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  • H10K85/621—Aromatic anhydride or imide compounds, e.g. perylene tetra-carboxylic dianhydride or perylene tetracarboxylic di-imide
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  • H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a novel organic compound and an organic light emitting device using the same.
• An organic light emitting device is a device in which a thin film containing a fluorescent organic compound or a phosphorescent organic compound is interposed between an anode and a cathode; excitons of the fluorescent compound or the phosphorescent compound are generated by injection of electrons and holes from the electrodes and a light radiated when the excitons return to the ground state is utilized.
• non-patent document 1 In a research by Eastman Kodak Company in 1987 (non-patent document 1) , there is reported a light emission of about 1,000 cd/m 2 at an applied voltage of about 10 V for a device of functionally separated two-layer structure using ITO for an anode and a magnesium/silver alloy for a cathode, respectively, an aluminium-quinolinol complex as an electron- transporting material and a light emitting material and a triphenylamine derivative as a hole transporting material.
• Related patents include patent documents 1 to 3.
• Non-patent document 3 an organic light emitting device using a conjugated polymer other than the organic light emitting device using the low- molecular materials as described above.
• light emission in a onolayer is confirmed by forming a film of polyphenylenevinylene (PPV) in a coating system.
• PPV polyphenylenevinylene
• phenanthroline compounds are used as an electron transporting material or a light emitting material by the excellent electron transporting property thereof.
• Examples of documents in which the phenanthroline compounds are reported to be used for an organic light emitting device include patent references 17 to 21, but their properties when they are used as a light emitting material or an electron transporting material are not sufficient. [Patent document 1]
• Patent document 10 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H5- 202356 (no corresponding foreign document)
• Patent document 11 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H9- 202878 (no corresponding foreign document) [Patent document 11]
• Patent document 12 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H9- 227576 (no corresponding foreign document) [Patent document 12]
• Patent document 17 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H5- 247460 (no corresponding foreign document)
• Patent document 18 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H5- 247460 (no corresponding foreign document)
• Patent document 19 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H7- 82551 (no corresponding foreign document) [Patent document 19]
• Patent document 20 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6,010,796
• an object of the present invention to provide a novel phenanthroline compound. It is another object of the present invention to provide an organic light emitting device having a light output with an extremely high efficiency and a high luminance using a specific phenanthroline compound . It is still another object of the present invention to provide an extremely durable organic light emitting device.
• the present invention provides a phenanthroline compound represented by any one of the following general formulas [I] to [III] :
• Ri, R 2 , R 3 , R, R 5 and Re are the same or different and each is selected from a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, an unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic group, and a halogen atom; and ri and Ar 2 are the same or different and each is selected from an unsubstituted or substituted fluorenyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted fluoranthenyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted perylenyl group, and an unsubstituted or substituted carbazolyl group) ;
• R, R 3 , R 9 , Rio. Rn and R ⁇ 2 are the same or different and each is selected from a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, an unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic group, and a halogen atom; and Ar 3 and Ar are the same or different and each is selected from an unsubstituted or substituted fluorenyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted fluoranthenyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted perylenyl group, and an unsubstituted or substituted carbazolyl group) ; and
• R i3 , R i4 , R 1 5 and Rie are the same or different and each is selected from a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, an unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic group, and a halogen atom; and Ar 5 , Ar 6 , Ar 7 and Ar 8 are the same or different and each is selected from an unsubstituted or substituted fluorenyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted fluoranthenyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted perylenyl group, and an unsubstituted or substituted carbazolyl group) .
• the fluorenyl group is preferably represented by the following general formula [IV] :
• R ⁇ 7 is selected from a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, an unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic group, a substituted amino group, a cyano group, and a halogen atom; and Ris and R ⁇ 9 are the same or different and each is selected from a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, and an unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic group) .
• the fluoranthenyl group is preferably represented by the following general formula [V] :
• R 20 is selected from a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, an unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic group, a substituted amino group, a cyano group, and a halogen atom
• the perylenyl group is preferably represented by the following general formula [VI] :
• R 21 is selected from a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, an unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic group, a substituted amino group, a cyano group, and a halogen atom
• carbazolyl group is preferably represented by the following general formula [VII] :
• R 22 and R 23 are the same or different and each is selected from a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aralkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, an unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic group, a substituted amino group, a cyano group, and a halogen atom) .
• the present invention provides an organic light emitting device comprising a pair of electrodes consisting of an anode and a cathode, and a layer comprising an organic compound comprising at least one of the above-mentioned phenanthroline compounds, interposed between the pair of electrodes.
• Fig. 1 is a sectional view illustrating an example of the organic light emitting device according to the present invention
• Fig. 2 is a sectional view illustrating another example of the organic light emitting device according to the present invention
• Fig. 3 is a sectional view illustrating still another example of the organic light emitting device according to the present invention.
• Fig. 4 is a sectional view illustrating yet another example of the organic light emitting device according to the present invention.
• Fig. 5 is a sectional view illustrating yet still another example of the organic light emitting device according to the present invention.
• Fig. 6 is a sectional view illustrating yet again another example of the organic light emitting device according to the present invention.
• the phenanthroline compounds of the present invention will be first described.
• the phenanthroline compounds of the present invention are represented by the above general formulas [I] to [III], wherein a fluorenyl group is represented by the above general formula [IV], a fluoranthenyl group by the above general formula [V] , a perylenyl group by the above general formula [VI] and a carbazolyl group by the above general formula [VII] .
• the alkyl group includes methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, ter-butyl, octyl or the like.
• the aralkyl group includes benzyl, phenethyl or the like.
• the aryl group includes phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl or the like.
• the heterocyclic group includes thienyl, pyrolyl, pyridyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, thidiazolyl, terthienyl or the like.
• the substituted amino group includes dimethylamino, diehtylamino, dibenzylamino, diphenylamino, ditolylamino, dianisolylamino or the like.
• the halogen atom includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or the like.
• the substituent groups that the above substituent groups may have include alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl and propyl; aralkyl groups such as benzyl and phenethyl; aryl groups such as phenyl and biphenyl; heterocyclic groups such as thienyl, pyrolyl and pyridyl; amino groups such as dimethylamino, diethylamino, dibenzylamino, diphenylamino, ditolylamino and dianisolylamino; alkoxyl groups such as methoxyl, ethoxyl, propoxyl and phenoxyl; cyano group; and halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
• the phenanthroline compound of the present invention can be synthesized by generally known methods, in which it can be obtained by the synthesis such as the Suzuki coupling method using a palladium catalyst (e.g., Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2457-2483) through a phenanthroline compound intermediate that is obtained by the methods, for example, described in J. Org, Chem., 16, 941-945 (1951); Tetrahedron, Lett., 36, 3489-3490 (1995) and the like.
• a palladium catalyst e.g., Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 2457-2483
• the phenanthroline compound of the present invention has superior electron transporting property and durability to the conventional compounds and is useful as a layer comprising an organic compound of an organic light emitting device, particularly as an electron transporting layer and a light emitting layer. Moreover, the layers formed by a vacuum evaporation process or a solution coating process are difficult to be crystallized and are excellent in long-term stability.
• the organic light emitting device of the present invention comprises a pair of electrodes consisting of an anode and a cathode, and a layer comprising an organic compound comprising at least one of the phenanthroline compounds represented by the general formula [I], [II] and [III], interposed between the pair of electrodes.
• At least an electron transporting layer or a light emitting layer of the layer (s) comprised of an organic compound comprises at least one of the above-mentioned phenanthrolines .
• the phenanthroline compound represented by the above general formulas [I] to [III] is formed between the anode and the cathode by a vacuum evaporation process or a solution coating process.
• the organic layer is preferably formed in a thin film having a thickness of less than 10 ⁇ r ⁇ , preferably 0.5 ⁇ r ⁇ or less, more preferably from 0.01 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
• Figs. 1 to 6 are views illustrating preferred examples of the organic light emitting device of the present invention.
• Fig. 1 is a sectional view illustrating one example of the organic light emitting device of the present invention.
• the device of Fig. 1 has the structure in which an anode 2, a light emitting layer 3 and a cathode 4 are provided on a substrate 1 in the mentioned order.
• the structure shown in Fig. 1 is useful when employing a compound having hole transportability, electron transportability and light emitting property singularly within itself, or when employing compounds having respective characteristics in mixture.
• Fig. 2 is a sectional view illustrating another example of the organic light emitting device of the present invention.
• the device of Fig. 2 has the structure in which an anode 2, a hole transporting layer 5, an electron transporting layer 6 and a cathode 4 are provided on a substrate 1 in the mentioned order.
• the structure shown in Fig. 2 is useful when a material having a hole transportability and/or electron transportability is used for respective layers as a light emitting substance in combination with a hole transporting or electron transporting substance having no light emitting property.
• the light emitting layer comprises either the hole transporting layer 5 or the electron transporting layer 6.
• Fig. 3 is a sectional view illustrating another example of the organic light emitting device of the present invention.
• the device of Fig. 3 has the structure in which an anode 2, a hole transporting layer 5, a light emitting layer 3, an electron transporting layer 6 and a cathode 4 are provided on a substrate 1 in the mentioned order.
• the structure is to separate a carrier transporting function and a light emitting function, and is used in suitable combination with compounds having the respective properties of hole transporting property, electron transporting property and light emitting property.
• the freedom of selection of materials is extremely increased, and various compounds having different emission wavelengths can be used to allow diversification of the luminescent hue. Further, carriers or excitons can be effectively confined in the central light emitting layer 3 to improve the light emission efficiency.
• Fig. 4 is a sectional view illustrating another example of the organic light emitting device of the present invention.
• the device of Fig. 4 has the structure in which a hole injecting layer 7 is inserted to the anode 2 side as compared with the structure shown in Fig. 3.
• the structure shown in Fig. 1 is effective for improving adhesiveness of the anode 2 to the hole transporting layer 5 or improving the hole injecting property and is also effective for driving at a reduced voltage.
• Figs. 5 and 6 are sectional views illustrating other examples of the organic light emitting device of the present invention.
• the devices of Figs. 5 and 6 have the structures in which a layer (hole-blocking layer 8) for blocking holes or excitons from passing through to the cathode 4 side is inserted between the light emitting layer 3 and the electron transporting layer 6 as compared with Figs. 3 and 4.
• the structure is effective for improving the light emission efficiency by using a compound having a very high ionization potential as the hole blocking layer 8.
• Figs. 1 to 6 merely show very basic device structures, and the structures of the organic light emitting device using the compounds of the present invention are not limited thereto. It is possible to take various structures, for example, to provide an insulating layer at an interface between an electrode and an organic layer, to provide an adhesion layer or an interference layer or to compose a hole transporting layer of two layers having different ionization potentials.
• the phenanthroline compounds represented by the general formulas [I] to [III] used in the present invention are excellent in electron transporting property and durability compared with the conventional compounds, and can be used in any one of the structures shown in Figs. 1 to 6.
• the present invention uses the phenanthroline compounds represented by the general formulas [I] to [III] as constituent components for an electron transporting layer or a light emitting layer, already known hole transporting compounds, light emitting compounds or electron transporting compounds can also be used together as needed
• M Cu, Mg, AlCI, TiO, SiCI 2 , Zn , Sn, m-MTDATA MnCI, GaCI, etc
• the layers containing the phenanthroline compounds represented by the general formulas [I] to [III] and the layers containing other organic compounds are generally formed into thin films by a vacuum evaporation process or a coating process in which they are dissolved in a suitable solvent.
• a coating process it is also possible to form the film in combination with a suitable binder resin.
• the binder resin can be selected from a wide range of binder resins, and include, for example, but not limited to, polyvinylcarbazole resins, polycarbonate resins, polyester resins, polyarylate resins, polystyrene resins, acrylic resins, methacrylic resins, butyral resins, polyvinylacetal resins, diallylphthalate resins, phenol resins, epoxy resins, silicone resins, polysulfone resins, urea resins and the like. In addition, one of them or a mixture of two or more of them may be used in the form of a homopolymer or a copolymer.
• the materials for the anode preferably have a large work function, and metals such as, for example, gold, platinum, nickel, palladium, cobalt, selenium, vanadium and alloys thereof and metal oxides such as tin oxides, zinc oxides, indium tin oxides (ITO) and indium zinc oxides can be used.
• metals such as, for example, gold, platinum, nickel, palladium, cobalt, selenium, vanadium and alloys thereof and metal oxides such as tin oxides, zinc oxides, indium tin oxides (ITO) and indium zinc oxides
• metal oxides such as tin oxides, zinc oxides, indium tin oxides (ITO) and indium zinc oxides
• conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and poyphenylene sulfide can be used. These electrode materials can be used singularly or in combination.
• the materials for the cathode preferably have a small work function, and metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, indium, silver, lead, tin and chrome and alloys thereof can be used. Metal oxides such as indium tin oxides (ITO) can also be used.
• the cathode may have either a one- layer structure or a multilayer structure.
• the substrate for use in the present invention includes, but not limited to, metal substrates, opaque substrates such as ceramic substrates, and transparent substrates such as glass, quartz and pla,stic sheets. Moreover, it is possible to control the color of emitted light using a color filter film, a fluorescent color conversion filter film, a dielectric reflecting film and the like for the substrate .
• a protective layer or an encapsulant layer can also be provided on the prepared device for the purpose of preventing contact with oxygen, moisture and the like.
• the protective layer includes an inorganic material film such as a diamond thin film, a metal oxide film or a metal nitride film; a polymeric film such as of fluororesin, polyparaxylene, polyethylene, silicone resin and polystyrene resin; a photo-curable resin or the like.
• the device itself can be covered with glass, a gas-impermeable film, metal or the like and packaged with a suitable encapsulant resin.
• a device having the structure shown in Fig. 3 was prepared.
• ITO indium tin oxide
• IPA isopropyl alcohol
• a chloroform solution of the compound represented by the following structural formula was applied by a spin-coating process to form a film having a thickness of 30 nm, thus forming the hole transporting layer 5.
• the Ir complex represented by the following structural formula and Exemplary Compound No. 1 as the instant phenanthroline compound (weight ratio of 5:100) were deposited by a vacuum evaporation process in a thickness of 20 nm to form the light emitting layer 3.
• the degree of the vacuum at the evaporation was 1.0 x 10 ⁇ 4 Pa and the film formation rate was 0.2-0.3 nm/sec,
• trisquinolinol aluminium was deposited by a vacuum evaporation process in a thickness of 40 nm to form the electron transporting layer 6.
• the degree of the vacuum at the evaporation was 1.0 x 10 "4 Pa and the film formation rate was 0.2-0.3 nm/sec.
• a vacuum evaporation material consisting of aluminium and lithium (lithium concentration of 1 atomic %) was used to form a metal layer film having a thickness of 50 nm on the above organic layer by a vacuum evaporation process, and further by the vacuum evaporation process an aluminium layer having a thickness of 150 nm was formed.
• the degree of the vacuum at the evaporation was 1.0 x 10 "4 Pa and the film formation rate was 1.0-1.2 nm/sec.
• the resultant structure was covered with a protective glass plate in a nitrogen atmosphere and sealed with an acrylic resin adhesive.
• the thus obtained device was applied with a DC voltage of 10 V using the ITO electrode (anode 2) as a positive electrode and the Al-Li electrode (cathode 4) as a negative electrode, the current passed through the device at a current density of 18.0 mA/cm 2 and emission of green light was observed at a luminance of 4,500 cd/m 2 .
• a device of the structure shown in Fig. 3 was prepared.
• the hole transporting layer 5 was formed on the transparent conductive supporting substrate in the same manner as in Example 1.
• coumarin and trisquinolinol aluminium (polymerization ratio of 1:20) were deposited by a vacuum evaporation process in a thickness of 20 nm to form the light emitting layer 3.
• the degree of the vacuum at the evaporation was 1.0 x 10 -4 Pa and the film formation rate was 0.2-0.3 nm/sec.
• Exemplary Compound No. 3 was deposited in a thickness of 40 nm to form the electron transporting layer 6.
• the degree of the vacuum at the evaporation was 1.0 x 10 -4 Pa and the film formation rate was 0.2-0.3 nm/sec. Then, the device was sealed after the cathode 4 was formed in the same manner as in Example 1.
• a device with the structure shown in Fig. 3 was prepared.
• the hole transporting layer 5 was formed on the transparent conductive supporting substrate in the same manner as in Example 1.
• the Ir complex represented by the following structural formula and the carbazole compound represented by the following structural formula (polymerization ratio of 5:100) were deposited by a vacuum evaporation process in a thickness of 20 nm to form the light emitting layer 3
• the degree of the vacuum at the evaporation was 1.0 x 10 ⁇ 4 Pa and the film formation rate was 0.2-0.3 nm/sec.
• Exemplary Compound No. 5 was deposited in a thickness of 40 nm to form the electron transporting layer 6.
• the degree of the vacuum at the evaporation was 1.0 x 10 -4 Pa and the film formation rate was 0.2-0.3 nm/sec.
• the device was then sealed after the cathode 4 was formed in the same manner as in Example 1.
• the organic light emitting devices using the phenanthroline compounds represented by the general formulas [I] to [III] provide the emission having a high luminance at a low applied voltage and are also excellent in durability.
• the organic layers comprising the phenanthroline compounds of the present invention are excellent as an electron transporting layer as well as a light emitting layer.

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