SU850068A1 - Device for ultrasonic surgery - Google Patents

Device for ultrasonic surgery Download PDF

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SU850068A1
SU850068A1 SU792773899A SU2773899A SU850068A1 SU 850068 A1 SU850068 A1 SU 850068A1 SU 792773899 A SU792773899 A SU 792773899A SU 2773899 A SU2773899 A SU 2773899A SU 850068 A1 SU850068 A1 SU 850068A1
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voltage
tool
instrument
generator
amplitude
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SU792773899A
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Владимир Николаевич Андреев
Владимир Иванович Богданов
Моисей Давидович Гуревич
Владимир Львович Шейман
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Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательскийинститут Медицинского Приборостроения
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Description

(54) УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОЙ ХИРУРГИИ(54) DEVICE FOR ULTRASOUND SURGERY

1one

Изобретение относитс  к медицинской texraiке , а именно к ультразвуковым хирургическим устройствам.This invention relates to a medical texraic, in particular to ultrasonic surgical devices.

Известно устройство дл  ультразвуковой хирургии , содержащее последовательно соединенные генератор ультразвуковой частоты с преобразователем электрических колебаний в механические , рабочий инструмент с датчиком коле&иий инструмента, схему обратной св зи и схему стабилизации амплитуды инструмента {.A device for ultrasonic surgery is known, comprising a series-connected ultrasonic frequency generator with a transducer of electrical oscillations into mechanical ones, a working tool with a collar sensor & a tool, a feedback circuit, and an instrument amplitude stabilization circuit {.

Однако применение известного устройства из-за поперечных вибраций рабочего инструмента , возникаюишх из-за отсутстви  средств, обеспечивающих работу устройства только на рабочей частоте его, снижает надежность в процессе длительных операций.However, the application of the known device due to the transverse vibrations of the working tool, arising due to the lack of funds that ensure the operation of the device only at its operating frequency, reduces reliability during long operations.

Цель изобретени  - уменьшение травматичности .The purpose of the invention is to reduce the trauma.

Указанна  цель достигаетс  тем, что в устройстве дл  ультразвуковой хирургии, содержащем последовательно соединенные генератор ультразвуковой частоты с преобразователем электрических колебаний в механические, рабочий инструмент с датчиком колебаний инструмента , схему обратной св зи и схему стабилизации амплитуды инструмента, схема обратной св зи и схема стабилизавдш амплитуды инструмента выполнены в виде последовательно соединенных схем выделени  напр жени  обрапюй св зи трансформатора, фазовращател , полосового усилител , регулируемого ограничител  и усилител  напр жени , причем вход схемы выделени  напр жени  обратной св зи соединен с выходом датчика колебаний инструмента , а выход усилител  напр жени  соеданен со входом генератора ультразвуксжой частоты.This goal is achieved in that the device for ultrasonic surgery, containing a series-connected ultrasonic frequency generator with an electrical oscillation into mechanical transducer, a working instrument with an instrument oscillation sensor, a feedback circuit, and an instrument amplitude stabilization circuit, a feedback circuit, and a stabilization circuit of amplitude The tools are made in the form of series-connected voltage isolation circuits for the coupling of a transformer, a phase shifter, a bandpass amplifier, being adjusted limiter amplifier and voltage, the input isolation circuit voltage feedback sensor connected to the output of the instrument changes, and the output voltage of the amplifier to the input soedanen ultrazvukszhoy oscillator frequency.

При зтом преобразователь злект{жческ11х . колебаний в механические и датчик колебаний инструмента, выполнены в виде единого пьезопреобразовател .In addition, the converter is electr {zhesk11h. oscillations in the mechanical and sensor oscillations of the instrument, made in the form of a single piezo-converter.

При этом в него введен индикатор резонанса , вьшолиенный в виДе светодиода, соеданенного с датчиком колебаний инструмента.At the same time, a resonance indicator introduced into the LED of the LED connected to the instrument's oscillation sensor is inserted into it.

На фиг. 1 изображена структурна  схема устройства дл  ультразвуковой хирурпш; на фиг. 2 - электрическа  принципиальна  схема устройства дл  ультразвуковой хирургии.FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a device for an ultrasound surgeon; in fig. 2 is an electrical schematic diagram of a device for ultrasound surgery.

3838

Устройство содержит источник 1 питани , последовательно соединенные генератор 2 ультразвуковой частоты с преобразователем электрических колебаний в механические, рабочий инг струмент 3 с датчиком 4 колебаний инструмента , причем преобразователь электрических колебаний в механические и датчик 4 колебаний инструмента выполнены в виде единого пьезопреобразовател , схему обратной св зи и схему стабилизации амплитуды инструмента, выполненные в виде последовательно соединенных схем 5 вьщелени  напр жени  обратной св зи трансформатора 6, фазовращател  7, полосового усилител  8, регулируемого ограничител  9, усилител  10 напр жени  и индикатор И резонанса , выполненный в виде светодиода, соединенного с датчиком 4 колебаний инструмента. При этом вход схемы 5 выделени  напр жени  обратной св зи соединен с выходом датчика 4 колебаний инструмента, а выход усилител  10 напр жени  соединен со входом генератора 2 ультразвуковой частоты. При этом источник 1 питани  представл ет собой выпр митель со стабилизатором выпр мленного напр жени  и соединен с генератором 2, полосовым усилителем 8, ограничителем 9 и усилителем 10. Генератор 2 состоит из тран:истора ТТ и соединен через выходной согласующий трансформатор Тр-1 со схемой 5 выделени  напр жени  обратной св зи и датчиком 4 колебаний инструмента , выполненным в виде пьезопреобразовател . Рабочий инструмент 3 представл ет собой механический резонатор, выполненный в виде концентратора ультразвуковых колебаний с режущи устройством на его конце, причем концентратор жестко соединен с датшком 4 колебаний, который в то же врем   вл етс  возбудителем механических колебаний. Схема 5 выделени  напр жени  обратной св зи содержит KOimeHсатор и два переменных резистора R и R которые вместе со статической емкостью CjThe device contains a power source 1, an ultrasonic frequency generator 2 connected in series with an electrical oscillation to mechanical transducer, a working tool 3 with an instrument 4 oscillation sensor, the electrical oscillation into mechanical transducer 4 and the instrument oscillation 4 being a single piezoelectric transducer, feedback circuit and a circuit for stabilizing the amplitude of the instrument, made in the form of series-connected circuits 5 for extracting the feedback voltage of the transformer 6, a phase shifter 7, a bandpass amplifier 8, an adjustable limiter 9, a voltage amplifier 10 and an AND resonance indicator, made in the form of an LED connected to the sensor 4 of the tool oscillations. In this case, the input of the feedback voltage isolation circuit 5 is connected to the output of the tool 4 oscillation sensor, and the output of the voltage amplifier 10 is connected to the input of the ultrasonic frequency generator 2. The power source 1 is a rectifier with a stabilizer of rectified voltage and is connected to a generator 2, a bandpass amplifier 8, a limiter 9 and an amplifier 10. The generator 2 consists of a transistor TT and connected through an output matching transformer Tr-1 with a feedback voltage isolation circuit 5 and a tool 4 oscillation sensor made in the form of a piezo transducer. The work tool 3 is a mechanical resonator made in the form of a ultrasonic oscillation concentrator with a cutting device at its end, the concentrator being rigidly connected to the oscillation sensor 4, which at the same time is the exciter of mechanical oscillations. The feedback voltage isolation circuit 5 comprises a KOimeHmator and two variable resistors R and R which, together with the static capacitance Cj

пьезопреобразовател  образуют мост. Если выpf ... Ягpiezo transducer form a bridge. If youpf ... Yag

полнено условие .- -, то напр жение обратной св зи, возникающее между концами резисторов и R, зависит только от динамического сопротивлени  пьезопреобразовател .the condition is fulfilled. - -, then the feedback voltage that occurs between the ends of the resistors and R depends only on the dynamic resistance of the piezotransducer.

Усилитель 10, включенный в цепь обратной св зи, обеспечивает режим самовозбуждени  генератора 2. The amplifier 10 included in the feedback circuit provides self-excitation of the generator 2.

Трансформатора 6, первична  обмотка которого соединена с выходом схемы 5 выделени  напр жени  обратной св зи, выполн ет функции согласовани , вторична  обмотка его соединена со входом фазовращател  7, который состоит из двух конденсаторов, двух резисторо -и потенциометра. Подбором значений емкостей конденсаторов и сопротивлений резисторов i обеспечивают в узком диапазоне рабочих частот на выходе фазовращател  сдвиг фаз околоTransformer 6, the primary winding of which is connected to the output of the feedback voltage isolation circuit 5, performs matching functions, its secondary winding is connected to the input of the phase shifter 7, which consists of two capacitors, two resistors and a potentiometer. Selection of capacitance capacitance values and resistances of resistors i provide, in a narrow range of operating frequencies at the output of the phase shifter, a phase shift of about

{± ) С помощью потетдаометра осуществл етс  плавна  регулировка фазы от ( ) до(±) With the help of a pot meter, the phase is continuously adjusted from () to

/ TS/ TS

. Регулировка фазы позвол ет обеспечить работу инструмента 3 с пьезопреобразователем точно на его резонансной частоте. . Phase adjustment allows the tool 3 to operate with a piezo transducer at exactly its resonant frequency.

Полосовой усилитель 8 состоит из транзистора , работающего в режиме усилени  с одним или несколькими настроенными контурами в выходной цепи. Контура настроены со сдвигом по резонансной частоте таким образом, что необходимое дл  самовозбуждени  генератора 2 усиление получают только в рабочей полосе частот . Регулируемый ограничитель 9 напр жени  обратной св зи содержит диод D1, три резистора RJ, R4, R5 и потенциометр R6, обеспечивающий посто нство напр жени  обратной св зи , подводимого к транзистору ТТ генератора 2, что, в свою очередь, стабилизируют переменную составл ющую тока транзистора TI и, следовательно , амплитуду механических колебаний инструмента 3. Дл  зтого необходимо, чтобы напр жение обратной св зи с вьгхода полосового усилител  8 было всегда больше напр жени  на входе усилител  10, необходимого дл  получе- ни  заданной величины переменной составл ющей выходного тока транзистора Т1.Это условие обеспочивают соответствующим выбором коэффициента усилени  полосового усилител  8.С помощью потенциометра R 6,создающего запирающее напр жение в цепи диода D 1, регулир)тот величину ограниченного напр жени  обратной св зи, а,следовательно , и амплитуду колебаний инструмента 3,котора  пропорциональна перемешюй составл ющей выходного тока транзистора Т1. Индикатор 11 резонанса выполнен в виде светодиода D2, подключенного параллельно преобразователю При посто нном значении выходного тока транзистора Т1 генератора 2 напр жение на инструменте 3, колеблющемс  на собственной резонансной частоте, миютмально. Таким образом, по минимальному свечению светодиода D2 определ ют точку резонанса.The band amplifier 8 consists of a transistor operating in a gain mode with one or more tuned circuits in the output circuit. The circuits are tuned with a shift in the resonant frequency in such a way that the gain necessary for self-excitation of the generator 2 is obtained only in the working frequency band. Adjustable feedback voltage limiter 9 contains a diode D1, three resistors RJ, R4, R5 and potentiometer R6 providing the feedback voltage applied to the generator transistor TT of the generator 2, which in turn stabilizes the variable component of the current transistor TI and, therefore, the amplitude of the mechanical oscillations of the tool 3. For this, it is necessary that the feedback voltage from the input of the band amplifier 8 is always greater than the voltage at the input of the amplifier 10 necessary to obtain the specified value The variable component of the output current of the T1 transistor. This condition is ensured by appropriate selection of the gain of the bandpass amplifier 8. Using a potentiometer R 6 that creates a blocking voltage in the circuit of the diode D 1, adjusts this value of the limited feedback voltage and the amplitude of oscillation of the tool 3, which is proportional to the mixing component of the output current of the transistor T1. The resonance indicator 11 is made in the form of a D2 LED connected in parallel with the converter. At a constant value of the output current of the transistor T1 of the generator 2, the voltage on the tool 3, oscillating at its own resonant frequency, is miniature. Thus, the resonance point is determined from the minimum emission of the D2 LED.

Устройство дл  ультразвуковой хирургии работает следующим образом.The device for ultrasonic surgery works as follows.

Выпр мленное напр жение от источника 1 пита1ш  подаетс  на генератор 2, в режиме ;самовозбуждени  которого на резонансной (или очень близкой к резонансной) частоте, возникает напр жение на зажимах пьезопреобразовател  инструмента 3 и схемы 5 выделени  напр жени  обратной св зи. Протекающий через, пьезопреобразователь инструмента 3 ток содержит реактивную составл ющую L ), где Ukj - напр жение на пьезоэлементе; Су - статическа  емкость пьезоэлемента и активную составл ющую l , где R „ - динамическоеThe rectified voltage from the source 1 of the power supply is fed to the generator 2, in a mode whose self-excitation is at the resonant (or very close to the resonant) frequency, a voltage appears at the terminals of the piezoelectric converter of the tool 3 and the feedback voltage isolation circuit 5. The current flowing through the piezotransducer of the tool 3 contains a reactive component L), where Ukj is the voltage on the piezoelectric element; Su is the static capacitance of the piezoelement and the active component l, where R "is the dynamic

Claims (3)

сопротивление пьезоэлемента, которое при работе инструмента 3 точно на резонансной частоте  вл етс  чисто активном (величиной сопротив лени  резистора R2 ввиду ее малости можно пренебречь). Ток , проход щий через пьезопр образователь, равный сумме токов 1л у, и jC создает на концах резистора R2 падение напр  жени  UR2 1«,( Через конденсатор С1 (пренебрега  величиной R1) протекает ток , 1с, u,u.c., Этот ТОК реактивный и создает на зажимах , резистора R1 падение напр же ш  UR jlci R. Напр жение обратной св зи, снимаемое с концов резисторов R и R2, равно разности паде ний напр жений на них 2-н JicnR2- JiciR Регулиру  сопротивлени  резисторов R1 и R2, получают равенство си t-tR. тогда напр жение обратной св зи 11± I I I во Oбp.CB R-1Ra Это напр жение подают на первичную обмотку трансформатора б, со вторичной обмотки кото рого напр жение подают на вход фазовращател  7. Фаза напр жени  обратной св зи, снимаемо с потенциометра фазовращател  7, регулируема  в пределах i (± j), позвол ет установить частоту колебаний, точно совпадающую с резонансной частотой инструмента 3, при этом динамическо . входное сопротивление пьезопреобразовател  чисто активное и минимально. Козффнциент трансформации трансформатора Т1 генератоpa 2 подбирают таким, чтобы при минимальном входном сопротивлении пьезопреобразовател  режим транзистора Т1 был глубоко недонапр женным Подаваемое на вход полосового усилител  8 с фазовращател  7 напр жение обратной св зи усиливаетс  только в узкой полосе рабочих частот благодар  полосовому фильтру и по своей величине намного превышает значение, необходимое дл  самовозбуждени  генератора 2. С выхода полосового усилител  8 усиленное напр жение подвод т к рег лируемому ограничителю 9, который ограничивает амплитуду напр жени  на различных уровн х , определ ющих алшлитуду колебаний инструмента 3 с помощью потенциометра R6. Таким образом, амплитуда напр жени  обратной св зи остаетс  посто нной в широких пределах колебаний тока, проход щего через пьезопреобразователь, что обеспечивает устойчивость режима и малую зависимость амплитуды колебаний инструмента 3 от нагрузки. Глубоко иедонапр женный режим генератора 2 обеспечивает широкий диапазон рабочей нагрузки икструмента 3 и малые потери мощности, а следовательно , и малый нагрев инструмента 3 в отсутствии нагрузки. Действительно, при глубоко недонапр женном режиме генератора 2 он приближаетс  по своей нагрузошой характеристике к генератору тока - сила тока его почти не зависит от сопротивлени  нагрузки. Ненагружен1Ш Й инструмент 3 обладает малым входным сопротивле шем (активным при работе на резонансной частоте) и выдел ема  в нем мощность равна амплитуда переменной составл ющей тока генератора 2 (здесь пренебрегаетс  значение тока, протекающего через емкости С1 и СП и компенсирующую индуктивность L); динамическое сопротивление ненагру женного пьезоэлемента. При по влении и дальнейшем увеличении нагрузки инструмент 3 возрастает величина Rj, но ток генератора 2 почти не измен етс , остаетс  посто нной и амплитуда механических колебаний инструмента, а напр жение на инструменте возрастает и с ним возрастает мощность, потребл ема  последним. Рабочий режим устройства автоматически поддерживает при всех регулировках мощности работу ультразвукового инструмента 3 на резонансной частоте. Установ.леннал на определенном уровне амплитуда колебаний инструмента стабильна во времени, и при нагруженйи последнего на биологическую ткань уменьшаетс  не более,чем на 20% по сравнению с режимом колебаний без нагрузки. Аппарат обеспечивает получение амплитуды колебашй инструмента до 50 мкм при подводимой электрической мощности 6 Вт. Устройство применено при проведении 21 операции (дакриоцисториностолош, по поводу отслоек сетчатки). Оно обеспечивает сокращение продолжительности операций в 2-3-раза при одновременном повышении их качества и снижении травматичности, что ускор ет заживление на 2-3 дн , кроме того, повышена надежность инструмента в процессе длительных операций. Формула изобретени  J. Устройство дл  ультразвуковой хирургам, одержащее последовательно соединенные енератор ультразвуковой частоты с преобразоваелем злектрическнх колебаний в механические, абочий инструмент с датчиком колебаний интрумента , схему обратной св зи и схему сгаб|ь изации амплитуды инструмента, отличаюеес  тем, что, с целью уменьшени  травмат чностн , в нем схема обратной св зи и схема стабил защш амплит}щы инструмента вьтолнены в виде последовательно соединенных схемы выделени  напр жени  обратной св зи, трансформатора , фазовращател , полосового усилител , регулируемого ограничител  и усилител  напр жени , причем вход схемы вьзделени  напр жени  обратной св зи соединен с выходом дагшка колебаний инструмента, а йыход усюштел  напр жени  соединен со входом генератора ультразвуковой частоты. the resistance of the piezoelectric element, which, when the tool 3 is operated, is exactly purely active at the resonant frequency (the resistance value of the resistor R2 due to its smallness can be neglected). The current passing through the piezoelectric generator equal to the sum of the currents 1l y and jC creates at the ends of the resistor R2 a voltage drop UR2 1 ", (A current flows through the capacitor C1 (neglecting R1), 1C, u, uc creates at the terminals of resistor R1, the voltage drop w UR jlci R. The feedback voltage taken from the ends of the resistors R and R2 is equal to the difference of the voltage drops across them 2-n JicnR2-JiciR Resistor Resistor R1 and R2 receive the equality ti-tR, then the feedback voltage is 11 ± III in the Ob. CB R-1Ra This voltage is applied to the primary the coil of transformer b, from the secondary winding of which voltage is supplied to the input of the phase shifter 7. The feedback voltage phase, removed from the potentiometer of the phase shifter 7, is adjustable within i (± j), allows you to set the oscillation frequency that exactly coincides with the resonant frequency The tool 3, while the dynamic. input impedance of the piezoelectric transducer is purely active and minimal. The transformation transformer T1 of generator 2 is selected so that with the minimum input impedance of the piezoelectric transducer the mode t T1 was deeply low voltage. The feedback voltage applied to the input of the band amplifier 8 s of the phase shifter 7 is amplified only in a narrow band of operating frequencies due to the bandpass filter and is much larger than the value needed for self-oscillator generator 2. The output of the band amplifier 8 is amplified the voltage is applied to the adjustable limiter 9, which limits the amplitude of the voltage at different levels that determine the allotment of oscillation of the tool 3 using the potentiometer R6. Thus, the amplitude of the feedback voltage remains constant over a wide range of oscillations of the current passing through the piezoelectric transducer, which ensures the stability of the mode and the small dependence of the amplitude of oscillations of the tool 3 on the load. The deeply stressed mode of the generator 2 provides a wide operating load range of the tool 3 and a small power loss, and hence a low heating of the tool 3 in the absence of a load. Indeed, in the case of a deeply understretched mode of the generator 2, it approaches in its load characteristic the current generator — its current is almost independent of the load resistance. The unloaded instrument 3 has a small input resistance (active when operating at a resonant frequency) and the power output is equal to the amplitude of the variable component of the generator 2 current (the current flowing through the capacitances C1 and SP and compensating the inductance L is neglected here); dynamic resistance of an unloaded piezoelectric element. With the appearance and further increase of the load, tool 3 increases the value of Rj, but the generator 2 current remains almost unchanged, the amplitude of mechanical oscillations of the tool remains constant, and the voltage on the tool increases and the power consumed last increases. The operating mode of the device automatically supports, with all power adjustments, the operation of the ultrasonic tool 3 at the resonant frequency. Installed at a certain level, the oscillation amplitude of the instrument is stable over time, and when the latter is loaded on biological tissue, it decreases by no more than 20% compared to the oscillation mode without load. The device provides the amplitude of the oscillating instrument up to 50 microns with a supplied electric power of 6 watts. The device was used during 21 operations (dacryocystorienostomy, regarding retinal detachment). It provides a reduction in the duration of operations by a factor of 2–3, while at the same time improving their quality and reducing trauma, which accelerates healing by 2–3 days, and also increases the reliability of the instrument during long operations. Claims of the invention. A device for ultrasonic surgeons that has an ultrasonic frequency generator connected in series with a transducer of electrical oscillations into mechanical, a working instrument with an instrument oscillation sensor, a feedback circuit and a circuit of amplitude amplification of the instrument, in order to reduce injury, the feedback circuit and the stabilized amplitude of the instrument are made in the form of series-connected feedback voltage isolation circuit, the transformer and, phase shifter, a band amplifier and the limiter amplifier regulated voltage, wherein the input circuit vzdeleni voltage feedback coupled to an output dagshka tool vibrations and yyhod usyushtel voltage generator connected to the input ultrasonic frequency. 2. Устройство по п. 1, о т л и ч а ю щ е е с   тем, что преобразователь электрических 82. The device according to claim 1, of which the electric converter 8 // 8 колебаний в механические н датчик колебаний инструмента выполнены в виде единого пьезопреобразовател . // 8 oscillations in the mechanical n sensor oscillations of the instrument are made in the form of a single piezo-converter. 3. Устройство по п. 1, о т л   ч а ю щ ее с   тем, что в него введен индикатор резонанса , выполненный в виде светодиода, соединенного с датчиком колебаний инструмента. Источники информации, прин тые во внимание при экспертизе 1. Авторское свидетельство СССР М 578065, кл. А 61 В 17/32, 1975.3. The device according to claim 1, in terms of the fact that a resonance indicator is inserted in it, made in the form of an LED connected to an instrument oscillation sensor. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. USSR author's certificate M 578065, cl. A 61 B 17/32, 1975. iHCbiHCb ,U№№3, U№3
SU792773899A 1979-06-01 1979-06-01 Device for ultrasonic surgery SU850068A1 (en)

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