Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
  • C07C209/82—Purification; Separation; Stabilisation; Use of additives
  • C07C209/84—Purification
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/12—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for electrolyte homeostasis
  • A61P3/14—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for electrolyte homeostasis for calcium homeostasis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
  • A61P5/14—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the thyroid hormones, e.g. T3, T4
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
  • A61P5/14—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the thyroid hormones, e.g. T3, T4
  • A61P5/16—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the thyroid hormones, e.g. T3, T4 for decreasing, blocking or antagonising the activity of the thyroid hormones
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
  • A61P5/18—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the parathyroid hormones
  • A61P5/20—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the parathyroid hormones for decreasing, blocking or antagonising the activity of PTH
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
  • C07C209/82—Purification; Separation; Stabilisation; Use of additives
  • C07C209/90—Stabilisation; Use of additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
  • C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
  • C07C271/08—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C271/10—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C271/12—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals

Definitions

• 60/684,152 filed May 23, 2005; 60/698,613, filed July 11, 2005; 60/702,918, filed July 26, 2005; 60/734,669, filed November 7, 2005; 60/738,827, filed November 21, 2005; 60/696,981, filed July 5, 2005; 60/697,111, filed July 6, 2005; 60/701,232, filed July 20, 2005, 60/706,910, filed August 9, 2005, 60/735,126, filed November 8, 2005; 60/794,804, filed April 24, 2006; 60/730,050, filed October 24, 2005; 60/732,083, filed October 31, 2005; 60/733,008, filed November 2, 2005; 60/741,787, filed December 1, 2005; and 60/750,910, filed December 15, 2005, hereby incorporated by reference.
• the present invention relates to the cinacalcet impurity, cinacalcet carbamate.
• (R)- ⁇ -methyl-N-[3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl]-l-naphthalenemethane amine (herein “Cinacalcet” or “CNC”) has a CAS number of 226256-56-0, a formula of C 22 H 22 F 3 N, and the following structure.
• Cinacalet is the free base form of cinacalcet hydrochloride (herein “CNC-HCl”), having a CAS number of 364782-34-3 and the following structure:
• CNC-HCl is marketed as SENSIP ARTM, and was the first drug in a class of compounds known as calcimimetics to be approved by the FDA.
• Calcimimetics are a class of orally active, small molecules that decrease the secretion of parathyroid hormone ("PTH") by activating calcium receptors.
• PTH parathyroid hormone
• the secretion of PTH is normally regulated by the calcium- sensing receptor.
• Calcimimetic agents increase the sensitivity of this receptor to calcium, which inhibits the release of parathyroid hormone, and lowers parathyroid hormone levels within a few hours.
• Calcimimetics are used to treat hyperparathyroidism, a condition characterized by the over-secretion of PTH that results when calcium receptors on parathyroid glands fail to respond properly to calcium in the bloodstream. Elevated levels of PTH, an indicator of secondary hyperparathyroidism, are associated with altered metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, bone pain, fractures, and an increased risk for cardiovascular death.
• CNC-HCl is approved for treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis. Treatment with CNC-HCl lowers serum levels of PTH as well as the calcium/phosphorus ion product, a measure of the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the blood.
• Inorganic ion receptor active molecules especially calcium receptor-active molecules, such as those having the general structure of cinacalcet, are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,011,068.
• U.S. Patent No. 6,211,244 discloses calcium receptor-active compounds related to cinacalcet and methods of making such compounds. Cinacalcet and its enantiomer maybe produced by various methods, using the processes disclosed in U.S. patent No. 6,211,244; DRUGS OF THE FUTURE, 27 (9), 831 (2002); U.S. patent No. 5,648,541; 4,966,988; and Tetrahedron Letters (2004) 45: 8355, footnote 12.
• cinacalcet salt can contain process impurities, including unreacted starting materials, chemical derivatives of impurities contained in starting materials, synthetic by-products, and degradation products. It is also known in the art that impurities present in an active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”) may arise from degradation of the API, for example, during storage or during the manufacturing process, including the chemical synthesis.
• API active pharmaceutical ingredient
• the product mixture of a chemical reaction is rarely a single compound with sufficient purity to comply with pharmaceutical standards. Side products and by-products of the reaction and adjunct reagents used in the reaction will, in most cases, also be present in the product mixture.
• an API such as cinacalcet salt
• HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
• TLC thin layer chromatography
• the API need not be absolutely pure, as absolute purity is a theoretical ideal that is typically unattainable. Rather, purity standards are set with the intention of ensuring that an API is as free of impurities as possible, and, thus, are as safe as possible for clinical use. Li the United States, the Food and Drug Administration guidelines recommend that the amounts of some impurities be limited to less than 0.1 percent.
• impurities are identified spectroscopically and/or with another physical method, and then associated with a peak position, such as that in a chromatogram or a spot on a TLC plate. See Strobel, H. A.; Heineman, W.R., Chemical Instrumentation: A Systematic Approach, 3rd ed. (Wiley & Sons: New York 1989), p. 953 ("Strobel”). Thereafter, the impurity can be identified, e.g., by its relative position in the chromatogram, where the position in a chromatogram is conventionally measured in minutes between injection of the sample on the column and elution of the particular component through the detector.
• the relative position in the chromatogram is known as the "retention time.” [00011 ]
• the retention time can vary about a mean value based upon the condition of the instrumentation, as well as many other factors. To mitigate the effects such variations have upon accurate identification of an impurity, practitioners use the relative retention time ("RRT") to identify impurities. See Strobel p. 922.
• the RRT of an impurity is its retention time divided by the retention time of a reference marker. It may be advantageous to select a compound other than the API that is added to, or present in, the mixture in an amount sufficiently large to be detectable and sufficiently low as not to saturate the column, and to use that compound as the reference marker for determination of the RRT.
• a reference standard is similar to a reference marker, but can be used for quantitative analysis, rather than simply qualitative analysis, as with a reference standard.
• a reference standard is an "external standard," when a solution of a known concentration of the reference standard and an unknown mixture are analyzed using the same technique. See Strobel p. 924; Snyder, L.R.; Kirkland, JJ. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, 2d ed. (John Wiley & Sons: New York 1979), p. 549 ("Snyder"). The amount of the compound in the mixture can be determined by comparing the magnitude of the detector response. See U.S. Patent No. 6,333,198, incorporated herein by reference.
• the reference standard can also be used to quantify the amount of another compound in the mixture if a "response factor," which compensates for differences in the sensitivity of the detector to the two compounds, has been predetermined. See Strobel p. 894.
• the reference standard is added directly to the mixture, and is known as an "internal standard.” See Strobel p. 925; Snyder p. 552.
• the reference standard can serve as an internal standard when, without the deliberate addition of the reference standard, an unknown mixture contains a detectable amount of the reference standard compound using the technique known as "standard addition.”
• Impurities in cinacalcet including, but not limited to, unreacted starting materials, by-products of the reaction, products of side reactions, or degradation products are undesirable and, in extreme cases, might even be harmful to a patient being treated with a dosage form containing the API.
• a method for determining the level of impurities in cinacalcet samples and removing the impurities are undesirable and, in extreme cases, might even be harmful to a patient being treated with a dosage form containing the API.
• the present invention provides a cinacalcet impurity, cinacalcet carbamate, 3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propyl(R)-l(naphthalem-l-yl)ethyl carbamate ("CNC-carbamate”), having the following structure.
• the present invention provides cinacalcet salt having cinacalcet carbamate in an amount of about 0.03 area percent to about 0.15 area percent as measured by HPLC.
• the present invention provides a method for preparing a cinacalcet salt, cinacalcet hydrochloride, containing cinacalcet carbamate in an amount of about 0.03 area percent to about 0.15 area percent as measured by a chromatographic method, preferably HPLC or TLC, comprising the steps of (a) dissolving cinacalcet base, containing cinacalcet carbamate in an amount of about 3 area percent to about 6 area percent as determined by a chromatographic method, in acetone, a linear or a branch-chain C 2-8 ether, mixtures thereof or with water; (b) adding hydrogen chloride to obtain a precipitate; and (c) recovering the cinacalcet hydrochloride.
• a chromatographic method preferably HPLC or TLC
• the present invention provides a process for using cinacalcet carbamate as a reference marker or reference standard.
• Cinacalcet carbamate can be used as a reference marker for determining the presence of cinacalcet carbamate in a sample of cinacalcet hydrochloride.
• cinacalcet carabamate can be used as a reference standard for determining the relative quantity of CNC-carbamate.
• the present invention provides a process for preparing a cinacalcet salt containing CNC-carbamate comprising the steps of (a) obtaining one or more samples of one or more batches of cinacalcet base; (b) measuring the level of CNC carbamate in each of the samples of obtained in step (a); (c) selecting the cinacalcet base batch based on the sample that comprises a level of CNC-carbamate in an amount of about 3 area percent to about 6 area percent as determined by HPLC, based on the measurement or measurements conducted in step (b); and (d) using the batch selected in step (c) to prepare the cinacalcet salt.
• the sample of step (a) contains more than about 3 area percent by HPLC of CNC-carbamate, according to the measurement in step (b), the sample may be purified prior to performing step (c).
• the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising cinacalcet base or salts thereof having about 0.03 area percent to about 0.15area percent as determined by HPLC of cinacalcet carbamate and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• the present invention provides a process for preparing a pharmaceutical composition
• a process for preparing a pharmaceutical composition comprising combining cinacalcet salt having about 0.03 area percent to about 0.15 area percent as determined by HPLC of CNC-carbamate with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• Figure 1 illustrates a typical HPLC chromatogram of Cinacalcet HCl sample substantially free of the carbamate.
• room temperature is meant to indicate a temperature of about 18 to about 25°C, preferably about 20 to about 22°C.
• CNC refers to cinacalcet.
• cinacalcet salt may be any salt that has a pKa lower than the pKa of cinacalcet base.
• Appropriate acids that can be used to form such salts may include HCl, HBr, H 2 SO 4 , oxalic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid and citric acid. More preferably, the cinacalcet salt is cinacalcet HCl
• the term "reference marker” is used in qualitative analysis to identify components of a mixture based upon their position, e.g., in a chromatogram or on a Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) plate. See Strobel pp. 921, 922, 953. For this purpose, the compound does not necessarily have to be added to the mixture if it is present in the mixture.
• a “reference marker” is used only for qualitative analysis, while a reference standard may be used for quantitative or qualitative analysis, or both. Hence, a reference marker is a subset of a reference standard, and is included within the definition of a reference standard.
• the term "reference standard” refers to a compound that may be used both for quantitative and qualitative analysis of an active pharmaceutical ingredient.
• the HPLC retention time of the compound allows a relative retention time to be determined, thus making qualitative analysis possible.
• the concentration of the compound in solution before injection into an HPLC column allows the areas under the HPLC peaks to be compared, thus making quantitative analysis possible.
• a detector response can be, for example, the peak heights or integrated peak areas of a cliromatogram obtained, e.g., by UV or refractive index detection, from the eluent of an HPLC system or, e.g., flame ionization detection ("FID") or thermal conductivity detection, from the eluent of a gas chromatograph, or other detector response, e.g., the UV absorbance of spots on a fluorescent TLC plate.
• the position of the reference standard may be used to calculate the relative retention time for cinacalcet salts and impurities of cinacalcet salts.
• the present invention provides a cinacalcet impurity, cinacalcet carbamate ("CNC-carbamate”), having a molecular weight of 401g/mole as measured by mass spectroscopy (“MS”) analysis, and having the formula.
• CNC-carbamate cinacalcet carbamate
• MS mass spectroscopy
• the CNC-carbamate of the present invention may be characterized by data selected from a 1 H NMR spectrum having hydrogen chemical shifts at about 1.67, 1.95, 2.73, 4.12, 5.11, 5.68, and 7.35-8.15 ppm; a 13 CNMR spectrum having carbon chemical shifts at about 21.59, 30.42, 31.96, 46.58, 63.99, 122.16-142.23, and 155.63 ppm; and by a retention time ("RT") of about 22-23 minutes in HPLC analysis or relative retention time (“RRT”) of about 2.6, such as the one described herein below.
• CNC-carbamate may form in the synthesis of cinacalcet base for example, by the processes disclosed in U.S. Provisional Applications Nos. 60/681,671 and 60/702,918. This process comprises combining mesylate (FTOMs) of formula II:
• R-NEA (R)-Na ⁇ htylethyl amine
• the CNC base can be further reacted with an acid to form cinacalcet salt.
• the selected cinacalcet salt may be any salt that has a pKa lower than the pKa of cinacalcet base.
• Appropriate acids that can be used to form such salts may be HCl, HBr, H 2 SO 4 , oxalic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid and citric acid. More preferably, the cinacalcet salt is cinacalcet HCl.
• CNC-carbamate may be formed in various amounts while using different solvents during the synthesis of the cinacalcet base as shown in Table 1.
• isolated CNC-carbamate is provided.
• CNC-carbamate formed during the synthesis of cinacalcet base may be isolated by subjecting the cinacalcet base that contains the CNC-carbamate to column chromatography.
• the column chromatography comprises using a silica gel, as a stationary phase, and a gradient of eluents that remove CNC-carbamate from the column on which it adsorbed, starting from 100 percent n-hexane to 20 percent ethyl acetate/80 percent n-hexane over a period of 10 minutes.
• the stationary phase a solid adsorbent
• a liquid is added to the top and flows down through the column (by either gravity or external pressure).
• Column chromatography is generally used as a purification technique; it isolates desired compounds from a mixture.
• the mixture to be analyzed by column chromatography is applied to the top of the column.
• the liquid solvent (the eluent) is passed through the column by gravity or by the application of air pressure. Equilibrium is established between the solute adsorbed on the adsorbent and the mobile phase flowing down through the column.
• the different components in the mixture have different interactions with the stationary and mobile phases, they will be carried along with the mobile phase to varying degrees and a separation will be achieved.
• the individual components, or eluents, are collected as the solvent drips from the bottom of the column.
• the present invention provides cinacalcet salt having
• the cinacalcet salt is cinacalcet HCl.
• the present invention provides a method for preparing cinacalcet HCl containing CNC-carbamate in an amount of about 0.03 to about 0.15 area percent as measured by a chromatographic method, preferably HPLC or TLC comprising the steps of (a) dissolving cinacalcet base, containing cinacalcet carbamate in an amount of about 3 area percent to about 6 area percent as determined by a chromatographic method, in acetone, a linear or a branch-chain C 2-8 ether, mixtures thereof or with water; (b) admixing hydrogen chloride to obtain a precipitate; and (c) recovering the cinacalcet hydrochloride.
• a chromatographic method preferably HPLC or TLC comprising the steps of (a) dissolving cinacalcet base, containing cinacalcet carbamate in an amount of about 3 area percent to about 6 area percent as determined by a chromatographic method, in acetone, a linear or a branch-chain C 2-8 ether, mixtures thereof or with water; (
• the preferred solvent is acetone or methyl tert-butyl ether ("MTBE").
• the HCl added may be in the form of a gas or in an aqueous solution.
• the HCl is added as a gas.
• the gaseous HCl is added in an amount of about 1 to 2 equivalents relative to cinacalcet base.
• the reaction is at room temperature.
• the obtained cinacalcet HCl may be in crystalline form.
• CNC-carbamate as a reference marker or reference standard.
• cinacalcet carbamate as a reference marker for determining the presence of cinacalcet carbamate in cinacalcet base or salt is by the process comprising (a) determining the retention time by a column chromatographic method, such as HPLC or TLC, corresponding to the cinacalcet carbamate in a reference marker comprising CNC carbamate; (b) running a sample of cinacalcet base or salt on a column chromatography method; and (c) using the retention time in step (a) to identify the presence of cinacalcet carbamate in the sample.
• a column chromatographic method such as HPLC or TLC
• CNC carbamate in cinacalcet salt or a base comprising (a) using a chromatographic method such as HPLC or TLC to measure the area under a peak corresponding to CNC carbamate in a reference standard comprising a known amount of CNC carbamate; and (b) determining the level of CNC carbamate in the sample by comparing the area of step (a) to the area under the peak in a sample comprising a cinacalcet salt or base contaminated with CNC carbamate.
• a chromatographic method such as HPLC or TLC
• an HPLC method includes the steps of (a) combining a sample of CNC with a mixture of acetonitrile and water at a ratio of 1 :1 to obtain a solution; (b) injecting the solution into a 100 X 4.6 mm BDS Hypersil C-18 (or similar) column, which is maintained at room temperature; (c) gradually eluting the sample from the column using a mixture of buffer: acetonitrile at a ratio of 3:2 by volume, and acetonitrile and a mixture of buffer:acetonitrile:ethanol at a ratio of 2:9:9 as an eluent; and (d) measuring the amount of CNC carbamate in the relevant sample with a UV detector, preferably at a 243 nm wavelength.
• the prepared cinacalcet salt of step (d) is in an amount of about 0.03 area percent to about 0.15 area percent as determined by HPLC.
• step (a) contains more than about 3 area percent of CNC carbamate, according to the measurement in step (b), the sample may be purified, prior to performing step (c).
• the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising cinacalcet base or salts having about 0.03 percent to about 0.15 percent area by HPLC of cinacalcet carbamate, optionally prepared by any of the methods mentioned above; and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• the present invention provides a process for preparing a pharmaceutical composition comprising combining cinacalcet salt having about 0.03 percent to about 0.15 percent area by HPLC of CNC-carbamate with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• Injection volume 10 ⁇ l.
• Samples of cinacalcet HCl are prepared by weighing accurately about 1 Omg of cinacalcet HCl into a 50ml volumetric flask, dissolving and diluting to volume with diluent. Samples are then injected into the HPLC column, continuing the chromatogram up to the end of the gradient. The area of each impurity is determined using a suitable integrator.
• a sample of CNC was combined with a mixture of acetonitrile and water at a ratio of 1 : 1 to obtain a solution.
• the solution was injected into a 100 X 4.6 mm BDS Hypersil C- 18 (or similar) column, at room temperature.
• the sample was gradually eluted from the column using a mixture of buffer: acetonitrile at a ratio of 3:2 by volume, and acetonitrile and a mixture of buffer:acetonitrile:ethanol at a ratio of 2:9:9 as an eluent; and measuring the amount of CNC carbamate, in the relevant sample with a UV detector, preferably at a 243 nm wavelength.
• CNC-carbamate was isolated by column chromatography on Silica gel; gradient of eluent: 100 percent n-hexane — 20 percent ethyl acetate/ 80 percent n- hexane during 10 minutes.
• Cinacalcet base (2.Og) prepared according to Example 1 was dissolved in acetone (4ml) at room temperature. Then IN HCl (1.5 eq.) and water (40ml) were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours to obtain a precipitate. The product was isolated by filtration, washed with water (10ml) and dried at 5O 0 C in a vacuum oven for 24 hours to obtain 1.75g of cinacalcet hydrochloride containing less than 0.15 area percent of CNC-carbamate as measured by HPLC. (purity by HPLC 99.9 percent).
• CNC base (3.15g) was dissolved in MTBE (15vol.) at room temperature.
• HCl gas was bubbled into the obtained solution until no further crystallization of cinacalcet hydrochloride was observed.
• the slurry was stirred at room temperature for an additional 1 hour.
• the product was then isolated by filtration, washed with MTBE (2 x 2ml) and dried in a vacuum oven at 5O 0 C for 16 hours to obtain 1.93g of CNC HCl containing less than 0.1 area percent of CNC-carbamate by HPLC.
• CNC base (3.Og) was dissolved in MTBE (20vol.) at room temperature.
• HCl gas was bubbled into the obtained solution until no further crystallization of cinacalcet hydrochloride was observed.
• the slurry was stirred at room temperature for an additional 1 hour.
• the product was then isolated by filtration, washed with MTBE (2 x 2ml) and dried in a vacuum oven at 5O 0 C for 15 hours to obtain 2.08g of CNC HCl containing less than 0.1 area percent of CNC carbamate by HPLC.

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