US20090208576A1 - Orally Disintegrating Tablets - Google Patents

Orally Disintegrating Tablets Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090208576A1
US20090208576A1 US12/293,857 US29385707A US2009208576A1 US 20090208576 A1 US20090208576 A1 US 20090208576A1 US 29385707 A US29385707 A US 29385707A US 2009208576 A1 US2009208576 A1 US 2009208576A1
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Prior art keywords
agents
orally disintegrating
directly compressible
hydrochloride
composite
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US12/293,857
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Inventor
Anilkumar S. Gandhi
Pradnya Bagde
Hetal N. Morvekar
Pratibha S. Pilgaonkar
Maharukh T. Rustomjee
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Rubicon Research Pvt Ltd
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Rubicon Research Pvt Ltd
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Assigned to RUBICON RESEARCH PRIVATE LIMITED reassignment RUBICON RESEARCH PRIVATE LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BAGDE, PRADNYA M., MRS., GANDHI, ANILKUMAR, DR., MORVEKAR, HETAL N., DR., PILGAONKAR, PRATIBHA, MRS., RUSTOMJEE, MAHARUKH, MRS.
Publication of US20090208576A1 publication Critical patent/US20090208576A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
    • A61K9/0056—Mouth soluble or dispersible forms; Suckable, eatable, chewable coherent forms; Forms rapidly disintegrating in the mouth; Lozenges; Lollipops; Bite capsules; Baked products; Baits or other oral forms for animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1611—Inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1617—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
    • A61K9/1623—Sugars or sugar alcohols, e.g. lactose; Derivatives thereof; Homeopathic globules
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/1635—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/1652—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, cellulose derivatives; Cyclodextrin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2009—Inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2013—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
    • A61K9/2018—Sugars, or sugar alcohols, e.g. lactose, mannitol; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2072—Pills, tablets, discs, rods characterised by shape, structure or size; Tablets with holes, special break lines or identification marks; Partially coated tablets; Disintegrating flat shaped forms
    • A61K9/2077—Tablets comprising drug-containing microparticles in a substantial amount of supporting matrix; Multiparticulate tablets
    • A61K9/2081—Tablets comprising drug-containing microparticles in a substantial amount of supporting matrix; Multiparticulate tablets with microcapsules or coated microparticles according to A61K9/50
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/24—Antidepressants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]

Definitions

  • the present invention provides a tablet with optimal mechanical strength, which when placed in the oral cavity rapidly dissolves or disintegrates without water preferably within about 60 seconds.
  • the present invention relates to composites produced by co-processing of at least one water-soluble excipient and at least one water insoluble excipient such as calcium silicate and their use in orally disintegrating tablets.
  • Freeze drying is one common process for producing many commercial fast dissolving tablets wherein a cake or wafer is prepared by freeze drying a solution or suspension of the medicament and suitable excipients in water or other solvents. Such systems dissolve very rapidly on the tongue, due to their high affinity for moisture and a very high porosity.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,298,261 discloses freeze-drying a slurry or paste comprising an active ingredient and excipients placed in blister packets.
  • PCT application WO 97/36879 discloses vacuum drying, at room temperature or a slightly elevated temperature, a suspension including the active drug, a sugar alcohol, PEG 6000, talc, sweeteners and flavors in preformed blisters.
  • freeze-drying process suffers from several disadvantages, primary among these is that solutions employed for freeze-drying are aqueous and, therefore, not suited for water sensitive medicaments. It is also limited to low dose actives. The process itself is typically laborious, costly and time-consuming. Finally, the resultant dosage forms, in addition to being hygroscopic, tend to be very soft and, therefore, require special moisture- and impact-resistant packaging and require careful handling.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,464,632 claims use of high levels of disintegrants such as 16% starch 1500 and 13.3% crospovidone for disintegration time of 35 seconds to 45 seconds. However, such tablets have a chalky or dry feel when placed in the mouth.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,178,878 discloses a rapidly dissolving oral formulation that requires an extragranular microparticulate active in conjunction with an effervescent agent incorporated into a tableted matrix in order to achieve rapid oral disintegration. Many fast-dissolving tablets are also formulated by the inclusion of effervescent compounds.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,178,878 and WO 91/04757 disclose the addition of an effervescent couple (such as sodium bicarbonate and citric acid) to a tablet. Exposure of such tablet to moisture results in contact and chemical reaction between the effervescent couple which leads to gas production and tablet disintegration.
  • tablets which include effervescent pairs are highly sensitive to moisture and require a specific, very costly plant including special handling equipment, controlled-humidity environments and special moisture resistant packaging and also such preparations have an unpleasant mouth feel.
  • Another orally disintegrating technique is spray drying technology as explained in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,958,471 and 6,165,511, which includes preparing an aqueous solution of more than 80% of one or more non-hygroscopic polyols and spraying the resulting mixture into an air stream.
  • the resulting composition of the spray-drying process contains a filamentous structure.
  • PCT application WO03051338A1 relates to a method for producing a directly compressible and highly compactible composition by co-spray drying of mannitol and sorbitol solution resulting in nonfilamentous microstructure. Both these patents describe use of highly concentrated aqueous solutions, which are to be maintained and sprayed at high temperature thus demanding special equipment.
  • EP 1145711 describes the preparation of flash-melt dosage forms that disintegrated in the mouth in less than 25 second. They consist of granules composed of a superdisintegrant (4-8%), a dispersing agent such as calcium silicate (20-70%), a distributing agent selected from amorphous silica, fumed silica, diatomaceous earth, talc, kaolin, magnesium aluminum trisilicate, and a binder (10 to 50% by weight). A larger amount of binder although may produce stronger tablets, the disintegration time tend to increase. To counter this, a large amount of dispersing and distributing agent is included in the formulation which increases the weight of the tablet and also the cost of the formulation may increase.
  • a superdisintegrant 4-8%
  • a dispersing agent such as calcium silicate (20-70%)
  • a distributing agent selected from amorphous silica, fumed silica, diatomaceous earth, talc, kaolin, magnesium aluminum trisilicate
  • PCT application WO03045844A1 relates to synthetic calcium metasilicate which when incorporated in a solid product significantly increases the disintegration rate of the formed product, when contacted by a substantially aqueous environment.
  • the reduction in disintegration time with calcium silicate is more pronounced with immediate release tablets as tablets prepared with calcium silicate has low porosity leading to increased disintegration time in oral cavity.
  • use of calcium silicate with conventional equipments leads to discoloration of the final dosage form due to interaction of calcium silicate with some metals.
  • Calcium silicate due to its hydrophobic and static nature results in blends with very poor flow properties causing weight and content variation during compression into tablets. Further, it also imparts a chalky taste to the dosage form.
  • composites made by co-processing of at least one water soluble excipient and at least one water insoluble excipient such as calcium silicate leads to a formulation that rapidly disintegrates or dissolves on in the mouth.
  • Tablets made with these excipients are robust (e.g., low friability, low ejection forces, hardness) enough to be processed in high speed tableting machines and shipped in low cost packages, and at the same time retain rapid disintegration or dissolution properties.
  • the tablets have a pleasant mouth feel and good mechanical strength and such tablets also do not require special handling or packaging conditions.
  • It is another object of the present invention is to prepare composites by spray drying having porosity of greater than 50%
  • a directly compressible composite for orally disintegrating tablets comprising at least one water-soluble excipient and calcium silicate prepared by co-processing.
  • an orally disintegrating tablet formulation having optimal mechanical strength comprising
  • Solid pharmaceutical dosage forms that rapidly dissolve or disintegrate in a glass of water or in the gastrointestinal tract have been known in the art for many years.
  • the obvious advantages of the convenience of carrying dosage forms that will dissolve or effervesce in water to release medicaments are well known. Rapid disintegration technology is among the most exciting recent developments in the pharmaceutical industry.
  • Orally Disintegrating Tablets are tablets that disintegrate/dissolve in the mouth rapidly without administering extra water. These dosage forms provide the convenience of a tablet formulation while allowing the ease of swallowing provided by a liquid formulation.
  • Such dosage forms due to their ease of administration and pleasant mouth feel, may encourage patients especially children, the elderly and schizophrenic patients who have difficulty in swallowing conventional tablets to adhere to daily medication regimens and also allow the luxury of much more accurate dosing than oral liquids. Yet another situation where such tablets would be useful is where water may not be readily available to assist in swallowing the tablet in specific conditions.
  • Co-processed excipient refers to an excipient composite in which at least two excipients are present in close proximity to each other. In one of the embodiments such excipient composite may have one excipient incorporated in the particle structure of the other.
  • Porosity is a measure of void spaces within the material and is measured as a fraction (between 0 to 1) or as a percentage value (between 0 to 100%). Porosity is the ratio of void space to bulk volume. It can be determined using the following formula
  • wicking time as used here provides time (seconds) taken for water to wick into the tablet and completely wet the tablet core.
  • the wicking time test is used to evaluate the performance of orally disintegrating tablets.
  • the wicking time determination is carried out in a petri plate ( ⁇ 10 cm in diameter).
  • the plate is layered with tissue papers of 0.25 mm thick.
  • the tissue paper is wetted with 10 ml water (preferably colored using a water soluble dye) and allowed to soak for 30 sec.
  • a tablet is then placed on the wetted tissue paper and the time taken by water to reach the surface of tablet and completely wet it is recorded as the ‘wicking time’.
  • the test may be appropriately modified for tablets having weight of more than 200 mg.
  • mouth dissolution time provides time (seconds) taken for tablet to completely dissolve in the mouth determined in and by human volunteers.
  • lag time provides time (seconds) taken for tablet to soften and start disintegrating after being placed on the tongue determined in and by human volunteers.
  • in vitro disintegration time refers to the time taken for complete disintegration of the tablet as determined using the USP disintegration apparatus.
  • Composites are blend of excipients obtained by co-processing of at least one water soluble excipient and at least one water insoluble excipient.
  • the water soluble excipients according to the embodiments of the invention are excipients that are soluble in water.
  • the preferred examples include water soluble carbohydrates, salt or a polyhydric alcohol or its derivative.
  • the water soluble carbohydrates can be a monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide or polysaccharide.
  • Examples include but not limited to monosaccharides such as glyceraldehyde, erythrose, threose, ribose, arabinose, xylose, allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, fructose, gulose, idose, galactose, talose and sorbitol; disaccharides such as maltose, lactose, cellobiose, sucrose, mannitol and trehalose; oligosaccharides such as raffinose, stachyose, and dextrates; or polysaccharides such as maltodextrins, starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin, callose, galactomannan, xylan and laminarin
  • the saccharide is preferably at least one selected from mannitol, lactose, saccharose, trehalose, xylitol and erythritol.
  • the saccharide is mannitol.
  • water soluble excipients can be employed alone or in combination.
  • the water soluble excipients also include but are not limited to polyhydric alcohols like propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerin or their derivatives, salts such as sodium chloride or water soluble cellulose derivatives.
  • the water insoluble excipients according to the embodiments of the invention are excipients that are not soluble in water.
  • excipients include but are not limited to inorganic salts such as calcium silicate-ortho, meta and alpha triclinic forms thereof, magnesium trisilicate-ortho and meta forms thereof or light anhydrous silicic acid, mica, synthetic aluminum silicate, silicon dioxide, magnesium aluminum silicate, magnesium metasilicate aluminate, celluloses such as microcrystalline cellulose, crystalline cellulose, cellulose derivatives, vinylpyrolidone derivatives, colloidal silicon dioxide etc.
  • the preferred water insoluble agent is calcium metasilicate.
  • the most preferred water insoluble agent is calcium silicate marketed by Huber as Rxcipient FM1000 having an aspect ratio of about 1:1 to about 2.5:1 and an oil absorption of from about 20 ml/100 gm to 220 ml/100 gm. It is a unique physical form of Calcium Silicate, which reduces the disintegration time of a dosage form.
  • water soluble and insoluble excipients may be present in the composites in the ratio of 1:50 to 50:1.
  • the ratio can be 1:30 to 30:1 and more preferably 1:20 to 20:1.
  • any process that ensures close proximity of water insoluble excipient and water soluble excipient can be employed. Such process would ensure intimate contact of water insoluble excipients and water soluble excipients.
  • Some of the preferred processes ensure complete or partial covering of the water insoluble excipient by water soluble excipient can be employed for the preparation of the composites.
  • the non-limiting processes may include physical mixing, wet mixing, complexation, precipitation, spray drying, lyophilization, microencapsulation, spray congealing, hot melt, gas antisolvent or rapid evaporation of supercritical solvent methods employed with supercritical fluid processing.
  • the preferred method for preparing composites is spray drying.
  • Spray drying is an industrial process involving particle formation and drying. It is highly suited for the continuous production of dry solids in either powder, granulate or agglomerate form from liquid feedstocks as solutions, emulsions and pumpable suspensions. Therefore, spray drying is an ideal process where the end-product must comply with precise quality standards regarding particle size distribution, residual moisture content, bulk density, and particle shape.
  • Spray drying involves the atomization of a liquid feedstock into a spray of droplets and contacting the droplets with hot air in a drying chamber. The sprays are produces by either rotary (wheel) or nozzle atomizers. Evaporation of moisture from the droplets and formation of dry particles proceed under controlled temperature and airflow conditions. Powder is discharged continuously from the drying chamber. Operating conditions and dryer design are selected according to the drying characteristics of the product and powder specification.
  • feed composition feed viscosity, density, feed spray rate, inlet temperature, outlet temperature, temperature difference, atomization pressure, vacuum, residence time. All these parameters can be varied in order to achieve the desired product.
  • the process employed comprise of preparation of the slurry of water-soluble and water insoluble excipient which was homogenized using overhead stirrer, homogenizer etc.
  • the feed can be preheated during stirring before being fed to the spray drying chamber.
  • a single fluid nozzle or a two-fluid nozzle can be employed.
  • the feed may also be sprayed using a rotating disk.
  • the drying of the particles could be achieved using any of the methods such as co-current flow, counter current flow or mixed flow.
  • the total solid content of the feed could vary from about 2-75%, preferably from 5-60% and more preferably from 10-50%.
  • the composites of at least one water soluble excipient and at least one water insoluble excipient such as calcium silicate may have certain desirable properties.
  • the moisture content of the composite as determined using loss on drying is preferably less than 2%.
  • the porosity of the composite plays a crucial role in the performance of the orally disintegrating tablet. In order to have disintegration time of less than 60 seconds, the porosity of the composite should be at least about 50%.
  • Another parameter which determines the wicking time, disintegration time in oral cavity and lag time is the particle size distribution of the composite. This parameter also determines the flow of the blend ready for compression into tablets. It is desirable that not less than 40% of particles are less than 150 microns.
  • active ingredient refers to one or more compounds that have some pharmacological property.
  • active ingredient AI
  • Active ingredients can be included in the said compositions as such or coated with suitable taste masking agent.
  • the compositions of the invention contain at least one suitable pharmaceutical active ingredient or nutraceutical active ingredients.
  • Examples of pharmaceutical ingredients that can be used include, but are not limited to gastrointestinal function conditioning agents anti-inflammatory agents, including, but not limited to aceclofenac, diclofenac, ibuprofen flubiprofen, piroxicam, sulindac, and celecoxib; analgesics, including, but not limited to acetaminophen, fentanyl, tramadol and aspirin; agents for erectile dysfunction therapy, including, but not limited to sildenafil and apomorphine; anti-migraines, including, but not limited to sumatriptan, rizatriptan, zolmitriptan, naratriptan and ergotamin; antihistaminic agents, including, but not limited to loratadine, fexofenadine, pseudoephedrine and cetirizine; cardiovascular agents, including, but not limited to nitroglycerine and isosorbide dinitrate; diuretics, including, but not
  • nutraceutical ingredients include, but are not limited to any ingredient that is thought to have a beneficial effect on human health.
  • Such ingredients include coenzyme Q-10, chondroitoin, echinacea, ephedra, glucosamine, garlic, ginkgo biloba, ginseng, grape seed extract, guarana, hawthorn, herbs, kava, kola nut, lutein, St. John's wort, vinpocetine, and yohimbe.
  • the active ingredient may be present in any form such as its normal form, taste masked form, enteric or controlled release form.
  • the taste masking can be carried out by any of the processes known in the art, not limiting to complexation with cyclodextrins, ion exchange resins or any other suitable agents. Taste masking can also be achieved by coating with water soluble or insoluble polymers or polymers having pH dependent solubility or waxes. Both the enteric release and controlled release may demand for coating of active ingredient or its granules with suitable retardants or polymers.
  • the active ingredient may be incorporated in the formulation in the powder form, granules, pellets, beads or any other form.
  • the tablets of the invention may include in addition to the composite and an active ingredient, one or more binders, disintegrants, superdisintegrants, diluents, salivating agents, surfactants, flavors, sweeteners colorants, diluents, souring agents, suitable taste masking agents, viscosity builders, glidants or lubricants, solubilizers, and stabilizers.
  • compositions of the invention also include at least one super disintegrant selected from but not limited to natural, modified or pregelatinized starch, crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose as well as effervescent disintegrating systems.
  • Preferred disintegrants in the invention include crospovidone and natural, modified or pregelatinized starch.
  • the amount of superdisintegrant employed in the composition is about 2-50% by weight of the said dosage form.
  • binders examples include starch, pregelatinized starch, cellulose derivatives, such as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and their salts.
  • suitable diluents include starch, dicalcium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose and the like.
  • compositions of the invention may also include a glidant selected from colloidal silica, silica gel, precipitated silica, or combinations thereof.
  • glidant selected from colloidal silica, silica gel, precipitated silica, or combinations thereof.
  • the said compositions may also include salivating agents such as but not limited to micronised polyethylene glycol preferably of molecular weight 4000, sodium chloride or precipitated micronised silica to improve the disintegration properties of the said compositions.
  • compositions of the invention also include at least one sweetening agent selected from aspartame, stevia extract, glycyrrhiza, saccharine, saccharine sodium, acesulfame, sucralose and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate; one or more flavors e.g., mint flavour, orange flavour, lemon flavors, strawberry aroma, vanilla flavour, raspberry aroma, cherry flavor, magnasweet 135, key lime flavor, grape flavor trusil art 511815, fruit extracts and colours or dyes.
  • sweetening agent selected from aspartame, stevia extract, glycyrrhiza, saccharine, saccharine sodium, acesulfame, sucralose and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate
  • flavors e.g., mint flavour, orange flavour, lemon flavors, strawberry aroma, vanilla flavour, raspberry aroma, cherry flavor, magnasweet 135, key lime flavor, grape flavor trusil art 511815, fruit extracts and colours
  • solid dosage form may refer to tablets, capsules, granules, powders etc. However the most preferred dosage form is tablet.
  • tablet is construed to include a compacted or compressed powder composition obtained by compressing or otherwise forming the composition to form a solid having a defined shape. Tablets in accordance with the invention may be manufactured using conventional techniques of common tableting methods known in the art such as direct compression, wet granulation, dry granulation and extrusion/melt granulation.
  • the preferred process is direct compression which involves compression of drug-excipient blend after mixing them for a definite time period.
  • the tablet may vary in shape such as oval, triangle, almond, peanut, parallelogram, round, pentagonal, hexagonal, and trapezoidal.
  • the preferred shapes are round, oval and parallelogram forms.
  • the performance of the orally disintegrating tablets can be evaluated using a number of parameters namely wicking time, disintegration time in oral cavity, in vitro disintegration time, lag time etc.
  • both the wicking time and disintegration time in oral cavity are less than 60 seconds and the lag time is less than 10 seconds.
  • compositions of orally disintegrating tablets using composites and spray dried mannitol A Ingredients mg/tablet mg/tablet Spray dried mannitol of example 2 45.0 — Co-processed composite of example 2 — 50.0 Starch 23.0 23.0 Microcrystalline cellulose 10.0 10.0 Croscarmellose sodium 3.5 3.5 Calcium silicate 10.0 5.0 Aspartame 1.5 1.5 Colloidal silicon dioxide 0.8 0.8 Flavor 0.5 0.5 Polyethylene Glycol 5.0 5.0 Flavor 0.2 0.2 Sodium stearyl fumarate 0.5 0.5 Total 100.0 100.0
  • compositions of orally disintegrating tablets using composite of example 4 Ingredients mg/tablet Coprocessed composite of example 4 55.0 Starch 23.0 Microcrystalline cellulose 5.0 Croscarmellose sodium 3.5 Calcium silicate 5.0 Aspartame 1.5 Colloidal silicon dioxide 0.8 Flavor 0.5 Polyethylene Glycol 5.0 Flavor 0.2 Sodium stearyl fumarate 0.5 Total 100.0
  • the test is carried out to determine the rate of water uptake by the orally disintegrating tablets.
  • Five circular tissue papers of about 10-cm diameter were placed in a petridish with a 10-cm diameter.
  • a tablet (100 mg weight) was carefully placed on the surface of tissue paper. The time required for water to reach the upper surface of the tablets by capillary action was noted as the wicking time.
  • Wicking time suggest that the spray dried composites exhibits lesser wicking time indicating rapid disintegration of these tablets. Between spray dried mannitol and the composite of the present invention, the composite gives much reduced wicking time.
  • compositions of orally disintegrating tablets Ingredients mg/tablet mg/tablet Clonazepam 0.5 — Loratadine — 10.0 Composite of example 3 55.0 45.0 Starch 22.5 18.0 Croscarmellose sodium 3.5 4.0 Calcium silicate 5.0 5.0 Aspartame 1.5 2.0 Colloidal silicon dioxide 0.8 0.8 Flavor 5.0 0.5 Polyethylene Glycol 0.2 4.2 Sodium stearyl fumarate 0.5 0.5 Total 90.0 90.0
  • the drug and the composite was mixed to get a premix.
  • This premix was further mixed with other inactive ingredients, lubricated and compressed into tablets. All the tablets had good mouth feel and disintegrated in mouth within 60 sec.
  • the drug and the composite was mixed to get a premix.
  • This premix was further mixed with other inactive ingredients, lubricated and compressed into tablets.
  • the drug and the composite was mixed to get a premix.
  • This premix was further mixed with other inactive ingredients, lubricated and compressed into tablets having a lag time of less than 5 sec.
  • the drug and the composite were mixed to get a premix.
  • This premix was further mixed with other inactive ingredients, lubricated and compressed into tablets. Tablets had desired wicking time of about 55 sec and a good mouth feel.
  • the ingredients were sieved through 40# sieve along with taste-masked drug.
  • the sieved mix was blended to homogenize, lubricated and compressed to obtain 130 mg tablets of the following properties:
  • the ingredients were sieved through 40# sieve along with taste-masked drug.
  • the sieved mix was blended to homogenize, lubricated and compressed to obtain 100 mg tablets of the following properties:
  • the ingredients were sieved through 40# sieve along with taste-masked drug.
  • the sieved mix was blended to homogenize, lubricated and compressed to obtain 210 mg tablets of the following properties:

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WO2007113856A2 (en) 2007-10-11
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AU2007232098A1 (en) 2007-10-11
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