WO2005087957A1 - 銅合金およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
銅合金およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005087957A1 WO2005087957A1 PCT/JP2005/003502 JP2005003502W WO2005087957A1 WO 2005087957 A1 WO2005087957 A1 WO 2005087957A1 JP 2005003502 W JP2005003502 W JP 2005003502W WO 2005087957 A1 WO2005087957 A1 WO 2005087957A1
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- precipitates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/10—Alloys based on copper with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/03—Contact members characterised by the material, e.g. plating, or coating materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a copper alloy which can be manufactured at low cost without requiring a solution treatment, and which is excellent in both mechanical properties and electrical conductivity, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- Applications of this copper alloy include electric and electronic parts, safety tools, and the like.
- Examples of electrical and electronic components include the following.
- In the electronics field there are connectors for semiconductors, semiconductor sockets, optical pickups, coaxial connectors, and IC checker pins.
- In the communications field there are mobile phone parts (connectors, notch terminals, antenna parts), submarine repeater housings, and connectors for exchanges.
- In the automotive field there are various electrical components such as relays, various switches, micromotors, diaphragms, and various terminals.
- Medical and analytical instruments include medical connectors and industrial connectors.
- In the home appliances field there are relays for home appliances such as air conditioners, optical pickups for game machines, card media connectors, and the like.
- Examples of safety tools include drilling rods, spanners, chain blocks, hammers, drivers, pliers, and pliers, which are used in places where there is a risk of explosion due to ignition from sparks, such as ammunition storage and coal mines. There are tools.
- Be is the second most harmful substance in the environment after Pb and Cd.
- the conventional Cu-Be alloy contains a considerable amount of Be, it is necessary to provide a Be oxide treatment step in the production and processing of copper alloys, which increases the production cost and increases the Issues in the recycling process .
- Cu-Be alloy is a problematic material in view of environmental issues. Therefore, the emergence of a material that minimizes environmentally harmful elements such as Be as much as possible and has both excellent tensile strength and electrical conductivity is expected.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a copper alloy in which Ni Si is precipitated and is called a Corson system.
- This Corson alloy has a tensile strength of 750-820 MPa and an electrical conductivity of about 40%.
- alloys that do not contain environmentally harmful elements such as Be the balance between tensile strength and electrical conductivity is relatively high. But that's the thing.
- this alloy has limitations in both high strength and high conductivity, and as described below, there remains a problem in terms of product correlation.
- This alloy is used to deposit Ni Si
- the electrical resistance (or its reciprocal conductivity) of an alloy is determined by electron scattering, and varies greatly depending on the type of element dissolved in the alloy. Ni dissolved in the alloy significantly increases the electric resistance value (remarkably lowers the electrical conductivity). Therefore, in the above-mentioned Corson alloy, the electrical conductivity decreases when the amount of Ni is increased.
- the tensile strength of copper alloy is obtained by age hardening. The tensile strength is improved as the amount of the precipitate is larger and as the precipitate is more finely dispersed. In the case of Corson alloys, since the precipitated particles are only NiSi, there is a limit to high strength in terms of both the amount of precipitation and the state of dispersion.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a copper alloy containing elements such as Cr and Zr and having good surface hardness and surface roughness and good wire-to-bonding properties. As described in the examples, the copper alloy is manufactured on the premise of hot rolling and solution treatment.
- the safety tool material is required to have mechanical properties comparable to tool steel, for example, strength ⁇ abrasion resistance, and not to cause a spark that causes an explosion. It is required to have excellent occurrence.
- a copper alloy having high thermal conductivity, particularly a Cu—Be alloy aimed at strengthening by aging precipitation of Be has been frequently used.
- Cu-Be alloy is a material with many environmental problems. Nevertheless, Cu-Be alloy has been widely used as a material for safety tools for the following reasons.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the electrical conductivity [IACS (%)] and the thermal conductivity [TC (WZm′K)] of a copper alloy. As shown in Fig. 1, the two are almost in a 1: 1 relationship, and increasing the electrical conductivity [IACS (%;)] increases the thermal conductivity [TC (W / mK)]. In other words, this is nothing less than improving sparking resistance. When a sharp force is applied by a blow or the like during use of a tool, a spark is generated because a specific component in the alloy is burned by heat generated by an impact or the like. As described in Non-Patent Document 1, steel has a thermal conductivity as low as 1Z5 or less of that of copper, and therefore a local temperature rise is likely to occur. Since steel contains C, "c + o ⁇
- FIG. 1 shows the data shown in Non-Patent Document 2.
- the data is organized.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 2572042
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent No. 2714561
- Non-patent document 1 Industrial heating, Vol. 36, No. 3 (1999), published by Japan Industrial Furnace Association, p. 59
- Non-patent document 2 Copper alloy product data book, August 1, 1997, Japan Published by The Copper and Brass Association, 328-355
- a first object of the present invention is to provide a product with an abundance of product variations, excellent ductility and workability, and furthermore, the performance required for a material for a safety tool, namely, thermal conductivity, wear resistance and fire resistance.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a copper alloy having excellent flowering properties.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the above copper alloy.
- this state is referred to as “a state in which the balance between tensile strength and conductivity is extremely good”.
- TS in the equation (a) means tensile strength (MPa), and IACS means conductivity (%).
- the bending property is also equal to or higher than that of a conventional alloy such as a Cu-Be alloy.
- the range of good bending strength is to satisfy B ⁇ 2.0 for a sheet with a tensile strength TS of 800 MPa or less, and to satisfy the following formula (b) for a sheet with a tensile strength TS of more than 800 MPa.
- a copper alloy as a safety tool is required to have not only the tensile strength TS and the electrical conductivity IACS as described above but also wear resistance. Therefore, in the case of copper alloys for safety tools, it is necessary that the wear resistance be at the same level as that of tool steel. Specifically, it is considered that the abrasion resistance is excellent when the hardness at room temperature is Vickers hardness of 250 or more.
- the gist of the present invention is a method for producing a copper alloy shown in the following (A) to (C) and a copper alloy shown in the following (D).
- N means the total number of precipitates and inclusions per unit area (pieces Zmm 2 )
- X means the particle size of precipitates and inclusions ( ⁇ m).
- N means the total number of precipitates and inclusions per unit area (pieces Zmm 2 )
- X means the particle size of precipitates and inclusions ( ⁇ m).
- the neutral force of Ge, Te and Se also includes 0.01-20% in total of one or more selected elements, and the balance consists of copper and impurities, and precipitates and A copper alloy, characterized in that the particle size of inclusions having a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or more and the total number of precipitates and inclusions satisfy the relationship represented by the following formula (1).
- N means the total number of precipitates and inclusions per unit area (pieces Zmm 2 )
- X means the particle size of precipitates and inclusions ( ⁇ m).
- the copper alloy according to any one of the above (A) to (C) may further contain one or more selected from the group consisting of Mg, Li, Ca and a rare earth element in place of a part of copper. seed or more in total 0.001 2 mass 0/0, and / or further P, B, Bi ⁇ Tl, Rb, Cs, Sr, Ba, Tc, Re, Os, Rh, in, Pd, Po, Sb, au, Ga, S, Cd, selected Churyoku of As and Pb 1 or two or more in total 0.001 3 mass 0/0 may contain. Or even, but it may also include Be of 0.1 5 weight 0/0.
- the ratio between the maximum value of the average content and the minimum value of the average content in the microregion of at least one alloy element is 1.5 or more.
- the crystal grain size of these alloys is desirably 0.01 to 35 ⁇ m.
- (D) A piece obtained by melting and manufacturing a copper alloy having the chemical composition described in any of (A) to (C) above, at least immediately after the fabrication. It is characterized by cooling at a cooling rate of 0.5 ° CZs or more in the temperature range from temperature to 450 ° C. And a total number of precipitates and inclusions, which satisfies the relationship represented by the following equation (1).
- N means the total number of precipitates and inclusions per unit area (pieces Zmm 2 )
- X means the particle size of precipitates and inclusions ( ⁇ m).
- processing in a temperature range of 600 ° C. or less or further heat treatment for maintaining the temperature in a temperature range of 150 to 750 ° C. for 30 seconds or more. Machining in a temperature range of 600 ° C or less and multiple heat treatments in a temperature range of 150 to 750 ° C for 30 seconds or more may be performed. You can do the processing! ,.
- the precipitate is a compound of a metal or copper and an additive element, a compound of the additive elements, or the like.
- metallic Cr precipitates, respectively.
- the inclusion is a metal oxide , Metal carbides, metal nitrides and the like.
- % means “% by mass” for the content of each element.
- the copper alloy of the present invention includes Zn, Sn, Ag, Mn, Fe, Co, Al, Ni, Si, Mo, V, Nb, Ta, W, Ge, Te and Se (hereinafter, these elements are referred to as “first It has a chemical composition of 0.1-20% for each selected species, or 0.1-20% for two or more, with the balance being copper and impurities.
- These elements are elements that have the effect of improving the corrosion resistance and the heat resistance while maintaining the balance between the strength and the electrical conductivity even if they are misaligned. This effect is exhibited when these elements are contained in a total of 0.1% or more. However, when these contents are excessive, the electric conductivity decreases. Therefore, when these elements are contained, the total content of one or more of them must be in the range of 0.1 to 20%. In particular, Ag and Sn contribute to high strength due to fine precipitation, so that they are preferably used positively. When the following second element is contained, the strength can be ensured by the second element, so that the lower limit of the first element can be reduced to 0.01%.
- the alloy of the present invention contains 0.01-5% of Ti: 0.01-5% of Zr:
- Cr may contain 0.01-5% of medium strength or any one of the selected strengths. Cr: 0.01-5% may be contained.
- second group elements these elements are referred to as “second group elements”.
- any one of these elements may be contained in the copper alloy of the present invention.
- the effect of improving the strength becomes remarkable when the content of these elements is 0.01% or more.
- the content exceeds 5%, the strength will increase but the conductivity will deteriorate.
- segregation of Ti, Zr, or Hf is caused during fabrication, making it difficult to obtain uniform pieces, and cracking and chipping are likely to occur during subsequent fabrication. Therefore, when any one of Ti, Zr and Hf is contained, It is desirable that the content be 0.01 to 5.0%. In order to obtain a very good balance between tensile strength and electrical conductivity, it is more desirable to contain these elements in an amount of 0.1% or more.
- Cr is an element effective for improving tensile strength without increasing electric resistance. In order to obtain the effect, it is desirable to contain 0.01% or more. In particular, in order to obtain a state in which the balance between the tensile strength and the electrical conductivity is comparable to or higher than that of the Cu—Be alloy and is extremely good, it is desirable to contain 0.1% or more. On the other hand, if the Cr content exceeds 5%, metallic Cr precipitates coarsely, adversely affecting bending properties, fatigue properties, and the like. Therefore, when Cr is contained, the content is desirably 0.01-5%.
- the copper alloy of the present invention contains, for the purpose of increasing the high-temperature strength, 0.001 to 2% of one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Li, Ca, and a rare earth element instead of a part of copper, or It is desirable to contain 0.001 to 2% in total of two or more types. Hereinafter, these are referred to as “third group elements”.
- Mg, Li, Ca and rare earth elements are elements that combine with oxygen atoms in the copper matrix to form fine oxides and increase the high-temperature strength. The effect is remarkable when the total content of these elements is 0.001% or more. However, if the content exceeds 2%, the above-mentioned effects are saturated, and furthermore, there are problems such as a decrease in conductivity and deterioration in bending workability. Therefore, the total content of Mg, Li, Ca and one or more selected rare earth elements is desirably 0.001-2%.
- the rare earth elements mean Sc, Y and lanthanoids, and each element may be added alone. ] And then.
- the copper alloy of the present invention is used in place of copper in order to increase the width ( ⁇ ) of the liquidus line and the solidus line at the time of incorporation of the alloy, and P, B, Bi ⁇ Tl, Rb, Cs, Sr, Ba, Tc, Re, Os, Rh, In, Pd, Po, Sb, Au, Ga, S, Cd, As and Pb. Or it is desirable to contain 0.001-3% of two or more kinds in total. As, Pd, and Cd are harmful elements and should not be used as much as possible. Hereinafter, these are referred to as “group 4 elements”. Note that ⁇ is a force that increases due to the so-called supercooling phenomenon in the case of rapid solidification.
- ⁇ T in a thermal equilibrium state is considered as a guide.
- Each of these elements has an effect of lowering the solidus and expanding ⁇ . If this ⁇ is large, a certain amount of time can be ensured from solidification to solidification, so that it is easy to insert. If ⁇ is too large, the proof stress in the low-temperature range decreases, and cracks occur at the end of solidification. However, so-called solder embrittlement occurs. Therefore, ⁇ is preferably in the range of 50-200 ° C.
- C, N and O are elements usually contained as impurities. These elements form carbides, nitrides and oxides with the metal elements in the alloy. If these precipitates or inclusions are fine, they have the effect of strengthening the alloy, especially increasing the high-temperature strength, as in the case of the later-described compounds such as compounds of metals or copper and additional elements or compounds of additional elements. Therefore, it may be added positively.
- O has the effect of forming an oxidized product and increasing the high-temperature strength. This effect is more likely to be obtained in alloys containing elements that are likely to form oxides such as Mg, Li, Ca and rare earth elements, Al and Si. However, in this case, it is necessary to select conditions that do not leave solid solution O. Residual solute oxygen becomes H 2 O gas during heat treatment in a hydrogen atmosphere, causing a steam explosion.
- each of these elements exceeds 1%, it becomes a coarse precipitate or inclusion, and reduces ductility. Therefore, it is preferable to limit each to 1% or less. More preferably, it is 0.1% or less. Also, if H is contained as an impurity in the alloy, H gas will be contained in the alloy.
- the content thereof is as small as possible because it causes residual rolling flaws and the like.
- Be is an element that contributes to precipitation strengthening of the alloy without significantly impairing the electrical conductivity. In order to obtain this effect, it is desirable to contain 0.1% by mass or more. However, when the content exceeds 5%, not only the conductivity is lowered but also the ductility is lowered, and the workability in rolling, bending and the like is deteriorated. Therefore, when Be is contained, its content is desirably 0.1-5%.
- the relationship between the particle size of precipitates and inclusions having a particle size of at least m and the total number of precipitates and inclusions among the precipitates and inclusions present in the alloy is expressed by the following formula (1). It is necessary to satisfy logN ⁇ 0.4742 + 17.629 X exp (--0.1133 XX)
- N means the total number of precipitates and inclusions per unit area (pieces Zmm 2 )
- X means the particle size of the precipitates and inclusions m).
- the strength is improved without lowering the conductivity. Can be done. These increase the strength by precipitation hardening. The dissolved Cr, Ti and Zr are reduced by precipitation and the conductivity of the copper matrix approaches that of pure copper.
- the total number of precipitates and inclusions present in the alloy those having a particle size of 1 m or more, the total number of precipitates and inclusions, and Satisfies the required relationship as a mandatory requirement.
- the total number of precipitates and inclusions satisfies the relationship represented by the following formula (2), and more preferably satisfies the relationship represented by the following formula (3).
- the particle size and the total number of precipitates and inclusions can be determined by the method described in the examples.
- N is the total number of precipitates and inclusions per unit area (pieces Zmm 2 ), and X is It means the particle size ( ⁇ m) of exudates and inclusions.
- the micro area means an area having a diameter of 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m, and substantially means an area corresponding to an irradiation area in X-ray analysis.
- the regions having different alloy element concentrations in the present invention are the following two types.
- (1) Basically the same fee structure as Cu, but with different alloy element concentrations. Since the alloy element concentrations are different, the lattice constants are generally different even though they have the same fcc structure, and the degree of work hardening is naturally different.
- the average content in a minute region means a value in an analysis area when the beam diameter is narrowed to a fixed value of 1 ⁇ m or less in X-ray analysis, that is, an average value in the region.
- an analyzer with a field emission type electron gun is desirable.
- the analysis means an analysis method having a resolution of 1/5 or less of the concentration cycle is desirable, and more preferably 1/10. The reason for this is that if the analysis area is too large with respect to the concentration cycle, the whole is averaged and a difference in density is unlikely to appear. Generally, it can be measured by X-ray analysis with a probe diameter of about 1 ⁇ m.
- the material properties are determined by the alloy element concentration and the fine precipitates in the parent phase.
- the difference in the concentration of the minute region including the fine precipitates is a problem. Therefore, signals of coarse precipitates and coarse inclusion force of 1 ⁇ m or more are disturbance factors.
- the X-ray analyzer with a probe diameter of about 1 ⁇ m is used. Perform analysis to understand periodic structure of concentration. As described above, the probe diameter is
- the number of the maximum value and the minimum value is averaged by cutting 20% from the larger value for each force that is m.
- the above-mentioned coarse precipitate / inclusion force signal can eliminate disturbance factors.
- the density ratio is determined from the ratio between the maximum value and the minimum value from which the above-described disturbance factors have been removed.
- the concentration ratio should be determined for alloy elements that have a periodic concentration change of about 1 m or more. Atomic level concentration changes of about 10 or less such as spinodal decomposition and fine precipitates are not considered.
- the electric resistance (reciprocal of the electric conductivity) mainly corresponds to a phenomenon in which electron transfer decreases due to scattering of solid solution elements, and almost does not affect macro defects such as crystal grain boundaries. Therefore, the conductivity is not reduced by the fine grain structure described above.
- concentration ratio the ratio of the maximum value of the average content to the minimum value of the average content in the microregion of at least one alloying element in the matrix. It becomes remarkable when it is 1.5 or more.
- concentration ratio is not particularly defined, but if the concentration ratio is too large, the fee structure of the Cu alloy may not be maintained, and the difference in electrochemical characteristics may become too large to cause local corrosion. The negative effects of Therefore,
- the degree ratio is preferably 20 or less, more preferably 10 or less.
- Reducing the crystal grain size of the copper alloy is advantageous for increasing the strength, and also improving ductility and bending workability.
- the crystal grain size is less than 0.01 m, the high-temperature strength tends to decrease, and if it exceeds 35 m, the ductility decreases. Therefore, it is desirable that the crystal grain size is 0.01 to 35 m.
- a more desirable particle size is 0.05-30 m. Most desirable is 0.1-25! ! 1
- inclusions such as metal oxides, metal carbides, and metal nitrides that hinder the fine precipitation of a compound of a metal or copper and an additive element, or a compound of the additive elements, etc. are solidified into pieces. It is easy to generate immediately after. Even if such inclusions are subjected to a solution treatment after fabrication, and even if the temperature of the solution is increased, it is difficult to form a solid solution. Solution treatment at a high temperature only causes aggregation and coarsening of inclusions.
- a copper alloy having the above-mentioned chemical composition is melted and manufactured, and a piece obtained by manufacturing is obtained from at least the piece temperature immediately after the manufacturing.
- a cooling rate of 0.5 ° CZs or more in the temperature range up to 450 ° C the particle size of precipitates and inclusions with a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or more among the It is determined that the total number of objects and inclusions satisfies the relationship expressed by the following equation (1).
- N means the total number of precipitates and inclusions per unit area (pieces Zmm 2 )
- X means the particle size of precipitates and inclusions ( ⁇ m).
- Precipitates such as compounds of metal or copper and additive elements, or compounds of additive elements Is formed in a temperature range of 280 ° C or higher.
- inclusions such as metal oxides, metal carbides, and metal nitrides are formed coarsely, and the particle size is 20 m. As mentioned above, it may reach several hundreds / zm.
- the above precipitates are coarsened to 20 m or more. In a state where such coarse precipitates and inclusions are formed, there is a risk that cracks and breaks may occur during the subsequent processing, but the precipitation hardening action of the precipitates in the aging process is impaired, and the alloy is formed.
- a piece obtained by forging is cooled under a predetermined condition, and then is processed without undergoing a hot process such as hot rolling or solution treatment, and aging heat. Only the combination of treatments leads to the final product.
- Processing such as rolling and drawing may be performed at 600 ° C or less.
- these processes may be performed in a cooling process after solidification. If the sintering is performed in a temperature range exceeding 600 ° C, precipitates such as a compound of metal or copper and the additive element or a compound of the additive element are coarsely deposited during processing, and the ductility and the resistance of the final product are reduced. Decreases impact and fatigue properties. In addition, if these precipitates are coarsely precipitated during processing, they cannot be finely precipitated during the aging treatment, and the copper alloy has insufficient strength.
- the processing temperature the higher the dislocation density during processing. Therefore, in the subsequent aging treatment, a precipitate such as a compound of a metal or copper and an additive element, or a compound of the additive elements is finer. Can be deposited. For this reason, higher strength can be given to the copper alloy. Therefore, the preferred kato temperature is 450 ° C or less, and more preferably 250 ° C or less. Most preferred is below 200 ° C. It may be 25 ° C or less.
- the processing in the above temperature range be performed with the processing rate (cross-section reduction rate) of 20% or more. More preferred is 50% or more. If processing is performed at such a processing rate, the dislocations introduced thereby become precipitation nuclei during the aging treatment, thereby minimizing the precipitates, shortening the time required for precipitation, and improving the conductivity. Reduce harmful solid solution elements quickly Period.
- a metal alloy, a compound of copper and an additive element, or a precipitate such as a compound of the additive elements is precipitated to increase the strength of the copper alloy, and at the same time, a solid solution element (Cr, Ti etc.) is effective to improve conductivity.
- a solid solution element Cr, Ti etc.
- the processing temperature is lower than 150 ° C, it takes a long time to diffuse the precipitated elements, and the productivity is reduced.
- the treatment temperature exceeds 750 ° C, the precipitates become too coarse to increase the strength by the precipitation hardening action, and also deteriorate the ductility, impact resistance and fatigue properties. Therefore, it is desirable to perform aging treatment in the temperature range of 150-750 ° C.
- the preferred aging temperature is 200-700 ° C, more preferably 250-650 ° C. Most preferred is 280-550 ° C.
- the aging treatment time is less than 30 seconds, a desired amount of precipitation cannot be secured even if the aging treatment temperature is set high. If the aging treatment time exceeds 72 hours, the treatment cost increases. Therefore, it is desirable to perform the aging treatment in the temperature range of 150-750 ° C for 30 seconds or more.
- the processing time is preferably 5 minutes or more, and more preferably 10 minutes or more. Most preferred is 15 minutes or more. There is no particular upper limit on the processing time, but it is preferable to set it to 72 hours or less from the viewpoint of processing cost. When the aging temperature is high, the aging time can be shortened.
- the aging treatment is preferably performed in a reducing atmosphere, an inert gas atmosphere, or a vacuum of 20 Pa or less in order to prevent the generation of scale due to oxidation of the surface. An excellent plating property is also ensured by the treatment in such an atmosphere.
- the above processing and aging treatment may be repeatedly performed as necessary. If repeated, a desired amount of precipitation can be obtained in a shorter time than in a single treatment (force treatment and aging treatment), and a compound of a metal or copper and an additive element, or a compound between additive elements can be obtained. Precipitates such as compounds can be more finely precipitated.
- the second aging temperature is slightly lower (20-70 ° C lower) than the first aging temperature. The reason for performing such a heat treatment is that if the second aging treatment temperature is higher, the precipitate generated during the first aging treatment becomes coarse.
- the aging treatment temperature It is desirable to lower it. After the last heat treatment, processing in a temperature range of 600 ° C. or less may be performed.
- the dissolution is preferably performed in a non-oxidizing or reducing atmosphere. This is because when the amount of dissolved oxygen in the molten copper increases, steam is generated in a later step to generate blisters, so-called hydrogen disease. In addition, if a solid solution element which is easily oxidized, such as a coarse oxide such as Ti or Cr, is generated and remains in the final product, the ductility and fatigue properties are significantly reduced.
- the method of obtaining pieces is preferably a continuous method in terms of productivity and solidification rate, but other methods such as an ingot method may be used as long as they satisfy the above conditions.
- a preferable charging temperature is 1250 ° C. or more. More preferred is 1350 ° C or higher. At this temperature, Cr, Ti, and Zr can be sufficiently dissolved, and inclusions such as metal oxides, metal carbides, and metal nitrides, compounds of metal or copper and an additive element, or a mixture of additive elements This is because a precipitate such as a compound is not generated.
- a method using a graphite mold which is usually performed with a copper alloy, is recommended from the viewpoint of lubricity.
- a mold material a refractory which does not easily react with Ti, Cr or Zr which is a main alloy element, for example, zirconia may be used.
- a copper alloy having the chemical composition shown in Tables 13 was vacuum-melted in a high-frequency melting furnace, and inserted into a zirconium mold to obtain a piece having a thickness of 12 mm.
- Rare earth elements were prepared by adding each element alone or misch metal.
- the asterisk (*) means that the academic achievement specified in the present invention is not satisfied.
- the obtained piece was cooled to a predetermined cooling rate by spray cooling at a temperature range from 950 ° C to 450 ° C, which is the temperature immediately after fabrication (the temperature immediately after being removed from the mold). And cooled.
- the temperature change at a predetermined location was measured by a thermocouple embedded in the mold, and the surface temperature after the piece exited the mold was measured at several points using a contact thermometer. By combining these results with the heat transfer analysis, the average cooling rate of the chip surface up to 450 ° C was calculated.
- the starting point of solidification was determined by preparing a melt of 0.2 g of each component and performing thermal analysis during continuous cooling at a predetermined speed.
- a rolled material having a thickness of 10 mm, a width of 80 mm and a length of 150 mm was produced by cutting and cutting.
- solution heat treatment was performed at 950 ° C.
- These rolled materials were rolled at room temperature with a rolling reduction of 80% (first rolling) to obtain a 2 mm-thick plate, and then subjected to aging treatment (first aging) under predetermined conditions to prepare test materials.
- Some of the test materials were further rolled at room temperature with a reduction of 95% (second rolling) to a thickness of 0.1 mm, and then aged under the specified conditions (second aging).
- the production conditions are shown in Table 417.
- a section perpendicular to the rolling surface and parallel to the rolling direction of each test material is mirror-polished and etched as it is or after etching with an aqueous ammonia solution. Observed. Thereafter, the value obtained by measuring the major axis of the precipitates and inclusions (the length of the longest straight line in the grain under conditions that do not contact the grain boundary in the middle) is defined as the grain size.
- the measured value of the particle size of precipitates and inclusions is 1.0 m or more and less than 1.5 m
- X l is substituted and “ ⁇ 0.5” ⁇ m or more and “ ⁇ + 0.5” ⁇ m
- X a (a is an integer of 2 or more) should be substituted.
- the total number of n was calculated, assuming that half of the lines crossing the lmm X lmm field of view for each particle size and one within the frame were n.
- a cross section of the alloy was polished and a beam diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m, a 50- ⁇ m length with a 2000-fold field of view was randomly analyzed by X-ray prayer for 10 lines, and the content of each alloy element in each line analysis The maximum and minimum values were determined. For each of the maximum value and the minimum value, the maximum value and the average value of the maximum value and the minimum value for the remaining eight samples from which two were removed were calculated, and the ratio was calculated as the concentration ratio.
- a 13B test piece specified in JIS Z 2201 was sampled from the above test material so that the tensile direction and the rolling direction were parallel, and according to the method specified in JIS Z 2241, at room temperature (25 ° C).
- the tensile strength [TS (MPa)] was determined.
- a test piece with a width of 10 mm and a length of 60 mm was sampled from the above test material so that the longitudinal direction and the rolling direction were parallel, and a current was applied in the longitudinal direction of the test piece to measure the potential difference between both ends of the test piece.
- the electrical resistance was determined by the four-terminal method. Subsequently, the electrical resistance (resistivity) per unit volume was calculated from the volume of the test piece measured by a micrometer, and the conductivity [1.72 ⁇ 'cm of the standard sample annealed with polycrystalline pure copper was calculated as the conductivity [ IACS (%;)].
- test specimens with a width of 10 mm and a length of 60 mm were sampled from the above test materials so that the longitudinal direction and the rolling direction were parallel to each other. did.
- Kffiajroj of the target element cable ⁇ bending workability j means that it satisfies the condition determined by the formula ⁇ b).
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the tensile strength and the electrical conductivity of each example.
- Table 417 and FIG. 2 in Invention Example 1-67, since the chemical composition, concentration ratio, and total number of precipitates and inclusions were within the ranges specified in the present invention, the tensile strength and the conductivity The rate satisfied equation (a) above. Therefore, these alloys are considered to have the same level of conductivity and tensile strength as or higher than that of the Be-added copper alloy. Thus, it can be seen that the copper alloy of the present invention is rich in the tensile strength and electrical conductivity.
- Examples 1, 6, 11, 16, 34, 36, 37, 39, 41, 64, 65 and 66 of the present invention are examples in which the addition amount and Z or the production conditions were finely adjusted in the same component system.
- These alloys have a relationship between the tensile strength and the electrical conductivity as indicated by “ ⁇ ” in FIG. 2 and can be said to be copper alloys having the properties of conventionally known copper alloys. The bending characteristics were also good.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 4, 6, 10, 12—14, 16, and 17 were inferior in bending workability and low in conductivity with any of the contents out of the range specified in the present invention.
- Examples 13 and 17 did not reach the property evaluation because the ears were severely cracked in the second rolling and sampling was impossible.
- Samples were prepared by the following methods to evaluate application to safety tools, and abrasion resistance (Pickers hardness) and spark generation resistance were evaluated.
- Specimens of 10 mm wide and 10 mm long were sampled from the test material, and a section perpendicular to the rolling surface and parallel to the rolling direction was mirror-polished, and was subjected to 25 ° C by the method specified in JIS Z 2244.
- the Pickers hardness at a load of 9.8 N was measured.
- thermocouple was inserted at a position 5mm below the inner wall of the ⁇ type 100mm from the lower cross section, the temperature was measured, and the average up to 450 ° C determined based on the liquidus line obtained from the heat transfer calculation
- the cooling rate is 10. S / s.
- the product has abundant product variability, excellent high-temperature strength and workability, and furthermore, the performance required for a material for a safety tool, that is, thermal conductivity, abrasion resistance and A copper alloy excellent in spark generation resistance and a method for producing the same can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a relationship between electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing the relationship between tensile strength and electrical conductivity in each example.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a production method by the Durville method.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
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EP05719817A EP1731624A4 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2005-03-02 | COPPER ALLOY AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREOF |
CA002559103A CA2559103A1 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2005-03-02 | Copper alloy and method for production thereof |
US11/518,194 US20070062619A1 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2006-09-11 | Copper alloy and process for producing the same |
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JP2004-071571 | 2004-03-12 | ||
JP2004071571 | 2004-03-12 | ||
JP2004093661 | 2004-03-26 | ||
JP2004-093661 | 2004-03-26 | ||
JP2004234891A JP2005307334A (ja) | 2004-03-26 | 2004-08-11 | 銅合金およびその製造方法 |
JP2004-234891 | 2004-08-11 | ||
JP2004234868A JP2005290543A (ja) | 2004-03-12 | 2004-08-11 | 銅合金およびその製造方法 |
JP2004-234868 | 2004-08-11 |
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US11/518,194 Continuation US20070062619A1 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2006-09-11 | Copper alloy and process for producing the same |
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WO2005087957A1 true WO2005087957A1 (ja) | 2005-09-22 |
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US (1) | US20070062619A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1731624A4 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20060120276A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2559103A1 (ja) |
TW (1) | TW200538562A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005087957A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018076161A1 (zh) * | 2016-10-25 | 2018-05-03 | 广东伟强铜业科技有限公司 | 一种黄铜合金及其制造方法 |
CN111748712A (zh) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-10-09 | 云南新铜人实业有限公司 | 一种铜银合金带材及其生产工艺 |
CN111748712B (zh) * | 2020-06-18 | 2021-08-06 | 云南新铜人实业有限公司 | 一种铜银合金带材及其生产工艺 |
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CA2559103A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
US20070062619A1 (en) | 2007-03-22 |
KR20060120276A (ko) | 2006-11-24 |
EP1731624A4 (en) | 2007-06-13 |
TW200538562A (en) | 2005-12-01 |
EP1731624A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 |
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