WO2005085882A1 - 周波数センサおよび半導体装置 - Google Patents
周波数センサおよび半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005085882A1 WO2005085882A1 PCT/JP2004/018146 JP2004018146W WO2005085882A1 WO 2005085882 A1 WO2005085882 A1 WO 2005085882A1 JP 2004018146 W JP2004018146 W JP 2004018146W WO 2005085882 A1 WO2005085882 A1 WO 2005085882A1
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- frequency
- frequency sensor
- semiconductor device
- clock signal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
- G01R23/02—Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage
- G01R23/06—Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage by converting frequency into an amplitude of current or voltage
- G01R23/09—Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage by converting frequency into an amplitude of current or voltage using analogue integrators, e.g. capacitors establishing a mean value by balance of input signals and defined discharge signals or leakage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a frequency sensor that can be used to prevent unauthorized analysis of a device requiring high security, such as an IC card, and a semiconductor device having the sensor.
- FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 are diagrams showing a conventional frequency sensor and its signal waveform.
- the frequency sensor includes an edge detection circuit 171, an n-bit counter (n is an integer of 2 or more) 172, and a state storage device 173.
- the reference clock signal 174 is input to the n-bit counter 172 and the state storage device 173.
- the clock input signal 175 is input to the edge detection circuit 171.
- the edge detection output signal 176 is output from the edge detection circuit 171 to the state storage device 173.
- the reset signal 177 is input to the edge detection circuit 171, the n-bit counter 172, and the state storage device 173.
- the state reset signal 178 is output from the n-bit counter 172 to the state storage device 173.
- the edge detection circuit 171 detects a rising edge of the clock input signal 175.
- the n-bit counter 172 is reset by the reset signal 177 and counts up by ⁇ 1 "at the rising edge of the reference clock signal 174.
- the state storage device 173 checks whether the count value reaches nL or not. If not, the count-up continues at the rising edge of the reference clock signal 174. If the count value reaches nL by continuing the count-up, it means that the count value is larger than Tmin, that is, the frequency is smaller than Fmin.
- the n-bit counter 172 outputs the state reset signal 178, and the state storage device 173 outputs the low frequency detection signal LF_Alarm.
- the count value has not reached nL but the rising edge of the clock input signal 175 If detected, the state storage device 173 checks whether the count value is less than nH. If the count value is smaller than nH, the clock input signal 175 indicates that the frequency is higher than the allowable frequency, and the n-bit counter 172 is reset.
- the state storage device 173 outputs the high frequency detection signal HF_Alarm, and the initial processing power is repeated by the reset signal 177.
- the reference clock is generated and counted by the counter to detect whether or not the clock input signal is within the allowable frequency range.
- Patent Document 1 European Patent No. 1136830 (Pages 2-4, Fig. 14)
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-16281 (Pages 5-8, Figure 1-2)
- the setting of the frequency of the reference clock signal is set sufficiently higher than the frequency of the input clock signal so that the setting of the high-frequency detection frequency can be changed.
- the reference clock signal must be set to a frequency 10 times the maximum frequency specification of the input clock signal. Increasing the frequency of the reference clock signal in this manner is a problem because it increases power consumption.
- the reference clock When the frequency of the clock signal is increased, it is necessary to increase the number of counters in order to detect a low frequency, which causes a problem that the circuit scale is increased.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems of the related art, and provides a frequency sensor having a small current consumption and a small circuit scale, and a semiconductor device having such a frequency sensor. It is intended to be.
- the frequency sensor according to the present invention has a configuration in which the reference clock signal is not used and the capacitance and the resistance are used, and the frequency is detected based on the charging / discharging time for the capacitance.
- the frequency sensor according to claim 1 of the present invention includes a charging unit that charges a capacitor when an input clock signal is in a predetermined state, and a charging unit that charges the capacitor when the input clock signal is in an inverted state of the predetermined state.
- the frequency sensor according to claim 1 of the present invention is configured as described above, so that the input clock signal charges and discharges the capacitance, and the time constant determined by the capacitance and the resistance is the time constant of the input clock signal. Since the frequency is reflected, the frequency of the input clock signal can be detected without using a clock signal having a higher frequency than the input clock signal.
- the charging unit and the discharging unit are MOS transistors of opposite conductivity types. It is assumed that.
- the frequency sensor according to claim 2 of the present invention is configured as described above, and has a very small circuit configuration composed of a resistor, a capacitor, and two MOS transistors, so that only the input clock signal is used. Can be detected.
- the frequency sensor according to claim 3 of the present invention provides a first conductivity type first MOS transistor having an input clock signal input to the gate and a source connected to the first power supply potential, A second MOS transistor of a second conductivity type having an input clock signal input thereto and having a source connected to a second power supply potential; a resistor connected between the drains of the first and second MOS transistors; A capacitor connected between the drain of the second MOS transistor and the second power supply potential, wherein a terminal signal of a connection node between the capacitor and the resistor is provided. The frequency of the input clock signal is detected.
- the frequency sensor according to claim 3 of the present invention is configured as described above, so that the frequency can be detected only by the input clock signal.
- an inverter whose input is connected to a connection node between the capacitor and the resistor, and a gate are provided.
- a third MOS transistor of a second conductivity type having a drain connected to the input of the inverter, a source connected to the second power supply potential, and a drain connected to the output of the inverter; The frequency of the input clock signal is detected by an output signal of the inverter instead of a terminal signal of a connection node.
- the inverter and the third MOS transistor accelerate the change of the terminal signal at the connection node between the capacitance and the resistance, by being configured as described above.
- the time required for frequency detection can be reduced.
- a switch for switching between enabling and disabling a resistor instead of the resistor is provided in the frequency sensor according to claim 1 or 3.
- a resistor block having a switch-equipped resistor is provided in the frequency sensor according to claim 1 or 3.
- the resistance value can be adjusted, and the time constant can be easily changed.
- a switch for switching between enabling and disabling a capacity is used instead of the capacity.
- the present invention is characterized in that a capacity block having a capacity with a switch is provided.
- a frequency sensor according to claim 7 of the present invention is characterized in that, in the frequency sensor according to claim 5, the switch is configured by a fuse.
- a frequency sensor according to claim 8 of the present invention is characterized in that, in the frequency sensor according to claim 6, the switch is configured by a fuse.
- the setting of the switch for realizing the required time constant can be fixed by cutting the fuse.
- the switch is set to ON / OFF by data stored in a nonvolatile memory. It is characterized by the following.
- the frequency sensor according to claim 10 of the present invention is the frequency sensor according to claim 6, wherein ON / OFF of the switch is set by data stored in a nonvolatile memory. It is assumed that.
- a frequency sensor according to claim 11 of the present invention includes two frequency sensors according to claim 1 or 3, wherein one of the frequency sensors has the clock signal force and the other has a frequency signal of The inverted signal of the clock signal is input.
- the frequency sensor according to claim 11 of the present invention is configured as described above, so that both the high period and the low period of the clock signal have a frequency higher than the allowable range or a low frequency. , The frequency can be detected.
- the frequency sensor according to claim 12 of the present invention is the frequency sensor according to claim 1 or 3, further comprising a self-diagnosis unit that checks whether the frequency sensor operates normally or not. It is characterized by the following.
- the self-diagnosis unit includes a high-frequency generation circuit that generates a high frequency from the input clock signal; A switching unit for switching an input signal between the input clock signal and a high-frequency clock signal output from the high-frequency generation circuit; and detecting whether or not the frequency sensor operates normally by detecting a detection signal of the frequency sensor. And a judgment circuit for judging the condition.
- the frequency sensor according to claim 13 of the present invention is configured as described above to generate a high-frequency signal inside the self-diagnosis unit and to perform self-diagnosis as to whether the frequency sensor is operating normally. It becomes possible.
- the self-diagnosis unit includes a low-frequency generation circuit that generates a low frequency from the input clock signal.
- a switching unit that switches a signal input to the frequency sensor between the input clock signal and a low-frequency clock signal output from the low-frequency generation circuit.
- a determination circuit that detects a detection signal of the frequency sensor to determine whether or not the frequency sensor operates normally.
- the frequency sensor according to claim 14 of the present invention is configured as described above to generate a low-frequency signal inside the self-diagnosis unit and perform self-diagnosis as to whether the frequency sensor is operating normally. It is possible to do.
- a semiconductor device configured such that the frequency sensor according to claim 1 or 3 and the input clock signal are input, and the operation is controlled according to a detection signal of the frequency sensor. And a semiconductor device main body.
- a semiconductor device according to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention is the semiconductor device according to the fifteenth aspect, wherein the semiconductor device body is reset by the detection signal. .
- the semiconductor device according to claim 16 of the present invention is configured as described above, so that when a clock signal input to the semiconductor device deviates from an allowable frequency, the semiconductor device is automatically reset. As a result, security can be improved.
- a semiconductor device is the semiconductor device according to the fifteenth aspect, wherein the semiconductor device main body stops operating in response to the detection signal. is there.
- the semiconductor device according to claim 17 of the present invention is configured as described above, and automatically stops operation when a clock signal input to the semiconductor device deviates from an allowable frequency, Security can be enhanced.
- the semiconductor device body erases stored sensitive data stored by the detection signal. Alternatively, it is characterized by being destroyed.
- the semiconductor device according to claim 18 of the present invention is configured as described above, so that when a clock signal input to the semiconductor device deviates from an allowable frequency, confidentiality is automatically required. Data can be erased or destroyed, and security can be improved.
- the frequency sensor of the present invention can realize a frequency sensor with a small circuit scale by the above configuration.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a semiconductor device having a frequency sensor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing signal timings of a frequency sensor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a semiconductor device having a frequency sensor according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing signal timings of a frequency sensor according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 (a)] is a diagram showing a semiconductor device having a frequency sensor according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 (b) is a diagram showing a semiconductor device having a frequency sensor according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a resistance block of a frequency sensor according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a capacitance block of a frequency sensor according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a resistance block of a frequency sensor according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a capacitance block of a frequency sensor according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a resistance block of a frequency sensor according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a capacitance block of a frequency sensor according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 (a) is a diagram showing a semiconductor device having a frequency sensor according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 (b)] is a diagram showing a semiconductor device having a frequency sensor according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a frequency sensor according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing signal timings of a frequency sensor according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a frequency sensor according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing signal timings of a frequency sensor according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a conventional frequency sensor.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing signal timings of a conventional frequency sensor.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a semiconductor device having a built-in frequency sensor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- a semiconductor device 100 has a semiconductor device main body 100a, a frequency sensor 100b, and a result determination circuit.
- the frequency sensor 100b includes a resistance element 13, a capacitor 14, an inverter 15, a P-channel type MOS transistor 16 as a charging unit or a first conductivity type first MOS transistor, a discharging unit or a second conductivity type second MOS transistor.
- An N-channel MOS transistor 17 as a MOS transistor and an N-channel MOS transistor 18 as a third MOS transistor of the second conductivity type are provided.
- the clock signal input terminal 11 is for inputting a clock signal CLK to a semiconductor device 100 such as an IC card, etc., for which security is required.
- the high frequency detection signal output terminal 12 is for outputting the high frequency detection signal OUT1 from the frequency sensor 100b.
- the result determination circuit ⁇ determines whether the high frequency detection signal OUT1 indicates that a clock signal having a higher frequency than the original input clock signal is input to the semiconductor device, and controls the semiconductor device body 100a. It is.
- the output side of the inverter 15 is connected to the high frequency detection signal output terminal 12.
- One end of the capacitor 14 is grounded.
- the drain of the P-channel MOS transistor 16, one end of the resistor 13, the other end of the capacitor 14, the input side of the inverter 15, and the drain of the N-channel MOS transistor 18 are connected to the terminal signal of the capacitor or the connection between the capacitor and the resistor. Connected to each other at A 1 as a node.
- the source of the P-channel MOS transistor 16 is connected to the power supply voltage VDD as the first power supply potential, and the gate is connected to the clock signal input terminal n.
- the N-channel MOS transistor 17 has a source connected to the ground potential GND as the second power supply potential, a drain connected to the other end of the resistor 13, and a gate connected to the clock signal input terminal 11.
- the source of the N-channel type MOS transistor 18 is connected to the ground potential, and the gate side is connected to the output side of the S inverter 15 . Further, the clock signal CLK from the clock signal input terminal 11 is input to the semiconductor device body 100a.
- the P-channel MOS transistor 16 functioning as a charging unit turns off
- the N-channel MOS transistor 17 functioning as a discharging unit turns on
- the capacitance 14 Discharges.
- the potential at point A1 gradually decreases according to VDD * exp (-t / RC).
- R is the value of the resistance element 13
- C is the value of the capacitance 14, and * represents multiplication.
- the inverter 15 and the N-channel MOS transistor 18 accelerate the potential drop at the point A1.
- the lower limit level L is set according to the permitted frequency. This setting can be made by setting the value R of the resistance element 13 and the value C of the capacitance 14.
- the potential at the point A1 is It falls below the lower limit level L, which causes the high frequency detection signal OUT1 to output High indicating normal. If the frequency is higher than the allowed frequency, the potential at point A1 does not exceed the lower limit level, and a low signal indicating an error is output.
- X determines this and resets the semiconductor device body 100a, stops the operation, or erases or destroys sensitive data.
- the frequency sensor according to the first embodiment outputs Low indicating an abnormality from the high frequency detection signal output terminal 12 when the frequency is higher than the permitted frequency.
- the semiconductor device when a high frequency clock signal out of the allowable range is input, the result is determined by the result determination circuit ⁇ ⁇ to reset and operate the semiconductor device body 100a.
- the result determination circuit ⁇ ⁇ By configuring to stop or to erase or destroy sensitive data, a semiconductor device with high security can be realized.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a semiconductor device having a built-in frequency sensor according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- a semiconductor device 100 has a semiconductor device main body 100a, a frequency sensor 100c, and a result determination circuit 100y.
- the frequency sensor 100c has the same configuration as that of the frequency sensor 100b in Fig. 1 with an inverter 39 added thereto. That is, the frequency sensor 100c includes a resistor 33, a capacitor 34, inverters 35 and 39, a P-channel MOS transistor 36 functioning as a charging unit or a first MOS transistor of the first conductivity type, and a discharging unit. It has an N-channel MOS transistor 37 functioning as a second MOS transistor of the second conductivity type, and an N-channel MOS transistor 38 functioning as a third MOS transistor of the second conductivity type.
- the clock signal input terminal 31 is for inputting the clock signal CLK to the semiconductor device 100, such as an IC card, which requires security.
- the low frequency detection signal output terminal 32 is for outputting the low frequency detection signal OUT2 from this frequency sensor 100c.
- the result determination circuit 100y determines whether the low frequency detection signal OUT2 indicates that a clock signal having a lower frequency than the original input clock signal is input to the semiconductor device, and controls the semiconductor device body 100a. It is.
- the output side of the inverter 35 is connected to the input side of the inverter 39.
- One end of the capacitor 34 is grounded.
- the drain of the P-channel MOS transistor 36, one end of the resistor element 33, the other end of the capacitor 34, the input side of the inverter 35, and the drain of the N-channel MOS transistor 38 It is connected at point A2 as a connection node.
- the P-channel MOS transistor 36 has a source connected to the power supply voltage VDD as the first power supply potential, and a gate connected to the clock signal input terminal 31.
- the N-channel MOS transistor 37 has a source connected to the ground potential GND as the second power supply potential, a drain connected to the other end of the resistor element 33, and a gate connected to the clock signal input terminal 31.
- the N-channel MOS transistor 38 has a source connected to the ground potential and a gate connected to the output side of the inverter 35. Further, the input side of the inverter 39 is connected to the output side of the inverter 35, and the output side is connected to the low frequency detection signal output terminal 32.
- the clock signal CLK from the clock signal input terminal 31 is input to the semiconductor device body 100a.
- the P-channel MOS transistor 36 functioning as a charging unit is turned on, the N-channel MOS transistor 37 functioning as a discharging unit is turned off, and the capacitor 34 is charged.
- the P-channel MOS transistor 36 functioning as a charging unit is turned off, the N-channel MOS transistor 37 functioning as a discharging unit is turned on, and the capacitor 34 is discharged.
- the potential at point A2 gradually decreases according to VDD * exp (-tZRC).
- R is the value of the resistance element 33
- C is the value of the capacitance 34
- * represents multiplication.
- Inverter 35 and N-channel MOS transistor 38 accelerate the drop.
- the lower limit level L is set according to the permitted frequency. This setting can be made by setting the value R of the resistor 33 and the value C of the capacitor 34. As shown in FIG.
- the point A2 when the clock signal 31 has an allowable frequency, the point A2 receives a low level from the clock input signal 31 before exceeding the lower limit level, thereby charging the capacitor. Is started. At this time, the low frequency detection signal OUT2 outputs High indicating normal. If the frequency is lower than the permitted frequency, the potential at point A2 exceeds the lower limit level L, and a low signal indicating an error is output.
- the result determination circuit 100y determines this, and resets the semiconductor device body 100a, stops the operation, or erases sensitive data. Perform destruction.
- the frequency sensor according to the second embodiment outputs Low indicating an abnormality from the low frequency detection signal output terminal 32 when the frequency is lower than the permitted frequency. This makes it possible to detect that a low frequency outside the allowable range is input without using a reference clock signal.
- the result determination circuit 100y determines this, resets the semiconductor device body, and stops the operation. Alternatively, by erasing or destroying sensitive data, a semiconductor device with high security can be realized.
- FIGS. 5 (a), 5 (b), 6 and 7 are views showing a semiconductor device having a built-in frequency sensor according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- a semiconductor device 100 has a semiconductor device main body 100a, a frequency sensor 100d, and a result determination circuit.
- the frequency sensor 100d corresponds to the frequency sensor 100b of FIG. 1 in which the resistance element 13 and the capacitance 14 are replaced with a resistance block 53 and a capacitance block 54. That is, the frequency sensor 100d includes a resistance block 53, a capacitance block 54, an inverter 55, a P-channel MOS transistor 56 functioning as a charging unit or a first MOS transistor of the first conductivity type, a discharging unit or the second conductivity type. An N-channel MOS transistor 57 functioning as a second MOS transistor and an N-channel MOS transistor 58 functioning as a second conductive third MOS transistor are provided.
- the clock signal input terminal 51 is for inputting the clock signal CLK to a semiconductor device 100 such as an IC card, which requires security.
- the high frequency detection signal output terminal 52 is for outputting the high frequency detection signal OUT1 having the frequency sensor capability.
- the result determination circuit ⁇ determines whether the high frequency detection signal OUT1 indicates that a clock signal having a higher frequency than the original input clock signal is input to the semiconductor device, and controls the semiconductor device body 100a. belongs to.
- the output side of the inverter 55 is connected to the high frequency detection signal output terminal 52.
- One end of the capacity block 54 is grounded.
- the P-channel MOS transistor 56 has a source connected to the power supply voltage VDD as the first power supply potential, and a gate connected to the clock signal input terminal 51.
- the N-channel MOS transistor 57 has a source connected to the ground potential GND as the second power supply potential, a drain connected to the other end of the resistor block 53, and a gate connected to the clock signal input terminal 51.
- the N-channel MOS transistor 58 has a source connected to the ground potential and a gate connected to the output side of the inverter 55.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of the resistance block 53 in FIG. 5 (a).
- the resistance block 53 is composed of resistance elements 5311a, 5311b, 5311c, ..., 531 In, and switches 5312a, 53 12b, 5312c, ..., 5312n. , 53In and a resistance element 531 having no switch are connected in series with each other.
- FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of the capacity block 54 in FIG. 5 (a).
- a capacitance block 54 is composed of a capacitance 5411a, 5411b, 5411c,..., 541 In and a switch 5412a, 5412b, 5412c,. , 541b, 541c, ⁇ , 541 ⁇ are connected in parallel with each other between the point A1 and the ground potential GND.
- the resistance element and the capacitance according to the first and second embodiments are disposed in the resistance block and the capacitance block having the above-described configurations. It is equivalent to a replacement. Therefore, the operation is the same as in the first and second embodiments.
- the resistance elements with switches 531a, 531b, 531c, ... 531 ⁇ have cutting switches connected to both ends of each resistance element, and the resistance is cut by turning on / off. 'The connection can be switched. When the switch is ON, the resistor is disconnected, and when the switch is OFF, the resistor is connected.
- the switches can be set individually, and the resistance elements can have different resistance values. Thereby, the resistance value of the resistance block 53 can be adjusted.
- the resistance value of the resistance element 53 la with switch is 10 k ⁇
- the resistance value of 531b is 5 kQ
- the resistance value of 531c-531 ⁇ is 4 kQ each, and all the switches are in the ON state.
- the switched capacitors 541a, 541b, 541c, ⁇ , 541 ⁇ in Fig. 7 have a disconnecting switch connected to one end of each capacitor. 'The connection can be switched. When the switch is ON, the capacitance is connected, and when the switch is OFF, the capacitance is disconnected.
- the switches can be set individually, and the capacities can have different values. Thereby, the capacity of the capacity block 54 can be adjusted.
- the total capacitance is to be reduced by 35fF.
- the switches 541a and 541b with switches can be turned off.
- the frequency sensor according to the third embodiment includes the switched resistance elements 531a, 531b, 531c, ..., 531 ⁇ in the resistance block 53, and the switched capacitance 541a in the capacitance block 54.
- the time constant can be adjusted after design by switching ON / OFF the switches 541b, 541c, ⁇ , 541 ⁇ . Therefore, in addition to the same effects as those of the first embodiment, it becomes possible to suppress the manufacturing variation of the frequency sensor or the semiconductor device incorporating the same.
- the resistance element and the capacitance in the second embodiment may be replaced with a resistance block and a capacitance block.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 show a resistance block 53 in the frequency sensor according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the resistance block 53 and the capacitance block 54 correspond to those obtained by replacing the resistance element with a switch and the capacitance with a switch in FIGS. 6 and 7 with a resistance element with a fuse and a capacitance with a fuse.
- the resistance block 53 is connected to fuses 5322a, 5322b, 5322c,..., 5322 ⁇ at both ends of the resistance elements 5321a, 5321b, 5321c,. 532a, 532b, 532c, 532, 532 ⁇ , and ⁇ resistor without fuse
- the capacitance block 54 the capacitance 5421a, 5421b, 5421c,..., 5421n and the fuse 5422a, 5422b, 5422c,.
- the 542a, 542b, 542c, 542, 542 ⁇ configured with lj connection are connected to the A1 point and the ground potential G.
- the frequency sensor of the fourth embodiment corresponds to a frequency sensor in which the resistance element and the capacitance in the first and second embodiments are replaced with the resistance block and the capacitance block having the above-described configurations. Therefore, the operation is the same as in the first and second embodiments.
- the resistance elements 532a, 532b, 532c, ... 532 ⁇ with a fuse in Fig. 8 have fuses connected to both ends of each resistance element. It becomes possible. Fuses can be blown individually, and each resistor can have a different resistance. This allows the resistance block It is possible to adjust the resistance of step 53.
- the resistance value of the resistance element with a fuse 532a is 10 k ⁇
- the resistance value of the 532b is 5 kQ
- the resistance value up to 532c—532 ⁇ is 4 kQ
- all the fuses are in the connection state. If you want to increase the total resistance by 15k ⁇ , you can cut off the fuses of the resistance elements 532a and 5 32b with a fuse!
- the fuses 542a, 542b, 542c, ... 542 ⁇ in Fig. 9 have a fuse connected to one end of each capacitor, and can be cut by a laser cutter or the like as necessary. It becomes possible. The fuses can be blown individually, and the capacitances can have different values. Thus, the capacity of the capacity block 54 can be adjusted.
- the capacity of the fused capacity 542a is 15fF
- the capacity of the 542b is 20fF
- the capacity of the 542c-542n is 40fF each, and all the fuses are connected
- the fuses of the capacitors 542a and 542b with a fuse may be blown.
- the frequency sensor of the fourth embodiment increases the time constant when the fuses 532a, 532b, 532c,... If you want to cut and reduce the time constant, you can adjust the time constant after design by cutting the fuses with fuses 542a, 542b, 542c, It is possible to suppress manufacturing variations.
- FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 are diagrams showing the resistance block 53 and the capacitance block 54 of the frequency sensor according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the resistance block 53 and the capacitance block 54 correspond to the switches in the switched resistance elements and the switched capacitances shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 which are replaced by switches using transistors.
- the resistance block 53 has switches 5332a, 5332b, and 5331a, 5331b, 5331c,. , 332c,..., 533 ⁇ connected to each other, and a resistance element 533 without a switch connected in series with each other.
- the switches 5332a, 5332b, 5332c,..., 5332 ⁇ are controlled on and off by inputting the result of decoding the data stored in the nonvolatile memory 101a by the decoder 102a to the gate. You.
- the capacity block 54, capacity 5431a, 5431b, 5431c, ⁇ , 543 In and switch 5432a, 5432b, 5432c, ⁇ , 5432 ⁇ are directly It is constructed by connecting in parallel the switched capacitors 543a, 543b, 543c, ⁇ , 543 ⁇ formed by lj connection between the point A1 and the ground potential GND.
- the switches 5432a, 5432b, 5432c,..., 5432 ⁇ are turned on and off by inputting the result of decoding the data stored in the nonvolatile memory 101b by the decoder 102b to the gate.
- the frequency sensor of the fifth embodiment corresponds to a frequency sensor in which the resistance element and the capacitance in the first and second embodiments are replaced with the resistance block and the capacitance block having the above-described configuration. Therefore, the operation is the same as in the first and second embodiments.
- trimming data for switching the switches of the resistance elements with switches 533a, 533b, 533c,... ⁇ 533 ⁇ in FIG. 10 is obtained in advance.
- This value reflects the variation after manufacture of the frequency sensor or the semiconductor device in which the frequency sensor is built, and this value is stored in the nonvolatile memory 101a.
- This trimming data is read from the nonvolatile memory 101a and transferred to the decoder 102a in a start-up routine or the like of the semiconductor device.
- the decoder 102a outputs switch switching signals 103a, 103b, 103c,..., 103 ⁇ . When this signal is High, the switch is ON, and when it is Low, the switch is OFF.
- the resistance value can be adjusted as in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the same adjustment can be made for the capacitance in FIG.
- the frequency sensor of the fifth embodiment has the advantages of the first and second embodiments, Of the switched resistive elements 533a, 533b, 533c,... ⁇ 533 ⁇ in the resistive block 53 and the switched capacities 543a, 543b, 543c,.
- the time constant can be adjusted after the design by the trimming data for switching the switch, and the variation in the manufacture of the frequency sensor or the semiconductor device incorporating the same can be suppressed.
- a channel MOS transistor may be used instead of the channel MOS transistor.
- the same operation is performed by setting the switch switching signals 103a, 103b, 103c,... ⁇ 103 ⁇ and 104a, 104b, 104c,... ⁇ 104n from the decoders as inverted signals in the case of the channel type MOS transistor. Is possible.
- a bidirectional transfer gate in which an N-channel MOS transistor and a P-channel MOS transistor are connected in parallel may be used.
- the same operation can be performed by inputting a switch switching signal from a decoder to the gate of the N-channel MOS transistor and inputting an inverted signal of the switch switching signal to the P-channel MOS transistor.
- FIGS. 12 (a) and 12 (b) are views showing a semiconductor device having a built-in frequency sensor according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- the semiconductor device 100 has a semiconductor device main body 100a, a frequency sensor 10Of, and a result determination circuit.
- the frequency sensor 100f includes a high-side high-frequency sensor 124, a low-side high-frequency sensor 126, an inverter 122, and a NAND gate 128.
- the clock signal input terminal 121 is for inputting the clock signal CLK to the semiconductor device 100 such as an IC card which requires security.
- the high frequency detection signal output terminal 129 is for outputting the high frequency detection signal OUT1 from the frequency sensor 100e.
- the clock input signal CLK is input to the high-side high-frequency sensor 124 and the inverter 122.
- the inverter 122 outputs a clock inversion signal 123 obtained by inverting the clock signal CLK to the low-side high-frequency sensor 126.
- the high-side high-frequency sensor 124 outputs the high-side high-frequency detection signal 125, and the low-side high-frequency sensor 126 outputs the low-side high-frequency detection signal 127. Is output.
- the NAND gate 128 outputs a NAND of the high-side high-frequency detection signal 125 and the low-side high-frequency detection signal 127 as a high-frequency detection signal OUT1.
- the high-side high-frequency sensor 124 has the same configuration as the frequency sensor 100b according to the first embodiment of the present invention. When the high period of the clock input signal CLK is shorter than the allowable range, the high-side high-frequency sensor 124 Outputs Low indicating an abnormality from the frequency detection signal 125.
- the configuration of the low-side high-frequency sensor 126 has the same configuration as that of the frequency sensor 100b according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and the period in which the clock inversion signal 123 is high, that is, the low period of the clock signal CLK is allowed.
- the Low side high frequency detection signal 127 outputs Low indicating abnormality.
- the NAND gate 128 When either the high-side high-frequency detection signal 125 or the low-side high-frequency detection signal 127 outputs a low signal indicating an abnormality, the NAND gate 128 outputs a high signal indicating an abnormality as the high-frequency detection signal OUT1. Is output.
- the frequency sensor according to the sixth embodiment can detect a high frequency abnormality in both the high period and the low period of the clock signal CLK.
- the result determination circuit ⁇ determines this, and resets the semiconductor device main body, stops the operation, or By erasing or destroying sensitive data, it is possible to realize a semiconductor device with high security.
- the high-side high-frequency sensor and the low-side high-frequency sensor each have a configuration similar to that of the frequency sensor 100c of the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the low-frequency sensor 144 and the low-side low-frequency sensor 146 it is possible to detect low-frequency abnormalities in both the high and low periods of the clock input signal.
- the result determination circuit 100y determines this, and resets the semiconductor device body, stops operation, Alternatively, by erasing or destroying confidential data, a highly secure semiconductor device can be realized.
- FIGS. 13 and 14 show a semiconductor device according to Example 7 of the present invention.
- the semiconductor device 100 includes a semiconductor device 100a, a high-frequency sensor 138, a self-test circuit 130, and a controller 200.
- the high-frequency sensor has a configuration similar to those of the first, third, and fifth embodiments.
- the self-test circuit 130 includes a high-frequency generation circuit 130a and a selector 137 as a switching unit.
- the high frequency generation circuit 130a receives the clock signal C input from the clock signal input terminal 131.
- Delay circuit 132 for delaying LK
- inverter 133 for inverting the output signal of delay circuit 132
- the output signal C1 of the inverter 133 and the clock signal CLK are input to the NAND gate 134
- an inverter 135 for inverting the output signal XOUT of the NAND gate 134.
- the selector 137 outputs the clock signal CLK or the output signal of the high-frequency generation circuit 130a according to the self-test mode signal TEST input from the self-test mode signal input terminal 136.
- the high-frequency sensor 138 receives the output signal B1 of the selector as an input.
- the result determination circuit 139 outputs the output signal RESULT to the determination signal output terminal 1310 and the semiconductor device body 100a.
- the controller 200 is controlled by the semiconductor device main body 100a and generates a self-test mode signal TEST.
- the clock signal CLK is also supplied to the semiconductor device main body 100a and the controller 200.
- the semiconductor device reader Z writer 300 supplies a clock signal to the semiconductor device 100 and
- the signal OUT is output from the selector 137.
- the signal OUT is an inverted signal of the logical product XOUT of the clock signal CLK and the signal C1 obtained by delaying and inverting the clock signal CLK.
- the output signal OUT has a higher frequency than the allowable frequency of the high-frequency sensor 138, that is, a high period is shorter. Therefore, the output signal OUT Is input to the high-frequency sensor 138, when the sensor itself operates normally, a signal indicating abnormality is output to the result determination circuit 139. If the sensor itself has failed, it outputs a signal indicating normal. As a result, the determination signal RESULT indicating normal or abnormal is output from the result determining circuit 139.
- the controller 200 notifies the semiconductor device main body 100a that the self test mode signal TEST has been output High, and the semiconductor device main body 100a sends the signal together with the output signal indicating that the result determination circuit 139 is abnormal to the semiconductor device main body 100a.
- the semiconductor device reader Z writer 300 determines that the semiconductor device 100 is in the self-test state and is abnormal, and the result judgment circuit 139 indicates that the semiconductor device 100 is abnormal.
- the high frequency sensor 138 of the semiconductor device 100 is informed that it is normal by displaying characters on a display (not shown) or the like.
- the semiconductor device reader / writer 300 notifies that the high-frequency sensor 138 has failed by displaying characters or the like.
- the result determination circuit 139 determines this, and A control signal for resetting, stopping the operation, or erasing or destroying data is output to the device main body 100a as the determination signal RESULT.
- the frequency sensor according to the seventh embodiment includes the delay circuit 132 that generates a frequency higher than the permitted frequency, thereby enabling the high-frequency sensor itself. It is possible to make a self-diagnosis as to whether it is normal or faulty. This makes it possible to provide a highly reliable frequency sensor or a semiconductor device incorporating the same.
- FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 are views showing a frequency sensor according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- the frequency sensor according to the eighth embodiment includes a low-frequency sensor 155 and a low-frequency generation circuit 150a instead of the high-frequency sensor 138 and the high-frequency generation circuit 130a according to the seventh embodiment.
- the low-frequency sensor has a configuration similar to those of the second, fourth, and sixth embodiments.
- the frequency dividing circuit 152 divides the frequency of the clock signal 151 so as to be detected by the low frequency sensor 155.
- the block configuration of the eighth embodiment is the same as that of the seventh embodiment.
- the operation of the eighth embodiment is similar to the operation of the seventh embodiment. That is, when executing the self-test, High is output from the controller 200 as the self-test mode signal TEST. At this time, the clock signal CLK divided by the divider circuit 152 is output from the selector 154. This output signal is input to the low-frequency sensor 155, and when the sensor itself operates normally, a signal indicating an abnormality is output to the result determination circuit 156. When the sensor itself has failed, it outputs a signal indicating normality. As a result, the result determination circuit 156 outputs a determination signal RESULT indicating normal or abnormal.
- the semiconductor device reader Z writer 300 indicates whether the frequency sensor is normal or not, based on the test mode signal from the semiconductor device body 100a and the determination signal RESULT.
- the result determination circuit 156 determines this, and A control signal for resetting, stopping the operation, or erasing or destroying data is output to the semiconductor device body 100a as the determination signal RESULT.
- the frequency sensor of the eighth embodiment further includes the frequency dividing circuit 152 that generates a frequency lower than the permitted frequency. It is possible to self-diagnose whether the body is normal or faulty. This makes it possible to provide a highly reliable frequency sensor or a semiconductor device incorporating the same.
- the third MOS transistor and the inverter of the second conductivity type are used to accelerate the change in the potential at the points A1 and A2. It is also possible to omit the third MOS transistor and the inverter.
- the resistance block shows the resistance elements with switches connected in series with each other
- the capacitance block shows the resistance with switches connected in parallel with each other. It may be constituted by a network.
- the input clock signal is directly supplied to the frequency sensor and the semiconductor device main body.
- the increase in power consumption is inconspicuous,
- the input clock signal may be manually multiplied or divided in frequency by one or both of V and the deviation.
- the force frequency sensor in which the semiconductor device has a built-in frequency sensor may be externally provided.
- the semiconductor device is assumed to be an IC card or an LSI. If the memory or the written data requires confidentiality, other semiconductor devices are required. It may be.
- the resistance block and the capacitance block are each configured to generate a switch switching signal by a dedicated nonvolatile memory and a decoder S, and these are a common nonvolatile memory and a decoder. May be caused by the following.
- these nonvolatile memories and decoders are provided in the semiconductor device main body and the frequency sensor.
- the semiconductor device such as a semiconductor device reader Z writer that can be mounted in any part of the self-test circuit.
- the high frequency generation circuit and the low frequency generation circuit may have a configuration other than the configurations shown in the seventh and eighth embodiments.
- the self-test mode signal TEST may be generated by the controller 200 by a device other than the controller 200, such as the semiconductor device body 100a. !,.
- the semiconductor device reader / writer Z is shown as an example of an external device connected to the semiconductor device, it may be another device such as an ATM, an automatic ticket gate, and the like.
- the input or output of the clock signal CLK, the self-test mode signal TEST, the high-frequency detection signal OUT1, the low-frequency detection signal OUT2, and the determination signal RESULT is performed via the terminal.
- the operation may be performed via a node instead of a terminal.
- terminals and nodes may be provided on the periphery of the IC chip of the semiconductor device, or may be pins provided so that the package force for protecting the semiconductor device also protrudes.
- the frequency sensor is provided inside the semiconductor device. It may be provided outside the semiconductor device.
- the frequency sensor and the semiconductor device according to the present invention are suitable for use in enhancing the security of sensitive data such as an IC card.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/592,427 US7504865B2 (en) | 2004-03-09 | 2004-12-06 | Frequency sensor and semiconductor device |
JP2006510613A JPWO2005085882A1 (ja) | 2004-03-09 | 2004-12-06 | 周波数センサおよび半導体装置 |
EP04821716A EP1734371A4 (en) | 2004-03-09 | 2004-12-06 | FREQUENCY SENSOR AND SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2004066055 | 2004-03-09 | ||
JP2004-066055 | 2004-03-09 |
Publications (1)
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WO2005085882A1 true WO2005085882A1 (ja) | 2005-09-15 |
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ID=34918297
Family Applications (1)
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PCT/JP2004/018146 WO2005085882A1 (ja) | 2004-03-09 | 2004-12-06 | 周波数センサおよび半導体装置 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7504865B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1734371A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2005085882A1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100454027C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005085882A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (4)
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EP2052270B1 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2010-03-24 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | Real time clock monitoring method and system |
JP2010038780A (ja) * | 2008-08-06 | 2010-02-18 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 周波数検出回路 |
US8320403B2 (en) | 2010-06-29 | 2012-11-27 | Excelitas Canada, Inc. | Multiplexed sensor array |
CN115334264B (zh) * | 2022-08-17 | 2024-04-09 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十四研究所 | Cmos图像传感器片上时钟产生电路、模块及方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2005085882A1 (ja) | 2007-08-09 |
CN1926435A (zh) | 2007-03-07 |
US7504865B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 |
US20070194629A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
EP1734371A1 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
EP1734371A4 (en) | 2011-01-26 |
CN100454027C (zh) | 2009-01-21 |
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