WO2007015388A1 - 半導体装置の製造方法および半導体装置の製造装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置の製造方法および半導体装置の製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007015388A1 WO2007015388A1 PCT/JP2006/314594 JP2006314594W WO2007015388A1 WO 2007015388 A1 WO2007015388 A1 WO 2007015388A1 JP 2006314594 W JP2006314594 W JP 2006314594W WO 2007015388 A1 WO2007015388 A1 WO 2007015388A1
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- laser
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- laser beam
- semiconductor device
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 234
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010979 ruby Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001750 ruby Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UIZLQMLDSWKZGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium helium Chemical compound [He].[Cd] UIZLQMLDSWKZGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 70
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 70
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 70
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005224 laser annealing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007687 exposure technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010075750 P-Type Calcium Channels Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013532 laser treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0626—Energy control of the laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
- B23K26/0613—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams having a common axis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/26—Bombardment with radiation
- H01L21/263—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation
- H01L21/268—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation using electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser radiation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66234—Bipolar junction transistors [BJT]
- H01L29/66325—Bipolar junction transistors [BJT] controlled by field-effect, e.g. insulated gate bipolar transistors [IGBT]
- H01L29/66333—Vertical insulated gate bipolar transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/70—Bipolar devices
- H01L29/72—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals
- H01L29/739—Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied control signals controlled by field-effect, e.g. bipolar static induction transistors [BSIT]
- H01L29/7393—Insulated gate bipolar mode transistors, i.e. IGBT; IGT; COMFET
- H01L29/7395—Vertical transistors, e.g. vertical IGBT
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02656—Special treatments
- H01L21/02664—Aftertreatments
- H01L21/02667—Crystallisation or recrystallisation of non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials, e.g. regrowth
- H01L21/02675—Crystallisation or recrystallisation of non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials, e.g. regrowth using laser beams
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device manufacturing method and a semiconductor device manufacturing apparatus, and more particularly, to a semiconductor device manufacturing method and a semiconductor device manufacturing apparatus that perform heat treatment by irradiating laser beams having different wavelengths.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for manufacturing an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT). The manufacturing method will be briefly described below.
- a diffusion region such as a base region and an emitter region, an electrode such as an emitter electrode and a gate electrode, and an insulating film such as a gate insulating film and an interlayer insulating film are formed on the surface of the conductive silicon substrate. Polish the backside of the substrate to 150 m, for example. Diffusion regions such as a field stop layer and a collector layer are formed on the back surface of the substrate by ion implantation and heat treatment. An electrode such as a collector electrode is formed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a semiconductor device manufacturing method or a laser annealing apparatus that irradiates two laser beams having different wavelengths onto a silicon substrate or a silicon film, for example. Yes.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a semiconductor device manufacturing method in which, for example, an amorphous silicon film is irradiated with a pulse laser beam in a visible light region having a wavelength of approximately 500 nm and a pulse laser beam in an ultraviolet region having a wavelength of approximately 250 ⁇ m. And a laser annealing device is disclosed. As a result, the time during which the amorphous silicon film is held at a constant temperature can be increased.
- Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4 describe a semiconductor that irradiates, for example, an amorphous silicon film with a continuous wave (CW) laser beam having a wavelength of about 1 ⁇ m and a CW laser beam having a wavelength of about 500 nm.
- An apparatus manufacturing method and a laser irradiation apparatus are disclosed. Thus, irradiation unevenness can be eliminated, uniform laser treatment can be performed, or a crystalline defect region formed on the semiconductor film can be reduced.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-59856
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-12484
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-128421
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-282060
- the present invention provides a semiconductor device manufacturing method and a semiconductor device manufacturing apparatus capable of raising a substrate or a film on the substrate to a desired depth to a desired temperature. Objective.
- the present invention irradiates a substrate with a first laser beam and a second laser beam having a wavelength different from the first laser beam, and heat-treats the substrate or the film on the substrate.
- the step of performing the heat treatment includes controlling the irradiation intensity or irradiation time of each of the first laser and the second laser, thereby
- a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising controlling a temperature distribution in a depth direction of a substrate or a film on the substrate.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device which can heat up a board
- the present invention irradiates a substrate with a first laser beam and a second laser beam having a wavelength different from the first laser beam, and heat-treats the substrate or a film on the substrate.
- the substrate of the first laser beam or the substrate The penetration length into the film on the substrate is not more than twice the depth to be heat-treated of the substrate or the film on the substrate, and the penetration of the second laser light into the substrate or the film on the substrate.
- the length is a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device, characterized in that the length of the substrate or the film on the substrate is at least twice the depth to be heat-treated.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device which can heat up a board
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, characterized in that the first laser light and the second laser light are irradiated to a part of the substrate at least for a predetermined time. it can.
- heat treatment can be performed with a temperature distribution before reaching a thermal equilibrium state.
- the first laser beam is a pulse laser beam or a continuous wave laser beam
- the second laser beam is a pulse laser beam or a continuous wave laser beam
- the first laser beam is
- the light or the second laser light is a panorless laser light
- the irradiation time of the first laser light or the second laser light is controlled by the panorless width
- the first laser light or the second laser light is controlled.
- the laser beam is a continuous wave laser beam
- the irradiation time of the first laser beam or the second laser beam is controlled by the moving speed of the laser beam on the substrate. It can be set as the manufacturing method of this.
- heat treatment can be performed with a temperature distribution before reaching a thermal equilibrium state.
- the first laser beam and the second laser beam are an excimer laser, a CO laser, a YAG laser (fundamental wave or harmonic), a YVO laser (fundamental wave or harmonic wave), respectively.
- Glass laser (fundamental or harmonic), ruby laser, alexandrite laser (fundamental or harmonic), Ti: sapphire laser (fundamental or harmonic), helium cadmium laser, copper vapor laser, gold vapor laser And a semiconductor laser power, which is a selected laser beam.
- the present invention includes a first laser that irradiates a first laser beam, and a second laser that irradiates a second laser beam having a wavelength different from that of the first laser beam. Irradiating the substrate with the first laser beam and the second laser beam to heat-treat the substrate or the film on the substrate.
- the depth of the film on the substrate or the substrate is controlled by controlling at least one of irradiation intensity or irradiation time of each of the first laser and the second laser.
- a semiconductor device manufacturing apparatus characterized by controlling a temperature distribution in a direction.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the manufacturing apparatus of the semiconductor device which can heat up a board
- At least one of the first laser beam and the second laser beam is a continuous wave laser beam, and a moving spot and a beam spot size in the moving direction of the continuous wave laser beam on the substrate. And adjusting the irradiation time of the continuous-wave laser light.
- the irradiation times of the two laser beams can be selected widely and independently. Therefore, the depth and temperature at which the substrate or the film on the substrate can be heated can be selected widely.
- the present invention includes a first laser that irradiates a first laser beam, and a second laser that irradiates a second laser beam having a wavelength different from that of the first laser beam.
- the substrate of the first laser beam the penetration length of the second laser beam into the film on the substrate is not more than twice the depth to be heat-treated of the substrate or the film on the substrate, and the second laser beam is the film on the substrate or the substrate.
- the intrusion length into the semiconductor device is a semiconductor device manufacturing apparatus characterized in that it is at least twice the depth to be subjected to the heat treatment of the substrate or the film on the substrate.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the manufacturing apparatus of the semiconductor device which can heat up a board
- the present invention can be a semiconductor device manufacturing apparatus characterized in that the first laser light and the second laser light are irradiated to a part of the substrate for at least a predetermined time.
- heat treatment can be performed with a temperature distribution before reaching a thermal equilibrium state.
- the first laser is a pulse laser or a continuous wave laser
- the second laser is a pulse laser or a continuous wave laser
- the first laser or the front laser When the second laser is a pulse laser, the irradiation time of the first laser or the second laser is controlled by the pulse width, and the first laser or the second laser continuously oscillates.
- the irradiation time of each of the first laser light and the second laser light is controlled by the moving speed of the laser light on the substrate. It can be a device.
- heat treatment can be performed with a temperature distribution before reaching a thermal equilibrium state.
- the first laser beam and the second laser beam are an excimer laser, a CO laser, a YAG laser (fundamental wave or harmonic), a YVO laser (fundamental wave or harmonic wave), respectively.
- Glass laser (fundamental or harmonic), ruby laser, alexandrite laser (fundamental or harmonic), Ti: sapphire laser (fundamental or harmonic), helium cadmium laser, copper vapor laser, gold vapor laser And a laser beam selected from the semiconductor lasers.
- At least one of the first laser and the second laser is a continuous wave laser, and a moving speed and a beam spot size in the moving direction of the laser light of the continuous wave laser on the substrate.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a semiconductor device manufacturing method and a semiconductor device manufacturing apparatus capable of raising the temperature of a substrate or a film on the substrate to a desired temperature to a desired temperature.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the wavelength dependence of the penetration depth of light into silicon.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of silicon.
- FIG. 3 (a) and FIG. 3 (b) are diagrams showing a heating range when a silicon substrate is irradiated with laser beams having different penetration depths.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of the laser annealing apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 (a) to FIG. 5 (d) are cross-sectional views (part 1) showing a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to a second embodiment.
- 6 (a) to 6 (d) are cross-sectional views (part 2) illustrating the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the second embodiment.
- FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b) are diagrams showing the temperature in the depth direction of the silicon substrate when the first laser beam is irradiated with the second laser beam in Example 2. (Part 1).
- FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b) show the temperature in the depth direction of the silicon substrate when the first laser beam is irradiated with the second laser beam in Example 2. It is the figure shown (part 2).
- FIGS. 9 (a) and 9 (b) show the temperature in the depth direction of the silicon substrate when the second laser light is irradiated with the first laser light in Example 2. It is the figure shown (part 3).
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the absorption coefficient with respect to wavelength at each electron concentration of silicon, and is a diagram described in Spitser et al. Phys. Rev. 108, p268 (1957).
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the absorption coefficient with respect to wavelength at each hole concentration of silicon.
- FIGS. 12 (a) to 12 (c) are diagrams showing the temperature in the depth direction of the silicon substrate when the first laser beam is irradiated with the second laser beam in Example 3. It is.
- FIGS. 13 (a) and 13 (b) show the temperature in the depth direction of the silicon substrate when the first laser beam is irradiated with the second laser beam in Example 4. It is a diagram (part 1).
- FIGS. 14 (a) and 14 (b) show the temperature in the depth direction of the silicon substrate when the first laser beam is irradiated with the second laser beam in Example 4.
- Figure 2
- FIGS. 15 (a) and 14 (b) show the temperature in the depth direction of the silicon substrate when the first laser beam is irradiated with the second laser beam in Example 4.
- FIGS. 16 (a) and 16 (b) show the temperature in the depth direction of the silicon substrate when the first laser beam is irradiated with the second laser beam in Example 4. (Part 4).
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the wavelength dependence of the penetration depth of light into TiN.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the wavelength of each laser and the penetration depth of silicon with respect to the wavelength.
- Figure 1 shows the penetration depth of light with respect to the wavelength of silicon light.
- the penetration length is the distance at which the light intensity is lZe. From Fig. 1, when the wavelength is ⁇ m force 350nm, the penetration depth is less than lOnm. When the wavelength exceeds 370 nm, the penetration depth increases monotonically with the wavelength, and the penetration length is about 100 / zm at a wavelength of 900 nm.
- the penetration depth of light of a KrF excimer laser having a wavelength of 248 nm is lOnm or less.
- the penetration depth of the second harmonic of YAG laser having a wavelength of 2 nm is about 2 ⁇ m, and the penetration depth of light of a semiconductor laser having a wavelength of 808 nm is about 20 nm.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the thermal conductivity with respect to the temperature of silicon. As the temperature increases, the thermal conductivity decreases. This indicates that heat is not easily transmitted at high temperatures.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram when the silicon substrate 10 is irradiated with laser light.
- FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) show the case where the penetration length is long, the laser beam 20a is short, and the laser beam 20b is irradiated, respectively.
- the bottom is the substrate surface of the silicon substrate 10, on which an operation layer 16 such as an electrode 12 and a diffusion region 14 is formed.
- the penetration depth is long!
- laser light eg, semiconductor laser
- the light is absorbed in a wide range. Therefore, the heating range 18a of the silicon substrate 10 is increased.
- Fig. 3 (b) when laser light with a short penetration length (for example, the second harmonic of a YAG laser) is irradiated, the light is absorbed near the front surface (back surface of the silicon substrate), and the heating range 18b is Get smaller.
- the thermal conductivity is reduced as shown in FIG. 2, so that the vicinity of the range where light is absorbed can be efficiently heated.
- Example 1 the substrate is irradiated with the first laser beam and the second laser beam having a wavelength different from that of the first laser beam, for example, heat treatment of the semiconductor substrate is performed.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of a laser annealing apparatus for irradiating a substrate with two laser beams.
- a first laser 30 that irradiates the first laser light 50
- a second laser 32 that irradiates a second laser light 52 having a wavelength different from that of the first laser light 50.
- This laser annealing apparatus irradiates the substrate 46 with the laser beam 50 and the second laser beam 52 and heat-treats the substrate 46.
- the first laser beam 50 emitted from the first laser 30 is shaped by the shaping optical system 1 (34). Thereafter, the first laser beam 50 is reflected by the dichroic mirror 40, condensed by the imaging condensing optical system 42, and irradiated on the substrate 46 that is the annealing target on the stage 44.
- the second laser beam 52 emitted from the second laser 32 is shaped by the shaping optical system 2 (36), is reflected by the total reflection mirror 38, passes through the dichroic mirror 40, and passes through the imaging collector. The light is condensed by the optical optical system 42 and irradiated onto the substrate 46.
- the shaping optical systems 34 and 36 are optical systems for expanding the beam diameter of the laser beam or improving the beam distribution to make the light intensity uniform.
- the dichroic mirror 40 has a function of reflecting the first laser beam 50, passing the second laser beam 52, and aligning the optical axes of the laser beams 50 and 52.
- the imaging and condensing optical system 42 is a lens, and has a function of irradiating laser beams 50 and 52 to predetermined positions on the substrate 46. The optical axes are adjusted so that the first laser beam 50 and the second laser beam 52 are irradiated on the same position on the substrate 46.
- the first laser 30 is controlled by the control circuit 1 (54), and the second laser 32 is controlled by the control circuit 2 (56).
- the stage 44 is driven by the drive system 47, and the drive system control circuit 48 controls the drive system 47.
- the first laser beam 50 and the second laser beam 52 can be irradiated to any position on the substrate.
- the drive system 47 is arranged on a stand 49.
- the first laser beam 50 and the second laser beam 52 are The same place is irradiated simultaneously. Then, the irradiation intensity of the first laser beam 50 and the irradiation intensity of the second laser beam 52 having different penetration lengths into the substrate 46 can be controlled. Further, the irradiation time of the first laser beam 50 and the irradiation time of the second laser beam 52 can be controlled. Thereby, the amount of light absorbed in the depth direction of the substrate 46 can be controlled. Thereby, the temperature distribution in the depth direction of the substrate 46 irradiated with the laser light can be controlled. Therefore, it is possible to raise the temperature to a desired temperature up to a desired depth of the substrate 46. As a result, it is possible to cope with heat treatments of various depths with the same laser annealing apparatus without having to provide a laser having a penetration depth corresponding to each heat treatment depth.
- Example 2
- Example 2 is an example of a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device such as an IGBT using the laser annealing apparatus according to Example 1.
- 5 and 6 are schematic cross-sectional views showing the method for manufacturing the IGBT according to the first embodiment.
- Figure 5 shows the top surface of the substrate, and
- Figure 6 shows the back side of the substrate.
- a gate insulating film 62 and a gate electrode 64 on a conductive silicon substrate 60 are formed using a normal exposure technique and etching.
- boron (B) is ion-implanted using gate electrode 64 as a mask, followed by heat treatment, thereby forming P-type channel diffusion region 66.
- a photoresist 68 is formed, arsenic (As) is ion-implanted, and then heat-treated to form an n-type emitter diffusion region 70.
- the insulating film 72 is formed by a normal CVD method and exposure technique. Further, an emitter electrode 74 is formed. As described above, the operation layer 82 is formed on the surface of the silicon substrate 60.
- the back surface of the silicon substrate 60 is polished to a substrate thickness of 100 m.
- Phosphorus (P) is ion-implanted to a depth at which the field stop layer 76 is formed from the back surface of the substrate.
- boron (B) is ion-implanted to a depth that becomes the collector diffusion region 78.
- the depth of the ion-implanted field stop layer 76 is about 3 ⁇ m.
- the ion implantation conditions are determined to be, for example, about the sum of the target depth force of the field stop layer 76 and the average projection range Rp of the ion implantation and the projection standard deviation ARp.
- the first laser beam 50 and the second laser beam 52 are simultaneously irradiated onto the same region from the back surface of the silicon substrate 60, and heat treatment is performed. Territory Form a zone.
- a second harmonic light (wavelength 532 nm) of a YAG laser is used, and as the second laser beam 52, a semiconductor laser (wavelength 808 nm) is used.
- the first laser 30 in FIG. 4 is provided with a second harmonic generation optical system.
- the heat treatment is preferably performed at least to the depth of the field stop layer 76 in order to activate impurity ions in the field stop layer 76 and the collector diffusion region 78.
- the collector electrode 80 is formed on the back surface of the substrate 60 to complete the IGBT.
- the heat treatment described in FIG. 6 (c) is 1000 ° C (1273K) or more over the entire depth direction of the field stop layer 76 and the collector diffusion region 78 in order to activate the implanted impurities. Is required. Further, it is required to be 1420 ° C. (1693 K) or less, which is the melting point of silicon, over the entire depth direction of the silicon substrate 60. Furthermore, the surface of the silicon substrate 60 is required to be 200 ° C. (473 K) or less because the operation layer 82 formed on the surface is not deteriorated by, for example, thermal stress.
- the temperature distribution in the silicon substrate 60 in this heat treatment step was calculated.
- the calculation was performed by finding a numerical solution of a one-dimensional or two-dimensional heat conduction equation.
- the heat conduction equation used is:
- the penetration depth of the light into the silicon R: reflection coefficient of silicon at the wavelength of the first laser light
- R reflection coefficient of silicon at the wavelength of the second laser light
- I laser parameter of the first laser light
- FIGS. 7, 8, and 9 show that the first laser beam 50 and the second laser beam 52 are respectively a triangular wave with a wavelength of 53 nm, a pulse width of 240 ns, and a rise time of 48 ns, and a wavelength of 808 nm and a pulse width of 240 ns.
- the figure shows the calculation result when the rise time is 48 ns triangular wave, the temperature against the time from the time of laser irradiation, the depth of the silicon substrate 60 back surface force, the surface (back surface of the silicon substrate 60), 1 m , 3 m, 10 m and 100 ⁇ m! /.
- FIG. 7 (a) shows that the irradiation intensity (energy density) of the first laser beam 50 and the irradiation intensity (energy density) of the second laser beam 52 are 1100 mjZcm 2 and OrujZcm 2 , respectively.
- Fig. 8 (a) is 600m j / cm 2 and 2800mjZcm 2 respectively
- Fig. 8 (b) is 400niJ / cm 2 and 3800mj / cm 2 respectively
- Fig. 9 (a) is 200nijZcm 2 and 4800mjZcm respectively. 2
- FIG. 8 (a) shows that the irradiation intensity (energy density) of the first laser beam 50 and the irradiation intensity (energy density) of the second laser beam 52 are 1100 mjZcm 2 and OrujZcm 2 , respectively.
- the penetration length of the first laser beam 50 with respect to the substrate 60 is defined as penetration depth 1
- the penetration length of the second laser beam 52 with respect to the substrate 60 is defined as penetration depth 2.
- the temperature up to a depth of 10 ⁇ reaches a peak from 100 ⁇ sec to 10 ⁇ sec, and then diffuses by heat and decreases in temperature.
- the temperature does not rise immediately after laser light irradiation, but rises from 10 to 100 seconds due to thermal diffusion, and almost reaches equilibrium in lm seconds.
- Fig. 7 (a) where only the first laser beam 50 is irradiated the maximum temperature in the 1 m depth region reaches 1300 K or higher, whereas the maximum temperature in the 3 ⁇ m depth region. Is 760 ⁇ . In the region of depth l / z m, the maximum temperature does not reach 1273K (100 ° C), which is necessary for impurity activation. This is because the area where the first laser beam 50 penetrates into silicon is as short as about 1 ⁇ m, and the area that is easy to heat efficiently is less than twice the depth of the penetration, and the area that is easy to heat efficiently penetrates. This is because the length is less than the depth. Therefore, it is difficult to activate the impurities injected into the 3 ⁇ m field stop layer 76 throughout the depth direction by irradiation with only the first laser beam 50.
- the maximum temperature in the region having a depth of 3 ⁇ m has reached 1500 K or more, and therefore, the field stop layer 76 ⁇ m having a thickness of 3 ⁇ m. Impurities injected into the substrate can be activated throughout the depth direction.
- the maximum temperature at the depth of 100 / z m that is, the surface of the silicon substrate becomes 520K, which exceeds 473K (200 ° C) which is the temperature at which the operation layer 82 on the surface of the silicon substrate 60 deteriorates. Therefore, in this case as well, it is difficult to activate the impurities implanted in the field stop layer 76 throughout the depth direction without deteriorating the operation layer 82 on the surface of the silicon substrate 60.
- the irradiation with only the first laser beam or the second laser beam cannot satisfy the heat treatment conditions required for the IGBT manufacturing method according to Example 1 described above.
- Depth 1 / zm temperature is 1350K, 1380K, 1490K, 1500K, 1530K and 1580 respectively Almost the same as K.
- Temperatures at a depth of 3 m are as high as 760K :, 930K :, 1120K :, 12 10K :, 1320K and 1490K, respectively.
- Temperatures at a depth of 10 m increase to 450K: 56 OK, 690 ⁇ , 800 ⁇ , 900 ⁇ and 1060K, respectively.
- the temperature at a depth of 100 / zm rises slowly to 340K :, 370K :, 430K :, 440K :, 470K and 520K, respectively.
- Example 2 the condition of FIG. 9 (&) (irradiation intensity of the first laser beam 50 is 2001 ⁇ 7.
- the heat treatment can be performed at a temperature higher than that at which the impurities implanted into the back surface of the substrate can be activated without deteriorating the operation layer formed on the substrate surface.
- the substrate 60 Controls the temperature distribution in the depth direction. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device capable of raising the temperature of a substrate or a film on the substrate to a desired temperature at a desired depth.
- a laser annealing apparatus that controls the temperature distribution in the depth direction of the substrate 60 by controlling the irradiation intensity of the first laser beam 50 and the irradiation intensity of the second laser beam 52, the substrate or the substrate is heated.
- a semiconductor device manufacturing apparatus capable of raising the temperature of the film to a desired temperature to a desired depth can be provided.
- the region that is easily heated as described above has a depth that is not more than twice the penetration length, and more efficiently less than the penetration length. Therefore, the region up to 2 / zm, which is twice the penetration length 1 of the first laser beam 50 (more preferably, the depth up to 1 m, which is the penetration length 1), is the first laser beam. Sufficient temperature rise is possible with only 50 irradiation. However, it is difficult to raise the temperature sufficiently in the region having a depth exceeding 2 m by irradiation with the first laser beam 50 alone. From FIG. 7 (b) to FIG. 9 (a), the second laser beam 52 having a longer penetration length is required for sufficient temperature rise in the region having a depth exceeding 2 m.
- a region having a depth exceeding 2 m is a region whose temperature distribution can be controlled by irradiation with the first laser beam and the second laser beam 52. Therefore, it is preferable that the depth to be heat-treated is 1Z2 or more of penetration depth 1. That is, the penetration length 1 is preferably not more than twice the depth to be heat-treated. Also more efficient It is more preferable that the penetration length 1 is less than the depth to be heat-treated because the region that is easy to heat is less than the penetration depth.
- the depth exceeds 3 ⁇ m, which is three times the penetration length 1 of the first laser beam 50.
- the maximum temperature in the region is lower than the maximum temperature of a depth of up to about 1 m when only the first laser beam 50 is irradiated. This indicates that it is not preferable to heat-treat a region exceeding 3 m by irradiation with the first laser beam 50 alone.
- the second laser beam 52 is simultaneously irradiated in addition to the first laser beam 50, the second laser beam 52 is irradiated as shown in FIGS. 7 (b) to 9 (a).
- the temperature rise due to is greater in the region of depth exceeding 3 ⁇ m than in the region of depth up to about 1 ⁇ m.
- the region having a depth exceeding 3 / zm is a region in which the temperature distribution can be easily controlled by irradiating the second laser beam 52 as compared with a region having a depth of up to about 1 ⁇ m. Therefore, it is even more preferable that the depth to be heat-treated is at least three times the penetration length 1. That is, the penetration length 1 is more preferably 1Z3 times or less the depth to be heat-treated.
- the maximum temperature at a depth of 10 m which is 1Z2 of penetration depth 2 is about 1000K. This does not reach a sufficient temperature (1273K) necessary for impurity activation.
- the maximum temperature in the region having a depth exceeding 10 m is lowered.
- the depth to be heat-treated is preferably 1Z2 or less of penetration depth 2. That is, the penetration length 2 is preferably at least twice the depth to be heat-treated.
- the depth to be heat-treated is more preferably 1Z6 or less of the penetration length 2.
- the penetration depth 2 is more preferably 6 times or more the depth to be heat-treated.
- the penetration length 2 of the second laser beam 52 exceeds the thickness of the silicon substrate, the surface of the silicon substrate 60 is heated when the second laser beam 52 is irradiated, and silicon The operation layer 82 on the surface of the substrate 60 is deteriorated. Therefore, it is more preferable that the penetration length 2 of the second laser beam 52 is not more than the thickness of the silicon substrate 60.
- the penetration length 1 of the first laser beam 50 into the substrate 60 is the depth at which the substrate 60 should be heat treated. It is preferable that the penetration length 2 of the second laser beam 52 into the substrate 60 is not less than twice the depth of the substrate 60 to be heat-treated.
- the penetration length 1 of the first laser beam 50 into the substrate 60 is less than the depth at which the substrate 60 should be heat-treated, and the penetration length 2 of the second laser beam 52 into the substrate 60 is More preferably, 60 heat treatments should be at least 6 times the depth of the substrate and less than the substrate thickness.
- the depth of the substrate to be heat-treated is, for example, the depth of the field stop layer 76 (the depth of ion implantation) in order to activate the field stop layer 76 and the collector diffusion region 78 throughout. It is preferable that Furthermore, it is preferable that the average projection range Rp of ion implantation of the field stop layer 76 and the projection standard deviation ⁇ Rp be the sum. In the region of the depth of the sum of the average projection range Rp and the projection standard deviation ARp of ion implantation, most of the implanted impurities are distributed. Therefore, by heat-treating this region, it is possible to activate the impurities implanted by ion implantation throughout the field stop layer 76 and the collector diffusion region 78.
- the penetration length 1 of the first laser beam 50 into the substrate 60 is not more than twice the depth of the substrate 60 to be heat-treated
- the penetration length of the second laser beam 52 into the substrate 60 2 is the manufacture of a semiconductor device capable of raising the substrate or the film on the substrate to a desired temperature to a desired temperature by using a laser annealing device that is twice or more the depth at which the substrate 60 should be heat-treated. Equipment can be provided.
- first laser beam 50 and the second laser beam 52 are irradiated in order to heat a region of about 3 ⁇ m from the surface of the silicon substrate will be considered.
- the wavelength of the first laser beam 50 is 370 nm or less, the penetration length with respect to the silicon is drastically reduced, and it is necessary to anneal a depth of about 1 ⁇ m or more. Not practical. Therefore, the wavelength of the first laser beam 50 is preferably 370 nm or more. Furthermore, 450 nm or more, where the penetration length is 1 m or more, is more preferable.
- a silicon substrate is usually used with a film thickness of several hundreds of m and a force of 100 m. For this reason, When the input length 2 is 100 / zm or more, the light absorbed by the substrate is reduced and heating cannot be performed efficiently. In order to avoid this, it is preferable to set the penetration length 2 to 100 m or less. Therefore, the wavelength of the second laser beam 52 is preferably 900 nm or less. Furthermore, the penetration length 2 is more preferably 850 nm or less so that the penetration length 2 is 50 m or less. In addition, referring to Fig. 10 and Fig.
- silicon absorbs infrared rays with a wavelength of about 10 m, and the penetration depth obtained by taking the reciprocal of the absorption coefficient shown here is , 1 0 mu m approximately when the order of the carrier concentration is 10 19 cm _3, the carrier concentration is about 50 mu m when the 10 18 cm_ 3. Therefore, a laser having an oscillation wavelength in this region can be used as the second laser. As described above, it is preferable that the first laser and the second laser also select the penetration strength of the light having the respective oscillation wavelengths with respect to the silicon by the oscillation wavelength force.
- Example 2 panoramic light was used as the first laser light and the second laser light. This is because the heat treatment can be performed with the temperature distribution before reaching the thermal equilibrium state. Thus, it is preferable that at least a part of the substrate is irradiated with the first laser beam and the second laser beam for a certain period of time.
- Example 3 is an example in which heat treatment similar to pulsed light is performed by moving continuous wave laser light on a substrate.
- FIG. 10 shows the temperature distribution in the silicon substrate when the irradiation position on the silicon substrate is moved using the calculation method used in the second embodiment.
- FIGS. 12 (a), 12 (b) and 12 (c) show the inside of the silicon substrate 60 when the irradiation positions of the first laser beam and the second laser beam are moved in 1500 mmZ seconds. Shows the temperature distribution.
- the laser beam is moved according to the beam movement arrow at the top of the figure.
- the power density of the first laser beam 50 and the second laser beam 52 is increased according to FIGS. 12 (a), 12 (b), and 12 (c).
- the power density is determined so that the maximum temperature of this is about 1600 ° C.
- the depth where the temperature exceeds 1 280K (about 1000 ° C) is deep.
- the first laser beam can be shortened and the first laser beam can be obtained in the same manner as when using the pulse laser beam.
- the respective irradiation times of the light and the second laser light can be controlled. This makes it possible to perform a heat treatment equivalent to that of light without using a pulse laser with a short pulse width.
- the pulse is used.
- the irradiation time of the first laser beam or the second laser beam is controlled by the width, and when the first laser beam or the second laser beam is a continuous wave laser beam, the moving speed of the laser beam on the substrate.
- the irradiation time of the first laser beam or the second laser beam can be controlled.
- the irradiation time of the continuous wave laser beam can also be controlled by adjusting the beam spot size in the moving direction (the size of the laser beam on the substrate surface). For example, when the beam spot size in the moving direction is large, the irradiation time becomes long even if the moving speed is the same.
- the laser when the laser is pulsed, it is limited to the pulse width inherent to the laser.
- the relaxation time at the laser oscillation level of Nd: YAG is as short as several tens of ns, so it is difficult to create a long pulse width.
- a semiconductor laser oscillates by current drive For this reason, producing a short pulse with a large current is limited in terms of power supply, and laser oscillation with a large pulse and a short pulse width is difficult.
- the range of selection of the irradiation times is limited by the limitations inherent to the laser as described above.
- the irradiation time of each of the YAG laser and the semiconductor laser is controlled by the pulse width, it is difficult to shorten the pulse width of the semiconductor laser that increases the pulse width of the YAG laser. Therefore, the moving speed of the continuous-wave laser beam on the substrate and the beam spot size in the moving direction are adjusted to provide illumination.
- the irradiation time of the two laser beams can be selected widely and independently. Therefore, the depth and temperature at which the substrate or the film on the substrate can be heated can be selected widely.
- the continuous wave laser is used for at least one of the first laser and the second laser, the above-described effect is obtained. From the viewpoint of temperature uniformity, it is preferable to use a continuous wave laser for both.
- both are continuous wave lasers the moving speed of the two laser beams is the same, and the irradiation time of each laser beam is individually controlled by adjusting the beam spot size of each laser beam. be able to.
- the scanning of the laser beam on the substrate may be performed by fixing the substrate and scanning the laser beam, or by fixing the laser beam and scanning the laser beam.
- the entire surface of the substrate can be irradiated with the laser beam by moving the laser beam in a direction perpendicular to the reciprocating direction while reciprocating the substrate. Furthermore, the entire surface of the substrate can be heat-treated by irradiating a laser beam spirally from the center or the periphery of the substrate. From the viewpoint of throughput, a method of irradiating in a spiral shape with less acceleration / deceleration is preferable.
- Example 4 is an example in which panoramic light is used as the first laser light and the second laser light, and the irradiation times of the first laser light and the second laser light are changed.
- Figures 11 through 14 show the implementation
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the result of calculating the temperature in the substrate in the same manner as in Example 2.
- the irradiation time and energy density of the first laser beam 50 are kept constant, and the irradiation time of the second laser beam 52 is changed.
- the irradiation intensity of the second laser beam 52 was determined so that the maximum temperature in the silicon substrate was about 1600 K. Show the temperature with respect to time from the time of laser irradiation for depth from the back surface of the silicon substrate 60, front surface (back surface of the silicon substrate 60), 3 m, 10 m and 100 ⁇ m! /! / Speak.
- the irradiation time and energy density of the first laser beam 50 are 120 ns and 800 nj / cm 2 , respectively.
- Irradiation time and energy density of the second laser beam 52 in FIG. 13 (a) is a 60NsZ500mjZcm 2, respectively it, and FIG. 13 (b), respectively 120 ns, a 600MjZcm 2.
- Figure 15 (a), respectively 300 ns, a 1450mjZcm 2, FIG. 1 5 (b) are each 400ns, 2300mjZcm 2.
- 16 (a) is respectively 500ns, 320 OmjZcm 2
- FIG. 16 (b) are each 600ns, 4000nijZcm 2.
- Fig. 13 (a), Fig. 13 (b) Fig. 14 (a), Fig. 14 (b), Fig. 15 (a), Fig. 15 (b), Fig. 16 (a) and Fig. 16 (b) Increase the irradiation time of the laser beam 52 of 2 [Continuous, 3 m deep maximum temperature, 740 mm :, 750 mm, 820 mm, 860 mm :, 930 mm :, 1100 K :, 1280 K and 1400 K, respectively. I'll do it. As shown in Fig.
- the temperature distribution in the depth direction of the substrate 60 can be controlled as in the second embodiment. Can do.
- the step of performing the heat treatment using the laser annealing apparatus shown in FIG. 4 involves at least one of the irradiation intensity or irradiation time of each of the first laser beam 50 and the second laser beam 52.
- the temperature distribution in the depth direction of the film of the substrate is controlled. This makes it possible to raise the temperature of the substrate or the film on the substrate to a desired temperature up to a desired temperature.
- a method for manufacturing a body device can be provided.
- the control unit controls the temperature distribution in the depth direction of the substrate 60 by controlling at least one of the irradiation intensity or the irradiation time of the first laser beam 50 and the second laser beam 52.
- control circuit 1 control circuit 2
- drive system control circuit 48 By using a laser annealing apparatus having (control circuit 1 (54), control circuit 2 (56) and drive system control circuit 48), the substrate or the film on the substrate is heated to a desired temperature to a desired temperature.
- An apparatus for manufacturing a semiconductor device capable of satisfying the requirements can be provided.
- the first laser beam has an penetration length of 1 It is preferably about 1 ⁇ m. Therefore, in addition to the YAG laser, where it is preferable to use a laser beam with a wavelength of about 500 nm, the second harmonic of a YLF laser or YVO laser can be used. Second laser beam 5
- a semiconductor laser or C02 laser having a wavelength of about 800 nm, which is preferably about 20 ⁇ m in penetration length.
- the present invention can be applied not only to a silicon substrate but also to heat treatment of a silicon film. Further, as shown below, the present invention can also be applied to heat treatment of materials other than silicon.
- Figure 17 shows the penetration depth of light with respect to the wavelength of TiN light. The penetration depth varies depending on the wavelength. The penetration depth is about 7 ⁇ m at a wavelength of 400 nm, and the penetration length is about 3 ⁇ m at a wavelength of 800 nm. Therefore, if lasers having wavelengths of 400 ⁇ m and 800 ⁇ m are used, the present invention can be applied and obtained even when heat treatment is performed on a TiW film formed on a substrate, for example. Thus, the present invention can be applied to heat treatment of a film on a substrate, and can be applied to a substrate other than a silicon substrate and a film on the substrate.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the penetration depth with respect to the wavelength of each laser and the wavelength of silicon.
- the first laser beam 50 and the second laser beam 52 are excimer laser (X eCl Excimer ⁇ KrF Excimer and ArF Excimer), YAG laser fundamental wave (not shown), second harmonic ⁇ (1: ⁇ 80 (20))), 3rd harmonic ⁇ (1: ⁇ 80 (30))), 4th harmonic (Nd: YAG (4 ⁇ )) and 5th harmonic (Nd: YAG (5 ⁇ )) , YVO fundamental wave (not shown)
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- 2006-07-24 DE DE112006002027.7T patent/DE112006002027B4/de active Active
- 2006-07-24 US US11/988,863 patent/US7943534B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE112006002027B4 (de) | 2018-08-02 |
DE112006002027T5 (de) | 2008-06-26 |
JP4117020B2 (ja) | 2008-07-09 |
KR20080015149A (ko) | 2008-02-18 |
US7943534B2 (en) | 2011-05-17 |
KR100968687B1 (ko) | 2010-07-06 |
JPWO2007015388A1 (ja) | 2009-02-19 |
US20090227121A1 (en) | 2009-09-10 |
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