WO2003066529A1 - Dispositif de traitement de l'eau - Google Patents
Dispositif de traitement de l'eau Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003066529A1 WO2003066529A1 PCT/JP2003/001045 JP0301045W WO03066529A1 WO 2003066529 A1 WO2003066529 A1 WO 2003066529A1 JP 0301045 W JP0301045 W JP 0301045W WO 03066529 A1 WO03066529 A1 WO 03066529A1
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- water
- anode
- electrolytic cell
- water treatment
- treated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4676—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electroreduction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C02F2101/163—Nitrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
- C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/30—H2
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water treatment device for performing a denitrification treatment by an electrochemical reaction without using a biological denitrification treatment method.
- nitrogen components such as nitrate ions, nitrite ions, and ammonia dissolved in industrial wastewater, domestic wastewater, and groundwater are substances that cause water pollution, it is extremely important to develop a means for removing such nitrogen components. is there.
- a biological denitrification method using a denitrifying bacterium is conventionally known. Since the extent of the activity depends on the temperature, there is a problem that the ability to remove nitrogen components fluctuates greatly depending on the season.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-3475758 discloses a method of removing the nitrogen component by an electrochemical reaction without using a biocatalyst such as a denitrifying bacterium.
- reaction formula (1) a reduction reaction of nitrate ions represented by the following reaction formula (1) occurs at the cathode, and a reaction represented by the following reaction formulas (2) and (3) occurs at the anode.
- reaction formula (4) shows that nitrogen gas is generated and volatilized by the reaction between ammonia generated at the power source and hypochlorous acid generated at the anode.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a series of water treatment steps for reducing (sub) nitrite in water to be treated by an electrochemical reaction, and removing generated ammonia from the water to be treated instead of nitrogen gas.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a device configuration that can be efficiently and automatically controlled.
- the first water treatment apparatus for solving the above problems,
- a hydrogen gas sensor that measures the hydrogen gas concentration in the electrolytic cell
- the first water treatment device is provided with a hydrogen gas sensor. Therefore, during a series of water treatment steps in which (nitrite) nitrate ions in the water to be treated are reduced to ammonia by an electrochemical reaction, and the ammonia is decomposed and removed into nitrogen gas, the water is generated in the electrolytic cell. By measuring the concentration of hydrogen gas generated, changes over time in the concentration can be detected. Further, in the series of water treatment steps, (i) when the hydrogen gas concentration is low relative to the control current value (the hydrogen gas concentration in the electrolytic cell is assumed from the value of the control current flowing through the power source and the anode).
- the control current value flowing through the power source and the anode, the hydrogen gas concentration in the electrolytic cell measured by the hydrogen gas sensor, and the correlation between the control current value and the hydrogen gas concentration Based on the data and the reduction reaction completion detecting means, it can be determined which of the above (i) and (ii) is applicable. In addition, when it is determined that the above (i) is satisfied, the reaction can be terminated assuming that the (a) nitrate ion reduction reaction has been completed, thereby performing unnecessary electrochemical reactions and The accompanying waste of cost can be prevented. On the other hand, when it is determined that the above (ii) is satisfied, it is determined that the reduction reaction has not been completed, and the reaction can be continued / started.
- the first water treatment apparatus of the present invention automatically detects the completion of the (a) nitrate ion reduction reaction, and performs the above series of water treatment steps automatically and efficiently. It is suitable as an apparatus configuration.
- the method of detecting is to introduce the water to be treated into the electrolytic cell of the first water treatment apparatus, measure the hydrogen gas concentration in the electrolytic cell while energizing the electrolytic cell, and measure the hydrogen gas concentration with the measured value of the hydrogen gas concentration. It is characterized in that the completion of the nitrite ion reduction reaction is detected based on the control current value of the electrolytic cell.
- a procedure of measuring the concentration of hydrogen gas in the electrolytic cell with a hydrogen gas sensor in the series of water treatment steps is incorporated in order to capture a temporal change in the concentration of hydrogen gas generated in the electrolytic cell.
- the detection of the completion of the reduction reaction based on the measured value of the hydrogen gas concentration and the control current value includes the control current value, the hydrogen gas concentration in the electrolytic cell, the control current value, as in the first water treatment apparatus. What is necessary is just to perform the correlation data with the hydrogen gas concentration and the reduction reaction completion detecting means.
- Such a detection method is used in the automatic control of a water treatment apparatus with a denitrification treatment. This is suitable as a method for automatically judging the completion of the reduction reaction.
- a second water treatment apparatus for solving the above problems
- a hydrogen gas sensor that measures the hydrogen gas concentration in the electrolytic cell
- the second water treatment device is provided with a hydrogen gas sensor.
- a hydrogen gas sensor similarly to the first water treatment apparatus according to the present invention, the concentration of hydrogen gas generated in the electrolytic cell during the series of water treatment steps is measured, and the concentration of the hydrogen gas over time is measured. Change can be captured. Further, according to the above second water treatment apparatus, it is possible to detect a decrease in the ability of the hydrogen gas sensor to reduce (a) nitrate ion by the force source based on the measurement of the hydrogen gas sensor and its aging. For example, (I) contained in the water to be treated based on the control current value flowing through the electrolytic cell when the hydrogen gas concentration in the electrolytic cell measured by the hydrogen gas sensor indicates a predetermined value.
- the concentration of nitrate ions is estimated, and (II) the control current value, the estimated (sub) nitrate ion concentration, and the data of the reduction reaction capacity of (sub) nitrate ions by force sword are used to treat the water to be treated.
- the energization time required to reduce the contained (sub) ion nitrate was estimated, and (II I) the estimated energization time required for the reduction reaction and the energization time actually required to complete the reduction reaction Based on the difference between and, it is possible to detect whether or not the reduction reaction ability of the cathode has decreased.
- the above second water treatment apparatus performs the above steps (I) to ( ⁇ )
- the (a) nitrate ion concentration estimated by the (a) nitrate ion concentration estimating means is contained in the water to be treated based on the control current value and the reduction reaction capacity value of the force sword.
- the reduction reaction capacity detecting means detects a reduction in the reduction reaction capacity of the power source based on a difference between the estimated required power supply time estimated by the required power supply time estimation means and the actual required power supply time. Is preferred.
- the (sub) nitrate contained in the water to be treated is reduced by the electrochemical reaction using the hydrogen gas sensor and the reduction reaction capacity detecting means.
- the difference between the estimated time required for the reduction and the time actually required for the reduction process it is possible to automatically and early detect a decrease in the reduction processing capability of the power sword.
- the second water treatment apparatus of the present invention and its preferred embodiments are suitable as an apparatus configuration capable of performing the series of water treatment steps automatically and efficiently.
- the method for detecting the decrease in the reaction capacity is to measure the concentration of hydrogen gas in the electrolytic cell while introducing the water to be treated into the electrolytic cell in the second water treatment apparatus while supplying electricity to the electrolytic cell. It is characterized in that a reduction in the reduction reaction capability of the power sword is detected based on the measured value.
- a procedure of measuring the concentration of hydrogen gas in the electrolytic cell with a hydrogen gas sensor in the series of water treatment steps is incorporated in order to capture a temporal change in the concentration of hydrogen gas generated in the electrolytic cell. ing.
- the control current value, the hydrogen gas concentration in the electrolytic cell, the correlation data between the control current value and the hydrogen gas concentration, And (sub) nitrate ion concentration estimation means In order to estimate the (sub) nitrate ion concentration of the water to be treated, the control current value, the hydrogen gas concentration in the electrolytic cell, the correlation data between the control current value and the hydrogen gas concentration, And (sub) nitrate ion concentration estimation means.
- the (sub) nitrate ion of the water to be treated is determined based on the measured value of the hydrogen gas sensor and the control current value of the electrolytic cell.
- the concentration is estimated, and the energization time required to reduce (sub) nitrate ions contained in the water to be treated is determined. After estimating the reduction time, it is preferable to detect a decrease in the reduction reaction capacity of the cathode based on the difference between the estimated required power supply time and the actual required power supply time.
- These detection methods are suitable as a method for automatically detecting a reduction in the reduction reaction capacity of a power sword in automatic control of a water treatment apparatus.
- a third water treatment apparatus for solving the above problems,
- An anode for producing chlorine from chloride ions by an electrochemical reaction An anode for producing chlorine from chloride ions by an electrochemical reaction
- Residual chlorine for measuring the residual chlorine concentration of the water to be treated stored in the electrolytic cell-a denitrification reaction completion detecting means for detecting completion of the denitrification reaction based on the measurement value of the residual chlorine sensor;
- the third water treatment apparatus is provided with a residual chlorine sensor. For this reason, the concentration of residual chlorine contained in the water to be treated can be measured during the series of water treatment steps, and a change with time in the concentration can be detected.
- the water to be treated needs residual chlorine to react with ammonia and decompose it into nitrogen gas. Therefore, conventionally, for example, chloride ions are introduced into the water to be treated to generate hypochlorous acid (ions) by an anodic reaction, or hypochlorous acid (ions) are introduced directly into the water to be treated. Action has been taken.
- hypochlorous acid (ion) introduced into the water to be treated is generated with the progress of the denitrification treatment, so that the amount usually decreases with time.
- the third water treatment apparatus of the present invention based on the residual chlorine concentration of the water to be treated measured by the residual chlorine sensor, the presence or absence of ammonia to be denitrified (that is, (a) ) Or (b)). Further, when it is determined that the above falls under (a), it is determined that the denitrification reaction (decomposition / removal of ammonia) has been completed, and the reaction can be terminated. That is, the completion of the denitrification reaction can be detected. On the other hand, if it is determined that the above falls under (b), it is determined that the denitrification reaction has not been completed yet.
- the reaction can be continued.
- the third water treatment apparatus of the present invention is preferably used as an apparatus configuration capable of automatically judging the completion of the denitrification reaction and performing the series of water treatment steps automatically and efficiently. It is.
- the third water treatment apparatus further includes a hydrogen gas sensor for measuring a hydrogen gas concentration in the electrolytic cell, and the denitrification reaction completion detecting means includes a measurement value of the residual chlorine sensor and a measurement value of the hydrogen gas sensor. It is preferable to detect the completion of the denitrification reaction based on the measured value.
- the completion of the denitrification reaction is more accurately measured by measuring the change in the residual chlorine concentration and the change in the hydrogen gas concentration in the electrolytic cell. Can be detected.
- the completion of the denitrification reaction can be automatically detected.
- the method of detecting the completion of the reaction is to measure the residual chlorine concentration of the water to be treated while introducing the water to be treated into the electrolytic cell in the third water treatment apparatus, and then supplying electricity to the electrolytic cell. It is characterized by detecting the completion of the denitrification reaction based on the measured value of the concentration.
- a procedure of measuring the residual chlorine concentration of the water to be treated by a residual chlorine sensor is incorporated in the above series of water treatment steps in order to capture the temporal change in the residual chlorine concentration of the treated water.
- the completion of the denitrification reaction may be detected by using the time-dependent change of the measured value of the residual chlorine sensor, similarly to the third water treatment apparatus.
- the residual chlorine concentration of the water to be treated and the hydrogen gas concentration in the electrolytic cell are measured while energizing the electrolytic cell.
- the completion of the denitrification reaction is detected based on the measured values of the residual chlorine concentration and the hydrogen gas concentration.
- a fourth water treatment apparatus for solving the above problems,
- An electrolytic cell containing the anode and the cathode
- a residual chlorine sensor for measuring the residual chlorine concentration of the water to be treated stored in the electrolytic cell, and a residual chlorine production capability detecting means for detecting a decrease in the residual chlorine production capability of the anode based on the measurement value of the residual chlorine sensor;
- the fourth water treatment apparatus is provided with a residual chlorine sensor and a residual chlorine generation ability detecting means. Therefore, it is possible to measure the concentration of residual chlorine contained in the water to be treated during the above-mentioned series of water treatment steps, and to grasp the change with time of the concentration.
- T pigeon 45
- the residual amount required to reduce the (sub) nitrate ion in the water to be treated to ammonia is determined. Estimate the amount of chlorine.
- the amount of chloride ions capable of producing hypochlorous acid (ion) in accordance with the required residual chlorine amount is estimated, and considering the data such as the chloride ion generating ability of the anode, hypochlorous acid is considered. Introduce an appropriate amount of chloride ion source (eg, salt solution) into the electrolytic cell to produce (ion).
- chloride ion source eg, salt solution
- the anode It can be determined that the ability to generate residual chlorine such as hypochlorous acid (ions) in the sample has decreased.
- the fourth water treatment apparatus described above makes it easier and more accurate to determine the decrease in the ability of the anode to generate residual chlorine.
- the residual chlorine production capacity detecting means further includes a required residual chlorine amount estimating means for estimating the difference between the estimated required residual chlorine amount estimated by the required residual chlorine amount estimating means and the actual required residual chlorine amount. It is preferable to detect a decrease in the ability of the anode to generate residual chlorine based on the above.
- the amount of (sub) nitrate ions of the water to be treated may be a value actually measured by, for example, a (sub) nitrate ion meter. It may be a value estimated from the control current value and the amount of hydrogen gas in the electrolytic cell.
- the above-mentioned fourth water treatment apparatus and a preferred embodiment thereof are suitable as an apparatus configuration capable of performing the above series of water treatment steps automatically and efficiently.
- this detection method is to measure the residual chlorine concentration of the water to be treated while introducing the water to be treated into the electrolytic cell in the fourth water treatment apparatus, and then conducting the current to the electrolytic cell. It is characterized by detecting a decrease in the residual chlorine production capacity of the anode based on the value.
- a procedure of measuring the residual chlorine concentration of the water to be treated by a residual chlorine sensor is incorporated in the above series of water treatment steps in order to capture the temporal change in the residual chlorine concentration of the water to be treated.
- the decrease in the residual chlorine production capacity of anode can be estimated, for example, by estimating the amount of residual chlorine required for the reduction reaction, based on the measured value of the residual chlorine amount of the water to be treated. The amount of residual chlorine required to carry out the reaction may be determined and detected by comparing this with an estimated value.
- the above-mentioned detection method is based on the measured value of the residual chlorine concentration and the amount of (sub) nitrate ions in the water to be treated, in order to make the judgment more easily and reliably.
- the residual chlorine production capacity of the anode is calculated based on the difference between the estimated required residual chlorine amount and the actual required residual chlorine amount. It is preferable to detect a decrease in the temperature.
- These detection methods are suitable as a method for automatically judging a decrease in the ability of the anode to generate hypochlorous acid in automatic control of the water treatment apparatus.
- a fifth water treatment apparatus for solving the above problems
- the fifth water treatment apparatus is provided with a nitrion meter and / or a nitrite noter. Therefore, it is possible to measure the concentration of (nitrite) nitrate ion contained in the water to be treated during the above-mentioned series of water treatment steps, and to detect the change with time of the concentration.
- the (sub) nitrate ion concentration of the water to be treated measured by the (nitrite) nitrate ion meter is such that the reduction treatment to ammonia and the denitrification treatment are not required. If low, the water treatment can be automatically terminated without unnecessary electrolysis.
- the fifth water treatment apparatus of the present invention is suitable as an apparatus configuration capable of performing the series of water treatment steps automatically and efficiently.
- the fifth water treatment apparatus it is possible to detect the end of the nitrite ion reduction reaction in the series of water treatment steps.
- this detection method is to measure the (sub) nitrate ion concentration of the water to be treated while introducing the water to be treated into the electrolytic cell in the fifth water treatment apparatus, and then supplying the electric current to the electrolytic cell. ) Based on the measured value of nitrate ion concentration, (i) detecting the end of nitrate ion reduction reaction.
- the residual chlorine concentration of the water to be treated is measured by a nitrite ion meter in the series of water treatment steps in order to capture the time-dependent change in the concentration of the (nitrite) nitrate ion in the water to be treated. Procedures are incorporated.
- Such a detection method is suitable as a method for automatically determining completion of water treatment in automatic control of the water treatment device.
- a sixth water treatment apparatus for solving the above problems,
- a (monitor) ammonium monogenic ability detection means for detecting a decrease in the ammonia producing ability of the power source based on the measurement value of the nitrate ion meter;
- the sixth water treatment apparatus is provided with a nitrate ion meter and / or a nitrite ion meter and an ammonia generation ability detecting means. Therefore, it is possible to measure the concentration of (sub) nitrate nitrate contained in the water to be treated during the above-mentioned series of water treatment steps, and to detect the change with time of the concentration. Based on the value and its change with time, a decrease in the ability of the cathode to produce ammonia can be automatically detected.
- the amount of ammonia obtained by reducing (nitrite) nitrate ions in the water to be treated and the effective amount required to decompose the ammonia into nitrogen gas Estimate the amount of chlorine (for example, hypochlorous acid (ion), etc.) and introduce it into the electrolytic cell.
- chlorine for example, hypochlorous acid (ion), etc.
- the concentration of (nit) nitrate ion does not decrease even if effective chlorine such as hypochlorous acid (ion) is introduced, or if the rate of decrease is slower than expected, the ammonia production capacity at the cathode Can be determined to have decreased.
- the sixth water treatment apparatus described above makes it easier and more reliable to determine whether the cathode has reduced the ability to produce ammonia.
- ammonia producing ability detecting means detects a decrease in the ammonia producing ability of the cathode based on a difference between the estimated required effective chlorine quantity estimated by the required effective chlorine quantity estimating means and the actual required effective chlorine quantity. It is preferred that
- the sixth water treatment apparatus of the present invention and a preferred embodiment thereof are suitable as an apparatus configuration capable of performing the series of water treatment steps automatically and efficiently.
- the series of water treatment steps In it is possible to automatically detect a decrease in the ability of the power sword to produce ammonia.
- a powerful detection method is to measure the (sub) nitrate ion concentration of the water to be treated while introducing the water to be treated into the electrolytic cell in the sixth water treatment apparatus, and then applying the current to the electrolytic cell.
- (A) It is characterized by detecting a decrease in the ability of force sword to produce ammonia based on the measured value of nitrate ion concentration.
- the concentration of (sub) nitrate ions in the water to be treated is measured by using The procedure for measuring is incorporated.
- the reduction of the ammonia production capacity of the power sword reduces (nitrite) nitrate ions in the water to be treated based on the measured value of the (nitrite) ion concentration in the water to be treated.
- the detection method in order to perform the determination more easily and accurately, after introducing the water to be treated into the electrolytic cell in a preferred embodiment of the water treatment apparatus, based on the measured value of the nitrate ion concentration, (A) After estimating the amount of available chlorine required to decompose ammonia obtained by the reduction of nitrate ions into nitrogen gas, based on the difference between the estimated required amount of available chlorine and the actual required amount of available chlorine, ammonia at the cathode is determined. It is preferable to detect a decrease in production capacity.
- These detection methods are suitable as methods for automatically judging a decrease in the ability of the power sword to produce ammonia in automatic control of the water treatment apparatus.
- the second water treatment apparatus detects a decrease in the reduction reaction capability of a power source based on a measurement value of a hydrogen gas sensor.
- the second water treatment apparatus is configured to detect a decrease in a hydrogen gas concentration and a control current value. Estimates the (sub) nitrate ion concentration of the water to be treated, further estimates the energization time required for the reduction reaction, and detects a decrease in the reduction reaction capacity of the power source based on the difference from the actual energization time. .
- the sixth water treatment apparatus detects a decrease in the reduction reaction capability of the power sword based on the measured value of the (nitrite) nitrate meter. Reduction based on actual measurement 03 01045
- the amount of available chlorine required for the reaction is estimated, and a decrease in the reduction reaction capacity of the power source is detected based on the difference from the amount of available chlorine actually required.
- the decrease in the reduction reaction capacity of the force sword should be detected based on the (sub) nitrate ion concentration measured value, the control current value, and the estimated / measured value of the energization time required for the reduction treatment. Can also.
- a water treatment device that is suitable in the case of power is
- An electrolytic cell containing the cathode and the anode
- nitrate ion meter for measuring (a) nitrate ion concentration of the water to be treated stored in the electrolytic cell
- Reduction reaction ability detection means for detecting a decrease in the reduction reaction capacity of the power source based on a difference between the estimated required conduction time estimated by the required conduction time estimation means and the actual required conduction time;
- the water treatment apparatus described above it is possible to estimate the energization time required for the reduction reaction based on the measured value of the nitrite ion concentration and the control current value. That is, the steps (I) and (II) in the preferred embodiment of the second water treatment apparatus can be performed without using a hydrogen gas sensor.
- the method for detecting the decrease in the reaction capacity is to measure the (sub) nitrate ion concentration of the water to be treated while introducing the water to be treated into the electrolytic cell in the above-mentioned water treatment apparatus and then supplying electricity to the electrolytic cell. Reducing the (nitite) nitrate ion contained in the water to be treated based on the measured value of the (nitite) nitrate ion concentration, the control current value of the electrolytic cell, and the reduction reaction capacity value of the power sword.
- Such a detection method is suitable as a method of automatically detecting a reduction in the reduction reaction capability of a power source in automatic control of a water treatment apparatus.
- An electrolytic cell containing the anode and the cathode
- Decomposition reaction completion detecting means for detecting the completion of the decomposition reaction of ammonia based on the measurement value of the ammonia meter
- the seventh water treatment apparatus is provided with an ammonia meter. For this reason, it is possible to measure the concentration of ammonia contained in the water to be treated during the above-mentioned series of water treatment steps, and to grasp the change with time of the concentration.
- the seventh water treatment apparatus of the present invention is suitable as an apparatus configuration capable of performing the series of water treatment steps automatically and efficiently.
- the end of the ammonia decomposition reaction can be detected in the series of water treatment steps.
- such a detection method is to measure the ammonia concentration of the water to be treated while introducing the water to be treated into the electrolytic cell in the seventh water treatment apparatus, and then applying a current to the electrolytic cell. It is assumed that the end of the ammonia decomposition reaction is detected based on this.
- a procedure for measuring the ammonia concentration of the water to be treated by an ammonia meter is incorporated in the above series of water treatment steps in order to capture the temporal change of the ammonia concentration of the water to be treated.
- Force Cal detection method in the automatic control of the water treatment equipment, is suitable as a method of automatically determining the completion of the water treatment D
- An electrolytic cell containing the anode and the power source
- An effective chlorine generation ability detecting means for detecting a decrease in the effective chlorine production ability of the anode based on the measurement value of the ammonia meter
- the eighth water treatment apparatus is provided with an ammonia meter and a means for detecting available chlorine generation capacity. For this reason, the concentration of ammonia contained in the water to be treated can be measured during the series of water treatment steps, and a change with time in the concentration can be detected. Based on the change, a decrease in the available chlorine production capacity of the anode can be automatically detected.
- the amount of available chlorine required to decompose ammonia in the water to be treated into nitrogen gas and remove it is estimated based on the measurement values of the ammonia meter.
- the amount of hypochlorous acid (ion) corresponding to the required effective chlorine amount is estimated, and the estimation is performed based on the data of the ammonia generation reaction capacity [(sub) nitrate ion reduction reaction capacity] by the anode.
- the available chlorine production detecting means detects a decrease in the available chlorine production capacity of the anode based on the difference between the estimated required available chlorine amount estimated by the required available chlorine amount estimation means and the actual required available chlorine amount. Preferably, it is
- the eighth water treatment apparatus and preferred embodiments thereof are suitable as an apparatus configuration capable of performing the series of water treatment steps automatically and efficiently.
- the method of detecting is to introduce the water to be treated into the electrolytic cell in the eighth water treatment apparatus, measure the ammonia concentration of the water to be treated while energizing the electrolytic cell, and then measure the ammonia concentration. It is characterized by detecting a decrease in the effective chlorine production capacity of the anode based on the above.
- a procedure of measuring the ammonia concentration of the water to be treated by an ammonia meter is incorporated in the series of water treatment steps so as to capture the change over time in the ammonia concentration of the water to be treated.
- the ammonia is decomposed into nitrogen gas on the basis of the measured value of the ammonia concentration in order to more easily and accurately judge the decrease of the available chlorine production ability by the anode. It is preferable to estimate the amount of available chlorine required for the anode and to detect a decrease in the residual chlorine generation capacity of the anode based on the difference between the estimated required amount of available chlorine and the actual required amount of available chlorine.
- These detection methods are suitable as methods for automatically judging a decrease in the ability of the power sword to produce ammonia in automatic control of the water treatment apparatus.
- the fourth water treatment apparatus detects a decrease in the residual chlorine production capacity of the anode based on the measurement value of the residual chlorine sensor.
- the amount of residual chlorine required for the ammonia decomposition reaction is estimated based on the residual chlorine concentration of the anode and the amount of (sub) nitrate ions, and the residual chlorine generation capacity of the anode is estimated based on the difference from the actual required residual chlorine amount. A decrease has been detected.
- the eighth water treatment apparatus detects a decrease in the available chlorine production capacity of the anode based on the measured value of the ammonia meter. In a preferred embodiment, the measured value of the ammonia concentration of the water to be treated is measured.
- the amount of available chlorine required for the decomposition reaction is estimated based on the data, and the decrease in the available chlorine production capacity of the anode is detected based on the difference from the actual required amount of available chlorine.
- the decrease in the residual chlorine (available chlorine) production capacity of the anode is due to the actual measured value of the (sub) nitrate ion amount in the water to be treated, the required residual chlorine (available chlorine) amount estimated from the ion amount, and the actual amount. It can also be detected based on the required amount of residual chlorine (available chlorine) and.
- a suitable water treatment device in such a case is
- An anode for producing chlorine from chloride ions by an electrochemical reaction a cathode
- the amount of (nitrite) nitrate ion of the water to be treated stored in the electrolytic cell Based on the amount of (nitrite) nitrate ion of the water to be treated stored in the electrolytic cell, the amount of residual chlorine required to decompose ammonia, which is a reduction product of the (nitrite) nitrate ion, into nitrogen gas is estimated.
- a means for estimating the required amount of chloride ions for estimating the amount of chloride ions required to generate the residual chlorine;
- a residual chlorine generating ability detecting means for detecting a decrease in the residual chlorine generating capacity of the anode based on a difference between the required chloride ion amount estimated by the estimating means and the actually used chloride ion amount;
- the above water treatment apparatus it is possible to detect a decrease in the ability of the anode to generate residual chlorine (available chlorine) without using a residual chlorine sensor or an ammonia meter.
- the amount of (nitrite) nitrate ion of the water to be treated may be, for example, an actual measurement value obtained by using a (nitrite) nitrite meter. It may be an estimated value based on the actual measurement of the hydrogen gas concentration in the tank and By using the above water treatment apparatus, in the above series of water treatment steps, It is possible to detect a decrease in the residual chlorine (available chlorine) production capacity of the anode.
- the method for detecting the decrease in the production capacity is to introduce the water to be treated into the electrolytic cell in the above-mentioned water treatment apparatus, and then to reduce the (ion) nitrate based on the amount of (sub) nitrate ions in the water to be treated. After estimating the amount of residual chlorine required to decompose the product ammonia into nitrogen gas, and estimating the amount of chloride ions required to generate the residual chlorine, the estimated required amount of chloride ions and the actual amount A decrease in the residual chlorine generation capacity of the anode is detected based on a difference from the required amount of chloride ions. Such a detection method is suitable as a method for automatically detecting a decrease in the ability of the anode to generate residual chlorine (effective chlorine) in automatic control of the water treatment apparatus.
- the current limit of the electrolytic cell is based on the DC power supply, and the control means of the power supply is configured to supply power when energized by the AC input current value and Z or DC output current value to the power supply. Is preferably controlled.
- the capacity of the power supply is small, and even if the corrosion resistance is high, the material having low heat resistance can be used as a constituent material of the electrolytic cell and the like.
- the water level control means of the water to be treated is preferably a float-free water level sensor.
- the float-type water level sensor is less likely to malfunction than the float type, and the electrode-type sensor is less likely to adhere to dirt. This has the advantage that the dynamic control becomes easier. There is also an advantage that multipoint control is possible.
- the water treatment apparatus of the present invention further includes an ozone generator.
- an ozone generator When ozone generated from the ozone generator is introduced into the water to be treated in the electrolytic cell, a reaction to release oxygen atoms occurs as shown in the following equation (5), and the oxygen atoms thus released are converted into the water to be treated. Reacts with ammonia. As a result, an ammonia oxidative denitrification reaction shown in the following reaction formula (6) occurs, and nitrogen gas is generated.
- the following reaction formula (7) is a reaction formula of an ammonia oxidative denitrification reaction using ozone. 0 3 ⁇ 0 2 + 0 (5)
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the water treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing another embodiment of the water treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing still another embodiment of the water treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing still another embodiment of the water treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of a water treatment process using the water treatment device of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a continuation of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing another example of the water treatment process using the water treatment apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a continuation of FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing still another example of the water treatment process using the water treatment apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a continuation of FIG. 9.
- FIG. 1 to 4 show an embodiment of the water treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
- the water treatment apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 includes a so-called non-diaphragm type electrolytic cell 10, in which a power source 15, an anode 16, and a water level sensor are provided. Sa 22 are arranged.
- the water treatment apparatus shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 is provided with a so-called diaphragm-separated electrolytic cell 11.
- the electrolytic cell 11 does not pass (nitrite) nitrate ions but has hydrogen ions (H + ) Is divided into a force sword reaction zone 17 and an anode reaction zone 18 by a membrane 14 that is permeable to).
- a force sword reaction zone 17 is provided with a force sword 15 power and an anode reaction zone 18 is provided with an anode 16 force.
- FIGS. 1 to 4 show a pair of electrodes including a power source (cathode) 15 and an anode (anode) 16, but the electrolytic cell in the water treatment apparatus of the present invention is not limited to this. Instead, a plurality of electrode pairs may be provided.
- the power source for reducing (nitrite) nitrate ions by an electrochemical reaction includes a conductor containing a Group 11 or Group 12 element such as brass, copper, and zinc, or a Group 11 or Group 12 element Covered with a conductor.
- a Group 11 or Group 12 element such as brass, copper, and zinc
- brass is suitable for the present invention because of its excellent nitrate ion reduction characteristics.
- the type of the cathode is not particularly limited. Electrodes can be used.
- the anode that generates chlorine from chloride ions by an electrochemical reaction is not particularly limited.
- a group 10 element such as platinum or palladium on a titanium base material may be used.
- a metal electrode obtained by plating or sintering ruthenium, or the like, or a carbon electrode or a ferrite electrode may be used.
- the type of the anode is not particularly limited, and in addition to the above-described anodes, various conventionally known electrolysis electrodes can be used.
- the diaphragm 14 that divides the electrolytic cell 11 into a cathode reaction zone 17 and an anode reaction zone 18 does not transmit (nitrite) nitrate ions, but contains hydrogen ions.
- a membrane permeable to (H + ) is used.
- the membrane that does not transmit ammonia and hypochlorous acid (ions) but transmit electrons include a cation exchange membrane and a membrane filter (for example, an ultrafiltration membrane).
- DC power supply 2 5 for supplying DC current to power source 15 and anode 16 Are connected, and a current sensor 26 is inserted on the wiring side of the force source 15. The current value of the DC current can be measured by the current sensor 26.
- the electrolytic cells 10 and 11 are provided with an inlet 20 for introducing the water to be treated.
- the water to be treated is introduced into the electrolytic cells 10 and 11 from the inlet 20 by opening the solenoid valve 21.
- the injection port 20 for the water to be treated is not limited to this, but is located near the cathode 15 in order to enhance the efficiency of (sub) nitrite ion reduction reaction and ammonia decomposition / removal reaction. More preferably, it is provided.
- a pipe 32 for introducing dilution water such as tap water into the electrolytic cells 10 and 11 is provided together with an inlet 20 for introducing the water to be treated.
- An electromagnetic valve 31 for controlling injection of dilution water is provided.
- the diluting water pipe 32 injection port
- the water level sensor 22 is preferably arranged near the force sword 15 in the case of the non-diaphragm type electrolytic cell 10, and in the case of the diaphragm-separated electrolytic cell 11, the force sword reaction zone 1 7 and an anode reaction zone 18 respectively.
- the water level sensor 22 may be a float level gauge, but is preferably a float level gauge as shown in FIGS.
- float level gauges especially electrode type float-less water level sensors, have the advantage of being less likely to adhere to dirt and being less liable to malfunction than float type, and have the advantage of being capable of multi-point control. There is also.
- electrical control of the liquid level gauge is facilitated.
- a hydrogen gas sensor 30 is installed in the electrolytic cells 10 and 11, and the concentration of hydrogen gas generated by the electrolytic treatment and the like is measured by the sensor 30.
- the hydrogen gas sensor 30 is installed in the cathode reaction zone 17 of the electrolytic cell 11.
- chloride ions and / or hypochlorous acid (ions) are supplied to the water to be treated in the electrolytic cell 10.
- the saline solution supplied from the saline solution tank 50 into the electrolytic cell 10 is a raw material of oxidizing free residual chlorine component (available chlorine) for advancing the denitrification reaction shown in the above reaction formula (4).
- the saline solution is injected from the saline solution tank 50 into the electrolytic cell 10 by driving the injection pump 52.
- Reference numeral 53 is a check valve for preventing backflow.
- a residual chlorine component such as hypochlorous acid (ion) is directly supplied to the electrolytic cell f 11.
- a hypochlorous acid (salt) tank 51 is used as the ion supply means.
- hypochlorous acid (ion) supplied from the hypochlorous acid (salt) tank 51 is supplied to the power sword reaction zone 17 by Acts directly as free residual chlorine component (available chlorine).
- Ion supply means such as a hypochlorous acid (salt) tank 51 is connected to the cathode reaction zone 17 of the electrolytic cell 11.
- Hypochlorous acid (ions) is injected from the tank 51 into the electrolytic cell 11 by driving an injection pump 52.
- Reference numeral 53 denotes a check valve for preventing backflow, as in FIGS.
- the water treatment apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 may be provided with an ozone generator together with or instead of the saline solution tank 50 or the hypochlorous acid (salt) tank 51.
- the ozone generated by the ozone generator is set so as to be directly introduced into the water to be treated in the electrolytic cell 10 or into the water to be treated in the force sword reaction zone 17 through a pipe.
- the electrolytic cell 10 of the water treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is provided with a pipe 36 for passing the water to be treated (or treated water) to the residual chlorine sensor 42 or discharging it from the drain port 56. Is placed.
- ice to be treated stored in both the reaction zones 17 and 18 1 is supplied from both the power reaction zone 17 and the anode reaction zone 18.
- Piping 36 a, 38 for passing (or treated water) through the residual chlorine sensor 42 or discharging it from the drain 56 is installed.
- the piping 38 has an anode reaction zone 18
- a solenoid valve 39 for controlling the drainage is installed.
- the water to be treated (or treated water) is supplied with a chloride ion meter 44, a nitrate ion meter 45, a nitrite ion meter 46, and an ammonium ion meter.
- a pipe 36 is installed to allow water to flow through the meter 47 or to be discharged from the drain 56.
- the treated water (or treated water) stored in both the reaction zones 17 and 18 from both the cathode reaction zone 17 and the anode reaction zone 18 is provided.
- the pipes 36 a and 38 are provided for passing water through the above-mentioned meters 44, 45, 46 and 47, or discharging the water from the drain 56.
- a solenoid valve 39 for controlling drainage from the anode reaction zone 18 is provided in the pipe 38.
- the senor is located on the pipes 36 and 36a.
- the water to be treated supplied to the residual chlorine sensor 42 through the pipes 36 and 36a is further circulated to the electrolytic cell 10 through the pipe 37.
- the supply path for the saline or hypochlorous acid (ion) extending from the saline solution tank 50 or the hypochlorous acid (salt) tank 51 is connected to the pipe 37.
- the connection from the tanks 50, 51 to the electrolytic cells 10, 11 is realized.
- each of the above meters 44, 45, 46, 47 or a drain port is provided on the pipes 36, 36a, each of the above meters 44, 45, 46, 47 or a drain port
- a solenoid valve 55 to control the water flow to 56 and 5 will be installed.
- reference numeral 57 denotes a check valve
- reference numeral 58 denotes a control valve.
- the treated water supplied to the meters 44, 45, 46, 47 via the pipes 36, 36 a is further circulated to the electrolytic cell 10 through the pipe 37.
- the supply path for saline or hypochlorous acid (ion) extending from the saline solution tank 50 or the hypochlorous acid (salt) tank 51 is connected to the pipe 37.
- the water level of the water to be treated in the electrolytic cell 10 is detected by the water level sensor 22 to determine whether or not the water level has reached the full water level (step S2). If the water to be treated has not reached the full position 23, the flow returns to step S1 to continue the injection of the water to be treated.
- the solenoid valve 21 of the inlet 20 is closed to stop the injection of the water to be treated (step S3), and the electrode pair of the electrolytic cell 10 (power source 15) And a variable current is passed through the anode 16). Thereby, the electrolysis of the water to be treated is started (step S4), and the operation shifts to the initial operation of electrolysis.
- step S5 the voltage of the DC power supply 25 is gradually increased to determine the control current value I flowing through the electrode pair during the subsequent steady electrolysis operation.
- step S 6 the measurement of the concentration C H of the hydrogen gas of the electrolytic cell 1 within 0 to open base with hydrogen gas sensor 3 0.
- step S7 a value obtained by multiplying the current value Io at the stop by 0.8 is determined as the control current value I (step S8). Thereafter, the value of the current flowing through the electrode pair is fixed at the control current value I, and the operation shifts to the steady operation of electrolysis.
- the (nitrite) nitrate ion concentration of the water to be treated is estimated by the nitrate ion concentration estimating means (step S9).
- Step SI 0 Estimate the required power-on time (required power-on time T s) by means of the required power-on time estimating means until the content falls below the allowable value. Further, the amount of saline required to decompose the ammonia generated by the reduction of nitrite ions to generate nitrogen gas (the required amount of saline Q s) is estimated (step S 11).
- step S9 may be estimated by the same method as described in the first water treatment apparatus and the first detection method of the present invention.
- the nitrate ion amount in the water to be treated may be determined by using an actual measurement value obtained by measuring with a nitrate ion meter / nitrite meter instead of the estimated value by the nitrate ion concentration estimating means shown in step S9. Good.
- step S11 the required saline solution amount Qs is estimated because chloride ions are supplied from the saline solution tank 50 to the electrolytic cell 10 shown in FIG. If a hypochlorous acid (salt) tank 51 as shown in Fig. 2 is installed instead of the saline solution tank 50, the required amount of saline solution Qs should be replaced with the required amount of hypochlorous acid. You should.
- the use of a hypochlorous acid (salt) tank 51 is more effective when using an anode that does not have the ability to produce chlorine.
- step S9 After obtaining the estimated amount of nitrate ions in step S9, it is determined whether the electrolysis should be continued or stopped based on the estimated amount of nitrate ions (step S12). If the estimated amount of nitrate ions is large and it is determined that reduction treatment and denitrification treatment are necessary, electrolysis is continued and (a) nitrate ion reduction reaction and ammonia decomposition / removal reaction are performed.
- a timer is operated at the same time to start measuring the energization time T required for (a) nitrate ion reduction (step S13).
- the solenoid valve 41 for passing water through the residual chlorine sensor 42 is opened, and the solenoid valve 55 connected to the drain port 56 is closed.
- the water to be treated is guided to the residual chlorine sensor 42, and the residual chlorine concentration of the water to be treated C C1 . Is measured (step S14).
- the ammonia produced by the reduction treatment is decomposed into nitrogen gas at the same time as the production, so that the denitrification is appropriately performed. I have to adjust. Therefore, based on the measurement result of the residual chlorine concentration by the residual chlorine sensor 42, the necessity of injection of the saline solution is judged by the reduction reaction completion detecting means (step S15). As a result, when it is necessary to maintain the free residual chlorine concentration of the water to be treated, the saline solution is injected from the saline solution tank 50 into the electrolytic cell 10 (step S16).
- the saline solution should be used to maintain the free residual chlorine concentration in the water to be treated. inject. Thereafter, the above control is continued.
- the output voltage of the DC power supply 25 is automatically adjusted according to the saline solution injection amount Q so that the control current value I does not change.
- the injection amount Q of the saline solution is integrated (step S17).
- the hydrogen gas concentration CH is measured (step S18). Specifically, when the residual chlorine concentration is 5 ppm or more, it can be determined that the ammonia has been sufficiently decomposed and removed, so the injection of the saline solution is stopped and the hydrogen gas concentration CH is measured. Perform
- the nitrate ion concentration and ammonia concentration of the water to be treated are reduced to values that do not require reduction and denitrification treatment by the reduction reaction completion detection means. Judging that it has decreased (to below the allowable value) (Step S 19), the electrolysis is stopped (Step S 20), and at the same time, the timer is stopped to determine the required energizing time T ( Step S2 1). On the other hand, when the hydrogen gas concentration C H force SO.
- Step S22 After the completion of the reduction reaction is detected by the reduction reaction completion detecting means shown in Steps S15 and S19, and after the electrolysis is stopped, the required energization time T actually required for the reduction treatment and the denitrification treatment, The estimated required energization time Ts estimated in S1 ⁇ is compared (step S22).
- T 2 T s the reduction reaction capability of the force sword is reduced by the reduction reaction capability detection means shown in step S 22. Judgment is made, and a force sword exchange display is performed (step S23). If T ⁇ 2Ts, the process skips step S22 and shifts to anode exchange display means to determine whether or not it is necessary to replace the anode.
- step S11 the integrated amount (actual injection amount) Q of the saline solution actually injected at the time of the reduction treatment and the denitrification treatment is compared with the estimated required saline solution amount Qs estimated in step S11 (step S11). 24), when Q2Qs is reached, it is determined that the ability of the anode to generate free residual chlorine components has decreased, and an anode exchange display is performed (step S25). If Q is less than 2 Qs, skip step 24 and proceed to wastewater treatment.
- step S27 The drainage of the water to be treated is performed by driving the circulation pump 40.
- step S9 the estimated nitrate ion concentration of the water to be treated obtained in step S9 is low (below the allowable value) so as not to require the above-described reduction treatment and denitrification treatment (step S9).
- step S 12 the electrolytic treatment is stopped (step S 26), and the process proceeds to the above-mentioned drainage treatment (step S 27).
- step S27 After performing the wastewater treatment in step S27, if further denitrification treatment is required for the fresh water to be treated, the process returns to step S1 and repeats a series of treatments. On the other hand, when the denitrification treatment is not required for the new water to be treated, the treatment is terminated (step S28).
- the required time T s is estimated (step S 10), the required saline solution amount Q s is estimated (step S 11), and the timing of the required energizing time T is started. And its stop (steps S 13 and S 21) means that the determination of the exchange of the power source and the replacement of the anode (steps S 22 and S 24) are not performed after the electrolysis is stopped (step S 20). Can be omitted.
- an ozone generator is installed in conjunction with or instead of the saline solution tank 50 or the hypochlorous acid (salt) tank, inject the saline solution in step S 16 (or Injection of ozone into the water to be treated may be performed together with or instead of (injection of (salt)).
- inject the saline solution in step S 16 or Injection of ozone into the water to be treated may be performed together with or instead of (injection of (salt)).
- the water to be treated shifts too much Electrochemical reactions can be extremely slow or stop. Therefore, it is preferable to inject acidic water such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid into the water to be treated.
- a diaphragm-separated electrolytic cell 11 as shown in Fig. 2 is used, and the water flow when the current flowing through the electrolytic cell 11 (limited current value) is variable.
- the processing steps are performed according to almost the same flow as the flowcharts shown in FIGS.
- step S 24 determination of the anode replacement (step S 24) after the electrolysis is stopped (step S 21) is omitted. Accordingly, the estimation of the required saline solution amount Qs (step S11) is also omitted.
- the solenoid valve 21 of the inlet 20 is opened, and the solenoid valve of another flow path leading to the electrolytic cell 11 (the solenoid valve 41 connected to the residual chlorine sensor 42) is opened. Then, the injection of the water to be treated is started with the solenoid valves 55 and the like that extend to the drain port 56 closed (step T 1).
- the level of the water to be treated in the electrolytic cell 10 is detected by the water level sensor 22 to determine whether or not the water level has reached the full position 23 (step T 2). When the water to be treated has not reached the full position 23, the flow returns to step T1 to continue the injection of the water to be treated.
- the solenoid valve 21 of the inlet 20 is closed to stop the injection of the water to be treated (step T 3), and the electrode pair of the electrolytic cell 11 (power source 15 And a current is passed through the anode 16).
- the current value during energization is fixed, and the process proceeds to electrolysis when the energization starts (step T 4).
- the timer is operated to start measuring the time for energizing the electrolytic cell (step T5).
- the hypochlorous acid (salt) tank 51 is used as necessary to maintain the free residual chlorine concentration of the water to be treated. Then, hypochlorous acid (ions) is injected into the cathode reaction zone 17 of the electrolytic cell 11 (step T8).
- the residual chlorine concentration is less than 5 ppm, it can be determined that there is still ammonia to be subjected to the denitrification treatment, so that hypochlorite is maintained in order to maintain the free residual chlorine concentration of the water to be treated.
- inject acid (ions) ions
- the output voltage of the DC power supply 25 is automatically adjusted according to the injection amount W of hypochlorous acid (ion) so that the control current value does not change. Also, the injection amount W of hypochlorous acid (ion) is integrated (step T9).
- Step T 1 1 if the hydrogen gas concentration C H is less than 0.04%, it is judged that the nitrate ion and ammonia to be removed in the water to be treated is left (Step T 1 1), the step T 7 Return and perform the subsequent processing again.
- the amount of reduced nitrate ions (reduction) is determined based on the required energization time T actually required for the reduction treatment and the denitrification treatment and the control current value I during the electrolysis treatment. (Step T14), and from the estimated amount of the reduced nitrate ion, the amount of hypochlorous acid (ion) required to oxidize and denitrify the ammonia generated by this reduction reaction. (Required amount of hypochlorous acid) Estimate Ws (Step T15).
- the amount of hypochlorous acid required is compared with Ws (step T16), and when it reaches W2Ws, it is determined that the reduction reaction capability of the power source is reduced, and the cathode electrode exchange display is displayed. (Step T17). If W ⁇ 2Ws, skip step T17 and proceed to wastewater treatment.
- Drainage of the water to be treated is performed by driving the circulation pump 40.
- step No. 19 After performing the wastewater treatment in ' ⁇ 18, if further denitrification treatment is required for the new water to be treated, return to step ⁇ 1 and repeat a series of treatments. On the other hand, when the denitrification treatment is not required for the new water to be treated, the treatment is terminated (step No. 19).
- Step T15 the estimation of the amount of hypochlorous acid W s (Step T15) can be omitted when the determination of power sword replacement (Step # 16) is not performed after the electrolysis is stopped in Step # 12.
- an ozone generator is installed in conjunction with or instead of the hypochlorous acid (salt) tank, the ozone generator is installed together with or instead of the injection of hypochlorous acid (salt) in step ⁇ 8.
- Ozone may be injected into the water to be treated.
- the water to be treated may be shifted too alkaline to cause the electrochemical reaction to become extremely slow or stop. Therefore, it is preferable to inject acidic water such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid into the water to be treated.
- the water level of the water to be treated in the electrolytic cell 10 is detected by a water level sensor 22.
- a constant voltage DC power supply 25a Then, energization of the electrolytic cells 12 is started, and the electrolytic treatment is started (step U 2).
- the current value I o flowing in the electrolytic cell is measured by the current sensor 26 (step U 3), and the current value I o is the maximum current value I max It is determined whether it is less than (Step U4).
- the injection of the water to be treated is continued until the current position reaches the full position.
- the solenoid valve 31 is opened, and the dilution water is injected into the electrolytic cell 12 (step U5). ). Thereafter, the flow returns to step U4 repeatedly until the full position is reached, and the subsequent processing is performed.
- step U6 When it is determined by the water level sensor 22 that the water level in the electrolytic cell 12 has reached the full level (step U6), the injection of the water to be treated or the dilution water is stopped (step U7), The current value at that time is determined as the control current value I (step U8). Thereafter, the current value during the electrolysis treatment is fixed at the control current value I, and the process proceeds to the electrolysis initial operation.
- the solenoid valve 55 that descends to the drain port 56 is closed, and then passed through the chloride ion meter 44, nitrate ion meter 4, nitrite ion meter 46, and ammonia meter 47. Open the solenoid valve 4 1 for water.
- the water to be treated in the electrolytic cell 11 is introduced into the four meters 44 to 47 by a circulation pump 40.
- the nitrate ion concentration C N of the water to be treated was measured using a nitrate ion meter 45, a chloride ion meter 44, or the like.
- the chloride ion concentration C cl and the like are measured (steps U 9 and U 11), and the reduction treatment and the denitrification treatment become unnecessary.
- ((Nitrite) nitrate ion concentration and ammonia concentration fall below the allowable values.)
- the required energization time T s required for (1) is estimated (step U 10).
- the required salt guess Qs required for denitrifying the ammonia generated by the reduction reaction is estimated (step U12).
- hypochlorous acid (salt) tank When a hypochlorous acid (salt) tank is installed in place of the saline solution tank 50, the required amount of saline solution is replaced with the required amount of hypochlorous acid for estimation.
- step U9 After measuring (sub) nitrate ion concentration in step U9, it is determined whether electrolysis should be continued or stopped based on the nitrate ion concentration (step U13). If the nitrate ion concentration is high and it is determined that reduction treatment and denitrification treatment are necessary, the electrolysis is continued and (a) nitrate ion reduction reaction and ammonia decomposition / removal reaction are performed.
- a timer is operated at the same time to start measuring the energization time T required for the reduction treatment and the denitrification treatment (step U14). As a result, the operation shifts to the steady operation of electrolysis.
- step U16 the electrolytic treatment is stopped (step U19), and at the same time, the timer is stopped.
- T the required energization time
- step U 19 After stopping the electrolysis in step U 19, the required energization time actually required for the reduction treatment and the denitrification treatment is compared with the estimated required energization time T s estimated in step U 10 (step U 19). 2 1) If T ⁇ 2 T s, it is determined that the reduction reaction ability of the power sword has decreased, and a power sword exchange display is performed (step U 22). If it is 2 Ts, step U22 is skipped and the process shifts to the necessity determination of node replacement by the anode replacement display means.
- step U 19 After stopping the electrolysis in step U 19, the reduction treatment and the denitrification treatment are performed.
- the accumulated amount of saline solution actually injected at the time (actual injection amount) Q is compared with the estimated required saline solution amount Qs estimated in step U12 (step U23), and Q ⁇ 2Qs In this case, it is determined that the ability of the anode to generate free residual chlorine components has decreased, and an anode replacement display is performed (step U24). If it is Q ⁇ 2Qs, skip step U24 and proceed to wastewater treatment.
- step U9 determines whether the concentration of nitrate ion in the water to be treated determined in step U9 is low enough not to require the reduction treatment and the denitrification treatment.
- the electrolysis treatment is stopped (steps U13, U25). Then, proceed to the wastewater treatment (Step U26). After performing wastewater treatment in step U26, if further reduction and denitrification treatment is required for new water to be treated, the process returns to step U1 and a series of treatments is repeated. . On the other hand, if the new treated water does not require reduction and denitrification, the treatment is terminated (step U27).
- the required energizing time T s is estimated (Step U 10), the required saline solution amount Q s is estimated (Step U 12), and the timing of the required energizing time T is started. And the stop thereof (Steps U14 and U20) can be omitted if the determination of power source replacement (Step U22) and the determination of anode replacement (Step U24) are not performed after the electrolysis is stopped in Step U19. .
- the saline solution injection or hypochlorous acid (salt) tank
- the saline solution injection or hypochlorous acid (Injection of ozone into the water to be treated may be performed together with or instead of injection of salt).
- the water to be treated shifts too alkaline, and the electrochemical reaction may be extremely slow or stopped. Therefore, it is preferable to inject acidic water such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid into the water to be treated.
- a battery 13 having a cation exchange membrane or membrane finoletor 14 as shown in Fig. 4 is used, and the current value (limit current value) to be applied to the electrolytic bath 13 is fixed.
- Figure 9 and Figure 10 show the water treatment process The operation is performed according to almost the same flow as the flow chart.
- step U19 If an electrode that does not generate free residual chlorine (available chlorine) is used as the anode 16, the determination of the anode replacement (steps U23 and U24) after the electrolysis treatment is stopped (step U19) is omitted. You. Accordingly, the estimation of the required saline solution amount Qs (step U12) is also omitted.
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AU2003208100A AU2003208100A1 (en) | 2002-02-04 | 2003-02-03 | Water treatment device |
US10/503,330 US20050173262A1 (en) | 2002-02-04 | 2003-02-03 | Water treatment device |
KR1020047011885A KR100909209B1 (ko) | 2002-02-04 | 2003-02-03 | 물 처리장치 |
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JP2002027070A JP3906088B2 (ja) | 2002-02-04 | 2002-02-04 | 水処理装置 |
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JP4518826B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-31 | 2010-08-04 | 中国電力株式会社 | 電解排水処理システム、電解制御装置、電解排水処理方法、プログラム、及び記憶媒体 |
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- 2003-02-03 CN CNB038032104A patent/CN1303005C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-02-03 WO PCT/JP2003/001045 patent/WO2003066529A1/ja active Application Filing
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20050173262A1 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
KR100909209B1 (ko) | 2009-07-23 |
AU2003208100A1 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
KR20040086326A (ko) | 2004-10-08 |
JP2003225672A (ja) | 2003-08-12 |
CN1628079A (zh) | 2005-06-15 |
CN1303005C (zh) | 2007-03-07 |
JP3906088B2 (ja) | 2007-04-18 |
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