WO2006106670A1 - スピネル焼結体、光透過窓および光透過レンズ - Google Patents
スピネル焼結体、光透過窓および光透過レンズ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006106670A1 WO2006106670A1 PCT/JP2006/306296 JP2006306296W WO2006106670A1 WO 2006106670 A1 WO2006106670 A1 WO 2006106670A1 JP 2006306296 W JP2006306296 W JP 2006306296W WO 2006106670 A1 WO2006106670 A1 WO 2006106670A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sintered body
- light
- spinel sintered
- spinel
- light transmission
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/02—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of crystals, e.g. rock-salt, semi-conductors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/44—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminates
- C04B35/443—Magnesium aluminate spinel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
- C04B35/6455—Hot isostatic pressing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5053—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials non-oxide ceramics
- C04B41/5055—Fluorides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/87—Ceramics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/80—Optical properties, e.g. transparency or reflexibility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5409—Particle size related information expressed by specific surface values
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/604—Pressing at temperatures other than sintering temperatures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/608—Green bodies or pre-forms with well-defined density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
- C04B2235/6581—Total pressure below 1 atmosphere, e.g. vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
- C04B2235/661—Multi-step sintering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
- C04B2235/786—Micrometer sized grains, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/79—Non-stoichiometric products, e.g. perovskites (ABO3) with an A/B-ratio other than 1
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
- C04B2235/9607—Thermal properties, e.g. thermal expansion coefficient
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
- C04B2235/9646—Optical properties
- C04B2235/9653—Translucent or transparent ceramics other than alumina
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spinel sintered body excellent in linear transmittance, deflection characteristics, and heat dissipating properties that can meet the needs of future electronic devices.
- the present invention also relates to a light transmissive window and a light transmissive lens for a light emitting device using a spinel sintered body.
- peripheral components used in electronic devices are also required to have high characteristics.
- a light transmissive lens and a light transmissive window for an electronic device are required to have a high linear transmittance and to use a material having excellent polarization characteristics so as to transmit a high-density optical signal.
- electronic devices are affected by the subtle heat generation and their functional stability is affected, it is important to use materials with excellent heat dissipation.
- sapphire As an optical material excellent in heat dissipation, sapphire has been conventionally known.
- Sapphire is a material that consists of a single crystal of alumina and has a high thermal conductivity of 42 WZ (m'K).
- m'K thermal conductivity
- sapphire is expensive, has a hexagonal crystal structure, and exhibits optical anisotropy. Therefore, when used in a transmission window for polarizing optical equipment, sapphire has an incident polarization direction. Therefore, it is necessary to align the crystal axes of sapphire, which takes time for mounting and increases the manufacturing cost.
- Quartz glass is known as a material excellent in polarization characteristics and linear transmittance.
- quartz glass has a thermal conductivity as small as 0.01 WZ (m'K) to 0.9 WZ (m'K), and therefore does not have sufficient heat dissipation.
- m'K 0.01 WZ
- m'K 0.9 WZ
- the spinel sintered body is composed of Al 2 O and MgO, and the crystal type is cubic.
- the composition ratio of Al 2 O and MgO is 0.53: 0.47 to 0.58: 0.42
- This material is introduced as having good linear transmittance (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-121158 (Patent Document 1)).
- This composition ratio is expressed as AI O 'nMgO, where n is 1.127 to 1.381
- After forming the raw material powder it is obtained by performing normal pressure sintering at 1700 ° C to 1800 ° C for 10 hours to 20 hours in a hydrogen atmosphere.
- Mg O when sintering in a hydrogen atmosphere, Mg O evaporates at a temperature of 1400 ° C or higher. To obtain a spinel sintered body with high transmission efficiency, MgO is completely evaporated. It is better to evaporate 10% or more of MgO contained in the raw material powder than to suppress it. Also, when sintering in air or N, N gas is taken into the closed pores and the pores
- the sintering is preferably performed in a hydrogen atmosphere because the transmitted light is scattered in all cases and the transmission efficiency is lowered.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-121158
- An object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive spinel sintered body having low polarization and high thermal conductivity. Another object of the present invention is to provide a light transmissive window and a light transmissive lens for a useful light emitting device.
- the spinel sintered body of the present invention has an arrangement in which the amount of light transmission in an arrangement sandwiched between two polarizing plates whose polarization directions are parallel is arranged between two polarizing plates whose polarization directions are orthogonal to each other.
- the contrast value by white light is 300 or more, and the contrast value is preferably 1000 or more.
- This sintered body has a composition of MgO-nAl 2 O, n force 1.05 to L30, and preferably S force, ⁇ , 1.07 to L1
- the linear transmittance for light with a wavelength of 500 nm is preferred, and the linear transmittance with a light with a wavelength of 500 nm is more preferable than 70%. It is preferably 0% or more. Furthermore, those having a thermal conductivity of 12 WZ (mK) or more are suitable.
- the light transmissive window and the light transmissive lens for the light emitting device of the present invention are characterized by using a spinel sintered body. Further, the light transmission window of the liquid crystal panel and the digital micromirror device of the present invention is characterized by using a spinel sintered body.
- a spinel sintered body having high contrast value, linear light transmittance, and high thermal conductivity can be provided.
- the spinel sintered body of the present invention is characterized in that the contrast value by white light is 300 or more.
- Polarization characteristics are measured by placing two polarizing plates perpendicular to the optical axis, and then sandwiching a sample between the two polarizing plates, and the polarization direction of each polarizing plate is parallel.
- the amount of transmission A and the amount of light transmission B when the polarization direction of the polarizing plate is perpendicular can be measured with a CCD, and the contrast value can be obtained by A ⁇ B.
- the spinel sintered body Since the spinel sintered body has a cubic crystal structure, it has excellent polarization characteristics and ideally has no optical anisotropy, but in reality, oxygen defects in the crystal, variations in the crystal lattice, distortion, etc. As a result, the polarization characteristics deteriorate.
- the spinel sintered body of the present invention is controlled by white light.
- the last value is 300 or more, preferably 1000 or more. Therefore, since it has the same polarization characteristics as glass, the mounting cost is low, which requires less effort such as aligning the crystal axis with the polarization direction during mounting. In addition, it is cheaper than sapphire and is mass-produced.
- composition of the spinel sintered body is MgO'nAlO, and n is 1.05 to 1.30.
- the polarization characteristics can be improved.
- the spinel sintered body is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more in terms of linear transmittance force thickness lmm by light having a wavelength of 500 nm (visible light). Further, the spinel sintered body is preferably 60% or more, more preferably 70% or more, with a linear transmittance power thickness lmm of 350 nm light (ultraviolet light).
- the linear transmittance is a ratio of the intensity of transmitted light to the intensity of incident light on a straight line parallel to the optical axis of incident light. Therefore, the higher the linear transmittance with respect to the electromagnetic wave of each wavelength, the stronger transmitted light is obtained, and the light energy absorbed by the transmitting lens or transmission window is smaller. Therefore, heat generation of the lens or transmission window is reduced. Can be suppressed.
- the spinel sintered body preferably has a thermal conductivity of 12W / (m-K) or more, more preferably 16W / (m'K) or more. Since such a spinel sintered body is excellent in heat dissipation, it is suitable as an optical window material that also serves as a heat sink corresponding to high density and high output of an electro-optical device.
- the spinel sintered body of the present invention has a large linear transmittance and good polarization characteristics, it can transmit a high-density optical signal.
- the sintered body is excellent in heat dissipation because heat generated by light from the light source is small and thermal conductivity is large. Therefore, it is suitable as a material for a light transmissive window or a light transmissive lens for a light emitting device such as a light emitting diode (LED), a laser device, a liquid crystal projector, a rear projection television, or a digital micromirror device.
- a light emitting device such as a light emitting diode (LED), a laser device, a liquid crystal projector, a rear projection television, or a digital micromirror device.
- the digital micromirror device is a reflective optical element developed by Texas Instruments, Inc., which is a projector light processing technology, DLP (Dig It is used for ital light processing technology, and the transmission window of this element requires high light transmission with high heat dissipation and low optical anisotropy.
- composition of the spinel powder which is the starting material, is MgO'nAl O, and n is 1.05 to 1.30
- Mashigu 1. 07 ⁇ : L 125 is more preferable.
- Purity is a 99.7% or more, the specific surface area (BE T value), maintaining the activation, in that performing the sintering easily, 12m 2 / g or more preferably fixture is 20 m 2 Zg more More preferred.
- the specific surface area is preferably 70 m 2 / g or less from the viewpoint of preventing the raw material powder from becoming bulky and facilitating molding.
- a sintering aid such as LiF or CaF and an organic binder should not be added.
- V is preferred. This is because the purity of the raw material and the residues such as the binder in the molding chemistry process greatly affect the purity of the product. Therefore, even if organic noinda is blended, 1% or less is preferable, and 0.5% or less is more preferable. In addition, it is preferable to use an acrylic-based material that is easy to thermally decompose.
- the molding density is preferably 2. OgZcm 3 or more from the viewpoint of maintaining a filling density and increasing a contact area between grains during sintering so that a sufficient sintering density can be obtained.
- 2.5 gZcm 3 or less is appropriate in that the gas generated at the time of debinding and the adhered gas on the particle surface are easily discharged to the outside to remove impurities.
- the spinel sintered body of the present invention can be produced, for example, by atmospheric pressure sintering in an air atmosphere and hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Unlike sintering in a hydrogen atmosphere, by sintering in an air atmosphere, MgO can be prevented from scattering by oxygen partial pressure, so there is little variation in the amount of solid solution of AlO. Crystal lattice variation and distortion
- a spinel material of about 12m 2 Zg ⁇ 40m 2 Zg is molded by a press, the atmosphere, after pressureless sintering at 1450 ° C ⁇ 1650 ° C, an Ar atmosphere, 1500 ° C ⁇ 1700.
- C, HIP at 2 X 10 2 MPa for example, adding to a 10 mm X 10 mm X 1 mm product, with coating as needed.
- Molding density is 2. lgZcm 3 or more It is possible to produce a sintered body having an average particle size of 30 ⁇ m to 90 ⁇ m.
- the particle size was measured with an SEM at a magnification of 1500 times, photographing any five locations on the fractured surface of the sintered body, selecting five particles arbitrarily for each location, and measuring the longest outer diameter of each particle. The diameter is obtained by arithmetically averaging these 25 data. The same applies to the following.
- the spinel sintered body of the present invention can also be produced, for example, by pressure sintering in a vacuum atmosphere and HIP. Since pressure forming in a vacuum atmosphere is performed in a highly airtight carbon case, it is possible to suppress the scattering of MgO, reduce the variation in the solid solution amount of AlO, and microscopically.
- a spinel material of about 12m 2 Zg ⁇ 20m 2 Zg is molded by a press, a vacuum atmosphere, 1350. C-1550. After pressure forming with C, 1600 in Ar atmosphere.
- This is a method of processing products after performing HIP at C to 1700 ° C and 2 X 10 2 MPa, coating as necessary, and sintering with an average particle size of 20 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m The body can be manufactured.
- metal oxide F, LaF, CeF, BaF, etc. can be preferably used. Also as metal oxide
- the coating layer is preferably SiO, TiO, Al 2 O, Y 2 O, Ta 2 O, ZrO, or the like.
- the coating layer is
- the thickness is preferably up to 5 m.
- a physical vapor deposition method can be used.
- the coating can be performed by a sputtering method, an ion plating method, a vacuum vapor deposition method, or the like.
- the combined use of ion assist and plasma assist improves membrane performance.
- the contrast value was measured with a polarizing microscope (BX-1 manufactured by Olympus Corporation) at a magnification of 100 times with respect to a white light source. Five samples each polished to a thickness of lmm were prepared, and arbitrary five locations were selected per sheet, measured, and averaged.
- the linear transmittance was measured with a spectrophotometer, and the linear transmittance at a thickness of 1 mm was measured for incident light with a wavelength of 350 nm, 500 nm, lOOOnm, and 4500 ⁇ m.
- the thermal conductivity was measured by the laser flash method with carbon coated on both sides through which the laser beam passes. Table 1 shows the measurement results.
- a spinel sintered body was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that powder was used, and the contrast value, linear transmittance, and thermal conductivity were measured. Table 1 shows the measurement results.
- the spinel sintered body having a contrast value of 300 or more had good polarization characteristics, and n was in the range of 1.05 to L30.
- These spinel sintered bodies had a linear transmittance of 70% or more for light having a wavelength of 500 nm, and a linear transmittance of 60% or more for light having a wavelength of 350 nm.
- the thermal conductivity was 12WZ (m'K) or more.
- the spinel sintered body having a contrast value of 1000 or more has n in the range of 1.07 to L 125, the linear transmittance by light having a wavelength of 500 nm is 80% or more, and the wavelength of 350 ⁇ The linear transmittance by m rays was over 80%.
- the thermal conductivity was 17 W / (m-K) or more.
- the plate-like spinel sintered body produced in Example 1 is incorporated into a liquid crystal panel as a light transmission window, and the wavelength is 350 ⁇ ! Image evaluation was performed in the range of ⁇ 4500 nm.
- the plate-like spinel sintered body produced in Comparative Example 1 was incorporated into a liquid crystal panel as a transmission window, and the wavelength was 350 ⁇ ! Image evaluation was performed in the range of ⁇ 4500 nm.
- Example 3 The spinel sintered body of Example 1 was coated with a low refractive index material made of MgF to a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m in order to suppress reflection and improve light transmittance.
- the spinel sintered body of Comparative Example 1 was coated with a low refractive index material made of MgF with a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m, as in Example 3. And real
- the spinel sintered body produced in Example 1 was incorporated as a light transmission window of a blue laser with an output of 120 mW, mounted on a CAN type package, and the gain factor was evaluated.
- the gain rate was aimed at 5% or more.
- the spinel sintered body produced in Comparative Example 1 was incorporated as a light transmission window of a blue laser with an output of 120 mW in the same manner as in Example 4, mounted in a CAN type package, and the gain factor was evaluated.
- the gain factor As a result, a correlation between the gain factor and the thermal conductivity of the spinel sintered body was recognized.
- the thermal conductivity was less than 12 WZ (m-K)
- the gain factor became 4.2% or less due to the heat generation of the laser element itself, and it was impossible to put it to practical use because the lifetime of the laser element was short.
- the thermal conductivity of the spinel sintered body is in the range of 12WZ (m ⁇ ⁇ ) to 15WZ (m-K)
- the gain factor is 5.3% to 5.5%, reaching the practical level.
- 15WZ (m'K) or higher the gain factor was 5.8% or higher, further improving the heat dissipation characteristics and improving reliability.
- Example 5 The spinel sintered body produced in Example 1 was incorporated as a transmission lens for condensing violet light in an LED with an output of 35 mW, mounted in a CAN type package, and the gain factor was evaluated. The gain rate was aimed at 15% or more. [0045] (Comparative Example 5)
- the spinel sintered body produced in Comparative Example 1 was incorporated as a transmission lens for condensing violet light in an LED lamp with an output of 35 mW in the same manner as Example 5, mounted in a CAN type package, and the gain factor was evaluated. .
- the obtained spinel sintered body was polycrystallized at 1665 ° C. and 2 ⁇ 10 2 MPa in an Ar atmosphere using HIP. Thereafter, the plate-like body having a thickness of 1 mm was polished and the contrast value, linear transmittance and thermal conductivity were measured. The linear transmittance was measured with incident light at wavelengths of 350 nm, 500 nm, lOOOnm and 4500 nm. The results are shown in Table 2.
- a spinel sintered body was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the powder was used, and the contrast value, linear transmittance, and thermal conductivity were measured. Table 2 shows the measurement results.
- the spinel sintered body having a contrast value of 300 or more had good polarization characteristics, and n was in the range of 1.05 to L30.
- These spinel sintered bodies had a linear transmittance of 70% or more for light having a wavelength of 500 nm, and a linear transmittance of 60% or more for light having a wavelength of 350 nm.
- the thermal conductivity was 12WZ (m'K) or more.
- the spinel sintered body having a contrast value of 1000 or more has n in the range of 1.07 to L 125, the linear transmittance by light having a wavelength of 500 nm is 80% or more, and the wavelength of 350 ⁇ The linear transmittance by m rays was over 70%.
- the thermal conductivity was 17 W / (m-K) or more.
- the plate-like spinel sintered body produced in Example 6 was incorporated into a liquid crystal panel as a light transmission window, and the wavelength was 350 ⁇ ! Images were evaluated in the range of ⁇ 4500 nm.
- the plate-like spinel sintered body produced in Comparative Example 6 was incorporated into a liquid crystal panel as a transmission window, and a wavelength of 350 ⁇ ! Images were evaluated in the range of ⁇ 4500 nm.
- Example 8 The spinel sintered body of Example 6 was coated with a low refractive index material made of MgF to a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m in order to suppress reflection and improve light transmittance, and was the same as Example 7.
- the spinel sintered body of Comparative Example 6 was coated with a low refractive index material made of MgF with a thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m in the same manner as in Example 8 in order to suppress reflection and improve light transmission. And real
- n l. 05-:
- the spinel sintered body produced in Example 6 was incorporated as a transmission window of a blue laser with an output of 130 mW, mounted in a CAN type package, and the gain factor was evaluated. We aimed for a gain rate of 5% or more.
- the spinel sintered body produced in Comparative Example 6 was incorporated as a transmission window of a blue laser with an output of 130 mW, mounted in a CAN type package, and the gain factor was evaluated.
- the spinel sintered body produced in Example 6 was incorporated as a transmission lens for condensing violet light in an LED with an output of 35 mW, mounted in a CAN type package, and the gain factor was evaluated.
- the gain ratio was aimed at 15% or more.
- a light transmission window and a light transmission lens for a light emitting device such as a light emitting diode, a laser device, or a liquid crystal projector can be provided. Since the light transmission window and the light transmission lens have high linear transmittance and excellent polarization characteristics, a high-density optical signal can be transmitted and heat dissipation is excellent.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2006800106847A CN101151225B (zh) | 2005-03-30 | 2006-03-28 | 尖晶石烧结体、光透过窗以及光透过透镜 |
US11/910,229 US7741238B2 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2006-03-28 | Spinel sintered body, light transmitting window and light transmitting lens |
EP06730244A EP1873129A4 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2006-03-28 | SPINEL SINTERED BODY, LIGHT TRANSMISSION WINDOW AND LIGHT TRANSMISSION LINSE |
US12/776,215 US8097550B2 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2010-05-07 | Spinel sintered body, light transmitting window and light transmitting lens |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005097526A JP2006273679A (ja) | 2005-03-30 | 2005-03-30 | スピネル焼結体、光透過窓および光透過レンズ |
JP2005-097526 | 2005-03-30 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/910,229 A-371-Of-International US7741238B2 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2006-03-28 | Spinel sintered body, light transmitting window and light transmitting lens |
US12/776,215 Continuation US8097550B2 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2010-05-07 | Spinel sintered body, light transmitting window and light transmitting lens |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006106670A1 true WO2006106670A1 (ja) | 2006-10-12 |
Family
ID=37073236
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2006/306296 WO2006106670A1 (ja) | 2005-03-30 | 2006-03-28 | スピネル焼結体、光透過窓および光透過レンズ |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7741238B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1873129A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2006273679A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20080000576A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101151225B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006106670A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2116519A1 (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2009-11-11 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Spinel sintered body, method for producing the same, transparent substrate, and liquid crystal projector |
JP2009280455A (ja) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-12-03 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 透明多結晶スピネル基板とその製造方法、および電気光学装置 |
JPWO2018066636A1 (ja) * | 2016-10-05 | 2019-07-04 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 透明スピネル焼結体、光学部材並びに透明スピネル焼結体の製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090029071A1 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2009-01-29 | Sei Hybrid Products, Inc | Transparent Spinel Substrate, Transparent Substrate for Optical Engine, Rear Projection Television Receiver Using Them and Image Projector Using Liquid Crystal |
WO2008090909A1 (ja) * | 2007-01-23 | 2008-07-31 | World Lab. Co., Ltd. | 透明スピネルセラミックス及びその製造方法ならびにその透明スピネルセラミックスを用いた光学材料 |
FI20070898A0 (fi) * | 2007-11-23 | 2007-11-23 | Juha Pulkkinen | Uudet estrogeeniaktiivisuutta omaavat beeta-hydroksiketonit ja beeta-alkoksiketonit |
JP2009126750A (ja) | 2007-11-26 | 2009-06-11 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 多結晶透明セラミックス基板の製造方法およびスピネル基板の製造方法 |
JP2009126749A (ja) | 2007-11-26 | 2009-06-11 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 透明多結晶スピネル基板とその製造方法および前記基板を用いた光学製品 |
EP2371784B1 (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2018-05-16 | Inter-University Research Institute Corporation National Institutes of Natural Sciences | Optical material and production process for the same |
JP5435397B2 (ja) | 2009-04-02 | 2014-03-05 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | スピネル製光透過用窓材及びその製造方法 |
IN2014CN04116A (ja) * | 2011-11-07 | 2015-07-10 | Ceramtec Etec Gmbh | |
KR20150097714A (ko) * | 2012-12-19 | 2015-08-26 | 세람텍-에텍 게엠베하 | 세라믹 재료 |
DE102014210071A1 (de) | 2014-05-27 | 2015-12-03 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Transparente Spinellkeramiken und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
US9309156B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 | 2016-04-12 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Transparent spinel ceramics and method for the production thereof |
EP2949633B1 (de) | 2014-05-27 | 2019-04-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Transparente Spinellkeramiken und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
KR102066530B1 (ko) | 2014-05-27 | 2020-01-15 | 프라운호퍼-게젤샤프트 추르 푀르데룽 데어 안제반텐 포르슝 에 파우 | 투명 스피넬 세라믹 및 그 제조방법 |
JP6269827B2 (ja) * | 2014-05-30 | 2018-01-31 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 液晶タッチパネル保護板 |
KR20170048402A (ko) * | 2014-09-12 | 2017-05-08 | 스미토모덴키고교가부시키가이샤 | 액정 보호판 및 액정 보호판의 제조 방법 |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5527837A (en) * | 1978-08-14 | 1980-02-28 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Polycrystal transparent spinel sintered article and its manufacture |
JPS59121158A (ja) * | 1982-12-27 | 1984-07-13 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 多結晶透明スピネル焼結体の製造法 |
JPS6272556A (ja) * | 1985-09-25 | 1987-04-03 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 緻密な多結晶MgAl↓2O↓4スピネルの製造方法 |
JPH01286956A (ja) * | 1988-05-13 | 1989-11-17 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 透光性スピネル焼結体の製造方法 |
JPH0248462A (ja) * | 1988-08-09 | 1990-02-19 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 透光性スピネル焼結体の製造方法 |
JP2001281053A (ja) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-10 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | セラミックス赤外線センサー |
JP2003075912A (ja) * | 2001-09-06 | 2003-03-12 | Sony Corp | 液晶プロジェクターおよびその組立方法 |
JP2004079963A (ja) * | 2002-08-22 | 2004-03-11 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 光半導体気密封止容器及びその製造方法、並びに光半導体モジュール |
JP2005070734A (ja) * | 2003-08-05 | 2005-03-17 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 液晶パネル用透明基板 |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6473316A (en) | 1987-09-14 | 1989-03-17 | Canon Kk | Liquid crystal device |
JP2620288B2 (ja) | 1988-03-09 | 1997-06-11 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 透光性スピネル焼結体の製造方法 |
JPH0416552A (ja) * | 1990-05-02 | 1992-01-21 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 透光性スピネル焼結体及びその製造方法 |
JPH08286146A (ja) | 1995-04-04 | 1996-11-01 | Projectavision Inc | 高効率ライトバルブ投射システム |
JP3372482B2 (ja) | 1998-05-29 | 2003-02-04 | シャープ株式会社 | 透過型液晶表示装置 |
JP2002090873A (ja) | 2000-09-11 | 2002-03-27 | Sharp Corp | 投写型表示装置 |
JP3703737B2 (ja) * | 2001-05-30 | 2005-10-05 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光半導体気密封止容器及び光半導体モジュール |
JP2003131164A (ja) | 2001-10-24 | 2003-05-08 | Hitachi Ltd | 映像表示素子、及びそれを用いた映像表示装置 |
US6878456B2 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2005-04-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Co. | Polycrystalline translucent alumina-based ceramic material, uses, and methods |
JP3793153B2 (ja) * | 2002-12-27 | 2006-07-05 | 株式会社東芝 | 光情報記録装置 |
US20040266605A1 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2004-12-30 | Villalobos Guillermo R. | Spinel and process for making same |
JP2005208079A (ja) | 2004-01-19 | 2005-08-04 | Sony Corp | 液晶表示素子及び同素子を用いた液晶プロジェクタ装置 |
JP2005208165A (ja) | 2004-01-20 | 2005-08-04 | Sony Corp | 液晶表示素子及び同素子を用いた液晶プロジェクタ装置 |
DE102004004259B3 (de) * | 2004-01-23 | 2005-11-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Transparente polykristalline Sinterkeramik kubischer Kristallstruktur |
-
2005
- 2005-03-30 JP JP2005097526A patent/JP2006273679A/ja active Pending
-
2006
- 2006-03-28 KR KR1020077022235A patent/KR20080000576A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-03-28 US US11/910,229 patent/US7741238B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-28 CN CN2006800106847A patent/CN101151225B/zh active Active
- 2006-03-28 EP EP06730244A patent/EP1873129A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-03-28 WO PCT/JP2006/306296 patent/WO2006106670A1/ja active Application Filing
-
2010
- 2010-05-07 US US12/776,215 patent/US8097550B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5527837A (en) * | 1978-08-14 | 1980-02-28 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Polycrystal transparent spinel sintered article and its manufacture |
JPS59121158A (ja) * | 1982-12-27 | 1984-07-13 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 多結晶透明スピネル焼結体の製造法 |
JPS6272556A (ja) * | 1985-09-25 | 1987-04-03 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 緻密な多結晶MgAl↓2O↓4スピネルの製造方法 |
JPH01286956A (ja) * | 1988-05-13 | 1989-11-17 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 透光性スピネル焼結体の製造方法 |
JPH0248462A (ja) * | 1988-08-09 | 1990-02-19 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 透光性スピネル焼結体の製造方法 |
JP2001281053A (ja) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-10 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | セラミックス赤外線センサー |
JP2003075912A (ja) * | 2001-09-06 | 2003-03-12 | Sony Corp | 液晶プロジェクターおよびその組立方法 |
JP2004079963A (ja) * | 2002-08-22 | 2004-03-11 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 光半導体気密封止容器及びその製造方法、並びに光半導体モジュール |
JP2005070734A (ja) * | 2003-08-05 | 2005-03-17 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 液晶パネル用透明基板 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP1873129A4 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2116519A1 (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2009-11-11 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Spinel sintered body, method for producing the same, transparent substrate, and liquid crystal projector |
EP2116519A4 (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2011-03-09 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | SPINELLE SINTERED BODY, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, TRANSPARENT SUBSTRATE, AND LIQUID CRYSTAL PROJECTOR |
JP2009280455A (ja) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-12-03 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 透明多結晶スピネル基板とその製造方法、および電気光学装置 |
JPWO2018066636A1 (ja) * | 2016-10-05 | 2019-07-04 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 透明スピネル焼結体、光学部材並びに透明スピネル焼結体の製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101151225A (zh) | 2008-03-26 |
EP1873129A4 (en) | 2011-04-13 |
CN101151225B (zh) | 2012-04-18 |
KR20080000576A (ko) | 2008-01-02 |
JP2006273679A (ja) | 2006-10-12 |
US20090067077A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
US20100220393A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
US8097550B2 (en) | 2012-01-17 |
US7741238B2 (en) | 2010-06-22 |
EP1873129A1 (en) | 2008-01-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2006106670A1 (ja) | スピネル焼結体、光透過窓および光透過レンズ | |
TWI663141B (zh) | 光波長轉換構件及發光裝置 | |
JP4830911B2 (ja) | スピネル焼結体、その製造方法、透明基板と液晶プロジェクター | |
US20090029071A1 (en) | Transparent Spinel Substrate, Transparent Substrate for Optical Engine, Rear Projection Television Receiver Using Them and Image Projector Using Liquid Crystal | |
WO2009113544A1 (ja) | 蛍光膜、蛍光膜の成膜方法、誘電体多層膜、光学素子、光学系、撮像ユニット、光学特性計測装置、光学特性測定方法、露光装置、露光方法、及びデバイスの製造方法 | |
WO2018159268A1 (ja) | 波長変換部材、光源及び照明装置 | |
WO2019004435A1 (ja) | 偏光板、およびそれを用いた画像表示装置ならびに移動体 | |
JP4832889B2 (ja) | 複屈折素子とその製造方法、液晶装置、及び投射型表示装置 | |
CN100366573C (zh) | 用于生产具有中等折射指数的光学层的蒸汽沉积材料 | |
CN110799863B (zh) | 波长转换构件及光源 | |
CN100582044C (zh) | 用于生产具有高折射指数的光学层的蒸汽沉积材料 | |
JP2008081377A (ja) | 透光性セラミックス | |
JP2018072607A (ja) | 光波長変換部材及び発光装置 | |
JP2005070734A (ja) | 液晶パネル用透明基板 | |
TW200401052A (en) | Below 160 nm optical lithography crystal materials and methods of making | |
JP2008097014A (ja) | 液晶パネル用透明基板 | |
CN113383253A (zh) | 波长转换部件及投影仪 | |
JP2007139814A (ja) | 位相差素子 | |
JP2018188354A (ja) | 光学部品、好ましくは耐劣化性を向上させた光学部品およびその製造方法 | |
US20100247812A1 (en) | Transparent polycrystalline spinel substrate and method of producing same, and optical article using said substrate | |
JP4253474B2 (ja) | 光学素子とその製造方法及びカラー液晶プロジェクター | |
WO2007049434A1 (ja) | 透光性セラミックおよびその製造方法、ならびに光学部品および光学装置 | |
JP2007065696A (ja) | 液晶プロジェクター用透明基板 | |
CN117623759A (zh) | 烧结体及其制造方法 | |
JP2007102242A (ja) | 液晶パネル |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200680010684.7 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 11910229 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 1020077022235 Country of ref document: KR |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2006730244 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: RU |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2006730244 Country of ref document: EP |