thus minimizing or eliminating discontinuities of adhesion along the tissue cut length, which commonly occur with conventional uncoated blades.
- the lubricious property of the coating 116 also minimizes the adhesion of surgical matter to the surface of the blade 112 during surgical procedures.
- surgical matter includes coagulants, proteins, blood, tissue, and/or other constituent fluids, which may be present during a surgical procedure and tend to desiccate and adhere to the surface of uncoated blades raising the interface impedance of the blade.
- the ultrasonic generator supplies increasing amounts of power to the blade to continue transecting tissue until the power delivered by the generator exceeds a predetermined threshold at which time the generator shuts down or goes into "lockout.”
- lockout is a condition where the impedance of the end-effector is so high that the generator is unable to provide meaningful amounts of the power to the tissue. Therefore, by minimizing the deposition, buildup, or adhesion of surgical matter, the coated blade 112 reduces the electrical power required to operate the blade 112 when transecting tissue. As a result, the coated blade 112 minimizes the power supplied by the generator and minimizes or prevents lockouts of the generator.
- ultrasonic end-effector blades are relatively efficient and that the electrical power required for driving the end-effector blade correlates well with the power delivered to tissue loads.
- the lubricious coating 116 reduces the friction between the blade 112 and the tissue, thus reducing the thermal profile of the blade 112. Because the tissue does not adhere to the coating 116, it releases from the blade 112 more easily and uniformly than an uncoated blade requiring less average power draw (less total energy applied) and less time (even less total energy applied) than an uncoated blade giving a truly unexpected and synergistic effect. In certain instances, the time required to transect tissue, for example, may be reduced by as much as 34%.
- the coated blade 112 reduces or minimizes the number of generator lockouts that may occur over a surgical procedure, the coated blade 112 even more substantially reduces the overall time required to complete the surgical procedure. It is generally well known that tissue pads tend to degrade and wear over time due to factional engagement with a blade when no tissue is present therebetween. The lubricious coating 116, however, also lowers the coefficient of friction between the coated blade 112 and the tissue pad 106 and as a result can extend the life of the tissue pad 106. Accordingly, the coated blade 112 can reduce or minimize the degradation and deterioration of the tissue pad 106 caused by abrasion and frictional engagement with the blade 112.
- FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-element end-effector 200.
- the multi-element end-effector 200 comprises a clamp arm assembly 202, shown in an open position, operatively coupled to an ultrasonic surgical blade 212 (blade).
- the multiple- element end-effector 200 may be employed in clamping coagulating type ultrasonic instruments, for example.
- the clamp arm assembly 202 comprises a clamp arm 104 and a tissue pad 106 attached thereto.
- the blade 212 is an ultrasound-propagating element suitable for use in ultrasonic surgical instruments.
- the body 108 previously discussed with reference to FIGS.
- the body 108 comprises a proximal end and a distal end and defines an elongated treatment region therebetween.
- the proximal end is adapted and configured to couple to an ultrasonic transducer either directly or through an ultrasonic transmission waveguide.
- the distal end and the treatment region is used to effect tissue (e.g., dissect, transect, cut, coagulate).
- a coating 216 is formed on at least a portion of the outer surface of the body 108 that at least corresponds with the elongated treatment region.
- the coating 216 may comprise at least two layers 210, 214 of materials.
- a primer layer 214 (e.g., base layer, first layer) may be formed on the outer surface of the body 108.
- An overcoat layer 210 (e.g., top layer, second layer) may be formed over the primer layer 214.
- the overcoat layer 210 may be formed over a portion of the primer layer 214.
- the primer layer 214 forms a suitable adhesive bond with the outer surface of the body 108 and is formulated to enhance the adhesion of the overcoat layer 210 to the body 108.
- the primer layer 214 and/or the overcoat layer 210 each may comprise multiple layers of materials.
- the layers 210, 214 may be formed on the body 108 using any suitable material application technique including techniques discussed herein with respect to FIGS.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic surgical blade 212 portion of the multi-element end-effector 200 taken along line 4 — 4 in FIG. 3.
- the coating 216 comprises multiple layers 214, 210 of materials.
- the primer layer 214 is the first layer applied to the body 108.
- the primer layer 214 may comprise a polymer or polymeric materials and/or ceramic.
- the primer layer 214 may comprise FEP or liquid FEP.
- the primer layer 214 may comprise aluminum oxide or any suitable material composition containing aluminum oxide.
- the primer layer 214 may comprise titanium nitride or any suitable material composition containing titanium nitride.
- the overcoat layer 210 is then applied over the primer layer 214 material to form the top layer of the coating 216, which has lubricious properties similar to the coating 116 previously discussed with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the overcoat layer 210 may be applied to a portion of the primer layer 214 or may be applied over the entire primer layer 214.
- the overcoat layer 210 may comprise a variety of materials including polymeric and polymer containing materials. As previously discussed, the term "polymeric materials" and the word polymer, as used herein, include, but are not limited to, homopolymers, copolymers, terpolymers, and the like.
- non-limiting examples of polymeric and polymer-containing materials include FEP, liquid FEP, FEP/ceramic composites, liquid FEP ceramic epoxy composites, PTFE, and PTFE/ceramic composites.
- the overcoat layer 210 may comprise a dry film lubricant, such as, but not limited to, tungsten disulfide, molybdenum disulfide, graphite, and fluorinated polymers.
- the overcoat layer 210 may comprise ceramics, such as, but not limited to, metal oxydes, metal nitrides, and metal carbides.
- the overcoat layer 210 may comprise metals.
- Metals include, but are not limited to, aluminum, stainless steel, and molybdenum.
- the overcoat layer 210 may comprise a metallized ceramic, such as, but not limited to, stainless steel embedded in ceramic.
- the overcoat layer 210 may be applied using conventional powder coating techniques.
- FIG. 4 A is an enlarged view of the cross-sectional portion of one embodiment of the blade 216 shown in FIG. 4.
- the surface of the body 108 may be prepared with a suitable surface treatment 108 A prior to the application of the primer layer 214 to further enhance or promote the adhesion of the primer layer 214 material to the outer surface of the body 108.
- a surface treatment may be applied to the surface of the primer layer 214 prior to the application of the overcoat layer 210 to enhance the adhesion of the overcoat layer 210 to the primer layer 214.
- the surface treatment 108A may be applied the surface of the body 108 using any of the techniques previously described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2
- a surface treatment may be applied to an outer surface of the body 108 to produce a predetermined surface roughness R A of about 16 ⁇ in to about 63 ⁇ in, for example.
- the preferred surface roughness R A range of the finished product is about 16 ⁇ in to about 32 ⁇ in.
- FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of the cross-sectional portion of one embodiment of the blade 216 shown in FIG. 4.
- a primer layer 218 may be formed directly on the outer surface of the body 108.
- the primer layer 218 has a surface 220 having a predetermined surface roughness that enhances or promotes adhesion of the topcoat layer 210 to the primer layer 218.
- the surface 220 may be achieved using a rough titanium nitride coating as the primer layer 218.
- the rough surface 220 of the primer layer 218 provides a good bonding surface for a topcoat layer 210 having a low coefficient of friction.
- the primer layer 218 comprising titanium nitride provides a good bond to the outer surface of the body 108 without the need for a surface treatment.
- the surface 220 may be achieved using a rough aluminum oxide coating as the primer layer 218 to provide a good bonding surface for a topcoat layer 210 having a low coefficient of friction.
- the aluminum oxide coating also may provide a good bond to the outer surface of the body 108 without the need for a surface treatment.
- FIG. 4C is an enlarged view of the cross-sectional portion of one embodiment of the blade 216 shown in FIG. 4.
- a primer layer 222 may be formed directly on the outer surface of the body 108.
- the primer layer 222 has a surface that enhances or promotes adhesion of the topcoat layer 210 to the primer layer 222.
- any of the primer layers 214, 218, 222 may comprise aluminum oxide, titanium nitride, FEP, or liquid FEP, which passivates the surface of the body 108 for better adhesion of the overcoat layer 210.
- any of the primer layers 214, 218, 222 may consist essentially of aluminum oxide, titanium nitride, FEP or liquid FEP. In other embodiments, any of the primer layers 214, 218, 222 may comprise any of the base materials previously discussed with reference to FIGS. 2-4.
- FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-element end-effector 300.
- the multi-element end-effector 300 comprises a clamp arm assembly 302, shown in an open position, operatively coupled to an ultrasonic surgical blade 312 (blade).
- the multiple- element end-effector 300 may be employed in clamping coagulating type ultrasonic instruments, for example.
- the clamp arm assembly 302 comprises a clamp arm 104 and a tissue pad 106 attached thereto.
- the blade 312 is an ultrasound-propagating element suitable for use in ultrasonic surgical instruments.
- the body 108 previously discussed with reference to FIGS. 1-4, forms a portion of the blade 312.
- the body 108 comprises a proximal end and a distal end and defines an elongated treatment region therebetween.
- the proximal end is adapted and configured to couple to an ultrasonic transducer either directly or through an ultrasonic transmission waveguide.
- the distal end and the elongated treatment region is used to effect tissue (e.g., dissect, transect, cut, coagulate).
- a surface treatment 310 may be applied to an outer surface of the body 108 that at least corresponds with the elongated treatment region.
- the surface treatment 310 having a particular surface roughness R A may be produced using the well known techniques previously described with reference to FIG. 2, for example, provided that the underlying structure of the body 108 is not compromised.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic blade 312 portion of the multielement end-effector 300 taken along line 6 — 6 in FIG. 5.
- the surface treatment 310 e.g., roughness
- a suitable surface treatment 310 has a coefficient of friction that is greater than the coefficient of friction of the untreated outer surface area of the body 108.
- a rough "frictional" surface treatment 310 has a predetermined surface roughness R A of about 16 ⁇ in to about 256 ⁇ in.
- the rough "frictional" surface treatment 310 has a predetermined surface roughness R A of about 32 ⁇ in.
- the surface treatment 310 may be formed on the outer surface of the body 108 to assist the blade 312 to frictionally engage (grip) and stabilize the walls of blood vessels and as a result provide improved and more reliable vessel sealing. Because of the rougher surface treatment 310, the blade 312 remains engaged with the tissue long enough to prevent the vessel walls from pulling away from the seal line. Consequently, this promotes the communication of tissue collagen from one side of the seal line to the other to create a very reliable seal, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
- FIG. 7 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-element end-effector 400.
- the multi-element end-effector 400 comprises a clamp arm assembly 402, shown in an open position, operatively coupled to an ultrasonic surgical blade 412 (blade).
- the multiple- element end-effector 400 may be employed in a clamping coagulating ultrasonic instrument, for example.
- the clamp arm assembly 402 comprises a clamp arm 104 and a tissue pad 106 attached thereto.
- the blade 412 is an ultrasound-propagating element suitable for use in ultrasonic surgical instruments.
- the body 108 forms a portion of the blade 412.
- the body 108 comprises a proximal end and a distal end and defines an elongated treatment region therebetween.
- the proximal end is adapted and configured to couple to an ultrasonic transducer either directly or through an ultrasonic transmission waveguide.
- the distal end and the treatment region are used to effect tissue (e.g., dissect, transect, cut, coagulate).
- a coating 416 comprising a first layer 410 of material may be formed on an outer surface of the body 108 using any of the material application techniques previously described (e.g., the coating application process developed by ISSC).
- the first layer 410 may comprise any of the polymeric materials, dry film lubricants, ceramics, metals, and metallized ceramics previously described with reference to FIG. 2.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic blade 412 portion of the multielement end-effector 400 taken along line 8 — 8 in FIG. 7.
- a surface treatment 414 having a predetermined roughness R A of about 16 ⁇ in to about 256 ⁇ in may be produced over the layer 410 using any of the techniques previously discussed with reference to FIG. 2.
- the body 108 defines a longitudinal axis A extending between the proximal end and the distal end. The distal end of the body 108 is movable relative to the longitudinal axis A by the vibrations produced by the transducer propagating along the longitudinal axis A.
- the surface treatment 414 having a predetermined surface roughness R A of about 16 ⁇ in to about 256 ⁇ in may be formed over the first layer 410, or portions thereof.
- a surface treatment of a predetermined surface roughness R A having a coefficient of friction that is greater than the coefficient of friction of the first layer 410 may be produced over the first layer 410 to assist the blade 412 in gripping and stabilizing the walls of blood vessels and producing better, more reliable, vessel seals.
- the surface treatment 414 having a coefficient of friction slightly greater than the first layer 410, enables the blade 412 to remain engaged with the tissue long enough to prevent the joined vessels walls from pulling away or shrinking away from the seal line prior to completing the sealing operation. It will be appreciated, that the surface treatment 414 may be formed over a portion of the body 108 in order to take advantage of the lubricious properties of the coating 410 for cutting operations while also taking advantage of the rougher surface treatment 414 portion for sealing operations.
- FIG. 9 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-element end-effector 500.
- the multi-element end-effector 500 comprises a clamp arm assembly 502, shown in an open position, operatively coupled to an ultrasonic surgical blade 512 (blade).
- the multiple- element end-effector 500 may be employed in clamping coagulating type ultrasonic instruments, for example.
- the clamp arm assembly 502 comprises a clamp arm 104 and a tissue pad 106 attached thereto.
- the blade 512 is an ultrasound-propagating element suitable for use in ultrasonic surgical instruments.
- the body 108 as previously discussed with reference to FIGS. 1-8 forms a portion of the blade 512.
- the body 108 comprises a proximal end and a distal end and defines an elongated treatment region therebetween.
- the proximal end is adapted and configured to couple to an ultrasonic transducer either directly or through an ultrasonic transmission waveguide.
- the distal end and the treatment region are used to effect tissue (e.g., dissect, transect, cut, coagulate).
- FIG. 10 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic blade 512 portion of the multi- element end-effector 500 taken along line 10 — 10 in FIG. 9.
- a coating 516 comprising a layer 510 of material may be formed on at least a portion of an outer surface of the blade body 108.
- One or more than one layer 510 of material may be formed on the body 108 using any suitable application technique discussed herein (e.g., the coating application process developed by ISSC).
- the one or more than one layer 510 of material may be formed on the blade 512 non-uniformly such that the layer 510 has variable thickness about the outer surface of the body 108.
- the layer 510 is formed thicker to assist thermal bonding.
- a thinner layer 510a may be formed on a top surface portion of the body 108 where the blade 516 comes in contact with the tissue pad 106 and thicker layers 510b of the material may be formed on lateral surface portions of the body 108.
- a layer 510c of any suitable thickness may be formed on the bottom surface portion of the body 108 opposite of the top surface portion.
- the layer 510c on the bottom surface portion of the body 108 is formed with the same thickness as the thinner layer 510a.
- the layer 510c at the bottom surface portion of the body 108 may be formed with the same thickness as the thicker layers 510b, thicker than the layers 510b, or other suitable thicknesses.
- multiple layers may be formed of varying thicknesses on the lateral portions of the body 108 to prevent excessive thermal damage to these areas of the seal.
- the one or more than one layer 510 of material may comprise any of the polymeric materials, dry film lubricants, ceramics, metals, and metallized ceramics previously discussed with reference to FIG. 2.
- a primer layer and/or a surface treatment may be applied to the outer surface of the body 108 prior to the application of the one or more than one layer 510 of material.
- the primer layer may comprise any of the base materials previously discussed with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4.
- the surface treatment may be applied in accordance with the techniques previously discussed with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4A.
- FIG. 11 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-element end-effector 700.
- the multi-element end-effector 700 comprises a clamp arm assembly 702, shown in an open position, operatively coupled to an ultrasonic surgical blade 712 (blade).
- the multiple- element end-effector 700 may be employed in clamping coagulating type ultrasonic instruments, for example.
- the clamp arm assembly 702 comprises a clamp arm 104 and a tissue pad 106 attached thereto.
- the blade 712 is an ultrasound-propagating element suitable for use in ultrasonic surgical instruments.
- the body 108 forms a portion of the blade 712.
- the body 108 comprises a proximal end and a distal end defining an elongated treatment region.
- the proximal end is adapted and configured to couple to an ultrasonic transducer either directly or through an ultrasonic transmission waveguide.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic blade 712 portion of the multielement end-effector 700 taken along line 12 — 12 in FIG. 11.
- a coating 716 may be formed on the outer surface of the blade body 108.
- the coating 716 may comprise one or more layers of materials, surface treatments, and/or combinations thereof.
- a first layer 710 and a second layer 714 are formed on the outer surface of the body
- the second layer 714 may be formed over a portion of the first layer 710.
- the one or more material layers 710, 714 may be formed on the body 108 using any suitable material application technique including techniques discussed herein (e.g., the coating application process developed by ISSC).
- the blade 712 may comprise multiple layers of materials, each of varying thicknesses.
- the first layer 710 may be formed thicker on the lateral surface portions of the body 108 and may be formed thinner on the top surface portions of the body 108, for example, where the blade 712 contacts the tissue pad 106.
- a second layer 714 may be formed on the first layer 710.
- the second layer 714 may be formed thicker on the top surface portion of the body 108 where the blade 712 contacts the tissue pad 106 is relatively thinner on the lateral surface portions of the body 108.
- the first layer 710 is applied to the body 108 and the second layer 714 is subsequently applied over on the first layer 710 or, as shown in FIG. 12, over portions of the first layer 710.
- the first and second layers 710, 714 may comprise any of the polymeric materials, dry film lubricants, ceramics, metals, and metallized ceramics previously discussed with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4.
- a primer layer and/or a surface treatment may be applied to the outer surface of the body 108 prior to the application of the first and second layers 710, 714.
- the primer layer may comprise any of the base materials discussed with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4.
- the surface treatment may be applied in accordance with the techniques previously discussed with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4 A.
- FIG. 13 illustrates one embodiment of a single element end-effector 800.
- the single element end-effector 800 comprises the ultrasonic surgical blade 112 (blade), shown and described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the single-element end-effector 800 may be a scalpel, hook, or ball coagulator, for example.
- the coating 116 may be formed on at least a portion of an outer surface of the body 108.
- the coating 116 also may comprise one or more layers 110 formed on the outer surface of the body 108.
- FIG. 14 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic blade 112 portion of the single element end-effector 800 taken along line 14 — 14 in FIG. 13. As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG.
- the blade 112 and the body 108 may have a substantially circular cross sectional shape.
- the shape of the blade 112 may be selected according to the type of end-effector used, such as any of the shapes described with reference to FIG. 2.
- FIG. 15 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-element end-effector 900.
- the multi-element end-effector 900 comprises a clamp arm assembly 902, shown in an open position, operatively coupled to an ultrasonic surgical blade 912 (blade).
- the multiple- element end-effector 900 may be employed in clamping coagulating type ultrasonic instruments, for example.
- the clamp arm assembly 902 comprises a clamp arm 104 and a tissue pad 106 attached thereto.
- the blade 912 is an ultrasound-propagating element suitable for use in ultrasonic surgical instruments.
- the body 108 forms a portion of the blade 912.
- the body 108 comprises a proximal end and a distal end defining an elongated treatment region.
- the proximal end is adapted and configured to couple to an ultrasonic transducer either directly or through an ultrasonic transmission waveguide.
- the distal end and the treatment region are used to effect tissue (e.g., dissect, transect, cut, coagulate).
- a coating 916 may be formed on at least a portion of an outer surface of the body 108.
- the coating 916 also may comprise one or more layers 910, 914 formed on the outer surface of the body 108.
- FIG. 16 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic blade 912 portion of the multielement end-effector 900 taken along line 16 — 16 in FIG. 15.
- the coating 916 may be formed on a portion of the outer surface of the blade body 108.
- the coating 916 may comprise a first layer 910 (e.g., primer layer, first layer) and a second layer 914 (e.g., topcoat layer, second layer).
- the second layer 914 may be formed over a portion of the first layer 910.
- the first and second layers 910, 914 may comprise any of the polymeric materials, dry film lubricants, ceramics, metals, and metallized ceramics previously discussed with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4.
- a surface treatment may be applied to the outer surface of the body 108 prior to the application of the first and second layers 910, 914.
- FIG. 17 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-element end-effector 1000.
- the multi-element end-effector 1000 comprises a clamp arm assembly 1002, shown in an open position, operatively coupled to an ultrasonic surgical blade 1012 (blade).
- the multiple- element end-effector 1000 may be employed in clamping coagulating type ultrasonic instruments, for example.
- the clamp arm assembly 1002 comprises a clamp arm 104 and a tissue pad 106 attached thereto.
- the blade 1012 is an ultrasound-propagating element suitable for use in ultrasonic surgical instruments.
- the body 108 forms a portion of the blade 1012.
- the body 108 comprises a proximal end and a distal end defining an elongated treatment region.
- the proximal end is adapted and configured to couple to an ultrasonic transducer either directly or through an ultrasonic transmission waveguide.
- the distal end and the treatment region are used to effect tissue (e.g., dissect, transect, cut, coagulate).
- a coating 1016 may be formed on at least a portion of an outer surface of the body 108.
- the coating 1016 also may comprise one or more layers 1010, 1014 formed on the outer surface of the body 108.
- a coating 1016 may be formed on a distal end of the outer surface of the blade body 108.
- the coating 1016 may comprise a first layer 1010 (e.g., a primer layer, first layer) and a second layer 1014 (e.g., a topcoat layer, second layer) of material, surface treatment, and/or combination thereof.
- the first and second layers 1010, 1014 may comprise any of the polymeric materials, dry film lubricants, ceramics, metals, and metallized ceramics previously discussed with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4.
- a surface treatment may be applied to the outer surface of the body 108 prior to the application of the first and second layers 1010, 1014.
- the surface treatment may be applied in accordance with the techniques previously discussed with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4A.
- the end-effector may include coatings formed of layers of material combined with other technologies such as augmentation via clips and other fasteners.
- the end-effector may include a lumen formed through the longitudinal axis A to facilitate suction and removal of expressed fluids from the sealing site to prevent excessive thermal damage to a non- value-added portion of the seal.
- the end-effector may include a coating formed of one or more layers of materials that are suitable for use on difficult/hard tissues such as cartilage and bone.
- the end-effector may include a surface treatment that has a roughness R A that is suitable for use on difficult/hard tissues such as cartilage and bone.
- any of the end-effectors described herein may be reconditioned for reuse after at least one use.
- reconditioning can include obtaining an ultrasonic surgical blade and applying at least one layer of a first material on at least a portion of the body 108 to form a lubricious coating on the outer surface of the body 108.
- the lubricious coating may be applied in accordance with any suitable material application techniques, including material application techniques described herein. Then, sterilizing the ultrasonic surgical blade and storing the ultrasonic surgical blade in a sterile container.
- reconditioning can include obtaining an ultrasonic surgical blade and forming at least one surface treatment on at least a portion of the body 108 to produce a frictional coating on the outer surface of the body 108.
- the surface treatment may be applied in accordance with any suitable surface treatment techniques, including the surface treatment techniques described herein. Then, sterilizing the ultrasonic surgical blade and storing the ultrasonic surgical blade in a sterile container.
- an ultrasonic surgical blade comprising a body having a proximal end, a distal end, and an outer surface, the distal end is movable relative to a longitudinal axis by ultrasonic vibrations applied to the proximal end and a predetermined surface treatment having a predetermined surface roughness being formed on at least a portion of the body, is obtained.
- the ultrasonic surgical blade is then sterilized and stored in a sterile container.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2008801184931A CN101883530B (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-21 | Ultrasonic surgical blades |
JP2010536076A JP5976274B2 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-21 | Ultrasonic surgical blade |
CA2707223A CA2707223C (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-21 | Ultrasonic surgical blades |
ES08857678.0T ES2596356T3 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-21 | Ultrasonic surgical blades |
AU2008331567A AU2008331567B2 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-21 | Ultrasonic surgical blades |
EP08857678.0A EP2227155B8 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-21 | Ultrasonic surgical blades |
DK08857678.0T DK2227155T3 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-21 | Ultrasonic SURGICAL BLADES |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US496107P | 2007-11-30 | 2007-11-30 | |
US61/004,961 | 2007-11-30 |
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WO2009073402A2 true WO2009073402A2 (en) | 2009-06-11 |
WO2009073402A3 WO2009073402A3 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
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PCT/US2008/084307 WO2009073402A2 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-21 | Ultrasonic surgical blades |
Country Status (9)
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US (12) | US10010339B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2227155B8 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5976274B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101883530B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2008331567B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2707223C (en) |
DK (1) | DK2227155T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2227155T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009073402A2 (en) |
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