Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
  • B60C1/0016—Compositions of the tread
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L21/00—Compositions of unspecified rubbers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
  • C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
  • C08L33/062—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C08L33/06
  • C08L33/068—Copolymers with monomers not covered by C08L33/06 containing glycidyl groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
  • C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
  • C08L33/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
  • C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
  • C08L33/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters

Definitions

• the present invention relates to diene elastomer compositions which can be used especially for the manufacture of tires or semi-finished products for tires, for example treads of these tires.
• It also relates to reinforcing fillers capable of reinforcing such rubber compositions, more particularly to reinforcing fillers of organic or polymeric type, and to their use for reinforcing such rubber compositions.
• a first subject of the invention relates to a rubber composition based on at least one diene elastomer, a polymeric filler, a coupling agent ensuring the bond between the polymeric filler and the elastomer, characterized in that said polymeric filler comprises nanoparticles of non-aromatic vinyl polymer (abbreviated "PVNA”) carrying a function denoted "Z" of formula ⁇ Si-X, X representing a hydroxyl or hydrolyzable group.
• PVNA non-aromatic vinyl polymer
• the invention also relates to a masterbatch based on at least one diene elastomer and a polymeric filler comprising nanoparticles of the functionalized PVNA Z above.
• the invention also has for one object a method for obtaining a masterbatch comprising the following steps:
• this method being characterized in that said polymeric filler comprises nanoparticles of the functionalized PVNA Z above.
• the invention also relates to the use of a masterbatch according to the invention for the manufacture of a diene elastomer composition.
• the subject of the invention is also a process for obtaining a rubber composition in which at least one polymer filler and a coupling agent ensuring the connection between said filler and the elastomer are incorporated in at least one diene elastomer. and in that the mixture is thermomechanically kneaded in one or more steps until a maximum temperature of between 110 ° C. and 190 ° C. is reached, this process being characterized in that the said polymer filler comprises nanoparticles of the functionalized PVNA. Z. Most preferably, to facilitate their incorporation into the composition of the invention, the PVNA nanoparticles are incorporated into the composition in the form of the masterbatch of the invention.
• the invention also relates to the use of a composition according to the invention for the manufacture of finished articles or semi-finished products of rubber, as well as these finished articles and semi-finished products themselves, comprising a rubber composition according to the invention, these articles or products being particularly intended for any system of ground connection of motor vehicles, such as tires, internal safety supports for pneumatic tires, wheels, rubber springs, elastomeric joints, other suspension and anti-vibration elements.
• motor vehicles such as tires, internal safety supports for pneumatic tires, wheels, rubber springs, elastomeric joints, other suspension and anti-vibration elements.
• the subject of the invention is particularly the use of a rubber composition according to the invention for the manufacture of tires or semi-finished products for tires chosen in particular from the group constituted by the treads, the sub-compounds layers intended for example to be placed under these treads, the crown reinforcement plies, the sidewalls, the carcass reinforcement plies, the heels, the protectors, the air chambers, the sealed inner tires for tire without internal sidewall erasers and other erasers for supporting the load in the event of flat tire running.
• composition according to the invention is particularly suitable for the manufacture of tires for equipping passenger vehicles, vans, 4x4 vehicles (4WD), SUV ("Sport Utility Vehicles"), two wheels, “heavy vehicles “(ie subway, bus, road transport equipment (trucks, tractors, trailers), off-the-road vehicles), airplanes, civil engineering, agrarian, or handling equipment.
• the PVNA charge described hereinafter consists of "nanoparticles", that is to say particles whose main dimension (diameter or length) is typically less than one micrometer, generally in a range of about about ten nanometers to a hundred or a few hundred nanometers.
• nanoparticles of PVNA are in the form of elementary particles (or "primary particles”), these elementary particles or nanoparticles being able to form aggregates (or “secondary particles") of at least two of these nanoparticles, said nanoparticles and / or aggregates may possibly in turn form agglomerates likely to disagglomerate into these nanoparticles and / or aggregates under the effect of an external force, for example under the action of mechanical work.
• TEM transmission electron microscope
• the PVNA filler latex previously diluted with water (for example to 8 g of filler per liter of water) is diluted approximately 50 times in isopropanol. 40 ml of the solution thus obtained are poured into a high-shape beaker (50 ml) and then dispersed with the aid of a 600 W ultrasonic probe (Vibracells probe, reference 72412, marketed by Bioblock Scientific), under a power of 100%, for 8 min in pulsed mode (Is ON / Is OFF).
• a 600 W ultrasonic probe Vibracells probe, reference 72412, marketed by Bioblock Scientific
• CM 200 marketed by FEI, 200 kV acceleration voltage
• camera MegaView camera II marketed by Soft Imaging System
• image analysis system AnalySIS Pro A version 3.0 Soft Imaging System
• the setting conditions of the MET are optimized in known manner, depending on the sample and the state of aging of the filament (typically, condenser diaphragm 2 (50 ⁇ m in diameter) - objective 3 (40 ⁇ m in diameter)).
• the magnification rate of the microscope is adapted to have a sufficient resolution on the nanoparticles. For example, a magnification of 65,000 corresponds to a resolution close to 0.96 nm / pixel, on a digital image of 1248 ⁇ 1024 pixels; such a resolution allows for example the definition of a spherical nanoparticle of 40 nm in diameter with more than 1000 pixels.
• the calibration of the camera is carried out conventionally using standards (at low magnification, a gold grating of 2160 lines / mm, at high magnification, gold balls with a diameter of 0.235 nm).
• the diameter of the nanoparticles is measured using the AnalySIS Pro A version 3.0 software (with "Circle” option in the "Measure” menu). For each image and for a given nanoparticle, the operator materializes on the screen (using the mouse) three points located on the periphery of the image of the nanoparticle. The software then automatically draws the circle that passes through these three points and stores in a file (Excel) the values of the circular area, the circular perimeter and the circular diameter of the nanoparticle. Since this operation is only possible for nanoparticles whose contours are well defined, nanoparticles present in agglomerates are excluded from the measurement. The experiment is repeated at least on 2000 nanoparticles representative of the sample (from at least 10 different images, typically 50).
• PVNA filler samples of vulcanized rubber composition are prepared in a known manner by ultracryomicrotomy (see, for example, L. Sawyer and D. Grubb, Polymer Microscopy, 92, Chapman and Hall).
• the apparatus used here is a Leica ultracryomicrotome ("EMFCS") equipped with a diamond knife.
• EMFS Leica ultracryomicrotome
• the sample is cut in the form of a truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, the truncated face from which the cuts measuring less than 600 ⁇ m are made. This truncated pyramid is held firmly during cutting.
• the sample is cooled to a suitable temperature (close to the glass transition temperature of the sample) to be hard enough to allow cutting, the knife temperature being typically close to that of the sample.
• the speed and the cutting thickness are preferably between 1 and 2 mm / s and between 20 and 30 nm, respectively.
• aqueous sucrose solution 40 g in 40 ml of water
• the sections are recovered in the ultracryomicrotome chamber and then deposited on a TEM grid at room temperature.
• the sucrose is then removed by depositing the grid on the surface of a crystallizer filled with distilled water.
• the sections may undergo a staining step with osmium tetraoxide (OsO 4 ), according to a method well known to those skilled in the art (LC Sawyer and David Grubb, Polymer Microscopy, Chapman and Hall , London, New York, 1987, pp. 97-98): the grids are placed over an open crystallizer containing a mixture of 20 ml of distilled water and 0.1 g of OsO 4 (Agar Scientific, reference R101 5); the whole, placed in a sealed desiccator, is heated in a water bath at 50 ° C for 3h to 3h30.
• OsO 4 osmium tetraoxide
• the sections are observed on CM 200 microscope (200 kV voltage). To optimize the contrast, the observations are made in conventional energy filtered imaging (energy window ⁇ E equal to about 15 eV), with a GIF (Gatan Imaging Filter) and associated software (Filter Control and Digital Micrograph 3.4 ).
• the measurements are carried out at 150 ° C. with an oscillating chamber rheometer according to DIN 53529 - Part 3 (June 1983).
• the evolution of the rheometric torque as a function of time describes the evolution of the stiffening of the composition as a result of the vulcanization reaction.
• the measurements are processed according to DIN 53529 - Part 2 (March 1983).
• the dynamic properties ⁇ G * and tan ( ⁇ ) max are measured on a viscoanalyzer (Metravib VA4000), according to the ASTM D 5992-96 standard.
• the response of a sample of vulcanized composition (cylindrical specimen with a thickness of 2 mm and a section thickness of 79 mm 2 ) is recorded, subjected to a sinusoidal stress in alternating simple shear, at the frequency of 10 Hz, under normal conditions. temperature (23 ° C) according to ASTM D 1349-99.
• a peak-to-peak deformation amplitude sweep of 0.1 to 50% (forward cycle) followed by 50% to 0.1% (return cycle) was performed. ).
• the rubber compositions according to the invention are based on at least the following constituents: one (that is to say at least one) diene elastomer, one (at least one) filler polymer as a reinforcing filler and a (at least one) coupling agent ensuring the bond between this polymeric filler and this diene elastomer, said polymer filler comprising nanoparticles of PVNA as described in detail below.
• the expression "based on” means a composition comprising the mixture and / or the reaction product of the various basic constituents used, some of these constituents being able to react and / or being intended to react with each other. at least partially during the different phases of manufacture of the composition, or during its subsequent cooking. This definition also applies to the masterbatch of the invention.
• elastomer or rubber (both terms being synonymous) of the "diene” type, is generally meant an elastomer derived at least in part (ie a homopolymer or a copolymer) from monomers dienes (monomers carrying two carbon-carbon double bonds , conjugated or not).
• diene elastomers can be classified into two categories: “essentially unsaturated” or “essentially saturated”.
• essentially unsaturated is meant a diene elastomer derived at least in part from conjugated diene monomers, having a level of units or units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 15% (mol%);
• diene elastomers such as butyl rubbers or copolymers of dienes and alpha-olefins of the EPDM type do not fall within the above definition and may in particular be described as "essentially saturated” diene elastomers ( low or very low diene origin, always less than 15%).
• the term “highly unsaturated” diene elastomer is particularly understood to mean a diene elastomer having a content of units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 50%.
• iene elastomer can be understood more particularly to be used in the compositions according to the invention:
• diene elastomer any type of diene elastomer, one skilled in the art of the tire will understand that the present invention is preferably implemented with essentially unsaturated diene elastomers, in particular of the type (a) or (b). ) above.
• conjugated dienes 1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-di (C 1 -C 8) alkyl-1,3-butadienes, such as, for example, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-diethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-ethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-isopropyl-1 3-butadiene, aryl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2,4-hexadiene.
• Suitable vinylaromatic compounds are, for example, styrene, ortho-, meta-, para-methylstyrene, the "vinyl-toluene" commercial mixture, para-tert-butylstyrene, methoxystyrenes, chlorostyrenes, vinylmesitylene, divinylbenzene, vinylnaphthalene.
• the copolymers may contain between 99% and 20% by weight of diene units and between 1% and 80% by weight of vinylaromatic units.
• the elastomers may have any microstructure which is a function of the polymerization conditions used, in particular the presence or absence of a modifying and / or randomizing agent and the amounts of modifying and / or randomizing agent used.
• the elastomers may be for example block, statistical, sequence, microsequenced, and be prepared in dispersion (in particular emulsion) or in solution; they can be coupled and / or star or functionalized with a coupling agent and / or starring or functionalization.
• Suitable polybutadienes and in particular those having a content in units -1.2 of between 4% and 80% or those having a content of cis-1,4 greater than 80%, polyisoprenes, butadiene-styrene copolymers and in especially those having a styrene content of between 5% and 50% by weight and more particularly between 20% and 40%, a 1,2-butadiene content of the butadiene part of between 4% and 65%, a content of trans-1,4 of between 20% and 80%, butadiene-isoprene copolymers and especially those having an isoprene content of between 5% and 90% by weight and a glass transition temperature (Tg, measured according to ASTM D3418) from -40 ° C to -80 ° C, the isoprene-styrene copolymers and especially those having a styrene content of between 5% and 50% by weight and a Tg between -25 ° C and -50 ° C
• copolymers of butadiene-styrene-isoprene are especially suitable those having a styrene content of between 5% and 50% by weight and more particularly between 10% and 40%, an isoprene content of between 15% and 60% by weight and more particularly between 20% and 50%, a butadiene content of between 5% and 50% by weight and more particularly between 20% and 40%, a 1,2-butadiene content of the butadiene part of between 4% and 85%, a content of trans-1,4 units of the butadiene part of between 6% and 80%, a content of -1,2 units plus -3,4 of the isoprenic part of between 5% and 70% and a content in units trans -1,4 of the isoprenic portion of between 10% and 50%, and more generally any butadiene-styrene-isoprene copolymer having a Tg between -20 ° C and -70 ° C.
• the diene elastomer of the composition according to the invention is preferably selected from the group of highly unsaturated diene elastomers consisting of polybutadienes (abbreviated as "BR"), polyisoprenes (IR) and natural rubber (NR). , butadiene copolymers, isoprene copolymers and mixtures of these elastomers.
• BR polybutadienes
• IR polyisoprenes
• NR natural rubber
• Such copolymers are more preferably selected from the group consisting of butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers (ABR), butadiene-styrene copolymers (SBR), isoprene-butadiene copolymers (BIR), isoprene-styrene copolymers (SER) and isoprene-butadiene-styrene copolymers (SBIR).
• ABR butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers
• SBR butadiene-styrene copolymers
• BIR isoprene-butadiene copolymers
• SER isoprene-styrene copolymers
• SBIR isoprene-butadiene-styrene copolymers
• the diene elastomer is predominantly (that is to say for more than 50 phr) an SBR, whether it is a SBR prepared in emulsion ("E-SBR") or a SBR prepared in solution (“S-SBR”), or a blend (mixture) SBR / BR, SBR / NR (or SBR / IR), or BR / NR (or BR / IR).
• E-SBR SBR prepared in emulsion
• S-SBR SBR prepared in solution
• the diene elastomer is predominantly (for more than 50 phr) an isoprene elastomer.
• the compositions of the invention are intended to constitute, in tires, the rubber matrices of certain treads (for example for industrial vehicles), crown reinforcing plies (for example webs, webs, or webs), carcass reinforcement webs, sidewalls, beads, protectors, underlayments, rubber blocks, and other internal gums providing the interface between webs aforementioned areas of the tires.
• isoprene elastomer in known manner a homopolymer or copolymer of isoprene, in other words a diene elastomer chosen from the group consisting of natural rubber (NR), synthetic polyisoprenes (ER), different isoprene copolymers and mixtures of these elastomers.
• NR natural rubber
• ER synthetic polyisoprenes
• isoprene copolymers mention will in particular be made of isobutene-isoprene (butyl rubber-1ER), isoprene-styrene (SIR), isoprene-butadiene (BIR) or isoprene-butadiene-styrene copolymers. (SBER).
• This isoprene elastomer is preferably natural rubber or a synthetic cis-1,4 polyisoprene; of these synthetic polyisoprenes, polyisoprenes having a content (mol%) of cis-1,4 bonds greater than 90%, more preferably still greater than 98%, are preferably used.
• the composition according to the invention may contain less than an essentially saturated diene elastomer, in particular at least one EPDM copolymer or a butyl rubber (optionally chlorinated or brominated), that these copolymers are used alone or in admixture with highly unsaturated diene elastomers as mentioned above, in particular NR or IR, BR or SBR.
• compositions of the invention may contain a single diene elastomer or a mixture of several diene elastomers, the diene elastomer (s) may be used in combination with any type of synthetic elastomer other than diene, or even with polymers other than elastomers, for example thermoplastic polymers.
• the reinforcing polymeric filler of the compositions of the invention has the essential characteristic of comprising nanoparticles of a functionalized non-aromatic vinylic polymer (PVNA), carrying a (at least one) function denoted "Z" of formula (I):
• PVNA functionalized non-aromatic vinylic polymer
• Si represents a silicon atom and X represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolysable monovalent group.
• definition means
• non-aromatic vinyl monomer means any vinyl monomer other than a vinylaromatic type monomer, that is to say alpha-substituted with an aromatic group; - "non-aromatic vinyl polymer”("PVNA”), any homopolymer of non-aromatic vinyl monomer or any copolymer of which at least the majority weight fraction (preferably at least 50% or more, more preferably 70 or more; %) comprises non-aromatic vinyl units, the minor fraction (preferably less than 50%, more preferably less than 30%) may be derived from monomer (s) of another nature, including vinylaromatic monomers.
• X is a halogen, especially chlorine, or X is of the formula OR in which O is oxygen and R is hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, linear or branched, preferably having 1 to 15 carbon atoms.
• Z-functions chosen from the so-called "hydroxysilyl” ( ⁇ Si-OH) or "alkoxysilyl” ( ⁇ Si-OR ') functions are more particularly suitable, R' being a hydrocarbon radical preferably comprising from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably preferably selected from alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl, in particular from alkyl C 1 -C 8 alkoxyalkyls, C 2 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 1O aryl and C 6 -C 2 .
• Z corresponds to one of the formulas below:
• R 1 radicals substituted or unsubstituted, identical or different, are selected from the group consisting of alkyl C -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 8 aryl and C 6 -C 12;
• the radicals R 2 substituted or unsubstituted, identical or different from each other, are chosen from the group consisting of hydroxyl, C 1 -C 8 alkoxyls and C 5 -C 8 cycloalkoxyls.
• radicals R 1 are selected from the group consisting of alkyl C 1 -C 4 alkyl, cyclohexyl and phenyl, especially among alkyls CpC 4, more particularly from methyl and ethyl;
• radicals R 2 are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl and alkoxyls CI-C O, in particular from hydroxyl and alkoxyl C 1 -C 4, more particularly from hydroxyl, methoxyl and ethoxyl.
• radicals R 1 are chosen from methyl and ethyl and the radicals R 2 are chosen from hydroxyl, methoxyl and ethoxyl.
• the previously described functionalization Z of the PVNA could be carried out on the final polymer, for example by reaction on its residual double bonds. It is preferred to provide it using a functionalized comonomer Z (hereinafter referred to as comonomer B).
• said PVNA is a copolymer of at least the two following monomers:
• nonaromatic vinyl monomer A preferably corresponds to formula (II):
• radical R 3 is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyls in the form of
• R 'and R which are identical or different, are chosen from the group consisting of alkyls, linear, branched or cyclic, containing from 1 to 12 atoms carbon, and aryls, aralkyls or alkaryls having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, R 'and R "may comprise at least one heteroatom selected from halogens (preferably chlorine), oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur.
• N, N-dimethyl- (meth) acrylamide, N, N-diisopropyl- (meth) acrylamide, N-methyl, N-isopropylacrylamide (for the carbamoyl radical Y C (O) N (R 5 R ");
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C 1 -C 6 alkyl; Y is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, C (O) OH radicals,
• Y is the group C (O) OR ';
• R 3 is hydrogen or methyl.
• R 5 is an alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. carbon, especially those selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate (R 5 is methyl), methyl methacrylate (R 5 is methyl), ethyl acrylate (R 5 is ethyl), ethyl methacrylate (R 5 is ethyl), n-butyl acrylate (R 5 is n-butyl), n-butyl methacrylate (R 5 is n-butyl), acrylate of tert-butyl (R 5 is tert-butyl), tert-butyl methacrylate (R 'is tert-butyl), hydroxyethyl acrylate (R' is hydroxyethyl), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (R
• Methyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate, more preferably still methyl methacrylate is preferably used.
• monomers A of the bifunctional type could be used monomers of formula (II) above in which the radical Y is carrying a second vinylidene or vinylidene group radical-free radical.
• the monomer B is selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylates hydroxysilyl- (C] -C 4) methacrylates hydroxysilyl- alkyl (Ci-C 4) acrylates 'alkoxy (C 1 -C 4 alkyl) silyl (C 1 -C 4) alkoxy methacrylates of (C -C 4) silyl-alkyl (Ci-C 4) and mixtures of these compounds.
• the monomer B is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy-silyl-alkyl (C 1 -C 4 ) acrylates, hydroxy-silyl-(C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl methacrylates, methoxy-silyl (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl acrylates, methoxy-silyl (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl methacrylates, ethoxylated acrylates, silyl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl, ethoxy-silyl-alkyl (dC 4 ) methacrylates and mixtures thereof.
• the monomer B is selected from the group consisting of hydroxysilylpropyl acrylates, hydroxysilylpropyl methacrylates, methoxysilylpropyl acrylates, methoxysilylpropyl methacrylates, ethoxysilylpropyl acrylates, ethoxysilylpropyl methacrylates, and mixtures of these compounds.
• comonomer B is trimethoxysilylpropyl acrylate or trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate.
• the comonomer B is chosen from the group consisting of styryl-(C 1 -C 4 ) alkylhydroxysilanes and styryl-(C 1 -C 4 ) alkylalkoxy (C 1 -C) 4 ) silanes and mixtures of these compounds. More preferably, the comonomer B is selected from the group consisting of styryl-alkyl (Ci-C 4) -hydroxysilanes, styryl-alkyl (C -C 4) -méthoxysilanes, styryl (C! -C 4) -éthoxysilanes and mixtures of these compounds.
• the comonomer B is selected from the group consisting of styrylethylhydroxysilanes, styrylethylmethoxysilanes, styrylethylethoxysilanes and mixtures of these compounds. Even more particularly, comonomer B is styrylethyltrimethoxysilane.
• the molar ratio of comonomer B in the non-aromatic vinyl polymer is greater than 5%, more preferably between 5 and 30%, in particular between 5 and 20%.
• the weight ratio of monomer B is preferably between 10 and 30%, more preferably between 20 and 30%.
• the functionalized PVNA is also in a crosslinked state, that is to say in a three-dimensional form, so as to maintain the morphology of the charge at high temperature. .
• crosslinking could be provided by any known means, for example by means of a post-treatment or, according to a more preferred embodiment, by at least one of the starting comonomers provided, of course, that this last is at least bifunctional, that is to say carrying at least a second function capable of creating a three-dimensional network of PVNA during the polymerization.
• This crosslinking can be advantageously provided by the presence of a third comonomer (hereinafter referred to as comonomer C).
• the PVNA is a copolymer of at least the following three monomers, all three being preferably copolymerizable by radical polymerization:
• A a first non-aromatic vinyl comonomer
• This cross-linking monomer C may be vinylic or non-vinylic, aromatic or aliphatic.
• C comonomers having two unsaturated groups, in particular ethylenic groups, which are radically polymerizable in particular those chosen from the group consisting of di (meth) acrylates or tri (meth) acrylates of polyols, in particular diols, or triols (for example ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, trimethylolpropane), alkylene di (meth) acrylamides (for example methylene bis-acrylamide), vinylaromatic compounds, preferably styrenic, bearing at least two vinyl groups (for example diisopropenylbenzene (DIB), divinylbenzene (DVB), trivinylbenzene (TVB)), and mixtures of such comonomers.
• DIB diisopropenylbenzene
• DVD divinylbenzene
• TVB trivinylbenzene
• Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (abbreviated as “EGDMA")
• PGDMA Propylene glycol dimethacrylate
• Hexamethylene glycol dimethacrylate (abbreviated “HGDMA")
• the PVNA used is a polyacrylate or polymethacrylate, or a copolymer derived from (meth) acrylate units in a majority weight fraction (preferably at least equal to or greater than 50%, more preferably equal to or greater than 70%), for example a copolymer selected from the group consisting of MMA-MTSP-EGDMA, MMA-MTSP-PGDMA, MMA-MTSP-HGDMA and MMA-MTSP-DVB copolymers.
• crosslinking comonomer could also be used comonomer B bearing the above-mentioned Z function or comonomer A, provided of course that this comonomer B or this comonomer A is itself at least bifunctional and copolymerizable radically with the other comonomers.
• the weight content of crosslinking comonomer C is preferably greater than 1%, more preferably greater than 5%, in particular between 10 and 30%.
• Various other monomers such as, for example, diene monomers such as butadiene, isoprene, piperylene, may be optionally added in a minor amount, preferably less than 20% by total weight of monomers.
• the monomers A, B and C are different and all are vinylic, in particular all are non-aromatic vinyls.
• the monomers A and B carry a single addition-polymerizable function, and the cross-linking monomer C carries only two radically polymerizable functions.
• the functionalized and crosslinked PVNA Z may be prepared by any synthesis method adapted to the functionalization of a vinyl copolymer.
• This synthesis is preferably carried out by radical polymerization of the various monomers.
• Such a technique is in its general known principle, it has been applied in particular to radical polymerization in emulsion of functionalized polystyrene Z (alkoxysilane or hydroxysilane) in the presence of MTSP (see for example Macromolecules 2001, 34, 5737 and Macromolecules 2002, 35, 6185), or the synthesis of cross-linked (but non-functionalized) polystyrene in the presence of DVB (Polymer 2000, 41, 481).
• the non-aromatic vinyl monomer A is an acrylate or methacrylate monomer
• functionalizing comonomer B carrier of the Z function
• the crosslinking comonomer C is itself a vinyl compound, preferably chosen from the group consisting of HGDMA, PGDMA, EGDMA, DVB and the mixtures of these monomers.
• Zn functionalized and cross-linked PVNA nanoparticles can thus be obtained, in emulsion in water, that is to say in latex form (typically, for example, 100 g of polymer per liter of water).
• latex typically, for example, 100 g of polymer per liter of water.
• these PVNA nanoparticles characterized by MET according to the preceding paragraph I-1-A are preferably in a substantially spherical form (ie in the form of nanobeads), either in the isolated state or in aggregates. themselves possibly agglomerated.
• the number of nanoparticles per aggregate is typically between 2 and 100.
• the average diameter of these nanobeads is preferably between 10 and 100 nm, more preferably between 10 and 60 nm, especially between 10 and 40 nm.
• the PVNA charge constitutes moreover more than 80%, more preferably more than 90% (% by volume) of the totality of the reinforcing filler, a minor fraction (preferably less than 20%, more preferably less than 10% in volume) of this totality may be constituted by another reinforcing filler, for example a reinforcing inorganic filler or carbon black.
• the PVNA charge may advantageously constitute all of the reinforcing filler.
• reinforcing inorganic filler means here an inorganic or mineral filler, regardless of its color and its origin (natural or synthetic), also called “white” charge, “clear” charge or “non-black” charge. non-black filler ”) as opposed to carbon black, this inorganic filler being capable of reinforcing on its own, without any other means than an intermediate coupling agent, a rubber composition intended for the manufacture of tires, in other words terms capable of replacing, in its reinforcing function, a conventional load of pneumatic grade carbon black.
• inorganic fillers which may be used in addition to the PVNA filler, especially suitable mineral fillers of the siliceous type, in particular silica (SiC 2), or of the aluminous type, in particular alumina (Al 2 O 3), are particularly suitable.
• the silica used may be any reinforcing silica known to those skilled in the art, in particular any precipitated or fumed silica having a BET surface and a CTAB specific surface both less than 450 m 2 / g, preferably from 30 to 400 m 2 / g.
• HDS silicas As highly dispersible precipitated silicas (HDS silicas), mention may be made, for example, of the Ultrasil 7000 and Ultrasil 7005 silicas from Degussa, the Zeosil 1165MP, 1135MP and 1115MP silicas from Rhodia, the silica Hi-SiI EZ1 50G from the company PPG company, the Zeopol silicas 8715, 8745 and 8755 of the Huber Company, the silicas as described in application WO 03/016387.
• reinforcing aluminas examples include “Baikalox”"A125” or “CR125” aluminums from Baikowski, “APA-100RDX” from Condea, “Aluminoxid C” from Degussa or “AKP-G015" from Sumitomo Chemicals .
• the PVNA may also be associated with a carbon black, for example a black of the HAF, ISAF, SAF type, conventionally used in tires (for example highly reinforcing blacks Nl 15, Nl 34, N234, N326, N330, N339, N347, N375, or, depending on the intended applications, blacks of higher series, for example N660, N683, N772).
• the amount of carbon black present in the total reinforcing filler can vary within wide limits, it is preferably lower than that of the PVNA filler.
• the coloring properties (black pigmentation agent) and the anti-UV properties of the carbon blacks are particularly advantageous, without in any way penalizing the typical performances provided by the PVNA polymer filler.
• the level of total reinforcing filler in the compositions of the invention is in a range from 20 to 400 phr, more preferably from 30 to 200 phr.
• the nanoparticles of PVNA previously described are incorporated in the rubber composition of the invention via a masterbatch, that is to say that these particles are previously mixed with at least one diene elastomer, to facilitate their subsequent incorporation into the final rubber composition.
• masterbatch (or “masterbatch”) must be understood in known manner the mixture of at least one elastomer (more generally, a polymer) and a reinforcing filler, a precursor mixture of the elastomer composition (or polymer) final, ready for use.
• This masterbatch comprising at least the functionalised PVNA charge as described above and a diene elastomer (or mixture of diene elastomers) is another object of the present invention.
• This masterbatch is capable of being prepared by a method which is itself the subject of the invention, comprising the following steps:
• the diene elastomer latex may consist of an elastomer already available in emulsion (for example an emulsion SBR), or a diene elastomer initially in solution (for example an SBR solution) which is emulsified in a mixture of organic solvent and water, usually by means of a surfactant (the organic solvent disappearing at the time of coagulation or precipitation).
• the intimate mixing operation of the two latices is conducted in such a way as to disperse the polymer filler in the diene elastomer, homogenize the assembly to form a mixture of latices with a solids concentration preferably between 20 and 500 g / l, more preferably between 50 and 350 g / l.
• the two starting latices are diluted with water before mixing (for example 1 volume of water per 1 volume of latex).
• Precipitation of the mixture of the two latices can be carried out by any method known to those skilled in the art, for example by a mechanical action or preferably by the action of a coagulating agent.
• the coagulating agent is any liquid compound, miscible with water but not solvent (or bad solvent) of the elastomer, for example an aqueous saline solution, preferably an alcohol or a mixture of solvents comprising at least one alcohol (for example example alcohol and water, alcohol and toluene). More preferably, the coagulating agent is an alcohol alone such as methanol or isopropanol. Coagulation is preferably carried out with stirring, at room temperature, in a large volume of coagulant; typically, a volume of alcohol is used that is at least twice the cumulative total volume of the two diluted latexes. During this step, it is preferred to pour the mixture of the two latexes on the coagulant, and not the other way around.
• the masterbatch is obtained in the form of "rubber crumbs", comprising at least the diene elastomer chosen (for example NR or SBR) and the nanoparticles of PVNA embedded in the matrix. elastomer.
• additives may be incorporated into the masterbatch, whether they are intended for the masterbatch itself (for example a stabilizing agent, carbon black as a coloring and anti-UV agent, a plasticizer, an antioxidant, etc.). or the final rubber composition (e.g. a coupling agent) for which the masterbatch is intended.
• a stabilizing agent for example a stabilizing agent, carbon black as a coloring and anti-UV agent, a plasticizer, an antioxidant, etc.
• the final rubber composition e.g. a coupling agent
• the elastomer of the masterbatch may be any diene elastomer, identical or not to that (or those) of the rubber matrix of the invention. It may be advantageous to use the same diene elastomer and adjust the PVNA level in the masterbatch to the final target rate for the composition, so as not to have to add diene elastomer later, during the manufacture of the composition of the invention.
• the functionalized PVNA Z requires the use of a coupling agent (also called a binding agent) to establish a sufficient connection between the surface of its particles and the diene elastomer, and fully ensure its reinforcing filler function in the compositions of the invention.
• a coupling agent also called a binding agent
• a coupling agent at least bifunctional, has especially as simplified general formula "Ui-TU 2 ", wherein:
• U 1 represents a functional group ("U 1 " function) which is capable of binding physically and / or chemically to the charge;
• U 2 represents a functional group ("U 2 " function) capable of binding physically and / or chemically to the diene elastomer, for example via a sulfur atom;
• T represents a divalent group making it possible to connect U 1 and U 2 .
• Coupling agents (silica / diene elastomer), of variable efficiency, have been described in a very large number of documents and are well known to those skilled in the art. Any coupling agent capable of efficiently ensuring, in the diene rubber compositions which can be used for the manufacture of tires, the bonding between a reinforcing inorganic filler such as silica and a diene elastomer, in particular organosilanes or polyfunctional polyorganosiloxanes which carry U 1 and U 2 functions .
• polysulfurized silanes called “symmetrical” or “asymmetrical” silanes according to their particular structure, are used, as described for example in the applications WO03 / 002648 and WO03 / 002649.
• n is an integer of 2 to 8 (preferably 2 to 5);
• - A is a divalent hydrocarbon radical (preferably alkylene groups or C 1 -C 18 arylene groups, C 6 -C 12, especially alkylenes Cj-C 10, in particular Ci-C 4, especially the propylene);
• - Q responds to one of the formulas below:
• the radicals R 4 substituted or unsubstituted, which are identical to or different from one another, represent a C 1 -C 18 alkyl, C 5 -C 18 cycloalkyl or C 6 -C 18 aryl group (preferably alkyl groups containing C 1 -C 6 , cyclohexyl or phenyl, especially C 1 -C 4 alkyl groups, more particularly methyl and / or ethyl);
• radicals R 5 substituted or unsubstituted, identical or different, represent a hydroxyl, alkoxyl or Ci-Ci 8 cycloalkoxy, C 5 -C 8 (preferably a group selected from hydroxyl, alkoxyls C 8 and C 5 -C 8 cycloalkoxyls, more preferably still a group selected from hydroxyl and C 1 -C 4 alkoxyls, in particular from hydroxyl, methoxyl and ethoxyl).
• the average value of "n" is a fractional number preferably between 2 and 5, more preferably close to
• silane polysulfides are more particularly the bis (mono, trisulfide or tetrasulfide) of bis (alkoxyl (C 1 -C 4) alkyl (C 1 -C 4) alkyl silyl (C! -C 4 )), such as polysulfides of bis (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) or bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl).
• TESPT bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide
• TESPD bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide
• TESPD bis-disulfide ( triethoxysilylpropyl)
• the level of coupling agent is advantageously less than 10 phr, it being understood that it is generally desirable to use as little as possible. Its content is preferably less than 7 phr, more preferably less than 5 phr, in particular between 0.5 and 4 phr.
• the coupling agent could be previously grafted (via the function "U 2 ") on the diene elastomer of the composition of the invention, the elastomer thus functionalized or "pre-coupled” then having the function "Ui" free for the polymer load.
• the coupling agent could also be grafted beforehand (via the function "U 1 ") on the PVNA feed via its function Z, the thus "pre-coupled” feedstock can then be bonded to the diene elastomer via the function free "U 2 ".
• the rubber compositions in accordance with the invention also comprise all or part of the usual additives normally used in elastomer compositions intended for the manufacture of tires, for example plasticizers or extension oils, which are of a kind aromatic or non-aromatic, pigments, protective agents such as anti-ozone waxes, chemical antiozonants, anti-oxidants, anti-fatigue agents, reinforcing or plasticizing resins, acceptors (for example phenolic resin novolak) or methylene donors (eg HMT or H3M), a crosslinking system based on either sulfur, or sulfur and / or peroxide donors and / or bismaleimides, vulcanization accelerators, vulcanization activators .
• plasticizers or extension oils which are of a kind aromatic or non-aromatic, pigments, protective agents such as anti-ozone waxes, chemical antiozonants, anti-oxidants, anti-fatigue agents, reinforcing or plasticizing resins, acceptors (for example phenolic resin novolak
• these compositions comprise, as preferred non-aromatic or very weakly aromatic plasticizing agent, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of naphthenic, paraffinic, MES, TDAE oils, esters (especially trioleate) oils.
• glycerol the hydrocarbon plasticizing resins having a high Tg preferably greater than 30 ° C, and mixtures of such compounds.
• the overall level of such a preferred plasticizer is preferably between 10 and 50 phr, more preferably between 20 and 40 phr.
• hydrocarbon plasticizing resins it is recalled that the term "resin” is reserved by definition for a solid compound
• inert fillers such as particles of clay, bentonite, talc, chalk, kaolin, usable for example in sidewalls or tire treads colored.
• compositions may also contain, in addition to the coupling agents, coupling activators, covering agents (comprising, for example, the sole function Ui) of the reinforcing inorganic filler or, more generally, processing aid agents capable of in a known manner, thanks to an improvement of the dispersion of the inorganic filler in the rubber matrix and to a lowering of the viscosity of the compositions, to improve their ability to use in the green state, these agents being for example hydrolysable silanes such as alkylalkoxysilanes (in particular alkyltriethoxysilanes), polyols, polyethers (for example polyethylene glycols), primary, secondary or tertiary amines (for example trialkanolamines), hydroxylated or hydrolysable polyorganosiloxanes, for example ⁇ , ⁇ -dihydroxy-polyorganosiloxanes (especially ⁇ , ⁇ -dihydroxy-polydimethylsiloxanes).
• compositions of the invention are manufactured in suitable mixers, for example using two successive preparation phases according to a general procedure well known to those skilled in the art: a first phase of work or thermomechanical mixing (sometimes referred to as a "no" phase). -productive ”) at a high temperature, up to a predetermined maximum temperature (here between 0 ° C and 190 ° C, preferably between 120 ° C and 170 ° C), followed by a second phase of mechanical work (sometimes described as a "productive" phase) at a lower temperature, typically below 120 ° C., for example between 60 ° C. and 100 ° C., a finishing phase during which the crosslinking or vulcanization system is incorporated.
• a first phase of work or thermomechanical mixing (sometimes referred to as a "no" phase).
• -productive ” at a high temperature, up to a predetermined maximum temperature (here between 0 ° C and 190 ° C, preferably between 120 ° C and 170 ° C)
• the nanoparticles of PVNA are incorporated into the composition of the invention in the form of the masterbatch described above.
• all the constituents of the compositions of the invention are intimately mixed, by mixing, during the course of the process.
• first so-called non-productive phase that is to say that is introduced into the mixer and that thermomechanically knead, in one or more steps, these different basic constituents until reaching the maximum temperature predefined.
• the total mixing time in this non-productive phase is preferably between 1 and 15 minutes.
• the vulcanization system is then incorporated at low temperature, generally in an external mixer such as a roller mixer; the whole is then mixed (productive phase) for a few minutes, for example between 2 and 15 min.
• the vulcanization system itself is preferably based on sulfur and an accelerator. Any compound capable of acting as a vulcanization accelerator for diene elastomers in the presence of sulfur, especially those selected from the group consisting of 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide (abbreviated "MBTS”), N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl, may be used.
• MBTS 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide
• N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl may be used.
• CBS C-bis(trimethyl)-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide
• DCBS N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide
• TBBS N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide
• TBSI N-tert-butyl -2-benzothiazyl sulfenimide
• a primary accelerator of the sulfenamide type is used.
• vulcanization system can be added, incorporated during the first non-productive phase and / or during the productive phase, various known secondary accelerators or vulcanization activators, such as zinc oxide, fatty acids such as stearic acid, guanidine derivatives (especially diphenylguanidine), etc.
• the sulfur content is preferably between 0.5 and 3.0 phr, that of the primary accelerator is preferably between 0.5 and 5.0 phr.
• the final composition thus obtained is then calendered, for example in the form of a sheet or a plate, in particular for a characterization in the laboratory, or else extruded in the form of a rubber profile that can be used, for example, as a tread. tire for passenger vehicle.
• the vulcanization (or cooking) is conducted in a known manner at a temperature generally between 130 ° C. and 200 ° C., for a sufficient time which may vary, for example, between 5 and 90 min depending in particular on the cooking temperature, the system of vulcanization adopted and the kinetics of vulcanization of the composition under consideration.
• two charges of functionalized (Z) and crosslinked polymethacrylate are synthesized by radical polymerization of three different monomers - methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and filler A: trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate (MPST) or filler B: trimethoxysilylpropyl acrylate (ATSP) - and then incorporated into a tire rubber composition in the form of masterbatchs obtained by coprecipitation of a PVNA filler latex and a latex of a diene elastomer ( SBR).
• MMA methyl methacrylate
• EGDMA ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
• MPST trimethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate
• ATSP trimethoxysilylpropyl acrylate
• the weight ratio of comonomer B carrying the Z function (here, MTSP or ATSP) is between 20 and 30%, that of the crosslinking comonomer C (here EGDMA) is between 10% and 30%. %.
• the different monomers are previously subjected to a nitrogen sparge, as well as all the aqueous solutions used with the exception of the solution of SDS (bubbling in the form of powder).
• the reaction is conducted in a 1.5 liter reactor equipped with mechanical stirring. After introduction of 840 ml of water and sparging with nitrogen for 30 min with stirring, 50 ml of an aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) at a concentration of 0.9 mol / l are introduced successively.
• surfactant 50 ml to 1 mol / l of an equimolar buffer solution of sodium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogenphosphate.
• the functionalized and crosslinked polymethacrylates thus obtained are in the form of a latex comprising approximately 10% by weight of solid (PVNA) and the balance (approximately 90%) of water.
• the characterization of the filler latex A is carried out in accordance with paragraph I-1-A.
• the TEM image reproduced in FIG. 1 shows that the nanoparticles (elementary particles) of the invention are here in the form of nanobeads which have a majority of a diameter of between 20 and 60 nm. The average circular diameter is equal to 34 nm (standard deviation 6 nm).
• the polymethacrylate (charge A) is isolated and dried in order to evaluate its degree of functionalization (Z) provided by the monomer MTSP, by assaying the silicon content, by proceeding as follows:
• ICP / AES inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
• the procedure is as follows: the sample is calcined at 525 ° C. for 2 hours. The melting is then carried out on the ash obtained, at 1150 ° C. ( ⁇ 50 ° C.) with lithium tetraborate (for example 2 g per 1 g of calcined filler), for approximately 25 minutes. After cooling, all the melt bead obtained is solubilized at 80 ° C. in hydrochloric acid diluted to 2% in water. The solution is then transferred and adjusted in a volumetric flask.
• the measurement of the silicon is then carried out, on the content of the volumetric flask, by ICP / AES: the aqueous solution is sent into an argon plasma via an introduction system, where it undergoes the phases of desolvation, atomization then excitation / ionization of the atoms present.
• the silicon emission line at 251.611 nm is then selected through a monochromator and quantified against a calibration curve prepared from a certified standard solution of the corresponding element (intensity I). the emitted line is proportional to the concentration C of the corresponding element).
• the result is expressed in% by weight of silicon, based on the dry sample (previously dried at 105 ° C. for 2 hours), according to the formula:
• the density of the nanoparticles of charge A is measured on the powder, using a helium pycnometer: the value obtained is equal to 1.25 g / cm 3 .
• the polymethacrylate latices are then incorporated directly into an SBR diene elastomer to obtain a masterbatch as indicated in the previous paragraph II-2.
• the polymethacrylate loading rate referred to in the masterbatch, as in the final rubber composition targeted, is 39 phr (parts by weight per hundred parts of elastomer).
• the SBR latex is prepared in a manner known to those skilled in the art under the following conditions: polymerization temperature: 5 ° C; surfactant: sodium dodecyl sulphate; initiator: redox system iron salt II / hydroperoxide. The conversion is of the order of 50 to 60%.
• the amount of solids content of the SBR latex is determined by weighing, on dry extract, before preparing the masterbatch.
• the SBR latex is diluted 3 times with water, ie:
• the polymethacrylate latices are cooled to room temperature and then added to SBR latices diluted at the rate of 39 phr, ie:
• Charge B 368 ml of 84.8 g / l polymethacrylate filler latex (31.2 g load).
• a control composition (HDS silica filler) is prepared conventionally, as follows: in an internal mixer, whose initial tank temperature is about 90 ° C, is introduced first ("non-productive phase") elastomer SBR previously extended with 37.5 phr of oil, and a portion of the load. After a suitable mixing time, of the order of 1 min, the coupling agent and the remaining portion of charge are added. The other ingredients, with the exception of the vulcanization system, are added after 2 minutes. The internal mixer is then filled to 75%. Theromechanical work is then carried out for a duration of about 6 minutes, with an average pallet speed of 70 revolutions / min, until a fall temperature of about 135 ° C. is obtained.
• the mixture obtained is recovered, cooled and then the vulcanization system (sulfur and sulfenamide type primary accelerator) is added to an external mixer at 30 ° C., mixing the whole ("productive phase”). for a suitable time (between 5 and 12 min).
• the vulcanization system sulfur and sulfenamide type primary accelerator
• compositions thus obtained are then either calendered in the form of plates (thickness of 2 to 3 mm) of rubber for the measurement of their mechanical properties, or extruded in the form of a semi-finished product for a tire, for example a web. rolling.
• the vulcanization (baking) is carried out at 150 ° C for 40 min, under pressure.
• the purpose of the test is to compare the performance of PVNA nanoparticles with those of the conventional inorganic filler (HDS silica).
• the silica HDS chosen to reinforce the control composition is a pneumatic grade silica having, in a known manner, a very high reinforcing power ("Zeosil” type "1165MP" from Rhodia - density of about 2.1 g / cm 3 ).
• the diene elastomer used is SBR, the synthesis of which is described in paragraph III-2, previously extended with 37.5% of TDAE oil (ie 37.5 phr of oil per 100 phr of dry SBR). ).
• TDAE oil ie 37.5 phr of oil per 100 phr of dry SBR.
• composition C-I control: silica HDS; Composition C-2 (Invention): Functionalized PVNA Z (MTSP) Composition C-3 (Invention): Functionalized PVNA Z (ATSP).
• the rate of reinforcing filler was adjusted to iso-fraction by volume of filler (same volume - ie about 19% - of filler in each composition). As the specific surface area of the polymer filler is lower, the amount of TESPT coupling agent introduced into compositions C-2 and C-3 is therefore lower.
• the nanoparticles of PVNA represent about 97% (by volume) of the totality of the reinforcing filler, the latter comprising a small proportion (2 phr) of carbon black.
• Tables 1 and 2 give successively the formulation of the various compositions (Table 1 - rate of the different products expressed in phr), their properties before and after baking at 150 ° C. for 40 minutes (Table 2).
• a vulcanization kinetics (constant K) improved in the green state, a vulcanization kinetics (constant K) improved; a very substantial reduction in the density (measured using a helium pycnometer) of about 16% relative to the control composition (difference of course maintained after cooking); after firing, equivalent modulus values under high deformation (M100, M300, M400), a clear indicator for those skilled in the art of a high level of reinforcement, equivalent to that provided by the reference HDS silica; and last but not least, hysteresis properties which, unexpectedly, are very substantially improved as illustrated by a sharp decrease in the values of tan ( ⁇ ) ma ⁇ and ⁇ G *, which is a recognized indicator of reduced rolling resistance and warm-up.
• III-2 Test 2 the charge of functionalized (Z) and crosslinked polymethacrylate synthesized in III-1-A (charge B) by radical polymerization of three different monomers - methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethylene dimethacrylate glycol (EGDMA) and trimethoxysilylpropyl acrylate (APST) is incorporated into a rubber tire composition in the form of a masterbatch obtained by coprecipitation of the latex of the PVNA filler and an NR latex.
• MMA methyl methacrylate
• EGDMA ethylene dimethacrylate glycol
• APST trimethoxysilylpropyl acrylate
• the polymethacrylate latex is incorporated directly into natural rubber.
• the polymethacrylate loading rate referred to in the masterbatch is 39 phr (parts by weight per hundred parts of elastomer).
• the amount of dry matter of the NR latex is determined by weighing, on dry extract, before preparing the masterbatch.
• the NR latex is diluted 3 times with water, ie 447 ml of 178.8 g / l NR latex (80 g of NR) and 900 ml of dilution water.
• the polymethacrylate charge latex (Charge B synthesized in paragraph III-1-A) is cooled to room temperature and then added to the diluted NR latex at a rate of 39 phr, ie 368 ml of polymethylmethacrylate laticate latex. at 84.8 g / l (31.2 g load). The resulting mixture is gently homogenized. At a rate of 100 ml / min, the mixture is then added to 3500 ml of methanol stirred at 350 rpm. The precipitate thus obtained is filtered on filter paper, rinsed with water until constant residual low foaming of the washings and negative test of silver nitrate washings. The precipitate thus washed is dried under reduced pressure under nitrogen at 60 ° C. for 3 to 4 days. 110 g of dry masterbatch are thus recovered.
• composition C-4 control: silica HDS
• composition C-5 invention: functionalized PVNA ATSP.
• such rubber compositions are typically used in the parts of ground-engaging systems, in particular of tires, usually using NR-based rubber matrices, such as, for example, the internal supports of safety for tires, sidewalls, tire bead zones, underlays of treads and treads of these tires, particularly for heavy goods vehicles.
• NR-based rubber matrices such as, for example, the internal supports of safety for tires, sidewalls, tire bead zones, underlays of treads and treads of these tires, particularly for heavy goods vehicles.
• the degree of reinforcing filler was adjusted to iso-fraction by volume of filler (same volume - ie approximately 17% - filler in each composition). As the specific surface area of the polymer filler is lower, the amount of TESPT coupling agent introduced into the C-5 composition is therefore significantly lower.
• the PVNA filler represents approximately 97% (by volume) of the totality of the reinforcing filler, the latter comprising a small proportion (1 phr) of carbon black.
• Tables 3 and 4 give successively the formulation of the various compositions (Table 3 - rate of the different products expressed in phr), their properties before and after baking at 150 ° C. for 25 minutes (Table 4).
• PVNA polystyrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrenelastomer (SBR), hysteresis properties which are again strongly improved (values of (tan ( ⁇ ) max and ⁇ G * very significantly reduced ).
• SBR synthetic diene elastomer
• the specific polymer load of the compositions according to the invention thanks to its very greatly reduced density compared with a conventional reinforcing filler such as carbon black or HDS silica, makes it possible to very substantially reduce the weight of said composition. .
• This objective is achieved not only without degradation of the reinforcement, synonymous with resistance to wear or cracking, compared to these conventional loads, but also allowing a significant reduction in hysteresis, synonymous with rolling resistance or further enhanced heating over a conventional reinforcing inorganic filler such as HDS silica.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=37709726

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (256)

Families Citing this family (9)

Citations (3)

Family Cites Families (19)

• 2006
  • 2006-07-06 FR FR0606169A patent/FR2903416B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2007
  • 2007-06-29 EP EP07764942.4A patent/EP2044148B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
  • 2007-06-29 WO PCT/EP2007/005772 patent/WO2008003435A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2007-06-29 JP JP2009517006A patent/JP5686968B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-06-29 US US12/309,076 patent/US8461269B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-06-29 CN CN2007800255935A patent/CN101484520B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related

Patent Citations (3)