WO2005028689A1 - 銅合金およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
銅合金およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005028689A1 WO2005028689A1 PCT/JP2004/013439 JP2004013439W WO2005028689A1 WO 2005028689 A1 WO2005028689 A1 WO 2005028689A1 JP 2004013439 W JP2004013439 W JP 2004013439W WO 2005028689 A1 WO2005028689 A1 WO 2005028689A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
- B22D11/004—Copper alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
- B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
- B22D21/025—Casting heavy metals with high melting point, i.e. 1000 - 1600 degrees C, e.g. Co 1490 degrees C, Ni 1450 degrees C, Mn 1240 degrees C, Cu 1083 degrees C
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/006—Casting by filling the mould through rotation of the mould together with a molten metal holding recipient, about a common axis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a copper alloy and a method for producing the same, which do not use elements such as Be that adversely affect the environment.
- Applications of the copper alloy include electric and electronic parts, safety tools, and the like.
- Examples of safety tools include drilling rods, spanners, chain blocks, hammers, drivers, pliers, and pliers, which are used in places where there is a risk of explosion due to ignition from sparks, such as ammunition storage and coal mines. There are tools.
- Be is the second most harmful substance in the environment after Pb and Cd.
- the conventional Cu-Be alloy contains a considerable amount of Be, it is necessary to provide a Be oxide treatment step in the production and processing of the copper alloy, which increases the production cost. In the recycling process of electrical and electronic parts, It becomes a problem.
- Cu-Be alloy is a problematic material in view of environmental issues. Therefore, the emergence of a material that does not use environmentally harmful elements such as Be and has both excellent tensile strength and electrical conductivity is expected!
- Non-Patent Document 1 which describes various characteristics of actually produced copper products.
- FIG. 1 summarizes the relationship between the copper
- conventional copper alloys that do not contain harmful elements such as Be have a low tensile strength of about 250-650MPa, for example, in the region where the electrical conductivity is 60% or more, and a low tensile strength of 700MPa or more. In the region, its conductivity is as low as less than 20%.
- most of the conventional copper alloys have high performance in only one of the tensile strength (MPa) and the electrical conductivity (%). There is no high tensile strength of IGPa or higher.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a copper alloy in which NiSi is precipitated, which is called a Corson type.
- This Corson alloy has a tensile strength of 750 to 820 MPa and an electrical conductivity of about 40%. Among alloys that do not contain environmentally harmful elements such as Be, the tensile strength and electrical conductivity are relatively low. The balance is good.
- this alloy has limitations in both high strength and high electrical conductivity, and as described below, there remains a problem in terms of product correlation.
- This alloy is used to deposit Ni Si
- the electrical resistance of an alloy is determined by electron scattering, and varies greatly depending on the type of element dissolved in the alloy. Solid solution in alloy Ni thus added significantly increases the electric resistance value (remarkably lowers the electrical conductivity). Therefore, in the above-mentioned Corson alloy, when the amount of Ni is increased, the electrical conductivity is reduced. On the other hand, the tensile strength of copper alloy is obtained by age hardening. The tensile strength is improved as the amount of the precipitate is larger and as the precipitate is more finely dispersed. In the case of Corson alloys, since the precipitated particles are only NiSi, there is a limit to high strength in terms of both the amount of precipitation and the state of dispersion.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a copper alloy containing elements such as Cr and Zr and having good surface hardness and surface roughness and good wire-to-bonding properties. As described in the examples, the copper alloy is manufactured on the premise of hot rolling and solution treatment.
- FIGS. 2, 3, and 4 show a Ti-Cr binary system phase diagram, a Cr-Zr binary system phase diagram, respectively.
- the safety tool material is required to have mechanical properties comparable to tool steel, for example, strength / abrasion resistance, and to have no spark that causes an explosion. It is required to have excellent spark generation resistance.
- a copper alloy having high thermal conductivity, particularly a Cu—Be alloy aimed at strengthening by aging precipitation of Be has been frequently used.
- Cu-Be alloy is a material with many environmental problems. Nevertheless, Cu-Be alloy has been widely used as a material for safety tools for the following reasons.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the electrical conductivity [IACS (%)] and the thermal conductivity [TC (WZm'K)] of the copper alloy. As shown in FIG. 5, the two are almost in a 1: 1 relationship, and increasing the electrical conductivity [IACS (%;)] increases the thermal conductivity [TC (W / mK)]. In other words, this is nothing less than improving sparking resistance. When a sharp force is applied by a blow or the like during use of a tool, a spark is generated because a specific component in the alloy is burned by heat generated by an impact or the like. As described in Non-Patent Document 2, steel has a thermal conductivity as low as 1Z5 or less of that of Cu, and therefore a local temperature rise is likely to occur. Since steel contains C, "c + o 2
- Non-Patent Document 1 Non-Patent Document 1
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 2572042
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent No. 2714561
- Non-patent document 1 Copper copper product data book, August 1, 1997, Japan Copper and Brass Association, pp. 328-355
- Non-patent document 2 Industrial heating, Vol. 36, No. 3 (1999), published by the Japan Industrial Furnace Association, page 59, disclosure of the invention
- a first object of the present invention is to provide a copper alloy containing no harmful elements to the environment such as Be, Copper alloys that are rich in product definition, have excellent high-temperature strength, ductility and workability, and also have the performance required for safety tool materials, that is, excellent thermal conductivity, wear resistance and spark generation resistance To provide.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the above copper alloy.
- the balance between the conductivity and the tensile strength is at the same level or higher than that of the Be-added copper alloy is specifically defined as a condition satisfying the following equation (a). Means Hereinafter, this state is referred to as “a state in which the balance between tensile strength and conductivity is extremely good”.
- TS in the equation (a) means tensile strength (MPa), and IACS means conductivity (%).
- a copper alloy is required to have a certain high-temperature strength in addition to the above-described tensile strength and conductivity properties. This is the force that, for example, connector materials used in automobiles and computers can be exposed to environments above 200 ° C.
- the room temperature strength is greatly reduced and the desired spring characteristics can no longer be maintained.However, the above Cu-Be alloy and Corson alloy are heated to 400 ° C. The room temperature strength hardly decreases even after heating.
- the high temperature strength is targeted to be at a level equal to or higher than that of a Cu-Be alloy or the like.
- the heating temperature at which the hardness reduction rate before and after the heating test becomes 50% is defined as the heat resistance temperature, and when the heat resistance temperature exceeds 350 ° C, the high-temperature strength is excellent.
- a more preferable heat-resistant temperature is 400 ° C or higher.
- the bending property is equal to or higher than that of a conventional alloy such as a Cu-Be alloy.
- a 90 ° bending test was performed on the specimen at various radii of curvature, and the minimum radius of curvature R at which cracking did not occur was measured.
- the quenching property can be evaluated.
- the range of good bending strength is that the tensile strength TS is 800MPa or less.
- the sheet material shall satisfy B ⁇ 2.0, and the sheet material whose tensile strength TS exceeds 800MPa shall satisfy the following formula (b).
- a copper alloy as a safety tool is required to have not only the above-described properties of tensile strength TS and conductivity IACS but also wear resistance. Therefore, the goal is to achieve the same level of wear resistance as that of tool steel. Specifically, it is considered that the wear resistance is excellent when the hardness at room temperature is Vickers hardness of 250 or more.
- the gist of the present invention is a method for producing a copper alloy shown in the following (1) and a copper alloy shown in the following (2).
- N means the total number of precipitates and inclusions per unit area (pieces Zmm 2 )
- X means the particle size of precipitates and inclusions ( ⁇ m).
- This copper alloy contains Ag: 0.01-5% in place of a part of Cu, and at least one of the following first group force and third group force is selected.
- the total content of at least 5% of the following components: Mg, Li, Ca and the rare earth element also contain at least one selected from 0.001 to 2%, Bi, Tl, Rb, Cs, Sr, Ba , Tc, Re, Os, Rh, In, Pd, Po, Sb, Hf, Au, Pt, and Ga. Any one containing at least one selected from 0.001 to 0.3% in total.
- Group 1 0.001, —0.5% P, S, As, Pb and B, respectively, by weight
- Group 2 mass 0/0, respectively 0.01 5% Sn, Mn, Fe, Co, Al, Si, Nb, Ta, Mo, V, W and Ge
- Group 3 0.01-3% Zn, Ni, Te, Cd and Se, respectively, at mass 0 / o
- These alloys have a maximum average content of at least one alloy element in a minute region. It is desirable that the ratio of the value to the minimum value of the average content be 1.5 or more. Further, the crystal grain size is desirably 0.01 to 35 ⁇ m.
- a piece obtained by melting and manufacturing a copper alloy having the chemical composition according to the above (1) is heated at a temperature from at least the piece temperature immediately after the fabrication to 450 ° C. It is characterized by cooling at a cooling rate of 0.5 ° CZs or more in the region, and among the precipitates and inclusions present in the alloy, those having a particle size of 1 m or more, A satisfactory copper alloy production method.
- N means the total number of precipitates and inclusions per unit area (pieces Zmm 2 )
- X means the particle size of precipitates and inclusions ( ⁇ m).
- processing in a temperature range of 600 ° C. or lower or further heat treatment in which the temperature is maintained in a temperature range of 150 to 750 ° C. for 30 seconds or more. Heating in a temperature range of 600 ° C or less and heat treatment in a temperature range of 150 to 750 ° C for 10 minutes to 72 hours may be performed plural times. Also, after the last heat treatment, processing in a temperature range of 600 ° C or less may be performed.
- the precipitate is, for example, Cu Ti
- the inclusions include, for example, Cr-Ti ligated material, Ti-Zr ligated material or Zr-Cr ligated material, metal oxide, metal carbide, metal nitride and the like.
- % means “% by mass” for the content of each element.
- One of the copper alloys of the present invention contains at least two types selected from Cr: 0.01-5%, Ti: 0.01-5% and Zr: 0.01-5%, with the balance being Cu and impurity power.
- Cr 0.01-5%
- Ti 0.01-5%
- Zr 0.01-5%
- Cu impurity power
- the Cr content is less than 0.01%, the strength becomes insufficient and the ⁇ or Zr becomes 0.01%. %, An alloy having a good balance between strength and conductivity cannot be obtained.
- the Cr content exceeds 5%, metallic Cr precipitates coarsely, adversely affecting bending characteristics, fatigue characteristics, and the like. Therefore, the Cr content was specified as 0.01-5%.
- the Cr content is preferably 0.1-4%. The most desirable is 0.2-3%.
- the Ti content is less than 0.01%, sufficient strength cannot be obtained even when Cr or Zr is contained in an amount of 0.01% or more. However, when the content exceeds 5%, the conductivity is deteriorated though the strength is increased. Furthermore, when segregation of Ti is caused at the time of manufacturing, it is difficult to obtain a uniform piece, and cracks and chips are easily generated at the time of subsequent processing. Therefore, the content of Ti is set to 0.01-5%. In addition, as in the case of Cr, it is desirable to contain Ti in an amount of 0.1% or more in order to obtain a state in which the balance between the tensile strength and the electrical conductivity is extremely good. Desirable Ti content is 0.1-4%. The most desirable is 0.3-3%.
- Zr is less than 0.01%, sufficient strength cannot be obtained even if Cr or Ti is contained in 0.01% or more. However, when the content exceeds 5%, the strength is increased but the conductivity is deteriorated. As a result, the segregation of Zr is caused at the time of fabrication, and a homogeneous piece is not obtained. Therefore, cracks and chips are easily generated at the subsequent work. Therefore, the Zr content was set to 0.01-5%. As in the case of Cr, Zr is preferably contained in an amount of 0.1% or more in order to obtain a state in which the nonce of the tensile strength and the electrical conductivity is extremely good. The Zr content is preferably 0.1-4%. The most desirable is 0.2-3%.
- Another copper alloy of the present invention is a copper alloy having the above chemical components and containing 0.01 to 5% of Ag instead of a part of Cu.
- Ag is an element that hardly deteriorates conductivity even in a state of being dissolved in a Cu matrix.
- metal Ag increases strength by fine precipitation.
- two or more selected neutrals of Cr, Ti and Zr, Cu Ti, Cu Zr, ZrCr, metallic Cr, and gold contribute to precipitation hardening.
- the force becomes remarkable at 0.01% or more.
- the force exceeds 5%, the force saturates and the cost of the alloy increases. Therefore, the content of Ag is desirably 0.01-5%. More desirable is 2% or less.
- the copper alloy of the present invention is used in place of part of Cu for the purpose of improving corrosion resistance and heat resistance.
- At least one of the following first group powers up to the third group should contain at least 5% or less in total of one or more selected components.
- Group 1 mass 0/0, respectively 0.001 0.5% P, S, As, Pb and B
- Group 2 mass 0/0, respectively 0.01 5% Sn, Mn, Fe, Co, Al, Si, Nb, Ta, Mo, V,
- Group 3 0.01-3% Zn, Ni, Te, Cd and Se, respectively, at mass 0 / o
- These elements are elements that have the effect of improving the corrosion resistance and the heat resistance while maintaining the balance between the strength and the electrical conductivity even if they are misaligned.
- This effect is due to P, S, As, Pb and B each at 0.001% or more, and Sn, Mn, Fe, Co, Al, Si, Nb, Ta, Mo, V, W, Ge, Zn at 0.01% or more, respectively. It is emitted when Ni, Te, Cd, Se and Sr are contained, respectively. However, when these contents are excessive, the electric conductivity decreases.
- P, S, As, Pb and B are 0.001-0.5%, Sn, Mn, Fe, Co, Al, Si, Nb, Ta, Mo, V, W
- Ge is 0.01-5%
- Zn, Ni, Te, Cd and Se are 0.01-3%.
- Sn contributes to strengthening by precipitating the intermetallic compound of Ti-Sn finely, it is preferable to actively use Sn.
- Pd, and Cd are harmful elements and should not be used as much as possible.
- the copper alloy of the present invention further contains, for the purpose of increasing the high-temperature strength, at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Li, Ca, and a rare earth element, in place of part of Cu, in a total amount of 0.001-2%. It is desirable to include it.
- these are also referred to as “fourth group elements”.
- Mg, Li, Ca and rare earth elements are elements that combine with oxygen atoms in the Cu matrix to form fine oxides and increase the high-temperature strength. The effect is remarkable when the total content of these elements is 0.001% or more. However, when its content exceeds 2%, The effects described above are saturated, and furthermore, there are problems such as a decrease in conductivity and deterioration in bending workability. Therefore, the total content of Mg, Li, Ca, and rare earth elements is preferably 0.001-2% when one or more selected elements are contained.
- the rare earth elements mean Sc, Y, and lanthanoids. Each element may be added alone, or misch metal may be added.
- the copper alloy of the present invention uses Bi ⁇ Tl, Rb, Cs, and Sr instead of Cu for the purpose of expanding the width ( ⁇ ) of the liquidus line and the solidus line when the alloy is filled. It is desirable that the total content of at least one selected from the group consisting of Ba, Tc, Re, Os, Rh, In, Pd, Po, Sb, Hf, Au, Pt and Ga is 0.001-0.3%. Hereinafter, these are also referred to as “fifth group elements”. Note that ⁇ is a force that increases due to the so-called supercooling phenomenon in the case of rapid solidification. Here, ⁇ in the thermal equilibrium state is considered as a guide.
- ⁇ is preferably in the range of 50-200 ° C.
- C, N and O are elements usually contained as impurities. These elements form carbides, nitrides and oxides with the metal elements in the alloy. If these precipitates or inclusions are fine, Cu Ti, Cu Zr, ZrCr, metal Cr, metal Zr, metal Ag, etc.
- each of these elements exceeds 1%, it becomes a coarse precipitate or inclusion, and reduces ductility. Therefore, it is preferable to limit each to 1% or less. More preferably, 0.1% or less. Also, if H is contained as an impurity in the alloy, H gas will be contained in the alloy.
- the content thereof is as small as possible because it causes residual rolling flaws and the like.
- the particle size of those having a particle size of at least m and the total number of the precipitates and inclusions satisfy the following expression (1). is necessary.
- N means the total number of precipitates and inclusions per unit area (pieces Zmm 2 ), and X means the particle size of the precipitates and inclusions m).
- Cu Ti, Cu Zr, ZrCr, metal Cr, metal Zr or metal Ag are finely dispersed.
- the strength can be improved without lowering the conductivity.
- the dissolved Cr, Ti and Zr are reduced by precipitation, and the conductivity of the Cu matrix approaches that of pure Cu.
- the particle size of the compound or the Zr-Cr conjugate is coarsely precipitated to be 20 m or more, ductility is reduced, and cracking or chipping is liable to occur, for example, during bending or punching during processing into a connector. In addition, it may have an adverse effect on fatigue characteristics ⁇ impact resistance characteristics during use. In particular, if a coarse TiCr alloy conjugate is formed during cooling after solidification, cracks and chips are likely to occur in subsequent processing steps. Also, since the hardness increases too much in the aging process, Cu Ti, Cu Zr,
- the total number of precipitates and inclusions are defined as an essential requirement.
- the desired total number of precipitates and inclusions is calculated by the following equation (2). It is a case where the above condition is satisfied, and more preferably a case where the following expression (3) is satisfied.
- the particle size and the total number of precipitates and inclusions can be determined by the methods described in Examples.
- N means the total number of precipitates and inclusions per unit area (pieces Zmm 2 )
- X means the particle size of precipitates and inclusions ( ⁇ m).
- the micro area means an area having a diameter of 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m, and substantially means an area corresponding to an irradiation area in X-ray analysis.
- the regions having different alloy element concentrations in the present invention are the following two types.
- (1) Basically the same fee structure as Cu, but with different alloy element concentrations. Since the alloy element concentrations are different, the lattice constants are generally different even though they have the same fcc structure, and the degree of work hardening is naturally different.
- the average content in a minute region means a value in an analysis area when the beam diameter is narrowed to a fixed value of 1 ⁇ m or less in X-ray analysis, that is, an average value in the region.
- an analyzer with a field emission type electron gun is desirable.
- the analysis means an analysis method having a resolution of 1/5 or less of the concentration cycle is desirable, and more preferably 1/10. The reason for this is that if the analysis area is too large with respect to the concentration cycle, the whole is averaged and a difference in density is unlikely to appear. Generally, it can be measured by X-ray analysis with a probe diameter of about 1 ⁇ m.
- the material properties are determined by the alloy element concentration and the fine precipitates in the parent phase.
- concentration difference in a minute region including a fine precipitate is a problem. Therefore, signals of coarse precipitates and coarse inclusion force of 1 ⁇ m or more are disturbance factors.
- the periodic structure of the concentration is grasped by performing a line analysis using an X-ray analyzer having a probe diameter of about 1 ⁇ m. As described above, determine the analysis method so that the probe diameter is about 1/5 or less of the concentration cycle. Next, determine a line analysis length that is long enough for the cycle to appear about three times or more. Under these conditions, perform m (preferably 10 or more) line analyzes! Determine the maximum and minimum concentrations for each line analysis result!
- the number of the maximum value and the minimum value is averaged by cutting 20% from the larger value for each force that is m.
- the above-mentioned coarse precipitate / inclusion force signal can eliminate disturbance factors.
- the density ratio is obtained from the ratio between the maximum value and the minimum value from which the above-mentioned disturbance factors have been removed.
- the concentration ratio should be determined for alloy elements that have a periodic concentration change of about 1 m or more. Atomic level concentration changes of about 10 or less such as spinodal decomposition and fine precipitates are not considered.
- the electric resistance (reciprocal of the electric conductivity) mainly corresponds to a phenomenon in which electron transfer decreases due to scattering of solid solution elements, and has almost no effect on macro defects such as crystal grain boundaries. Sa Therefore, the above-mentioned fine-grained structure does not lower the electrical conductivity.
- concentration ratio the ratio of the maximum value of the average content to the minimum value of the average content in the microregion of at least one alloy element in the matrix. It becomes remarkable when it is 1.5 or more.
- concentration ratio is not particularly defined, but if the concentration ratio is too large, the fee structure of the Cu alloy may not be maintained, and the difference in electrochemical characteristics may become too large to cause local corrosion.
- concentration ratio is preferably 20 or less, more preferably 10 or less.
- Reducing the crystal grain size of the copper alloy is advantageous for increasing the strength, and also improving ductility and bending workability.
- the crystal grain size is less than 0.01 m, the high-temperature strength tends to decrease, and if it exceeds 35 m, the ductility decreases. Therefore, it is desirable that the crystal grain size is 0.01 to 35 m.
- a more desirable particle size is 0.05-30 m. Most desirable is 0.1-25! ! 1
- Inclusions such as Cr-Ti conjugates, Ti-Zr conjugates, and Zr-Cri conjugates that hinder fine precipitation of Ag are likely to be formed immediately after solidification of the pieces. Even if such inclusions are subjected to a solution shaping process after fabrication, and even if the solution shading temperature is increased, it is difficult to perform solid solution shading.
- the solution treatment at a high temperature only causes aggregation and coarsening of inclusions.
- a piece obtained by melting a copper alloy having the above-mentioned chemical composition and producing the same is obtained from at least the piece temperature immediately after the production.
- the particle size of precipitates and inclusions with a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or more among the The total number of objects and inclusions should satisfy the following equation (1).
- N means the total number of precipitates and inclusions per unit area (pieces Zmm 2 )
- X means the particle size of precipitates and inclusions ( ⁇ m).
- processing is performed in a temperature range of 600 ° C or less, or 150-750 It is desirable to provide a heat treatment for 30 seconds or more in a temperature range of ° C. It is more preferable to perform the processing in the temperature range of 600 ° C or less and the heat treatment of maintaining the temperature range of 150 to 750 ° C for 30 seconds or more plural times. After the last heat treatment, the above processing may be performed.
- 492 2 Group Cr, metal Zr or metal Ag are formed in the temperature range of 280 ° C or higher.
- inclusions such as the Cr-Ti compound, the Ti-Zr ligated product, and the Zr-Cr ligated material are coarse. It can form and its particle size can be more than 20 m and even several hundred ⁇ m.
- Ag also becomes coarser than m. In the state where such coarse precipitates and inclusions are formed, there is a possibility that cracks and breaks may occur during subsequent processing, but Cu Ti, Cu Zr, ZrCr, metal Cr, metal Zr in the aging process Or the precipitation hardening effect of metallic Ag is impaired
- the strength of the alloy cannot be increased. Therefore, at least in this temperature range, it is necessary to cool the piece at a cooling rate of 0.5 ° C Zs or more.
- the preferred cooling rate is as high as 2 ° CZs or more, more preferably 10 ° CZs or more.
- a piece obtained by forging is cooled under a predetermined condition, and then is processed without undergoing a hot process such as hot rolling or solution treatment, and aging heat. Only the combination of treatments leads to the final product.
- Processing such as rolling and drawing may be performed at 600 ° C or less. For example, when a continuous structure is employed, these processes may be performed in a cooling process after solidification. If the temperature is over 600 ° C, Cu Ti, Cu Zr, ZrCr, metal Cr, metal Zr or metal Ag are roughened during processing.
- the preferred processing temperature is below 450 ° C, more preferably below 250 ° C. Most preferred is below 200 ° C. It may be 25 ° C or less.
- processing in the above temperature range is desirably performed at a processing rate (cross-section reduction rate) of 20% or more. More preferred is 50% or more. If processing is performed at such a processing rate, the dislocations introduced thereby become precipitation nuclei during the aging treatment, thereby minimizing the precipitates, shortening the time required for precipitation, and improving the conductivity. Harmful solid-solution elements can be reduced early.
- Aging treatment is performed by depositing Cu Ti, Cu Zr, ZrCr, metal Cr, metal Zr or metal Ag
- the aging time is less than 30 seconds, a desired amount of precipitation cannot be secured even if the aging temperature is set high. Therefore, it is desirable to perform aging treatment in the temperature range of 150-750 ° C for 30 seconds or more.
- the processing time is preferably 5 minutes or more, and more preferably 10 minutes or more. Most desirable is more than 15 minutes.
- the upper limit of the processing time is not particularly defined, but is preferably 72 hours or less from the viewpoint of processing cost. When the aging temperature is high, the aging time can be shortened.
- the aging treatment is preferably performed in a reducing atmosphere, an inert gas atmosphere, or a vacuum of 20 Pa or less in order to prevent generation of scale due to oxidation of the surface. An excellent plating property is also ensured by the treatment in such an atmosphere.
- the above processing and aging treatment may be repeatedly performed as necessary. If you repeat It is possible to obtain a desired amount of precipitation in a shorter time than in a single treatment (force treatment and aging treatment), and to reduce the amount of Cu Ti, Cu Zr, ZrCr, metal Cr, metal Zr or metal Ag. Finely precipitated
- conditions other than the above-mentioned production conditions for example, conditions of melting, forging, and the like are not particularly limited, but may be, for example, as follows.
- the dissolution is preferably performed in a non-oxidizing or reducing atmosphere. This is because when the amount of dissolved oxygen in the molten copper increases, steam is generated in a later step to generate blisters, so-called hydrogen disease. In addition, if a solid solution element which is easily oxidized, such as a coarse oxide such as Ti or Cr, is generated and remains in the final product, the ductility and fatigue properties are significantly reduced.
- the method of obtaining pieces is preferably a continuous structure in terms of productivity and solidification rate, but other methods, such as an ingot method, may be used as long as they satisfy the above conditions.
- a preferable charging temperature is 1250 ° C. or more. More preferred is 1350 ° C or higher. At this temperature, two or more of Cr, Ti and Zr can be sufficiently dissolved, and the presence of Cr-Ti ligated, Ti-Zr ligated, Zr-Cr ligated, etc.
- a method using a graphite mold which is usually performed with a copper alloy, is recommended from the viewpoint of lubricity.
- a mold material a refractory which does not easily react with Ti, Cr or Zr which is a main alloying element, for example, zirconia may be used.
- a copper alloy having a chemical composition shown in Tables 14 to 14 was vacuum-melted in a high-frequency melting furnace and inserted into a zirconium mold to obtain a piece having a thickness of 12 mm.
- Rare earth elements were prepared by adding each element alone or misch metal.
- Mm uses misch metal.
- the temperature of the obtained piece was immediately after the fabrication (temperature immediately after being removed from the mold), 900. C or And cooled by spray cooling.
- the temperature change of the mold at a predetermined location was measured by a thermocouple embedded in the mold, and the surface temperature after the piece exited the mold was measured at several points using a contact thermometer. By combining these results with the heat transfer analysis, the average cooling rate of the piece surface up to 450 ° C was calculated.
- the starting point of solidification was determined by preparing 0.2 g of molten metal for each component and performing thermal analysis during continuous cooling at a predetermined speed.
- a rolled material having a thickness of 10 mm, a width of 80 mm and a length of 150 mm was produced by cutting and cutting.
- solution heat treatment was performed on some rolled materials at 950 ° C. These rolled materials are rolled at room temperature with a reduction ratio of 20-95% (first rolling) to obtain a sheet material of 0.6-8.0mm thickness, and are subjected to aging treatment (first aging) under specified conditions. Test materials were prepared. Some of the specimens were further rolled at room temperature with a rolling reduction of 40-95% (second rolling) to a thickness of 0.1-1.6 mm, and then aged under specified conditions (2 The second aging). The manufacturing conditions are shown in Table 5-9. In Tables 5-9, examples in which the above-mentioned solution shading treatment was performed are Comparative Examples 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16.
- ⁇ Concentration ratio> A cross section of the alloy was polished and a beam diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m, a 50- ⁇ m length with a 2000-fold field of view was randomly analyzed by X-ray prayer for 10 lines. The maximum and minimum values were determined. For each of the maximum value and the minimum value, the maximum value and the average value of the maximum value and the minimum value for the remaining eight samples from which two were removed were calculated, and the ratio was calculated as the concentration ratio.
- a 13B test piece specified in JIS Z 2201 was sampled from the above test material so that the tensile direction and the rolling direction were parallel, and according to the method specified in JIS Z 2241, at room temperature (25 ° C).
- the tensile strength [TS (MPa)] was determined.
- a test piece with a width of 10 mm and a length of 60 mm was sampled from the above test material so that the longitudinal direction and the rolling direction were parallel, and a current was applied in the longitudinal direction of the test piece to measure the potential difference between both ends of the test piece.
- the electrical resistance was determined by the four-terminal method. Subsequently, the electrical resistance (resistivity) per unit volume was calculated from the volume of the test piece measured by a micrometer, and the conductivity [1.72 ⁇ 'cm of the standard sample annealed with polycrystalline pure copper was calculated as the conductivity [ IACS (%;)].
- a test piece of 10 mm wide and 10 mm long was sampled from the above test material, and a section perpendicular to the rolling surface and parallel to the rolling direction was mirror-polished. Vickers hardness, defined as the ratio of indentation, load and surface area of the depression, was measured. Further, this was heated at a predetermined temperature for 2 hours, and after cooling to room temperature, the Picker's hardness was measured again, and the heating temperature at which the hardness became 50% of the hardness before heating was defined as the heat resistant temperature.
- a plurality of test specimens with a width of 10 mm and a length of 60 mm were sampled from the above test materials so that the longitudinal direction and the rolling direction were parallel to each other, and a 90 ° bending test was performed by changing the radius of curvature (inner diameter) of the bent part did.
- the “Evaluation” in the column of bending workability is defined as the case where the plate material with a tensile strength TS of 800 MPa or less satisfies B ⁇ 2.0 and the plate material with a tensile strength TS of more than 800 MPa satisfies the following formula (b). " These conditions were not satisfied! /, And the case was marked "X”.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the tensile strength and the electrical conductivity of each example.
- FIG. 6 plots the values of the examples of the present invention in Examples 1 and 2.
- Example 1-145 of the present invention since the chemical composition, the concentration ratio, and the total number of precipitates and inclusions were within the range specified by the present invention, The tensile strength and the electrical conductivity satisfied the above equation (a). Therefore, it can be said that these alloys have a balance between conductivity and tensile strength that is as high as or higher than that of the Be-added copper alloy.
- Examples 121 to 131 of the present invention are examples in which the addition amount and Z or the production conditions are finely adjusted in the same component system. These alloys have a relationship between tensile strength and electrical conductivity as indicated by " ⁇ " in Fig.
- the copper alloy of the present invention is rich in variations in tensile strength and electrical conductivity.
- the heat-resistant temperature was maintained at a high level of 500 ° C. Further, the bending characteristics were also good.
- Comparative Examples 14 and 17-23 the content of any of Cr, Ti and Zr was out of the range specified in the present invention, and the bending workability was poor.
- the total content of the elements of the first group and the fifth group was also out of the range defined by the present invention, and thus the conductivity was low.
- Comparative Examples 5 to 16 are all examples of alloys having the chemical composition defined by the present invention. However, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 have a slow cooling rate after cooling.Comparative Examples 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 have all been subjected to the solution-riding treatment. In addition, the concentration ratio and the number of precipitates and inclusions were out of the ranges specified in the present invention, and the bending workability was poor. Furthermore, the comparative examples in which the solution treatment was performed were compared with the alloys of the present invention having the same iridonic composition (Examples 5, 21, 37, 39, 49, and 85 of the present invention), and were found to have higher tensile strength and electrical conductivity. Inferior.
- Test pieces were also prepared under the conditions shown in Table 10-12. The obtained test materials were examined for the total number of precipitates and inclusions, tensile strength, electrical conductivity, heat resistance temperature, and bending workability in the same manner as described above. These results are also shown in Table 10-12.
- Atmosphere J is an argon gas atmosphere, and the sky J is a taste of aging in the air of IS.SPa.
- ⁇ _1 and “@J are satisfies the expressions) and (3), respectively, and rxj does not satisfy any of the relationships defined by the expressions (1) to (3). To taste.
- Samples were prepared by the following methods to evaluate their application to safety tools, and were evaluated for wear resistance (Pickers Hardness) and spark resistance.
- the alloys shown in Table 15 were melted in a high-frequency furnace in the air, and were molded by the Durville method. That is, while holding the mold in the state shown in Fig. 7 (a), pouring the molten metal at about 1300 ° C into the mold while maintaining the reducing atmosphere with charcoal powder, A piece was prepared by tilting and solidifying in the state of FIG. 7 (c) as shown in FIG.
- the mold was made of 50-mm thick iron and a cooling hole was drilled in the mold to allow piping for air cooling. ⁇
- the pieces were wedge-shaped to facilitate pouring, with a lower cross section of 30 X 300, an upper cross section of 50 X 400 mm, and a height of 700 mm.
- Specimens of 10 mm wide and 10 mm long were sampled from the test material, and a section perpendicular to the rolling surface and parallel to the rolling direction was mirror-polished, and was subjected to 25 ° C by the method specified in JIS Z 2244.
- the Pickers hardness at a load of 9.8 N was measured.
- thermocouple was inserted at a position 5mm below the inner wall of the mold 100 at a position 100mm from the lower section, and the temperature was measured. Based on the heat transfer calculation, the temperature from the solidification start temperature obtained to 450 ° C was calculated. The average cooling rate was 10 ° CZs.
- a copper alloy containing no harmful elements to the environment, such as Be, is rich in product variations, is also excellent in high-temperature strength and workability, and is used for safety tools.
- Excellent performance required for materials, that is, excellent thermal conductivity, abrasion resistance and spark generation resistance A copper alloy and a method for manufacturing the same can be provided.
- FIG. 1 summarizes the relationship between the tensile strength and conductivity of a copper alloy described in Non-Patent Document 1 that does not contain harmful elements such as Be.
- FIG. 2 is a Ti-Cr binary system phase diagram.
- FIG. 3 is a Zr—Cr binary system phase diagram.
- FIG. 4 is a Ti-Zr binary system phase diagram.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between tensile strength and electrical conductivity in each example.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a production method by the Durville method.
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CA002538947A CA2538947A1 (en) | 2003-09-19 | 2004-09-15 | Copper alloy and method for production thereof |
EP04773102A EP1681360B1 (en) | 2003-09-19 | 2004-09-15 | Copper alloy and method for production thereof |
DE602004029805T DE602004029805D1 (de) | 2003-09-19 | 2004-09-15 | Kupferlegierung und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
CN2004800271953A CN1856588B (zh) | 2003-09-19 | 2004-09-15 | 铜合金及其制造方法 |
AT04773102T ATE486150T1 (de) | 2003-09-19 | 2004-09-15 | Kupferlegierung und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
US11/378,646 US10023940B2 (en) | 2003-09-19 | 2006-03-20 | Copper alloy and process for producing the same |
US15/463,607 US10106870B2 (en) | 2003-09-19 | 2017-03-20 | Copper alloy and process for producing the same |
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- 2004-09-15 WO PCT/JP2004/013439 patent/WO2005028689A1/ja active Application Filing
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CN105331845B (zh) * | 2015-12-02 | 2018-11-27 | 芜湖楚江合金铜材有限公司 | 一种高精度异型铜合金线材及其加工工艺 |
CN105624454A (zh) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-06-01 | 王增琪 | 一种高强度高过滤通量合金构件的制备方法 |
JP2018103296A (ja) * | 2016-12-26 | 2018-07-05 | 古河ロックドリル株式会社 | さく岩機 |
JP2021119029A (ja) * | 2016-12-26 | 2021-08-12 | 古河ロックドリル株式会社 | さく岩機 |
JP7085673B2 (ja) | 2016-12-26 | 2022-06-16 | 古河ロックドリル株式会社 | さく岩機 |
CN114086026A (zh) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-02-25 | 铜陵精达新技术开发有限公司 | 一种光伏逆变器用导体线材及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
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ATE486150T1 (de) | 2010-11-15 |
US10023940B2 (en) | 2018-07-17 |
EP1681360B1 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
TWI267559B (en) | 2006-12-01 |
JP3731600B2 (ja) | 2006-01-05 |
JP2005281850A (ja) | 2005-10-13 |
CN1856588B (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
US10106870B2 (en) | 2018-10-23 |
TW200521254A (en) | 2005-07-01 |
DE602004029805D1 (de) | 2010-12-09 |
EP1681360A1 (en) | 2006-07-19 |
CN1856588A (zh) | 2006-11-01 |
CA2538947A1 (en) | 2005-03-31 |
US20060239853A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
KR100766639B1 (ko) | 2007-10-15 |
KR20060037458A (ko) | 2006-05-03 |
EP1681360A4 (en) | 2007-06-13 |
US20170247779A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
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