RU2201169C2 - Ultrasonic device for carrying out neurosurgical treatment - Google Patents

Ultrasonic device for carrying out neurosurgical treatment Download PDF

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RU2201169C2
RU2201169C2 RU2000103178/14A RU2000103178A RU2201169C2 RU 2201169 C2 RU2201169 C2 RU 2201169C2 RU 2000103178/14 A RU2000103178/14 A RU 2000103178/14A RU 2000103178 A RU2000103178 A RU 2000103178A RU 2201169 C2 RU2201169 C2 RU 2201169C2
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ultrasonic
transducer
flexible
neurosurgical
resonance
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Е.С. Андреева
А.В. Верещако
Ю.В. Верещако
С.А. Колосов
Л.Е. Шейнман
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Санкт-Петербургская медицинская академия последипломного образования
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Abstract

FIELD: medical engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has ultrasonic oscillator unit, electroacoustic rod transducer, half-wave concentrator unit and flexible acoustic conductor mechanically connected to each other. The ultrasonic oscillator unit operates in frequency bandwidth of 30 to 40 kHz. It is connected in series to modulating impulse oscillator unit and electroacoustic transducer having tie rod inside. The ultrasonic concentrator unit is exponent-shaped. Its output and input end areas are selected to enable one to produce ultrasound to 1000 W/cm2 intensity when achieving specific power corresponding to its mechanical strength. The flexible acoustic conductor is manufactured from metal or ceramic material and has 3 mm large diameter and length selected for producing resonance on the n-th harmonic of oscillations relative to acoustic conductor resonance frequency. EFFECT: high concentration of radiation to produce localized action upon tissues to be destroyed. 1 dwg

Description

Изобретение относится к медицине, а более конкретно к нейрохирургии. The invention relates to medicine, and more particularly to neurosurgery.

При травмах и опухолевых заболеваниях головного мозга требуется специальное операционное лечение. Предлагаемое нейрохирургическое ультразвуковое устройство предназначено для совершенствования лечения и разрушения опухолей мозга и поврежденной мозговой ткани, вызванной черепно-мозговыми травмами. For injuries and neoplastic diseases of the brain, special surgical treatment is required. The proposed neurosurgical ultrasound device is intended to improve the treatment and destruction of brain tumors and damaged brain tissue caused by traumatic brain injury.

Известны хирургические инструменты для удаления опухолей и поврежденного мозгового вещества: 1-механические с помощью микрохирургического инструментария (ножницы, конхотом, пинцеты); 2-электрические для электродиатермокоагуляции; 3-устройства лазерной хирургии; 4-устройства для криодеструкции. Known surgical instruments for removing tumors and damaged brain matter: 1-mechanical with the help of microsurgical instruments (scissors, konhotom, tweezers); 2-electric for electrodermatocoagulation; 3 devices of laser surgery; 4 devices for cryodestruction.

Однако эти устройства приводят к нарушениям близлежащих здоровых участков головного мозга. However, these devices lead to disturbances in nearby healthy areas of the brain.

Известна аппаратура для ультразвуковой терапии (А.Р. Ливенсон. Электромедицинская аппаратура. - М.: Медицина, 1981. - C.255-273). Эта аппаратура содержит последовательно соединенные генератор и электроакустический преобразователь. Однако она не может быть применена в нейрохирургической практике. Known equipment for ultrasound therapy (A.R. Leavenson. Electro-medical equipment. - M .: Medicine, 1981. - C.255-273). This equipment contains a series-connected generator and an electro-acoustic transducer. However, it cannot be applied in neurosurgical practice.

Известна фокусирующая ультразвуковая аппаратура для создания локальных разрушений в глубинных структурах головного мозга (Л.Р. Гаврилов. Применение фокусированного ультразвука высокой интенсивности для локального воздействия на ткани организма. "Акустический журнал", 1971, т.15, вып.3). Фокусирующая ультразвуковая аппаратура для создания локальных разрушений в глубинных структурах головного мозга содержит последовательно соединенные ультразвуковой генератор и фокусирующий электроакустический преобразователь с вогнутой пьезокерамической пластиной и мешок из тонкой звукопрозрачной пленки с дегазированной водой. Known focusing ultrasound equipment for creating local damage in the deep structures of the brain (LR Gavrilov. The use of focused ultrasound of high intensity for local exposure to body tissues. "Acoustic Journal", 1971, v.15, issue 3). Focusing ultrasonic equipment for creating local damage in the deep structures of the brain contains a serially connected ultrasonic generator and a focusing electro-acoustic transducer with a concave piezoceramic plate and a bag of thin sound-transparent film with degassed water.

Недостатком этого устройства-аналога является неточность фокусировки, что приводит к поражению участков здоровых тканей, а также сложность аппаратуры с недостаточно эффективным воздействием на подлежащие разрушению ткани. The disadvantage of this analog device is the inaccuracy of focusing, which leads to damage to areas of healthy tissues, as well as the complexity of the equipment with insufficiently effective effect on the tissue to be destroyed.

Устройством-прототипом служит (авторское свидетельство 1507352) "Ультразвуковой инструмент для воздействия на биологическую ткань", содержащий преобразователь из пьезоактивного материала, соединенный через полуволновой концентратор с гибким волноводом, имеющим рабочий наконечник. Причем длина волновода выбрана из условия

Figure 00000002

где lв - длина волновода, lп - длина преобразователя, Ев, Eп, ρв, ρп - соответственно модули Юнга и плотность материалов преобразователя и волновода, n - целое число заключенное в пределах 10<<n≤30, при этом отношение механических импедансов преобразователя и волновода заключено в пределах
102<<Zп/Zв≤104.The prototype device is (copyright certificate 1507352) "Ultrasonic instrument for influencing biological tissue", containing a transducer of piezoelectric material connected through a half-wave hub with a flexible waveguide having a working tip. Moreover, the waveguide length is selected from the condition
Figure 00000002

where l in is the waveguide length, l p is the length of the transducer, E in , E p , ρ c , ρ p are respectively Young's moduli and the density of the materials of the transducer and waveguide, n is an integer enclosed within 10 << n≤30, with this ratio of the mechanical impedances of the Converter and the waveguide is within
10 2 << Zп / Zв≤10 4 .

Это устройство не может обеспечить адекватное операционное лечение при нейрохирургической патологии, оно работает на оптимальных частотах для разрушения опухолевых и размозженных тканях мозга. This device cannot provide adequate surgical treatment for neurosurgical pathology, it works at optimal frequencies for the destruction of tumor and crushed brain tissues.

Задачей предлагаемого нейрохирургического устройства является повышение эффективности и локализация воздействия на пораженные участки головного мозга. The objective of the proposed neurosurgical device is to increase the efficiency and localization of the impact on the affected areas of the brain.

Предлагаемое нейрохирургическое ультразвуковое устройство содержит, как и устройство-прототип, ультразвуковой генератор, механически соединенные стержневой электроакустический преобразователь, полуволновой концентратор и гибкий звукопровод. The proposed neurosurgical ultrasound device contains, as well as the prototype device, an ultrasonic generator, mechanically connected rod electro-acoustic transducer, half-wave concentrator and flexible sound duct.

Ультразвуковой генератор выполнен с возможностью работы на частотах 30-40 кГц и последовательно соединен с генератором модулирующих импульсов и электроакустическим преобразователем, выполненным со стяжкой внутри, ультразвуковой концентратор имеет экспоненциальную форму, а площади его входного и выходного концов выбраны с возможностью обеспечения интенсивности ультразвука до 1000 Вт/см2 при развитии преобразователем удельной мощности, соответствующей его механической прочности, гибкий звукопровод выполнен из металла или керамики диаметром 3 мм и длиной, выбранной с возможностью обеспечения резонанса на n-й гармонике колебаний относительно резонансной частоты звукопровода.The ultrasonic generator is configured to operate at frequencies of 30-40 kHz and is connected in series with a modulating pulse generator and an electro-acoustic transducer made with a coupler inside, the ultrasonic concentrator has an exponential shape, and the areas of its input and output ends are selected with the possibility of providing an ultrasound intensity of up to 1000 W / cm 2 when the converter develops a specific power corresponding to its mechanical strength, a flexible sound duct is made of metal or ceramic diam with a diameter of 3 mm and a length selected with the possibility of providing resonance at the nth harmonic of the oscillations with respect to the resonant frequency of the sound duct.

Технический результат достигается за счет того, что при больших интенсивностях ультразвук оказывает разрушающее действие в первую очередь на больные ткани. При больших интенсивностях ультразвука (1000 Вт/см2) и при малых длительностях облучения, обеспечиваемых с помощью модулятора, решающее воздействие оказывают навигационные эффекты.The technical result is achieved due to the fact that at high intensities, ultrasound has a destructive effect primarily on diseased tissues. At high ultrasound intensities (1000 W / cm 2 ) and at small irradiation durations provided by the modulator, the decisive effect is provided by navigation effects.

При этом с помощью гибкого звукопровода осуществляется канализация ультразвука к поврежденному участку мозга. Из-за малого диаметра звукопровода низкочастотный ультразвук на пути его распространения по звукопроводу в посторонних направлениях не излучается, что обеспечивает возможность локализовать хирургическое воздействие только на патологические ткани и не облучать здоровые участки головного мозга. At the same time, with the help of a flexible sound duct, the canalization of ultrasound to the damaged part of the brain is carried out. Due to the small diameter of the sound duct, low-frequency ultrasound is not emitted in extraneous directions along the sound duct, which makes it possible to localize the surgical effect only on pathological tissues and not to irradiate healthy areas of the brain.

На чертеже приведена блок-схема предлагаемого нейрохирургического ультразвукового устройства. The drawing shows a block diagram of the proposed neurosurgical ultrasound device.

Нейрохирургическое ультразвуковое устройство содержит последовательно соединенные ультразвуковой генератор 1, генератор модулирующих импульсов 2, электроакустический стержневой преобразователь 3 со стяжкой внутри, экспоненциальный ультразвуковой концентратор 4 и гибкий звукопровод 5. The neurosurgical ultrasound device comprises a serially connected ultrasonic generator 1, a modulating pulse generator 2, an electro-acoustic rod transducer 3 with a coupler inside, an exponential ultrasonic concentrator 4 and a flexible sound duct 5.

Работа нейрохирургического устройства осуществляется следующим образом. После выполнения отверстия в черепе конец гибкого звукопровода 5 вводится в локальную патологическую область головного мозга. Генератора 1 создает электрическое напряжение на частотах в диапазоне 30-40 кГц. Модулятор 2 обеспечивает формирование электрических импульсов. Электрические импульсы возбуждают стержневой преобразователь 3. Размер стержня преобразователя 3 в направлении колебаний выбирается для резонанса на средней частоте fp=35 кГц (Б.С. Аронов. Электромеханические преобразователи из пьезоэлектрической керамики. - Л.: Энергоатомиздат, 1990. - 279 с.).The work of the neurosurgical device is as follows. After making a hole in the skull, the end of the flexible sound duct 5 is inserted into the local pathological region of the brain. Generator 1 creates an electrical voltage at frequencies in the range of 30-40 kHz. Modulator 2 provides the formation of electrical pulses. Electrical pulses excite the rod transducer 3. The size of the rod of the transducer 3 in the direction of oscillation is selected for resonance at an average frequency f p = 35 kHz (B. Aronov. Electromechanical transducers from piezoelectric ceramics. - L .: Energoatomizdat, 1990. - 279 p. )

Стержневой преобразователь 3 выполнен, так называемой, силовой конструкции со стяжкой внутри (В.В. Гонопольский и др. Пьезокерамические преобразователи. Справочник. - Л.: Судостроение, 1984. - 256 с.). The rod converter 3 is made of the so-called power structure with a screed inside (V.V. Gonopolsky and other Piezoceramic converters. Reference book. - L .: Sudostroenie, 1984. - 256 p.).

Со стержневым полуволновым преобразователем 3 механически соединен ультразвуковой концентратор 4 экспоненциальной формы, предназначенный для увеличения амплитуды колебательного смещения частиц. Он имеет переменное сечение и присоединяется к стержневому преобразователю 3 широким концом. Узкий конец соединен с гибким звуководом 5. An exponentially shaped ultrasonic concentrator 4 is mechanically connected to the rod half-wave transducer 3 to increase the amplitude of the vibrational displacement of the particles. It has a variable cross section and is connected to the rod transducer 3 with a wide end. The narrow end is connected to the flexible sound guide 5.

Длина звукопровода 5 выбрана исходя изосновной резонансной частоты звукопровода. The length of the sound pipe 5 is selected based on the main resonant frequency of the sound pipe.

При диаметре звукопровода 5 в 3 мм он значительно (примерно в 20 раз) тоньше, чем длина звука в тканях головного мозга. With a sound duct diameter of 5 to 3 mm, it is significantly (about 20 times) thinner than the length of the sound in the brain tissue.

Звукопровод своим рабочим концом погружается в вязкую среду тканей головного мозга. Поэтому он погружен практически на чисто активное сопротивление (Л. Ф. Лепендин. Акустика. - М.: Высшая школа, 1978. - С. 11-124) и имеется режим чисто бегущих волн, так как на погруженном конце нет отражений волн. The sound pipe with its working end is immersed in the viscous medium of brain tissue. Therefore, it is immersed practically in purely active resistance (L. F. Lependin. Acoustics. - M .: Higher School, 1978. - P. 11-124) and there is a regime of purely traveling waves, since there are no wave reflections at the submerged end.

Нейрохирургическое разрушающее воздействие применяют на опухолевые ткани, а также при травматическом поражении мозгового вещества. Neurosurgical destructive effects are used on tumor tissues, as well as in traumatic lesions of the brain substance.

Построение блоков 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, входящих в устройство, не нуждается в изобретательском творчестве. При этом совокупность этих блоков создает устройство, обеспечивающее необходимый нейрохирургический результат. The construction of blocks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 included in the device does not need inventive creativity. Moreover, the combination of these blocks creates a device that provides the necessary neurosurgical result.

Claims (1)

Нейрохирургическое ультразвуковое устройство, содержащее ультразвуковой генератор, механически соединенные стержневой электроакустический преобразователь, полуволновой концентратор и гибкий звукопровод, отличающееся тем, что ультразвуковой генератор выполнен с возможностью работы на частотах 30-40 кГц и последовательно соединен с генератором модулирующих импульсов и электроакустическим преобразователем, выполненным со стяжкой внутри, ультразвуковой концентратор имеет экспоненциальную форму, а площади его входного и выходного концов выбраны с возможностью обеспечения интенсивности ультразвука до 1000 Вт/см2 при развитии преобразователем удельной мощности, соответствующей его механической прочности, гибкий звукопровод выполнен из металла или керамики диаметром 3 мм и длиной, выбранной с возможностью обеспечения резонанса на n-й гармонике колебаний относительно резонансной частоты звукопровода.A neurosurgical ultrasonic device containing an ultrasonic generator, a mechanically connected rod electro-acoustic transducer, a half-wave concentrator and a flexible sound duct, characterized in that the ultrasonic generator is capable of operating at frequencies of 30-40 kHz and is connected in series with a modulating pulse generator and an electro-acoustic transducer made with a coupler inside, the ultrasonic concentrator has an exponential shape, and the areas of its input and output ATCs are selected to provide a intensity ultrasound to 1000 W / cm 2 with development of converter power density, corresponding to its mechanical strength, flexible acoustic line is made of metal or ceramic with a diameter of 3 mm and a length selected to provide a resonance at the n-th harmonic oscillation with respect to the resonance sound duct frequencies.
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