WO2004001771A1 - 高分子電解質膜およびその製造法 - Google Patents
高分子電解質膜およびその製造法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004001771A1 WO2004001771A1 PCT/JP2003/007740 JP0307740W WO2004001771A1 WO 2004001771 A1 WO2004001771 A1 WO 2004001771A1 JP 0307740 W JP0307740 W JP 0307740W WO 2004001771 A1 WO2004001771 A1 WO 2004001771A1
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2275—Heterogeneous membranes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/56—Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1046—Mixtures of at least one polymer and at least one additive
- H01M8/1048—Ion-conducting additives, e.g. ion-conducting particles, heteropolyacids, metal phosphate or polybenzimidazole with phosphoric acid
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
- H01M8/106—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the chemical composition of the porous support
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2379/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2361/00 - C08J2377/00
- C08J2379/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08J2379/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0045—Room temperature molten salts comprising at least one organic ion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polymer electrolyte membrane, and more particularly, to a polymer electrolyte membrane that can be used for fuel cells, secondary batteries, electric double layer capacitors, electrolytic capacitors, and the like.
- ammonium salts such as imidazolium salts and pyridium salts
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 8-224588 discloses a composition comprising an aliphatic quaternary ammonium salt of an organic carboxylic acid and a polymer such as polychlorinated vinyl, polyacrylonitrile, and aliphatic polyether.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-118480 discloses a combination of a polymer of a vinyl monomer having an alkyl quaternary ammonium salt structure and a molten salt at room temperature.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 11-36858 discloses a composition of a vinylidene fluoride polymer and an imidazolium salt.
- J. Electrochem. Soc., Vo 1.147, 34 (2000), Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 46, 1703 (2001) and JP-A-11-86663-2 disclose acid groups.
- a composition of a perfluoro polymer having the following formula and a molten salt is shown.
- a fluorine-based polymer when used, the durability is expected to be good, but there is a problem that the cost and the environmental load at the time of manufacturing the fluorine-based polymer are great. Therefore, there has been a demand for an inexpensive one using a hydrocarbon polymer having good durability.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 11-86663 describes the use of a polymer porous membrane and a molten salt in a polyanion resin having a negative charge introduced into a porous polymer solid or polymer thin film, and imidasolium.
- a molten salt-type polymer electrolyte impregnated with a salt derivative is disclosed. Specifically, a liquid sulfonic acid group is introduced into a polytetrafluoroethylene film using liquid ammonia and sodium, or polymethacrylic acid is used. Post-treatment was necessary, such as irradiating the acid sodium film with an a-line to polish the film.
- Fluoropolymers have a glass transition temperature lower than room temperature and have problems in mechanical strength at high temperatures. Aliphatic polymers may have poor durability such as resistance to solvents and oxidation deterioration. is there. Furthermore, there is no description about the pore size of the porous polymer solid.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 11-306858 proposes a solid polymer electrolyte containing an imidazolyme salt and a lithium salt in a matrix of a fluorine-based polymer compound. Because it is a gel-like material, it is easily deformed by external pressure, etc., and there is 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ where the ⁇ i degree is a problem. In addition, since the fluoropolymer has a glass transition temperature lower than room temperature, there is a problem in mechanical strength at high temperature use. Disclosure of the invention
- the object of the present invention is to have a structure composed of micropores clearly, inexpensive, durable, excellent in mechanical strength, excellent in structure retention even at high temperatures, and stable in molten salt in a polymer microporous membrane It is intended to provide a polymer electrolyte membrane which can be maintained at a high temperature and exhibits high ion conductivity even without water or a solvent, and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention has been achieved by providing the following polymer electrolyte membrane and a method for producing the same.
- a polymer microporous membrane having pores penetrated on both sides contains a mixture of a polymer and a molten salt in a weight ratio of 1/99 to 99-1 and / or a molten salt. And a polymer electrolyte membrane.
- a mixture of a polymer and a molten salt in a weight ratio of 1/99 to 99/1 is contained in and on both sides of a polymer microporous membrane having pores penetrating on both sides. And a polymer electrolyte membrane.
- ⁇ Molten salt is contained in the pores of a polymer microporous membrane having pores penetrating on both sides, and from a mixture of a polymer and a molten salt in a weight ratio of 1 Z99 to 99/1.
- a polymer electrolyte membrane characterized by being formed by coating a layer formed on both sides of the above-mentioned microporous polymer membrane.
- the molten salt is characterized by impregnating the molten salt in the pores of the polymer microporous membrane by immersing the polymer microporous membrane having pores penetrating on both sides into the molten salt.
- a solution in which a mixture of a polymer and a molten salt in a weight ratio of 1/99 to 99-1 is dissolved, After immersing the polymer microporous membrane, impregnating the solution with the polymer microporous membrane, and drying and removing the solvent, the polymer is mixed with the polymer microporous membrane.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte membrane in Examples 1 and 2 described below.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the dependence of the ion conductivity of the polymer electrolyte membrane in Example 3 described later.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the temperature dependence of the ion conductivity of the polymer electrolyte membrane in Example 4 described later.
- the polymer microporous membrane used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymer microporous membrane having pores penetrating on both sides, but is preferably not dissolved in the molten salt to be contained.
- a solvent a solvent that does not dissolve in the solvent is preferable.
- the pores penetrating both sides may be linear or non-linear.
- polystyrene-based microporous membrane examples include a polyolefin-based microporous membrane composed of a polyolefin-based polymer such as polyethylene-polypropylene, an aromatic polyimide, an aromatic polyetherimide, an aromatic polysulfone, and an aromatic polyethersulfone.
- a polyolefin-based microporous membrane composed of a polyolefin-based polymer such as polyethylene-polypropylene, an aromatic polyimide, an aromatic polyetherimide, an aromatic polysulfone, and an aromatic polyethersulfone.
- Aromatic polymer microporous membrane composed of various aromatic polymers can be used. ⁇ cut.
- a heat-resistant polymer having a glass transition temperature of less than 10 ° C is used.
- a polymer microporous membrane is preferably used, more preferably a heat-resistant polymer having a glass transition temperature of less than 1 ° C, particularly preferably a glass transition temperature of less than 150 ° C. Is used.
- microporous polymer film made of a heat-resistant polymer include the above-described aromatic macromolecular porous film made of an aromatic polymer.
- a polymer microporous film made of an aromatic heat-resistant polymer whose glass transition temperature is very high and pyrolysis proceeds first so that the glass transition temperature cannot be easily measured may be used.
- aromatic heat-resistant polymers are described in Junji Furukawa, “Advanced Polymer Materials Series 2 High-Performance Aromatic Polymer Materials”, Maruzen Co., Ltd., Tokyo, p52 (1990).
- Poly (p-phenylene), polybenzothiazole, and poly (p-phenylenepyromellitimide), such as those listed on their own, can be mentioned.
- the polymer microporous membrane used in the present invention can be produced by a known method such as a solvent casting method, an extrusion method, a melting method, and a stretching method, and a commercially available one may be used.
- the polyolefin-based microporous membrane is obtained by microporizing a polyolefin-based film such as a polyethylene film or a polypropylene film by a stretching method, and a commercially available product can be obtained and used.
- an aromatic polymer microporous membrane made of aromatic polyethersulfone is produced by a general solvent casting method. That is, an aromatic polyether sulfone is dissolved in a solvent miscible with water to a predetermined concentration, cast into a glass plate, immersed in water to precipitate a polymer, and dried to obtain an aromatic polyether sulfone.
- An aromatic polymer microporous membrane composed of ether sulfone can be obtained.
- commercially available products can be obtained and used.
- the aromatic polyether sulfone can be synthesized by a known method, and a commercially available product can be obtained and used.
- a polymer microporous film made of polyimide is particularly preferably used because of its excellent mechanical properties in a thin film.
- Polyimide microporous membranes having pores penetrating on both sides are disclosed, for example, in JP-A-11-3.
- polyimide precursor microporous membrane By subjecting the polyimide precursor microporous membrane to imidization by subjecting it to a physical or chemical treatment, a polyimide microporous membrane having pores penetrating on both surfaces can be obtained. .
- the above-mentioned polyimide precursor is a polyamic acid obtained by polymerizing a monomer of a tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component, preferably a monomer belonging to an aromatic compound, or a partially imidized compound thereof.
- the ring can be closed by heat treatment or iridescent treatment to obtain a polyimide resin.
- the polyimide resin is a heat-resistant polymer having an imidization ratio of about 50% or more.
- Solvents used for preparing a solution of the above-mentioned polyimide front tail group include paraclonal phenol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), pyridine, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide Organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide, tetramethylurea, phenol and cresol.
- the above-mentioned polyimide precursor is obtained by dissolving a tetracarboxylic acid component and a diamine component in substantially the same molar amount in an organic solvent similar to the solvent used for preparing the above-mentioned polyimide precursor solution, followed by polymerization.
- the above-mentioned precursor before polyimide has a logarithmic viscosity (30 ° C., concentration; 0.5 g / 10 OmL NMP) of 0.3 or more, particularly 0.5 to 7. Further, when the above polymerization is carried out at a temperature of about 80 ° C. or higher, a polyimide precursor which is partially closed to form an imid is obtained.
- diamine component examples include p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, 4,4,1-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,3,1-dimethyl-4,4,1-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3 , 3,1-diethoxy-1,4,4'-diaminodiph Phenyl ether, 3,3, dihydroxy-1,4,1, diaminobiphenyl and the like.
- diaminopyridine compounds such as 2,6-diaminopyridine, 3,6-diaminopyridine, 2,5-diaminopyridine, and 3,4-diaminopyridine are exemplified.
- diamine components may be used as a mixture of two or more.
- 1 mol% or more of the diamine component is 3,3'-dihydroxy-4,4,1-diaminobiphenyl.
- 3,3 ′, 4,4,1-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and 2,3,3,4,1-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride are preferable, but 2,3 , 3 ', 4' — or 3, 3 ', 4, 4, 1-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid, or 2, 3, 3', 4 '— or 3, 3', 4, 4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid It may be a salt or an esterified derivative thereof.
- These biphenyltetracarboxylic acids may be used as a mixture of two or more.
- the above tetrahydroruponic acid component includes pyromellitic acid, 3,3 ′, 4,4,1-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid, 2,2-bis (3,4 Dicarboxyphenyl) propane, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfone, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) thioether, Butanetetracarbonic acid or a tetracarboxylic acid such as an acid anhydride, salt or ester derivative thereof is contained in a proportion of not more than 10 mol%, particularly not more than 5 mol%, based on all tetracarboxylic acid components. Is also good.
- the microporous polymer membrane used in the present invention has an average pore diameter of preferably 0.01 to 50; m, more preferably 0.05 to 10 / m. If the average pore size is too small, it becomes difficult to impregnate the mixture of the polymer and the molten salt or the molten salt. If the average pore size is too large, the mechanical strength of the polymer microporous membrane decreases, or the polymer and the molten salt It is not preferable because a mixture of and and a molten salt cannot be stably maintained.
- the microporous polymer membrane used in the present invention has a porosity of preferably 10 to 9 0 # 3 ⁇ 4%, and more preferably 20 to 80% by volume. If the porosity is too small, the amount of the mixture of the polymer and the molten salt that can be retained and the amount of the molten salt are reduced, and the ion conductivity is undesirably reduced. On the other hand, if it is too large, the mechanical strength of the polymer microporous membrane is lowered, and a mixture of the polymer and the molten salt or the molten salt cannot be stably held, which is not preferable.
- the polymer microporous membrane used in the present invention the linear expansion coefficient, 0. 5 ⁇ 1 0 X 1 0- 5 / of ° C is preferred. It is preferable that the galley value is 10 to 100 sec / 100 cc.
- the film thickness can be set depending on the application. For example, the thickness is preferably 10 to 5 (Uzm) for a lithium battery, and 10 to 250 / m for a fuel cell.
- the polymer in the mixture of the polymer and the molten salt contained in the polymer microporous membrane is not particularly limited as long as it can be contained together with the molten salt.
- the butyl polymer polyacrylate or polymethacrylate polymers such as polymethyl acrylate, polyethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyethyl methacrylate;
- examples include halogen-based polymers such as vinylidene, polystyrene-based polymers such as polystyrene and poly ( ⁇ -methylstyrene), and polymers whose main chain is aliphatic, such as polyacrylonitrile and polyvinyl acetate.
- aromatic polyether such as polyacrylonitrile and polyvinyl acetate.
- Aromatic polymers such as tersulfone, aromatic polysulfone, aromatic polyetherketone, aromatic polyesteretherketone, aromatic polyetherketoneketone, aromatic polyimide, and polyphenylene oxide may also be mentioned. it can.
- the polymer is preferably a cation exchange group-containing polymer.
- the cation exchange group is preferably a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group or a phosphonic acid group.
- Examples of such a cation exchange group-containing polymer include polystyrene sulfonic acid, polyvinyl benzyl sulfonic acid, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-50991, and European Polymer Journal, Vol. Styrene- (ethylene-butylene) -styrene-triblock copolymer ⁇ styrene- (ethylene-propylene) block copolymer containing a sulfonate group, as described in Macromolecules, 61 (2001). Vol. 28, 8702 (1995) and European Polymer Journal, Vol.
- the main polymer is an aliphatic polymer, such as a molecule, a perfluorinated polymer containing a sulfonic acid group or a carboxylic acid group such as Naphion (registered trademark), Aciplex (registered trademark), and Flemion (registered trademark).
- Aromatic polymers such as oxides can also be mentioned.
- JP-A-61-43630 J. Membr. Sci., Vol. 83, 211 (1993), J. Polym. Sci., Part A, Polym.
- the positive ion exchange group preferably has an ion exchange capacity of 0.3 to 7 meq / g, more preferably 0.5 to 7 meq / g. If the ion exchange capacity is lower than the above lower limit, the molten salt may bleed out and may not be retained, which is not preferable.
- the molten salt in the mixture of the polymer and the molten salt contained in the polymer microporous membrane has a melting point of preferably 100 ° C or less, more preferably 80 ° C or less, and still more preferably. Is 60 ° C. or less, and known ones can be used.
- the molten salt is composed of a cation component and an anion component, and is preferably a liquid at room temperature, a room temperature molten salt, an ionic liquid, or the like.
- the cation component constituting the molten salt is preferably an ammonium ion from the viewpoint of the stability of the molten salt and the like, and examples thereof include a force ion having the following structure.
- R 1 to R 7 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Further, those having a ring structure may have a substituent other than a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom constituting the ring. ]
- Examples of the cation component include those having a ring structure, such as imidazole (a ring, a triazolyl ring, a pyridine ring, a pyridine ring, a pyridine ring, a cyclohexane ring, a benzene ring and those having a substituent on these rings).
- Those preferably used and having a linear or branched alkyl group include those having 1 to 10 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl and hexyl.
- imidazolym cations, triazolym cations, tetraalkylammonium cations, pyrrolidinium cations, and pyridinium cations are preferred.
- the anion component constituting the molten salt is preferably, for example, sulfonic acid, sulfonic acid conjugate, carboxylic acid, inorganic acid and the like.
- sulfonic acid sulfonic acid conjugate, carboxylic acid, inorganic acid and the like.
- molten salt preferably include the following.
- Trifluoroacetates such as 1,3-dimethylimidazolimium trifluoroacetate and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolimium trifluoroacetate.
- Hexafluorophosphates such as 1,3-dimethylimidazolymehexafluorophosphate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolymehexafluorophosphate.
- Methanesulfonates such as 1,3-dimethylimidazonium methanesulfonate, 1-methylimidazonium methanesulfonate, 1-ethylimidazonium methanesulfonate, and 1-vinylimidazonium methanesulfonate.
- Acetates such as 1,3-dimethylimidazolium acetate, 1-ethyl-13-methylimidazolium acetate, 1-methylimidazolium acetate, 1-ethylimidazolium acetate and the like.
- 1,3-dimethylimidazolium nitrate, 1-ethyl-13-methylimidazolium nitrate, 1-methylimidazolium nitrate, 1-ethylimidazolium nitrate, 1-vinylimidazolium nitrate Formulaates such as.
- Nitrites such as 1,3-dimethylimidazolimite, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolimite.
- Sulfites such as 1,3-dimethylimidazolium sulphite, 1-methylimidazolium sulphite, 1-ethylimidazolium sulphite, 1-vinyl imidazolium sulphite.
- 1,3-Dimethylimidazolid bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide 1,3-Diethylimidazolid bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imid, 1,2-Dimethylimidazolidimbis ( Trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imid, 1,2-Jetylimidazolidimbis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imid, 1-Ethyl-1-3-methylimidazolidimbis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imid 1-Methyl-1-3-propylimidazolidimbis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imid, 2-ethyl-1-1-methylimidazolidumbis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imid, 1-ethyl-2-methylimidazolid Bis (trifluoromethylsulfonium) imido, 1,2,3-trimethylimidazolium bis (trifluoro 1,2-Dimethyl
- imidazolium salts are preferable because of their low viscosity at room temperature. If the viscosity is too high, it is difficult for the polymer microporous membrane to contain a molten salt.
- the range of 1 is preferred, and the range of 5 95 to 95/5 is preferred. If the ratio of the molten salt is smaller than the above lower limit, the ion conductivity becomes small, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the ratio of the molten salt is larger than the above upper limit, the molten salt cannot be stably held, which is not preferable.
- the content ratio of the mixture of the polymer and the molten salt is preferably from 1 to 99% by weight, more preferably from 5 to 95% by weight.
- the content ratio is calculated by the following equation.
- W i represents the weight of the polymer microporous membrane
- W 2 represents the weight of the polymer electrolyte membrane after containing the mixture of the polymer and the molten salt.
- the molten salt to be contained solely in the polymer microporous membrane the same molten salt as used in the mixture of the above polymer and the molten salt is used.
- the content of the molten salt is preferably from 1 to 90% by volume, more preferably from 5 to 90% by volume.
- the content ratio (volume%) of the molten salt is calculated by the following equation.
- S is the area of the polymer microporous membrane
- d is the film thickness
- a is the weight of the impregnated molten salt
- b is the density of the molten salt.
- Examples of preferred forms of the polymer electrolyte membrane of the present invention containing the mixture of the above-mentioned polymer and molten salt and / or the molten salt in the above-mentioned polymer microporous membrane having pores penetrating on both sides. are listed below.
- a polymer electrolyte membrane containing a molten salt in pores of the polymer microporous membrane A polymer electrolyte membrane containing a molten salt in pores of the polymer microporous membrane.
- a mixture of a polymer and a molten salt is contained in the pores of the microporous polymer membrane.
- a mixture of the polymer and a molten salt is contained in the pores and both faces of the microporous polymer membrane Polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the production of the polymer electrolyte membrane containing the molten salt is carried out by immersing the polymer microporous membrane in the molten salt, whereby the molten salt is contained in the pores of the polymer microporous membrane. Can be achieved by impregnating and holding. If necessary, while degassing under reduced pressure and Z or applying pressure, permeate the molten salt, replace the gas in the pores of the polymer microporous membrane with the molten salt, and replace the gas in the pores of the polymer microporous membrane. May be impregnated with the above molten salt.
- the molten salt may be impregnated as a solution of a solvent that does not dissolve the polymer microporous membrane.
- the solvent may be removed by heating and drying later.
- the solvent used for preparing the molten salt solution is not particularly limited as long as it does not substantially dissolve the polymer microporous membrane, and examples thereof include amides, sulfones, alcohols, and the like. Examples include ether-based and ketone-based solvents.
- water N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-1-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, dimethylsulfoxide, sulfolane, Diphenylsulfone, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethylene glycol , Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, getyl ether, acetone and the like are preferably used.
- the temperature at which the molten salt or the solution of the molten salt is impregnated into the polymer microporous membrane ranges from a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the molten salt and the solvent to a temperature equal to or lower than the boiling point of the solvent.
- the temperature is not particularly limited as long as it is within the range of the temperature until decomposition or the temperature until decomposition of the molten salt. For example, it can be performed at a temperature of 0 to 300 ° C.
- the production of the polymer electrolyte membrane containing the mixture of the polymer and the molten salt is performed by dissolving the mixture of the polymer and the molten salt in a solvent that does not dissolve the polymer microporous membrane. This can be achieved by immersing the microporous polymer membrane in the solution thus obtained, impregnating the microporous polymer with the solution, and then drying and removing the solvent. If necessary, the solution of the mixture is allowed to pass through while degassing and / or pressurizing under reduced pressure, and the gas in the pores of the microporous polymer membrane is replaced with the solution, and the solution of the microporous polymer membrane is removed. The solution may be impregnated in the pores.
- the solvent for dissolving the mixture of the polymer and the molten salt is not particularly limited as long as it does not substantially dissolve the polymer microporous membrane, and is used for preparing the molten salt solution.
- the same solvents as those described above are used.
- the temperature at which the solution of the mixture is impregnated into the polymer microporous membrane is from a temperature not lower than the melting point of the molten salt and the solvent to a temperature not higher than the boiling point of the solvent, until the polymer microporous membrane is melted or decomposed.
- the temperature is not particularly limited as long as it is within the range of the above temperature or the temperature until the decomposition of the molten salt. For example, it can be performed at a temperature of 0 to 300 ° C.
- a layer containing a molten salt in the pores of the polymer microporous membrane and comprising a mixture of a polymer and a molten salt is coated on both surfaces of the polymer microporous membrane.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane that has been used, the polymer microporous membrane is immersed in the molten salt, the pores of the polymer microporous membrane are impregnated with the molten salt, A solution obtained by dissolving a mixture of the above-mentioned polymer and molten salt in a solvent that does not dissolve the polymer microporous membrane is applied to both surfaces of the microporous membrane, and the solvent is dried and removed.
- the molten salt may be impregnated as a solution of a solvent that does not dissolve the polymer microporous membrane. In this case, only the solvent may be removed by heating and drying later.
- the solvent used for preparing the solution of the molten salt and the solvent used for preparing the solution of the mixture are not particularly limited as long as they do not substantially dissolve the polymer microporous membrane.
- a solvent similar to the solvent used for preparing a solution of the molten salt is used.
- the temperature at which the molten salt is impregnated and the solution of the mixture are applied to the polymer microporous membrane at a temperature from the melting point of the molten salt and the solvent to the boiling point of the solvent.
- the temperature is not particularly limited as long as it is within a temperature range until the film is melted or decomposed or within a range of ⁇ until the molten salt is decomposed. For example, it can be performed at a temperature of 0 to 300 ° C.
- the impregnation of the polymer microporous membrane with the molten salt and the impregnation of the polymer microporous membrane with the solution of the mixture of the polymer and the molten salt are easily performed.
- a surfactant may be used.
- inorganic acids such as phosphoric acid, hypophosphorous acid, and sulfuric acid or salts thereof, perfluoroalkylsulfonic acids having 1 to 14 carbon atoms or salts thereof, and 1 to 14 carbon atoms.
- Vacuum dried membrane at 60 ° C for 16 hours using a 0.65 cm radius stainless steel plate The ionic conductivity was determined by complex impedance measurement using a FRD 1025 manufactured by Princeton Applied Reseach and Potent iostat / Gal variostat 283 in a thermostat at a predetermined temperature in a sealed container.
- the measurement was performed at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min under a helium stream using a Perkin-Elma DSC-7.
- the thickness and weight of the polymer microporous membrane cut into a predetermined size were measured, and the porosity was determined from the basis weight by the following formula.
- S is the area of the microporous polymer membrane
- d is the film thickness
- w is the measured weight
- D is the density of polyimide
- the density of polyimide is 1.34.
- N-methyl-1-pyrrolidone as a solvent, dissolve the polymer at a concentration of 0.5 g / dL, measure using an Ubbelohde viscometer at a temperature of 25 ° C, and use the following equation (1) Calculated. (1) to 1 where ts is the solution measurement time, t. Indicates the solvent measurement time, and C indicates the solution concentration.
- the sample was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours in a 0.01 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and then filtered. The filtrate was titrated with an aqueous solution of 0.01 N hydrochloric acid to determine the amount of sodium hydroxide consumed, and the ion exchange capacity was calculated.
- Thin slices were prepared by cutting the film in the thickness direction, and observed at 90,000 magnification using JEOL Ltd. 5 ⁇ 1-200.
- This solution was cast on a mirror-polished SUS plate, and then the surface was covered with a polyolefin microporous membrane (Ube Industries, Ltd .; UP-3025) to adjust the solvent replacement speed.
- a polyolefin microporous membrane Ube Industries, Ltd .; UP-3025
- a microporous polyamic acid membrane was obtained.
- N, N-dimethylacetamide as a solvent and 4,4,1-diaminodiphenylether as a diamine component and 3,3 3′-Dihydroxy-4,4,1-diaminobiphenyl was charged so as to have a molar ratio of 6Z4, and stirred and dissolved at 40 ° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- 3,3 ', 4,4,1-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride is added in several stages sequentially to the equimolar amount to the diamine component, and the mixture is stirred and reacted at 40 ° C for about 12 hours.
- a viscous polyamic acid solution having a solid component weight ratio of 9.0% by weight was obtained.
- This solution was cast onto a mirror-polished SUS plate, and then the surface was coated with a polyolefin microporous membrane (Ube Industries, Ltd .; UP-325) to adjust the solvent replacement rate.
- the resultant was covered, and the resultant was immersed in methanol and subsequently in water to obtain a microporous polyamic acid membrane.
- After fixing the periphery of this film with a pin tenter it was subjected to a heat treatment at 320 ° C. in the air to obtain a polyimide microporous film PI-2 having the following characteristics.
- poly (oxy-1,4-phenyleneoxy 1,1,4-phenylenecarbonyl-1,4-phenylene) weight average molecular weight about 20,800, number average molecular weight 10,300, 10 g of a melting point of 3222 ° C. was dissolved in 10 OmL of 98% sulfuric acid, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 45 hours, and the solution was poured into a large amount of water to precipitate a white solid, which was separated by filtration. The obtained solid was washed with a large amount of water until the washing water became neutral, and dried under reduced pressure to obtain a sulfonic acid group-containing polyester ether ketone. It was 54 mm 01 /.
- the obtained solid was washed twice in hot water and once in methanol, and dried under reduced pressure to obtain a 7_K sparse segment prepolymer Ia.
- the solution viscosity s P / c of the obtained polymer a was 0.42.
- the obtained copolymer (10 g) was dissolved in 98% sulfuric acid (10 OmL) and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The solution was poured into a large amount of water to precipitate a white solid, which was separated by filtration. The obtained solid was washed twice in hot water and once in methanol, and dried under reduced pressure to obtain sulfonic acid group-containing polyethersulfone.
- the reduced viscosity of the obtained polymer was 0.42 dL / g, the ion exchange capacity was 1.78 mmol / g, and the weight fraction of the hydrophilic segment determined by LH -NMR was 0 4 9
- a phase separation structure was observed by TEM observation. was confirmed.
- the polyimide microporous membrane PI-1 obtained in Synthetic Example 1 was disc-shaped with a diameter of 13 mm. A test piece was cut out.
- the Etlm + TfS ⁇ obtained in Synthesis Example 3 was suctioned under reduced pressure, and was impregnated into a test piece of the polyimide microporous membrane. After the reduced pressure suction was finished with both sides wet, the Etlm + TfS- overflowing on both sides was wiped off with a paper envelope. After this impregnation operation, the specimen became dark, suggesting that Etlm + TfS- was retained in the micropores.
- the content ratio of Etlm + TfS ⁇ calculated from the increase in weight of the test piece was 19% by volume. Table 1 and FIG.
- Example 1 The procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyimide microporous membrane PI-12 obtained in Synthesis Example 2 was used. After impregnation with Etlm + TfS-, the specimen became dark, suggesting that Etlm + TfS- was retained in the micropores. The content of Etlm + TfS- calculated from the weight increase of the test piece was 66% by volume. Table 1 and FIG. 1 show the ion conductivity measurement results of this test piece. Ion conductivity at 1 5 0 ° C was a 2. 6 X 1 0- 3 as high as S cm one 1. After the measurement of the ionic conductivity, the test piece remained unchanged in shape and weight and thickness, indicating that the film was stable even at high temperatures. Also, there was no liquid attached to the electrode side, and the retention of Etlm + TfS- was good.
- the polyimide microporous membrane PI-1 obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was left as it was without impregnation. I tried to measure ion conductivity, but did not show ion conductivity.
- the sulfonic acid group-containing polyethersulfone obtained in Synthesis Example 4 and the Etlm + TfS- obtained in Synthesis Example 3 were 6.7% by weight and 27.6% by weight, respectively (the weight ratio was 20 /
- the solution was dissolved in N, N-dimethylacetamide to a concentration of 80).
- the polyimide microporous membrane P1-2 obtained in Synthesis Example 2 was cut into a disk having a diameter of 13 mm to prepare a test piece, which was impregnated with the above solution while sucking under reduced pressure. Terminate the vacuum suction with both sides wet, gently wipe off the overflowing water, then at 60 ° C for 2 hours, at 110 ° C for 12 hours, at 150 ° C.
- the sulfonic acid group-containing polyether sulfone obtained in Synthesis Example 6 and the Etlm + TfS- obtained in Synthesis Example 3 were each adjusted to a concentration of 12% by weight (weight ratio: 50/50). Was dissolved in N, N-dimethylacetamide.
- the polyimide microporous membrane PI-2 obtained in Synthesis Example 2 was cut into a disc having a diameter of 13 mm to prepare a test piece, which was impregnated with Etlm + TfS- while suctioning under reduced pressure. The vacuum suction was terminated while both surfaces were still wet. The test piece became darker, suggesting that Etlm + TfS- was retained.
- the solution was heated at 60 ° C for 2 hours, at 120 ° C for 12 hours, and 1 hour.
- the solvent was removed by drying under reduced pressure at 50 ° C for 2 hours, and a membrane composed of sulfonic acid group-containing polyether sulfone and Etlm + TfS- was coated on both sides. Both sides of the test piece were tacky.
- the thickness of the specimen increased from 75 to 117 m.
- Table 3 and FIG. 3 show the ionic conductivity measurement results of this test piece.
- the ionic conductivity at 150 ° C. was as high as 2.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Scm ⁇ 1 .
- the test piece after the ionic conductivity measurement showed no change in both weight and thickness, the shape was maintained, and it was found that the film was stable even at high temperatures. In addition, there was no liquid attached to the electrode side, and the retention of sulfonic acid group-containing polyether sulfone and Et Im + Tf S- was good.
- the present invention it is inexpensive, durable, has excellent mechanical strength, and retains its structure even at high temperatures Excellent in heat resistance, stable retention of molten salt in polymer microporous membrane, excellent heat resistance, high ionic conductivity even without water or solvent, fuel cell, secondary battery, electric double layer Kano ,. It is possible to provide a polymer electrolyte membrane that can be used for a capacitor, an electrolytic capacitor, and the like, and a method for producing the same.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
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DE60323367T DE60323367D1 (de) | 2002-06-19 | 2003-06-18 | Polyelektrolytmembran und herstellungsverfahren dafür |
JP2004515508A JP3992040B2 (ja) | 2002-06-19 | 2003-06-18 | 高分子電解質膜およびその製造法 |
AU2003244261A AU2003244261A1 (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2003-06-18 | Polyelectrolyte membrane and production method therefor |
EP03760883A EP1515346B1 (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2003-06-18 | Polyelectrolyte membrane and production method therefor |
US10/518,026 US7544445B2 (en) | 2002-06-19 | 2003-06-18 | Polyelectrolyte membrane and production method therefor |
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EP (1) | EP1515346B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3992040B2 (ja) |
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KR100959762B1 (ko) * | 2004-07-19 | 2010-05-25 | 성균관대학교산학협력단 | 수소이온 전도성 고분자 전해질막 및 그의 제조방법 |
US8697309B2 (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2014-04-15 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Proton conductor and fuel cell using the same |
JP2006299120A (ja) * | 2005-04-21 | 2006-11-02 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd | 樹脂シート及び電子部品搬送用容器並びにカバーテープ |
JP2007026745A (ja) * | 2005-07-13 | 2007-02-01 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | イオン伝導体及びエネルギーデバイス |
JP4644759B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-22 | 2011-03-02 | 日産自動車株式会社 | イオン伝導体、及びこれを用いた燃料電池セル |
JP2007035300A (ja) * | 2005-07-22 | 2007-02-08 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | イオン伝導体、及びこれを用いたエネルギーデバイス、燃料電池セル |
JP2007329106A (ja) * | 2006-06-09 | 2007-12-20 | Canon Inc | 高分子電解質、その製造方法、膜電極接合体及び燃料電池 |
JP2008016287A (ja) * | 2006-07-05 | 2008-01-24 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | イオン伝導性電解質膜、これを用いたエネルギーデバイス及び燃料電池セル |
JP2008034212A (ja) * | 2006-07-28 | 2008-02-14 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | イオン伝導体、エネルギーデバイス及び燃料電池 |
WO2011102327A1 (ja) * | 2010-02-16 | 2011-08-25 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | 固体電解質膜およびその製造方法 |
US9171655B2 (en) | 2010-02-16 | 2015-10-27 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Solid electrolyte film, and method for producing same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2003244261A1 (en) | 2004-01-06 |
EP1515346B1 (en) | 2008-09-03 |
JP3992040B2 (ja) | 2007-10-17 |
EP1515346A1 (en) | 2005-03-16 |
DE60323367D1 (de) | 2008-10-16 |
US7544445B2 (en) | 2009-06-09 |
ATE407434T1 (de) | 2008-09-15 |
US20050221193A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
JPWO2004001771A1 (ja) | 2005-10-27 |
EP1515346A4 (en) | 2006-07-26 |
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