CN103938219B - 超量微气泡氢气制取装置 - Google Patents

超量微气泡氢气制取装置 Download PDF

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CN103938219B
CN103938219B CN201410150468.9A CN201410150468A CN103938219B CN 103938219 B CN103938219 B CN 103938219B CN 201410150468 A CN201410150468 A CN 201410150468A CN 103938219 B CN103938219 B CN 103938219B
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CN103938219A (zh
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肖志邦
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SHUANGDI, INC.
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Dalian Shuangdi New Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种超量微气泡氢气制取装置，属于电解设备技术领域。该装置包括分别设有进水口和出水口的盛水容器，所述盛水容器内设有至少一对阴电极和阳电极，成对阴电极和阳电极之间无间隙地夹持有透水性多孔膜，所述透水性多孔膜与所述阴电极或阳电极相对侧面的面积小于所述阴电极或阳电极与透水性多孔膜相对侧面的面积，所述透水性多孔膜的厚度小于5mm。该装置可生成大量超微气泡的氢气同时氧气产生量很少。

Description

超量微气泡氢气制取装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种氢气制取装置，属于电解设备技术领域。
背景技术
通过电解水制取氢气（和氧气）有着广泛的应用。当两电极间施加直流电解电压对水电解时，发生阴极析氢气、阳极析氧气的过程。电解水来制取氢气的方法，通常有无隔离膜电解、有隔离膜电解、零间距电解、固体聚合物电解质电解水制氢(氧)技术等多种方式。目前通过电解水装置制得1m3氢气的实际电能消耗约为4.5～5.5kW·h。理论上，电解水制氢的效率在50%左右，实际效率远低于此理论值（约20～30%），故主要用于制取高纯度氢气的场合。
另一方面，富含氢气的水又是一种还原水，其氧化还原电位很低乃至负值，国内外大量科研成果证明，饮用富氢还原水，能够有效清除人体内产生的有害活性氧，有益健康。
目前制取富氢还原水的方法有很多，例如通过高压将氢气压注入铝箔类储存容器中的富氢（气）还原水；采用有隔膜或无隔膜、两电极法或三电极法制取富氢水；以多孔极性物质（例如活性碳）为载体，将氢气储存然后在水中缓慢释放的特殊吸藏法制取的富氢水；还有作为特殊用途的浓富氢水（氧化还原电位低至-500mv以下，溶解氢浓度大于1000PPB），等等。
但是，上述现有电解水制取氢气一是同时产生大量氧气；二是氢气产生量还是不够且气泡较大。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是：提出一种可生成大量超微气泡氢气且氧气生成较少的装置。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提出的技术方案是：一种超量微气泡氢气制取装置，包括分别设有进水口和出水口的盛水容器，所述盛水容器内设有至少一对阴电极和阳电极，成对阴电极和阳电极之间无间隙地夹持有透水性多孔膜，所述透水性多孔膜与所述阴电极或阳电极相对侧面的面积小于所述阴电极或阳电极与透水性多孔膜相对侧面的面积，所述透水性多孔膜的厚度小于5mm。
上述技术方案中所述透水性多孔膜也叫透水膜或透水性隔离膜，是指可以穿透水分子的隔膜，其透水孔径从毫米级到纳米级，包括日常水处理使用的各种过滤膜，如：超滤膜（UF）、纳滤膜（NF）和微滤膜（MF），等。
上述本发明技术方案的改进是：所述透水性多孔膜的透水孔径小于等于2毫米且大于等于1纳米。
上述本发明技术方案进一步的改进是：所述阴电极和阳电极之一的表面开孔。
上述本发明技术方案再进一步的改进是：所述透水性多孔膜与所述阴电极和阳电极中的最小面积之比是4：5～3：5。
上述本发明技术方案进一步的完善是：所述阴、阳电极采用直流电源进行供电。
上述本发明技术方案再进一步的完善是：所述阴电极是采用圆形钛基覆涂铂族氧化物制成的惰性电极，所述阳电极是采用石墨、活性碳等碳质材料制成的惰性电极，所述透水性多孔膜采用的是平均疏水孔径为0.01～0.05微米的圆形平面超滤膜片。
上述本发明技术方案更进一步的完善是：所述透水性多孔膜是单层或多层。
本发明的超量微气泡氢气制取装置的有益效果是：在电解水时可形成有大量以氢气为主的超微气泡。该有益效果的机理说明参见后面具体实施方式中的有关制取机理分析。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的超量微气泡氢气制取装置作进一步说明。
图1是本发明实施例超量微气泡氢气制取装置的结构示意图。
图2是本发明实施例超量微气泡氢气制取装置的一种变化结构示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例一
本实施例的超量微气泡氢气制取装置参见图1，包括分别设有进水口5和出水口6的盛水容器1，盛水容器1为敞开式容器。在盛水容器1内设有一对阴电极2、阳电极3，在这一对阴电极2和阳电极3之间无间隙地夹持有透水性多孔膜4，透水性多孔膜4与阴电极2或阳电极3相对侧面的面积小于阴电极2或阳电极3与透水性多孔膜4相对侧面的面积，本实施例的透水性多孔膜与阴电极和阳电极中的最小面积之比是4：5（也可以是3：5）。透水性多孔膜4的厚度为4mm（一般要小于5mm）。透水性多孔膜4的透水孔径小于等于2毫米且大于等于1纳米。
本实施例的阴电极2采用的是圆形钛基覆涂铂族氧化物制成的惰性电极，阳电极3是采用石墨、活性碳等碳质材料制成的惰性电极，透水性多孔膜4采用的是平均疏水孔径为0.01～0.05微米的单层圆形平面超滤膜片。
本实施例的阴电极2、阳电极3采用直流电源进行供电。
本实施例的超量微气泡氢气制取装置的制取原理分析如下：
1、在透水性多孔膜4的外缘侧，阴电极2、阳电极3两电极之间表现为无膜电解方式，阴极析氢，阳极析氧。但是由于电极间间隙很小，电解反应较一般情况激烈，很小的电解电压就能产生很大的电解电流。
2、无间隙（零间距）夹持在不开孔阴、阳两电极内的透水性多孔膜4，形成由无数微小空隙构成的薄型储水立体空间。水分子被限定在各个微孔空间内电解。由于是零间距电解，阴电极2析氢气和阳电极3析氧气过程难以进行，只能以离子态动态存储在微孔空间，或者又结合还原为水，然后再次电解为氢离子和氢氧根离子。这样反复的结果，在透水性多孔膜内部形成了剧烈反应的类似于等离子态（气态、原子态、离子态共存）的环境，导致局部压力和温度升高，与在透水性多孔膜4的外缘侧与阴、阳两电极之间的空间相比，存在一定的压力差、温度差。于是，限制在微孔空间内多态共存的氢氧离子等将沿透水性多孔膜4的径向外侧进行扩散，加入到透水性多孔膜4外缘与两电极之间空间的无膜电解反应中。
3、由于透水性多孔膜4中扩散离子的加入，透水性多孔膜4外缘与阴、阳两电极之间空间的无膜电解反应更加剧烈。由于氢的分子量小，在此剧烈反应中更容易获得阴极电子而相变成氢气溢出，在水中生成远较常规电解方法为多的氢气（泡）。
4、由于阳电极3碳材料本身的强烈吸附作用，水中产生的氧化因子将大大减少，从而大大减少氧气生成。
由以上分析可知，本实施例的超量微气泡氢气制取装置可以在水中形成有大量以氢气为主的超微气泡。
实施例二
如图2所示，本实施例的超量微气泡氢气制取装置与实施例一的变化是：1）在阴电极2和阳电极3之一的表面开孔；2）盛水容器1为封闭式容器。。
本发明的超量微气泡氢气制取装置不局限于上述实施例所述的具体技术方案，比如：1）阴电极2、阳电极3也可以是二对或更多对；2）透水性多孔膜4也可以是双层或多层超滤膜片叠加而成；3）超滤膜片的形状也可以是方形，等等。凡采用等同替换形成的技术方案均为本发明要求的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种超量微气泡氢气制取装置，包括分别设有进水口和出水口的盛水容器，所述盛水容器内设有至少一对阴电极和阳电极，其特征在于：成对的阴电极和阳电极之间无间隙地夹持有透水性多孔膜，所述透水性多孔膜与所述阴电极或阳电极相对侧面的面积小于所述阴电极或阳电极与透水性多孔膜相对侧面的面积，所述透水性多孔膜的厚度小于5mm。
2.根据权利要求1 所述超量微气泡氢气制取装置，其特征在于：所述透水性多孔膜的透水孔径小于等于2 毫米且大于等于1 纳米。
3.根据权利要求1 所述超量微气泡氢气制取装置，其特征在于：所述阴电极和阳电极之一的表面开孔。
4.根据权利要求1-3之任一所述超量微气泡氢气制取装置，其特征在于：所述阴、阳电极采用直流电源进行供电。
5.根据权利要求1-3之任一所述超量微气泡氢气制取装置，其特征在于：所述阴电极是采用圆形钛基覆涂铂族氧化物制成的惰性电极，所述阳电极是采用石墨或活性碳制成的惰性电极，所述透水性多孔膜采用的是平均疏水孔径为0.01～0.05 微米的圆形平面超滤膜片。
6.根据权利要求1 所述超量微气泡氢气制取装置，其特征在于：所述透水性多孔膜是单层或多层。
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