WO2004094808A1 - 内燃機関用ピストン - Google Patents
内燃機関用ピストン Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004094808A1 WO2004094808A1 PCT/JP2004/004629 JP2004004629W WO2004094808A1 WO 2004094808 A1 WO2004094808 A1 WO 2004094808A1 JP 2004004629 W JP2004004629 W JP 2004004629W WO 2004094808 A1 WO2004094808 A1 WO 2004094808A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- internal combustion
- less
- piston
- combustion engine
- steel
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/16—Pistons having cooling means
- F02F3/20—Pistons having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
- F02F3/22—Pistons having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D30/00—Cooling castings, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0672—Omega-piston bowl, i.e. the combustion space having a central projection pointing towards the cylinder head and the surrounding wall being inclined towards the cylinder center axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
- F16J1/01—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers characterised by the use of particular materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/49249—Piston making
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a piston for an internal combustion engine suitable for an automobile engine, particularly a diesel engine, and a method for producing the same.
- seizure resistance also called “scuffing resistance” or “scoring resistance”
- the surface of the piston or mating member will be scratched, which not only promotes wear, but also causes galling. It can also lead. Therefore, seizure resistance is a very important property for biston.
- the spherical graphite mirror iron piston is made thinner for the purpose of weight reduction, the high-temperature rigidity becomes too low, and cracks may occur in the pin boss, skirt, etc. in addition to the lip. For this reason, there is a limit to the drastic lightness of spherical graphite cystal iron pistons.
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view of an example of the piston 100.
- the piston 100 includes a combustion chamber 105, a top surface 106, a head 101 having an opening edge (lip) 107 of the combustion chamber 105, a skirt portion 102, a top land 108, and a ring groove 109 in which a piston ring is mounted.
- 100h represents the compression height from the center of the pin hole to the top surface 106.
- the weight ratio is C: 0.32-0.45%, Si: 0.4-0.9%, Mn: 1.0-; 1.8%, P: 0.035% or less, S: 0.065% or less, V: 0.06 to 0.15%, balance: Forged steel of precipitation hardened ferrite-parlite structure made of Fe, and skirt portion 102 is made of a light alloy such as aluminum.
- Such a configuration is described as compared with the conventional Fe b AiCr ⁇ 4 alloy (JIS equivalent SCM440) can be produced at low cost.
- the forged steel piston 100 has excellent high-temperature rigidity, the combustion pressure rises to 20 to 25 MPa due to the absence of self-lubricating graphite in the structure. In this case, seizure resistance and wear resistance may be insufficient.
- sulfides and nonmetallic inclusions are stretched thinly (along the forging line) in the main deformation direction during forging, and this becomes the starting point, resulting in high thermal and mechanical properties. Thermal cracks may occur in the lip 107 and the like of the combustion chamber 105 under load.
- the forging method cannot integrally manufacture a piston containing the cooling cavity 103 in a single process, so it is necessary to process the cooling cavity 103 and fix the lid f that closes the cavity 103, etc. However, this may increase manufacturing costs.
- Japanese Patent No. 2,981,899 discloses a piston ring material which is used by nitriding its surface to improve abrasion resistance and seizure resistance.
- C 0.6 to: 1.1%, Si: 2.0% or less, Mn: 2% or less, Cr: 10.0-18.0%, Mo and Mo or W (Mo + 1/2 W): 0.5 to 40%
- V and / or (V + 1/2 Nb) 0.05 to 2.0%, Ni: 2.5% or less, Co: 12% or less, Ni + Co: 0.5% or more, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.005% or less, 0: 30ppm or less
- V and Nb not only refine crystal grains to improve toughness, but also form carbides to improve wear resistance and seizure resistance, and to improve tempering softening resistance.
- the biston ring is formed by processing a narrow plate material into a ring shape, and a steel material containing a large amount of Cr carbide can be easily produced.
- a monolithic product having a complex shape and a large amount of processing like a piston there are problems such as a low production yield due to difficulties in manufacturing and processing, or enormous costs and man-hours. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to integrally form a piston from the above piston ring material.
- the above-mentioned biston ring material does not have the required high temperature resistance, high temperature rigidity, heat crack resistance, etc., and seizure resistance, etc., it is not possible to use it for integral biston. Can not.
- the biston temperature will rise to about 450 to 500 ° C and the combustion pressure will rise to about 20 to 25 MPa as the combustion temperature rises.
- the piston is required to have heat resistance to withstand such high temperature and pressure.
- high seizure resistance is ensured so that galling does not occur due to contact with mating members such as cylinder liners, piston pins, and piston rings.
- mating members such as cylinder liners, piston pins, and piston rings.
- we have to reduce the inertial force during reciprocation of the piston reduce the weight of bistons, reduce friction, reduce engine noise, and reduce engine room size. There are also requests. Therefore, it has been desired to reduce the thickness of the piston and reduce the compression height.
- the piston should be high enough so that it does not crack or crack due to vibration or shock when used under high thermal and mechanical loads. / It is required to have strength and ductility. In particular, ductility is required not only for use in engines, but also for production and assembly processes, in order to avoid cracks and cracks. Generally, ductility at low temperatures below room temperature is represented by room temperature elongation. Purpose of the invention
- an object of the present invention is to provide a high room temperature elongation, a high high temperature proof stress, a high temperature rigidity and a high heat resistance so that it can be used even when the piston temperature rises to 450 ° C or more and the combustion pressure rises to 20 MPa or more.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a piston for an internal combustion engine that has cracking properties and is excellent in seizure resistance, and is particularly suitable for a diesel engine and the like.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a powerful internal combustion engine piston. Disclosure of the invention
- the piston for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention is characterized by being integrally formed. That is, in the piston for an internal combustion engine of the present invention, the head, the pin boss, and the skirt are physically structured. It is preferable that the biston for the internal combustion engine, which is integrally formed, has a cooling cavity.
- a piston for an internal combustion engine is suitable for a diesel engine, and in particular, preferably has a combustion chamber at the head and a cooling cavity formed near the combustion chamber.
- the first steel that forms the piston for an internal combustion engine of the present invention is, by mass ratio, C : 0.8% or less, Si: 3% or less, Mn: 3% or less, S: 0.2% or less, Ni: 3% or less. , Cr: 6% or less, Cu: 6% or less, Nb: 0.01 to 3%, and preferably the composition substantially consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities. More preferable composition is C: 0.1 to 0.55%, Si: 0.2 to 2%, Mn: 0.3 to 3%, S: more than 0.005%, 0.2% or less, Ni: 1% or less, Cr: 3% by mass ratio.
- Cu 1 to 4%
- Nb 0.1 to 3%
- the balance substantially consists of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
- the second steel which forms the piston for an internal combustion engine of the present invention has a mass ratio of C: 0.:! 0.8%, Si: 3% or less, Mn: 3% or less, S: 0.2% or less, Ni: 10% or less, Cr: 30% or less, Cu: 6% or less, Nb: 0.05 to 8%, balance substantially It is preferable to have a composition consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities. More preferable composition is C: 0.1 to 0.55%, Si: 0.2 to 2%, Mn: 0.3 to 3%, S: 0.05 to 0.2% s Ni: 0.5 to 6%, Cr: 6 to 20% by mass ratio. Cu: 1-4%, Nb: 0.2-5%, balance substantially consists of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
- the content of C, Ni and Nb preferably satisfies the requirement of 0.05 (C% + 0.15Ni% -0.12Nb%) ⁇ 0.8.
- the austenite phase of the matrix structure is preferably less than 30% of the entire steel structure.
- the first and second bell steels for a piston for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention further contain 0.5% by mass or less of V, Z or Ti. It is preferable that the first and second steels further contain at least one of Al, Mg and Ca in an amount of 0.04% by mass or less.
- the second steel is heat-treated by air cooling after maintaining the temperature at 450 ° C or higher after cylindrical production.
- treatment is performed. It is more preferable that the second steel is subjected to a heat treatment in which the steel is kept at 1000 ° C. or more after the production, rapidly cooled, and then kept at 450 ° C. or more and air-cooled.
- steels (1) steel whose base structure is composed of c-fluorite phase and pearlite phase (hereinafter simply referred to as “ ⁇ - ⁇ -based steel”), and (2) base structure whose phase structure is ⁇ -fluorite phase It is preferable to use a steel consisting of a martensite phase and having an austenite phase of less than 30% (hereinafter simply referred to as “ ⁇ -II series steel”).
- ⁇ -II steel In particular, to withstand severe thermal mechanical loads such as bistons for diesel engines, it is preferable to use ⁇ -II steel, and specifically, precipitation hardening stainless steel is used as ⁇ -II steel.
- ⁇ -II steel It has seizure resistance based on a material that has heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance such as SCS24 (JIS) steel and SUS630 (JIS) (previously known as 17-4PH) precipitation hardening stainless steel. Steel whose composition has been modified as described above is preferred.
- Integrating the structure into the Nine Net shape not only eliminates the need to assemble or join the components, but also reduces the processing cost. Therefore, the manufacturing cost is significantly lower than that of the assembling forged biston described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,136,992, which requires the attachment of the lid of the heating cavity of the cooling cavity and the assembly of the head and the skirt. Having. In addition, with an integrally forged piston, there is no need to add a space for machining the cooling cavity, and the compression height can be reduced, so that the piston can be made lighter and more compact. If the head, pin boss, and skirt, which are the components of the piston, are integrally formed by structure, they can be used as gasoline engine pistons that do not require a cooling cavity. Furthermore, if it is formed integrally with the structure including the cooling cavity, it is suitable as a piston for diesel engines. It is particularly suitable as a direct injection type diesel engine piston with a combustion chamber at the head of the piston and a cooling cavity formed near the combustion chamber.
- the eutectic carbide in the structure should have an area ratio of!: ⁇ 35% . Since eutectic carbides have high hardness, by setting the eutectic carbides in the structure to an area ratio of 1 to 35%, the high-hardness eutectic carbides contained in the piston are contained in, for example, the cylinder liner material. Carbide included in biston ring material, martensite by carburizing and quenching the surface of biston pin material Reduces the aggressiveness of the hard phase to biston.
- the inclusion of an appropriate amount of eutectic carbide reduces the area ratio of the matrix phase (ie, base structure), which has relatively high cohesiveness, and thus suppresses the cohesion of matrix phases between biston and the mating member.
- the above-mentioned effect can be obtained when the area ratio of eutectic carbide is 1% or more, but if it exceeds 35%, the eutectic carbide has high hardness, so the aggressiveness to the mating member increases and the mating member wears. Progresses, the seizure resistance decreases, and the ductility decreases. For this reason, the area ratio of eutectic carbide in the structure is specified to be 1 to 35%.
- the area ratio refers to the ratio (percentage) of the total area of the eutectic carbide to the total measured area of the visual field.
- the eutectic carbides in the structure do not form a uniform and uniform dispersion in the structure, but form eutectic colonies, which are aggregates of the eutectic carbides and the matrix phase (base structure).
- the presence of dispersed eutectic colonies can improve seizure resistance without significantly impairing ductility.
- a eutectic colony as schematically shown in Fig. 5, is a fine eutectic carbide 51 densely crystallized in a matrix phase 53, and the eutectic carbide 51 and the matrix phase 53 form an aggregate. It exists in a form.
- eutectic carbides have high hardness, as described above, they contribute to securing wear resistance and improving seizure resistance.However, if they are present as eutectic colonies and are dispersed in the tissue, seizure resistance is further enhanced. improves.
- the matrix phase wears preferentially in a concave shape. This concave region acts as an oil pool such as lubricating oil, so that the oil retention of the piston is improved, and as a result, seizure resistance is improved.
- an increase in carbides causes a decrease in ductility. However, since carbides exist as fine eutectic carbides surrounded by a matrix phase, the decrease in ductility is greatly suppressed.
- the piston of the present invention slides against a cylinder liner made of high P (phosphorus) flake graphite and iron equivalent to, for example, FC300 as a mating member, the eutectic carbide contained in the piston exists in the cylinder liner structure. Reduces the aggressiveness of the hardened steadite, preventing the piston from being scratched, ensuring abrasion resistance, and at the same time Due to the synergistic effect resulting from the improvement of the heat resistance, it has excellent seizure resistance.
- the eutectic carbide contained in the biston suppresses the wear of the piston due to the high hardness carburized phase contained in the piston. This results in a piston with excellent wear and seizure resistance.
- the eutectic carbide preferably has an average equivalent circle diameter of 3 ⁇ or less.
- the average equivalent circle diameter of the eutectic carbide means the average value of the diameter of a circle (pseudo circle) when the area of the eutectic carbide is converted into a circle having the same area.
- the number of eutectic colonies having one (cluster) eutectic colony having an area of 50 ⁇ 2 or more is 10 or more in a tissue cross-sectional area of 1 mm 2 (that is, per unit square millimeter area). Is preferred.
- elements of the IVa group and Va group such as Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, and Ta may be contained. These elements combine with C to make eutectic carbides finer, and form eutectic carbides in the form of aggregates surrounded by a matrix phase, that is, crystallize as eutectic coloes, resulting in seizure resistance and wear resistance. Contribute to improvement. Among them, especially when the eutectic carbide includes N carbide (NC), in addition to the improvement of seizure resistance and abrasion resistance, improvement of machinability and securing of machinability are promoted by the effects described below. More preferred. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a bistone according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a metallographic micrograph ( ⁇ 100) of Example 41.
- Figure 3 is a metallographic micrograph (100x) of Comparative Example 5.
- FIG. 4 is a metallographic micrograph ( ⁇ 400) of Example 41.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a eutectic carbide and a eutectic colony.
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the thermal crack test device.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a reciprocating friction wear test.
- Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the pin-on-disk test.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional bistone in which a head including a pin boss portion and a skirt portion manufactured separately are assembled.
- C forms eutectic carbides, lowers the solidification temperature, and improves the fluidity of the molten metal, that is, the isoformability, which improves the flowability of the molten metal during casting. This effect is very important when the piston is made thin.
- C exceeds 0.8%, the area ratio of eutectic carbides exceeds 35%, and a large amount of crystallization occurs, and the amount of precipitated carbides such as Cr increases, thereby deteriorating seizure resistance and ductility.
- the aggressiveness of the opponent member is increased. Therefore, C is less than 0.8%.
- the content of C is preferably from 0.1 to 0.6%, more preferably from 0.3 to 0.55%.
- Si has a role as a deoxidizing agent for the molten metal, and secures structural properties such as preventing gas defects due to CO gas and the like. If the Si content exceeds 3%, the thermal shock resistance and machinability are reduced. Therefore, the content of Si is 3% or less, preferably 0.2 to 2%.
- Mn improves the machinability by deoxidizing the molten metal and generating nonmetallic inclusions. However, if Mn exceeds 3%, the toughness is reduced. Therefore, Mn is set to 3% or less, preferably 0.3 to 3%, more preferably 0.3 to 2%.
- Ni maintains high-precision dimensional accuracy of pistons by maintaining high-temperature resistance, suppressing high-temperature strength reduction, and maintaining high-temperature rigidity even when the piston temperature rises to 450 ° C or higher. Prevents defects such as pie, galling, seizure and breakage.
- the content of i having such an effect is 3% or less, preferably 1% or less.
- Cr has the effect of strengthening the base structure and increasing the high temperature resistance.
- a passive film is formed on the biston surface, reducing the opportunity for the base structure inside the biston to directly contact the mating member.
- the Cr content should be 6% or less.
- the Cr content is more preferably 4% or less, particularly 3% or less.
- Cu precipitates finely in the matrix structure, enhances self-lubricating properties, and prevents seizure. If the content exceeds 6%, the high-temperature stiffness and ductility decrease, so the Cu content should be 6% or less. Cu is preferably 1-4%.
- Nb combines with C to crystallize fine eutectic carbides (bC) in the form of eutectic colonies, improving the seizure resistance and wear resistance of the piston. In addition to improving the flowability of the molten metal during fabrication, it also improves the formability, such as preventing shrinkage cavities and cracks (hot cracks) caused by solidification shrinkage and other mirror defects. In addition, Nb suppresses the formation of precipitation-type coarse carbides such as Cr carbide, so that it suppresses a decrease in ductility and an increase in aggressiveness to a mating member and also secures machinability during processing. In addition to eutectic carbides, they have the effect of forming carbonitrides to strengthen pearlite.
- Nb is set to 0.01 to 3%.
- Nb is preferably 0.:! 33%, more preferably 0.2-3%.
- S forms sulfides with Mn and Cr to improve heat crack resistance, Has the effect of improving the machinability of steel. However, if S exceeds 0.2%, S-based inclusions become excessive and heat crack resistance deteriorates. In order to form sulfides and S-based inclusions in a well-balanced manner and to achieve both appropriate heat crack resistance and machinability, S is 0.2% or less, preferably 0 to 0.2%, and more preferably 0.03 to 0.2%. 0.2%. (9) Mo: 5% or less
- Mo is set to 5% or less, preferably 1% or less to increase the high-temperature strength.
- Co 5% or less
- Co is set to 5% or less, preferably 3% or less in order to improve the high-temperature resistance, high-temperature strength, and high-temperature rigidity by forming a solid solution in the base structure.
- Al, Mg and Ca can be contained because they have an effect as a deoxidizing agent for the molten metal, and also act as sulfide nuclei having an effect on machinability and have an effect of finely dispersing them. . On the other hand, if these are contained excessively, they remain as non-metallic inclusions in the base structure and reduce the heat crack resistance. Therefore, if necessary, at least one of Al, Mg and Ca can be contained at 0.04% or less.
- Elements of the I Va group and Va group such as Ti, Zr, Hf, V, and Ta have the same effect as N.
- the contents of V and Ti are each preferably 0.5% or less.
- W may be contained at 5% or less, B may be contained at 0.05% or less, and N may be contained at 0.1% or less.
- C is essential for generating eutectic carbides and has an effect of improving the formability. If C exceeds 0.8%, the area ratio of eutectic carbides exceeds 35%, and a large amount of crystallization occurs, and the precipitation carbides such as Cr increase, resulting in a decrease in seizure resistance and ductility. The aggressiveness to the opponent member increases. Therefore, the content of C is 0.;! To 0.8%, preferably 0.1 to 0.55%, and more preferably 0 :! to 0.4%.
- Si 3% or less
- Si is less than 3%, preferably 0.2 to 2%.
- Mn is less than 3%, preferably 0.3-3% c
- Ni is preferably 0.5-6%.
- Cr forms a passive film on the surface of the piston, reducing the chance that the base structure inside the piston directly contacts the mating member. It also has the effect of increasing the strength of biston by transforming the base structure into martensite in combination with Ni and Cu. Even if the content is 30% or more, the degree of the effect does not change, the alloy cost rises, it is uneconomical, and the carbide precipitated with C increases, reducing ductility and machinability during processing and reducing 30% or less because this will increase the aggressiveness. Cr is preferably 6 to 20%.
- Cu precipitates finely in the graveyard structure, enhancing self-lubricating properties and preventing seizure. If the content exceeds 6%, the high-temperature stiffness and ductility decrease, so the Cu content should be 6% or less. Cu is preferably 1-4%.
- Nb combines with C to crystallize fine eutectic carbides (NbC) in the form of eutectic colonies, improving the seizure and wear resistance of the piston. In addition to improving the flowability of the molten metal at the time of forming, it also improves the formability such as preventing shrinkage cavities and cracks (hot cracks) caused by solidification shrinkage. In addition, Nb suppresses the formation of precipitation-type coarse carbides such as Cr carbide, so that it suppresses a decrease in ductility and an increase in aggressiveness to a mating member, and also secures machinability during processing. NbC also has the effect of improving high-temperature resistance. To achieve such effects, a Nb content of 0.05% or more is required.
- Nb is set to 0.05 to 8%.
- Nb is preferably 0.2-5%, More preferably, it is set to 0.2 to 3.5%.
- S forms sulfides with Mn and Cr to improve heat cracking resistance, and also generates S-based inclusions that reduce heat cracking resistance, thereby improving machinability by its internal lubricating action.
- S exceeds 0.2%, S-based inclusions become excessive, and the heat crack resistance deteriorates.
- S is 0.2% or less, preferably 0.05 to 0.2%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.2% or less.
- Mo is less than 5%, preferably less than 3% for the same reasons as the first mirror steel.
- Co is 5% or less, preferably 3% or less.
- the content of C, Ni and Nb preferably satisfies the condition of 0.05 (C% + 0.15%-0.12Nb%) ⁇ 0.8 (mass ratio).
- NbC is generated, the amount of C in austenite is reduced, and as a result, the amount of Nb that acts to prevent the decrease of the Ms point of the base and the amount of Ni that causes the decrease of the Ms point are reduced by 0.05 (C% + 0.15Ni%- The desired high temperature proof stress and high temperature rigidity can be obtained by limiting the range to 0.12Nb%) ⁇ 0.8.
- At least one of Al, Mg and Ca may be contained in an amount of 0.04% or less.
- Group IVa and Va elements such as Ti, Zr, Hf, V and Ta also have the same effect as Nb.
- the contents of V and Ti are each preferably 0.5% or less.
- W may be contained at 5% or less, B may be contained at 0.05% or less, and N may be contained at 0.1% or less.
- P is inevitably mixed from the raw material, but it is preferably as small as possible because it lowers the toughness, and specifically, it is preferably 0.05% or less.
- the steel preferably has a structure in which the eutectic carbide in the structure has an area ratio of 1 to 35% and the eutectic carbide forms a eutectic colony (an aggregate of the eutectic carbide and the matrix phase).
- the average equivalent circle diameter of the eutectic carbide is preferably 3 ⁇ or less.
- the number of eutectic colonies having an area of 50 ⁇ 2 or more is preferably 10 or more per 1 mm 2 of tissue cross-sectional area.
- the eutectic carbide preferably contains Nb carbide.
- the area ratio of sulfide containing at least one of Mn and Cr in the tissue is 0.2 to 3.0%, and the sulfide with circularity of 0.7 or more of the total number of sulfides
- the number of objects is at least 70%.
- the piston temperature rises to 450 ° C or higher, and the combustion pressure rises to 20 MPa or more.
- the piston has sufficient high temperature resistance, high temperature rigidity, and heat crack resistance.
- stainless steel has higher heat cracking resistance than spheroidal graphite iron, etc., so that thermal cracks are less likely to occur in the combustion chamber or near the lip where it becomes hot, and its high-temperature rigidity makes it lighter. Since the shape and dimensions can be maintained even when the thickness of the main part is reduced, problems such as abrasion, blow-by, galling, seizure and breakage do not easily occur and the engine performance is not impaired.
- the weight of the piston and reducing the compression height, etc. the weight of the entire engine is reduced, the engine output is increased and fuel consumption is reduced, engine noise is reduced, and the engine room capacity is reduced. It becomes possible. Also, by specifying the area ratio of eutectic carbide, sufficient ductility (normal temperature elongation) can be ensured. No cracks or cracks occur during handling such as middle and arrangement to the engine and assembling.
- the mirror steel has a 0.2% resistance to heat of 350 MPa or more and a modulus of longitudinal elasticity of 140 GPa or more in the range of 350 ° C. to 500 ° C.
- the modulus of longitudinal elasticity which is an index of high-temperature stiffness
- the modulus of longitudinal elasticity should be 100 GPa or more at a Biston temperature of 450 ° C or more. If the heat resistance and the rigidity at high temperatures are secured in this way, the synergistic effect ensures the heat crack resistance. Further, room temperature elongation, which is an index of ductility, can be secured at 3.0% or more as a level having no practical problem.
- the average coefficient of linear expansion from room temperature to 500 ° C. which is an index indicating low thermal expansion, is 10 to: 16 ⁇ 10-G. C is preferred.
- the average linear expansion coefficient of the flaky graphite-iron cylinder liner (13.1 x 10 " 6 / ° C in the temperature range of 20 to 480 ° C) is almost equal to the temperature from normal temperature to 450 to 500 ° C.
- the clearance between the outer diameter of the piston and the cylinder liner can be reduced and maintained properly even when used in the range, reducing the consumption of oil for lubrication.
- the first method for manufacturing a piston for an internal combustion engine is characterized in that after the ⁇ -II stainless steel is manufactured, it is kept at 850 ° C or more and air-cooled.
- the solidification cooling rate of each part of the piston may vary depending on factors such as product shape, plan arrangement, ⁇ shape, etc.Therefore, the material is made uniform by heat treatment, and wear resistance, hardness and mechanical properties are improved. It is preferable to adjust the physical properties.
- a normalizing process of air cooling is performed to obtain a mixed structure of pro-eutectoid and dense pearlite, and the strength and wear resistance required for piston materials are obtained. Can be secured.
- the heating temperature is lower than 850 ° C, it will not completely austenite. Once, all organizations It is necessary to heat to 850 ° C or more in order to convert The preferred heating and holding temperature is 900-950 ° C.
- the heating and holding time is determined by the size, shape, etc. of the piston, and cannot be unconditionally determined. However, it is 0.5 hours or more for small bistons and 1 hour or more for large bistons.
- the second method of manufacturing a piston for an internal combustion engine is to produce a ⁇ -M stainless steel and then cool it by (a) holding it at 450 ° C or more and air cooling it, or (b) keeping it at 1000 ° C or more. After rapid cooling, it is maintained at 450 ° C or higher and air-cooled. If the piston undergoes permanent deformation due to a change in material during use, problems such as blow-by, abrasion, seizure or breakage will occur and engine performance will be impaired. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize material change in advance. For this reason, it is effective to stabilize the material by maintaining the temperature above the operating temperature. Specifically, it is preferable to perform an aging treatment in which the piston is maintained at 450 ° C.
- Table 1 shows the chemical compositions (% by mass) of the samples used in the examples and comparative examples.
- Examples 1 to 20 show samples made of ⁇ - ⁇ system mirror steels having a low Cr content (within the composition range of the present invention), and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 show samples of ⁇ - ⁇ system outside the composition range of the present invention. ⁇ Steel samples are shown.
- Comparative Example 1 is steel with too little Nb content
- Comparative Example 2 is copper with too much Nb content
- Comparative Example 3 is steel with too much S content.
- Comparative Example 4 is a steel containing too little Nb and too much S.
- Example 1 is an example using spheroidal graphite-iron (JIS F CD600) disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-85924
- Conventional Example 2 is a forged steel disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,136,992. This is an example of using.
- Example 1 0.09 0.16 0.22 0.003 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01--Example 2 0.11 0.25 0.32 0.006 0.04 0.09 0.03 0.11--Example 3 0.20 0.21 0.32 0.021 0.12 0.25 0.05 0.17--Example Example 4 0.54 1.44 0.56 0.084 0.87 1.66 1.59 0.59--Example 5 0.55 1.95 1.97 0.147 0.98 2.93 3.66 2.46--Example 6 0.79 2.87 2.56 0.194 2.86 5.98 5.94 3.00--Example 7 0.20 0.55 2.86 0.030 0.50 0.10 0.11 0.06- -Example 8 0.31 0.87 1.52 0.033 0.11 0.08 1.10 0.10--Example 9 0.55 2.47 0.97 0.022 0.07 0.05 2.50 0.50--Example 10 0.37 2.51 0.30 0.150 2.70 0.31 0.10 0.37--Example 11 0.40 0.91 0.40 0.030 0.05
- test pieces cut from each sample are embedded in resin, emery, After polishing to # 1000 with paper, polishing with diamond particles of 15 ⁇ , 9 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ , and 1 ⁇ and finish polishing with co-idal silica in order, the observation surface was etched with a nital etching solution. .
- Image Kaiori apparatus manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation, trade name I P-1000 using a magnification of 200 times, for any 5-field of 30396.6 ⁇ 2, the area ratio of the eutectic carbides (%) and average circle equivalent The diameter ( ⁇ ) was measured.
- the area ratio of the eutectic carbide is a value obtained by averaging the values obtained by dividing the total area of the eutectic carbides in each visual field by the total visual field area (30396.6 ⁇ 2) in five visual fields. Nonmetallic inclusions were excluded from the measurement of the area ratio of eutectic carbides and the average equivalent circle diameter. Table 2 shows the results.
- the polished and corroded sample was photographed with an optical microscope in five arbitrary visual fields at a magnification of 100 ⁇ . From the obtained micrographs, a group of a plurality of eutectic carbides approaching or contacting each other at 10 ⁇ or less is defined as one eutectic colony. As shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 5, the area of the eutectic colony is defined by drawing an envelope L surrounding the eutectic colony 52 and encircling the envelope L.
- the observed part was enlarged by 100 times or more to determine the size and distance.
- the number of eutectic cogni having an area of 50 ⁇ 2 or more was measured by the above-mentioned image analysis device, divided by the measured area, and the obtained values were averaged over 5 visual fields to obtain a unit area (1 mm 2 ). The number of eutectic colonies per unit was determined. Table 2 shows the results.
- each sample was processed into a plate-shaped test piece 71 of 60 mm X 20 mm X 5 mm. Polishing was performed to an average surface roughness R a (JIS B 0601) of about 0.2 ⁇ . As shown in FIG. 7, each plate-shaped test piece 71 was attached to a reciprocating motion friction tester (trade name: AFT-15M, manufactured by Orientec Co., Ltd.) not shown. Apply lubricating oil (equivalent to 10W-30) on the surface of the plate-shaped test piece 71 in the direction shown by the arrow 76. Was dropped.
- a ball 72 made of high-carbon bearing bearing steel SUJ2 (JIS G 4805) equivalent to a biston pin with a diameter of 5 ⁇ was brought into contact with the plate-shaped test piece 71 with a 58.8 mm thrust load 75.
- the test piece 71 was slid back and forth in the direction shown by the arrow 74 with a sliding width of 1 cm and a reciprocating time of 1.6 seconds, and the frictional force was measured.
- the number of reciprocating slides until the frictional force reached 6.86 N (hereinafter referred to as the “number of frictions”) was determined, and the pin seizure resistance was evaluated based on the following criteria.
- ⁇ The number of times of friction is 400 or more
- the friction frequency is 300 times or more and less than 400 times
- ⁇ The number of times of friction is 200 or more and less than 300
- the pin-on-disk test was performed with the device shown in FIG.
- the pin-on-disk test device applies a thrust load 85 to the test piece, and a disc-shaped holder 82 for holding the test piece, a disc 83 made of a material corresponding to a mating member arranged opposite to the disc-shaped holder 82, and a test piece.
- a thrust load 85 to the test piece
- a disc-shaped holder 82 for holding the test piece
- a disc 83 made of a material corresponding to a mating member arranged opposite to the disc-shaped holder 82
- a test piece for this purpose, there are provided means (not shown) provided on the disc-shaped holder 82, and means (not shown) for rotating the disk 83 in the direction of arrow 84.
- the disk 83 was 80 mm in diameter and 12 mm in thickness, and was formed of high P (phosphorus) flake graphite-iron equivalent to FC300.
- the four pin test pieces 81 attached to the disc-shaped holder 82 were brought into contact with the disk 83, and lubricating oil (equivalent to 10W-30) was dropped from the direction of arrow 86 to the contact surface between the test piece 81 and the disk 83.
- the disk 83 was rotated, and the thrust load 85 was gradually increased.
- the thrust load 85 is the surface pressure of the contact surface between the pin test piece 81 and the disk 83, and the rotation speed of the disk 83 is the sliding speed.
- a pin-on-disk test was performed under the following conditions (1) to (7).
- Lubricating oil temperature 10 ° C (viscosity grade 100)
- Lubricating oil supply condition After supplying at the test start surface pressure at a speed of 10 cm3 / min for 1 minute, the supply was stopped.
- the load at the time when one of the pin test piece 81 and the disc 83 was damaged was defined as the seizure load (kgf), and the liner seizure resistance was evaluated based on the following criteria.
- ⁇ Seizure load is 120 kgf or more
- Seizure load is 100 kgf or more and less than 120 kgf
- Seizure load is 80 kgf or more and less than 100 kgf
- Table 2 shows the results of the reciprocating friction wear test and the pin-on-disk test.
- the area ratio of the eutectic carbide in Examples 1-3 and 14 Although less than 1%, Examples 4 to 13 and 15 to 20 are within the preferred range (1 to 35%) of the present invention. Further, the average circle equivalent diameter of the eutectic carbide is within the preferred range of the present invention (3 ⁇ or less) in all of Examples 1 to 20.
- the number of eutectic colonies having an area per unit area of 50 pm 2 or more is within the preferred range (10 / mm 2 or more) of the present invention in Examples other than Examples 1 to 3, 7 and 14.
- all except Comparative Example 2 are outside the preferred range of the present invention. It is considered that in the case of steel No. 10 having less than 10 eutectic colonies and less than 10 mm 2 , a large number of eutectic colonies were crystallized in the structure and were connected without being dispersed to form coarse colonies.
- Examples 1 to 20 all had a large number of friction times of 300 or more, and had excellent pin seizure resistance.
- all of Examples 1 to 20 have a large seizure load of 100 kgf or more, indicating that they have excellent liner seizure resistance.
- the test piece of Comparative Example 2 containing 3.22% by mass and excessive Nb had excellent pin seizure resistance and liner seizure resistance, but was inferior in heat crack resistance. .
- the test pieces of the other comparative examples were all inferior in pin seizure resistance and liner seizure resistance.
- the seizure resistance increases as the area ratio of eutectic carbides, the average equivalent circle diameter, and the number of eutectic joints with a unit area of 50 ⁇ 2 or more increase. A tendency to increase was observed.
- a test piece cut from each sample was embedded in resin, polished to # 1000 with emery paper, and polished with diamond particles of 15 ⁇ , 9 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ , and 1 ⁇ . went.
- the polished surface of each test piece was observed at a magnification of 200 using an image analyzer (IP-1000) manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation, and each sulfide particle was converted into a circle having the same area to determine the diameter.
- the area ratio (%) in the visual field was determined for sulfide particles corresponding to a circle having a diameter of ⁇ . ⁇ ⁇ or more. Table 3 shows the results.
- the circularity of sulfide was determined by observing the same specimen as above using an image analyzer. From the image of the sulfide particles, it was calculated by the formula of (4 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ area of sulfide particles) / (perimeter of sulfide particles) 2 . From this, the number of sulfide particles with a circularity of 0.7 or more was calculated, and the ratio of the number of sulfide particles to the total number of sulfides was calculated as the ratio (%) of sulfides with a circularity of 0.7 or more. Table 3 shows the results.
- the austenite ratio ( ⁇ ratio) was measured as a volume ratio (%) using an X-ray stress measurement device (Strainflex MSF-2M) manufactured by Rigaku. Table 3 shows the results.
- a No. 4 test piece was prepared from each sample in accordance with JIS Z 2201, and the room temperature elongation (%) at 25 ° C was measured using an Ammsler tensile tester. Table 3 shows the results.
- the area ratio of sulfide is in the preferable range of 0.23% in all Examples except for Example 13 and in all Examples except Examples 1 and 2. If the ratio of sulfides with a circularity of 0.7 or more falls within the preferred range of 70% or more, Was.
- the austenite ratio was 0% in all Examples and was within a preferable range of 30% or less. With respect to the room temperature elongation and the high temperature resistance, Examples 1 to 20 were almost equivalent to Comparative Examples 1 to 4 and Conventional Examples 1 and 2.
- test specimens for measuring high-temperature stiffness plate-shaped test specimens were polished to a total size of 1.5 mm X 10 mm X 60 mm from each sample in accordance with JIS Z 2280 "Test method for high-temperature Young's modulus of metallic materials". Each test piece was placed in a furnace at 350 ° C, 450 ° C and 500 ° C in the atmosphere, and was vibrated by a free-holding electrostatic drive method to detect the resonance frequency of the vibration. The recovery coefficient (GPa) was calculated. Table 4 shows the results. (8) Heat crack resistance
- the thermal crack test device 60 is a vertically movable water tank 61 for cooling water 62, a high-frequency oscillator 63, a coil 64 connected to the high-frequency oscillator 63 for high-frequency oscillation, and a rod for attaching a test piece 67 to the tip.
- 66 a shaft 65 for rotatably holding a rod 66, a thermocouple 68 attached to a test piece 67, and a recorder 69 for temperature data connected to the thermocouple 68.
- the test piece 67 was processed to have a diameter of 90 mm and a thickness of 50 mm.
- Maximum crack length is more than 50 ⁇ and less than 100 ⁇
- Maximum crack length is more than 100 ⁇ and less than 150 ⁇
- Table 4 shows the measurement results of the maximum crack length and the evaluation results of the heat crack resistance.
- thermomechanical analyzer Rive Denki Co., Ltd.
- Example 1 194 '' 177 161 90 ⁇ 12.9
- Example 2 193 173 160 94 O 12.8
- Example 3 _J 195 176 160 87 ⁇ 12.4
- Example 4 192 175 158 80 ⁇ 12.5
- Example 5 191 176 158 80 ⁇ 12.1
- Example 6 193 177 157 88 ⁇ 12.2
- Example 7 194 171 153 95 o 11.8
- Example 8 196 172 153 94 ⁇ 11.9
- Example 9 197 173 155 155 55 ⁇ 12.1
- Example 10 197 164 157 51 ⁇ 12.5
- Example 11 198 168 156 47 ⁇ 12.4
- Example 12 197 168 158 50 ⁇ 11.9
- Example 13 199 173 154 90 ⁇ 12.6
- Example 14 195 173 155 89 ⁇ 12.8
- Example 15 194 172 155 155 87 ⁇ 12.6
- Example 16 * 193 168 154 98 ⁇ 12.4
- the pearlitic stainless steel satisfying the requirements of the present invention has the same room temperature elongation, high temperature resistance and high temperature rigidity as other materials, and also has significantly better seizure resistance and higher heat resistance than other materials. It turns out that it has heat crack resistance.
- Table 5 shows the chemical compositions (% by mass) of the samples used in the examples and comparative examples.
- Examples 21 to 45 show samples composed of a ⁇ - ⁇ series steel having a high Cr content (within the composition range of the present invention), and Comparative Examples 5 to: 11 show samples of ⁇ - ⁇ outside the composition range of the present invention.
- An example of a series steel is shown.
- Comparative Example 5 is a steel with too small contents of C and S
- Comparative Examples 6 and 7 are a steel with a too small content of C and a too large amount of S.
- Comparative Examples 8 to 10 are steels containing too much S
- Comparative Example 11 is steel containing too little Nb
- Comparative Example 12 is a steel containing too much Nb. .
- the area ratio (%) of eutectic carbides, the average equivalent circle diameter ( ⁇ ), and the number of eutectic colonies having an area of 50 ⁇ 2 or more were measured for each of the obtained samples as in Example 120.
- Table 6 shows the results.
- the etching process a mixed acid solution of the observation plane was carried out ( ⁇ 2 0: 10 cmK HC1 : 20 c HN0 3:: 4 cm 3, H2SO4 1.3 mixed solution of cm @ 3).
- the microstructure of the steel of Example 41 is shown in FIG. 2 (micrograph at 100 ⁇ ) and FIG. Micrograph).
- a martensitic phase 23 a ⁇ _ferrite phase 24
- a base structure a eutectic collony 22, which is an aggregate of fine eutectic carbides and a matrix phase 23, and nonmetallic inclusions 25 are observed. Is done.
- eutectic carbide 41, eutectic colony 42, martensite phase 43 as a base structure, and nonmetallic inclusions 45 are observed.
- the composition of the eutectic carbide was analyzed using a field emission scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (FE-SEM EDS, Hitachi Ltd. S-4000, ED KEVE DELTA system). As a result, it was confirmed that the composition of the eutectic carbide mainly consisted of Nb carbide (NbC).
- FIG. 3 shows an optical micrograph ( ⁇ 100) of Comparative Example 5. In this structure, a martensitic phase 33 and a ⁇ -ferrite phase 34 and a nonmetallic inclusion 35 as a base structure are observed, but no eutectic carbide is observed.
- Each sample was evaluated for seizure resistance by performing a reciprocating friction wear test equivalent to sliding between a biston and a biston pin and a pin-on-disk test equivalent to sliding between a piston and a cylinder liner.
- a reciprocating friction wear test was performed in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 20, and the pin seizure resistance was evaluated based on the following criteria.
- ⁇ The number of times of friction is 400 or more
- the friction frequency is 300 times or more and less than 400 times
- ⁇ The number of times of friction is 200 or more and less than 300
- a pin-on-disk test was performed in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 20, and liner seizure resistance was evaluated based on the following criteria.
- ⁇ Seizure load is 120 kgf or more
- Seizure load is 100 kgf or more and less than 120 kgf
- Seizure load is 80 kgf or more and less than 100 kgf
- the area ratio of the eutectic carbide is less than 1% in Examples 21 to 25 and 38, but is within the preferred range (135%) of the present invention in Example 26 37 39 45. It is.
- Examples of the deviation are also within the preferable range (3 ⁇ or less) of the present invention.
- the number of eutectic colonies having an area of 50 ⁇ 2 or more per unit area is within the preferred range (10 / min 2 or more) of the present invention in any of Examples except for Example 38.
- Comparative Examples 5 to 12 other than Comparative Examples 9 and 10 are all outside the preferred range of the present invention.
- Examples 21 to 45 all had a large number of friction times of 300 or more, and had excellent pin seizure resistance. Further, in the pin-on-disk test, Examples 21 to 45 show that the seizure load is as large as 100 kgf or more, and that they have excellent liner seizure resistance. On the other hand, Comparative Examples 5 to 12 were inferior in both the pin seizure resistance and the liner seizure resistance.
- Seizure resistance pin seizure resistance and liner seizure resistance
- the area ratio of sulfide is in the preferred range of 0.2 to 3% in all Examples other than Example 21, and in all Examples, the sulfide area ratio is 0.7 or more.
- the product ratio was within a preferred range of 70% or more.
- the austenite ratio all the examples were within the preferable range of the present invention of less than 30%.
- Examples 21 to 45 were equal to or higher than Comparative Examples 5 to 12.
- the maximum crack length ( ⁇ ) of each sample was measured in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 20, and evaluated according to the following criteria.
- Maximum crack length is more than 50 ⁇ and less than 100 ⁇
- Table 8 shows the measurement results of the maximum crack length and the evaluation results of the heat crack resistance.
- Examples 21 to 45 were all within the preferred range of the present invention of 140 GPa or more.
- Examples 21 to 45 were all excellent.
- the maximum crack length exceeded 100 ⁇ .
- Comparative Example 5 had a small maximum crack length of 35 ⁇ , but was inferior in seizure resistance. From these results, the martensitic steel satisfying the requirements of the present invention has room temperature elongation, high temperature resistance, and high temperature rigidity equal to or higher than other materials, and has significantly better seizure resistance than other materials. It can be seen that it has heat crack resistance.
- Example 46
- the piston 10 has a head 11, a skirt 12, a cooling cavity 13, a pin boss 14, a pin fitting inner diameter 14d, a combustion chamber 15, a top 16, a lip 17, a top land 18, and a ring groove 19.
- Have. 10h indicates the compression height
- D indicates the outer diameter.
- the steel was poured into a ladle at 1610 ° C and poured into a sandstone mold having a biston-shaped cavity shown in Fig. 1 at 1520 ° C.
- solution heat treatment was performed by holding at 1040 ° C for 1 hour and then quenching, followed by aging by holding at 600 ° C for 4 hours and air cooling.
- the outer periphery of the piston 10 was subjected to cutting and grinding.
- the average thickness of the main part of Biston 10 was set to 3.0 mm or less. ⁇ There were no mirror defects that would cause problems such as shrinkage cavities, poor running water, and gas defects in the manufacturing process, and no problems such as cutting defects and abnormal wear of the processing tools occurred in the processing process.
- the area ratio of the eutectic carbide is 3.2 to L2.6%, and the average circle equivalent diameter of the eutectic carbide is 1.8 to 1.8.
- the eutectic coexistence number was 2.4 ⁇ and the area per unit area was 50 ⁇ 2 or more was 48 to 72 / mm 2 .
- the obtained piston 10 was mounted on a 10,000 cc 6-cylinder diesel engine and subjected to a 400-hour endurance test at a piston temperature of 452 ° C and a combustion pressure of 20 MPa. No problems such as blow-by and seizure occurred during the durability test. In addition, when the state of the piston 10 was observed after the durability test, it was found that the skirt portion 12, the pin boss portion 14, etc. did not have any abrasion, galling, breakage, etc., and that the lip 17 had no thermal crack. Comparative Example 13
- a piston was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 46, using the ferrous iron of Conventional Example 1.
- no eutectic carbide was observed in any of the skirt portion, the pin boss portion and the ring groove.
- an abnormal noise was generated 5 hours after the start of the test, and the output of the engine was reduced.
- Observation of the state of the piston after the endurance test revealed that the skirt had scarf marks indicating strong contact, and that the lip had a small thermal crack.
- the average thickness of the main part of the biston made of ferrous iron of Conventional Example 1 which has relatively good seizure resistance due to the self-lubricating property of graphite, was It can be seen that heat resistance, durability and seizure resistance are insufficient under severe conditions where the piston temperature is 450 ° C or more and the combustion pressure is 20 MPa or more when the thickness is 3.0 nmi or less.
- the biston for an internal combustion engine of the present invention has good room temperature elongation, and has a sufficient high temperature resistance even under the harsh conditions of a biston temperature of 450 ° C or more and a combustion pressure of 20 MPa or more. It has high temperature rigidity, seizure resistance and heat crack resistance.
- Such a piston for an internal combustion engine is suitable for an automobile engine, particularly a diesel engine.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
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KR1020057015993A KR101087562B1 (ko) | 2003-03-31 | 2004-03-31 | 내연기관용 피스톤 및 그 제조 방법 |
US10/551,645 US7503304B2 (en) | 2003-03-31 | 2004-03-31 | Internal engine piston and its production method |
JP2005505705A JP4500259B2 (ja) | 2003-03-31 | 2004-03-31 | 内燃機関用ピストン及びその製造方法 |
EP04724758A EP1612395A4 (en) | 2003-03-31 | 2004-03-31 | PISTON FOR A COMBUSTION ENGINE |
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JP2003-097015 | 2003-03-31 | ||
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EP (2) | EP2295777B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4500259B2 (ja) |
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US7406941B2 (en) | 2004-07-21 | 2008-08-05 | Federal - Mogul World Wide, Inc. | One piece cast steel monobloc piston |
JP2009541590A (ja) * | 2006-06-30 | 2009-11-26 | ダイムラー・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 内燃機関用の鋳鋼製ピストン |
JP2015522738A (ja) * | 2012-05-05 | 2015-08-06 | マーレ インターナショナル ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテルハフツングMAHLE International GmbH | ピストンとクランクケースとから成る内燃機関用のアッセンブリ |
JP2016509160A (ja) * | 2013-03-05 | 2016-03-24 | フェデラル−モーグル コーポレイション | デポジット防止コーティングを伴うピストンおよびその構築方法 |
WO2019013287A1 (ja) | 2017-07-14 | 2019-01-17 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 内燃機関用ピストン及びその製造方法 |
WO2019230938A1 (ja) * | 2018-05-31 | 2019-12-05 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | スチールピストン |
WO2019230946A1 (ja) * | 2018-05-31 | 2019-12-05 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | スチールピストン用鋼材 |
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CN100535423C (zh) * | 2003-03-31 | 2009-09-02 | 日立金属株式会社 | 内燃机用活塞及其制造方法 |
DE102004003658A1 (de) * | 2004-01-24 | 2005-08-25 | Mahle Gmbh | Verbrennungsmulde im Boden eines Kolbens für einen Dieselmotor |
JP4375359B2 (ja) | 2006-05-24 | 2009-12-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関のピストン |
DE102006038670B4 (de) * | 2006-08-17 | 2010-12-09 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Hochsiliziumhaltiger Stahlwerkstoff zur Herstellung von Kolbenringen und Zylinderlaufbuchsen |
DE102008017023A1 (de) * | 2008-04-03 | 2009-10-08 | Schaeffler Kg | Bauteil für eine mit Alkoholkraftstoff betriebene Brennkraftmaschine |
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- 2004-03-31 JP JP2005505705A patent/JP4500259B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-31 KR KR1020057015993A patent/KR101087562B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2004-03-31 EP EP10013315.6A patent/EP2295777B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (13)
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US7406941B2 (en) | 2004-07-21 | 2008-08-05 | Federal - Mogul World Wide, Inc. | One piece cast steel monobloc piston |
JP2009541590A (ja) * | 2006-06-30 | 2009-11-26 | ダイムラー・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 内燃機関用の鋳鋼製ピストン |
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JP2015522738A (ja) * | 2012-05-05 | 2015-08-06 | マーレ インターナショナル ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテルハフツングMAHLE International GmbH | ピストンとクランクケースとから成る内燃機関用のアッセンブリ |
JP2016509160A (ja) * | 2013-03-05 | 2016-03-24 | フェデラル−モーグル コーポレイション | デポジット防止コーティングを伴うピストンおよびその構築方法 |
WO2019013287A1 (ja) | 2017-07-14 | 2019-01-17 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 内燃機関用ピストン及びその製造方法 |
KR20200008163A (ko) | 2017-07-14 | 2020-01-23 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | 내연 기관용 피스톤 및 그 제조 방법 |
WO2019230938A1 (ja) * | 2018-05-31 | 2019-12-05 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | スチールピストン |
WO2019230946A1 (ja) * | 2018-05-31 | 2019-12-05 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | スチールピストン用鋼材 |
KR20210014142A (ko) * | 2018-05-31 | 2021-02-08 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | 스틸 피스톤용 강재 |
JPWO2019230946A1 (ja) * | 2018-05-31 | 2021-06-03 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | スチールピストン用鋼材 |
KR102507644B1 (ko) | 2018-05-31 | 2023-03-08 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | 스틸 피스톤용 강재 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20060191508A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
EP1612395A1 (en) | 2006-01-04 |
JPWO2004094808A1 (ja) | 2006-07-13 |
CN1764775A (zh) | 2006-04-26 |
EP2295777B1 (en) | 2016-12-07 |
KR101087562B1 (ko) | 2011-11-28 |
JP4500259B2 (ja) | 2010-07-14 |
CN100535423C (zh) | 2009-09-02 |
EP2295777A1 (en) | 2011-03-16 |
EP1612395A4 (en) | 2010-08-04 |
KR20050113624A (ko) | 2005-12-02 |
US7503304B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 |
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