US20050033707A1 - Configurable architecture for controlling delivery and/or usage of a commodity - Google Patents

Configurable architecture for controlling delivery and/or usage of a commodity Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050033707A1
US20050033707A1 US10/628,712 US62871203A US2005033707A1 US 20050033707 A1 US20050033707 A1 US 20050033707A1 US 62871203 A US62871203 A US 62871203A US 2005033707 A1 US2005033707 A1 US 2005033707A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
control
node
program
customer
devices
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Abandoned
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US10/628,712
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English (en)
Inventor
Gregory Ehlers
David Peachey
Joseph Beaudet
Ronald Strich
Geoff Mulligan
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Robertshaw Controls Co
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Robertshaw Controls Co
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Priority to US10/628,712 priority Critical patent/US20050033707A1/en
Assigned to ROBERTSHAW CONTROLS COMPANY reassignment ROBERTSHAW CONTROLS COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STRICH, RONALD, MULLIGAN, GEOFF, BEAUDET, JOSEPH, EHLERS, GREGORY A., PEACHEY, DAVID
Publication of US20050033707A1 publication Critical patent/US20050033707A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/10—Office automation; Time management
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/46—Improving electric energy efficiency or saving
    • F24F11/47—Responding to energy costs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/50—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
    • F24F11/52—Indication arrangements, e.g. displays
    • F24F11/523—Indication arrangements, e.g. displays for displaying temperature data
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/50—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
    • F24F11/56—Remote control
    • F24F11/58—Remote control using Internet communication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/86—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling compressors within refrigeration or heat pump circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
    • G06Q30/0601—Electronic shopping [e-shopping]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/06—Asset management; Financial planning or analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06—Electricity, gas or water supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
    • H04L67/125—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks involving control of end-device applications over a network
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2120/00—Control inputs relating to users or occupants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B23/00—Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
    • G05B23/02—Electric testing or monitoring
    • G05B23/0205—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
    • G05B23/0218—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterised by the fault detection method dealing with either existing or incipient faults
    • G05B23/0224—Process history based detection method, e.g. whereby history implies the availability of large amounts of data
    • G05B23/0227—Qualitative history assessment, whereby the type of data acted upon, e.g. waveforms, images or patterns, is not relevant, e.g. rule based assessment; if-then decisions
    • G05B23/0235—Qualitative history assessment, whereby the type of data acted upon, e.g. waveforms, images or patterns, is not relevant, e.g. rule based assessment; if-then decisions based on a comparison with predetermined threshold or range, e.g. "classical methods", carried out during normal operation; threshold adaptation or choice; when or how to compare with the threshold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
    • H02J2310/14—The load or loads being home appliances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
    • H02J2310/62—The condition being non-electrical, e.g. temperature
    • H02J2310/64—The condition being economic, e.g. tariff based load management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/66—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads one of the loads acting as master and the other or others acting as slaves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/242—Home appliances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/18—Network protocols supporting networked applications, e.g. including control of end-device applications over a network
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S50/00—Market activities related to the operation of systems integrating technologies related to power network operation or related to communication or information technologies
    • Y04S50/10—Energy trading, including energy flowing from end-user application to grid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the delivery of a commodity, and more particularly, to a system and method for managing the delivery and usage of a commodity such as electricity, natural gas, steam, water, chilled or heated water, or potable or recycled water.
  • a commodity such as electricity, natural gas, steam, water, chilled or heated water, or potable or recycled water.
  • DSM Demand Side Management
  • thermostatic control devices have been designed, manufactured and placed in use for many years. These devices are primarily designed to sense the temperature inside a site 1 . 04 and based on occupant designated setting, activate the heating and/or air conditioning system or systems to maintain a comfort level based on the occupants designated level of comfort. There are two main types of design for these devices: a standard single control device or a dual control system.
  • the standard single control device can be set to activate a heating or cooling system based upon a manual switch to select either system and a degree setting mechanism to select the desired temperature to heat or cool to if the temperature falls or rises below or above the occupant designated set point.
  • a dual control system is attached to both a heating and cooling system which has two set points, one for the heating system activation and one for the cooling system activation. With this type of a control, the user sets a desired minimum temperature, below which the heating system will be activated to raise the temperature during winter seasons, and a maximum temperature, above which the cooling system will be activated to drop the temperature during summer seasons.
  • This type of temperature control device provides the occupant the convenience of not having to manually select either the heating or cooling system, as is the case of the standard single control device, and allows the occupant to define a temperature range between which they are comfortable. Using these two main types of design as a base line, there are many variations, which have been developed over time.
  • the present invention is aimed at one or more of the problems set forth above.
  • a system and method manage delivery of energy from a distribution network to one or more sites.
  • Each site has at least one device coupled to the distribution network.
  • the at least one device controllably consumes energy.
  • the system includes a node and a control system.
  • the node is coupled to the at least one device for sensing and controlling energy delivered to the device.
  • a control system is coupled to the node and distribution network for delivering to the node at least one characteristic of the distribution network.
  • the node for controls the supply of energy to the device as a function of the at least one characteristic.
  • a method of shifting energy requirements from a first period of time includes the steps of measuring energy usage of a controlled device operated by a customer, cutting off energy to the controlled device during the first time period, and providing a rebate to the customer based on actual energy savings as a function of the first time period, the measured energy usage, and known power requirements.
  • a thermostat device for controlling a heating and/or cooling system through interaction with a user.
  • the heating and/or cooling system are supplied with energy through a power distribution network.
  • the thermostat includes a control panel for receiving input from the user and a display coupled to the control panel for visually presenting information to the user.
  • the thermostat device is adapted to receive a characteristic of the energy being supplied and for displaying the characteristic on the display.
  • FIG. 1A is a block diagram of an energy management system, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1B is a diagrammatic illustration of one implementation of the energy management system of FIG. 1A ;
  • FIG. 1C is a flow diagram of a process for managing energy delivery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2A is a block diagram of a gateway node used in the energy management system of FIG. 1A ;
  • FIG. 2B is a block diagram of a metering node used in the energy management system of FIG. 1A ;
  • FIG. 2C is a block diagram of a control node used in the energy management system of FIG. 1A ;
  • FIG. 2D is a block diagram of a load control node used in the energy management system of FIG. 1A ;
  • FIG. 2E is a block diagram of an implementation of the energy system of FIG. 1A at a customer site;
  • FIG. 3A is an illustration of an advanced thermostat device, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3B is a block diagram of the advanced thermostat device of FIG. 3A ;
  • FIGS. 3C-3G are graphs illustrating an exemplary economic and comfort management control strategy, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4A is a graphical illustration of a customer GUI, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4B is a graphical illustration of a control panel of the GUI of FIG. 4A ;
  • FIG. 4C is a graphical illustration of a virtual thermostat of the GUI of FIG. 4A ;
  • FIG. 4D is a graphical illustration of an occupancy mode screen of the GUI of FIG. 4A ;
  • FIG. 4E is a second graphical illustration of the occupancy mode screen of FIG. 4D ;
  • FIG. 4F is a third graphical illustration of the occupancy mode screen of the GUI of FIG. 4D ;
  • FIG. 4G is a graphical illustration of a thermostat scheduling calendar of the GUI of FIG. 4A ;
  • FIG. 4H is a graphical illustration of a thermostat scheduling panel of the GUI of FIG. 4A ;
  • FIG. 4I is a graphical illustration of a select day type drop down list of the GUI of FIG. 4A ;
  • FIG. 4J is a graphical illustration of a config alert screen of the GUI of FIG. 4A ;
  • FIG. 4K is a graphical illustration of a report screen of the GUI of FIG. 4A ;
  • FIG. 4L is a graphical illustration of a daily temperature report pop up screen of the GUI of FIG. 4A ;
  • FIG. 4M is a graphical illustration of a daily electrical report pop up screen of the GUI of FIG. 4A ;
  • FIG. 4N is a graphical illustration of a configuration data screen of the GUI of FIG. 4A ;
  • FIG. 4O is a graphical illustration of a thermostat data screen of the GUI of FIG. 4A ;
  • FIG. 4P is a graphical illustration of a heating drop down list of the GUI of FIG. 4A ;
  • FIG. 4Q is a graphical illustration of a cooling drop down list of the GUI of FIG. 4A ;
  • FIG. 4R is a graphical illustration of a program participation screen of the GUI of FIG. 4A ;
  • FIG. 5A is a graphical illustration of a utility GUI, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5B is a graphical illustration of an immediate supply screen of the GUI of FIG. 5A ;
  • FIG. 5C is a graphical illustration of an available program capacity pop-up of the GUI of FIG. 5A ;
  • FIG. 5D is a graphical illustration of a scheduled supply screen of the GUI of FIG. 5A ;
  • FIG. 5E is a graphical illustration of a find eligible program dialog of the GUI of FIG. 5A ;
  • FIG. 5F is a graphical illustration of program summery table of the GUI of FIG. 5A ;
  • FIG. 5G is a graphical illustration of a program definition screen of the GUI of FIG. 5A ;
  • FIG. 5H is a graphical illustration of a reports screen of the GUI of FIG. 5A ;
  • FIG. 5I is a graphical illustration of a portion of the reports screen of FIG. 5H .
  • the present invention relates generally to a system 1 . 02 and method for managing the delivery and usage of a commodity, such as electricity, natural gas, steam, water, chilled or heated water, or potable or recycled water. More specifically, the system 1 . 02 is adaptable to manage the delivery and usage of energy, e.g., electricity and natural gas. While the below discussion focuses on the management of the delivery and/or usage of electricity, the present invention is not limited to such the delivery and/or usage of electricity.
  • the system 1 . 02 allows at least one customer (or user) located at a customer site (indicated by reference number 1 . 04 ) and/or a utility (indicated by reference number 1 . 06 ) to manage delivery or usage of the electricity to the customer's site 1 . 06 .
  • the utility 1 . 06 may include both the generation of the electricity, e.g., via power plants, and/or the transmission of electricity to the customer sites 1 . 04 .
  • the customer site 1 . 04 includes at least one device 1 . 08 which uses electricity and at least one node 1 . 10 .
  • the customer site 1 . 04 includes three devices: a metered device 1 . 08 A, a controlled device 1 . 08 B, and a metered and controlled device 1 . 08 C.
  • Each device 1 . 08 may have an associated node 1 . 10 .
  • nodes 1 . 10 there are four different types of nodes 1 . 10 : a load metering node 1 . 10 A, a control node 1 . 10 B, a load control node 1 . 10 C, and a gateway node 1 . 10 D.
  • the gateway node 1 . 10 D provides two way communication between the gateway 1 . 10 D and each other node 1 . 10 A, 1 . 10 B, 1 . 10 C and between the gateway node 1 . 10 D and a utility control system 1 . 12 . It should be noted that although there are only one of each the devices 1 . 08 A, 1 . 08 B, 1 . 08 C, shown, there may be any number of each type of device 1 . 08 A, 1 . 08 B, 1 . 08 C (including zero).
  • the load metering node 1 . 10 A measures the instantaneous power being delivered (typically, in kWh) to the associated metered device 1 . 08 A.
  • the load metering node 1 . 10 A may also determine the total power delivered to the metered device 1 . 08 A over a predetermined period of time, e.g., every 15 or 20 minutes.
  • Information related to the instantaneous power being delivered and the accumulated power is delivered to utility 1 . 06 via the gateway control node 1 . 10 D.
  • the metered device 1 . 08 A may be an electricity meter which measures all power being supplied to the customer site 1 . 04 .
  • the control node 1 . 10 B in general, is used to control the controlled device 1 . 08 B.
  • the control node 1 . 10 B may controllably cut off and supply power to the controlled device 1 . 08 B.
  • the control node 1 . 10 B may simply turn power to the pool pump on and off.
  • the control node 1 . 10 B may have control over features of the controlled device 1 . 08 B, e.g., start time, end time, duration, etc.
  • the load control node 1 . 10 C in general, is used to both measure the instantaneous power being delivered to the controlled and metered device 1 . 08 C and controls the device 1 . 08 C.
  • the load control node 1 . 10 C may also determine the total power delivered to the metered and controlled device 1 . 08 C over a predetermined period of time, e.g., every 15 or 20 minutes.
  • Nodes 1 . 10 may be utilized with any type of device 1 . 08 for which it is desirable to control and/or measure its power usage.
  • nodes 1 . 10 may be associated with the entire customer site 1 . 04 , a pool pump, an HVAC system, a water heater, any appliance, such as a refrigerator, dishwasher, hot tubs, irrigation and well pumps, spas, coffer maker, etc., or other electrical or electronic device, e.g., televisions, stereos, etc.
  • node 1 . 10 which is used with a device 1 . 08 is dependent upon the device and whether it is desirable to measure the device's power usage, control the device or both.
  • a node 1 . 10 may be separate from the device 1 . 08 .
  • a load metering node 1 . 10 A may be associated with the site's electric meter.
  • Nodes 1 . 10 may either be integrated with the corresponding device 1 . 08 or be separate.
  • a load metering node 1 . 10 A may be a separate device which is coupled to an electric meter (for retro-fit purposes).
  • nodes 1 . 08 may be designed and manufactured to be integral with the devices 1 . 10 .
  • the customer may access and control the system 1 . 02 through a user interface 1 . 14 (see below).
  • the user interface 1 . 14 may be incorporated into another device, such as a thermostat (see below).
  • the customer may be given access to the system 1 . 02 through external devices, such as, mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDA), laptop computers, desktop computers, or other suitable devices.
  • PDA personal digital assistants
  • Such devices may be linked to the system 1 . 02 via the internet, a wireless data network, or other suitable system.
  • the system 1 . 02 may be further accessed and controlled at the utility 1 . 06 via a utility interface 1 . 16 (see below).
  • the load metering node 1 . 1 A, the control node 1 . 10 B, and the load control node 1 . 10 C communicate with the gateway node 1 . 10 D.
  • the load metering node 1 . 10 A, the control node 1 . 10 B, the load control node 1 . 10 C, and the gateway node 1 . 10 D may all communicate with each other.
  • the nodes 1 . 10 are interconnected by a network 1 . 18 .
  • the network 1 . 18 may be a wired network, such as an ethernet network, or a wireless network.
  • FIG. 1B An exemplary implementation of the system 1 . 02 is shown in FIG. 1B .
  • the gateway node 1 . 10 D communicates to the utility control system 1 . 12 via an “always on”, secured wired or wireless network 1 . 20 through a cable modem, DSL modem, or other suitable means (not shown).
  • the utility control system 1 . 12 may be implemented in software which is stored and executed on a back-end server 1 . 22 (see below).
  • utility control system 1 . 12 and the back-end server 1 . 22 may be provided by and/or serviced and/or maintained by a third party, i.e., a service provider, 1 . 24 .
  • Access to the utility control system 1 . 12 may be provided at the utility 1 . 06 through a secure network 1 . 26 such as a virtual private network (VPN).
  • a secure network 1 . 26 such as a virtual private network (VPN).
  • VPN virtual private network
  • Remote access to the system 1 . 02 may be provided to the customer through the back-end server 1 . 22 via the internet 1 . 28 .
  • the customer site 1 . 04 includes a metered device 1 . 30 A, shown as an electric meter, a controlled device 1 . 30 B, shown as a pool pump (illustrated graphically as a pool), and a metered and controlled device 1 . 30 C, shown as a water heater. It should be noted, however, that any particular site may include zero, one or more of each type of device.
  • the system 1 . 02 also includes an advanced thermostat device 1 . 30 D. Each device 1 . 30 A, 1 . 30 B, 1 . 30 C, 1 . 30 D communicates with the gateway node or gateway 1 . 10 D.
  • the customer has access to the system 1 . 02 and is able to monitor and control the nodes 1 . 10 and/or the devices 1 . 08 through the user interface 1 . 14 .
  • the utility 1 . 06 may also monitor and control the usage of electricity by controlling the nodes 1 . 10 and/or the devices 1 . 08 . More specifically, the utility 1 . 08 may define, modify, implement, and engage one or more Power Supply Program (hereinafter PSP or PROGRAM or PROGRAMS) which are designed to alleviate or reduce energy demand during peak periods.
  • PSP Power Supply Program
  • PROGRAM may either be mandatory or optional.
  • the user through the user interface 1 . 14 , may be able to subscribe or sign up for one or more optional PROGRAMS.
  • a PROGRAM may be either automatically implemented when a predetermined set of conditions occur, such as time of day, or may be engaged, by the utility 1 . 06 , as electricity demands require.
  • a PROGRAM may automatically shift discretionary residential loads out of peak demand periods and credit consumers who participate with KWH rebates based on their actual (measured & verified) contributions.
  • the rebates would be directly related to the cost of the fuel or electricity during the shifted period.
  • This PROGRAM delivers the same results Time Of Day rates were designed to deliver without a variable KWH cost component. Rebates for shifting demand provide the consumer incentive versus higher rates in peak periods. Further, the PROGRAM provides a variable rebate based on a customers actual contribution, instead of a fixed rebate.
  • a method of shifting energy requirements from a first period of time includes the step of measuring energy usage of a device 1 . 08 operated by a customer (first step 1 . 32 A).
  • the device 1 . 08 has a known power rating.
  • energy to the device 1 . 08 is cut off during the first time period.
  • a rebate is provided to the customer based on actual energy savings as a function of the first time period, the measured energy usage, and the known power requirements.
  • a PROGRAM may be defined to include all pool pumps for a given set of customers, e.g., in a geographic location.
  • the PROGRAM may be further defined by not allowing the pool pumps to run during a set period of the day.
  • Customers having a pool pump may sign up or “subscribe” to the PROGRAM.
  • the power rating for a customer's pool pump must be known and is stored within the system 1 . 02 .
  • a load control node 1 . 10 C is either integral with or separate and coupled to the pool pump.
  • the load control node 1 . 10 C receives a signal from the utility control system 1 . 12 to disable the pool pump during the first time period.
  • the load control node 1 . 10 C further measures energy usage of the pool pump during the first time period to confirm that the pool pump is not running.
  • Another PROGRAM may also perform soft load control (control of comfort levels) on HVAC systems by modifying thermostat set points, use of temperature ramping and restricting the use of heat strips and secondary stages of compressors (see below).
  • the system 1 . 02 is designed to operate like a power plant, in that it would be dispatched every working day to shift peak loads but would not operate on weekends or holidays. Further, the energy saved through engagement of a PROGRAM may be viewed as capacity in the same manner as the capacity of a power plant.
  • the system 1 . 02 records actual interval data for a given entity or customer, and for each device 1 . 08 within that entity, or subsets thereof, as desired.
  • actual energy interval data can be collected for each appliance, and/or selected appliances.
  • Communications between the gateway node 1 . 10 D and the other nodes 1 . 10 A, 1 . 10 B, 1 . 10 C can be via wired or wireless means, including microwave, infrared, Radio Frequency (RF), or other wireless communications method.
  • the actual interval data can be a basis for computing a customer's rebate.
  • the gateway node 1 . 10 D can additionally collect information regarding the health and maintenance of the energy devices to which it communicates.
  • the gateway node 1 . 10 D and the other nodes 1 . 10 A, 1 . 10 B, 1 . 10 C can be equipped to communicate based on the wired or wireless communications channel. Furthermore, the communications can be bi-directional, and can be encoded. The gateway node 1 . 10 D can further communicate with the at least one server, and vice-versa. The gateway node 1 . 10 D can thus include a processor and an Ethernet connection. Communications to the server can be via cable modem, DSL, power line carrier modem, or another bi-directional wired or wireless secured communications link.
  • the gateway node 1 . 10 D may include memory (see below) for storing pricing and scheduling information.
  • a gateway node 1 . 10 D may store fifteen days of data when ninety-six readings from devices 1 . 08 are made per day.
  • Rebates can be provided based on, for example, overall usage. In one illustration, if a water heater is “on” for 1 ⁇ 3 of the time, historically, a consumer can get a 1 ⁇ 3 rebate for a non-peak period water heater usage based on the water heater being “off” for the entire peak interval.
  • the system 1 . 02 may also be adapted to receive from the customer a budget goal for a specified time period, e.g., one month. The system 1 . 02 may then monitor the customer's usage and send an email or other notification to the customer if it is determined that the specified budget goal will be exceeded during the specified time period.
  • a budget goal for a specified time period, e.g., one month.
  • the system 1 . 02 may then monitor the customer's usage and send an email or other notification to the customer if it is determined that the specified budget goal will be exceeded during the specified time period.
  • the system 1 . 02 may also include an advanced thermostat device 1 . 30 D.
  • the system 1 . 02 may have the ability to sense the current indoor temperature and could be enhanced to include at a minimum, humidity sensing, outside temperature, UV intensity, wind direction and speed, relative humidity, wet bulb thermometer, dew point and local weather forecast data or encoded signals as well as other analog or digital inputs used in the calculation of and maintenance of occupant comfort.
  • the system 1 . 02 will manage the indoor air temperature. Using the optional enhanced system inputs, the system 1 .
  • the system 1 . 02 may also manage the air quality and humidity at the site by controlling the operation of the appropriate heating, filtration, conditioning and cooling equipment in conjunction with damper and fresh air input ducts, electrostatic filters and ionization devices to maximize comfort and indoor air quality.
  • the system 1 . 02 may manage its operation of the available environmental conditioning resources to maintain the optimum temperature, humidity and air quality conditions based on user defined minimum and maximum values for comfort indices and price of energy indices.
  • the system 1 . 02 may also have the ability to switch energy types e.g., electric versus gas for environment heating and would also have the ability to switch suppliers based on the asking price of the energy supplier serving the location if the services of an energy broker are utilized.
  • the system 1 . 02 balances two primary factors. First, the system 1 . 02 maintains the environment within occupant defined acceptable minimum and maximum values at least for temperature and could be expanded to handle humidity and air quality. Second, the system 1 . 02 may vary these acceptable parameters based, on at a minimum, user defined preferences, price points and historical data (the gathering and retention of which is described later) to achieve the optimum environmental conditions. To provide feedback to the customer, the system 1 . 02 may also record the number of energy units (energy units as used here include for examples: kilowatt hours, BTU's, Therms, and Jules but is not so limited) used as a function of time for each of the loads monitored and/or controlled by the system 1 .
  • energy units as used here include for examples: kilowatt hours, BTU's, Therms, and Jules but is not so limited
  • the system 1 . 02 may permit the entry of daily, weekly and monthly budget amounts for energy.
  • the system 1 . 02 may monitor usage and provide visual and audible alerts if these amounts are being exceeded, thereby providing the opportunity to make corrections to system settings to achieve desired economic results.
  • the system 1 . 02 may be capable of controlling loads beyond its primary management function of the environmental air management systems using the same economic modeling techniques and controls that it uses to manage its primary functions. It may also manage, report and track total site 1 .
  • the system controls will be located at the site 1 . 04 , while the processors for modeling and managing the sources and types of energy units to be utilized and committed to will be distributed (at energy brokers, ESP's and utilities) and operate over a communications network without regard to the actual location of or distance from the site 1 . 04 .
  • system 1 . 02 supports and provides a wide array of monitoring and control points including:
  • the system 1 . 02 is designed to provide monitoring and control of major loads, e.g., total electric load, HVAC systems, water heater, and pool pump (if existent). In another embodiment, the system 1 . 02 provides monitoring of most, if not all, devices which require energy, e.g., electricity or gas.
  • major loads e.g., total electric load, HVAC systems, water heater, and pool pump (if existent).
  • the system 1 . 02 provides monitoring of most, if not all, devices which require energy, e.g., electricity or gas.
  • the system 1 . 02 is “always on”, connecting the nodes 1 . 10 to the utility control system 1 . 02 . This allows the system 1 . 02 to provide much higher levels of monitoring and management of loads.
  • the ‘always on’ connectivity allows the utility 1 . 06 to know exactly how much load is available from each participating end use device 1 . 08 at a customer site 1 . 04 and allows the utility 1 . 06 to aggregate that load up to a circuit, sub station or to any other desired combined total.
  • the utility 1 . 06 may target specific loads or geographic areas and manage demand more closely by getting verification of control requests as curtailment commands are initiated.
  • the utility 1 . 06 can then pass detailed load curtailment data on to the back-office billing programs at the utility where credits can be applied to consumer bills commensurate with their contributions.
  • the system 1 . 02 has the ability to monitor and control remote generating capacity such as photovoltaic systems (not shown) which may be located at a consumer site 1 . 04 .
  • remote generating capacity such as photovoltaic systems (not shown) which may be located at a consumer site 1 . 04 .
  • the system can monitor and verify load control reductions, it is equally capable of monitoring, dispatching and verifying remote generation capacity.
  • the system 1 . 02 allows the utility 1 . 06 to respond to requests for additional electrical supply. For example, when the utility 1 . 06 requires an increase in electrical supply, the utility 1 . 06 will be able to review current capacity and call upon some or all of that capacity in an Immediate Supply Request.
  • the utility 1 . 06 may command one or more customer sites 1 . 04 that meet the specified criteria, e.g., or enrolled in a specific PROGRAM, to provide their power contribution to the system's power generation supply.
  • the gateway nodes 1 . 10 D will continuously update the system 1 . 02 with current demand information in the form of available messages. That information, along with profile data, can be presented to a system operator to help them locate the best supply to call upon.
  • the utility interface 1 . 16 and the user interface 1 . 14 may be provided through a web browser (see below), such as Internet Explorer, available from Microsoft Corp. of Redmond, Washington.
  • the utility interface 1 . 16 may display the capability to define Power Supply Programs (PSP or PROGRAMS) in the system 1 . 02 and selectively apply substations and circuits that will participate in the PROGRAM when activated.
  • PSP Power Supply Programs
  • PROGRAMS Power Supply Programs
  • the system 1 . 02 through the utility interface 1 . 16 may include the following capabilities.
  • the system 1 . 02 may allow an operator at the utility 1 . 06 to selectively assign devices 1 . 08 that apply to a specific PROGRAM.
  • One or more substations and/or circuits may be included within the PROGRAM.
  • the system 1 . 02 may receive or generate an Immediate Supply Request (ISR) when additional electrical supply is needed.
  • the Immediate Supply Request may include a start time and the supply request duration.
  • An operator using the utility interface 1 . 16 , activates one or more PROGRAMS in response to the ISR. Activation of the one or more PROGRAMS may be immediate or scheduled at a future time.
  • a PROGRAM schedule is downloaded to each of the gateway nodes 1 . 10 D or nodes 1 . 10 affected. In one embodiment, the PROGRAM schedule may be downloaded to the appropriate gateway nodes 1 . 10 D or other node 1 . 10 in advance of the scheduled time of operation.
  • the system 1 . 02 can track, record, store, compute, etc. which customers actually participate in a PSP and how much demand was reduced in the home for the PROGRAM period.
  • the utility interface 1 . 16 may also display the current load generation available from the existing system 1 . 02 .
  • a view of the current Power Distribution Network for a utility company including Transmission Substations (TSS), Distribution Substations (DSS), and circuits may be provided.
  • the view may be appropriately annotated with identification information for each branch of the network (TSS, DSS and circuit).
  • the view may display an aggregated capacity for a branch of the network currently available.
  • the view may also indicate whether a PROGRAM is currently active on a branch of the system 1 . 02 .
  • the scheduled completion time may also be indicated.
  • the system 1 . 02 may also continually aggregate capacity and the current status of the distribution network and provides the updated information for display on the utility interface 1 . 16 .
  • the utility interface 1 . 16 may allow the operator to analyze profiles of homes and individual load types. This data can allow the utility 1 . 06 to assess which loads should be curtailed to achieve the needed demand reduction.
  • the system 1 . 02 may calculate home load profiles based upon information received from the load metering nodes 1 . 10 A and/or load control nodes 1 . 10 C. This may include HVAC profiling. Using this data, site load profile data can be aggregated for the electrical distribution network topology.
  • the network topology load profile may be displayed as a snapshot to the operator.
  • the operator may also review load profiles available in the system 1 . 02 at a specified time of day.
  • Configuration data is downloaded from the system 1 . 02 to each of the gateway nodes 1 . 10 D. For example, this may be done at one or more of the following: at predetermined times, when requested by a gateway node 1 . 10 D, and/or when a change, such as activation of a PROGRAM, has occurred.
  • configuration data may include, but is not limited to the following: communication parameters for system components, schedules and power supply programs.
  • each device 1 . 08 has a unique identifier, such as a MAC address or an RF logical address.
  • the intended device 1 . 08 for a given message may be included in the message received from the system 1 . 02 .
  • communications to and from the gateway nodes 1 . 10 D or other nodes 1 . 10 are secured.
  • the communications may be secured using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).
  • SSL Secure Sockets Layer
  • the system 1 . 02 may generate a Service Report.
  • a gateway 1 . 10 D may generate a message when a controlled device 1 . 08 has a change of state that alters its contributable supply by more than a predetermined range, i.e., a real-time demand range.
  • the system 1 . 02 may use these updates to keep a live running total of available supply for the entire electrical distribution network and make these values available at the utility interface 1 . 16 .
  • the system maintains a history of the consumption rates as a function fo time to create historical usage by device type and program to aid in planning and forecasting demand by device type. These values are available at the utility interface 1 . 16 .
  • the system 1 . 02 may ignore supply values from a gateway node 1 . 10 D that are older than a predetermined period of time, such as 30 minutes old.
  • the system may also receive messages from a gateway node 1 . 10 D at predetermined time intervals, such as 15 minutes, whether a load changes or not.
  • These messages can include the (a) demands generated for a device 1 . 08 in a PROGRAM and (b) the total demand generated for devices 1 . 08 in a PROGRAM.
  • these messages may also include a gateway ID, a utility ID string, time/date stamp, current power draw of every controllable device 1 . 08 , and whole house demand.
  • the customer may have local and remote access to a rich set of functions and features. Some or all of these functions and features may be accessible through the thermostat 1 . 30 D and/or through the internet 1 . 28 (via a web browser).
  • the customer may directly access and control in-home devices 1 . 08 .
  • the customer may view current temperature, view current heating or cooling setpoint(s), override heating or cooling setpoint(s), resume scheduled heating or cooling setpoint(s), view heat/cool/auto mode, change the heat/cool/auto mode.
  • the customer may view current electric meter accumulated consumption (kWh), view current electric meter demand (kW), view historical meter data.
  • the customer may view current equipment load status (on/off data), control the state of output relays (on/off), view and override curtailment conditions of the device 1 . 08 C, and/or view current demand and consumption data of the device 1 . 08 C.
  • the user interface 1 . 14 includes a scheduling feature.
  • the scheduling feature allows the customer to customize the devices 1 . 08 to operate according to personal preferences (rather than a default configuration).
  • the following scheduling features are accessible through the user interface 1 . 14 .
  • the customer may define up to a plurality of occupancy modes, e.g., 8, for use in daily schedules, define daily schedules using an unlimited number of day-types, assign day-types using monthly calendars.
  • the customer may, for example, define a run-time operation and/or a desired start time.
  • the customer may view or generate a variety of reports to view historical information about their homes and the devices 1 . 08 within.
  • some of the reports which may be available include:
  • Daily temperature reports displaying temperature and setpoints in, e.g, 15-minute intervals.
  • the customer may also view information related to Power Supply Programs. For example, the customer may generate or view a report detailing the PROGRAMS offered by the utility 1 . 06 . Additionally, the customer may select the PROGRAMS in which they choose to participate.
  • the customer may have access to their account and home attributes. For example, the customer may be able to view and modify various parameters associated with their user profile. Such parameters may include name, address, home, work and mobile phone numbers, primary and secondary E-mail addresses, password (modify only) and password reminder, and/or budget thresholds. Furthermore, the customer may be able to view and modify various parameters associated with the thermostat 1 . 30 D and HVAC system. Such parameters may include thermostat name, heating type and stages, cooling type and stages, and Safety, alarm, heat and cool limits.
  • the customer may also be able to view and modify various parameters associated with any metered and controlled devices.
  • Such parameters may include, e.g., the device name and description.
  • the customer may also be able to view and modify various parameters associated with their home.
  • parameters may include age and size, construction characteristics, water heater capacity and type(s), and energy related home accessories.
  • a supply request is broadcast.
  • the supply request may include a Curtailment ID, a Utility ID sub-string, Device Type Identifiers of the devices that are to contribute, a transaction identifier, and time elements indicating start time and duration.
  • the supply request is sent to all gateway nodes 1 . 10 D and other nodes 1 . 10 and may be repeated to ensure that all of the gateways 1 . 10 D and other nodes 1 . 10 will receive the request.
  • Each gateway 1 . 10 D and other nodes 1 . 10 receive the request and when the start time occurs, begin a Supply Request transaction.
  • the gateway node 1 . 10 D takes a whole-house meter reading (demand and consumption) and reports back to the system 1 . 02 that it has received the request and is participating.
  • every message includes the Curtailment ID so that the system 1 . 02 can collect all of the responses to the supply request and provide accurate analysis and billing/crediting information for the activated PROGRAM.
  • the gateway node 1 . 10 D and other nodes 1 . 10 then proceeds to control the specified devices 1 . 08 and report the status of each device 1 . 08 back to the system 1 . 02 as they are processed.
  • Devices 1 . 08 that are currently drawing power report the total watts contributed and then proceed to open the relay for controlled devices 1 . 08 B and/or controlled and metered device 1 . 08 C. If a controlled device 1 . 08 B is being used, an associated power rating may be used for the contributed power value.
  • a controlled device 1 . 08 may be either shut-off, i.e., power cut off, or controlled to some predetermined state, e.g., a heating/cooling offset may be set to a maximum value for a HVAC system (see below).
  • Devices 1 . 08 that are not currently drawing power will report zero watts contributed and leave the relay closed. With the relay closed, once the device 1 . 08 starts to draw power, the gateway node 1 . 10 D will measure its demand and then open the relay and then measure and report its contribution.
  • a device's 1 . 08 contribution is equal to the power consumption rate prior to activation of the program for the time period of the PROGRAM, i.e., the amount of energy being saved.
  • the device 1 . 08 is an HVAC system
  • adjusting the setpoint may not guarantee that the system may not run at all. If the HVAC is not running, its supply contribution message is reported as zero.
  • the setpoints are offset and the temperature is monitored. When the temperature exceeds the appropriate heating or cooling original setpoint (prior to the offset change), the gateway node 1 . 10 D may indicate what the contribution is. This represents when the equipment would have come on without the curtailment.
  • the setpoint of the thermostat 1 . 30 D the actual consumption of the HVAC system should reduce as a result of a higher setpoint for heating or cooling being established. The actual usage for a particular setpoint for a site 1 .
  • the system 1 . 02 can thus measure the shorter and less frequent cycling of the HVAC system to create an overall energy savings amount. For example, if the unit consumes 5 kwh set at 72 and used 4.6 kwh set at 76 then the savings is 0.4 kwh per hour.
  • the gateway node 1 . 10 D will re-enable the devices 1 . 08 and report a completion message to the system 1 . 02 that includes the whole house demand data and total consumption data.
  • a reverse ramp can initiate to reduce the potential of creating a peak demand at the end of a curtailment or control period. This reverse ramp could include the restriction of secondary compressor stages as well as heat strips depending on the mode (heating or cooling) that the thermostat is in.
  • the system 1 . 02 may also send a supply request cancel message to abort the PROGRAM.
  • a supply request cancel message is received, the gateway node 1 . 10 D will perform as if the time has expired and performed all necessary clean-up, wrap-up and reporting as described above.
  • the gateway node 1 . 10 D may also send the total demand generated for all devices 1 . 08 for the PROGRAM to the system 1 . 02 .
  • the gateway node 1 . 10 D may receive a utility generated scheduled supply request.
  • the gateway node 1 . 10 D may be responsible for administering the PROGRAM within customer site 1 . 04 .
  • the gateway node 1 . 10 D may accept or download scheduled PROGRAMS from the system 1 . 02 in advance of the scheduled operation.
  • the gateway node 1 . 10 D may then monitor and control the affected devices 1 . 08 to carry out the PROGRAM.
  • the gateway node 1 . 08 D may report the electrical demand generated by each device 1 . 08 in the PROGRAM.
  • the gateway node 1 . 10 D may also receive occupant device schedules from the system. Device schedules apply to customer devices 1 . 08 such as water heater, pool pump, hot tub and spas. The gateway node 1 . 10 D may then be responsible for administering the device schedules within the customer site. The device schedules may be received by the gateway node 1 . 10 D in advance of the scheduled operation. Then the gateway node 1 . 10 D may monitor and control the affected devices 1 . 08 per the downloaded device schedules.
  • customer devices 1 . 08 such as water heater, pool pump, hot tub and spas.
  • the gateway node 1 . 10 D may then be responsible for administering the device schedules within the customer site.
  • the device schedules may be received by the gateway node 1 . 10 D in advance of the scheduled operation. Then the gateway node 1 . 10 D may monitor and control the affected devices 1 . 08 per the downloaded device schedules.
  • the gateway node 1 . 10 D can re-enable devices 1 . 08 (water heater, pool pump, hot tub and spa).
  • the gateway node may have multiple days, e.g., three days, of schedules available. Water heaters can fall back to an operational mode, however, pool pump, spas, hot tubs and irrigation and well pumps may not. These latter devices may have to be cycled based on some programmed interval like, for example, 8 hours a day. Other devices 1 . 08 like an irrigation pump could not simply default to “on” or it may start and never stop.
  • the ability to receive and run schedules is not limited to the gateway node 1 . 10 D.
  • schedules, cycle run times and other operational commands may be downloaded to the control nodes 1 . 10 which will operate independently their individual schedules. This capability is designed to permit normal operation of the site 1 . 04 should the gateway node 1 . 10 D fail or communications are lost between the gateway node 1 . 10 D and the control node 1 . 10 .
  • the thermostat 1 . 30 D in one embodiment, is a wall mounted device which has a control panel 3 . 02 with a display screen 3 . 04 and a plurality of input buttons 3 . 06 .
  • the input buttons 3 . 06 includes a system button 3 . 06 A, a fan button 3 . 06 B, an occupancy button 3 . 06 C, and a hold/resume button 3 . 06 D.
  • the input buttons 3 . 06 further include an first control button 3 . 06 E and a second control button 30 . 6 F.
  • the thermostat 1 . 30 D is in communication with the gateway node 1 . 10 D (see above) and the gateway node 1 . 10 D can query the current temperature and setpoint values of the thermostat 1 . 30 D. Further, the gateway node 1 . 10 D can change the heating and cooling setpoint(s) and offset values of the thermostat 1 . 30 D (see below).
  • the thermostat 1 . 30 D may inform the gateway node 1 . 10 D when its relay outputs or contact inputs change state, or the gateway node 1 . 10 D can poll for this status. When this occurs, the gateway node 1 . 10 D can query the thermostat 1 . 30 D and send the current temperature and corresponding input or output status to the system 1 . 02 .
  • the thermostat 1 . 30 D may operate in a fallback mode upon loss of communication with the gateway node 1 . 10 D. When communication resumes, the gateway node 1 . 10 D can ascertain the state of the thermostat 1 . 30 D and restore the desired functionality.
  • thermostat 1 . 30 D All changes made at the thermostat 1 . 30 D can be communicated to the gateway node 1 . 10 D or be received during a poll of the thermostat 1 . 30 D. In one embodiment, the following functions can be accessible directly from the thermostat 1 . 30 D:
  • load control nodes 1 . 10 C provide two primary functions: 1) measure power consumption and instantaneous demand of an attached load and 2) control the load.
  • the load control node 1 . 10 C includes a means, e.g., one or more means (see below) to allow the attached load to be connected or disconnected from main power.
  • the load control node 1 . 10 C may be integrated and/or coupled to a controller of the load for control of its functions.
  • the load control node 1 . 10 C may disconnect the load when a supply request command is received from the gateway node 1 . 10 D and reconnect the load when a cancel supply request command is received from the gateway node 1 . 10 D.
  • the load control node 1 . 10 C may further provide status information, e.g., state of load control means, when a status request command is received from the gateway.
  • a load metering node 1 . 10 A is coupled to a site's electric meter 1 . 30 A.
  • the load metering node 1 . 10 A may accumulate time stamped cumulative consumption (kWh) data over a predetermined period, e.g., 15 or 20 minute time periods and be capable of storing up to a predetermined period of time's worth of data, e.g., 10 days.
  • the load metering node 1 . 10 A is in communication with the gateway node 1 . 10 D.
  • the gateway 1 . 10 D may query current accumulated consumption (kWh) from the meter 1 . 30 A and/or “instantaneous” load measurement (kW) from the meter on request. “Instantaneous” can be determined by the capabilities of the meter.
  • the gateway node 1 . 10 D can query the 15-minute interval data. Data values can be returned with a timestamp.
  • the interaction with the devices 1 . 08 located at the customer site 1 . 04 is the node 1 . 10 .
  • the nodes 1 . 10 permit the system 1 . 02 to focus on the entire supply chain, from well head production and generation to the end consumption point.
  • the nodes 1 . 10 are designed to give every energy-consuming device 1 . 08 the ability to intercommunicate with the entire supply chain if necessary and utilizes supply and demand balancing control logic, to improve the operational efficiency of end point devices 1 . 08 , groups of end-point devices and the entire supply chain.
  • This information exchange is accomplished over an always on broadband, high-speed, point-to-point, point to multipoint or mesh network(see above).
  • Energy consuming devices 1 . 08 within a customer site 1 . 04 may have varying levels of operational intelligence. Appliances and other utility consuming devices 1 . 08 range from super energy efficient refrigeration units with embedded micro processor controls to dumb devices like water heaters and pool pumps which simply operate in an on or off state using sensors or timers to control their operational state.
  • the nodes 1 . 10 provide an entirely new level of intelligence to each end device 1 . 08 and are designed to be modular in nature so as not to burden the end point control with more features or functions than it needs.
  • Nodes 1 . 10 may be designed to retrofit existing devices 1 . 08 , as well as be fully integrated into the end point at the time of manufacture of a device 1 . 08 .
  • nodes 1 . 10 there are three types of nodes 1 . 10 : a load metering node 1 . 10 A, a control node 1 . 10 B, and a load control node 1 . 10 C, as well as the gateway node 1 . 10 D.
  • Each type of node 1 . 10 has common basic features as well as optional sub modules such as Interfaces, Metering or Control modules (see below).
  • the nodes 1 . 10 are designed to increase the operational efficiency of even the most intelligent end use device 1 . 08 by giving it knowledge of the entire “utility” supply chain that it is connected to, making it possible for the end use device 1 . 08 to perform its given function more efficiently and economically.
  • each node 1 . 10 includes a node processor 2 . 02 .
  • the node processor 2 . 02 is a microprocessor.
  • the node 1 . 10 also includes a memory device 2 . 04 , such as non-volatile memory, for storing program and other data, as needed.
  • Each node 1 . 10 also includes a two-way communications 2 . 06 channel for communicating with other components in the system 1 . 02 .
  • the communications channel 2 . 06 may be either a hardwired or a wireless system. Any suitable communications means may be used to communicate with the intended device.
  • the two way communications channel 2 . 06 may provide a means to communicate with other nodes 1 . 10 or a programming device 2 . 08 .
  • the programming device 2 . 08 may be used either at the site of manufacturing of the node 1 . 10 or onsite to configure and/or program the node 1 . 10 .
  • the programming device 2 . 08 is coupled to the node 1 . 10 through a communications port (not shown).
  • the two way communications channel 2 . 06 may also provide communication to the gateway node 1 . 10 D and/or the other nodes 1 . 10 A, 1 . 10 B, 1 . 10 C.
  • the nodes 1 . 10 may be connected in a network by the two way communications channel 2 . 06 .
  • the network may either be a wired, wireless, or a combined network.
  • the nodes 1 . 10 provide the system 1 . 02 with the ability to monitor and control the operation of on site distributed generation resources, such as a photovoltaic system (not shown). This permits the system 1 . 02 to dispatch on site capacity when the demand and economics are favorable or the demand exceeds the supply creating an energy shortage.
  • the system 1 . 02 may do this in conjunction with any other utility resource such as natural gas or propane that might be used to power the a device 1 . 08 .
  • This ability is further enhanced by a node's 1 . 10 ability to communicate with a plurality of other similar nodes 1 . 10 or any other control, monitoring, configuration or management node attached directly or indirectly to the system 1 . 02 making it possible for individual nodes 1 .
  • the system 1 . 02 permits communications outside the customer site 1 . 04 , permitting individual nodes 1 . 10 or a plurality of nodes 1 . 10 in aggregation to intercommunicate with other control points which might include, but are not limited to, utility companies, energy suppliers, other sites or groups of sites, other sites or points of operation under the same ownership, energy and utility brokers, energy and utility service providers, independent power and utility producers, distribution sub stations, transmission sub stations, Gas and Water well operator and any other point of control or management or service organization associated with the site 1 . 04 , the end point device or the “utility” delivery network servicing it.
  • control points might include, but are not limited to, utility companies, energy suppliers, other sites or groups of sites, other sites or points of operation under the same ownership, energy and utility brokers, energy and utility service providers, independent power and utility producers, distribution sub stations, transmission sub stations, Gas and Water well operator and any other point of control or management or service organization associated with the site 1 . 04 , the end point device or the “utility” delivery network servicing it
  • each node 1 . 10 includes a two way communications channel 2 . 06 , which permits the node 1 . 10 to intercommunicate with any other point or points within the system 1 . 02 .
  • This intercommunication may occur with any other point within the system 1 . 02 and may be, but is not limited to, another associated Node 1 . 10 , a control aggregation point or an outside point like an energy or utility supply point associated with the customer site 1 . 03 or a control configuration, monitoring or management point.
  • the system 1 . 02 interconnects either directly or indirectly a plurality of nodes 1 .
  • nodes 1 . 10 may have multiple Two Way Communications Channels, permitting the best media and protocols to be implemented to achieve the desired end result.
  • an exemplary load metering node 1 . 10 A is shown.
  • the load metering node 1 . 10 A measures the instantaneous power being delivered to the metered device 1 . 08 A and may also determine the total power delivered to the metered device 1 . 08 A over a predetermined time period, e.g., 15 or 20 minutes.
  • the load metering node 1 . 10 A includes a metering module 2 . 10 which is coupled to the metered device 1 . 08 A for measuring power delivered to the metered device 1 . 08 A. This information is relayed through the gateway node 1 . 10 D over the two way communications channel 2 . 06 to the utility control system 1 . 12 .
  • the metering module 2 . 10 includes a metering processor and memory for calculating and storing power data, such as accumulated power consumption.
  • the metering module 2 . 10 includes means, such as one or more current transformers, for measuring power delivered to (or from) the associated device 1 . 08 .
  • an exemplary control node 1 . 10 B is shown. As discussed above, the control node 1 . 10 B is used to control the controlled device 1 . 08 . In the illustrated embodiment, the control node 1 . 10 B is coupled to the controlled device 1 . 08 B by a controlled device communications channel 2 . 12 . In one embodiment, the control node 1 . 10 includes one or more relays (not shown) for connecting and disconnecting the controlled device 1 . 08 B from power. In another embodiment, the control node 1 . 10 is interconnected to the controlled device's 1 . 08 B onboard controls. In this embodiment, the control node 1 . 10 B directly controls the operation of the controlled device 1 . 08 B.
  • an exemplary load control node 1 . 10 C is shown. As discussed above, the load control node 1 . 10 C performs both the metering function of the load metering node 1 . 10 A and the control node 1 . 10 B. Thus, the load control node 1 . 10 C includes both the metering module 2 . 10 and the controlled device communications channel 2 . 12 .
  • each node 1 . 10 in its simplest form includes a processor 2 . 20 and a memory device 2 . 04 within which control logic resides and runs.
  • This control logic, processor 2 . 02 and memory 2 . 04 provide the node 1 . 10 with the necessary control intelligence to manage its associated load or generation resource as a stand-alone point or in conjunction with a plurality of other nodes 1 . 10 locations as well as manage communications over the controlled device communications channel 2 . 12 (for control and load control nodes 1 . 10 B, 1 . 10 C) and over the two way communications channel 2 . 06 .
  • the gateway node 1 . 10 D acts as a central control node, providing intercommunications between the other nodes 1 . 10 at the customer site 1 . 04 .
  • a plurality of nodes 1 . 10 which may be located at a single customer site 1 . 04 or across multiple sites 1 . 04 , may be grouped for a specific purpose, e.g., control of all pool pumps in a defined geographic region or all pool pumps in a PROGRAM in a defined geographic region.
  • a single node which may be a gateway node 1 . 10 D, may be chosen as the central control node.
  • the processor 2 . 02 and control logic provide the node 1 . 10 with the ability to sense what its current state of operation should be, based on commands received from the central control node or gateway node 1 . 10 D, either within the customer site 1 . 04 or within the aggregation control sphere of the central control Node, and would manage the associated devices 1 . 08 based on this control state.
  • Each node 1 . 10 may also report back the status of the associated device 1 . 08 , their energy usage or other utility consumption rate (based on measurement from the metering module 2 . 10 ), to the assigned central control node 1 . 10 .
  • the nodes 1 . 10 may be cascaded from the central master control point down to the lowest level of control at an end point within the system 1 . 02 using, but not limited to, a tree and branch or star network, however deep the architecture dictates, to achieve the level of control desired.
  • Each sub level of control would receive control parameters or commands from its subsequent higher level node 1 . 10 and would either directly control loads attached to it or command nodes 1 . 10 subordinate to it, to achieve the desired control or management state.
  • higher level nodes 1 . 10 can more effectively manage a plurality of devices 1 . 08 without encountering scaling limitations usually associated with automation control systems managing a plurality of loads from a central processor.
  • the node 1 . 10 operating in a cascading control network as described above would not be limited or fixed in its structure and nodes 1 . 10 could migrate dynamically from one “group” to another or move up or down in the cascade structure to permit different control spheres and algorithms.
  • This unique architecture permits each node 1 . 10 to have a customized process control program and data collection criteria allowing its level of control and interaction with its associated load or generation capacity to be designed to meet the management control program objectives.
  • the process is further enhanced if the load or generation point under the control of the control or load control node 1 . 10 B, 1 . 10 C has its own operational control processor (not shown) which is interconnected with the node 1 . 10 B, 1 . 10 C over the controlled device communications channel 2 . 12 to provide operational state and control commands, run diagnostics and tests, operational health and performance data, and alarm conditions.
  • Data from the controlled or controlled and metered device 1 . 08 B, 1 . 08 C being accessible to other nodes 1 . 10 or control or monitoring or measurement nodes associated with the system 1 . 02 for either direct use or transfer to nodes external to the network, through whatever data transfer means are most suitable for the data type and priority level.
  • control node or load control node 1 . 10 B, 1 . 10 C may include a mains coupler 2 . 14 which permits the control node 1 . 10 B or load control node 1 . 10 C to attach or disconnect the load or generation capacity to the mains or distribution network for the “utility” product used or generated by the end device 1 . 08 B, 1 . 08 C.
  • the node control logic or program would be capable of receiving and processing data independent of specific controls from a central control point and at a minimum would monitor and control the operation of its associated load or generation capacity based on, but not limited to: the demand for the utility product, cost of the utility product, congestion levels on the delivery system and/or their associated cost, for electricity it would at a minimum, but not be limited to, monitoring demand, usage, sign wave frequency, voltage, and for other utilities such as, but not limited to, gas, steam or water, it would, but not be limited to, measuring line pressure, ambient temperature and any other factors and determine the best operating mode for its associated load or generation resource.
  • the node 1 . 10 Using parameters from a plurality of measurement, monitoring and control points associated with the utility delivery system, available to all nodes on the network, the node 1 . 10 would manage its associated consumption or generation demand and load on the “utility” delivery system in accordance with control parameters governing its operation, supplied to it through a control point configuration interface 2 . 16 and report any and all operational data, status and conditions back to one or multiple associated measurement, monitoring and control points as configured through the control point configuration interface 2 . 16 .
  • a control point configuration interface 2 . 16 is an input touch screen located on a device 1 . 08 .
  • the individual nodes 1 . 10 are capable of controlling the operation of the associated load or generation capacity to shift, reduce or cap demand on the delivery system or in the case of generation to dispatch the available capacity to help meet the demand and ensure the integrity and reliability of the delivery system.
  • triggering parameters include but are not limited to: the time of day, the total demand on the delivery system, the real time cost of the utility, the full weighted cost of delivery including congestion charges, the minimum operating characteristics of the associated load or generation source, the total demand for the site 1 . 04 , the total demand for the individual nodes 1 .
  • individual nodes 1 . 10 within an aggregate group, externalities like weather factors and the historical usage and demand patterns of the individual node 1 . 10 and/or its aggregate group of nodes 1 . 10 , individual nodes 1 . 10 will determine their optimum operating characteristics and will operate their associated load or generation resource to improve those operational and performance characteristics.
  • the load metering, control and load control nodes 1 . 10 A, 1 . 10 B, 1 . 10 C communicate with the gateway node 1 . 10 D through a wireless or radio frequency communications link.
  • a node 1 . 10 A, 1 . 10 B, 1 . 10 C comes online or powers up, including initial power up when the node 1 . 10 A, 1 . 10 B, 1 . 10 C is being added to the system 1 . 02
  • an initialization process 1 . 32 must be performed.
  • the gateway node 1 . 10 D emits a beaconing signal.
  • the node 1 . 10 A, 1 . 10 B, 1 . 10 C receives the beaconing signal and responsively generates a response signal.
  • the node being initialized 1 . 10 A, 1 . 10 B, 1 . 10 C joins the network of nodes 1 . 10 A, 1 . 10 B, 1 . 10 C through a handshaking routine between the gateway node 1 . 10 D and the node being initialized 1 . 10 A, 1 . 10 B, 1 . 10 C.
  • control and load control nodes 1 . 10 B, 1 . 10 C are connected to the whole distribution channel up to the utility 1 . 06 .
  • the control and load control nodes 1 . 10 B, 1 . 10 C may receive data, control parameters, and PROGRAM schedules through and/or from the gateway node 1 . 10 D. Based on the received data, control parameters and/or schedules, the control and load control nodes 1 . 10 B, 1 . 10 C may control operation of the associated device 1 . 08 .
  • FIG. 2E an example of the system 1 . 02 applied to a specific customer site, i.e., a residence or home 2 . 18 will be used to illustrate several functions of the system 1 . 02 .
  • the home 2 . 18 includes eight nodes 2 . 20 coupled to eight devices 2 . 22 .
  • a load metering node 2 . 20 A is coupled to a whole house meter 2 . 22 A.
  • the whole house meter 2 . 22 A could be associated with revenue grade power (electricity), gas or water.
  • the whole house meter 2 . 22 A is associated with electricity delivered to the home 2 . 18 .
  • the load metering node 2 . 20 A monitors and reports the total house consumption of electricity.
  • the load metering node 2 . 20 A measures and reports total consumption as well as instantaneous demand and records and report consumption in total.
  • the load metering node 2 . 20 A may store interval data in non-volatile memory (see above) in accordance with industry standards and system management requirements for the entire home to other control nodes 2 . 20 within the home 2 . 18 and/or any other node associated with its aggregation group, the delivery supply chain or any other node needing or authorized to receive or access it.
  • the home 2 . 18 has first and second load control nodes 2 . 20 B, 2 . 20 C associated with its heating and air conditioning systems one controlling the main living space, i.e., the 1 st floor HVAC system 2 . 22 B and the other controlling the second floor bedroom space, i.e., the 2 nd floor HVAC system 2 . 22 C.
  • Third, fourth and fifth load control nodes 2 . 20 D, 2 . 20 E, 2 . 20 F are associated with a refrigerator/freezer 2 . 22 D, an electric water heater 2 . 22 E, and a well pump (for yard irrigation) 2 . 22 F, respectively.
  • Sixth and seventh load control nodes 2 . 20 G, 2 . 20 H are associated with a roof mounted photovoltaic system 2 . 22 G (comprised of a storage battery bank and inverter capable of generating 2500 watts of 240v 60 hz A/C power for up to 12 hours) and a dishwasher 2 . 22 H.
  • Each node 2 . 20 in this example has control parameters stored in its associated memory, which the control program for the node 2 . 20 uses to determine the optimum operating characteristics for the management of its associated load or generation capacity.
  • a gateway node 2 . 24 may be utilized to aggregate the premise nodes 2 . 20 and consolidate the communications process and/or control processes with upper level nodes 2 . 20 or any other nodes directly or indirectly in the system 1 . 02 .
  • the nodes are connected in a network (as described above), but may operate autonomously or require direct commands to change their operational state.
  • the nodes 2 . 20 include basic logic so that if the node 2 . 20 is severed from the network either intentionally or by accident, the node 2 . 20 will continue to perform their management and monitoring functions to optimize their attached loads performance based on the last known condition of their associated utility supply chain.
  • the home 2 . 18 may participate in any number of conservation or demand limiting programs, i.e., Power Saving Programs or PROGRAMS.
  • PROGRAMS Power Saving Programs
  • the node 2 . 20 may be programmed and configured to perform a plurality of control and interface functions and is not limited or constrained in its ability.
  • the nodes 2 . 20 may be configured in a Load Limit or Load Cap Program.
  • the term load limit or load cap may be interpreted in this example to mean a limit or cap on either the KW demand or the total cost of operation making this example either a physical energy usage or economic control process. Because of the optional metering capability of each node 2 . 20 and its ability to receive economic data from the supply chain serving it, the node 2 . 20 is capable of making decisions based on its rate of consumption as well as the cost it is incurring at any point in time.
  • the gateway node 2 . 24 acts as the gatekeeper for usage and monitors and reports on the consumption and demand for energy at the whole premise level.
  • the gateway node 2 . 24 could be, but is not limited to, a single point node dedicated to just this site 1 . 04 as part of a tree and branch control configuration or it could be a node which is part of an aggregate group of homes in a star network.
  • the gateway node 2 . 24 will monitor and store consumption and demand information and report it to other nodes 2 . 20 in the network within the home 2 . 18 , as well as nodes outside the home 2 . 18 such as a central control node for the home 2 .
  • the rate of consumption data flowing from the gateway node 2 . 24 over the two way communications channels 2 . 06 would be received at a minimum by either the individual nodes 2 . 20 within the home 2 . 18 or by a central aggregation node in more elaborate implementations.
  • the load reduction, shifting and management process would be initiated.
  • the first and second load control nodes 2 . 20 B, 2 . 20 C for the HVAC systems 2 . 22 B, 2 . 22 C monitor and control the operation of compressors and resistive heating elements to maintain the indoor temperature. It also has the ability to intercommunicate with the HVAC systems 2 . 22 B, 2 . 22 C directly and control the temperature settings as well as have direct control over multi speed compressors and emergency heat strip operations using the controlled device communications channel 2 . 12 if the thermostatic control unit of the home 2 . 18 has a communications interface. This communications channel 2 . 12 also permits it to report on the systems' 2 . 22 B, 2 . 22 C operational characteristics and contact the customer, outside service providers or the manufacturer if any segment of the HVAC systems 2 . 22 B, 2 .
  • the load control nodes 2 . 20 B, 2 . 20 C for the HVAC systems 2 . 22 B, 2 . 22 C would utilize the metering modules 2 . 10 to monitor and report on the systems 2 . 22 B, 2 . 22 C rate of consumption of utility energy units but would not need the mains coupler 2 . 14 if it was managing the systems 2 . 22 B, 2 . 22 C operation through the controlled device communications channel 2 . 12 .
  • the node 2 . 20 may have the ability to manage the temperature within the home 2 .
  • the load control node 2 . 20 B, 2 . 20 C associated with each HVAC system 2 . 22 B, 2 . 22 C may suppress the operation of secondary compressor operating stages and restrict the use of emergency resistive heat strips provided that the temperature recovery within the site 1 . 04 was progressing at a satisfactory rate. This capability permits the system 1 .
  • the system 2 . 22 B, 2 . 22 C would be capable of determining which mode of operation it should be implementing and control the overall consumption of the HVAC system 2 . 22 B, 2 . 22 C to achieve the desired consumption goal.
  • 20 C may choose, but not be limited to, selecting a higher level on comfort over cost; vary the rate of temperature change differently based on cost and occupancy status; totally restrict the operation of secondary states of compressor operation or emergency heat strips based on energy supplier critical load level signals or total premise consumption cap level attainment; modify the temperature setting or suspend the systems' 2 . 22 B, 2 . 22 C operation for a specified period of time under energy supplier critical load situations or total premise consumption cap level attainment; alternately cycle multiple units in a site 1 .
  • the third load control node 2 . 20 D for the refrigerator/freezer 2 . 22 D monitors consumption of the refrigerator/freezer 2 . 22 D using the metering module 2 . 10 and also communicates directly with the processor controls of the refrigerator/freezer 2 . 22 D using the controlled device communications channel 2 . 12 to determine the operational status of the refrigerator/freezer 2 . 22 D and to provide over-ride controls for normal default functions like defrost cycles when they might be delayed to reduce overall demand.
  • This communications channel 2 . 12 also permits the third load control node 2 . 20 D to report on the refrigerator/freezer's 2 . 22 D operational characteristics and contact outside service providers or the manufacturer if it malfunctions using the two way communications channels.
  • the fourth load control node 2 . 20 E for the water heater 2 . 22 E monitors and reports on consumption and demand for the water heater 2 . 22 E using the metering module 2 . 10 and also has the ability to directly control when the water heater 2 . 22 E is connected to the utility supply chain or not through the use of the mains coupler 2 . 14 which permits the fourth load control node 2 . 20 E to connect or disconnect it from the utility supply.
  • the fourth load control node 2 . 20 E may use the controlled device communications channel 2 . 12 and the metering module 2 . 10 to monitor the rate of water usage, the input water temperature and the stored water temperature available within the water heater 2 . 22 E.
  • the water heater 2 . 22 E may be interconnected to a heat recovery system of the HVAC system 2 . 22 B, 2 . 22 C and if demand for heating water can be accomplished through the heat recovery system versus energizing the heating elements within the water heater directly, the nodes 2 . 20 of these devices 2 . 22 or a central control node for the home 2 . 18 would coordinate and execute that collaborative action thus reducing the total demand for the home 2 . 18
  • water heaters can be recharged in multiple ways using either waste heat from a heat or fuel cell or other on site generation unit. More advanced water heating systems in the south would benefit from using solar panels in conjunction with other forms of regeneration to eliminate any load on the energy delivery system. It is important to note that in the case of solar panels and propane the supply chain is limited to the premise geography but would be effected by the weather in the case of solar and by the market price for propane. In the case of propane other factors like the quantity on hand and the lead time to schedule a refill by the provider balanced against the projected quantity of propone the site 1 . 04 will consume between the current time and predicted refill schedule time all must be factored into alternative fuel usage as part of the supply chain balancing logic.
  • the fifth load control node 2 . 20 F for the well pump 2 . 22 F has direct control over the operation of the well pump 2 . 22 F and operates the well pump 2 . 22 F based on parameters supplied to it through the control point configuration interface 2 . 16 .
  • the parameters may include the run time requirements and preferred times of operation, established by the customer as well as network node updates, which could include weather information relating to local precipitation.
  • Sensor input could be present using the local communications channel (controlled device communications channel 2 . 12 ), which could provide precipitation input or ground moisture content. It is important to note at this point that the controlled device communications channel 2 . 12 may be used to not only communicate with other node processor 2 .
  • This channel 2 . 12 enhances the operational control logic for items like pumps that have no embedded process controllers or sensors. In a similar fashion however, this communications channel and communicating sensors can be used in conjunction with embedded process controllers to enhance their operation and performance to even greater levels where practical.
  • the load control node 2 . 20 G with its ability to communicate with other nodes 2 . 20 , sharing load and control data and managing demand within a site 1 . 04 or other group permits on site generation resources like the Trace power inverter to provide maximum benefit to the customer, the energy industry and the environment.
  • the seventh load control node 2 . 20 H for the dishwasher 2 . 22 H meters and monitors the dishwasher 2 . 22 H and communicate with its embedded control processor through the controlled device communications channel however in most cases would not require the mains coupler 2 . 14 .
  • the dishwasher 2 . 22 H may be capable of performing its designated function at the best time and in the most efficient manner to meet the needs of the customer while interacting with all of the other nodes 2 . 20 in the home 2 . 18 to meet the contractual obligations of the energy demand cap under which it must operate.
  • the node 2 . 20 G may be a retrofit device attached to the embedded controller of the dishwasher 2 . 22 H or may be fully integrated into the embedded processor thus reducing the overall cost of the combined systems by sharing processor and memory components.
  • the system is designed to integrate all “utility” consuming and generating resources over a plurality of network media and designs to create dynamically defined and reconfigurable groups of any size and provide them with the ability to collaborate and intercommunicate to manage the demand on the delivery system and supply chain of “utility” providers and their products.
  • alerts or message may be sent to the utility 1 . 06 and/or the customer (via email or the customer interface 1 . 14 ) and/or the service provider and/or a maintenance provider.
  • control and/or load control node 1 . 10 B, 1 . 10 C receives information related to a characteristic of the commodity supplied by the utility 1 . 02 , i.e., electricity, and controls operation of the controlled or controlled and metered device 1 . 08 B, 1 . 08 C.
  • the characteristic is related to the availability of electricity.
  • the characteristic is related to the cost or relative cost of electricity.
  • the onboard refrigerator controls may query the associated load control node 2 . 20 D to determine the cost or relative cost of electricity.
  • the cost may be expressed as an actual value, i.e., dollars per unit electricity, or as an relative classification, e.g., high or low or peak vs. non-peak time periods.
  • the onboard controller of the refrigerator 2 . 22 D may decide to either whether to perform the defrost cycle or to postpone the defrost cycle. In one embodiment, this decision may be based on a simple comparison between the actual cost and a predetermined value which may have been input by the customer. In other words, if the actual cost were above the predetermined value, then the scheduled action would be postponed.
  • each device 1 . 08 has an integrate node 1 . 10 .
  • the device 1 . 08 may make decisions based upon this information. For example, functions of the device 1 . 08 may be delayed and re-scheduled for another time. Or a different more energy efficient mode may be chosen.
  • energy consumption for a device 1 . 08 may be trended or otherwise compared with predetermined threshold to detect and/or predict a failure or need for maintenance. For example, if the door of the refrigerator 2 . 22 D was left open, energy consumption would increase. If energy consumption was increasing, the rate of increase could be compared with a predetermined value and an alert or message generated if the rate met or exceeded a predetermined value. Alternatively, the rate of consumption could be directly compared with a predetermined value to determine if an error or malfunction existed. In another example, if the filter of the pool pump 1 . 30 B becomes clogged, the pool pump 1 . 30 B will begin to work harder. This may also be seen through analysis of the energy consumption of the pool pump 1 . 30 B.
  • a control node 1 . 10 B or load control node 1 . 10 C may be linked to one or more sensors (not shown) which sense parameters of the corresponding device 1 . 08 B, 1 . 08 C.
  • the sensors may currently exist or be a part of the device 1 . 08 B, 1 . 08 C or be added to the device 1 . 08 B, 1 . 08 C.
  • the water heater 1 . 30 C of the above example may have a water temperature sensor. Readings from the water temperature sensor may be received by the control node 1 . 10 B or the load control node 1 . 10 C and used in determined how to control the water heater 1 . 30 C. For example, if the water heater's 1 .
  • control is instructing the water heater 1 . 30 D to heat the water contained therein (based, at least in part, on the water temperature), the water heater 1 . 30 C may first check with the associated load control node 1 . 10 C to determine if it should proceed.
  • the load control node 1 . 10 C may approve or not approve based on a number of factors, including as indicated above, a characteristic of the electricity supply and/or cost or relative cost of electricity, as well as the energy requirements of other devices 1 . 08 within the home 2 . 18 (or devices 1 . 08 at other sites).
  • a device 1 . 08 may be a storage system or an inverter system.
  • the device 1 . 08 could include one or more batteries (not shown) coupled to the power transmission network by a load control node 1 . 10 C.
  • the load control node 1 . 10 C could control a mains coupler 2 . 14 to provide energy to the batteries.
  • the load control node 1 . 10 C may then control the mains coupler 2 . 14 to reverse and direct energy from the batteries to other devices 1 . 08 .
  • the system 1 . 02 allows the devices 1 . 08 working with their associated nodes 1 . 10 to make joint decisions based upon the information received from the supply chain. For example, if a curtailment PROGRAM affects a group of pool pumps within a certain geographic region, limiting each pump's run time to 15 minutes per every hour. Each pump and/or corresponding load control nodes 1 . 10 C may determine which pumps will run during each 15 minute segment of each hour.
  • the customer may set a limit for the total power demand for the home 2 . 18 during any given period, e.g., 5000 Watts.
  • the gateway node 1 . 10 D receives the total current demand, i.e., power being used, on a real-time basis.
  • the device 1 . 08 (through the associated node 1 . 10 ) may query the gateway node 1 . 10 D for permission. If the requested function would cause total demand to exceed this amount (or come within a predetermined threshold), the gateway node 1 . 10 D may not allow the device 1 . 08 to perform that function.
  • the customer or system 1 . 12 may set up a desired operating parameter for a particular device 1 . 08 .
  • the customer may indicate that he wants the pool pump 1 . 30 B to operate for a given period of time each day, e.g., eight hours.
  • the system 1 . 12 will schedule the operation of the pool pump 1 . 30 B based on the information received from the supply chain, e.g., the cost or availability of electricity.
  • the thermostat 1 . 30 D is an advanced thermostatic control device linked to the power distribution network.
  • the thermostat 1 . 30 D is also linked to the nodes 1 . 10 within the customer site 1 . 04 either directly or through the gateway node 1 . 10 D and receives information from and regarding the power distribution network and the devices 1 . 08 .
  • the thermostat 1 . 30 D may more efficiently manage and offer additional functionality to the user.
  • the thermostat device 1 . 30 D receives information related to a characteristic of the energy being supplied and displays the characteristic on the display 3 . 04 .
  • the characteristic is related to the availability of the energy.
  • the characteristic could be either “peak” or “non-peak” hours. If the power distribution network was operating during peak hours, “PEAK” could be displayed on the display 3 . 04 . Or if the power distribution network was operating during non-peak hours, “NON-PEAK” could be displayed on the display 3 . 04 .
  • the characteristic may be related to the cost of the energy or electrical power being supplied.
  • the characteristic could be the actual cost of a specified unit of energy.
  • the actual cost could be displayed on the display 3 . 04 .
  • the characteristic could be a relative cost, i.e., is the actual cost near or about a baseline cost, or above or below the baseline cost.
  • the cost or relative cost may be displayed to the user graphically.
  • the cost could be displayed using a one or more symbols (shown as “$”).
  • the number of symbols are related to the cost, i.e., the more symbols displayed the greater the actual or relative cost.
  • the thermostat 1 . 30 D may use a scale from 1 to X symbols.
  • X could be any number, e.g., 4 or 10.
  • the user in viewing this information, could make an informed decision on where to set the desired temperature (or setpoints) using the control panel 3 . 02 .
  • the thermostat 1 . 30 D forms part of a temperature and environmental sensing and control system 3 . 08 .
  • the thermostat 1 . 30 D is a node having a node processor 2 . 02 , memory 2 . 04 and two-way communications channel 2 . 06 .
  • the thermostat 1 . 30 D is coupled to the nodes 1 . 10 at the customer site 1 . 04 through the gateway node 1 . 10 D.
  • the thermostat 1 . 30 D is also coupled to one more sensors 3 . 10 which are adapted to sense one or more parameters related to indoor or outdoor air quality. Based on the sensed data, the thermostat 1 . 30 D controls other devices 1 .
  • the managed devices may include one or more HVAC systems, air cleaners or electrostatic filters, fans, humidifiers, de-humidifiers, damper and fresh air input ducts, and ionization devices or at type of device 1 . 08 which may affect air quality.
  • the sensors 3 . 10 include an indoor air temperature sensor 3 . 10 A and a humidity sensor 3 . 10 B.
  • the thermostat 1 . 30 D may also include sensors 3 . 10 C for measuring and/or sensing one or more of the following: outside temperature, UV intensity, wind direction and speed, relative humidity, wet bulb thermometer, dew point.
  • the thermostat 1 . 30 D may receive external information through the gateway node 1 . 10 D, such as information related to the local weather forecast.
  • the temperature and environmental sensing and control system 3 . 08 will manage indoor air temperature. In a second embodiment, using the sensor data and/or external information, the temperature and environmental sensing and control system 3 . 08 will manage the air quality and humidity in the site 1 . 04 by controlling the operation of the appropriate heating, filtration, conditioning and cooling equipment in conjunction with damper and fresh air input ducts, electrostatic filters and ionization devices to maximize comfort and indoor air quality.
  • the system 3 . 08 will manage the available environmental conditioning devices 1 . 08 to maintain the optimum temperature, humidity and air quality conditions based on user defined minimum and maximum values for comfort indices and price of energy indices.
  • the system would be able to switch between energy types, e.g., electric versus gas for environment heating and would also have the ability to switch suppliers based on the asking price of the energy suppliers or brokers serving the location.
  • the system 3 . 08 would balance two primary factors. First, the system 3 . 08 would maintain the environment within user defined acceptable minimum and maximum values for one or more air quality parameters, for example, air temperature and/or humidity. Second, the system 3 . 08 also vary these acceptable parameters based on user defined preferences and/or price points and and/or historical data (see below) to achieve the optimum environmental conditions.
  • air quality parameters for example, air temperature and/or humidity.
  • the system 3 . 08 also vary these acceptable parameters based on user defined preferences and/or price points and and/or historical data (see below) to achieve the optimum environmental conditions.
  • the system 3 . 08 may also record the number of energy units (energy units as used here include for examples: kilowatt hours, BTU's, Therms, and Jules but is not so limited) used as a function of time for each of the devices 1 . 08 monitored and/or controlled by the system 3 . 08 . Furthermore, the system 3 . 08 may report back detailed consumption data as a function of time and summarize these details to provide at a minimum, daily averages for any user defined period, monthly totals, as will as track the costs of each energy unit consumed per period and provide detailed and average daily cost for any user defined period as well as monthly totals.
  • energy units as used here include for examples: kilowatt hours, BTU's, Therms, and Jules but is not so limited
  • the system 3 . 08 may be capable of communicating with the devices 1 . 08 which have associated control or load control nodes 1 . 10 B, 1 . 10 C, beyond its primary management function of the environmental air management systems permitting each control node point within the site 1 . 04 or other sphere of control up to and including the entire utility supply chain, to use the same economic modeling techniques and controls that it uses to manage their primary functions.
  • the thermostat 1 . 30 D is the customer or user's primary interface with the system 3 . 08 . As discussed above, the thermostat 1 . 30 D will be capable of displaying to the user the current cost of energy as well as its relative cost as a graphical or numeric value (1-10) or $$$$$$$$) where 1 is low and 10 is high or $ is low and $$$$$$$ is high.
  • the system 3 . 08 may also display on the display screen 3 . 04 , energy efficiency data.
  • the energy efficiency data may be used to indicate, based on control parameters set in the system 3 . 08 , how energy efficient the management protocol and control parameters capabilities are.
  • This relative efficiency data may relate to the site's 1 . 04 performance on a standalone basis or may be tied to a comparison group against which relative efficiency can be determined or both.
  • This data indicating the relative and actual cost of energy and effiency can also be communicated to other remote devices 1 . 08 like TV screens, or other display devices (at the site 1 . 04 or remote) which are capable of communicating and displaying information. These devices 1 .
  • the system 3 . 08 may includes but are not limited to appliances with displays or indicator lights to reflect the cost of energy or any other means available at points of consumption or stand along means to inform the customer of the relative and actual cost of energy and their relative energy efficiency level.
  • the system 3 . 08 may also manage, report and track its energy unit usage and interface with energy unit suppliers via a communications channel.
  • the system 3 . 08 controls will be located at the site 1 . 04 , while the processors for modeling and managing the sources and types of energy units to be utilized and committed to can be local or distributed and operate over a communications network without regard to the actual location of or distance from the site 1 . 04 .
  • the user may set a temperature setpoint, i.e., a desired temperature and the system 3 . 08 based on the temperature setpoint, sensed data, as well as the user's historical use of the system 3 . 08 may determine an effective setpoint.
  • the system 3 . 08 may then control the devices 1 . 08 as a function of the effective setpoint.
  • the temperature setpoint may have an associated “deadband”. For example, a temperature setpoint of 72 degrees may have a deadband of +/ ⁇ 5 degrees. In this example, the system 3 . 08 would not initiate cooling until the actual temperature reached 77 degrees or would not initiate heating until the actual temperature reached 67 degrees.
  • variable dead band of operation of the system 3 . 08 may be directly tied to the cost of energy and the customer's willingness to pay.
  • a fixed set point to a cost of energy may be set and an optimal ramp rate based on a time and temperature differential to achieve savings.
  • a user defined ramping rate such as 1 degree per 30 minutes to modify the temperature set point of the site 1 . 04 to reduce the operation of the heating or cooling system during periods of high energy prices may be defined.
  • the system 3 . 08 manages comfort for the customer site 1 . 04 by learning from the user's inputs or adjustments to the system 3 . 08 to change or modify indoor air temperature. This learning process alters the operation of the system 3 . 08 , freeing the customer from having to make changes to manage the indoor environmental condition. To accomplish this, the system 3 . 08 must actively monitor and control not only the temperature setting in the home 2 . 18 but may also monitor and actively control the humidity levels.
  • the system 3 . 08 determines the effective temperature to accommodate changes in the indoor humidity settings. For example, if the customer initially sets the thermostat at 72 degrees F., the system 3 . 08 senses the indoor humidity level and maintains a relationship between the temperature and humidity level sensed. As the humidity level of the home 2 . 18 rises in summer, the set point would remain at 72 degree F., however, the effective setpoint that the system 3 . 08 must maintain is automatically lowered to maintain a consistent level of comfort. As a default parameter, the system 2 . 18 may have to lower the effective set point from that established by the customer by 3 degrees F. for every 10% of relative humidity that is sensed to retain the comfort level in the site 1 . 04 .
  • the effective set point would be raised by 3 degrees F. for every 10% reduction in sensed humidity within the home 2 . 18 to maintain the desired comfort level in winter.
  • the ratio of 3 degrees F. + or ⁇ is a default setting and would be modified as needed based on the user's changes to the set point at the thermostat 1 . 30 D. Changes to the effective set point as it relates to the sensed humidity therefore may be increased of decreased from the default ratios permitting the control algorithm to learn the user's individual preferences and over time, eliminate the need for the site 1 . 04 occupant to make any changes.
  • the system 3 . 08 allows one or more occupancy modes to be defined and/or modified and/or utilized by the user.
  • the use of different occupancy modes would assist in achieving a reduced level of demand on the energy delivery system as well as reduce the total cost of operation site 1 . 04 .
  • the occupancy modes may be defined or modified through the user interface 1 . 14 (see below) and activated through the thermostat 1 . 30 D and/or the user interface 1 . 14 . Examples of possible occupancy modes include: home, away, weekend, weekday, holiday. Specific modes may also be defined for different users.
  • the system's 3 . 08 performance and energy reduction capabilities are further enhanced during all periods by applying the most energy effective set point or its related off set if the occupancy mode is “vacant” and applying the comfort management off set if the occupancy mode is “home”.
  • This occupancy sensitive control is further enhanced by the addition of occupancy sensing devices that communicate with the system 3 . 08 .
  • the system 3 . 08 may determine the time necessary to recover from a one occupancy mode to another mode. In another words, this recovery time at which a transition or recovery process is to be initiated if the system 3 . 08 is set to a “recover by” time versus the default of “start recovery at” time.
  • the system 3 . 08 may be enhanced by having access to energy pricing data.
  • Energy price information is used by the system 3 . 08 to predict the total cost of operation at the site 1 . 04 for maintaining the environmental comfort.
  • Forward projection of pricing enables the system 3 . 08 to determine the optimal humidity and temperature settings that can be achieved for the site 1 . 04 and perform humidity level increases in the case of heating or humidity level decreases in the case of cooling so that the effective set point can be either lowered in the case of heating or raised in the case of cooling, permitting the heating or cooling system to run less during periods of higher prices. This ability to precondition the site in anticipation of increased pricing on average will reduce the total energy bill for the site 1 . 04 .
  • Energy pricing information may be entered by the customer, be pre-established as part of an energy supplier program or be set to a default value designed to create a balance of comfort and savings.
  • the graph of FIG. 3C depicts how, as energy prices rise, the ability of the system 3 . 08 to manage the indoor air temperature may be managed.
  • three scenarios are presented, however the present invention is not limited in the number or type of scenarios that might be offered or exist with any given implementation.
  • the three scenarios are maximum savings, balanced savings and comfort, and maximum comfort.
  • the system 3 . 08 has a predetermined default offset (which defines the deadband). Additionally, the offset may vary as a function of a characteristic of the supplied energy, e.g., availability and/or price. In the illustrated embodiment, different offsets are defined for energy supply classifications of low, medium, high, and critical.
  • the illustrated price points could be tied directly to the tariff structure for the energy supplier. If real time pricing is offered by the energy supplier serving the site 1 . 04 , this same temperature allowed variance could be utilized to generate savings and reduce supply chain demand.
  • Another load management program offered by energy supplier utilizes price tiers which the utility manages dynamically to reflect the total cost of energy delivery to its customers. These tiers provide the customer a relative indicator of the price of energy and are usually defined as being LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH and CRITICAL. These 4 tiers are superimposed in the graph of FIG. 3C to illustrate how the tiers would be used by a energy supplier to signal the customer and the system about the relative cost of energy.
  • This feature is applicable to the systems 3 . 08 described above when either a fixed set point is used or can further improve the ability of the system that utilizes the programmable set point feature to expand the operating efficiency of the heating and/or cooling systems while reducing the total demand on the energy delivery system.
  • the system 3 . 08 manages comfort by balancing humidity and temperature based on its learned preference setting using customer inputs or using system defaults. This ability to manage temperatures is enhanced by including a economic management system built into the system 3 . 08 which will direct the operation of the devices 1 . 08 system to achieve customer desired economic goals. This example of how the system can manage costs and comfort should not be construed as limiting or constraining the ability of the system 3 . 08 to deliver additional benefits of comfort or cost management.
  • the system 3 . 08 tracks and learns about the thermal gain characteristics of the home 2 . 18 . To do this, the system 3 . 08 tracks the thermal gain rate of the home 2 . 18 for each set point selected over time by the customer.
  • FIG. 3D a thermal gain table for two set points is illustrated.
  • FIG. 3 d shows two set points for the home 2 . 18 that the thermostat 1 . 30 D has recorded. The first set point for which data is available is 72 degrees F.
  • the three trends illustrated as lines 3 . 12 A, 3 . 12 B, and 3 . 12 C plot the thermal rate of gain in the site 1 . 04 for different outside temperatures. On the day represented by line 3 . 12 A the outside temperature was 99 degrees F.
  • the second step is to learn the operational run characteristics of the HVAC system as a function of the thermal gain. Since the outside temperature varies continuously during a typical day, the rate of thermal gain and the HVAC run times also vary in accordance with these changes.
  • FIG. 1E illustrates a typical day showing plot lines for the thermal gain rate and the associated HVAC run time. It should be noted here that the set point of the system 3 . 08 was set at a fixed point for the entire day and the use of humidity sensing and control of humidity levels were not introduced into the illustration so that the graphical plots depict a normal home with a normal HVAC control thermostat. Here again, the illustration depicts that as the outside temperature rises and the differential between the indoor set point and the outside temperature increase, the thermal gain causes the HVAC system to cycle more frequently.
  • the thermal gain would exceed the HVAC units' ability to recover the indoor air temperature to the set point.
  • the HVAC run time plot would plateau at 100% of operation and the indoor air temperature would rise above the set point, until the outside temperature dropped to a level where the thermal gain did not exceed the HVAC units ability to recover the indoor temperature setting or the indoor humidity level dropped to the point where the occupant began to feel cold and adjusted the set point higher, permitting the unit to resume a more normal cyclical pattern.
  • the third step is for the user to pick from a plurality of economic options offered by the system 3 . 08 .
  • These options range from 100% comfort management without any regard for cost to 100% economic management without any regard to comfort.
  • This choice at a high level would be but is not limited to a selection scheme from 1 to 10 which the user would select from, where 1 is pure comfort management and 10 is pure economic management. While this example would in its simplest from provide a selection of 10 options, the underlying control options used by the system 3 . 08 could be modified and expanded to provide an infinite number of options. To illustrate how the options in this example would drive the control logic we will now review the control parameters effected and illustrate the resulting controls.
  • the primary control parameter would be tied to the number of degrees from the set point that the customer would make available to the system 3 . 08 to achieve economic benefits.
  • This parameter would start with the set point established by the CUSTOMER (for this example 72 degrees F.) and at the maximum comfort setting would not move off of this set point (see FIG. 3F ).
  • the set point offset would be 4 degrees F. which would permit the system in this example to vary the temperature in the home form the normal set point of 72 F by the 4 degree offset making the acceptable temperature range 72 F to 76 F within which the system 3 . 08 would manage the environment.
  • the next parameter that would be used to achieve economic goals would be the ramping rate at which the system 3 . 08 would permit the temperature to rise within the site 1 .
  • the ramping rate has no effect.
  • another parameter that regulates the offset from the set point used by the system 3 . 08 to trigger recovery back to the set point would be an alternative control parameter.
  • the dead band of operation would be an alternative control parameter.
  • the ramping rate would be capable of being controlled through a combination of varying the dead band range and the thermal gain rate in the site 1 . 04 .
  • the dead band in this example would be raised to 3 degrees F. and the rate of thermal gain per hour would be set at 3 degrees F. per hour.
  • the results of this example are illustrated in FIG. 3F .
  • the examples here are only used to illustrate how the system 3 . 08 using the inputs from the customer would vary the operation of individual parameters as described to either maintain an optimum comfort or optimum savings control algorithm and are not meant to limit the number of control parameters that the system 3 . 08 might use of the way in which these different levels of comfort or savings are achieved. Additional parameters and controls could also be in more elaborate implementations of the system. The following paragraphs disclose these additional control parameters and control modes but should not be construed as limiting the system's capabilities to these examples.
  • the system 3 . 08 uses the learned thermal gain characteristics of the site 1 . 04 along with the customer selected allowable temperature variation range to maintain a flat level of demand and consumption. Under this control program, the system 3 . 08 uses the thermal gain rate of the home 2 . 18 and its associated HVAC system run time to produce a base line of consumption. Using this base line the system 3 . 08 can be instructed to manage the demand and consumption rate at either a flat level or at some reduced level by varying the indoor air temperature within the allowable range. The following illustrates how this control program works, but should not be construed to limit the capabilities of the system 3 . 08 to perform these functions using different control logic or additional sensing devices to improve the process.
  • the set point of the thermostat is 72 degrees F. and the allowed variation selected by the customer is 4 degrees F. making the acceptable range for indoor temperature from 72 degrees F. to 76 degrees F.
  • the time, when the base line is set can be triggered by a plurality of conditions, such as a user or program defined time of day, percentage level of operating run time, energy consumption rate for a give period of time or any other measurable on sensed event, for this example it is assumed that the customer has set the base line trigger to be set when the HVAC units run time reaches 33%. In the early morning when it is cool, the system 3 . 08 in this example will be operating at a cycle rate of 10%. As the outside temperature rises, the thermal gain on the home 2 .
  • the system 3 . 08 is able to maintain the HVAC run time at the predetermined trigger level up to the point that the thermal gain rise rate exhausts the allowed temperature variant allowed for the site 1 . 04 .
  • the system will have the option, based on control parameters set in the system by the customer or user or any other controlling entity, to exceed the cycle run time trigger level or exceed the allowed temperature depending on whether comfort or economic requirements are the primary drivers for the site 1 . 04 , the energy supply chain or a combination of both.
  • FIG. 3G illustrates this scenario, assuming that the thermal gain of the site 1 . 04 does not exhaust the allowed temperature variant for the site 1 . 04 .
  • the setting of this trigger point and the control of the system 3 . 08 may be for this example, or for any example, or for the entire system, under the control of a party other than the customer and therefore is not be limited in its scope as a residential or commercial control system.
  • the system 3 . 08 can be under the control of an energy supplier and can be used to manage a plurality of environmental control devices attached to the energy supply chain.
  • the control of the system 3 . 08 may be shared by a plurality of sources each having a defined level of authority and control over an individual control point or group of points as needed to manage, monitor and balance the demand of the delivery supply chain.
  • FIG. 3C Another feature of the system 3 . 08 is its ability to receive the cost of energy from the energy supply chain.
  • Price signals could take the form of tiers or actual prices.
  • the customer would be capable of specifying to the system 3 . 08 their willingness to pay for comfort or their desire to save by inputting into the system 3 . 08 a plurality of offsets from the set point that the system 3 . 08 could use to manage the environmental air comfort range.
  • FIG. 3C several scenarios are illustrated. In the first scenario, the customer can specify using levels of comfort or savings their willingness to provide additional temperature variants based on the cost of energy from the supply chain. Three lines are depicted, one be for maximum comfort, one for balance comfort and savings and the third for maximum savings.
  • the customer In the maximum comfort setting the customer is indicating that they will not give up anything based on the price of energy and therefore will not generate any savings. In the balanced comfort and savings setting, the customer is willing to give up 4 degrees of comfort to achieve savings. In the maximum savings setting the customer is indicating that they will give up 8 degrees of comfort to achieve savings over comfort.
  • These setting are specified as being set by the customer, however they may be controlled by other means such as the energy supplier or other outside management entities. An example of this might be a utility or other energy services company that offers a customer a flat rate per month for energy but under that agreement the customer would relinquish control of their heating and cooling system to the provide.
  • the entity managing the system 3 . 08 would provide pricing commensurate with their ability to control the home and the premise occupant or customer would pay less for their energy as that level of control by the supplier increased.
  • these features of the system 3 . 08 are not separate and can be used in a plurality of combinations to create control systems capable of delivering benefits to all parties associated with the generation, delivery and consumption of energy.
  • the customer wanted to achieve maximum savings to was willing to give up 8 degrees of comfort to achieve that goal
  • the site 1 . 04 as equipped to manage humidity levels, and the humidity level could be managed so as to reduce it by 20%
  • the actual temperature variant available to the system 3 . 08 to achieve the customers goals would increase from 8 degrees to 14 degrees giving the system 3 . 08 a lot of latitude to manage within.
  • Another feature of the system 3 . 08 that improves both comfort and energy efficiency is its ability to determine the optimal fan extended run time that can be applied to forced air HVAC systems to gain additional cooling and heating benefit from residual cooling and heating absorbed into the duct system during the thermal recovery process.
  • heating and cooling systems upon reaching the desired set point shut down the heating or cooling generation unit and enter a state of non-operation.
  • a sensor in the plenum unit will force the fan to continue to operate, for safety reasons, until the plenum temperature drops to a safe level. At this point the fan and system cease to operate.
  • the entire system 3 . 08 including the fan, typically cease operation as soon as the set point is achieved.
  • the environmental control system would utilize additional sensors, controls and in some cases ancillary humidity control devices to maximize savings for the customer and reduce the impacts on the environment. This is accomplished by making the system 3 . 08 overall more energy efficient, thus permitting power generators to reduce the operation of their power generation facilities, resulting in a reduction in air pollution and the consumption of our limited natural resources. Energy efficiency improvements through a combination of balancing thermal gain and sensed humidity can be performed in a plurality of ways. For illustration purposes, several will be discussed here but should not be considered as limiting the ways that improvements in energy consumption rates and comfort can be achieved.
  • the two primary factors effecting comfort in conditioned air space are temperature and humidity.
  • humidity plays a large factor in comfort and by controlling humidity levels, temperatures can be raised and traditional HVAC systems will run less thus saving energy.
  • Traditional HVAC systems by their design, remove humidity in the air as a function of moving air through a cooling coil. This humidity remove creates a more comfortable environment but typically, the removal of the humidity is purely a byproduct of the cooling process and is not controlled.
  • the system 3 . 08 may offer the ability to modify existing HVAC systems to make them humidity control systems by the addition of humidity sensing communicating nodes. These nodes sense humidity levels in the conditioned space and provide the input to the system 3 . 08 so that it can manage not only the temperature but the humidity levels in the site 1 . 04 .
  • the system 3 . 08 supports a plurality of communicating control switching, monitoring and metering sensors to complete the process.
  • the following example of humidity control that can be incorporated into new HVAC systems or as a modification to existing HVAC systems, is designed to illustrate how the system 3 . 08 can significantly improve on the operating efficiency and the associated cost of operation of HVAC units. Through improved operating efficiency the systems will reduce the total energy they consume, improving the economy, reducing emissions and preserving natural energy resources.
  • a traditional HVAC forced air system consists of a heating unit, a cooling unit, a fan and air filtration system. Air is drawn from the conditioned space through a return air duct system and is filtered and them passes through the fan chamber where it is then directed through a heating chamber followed by a cooling chamber.
  • the heating and cooling are performed by the same chamber using a common coil, and may be supplemented by a resistive heating strip chamber in climates where heat pump operation may be marginal during periods of extreme cold weather. Air them is passed into the supply duct system where it is transported back to the conditioned space through a series of ducts and registers. In a cooling scenario, the heating chamber is inoperative and only the cooling process is active.
  • the cooling coil As air passes through the cooling coil, the cooling coil reducing the ambient air temperature by absorbing heat. At the same time, moisture in the air condenses on the cooling coil and flows down the coil as a result of gravitational forces and is collected into a drip pan at the bottom of the chamber from there the moisture is piped to a suitable point of disposal. By default, as mentioned earlier, this process removes humidity from the air.
  • traditional HVAC units have a multi speed fan. This fan is designed to operate a several speeds depending on its design and operates at a low speed setting when the heating process is active and at a high speed when the cooling process is active. It does this because heated air is lighter and moves easily through the duct system requiring less force to move sufficient air into the conditioned space to recover the temperature to the designated set point.
  • traditional HVAC systems have multi speed fans built in but are solely used to compensate for the air density.
  • the system 3 . 08 takes advantage of this capability to utilize the lower speed fan settings to reduce the humidity levels in the home. It accomplishes this task by using a two-way communicating control node capable of modifying the fan speed settings to operate it in its normal high setting when recovery of the ambient air temperature is required and in the low speed setting to reduce the humidity levels in the home.
  • the system 3 To dehumidify the home 2 . 18 , the system 3 .
  • the system 3 . 08 would operate the air conditioning compressor to cause the cooling coil to drop in temperature and would operate the fan at a low speed causing more humidity to be removed from the air as it passes through the cooling coil at a slower rate allowing more moisture to be removed.
  • the cooled air would follow its normal path through the supply duct system and would pass the dryer and colder air into the conditioned space.
  • the system 3 . 08 would be able to determine and record in its memory, the rate of dehumidification its associated HVAC unit is capable of delivering. HVAC units equipped with multi speed compressors would operate more efficiently in this scenario than standard single speed compressor units. For dehumidification in a home with a multi speed compressor, the low speed compressor setting would be used to reduce the amount of energy the system 3 . 08 uses.
  • the cooling coil as it removes humidity from the air might become over loaded with condensation and begin to freeze up, sensors to detect either airflow or the presence of icing of the compressor coil would be needed.
  • the system 3 . 08 is capable of utilizing inputs from these sensors to either increase the fan speed to cause the coil to defrost or cycle the compressor while operating the fan in either a low or high speed to force warm air through it thus defrosting the coil.
  • In heating season as the outside temperature drops so do the humidity levels, resulting in low relative humidity levels. Just as humidity removal in summer makes the air feel colder, removal of humidity in winter has the same effect.
  • the system 3 . 08 boosts the humidity levels of the conditioned air space allowing a lower temperature setting to be maintained thus reducing the amount of energy required to maintain a satisfactory comfort level.
  • the system 3 . 08 is capable of managing the humidity levels using the humidity-sensing node described earlier in the cooling section but does not require the additional freeze and defrost sensors.
  • traditional humidification systems are designed to only work when the heating process is active. This is because they depend on the heated air exiting the heating chamber to pass through a series of mesh grids or membrane that is soaked with water. As the heater air passes through these grids or membranes, they pickup moisture through the process of evaporation and transport it through the supply duct system into the conditioned air space. To improve on this process, the system 3 .
  • the system 3 . 08 incorporates a modified duct humidification process which heats this grid or membrane to permit unheated air passing through it to transport moisture into the conditioned space, not requiring the main heating process to be active to accomplish its task.
  • the system 3 . 08 is capable of controlling remote, distributed humidification units throughout the site 1 . 04 , like the units available for sale today in a number of retail stores, which are specially equipped with a two way communications node controller integrated into them.
  • a less elaborate adaptation of this fully integrated solution that the system 3 . 08 supports, is a wall plug adapter with an integrated two way communicating control node, relay contactor and optional humidity sensor. This unit can be used to adapt traditional humidification units or vaporizers and make them an integral part of the humidity control system.
  • An additional sensor device is used to measure moisture content on surfaces, which are exposed directly to the outside like glass windows. As the humidity level rises in the site 1 . 04 , excess moisture may gather on these cold surfaces resulting in condensation accumulation. To manage this condition, optional communicating sensors to detect moisture accumulation are included with the system 3 . 08 .
  • Another method of controlling humidity levels in the site 1 . 04 during the cooling season which the system 3 . 08 supports is the modification of the cooling chamber coil to incorporate heat pipe technology to increase the units dehumidification capabilities on average by 2 times. Communicating sensors as described above would still be needed if low speed fan operation was used, however with heat pipe cooling coil retrofit devices, often times humidity levels can be maintained without the need to perform additional dehumidification. The amount of humidity reduction and the ability of the system 3 . 08 to perform the process efficiently all must be balanced to achieve savings and comfort. Cooling coil heat pipe retrofit devices are available from numerous companies throughout the world like Heat Pipe Technology Inc. of Gainesville, Fla.
  • Dehumidification control in more elaborate implementations of the system 3 . 08 can be used to precondition the site 1 . 04 in anticipation of events that would call for or require demand reductions on the energy supply chain.
  • An example would be a simply energy supplier program where time of day rates are used to encourage the reduction of system demand during peak periods.
  • the system 3 . 08 is capable of preconditioning the home to reduce the humidity levels in summer or increase them in winter thus permitting comfort levels to be maintained while raising the ambient air temperature to reduce demand and total consumption.
  • This preconditioning process while described here and supported by the system 3 . 08 as a “on demand” or “on request” type of program, could be used as the system default, resulting in a permanent reduction of demand on the system 3 .
  • the capital investment to manage humidity levels in the site 1 . 04 represent about 20% of the annual energy bill but can be easily recovered by managing humidity, which in topical climate conditions would result in an annual energy usage decrease of up to 14%.
  • the heating load reduction which would impact a number of different energy supply chains and natural resources.
  • the equipment to humidify the site 1 . 04 to increase humidity levels during heating seasons would be capable of being recovered within 18 to 24 months assuming that they were managed by the system 3 . 08 to achieve lower heating set points as a function of relative humidity levels.
  • Additional two-way communicating sensors will also improve the operational capabilities of the system 3 . 08 by providing additional input data.
  • Occupancy sensors as an example would provide the system 3 . 08 with knowledge of if there were people present in the site 1 . 04 .
  • the system 3 . 08 is capable of receiving authorization from any authorized entity to perform items like ramping, set point modifications or dehumidification differently depending on the presence or absence of the occupant. If unoccupied, the system 3 . 08 can be directed to take more savings related actions and defer comfort control options. This ability increases its ability to deliver savings and reduce demand on the supply chain without affecting the occupants' level of comfort.
  • Additional two-way communicating sensors are supported by the system 3 . 08 to support indoor air quality as well. Examples of such sensors are CO2, NOX, Radon, Gas, Formaldehyde and CO detectors. These sensors would supply input to the system 3 . 08 and if so equipped, would trigger the operation of air exchange systems to lower levels of such gases in the site 1 . 04 or trigger and alarm condition. Other communicating sensors to detect smoke or fire are also supported and permit the system 3 . 08 to perform emergency shut down of the air handler and other equipment should such a condition be detected. With such safety and security features, the system 3 . 08 , as a direct result of its communications capabilities, has the ability to interface with and report alarm conditions to a plurality of end points.
  • the system 3 . 08 also supports traditional air filtration filter monitoring as well as more sophisticated electro static filtration systems and UVG bacteria and virus air cleansing systems. In all cases the system 3 . 08 uses its two-way communicating senor node technology to control and monitor the performance of these units.
  • data various data elements are stored within the system 1 . 02 .
  • the data may be stored in gateway node 1 . 10 D.
  • each node 1 . 10 in the system 1 . 02 includes a node processor 2 . 02 and memory 2 . 04 . Therefore, any node 1 . 10 in the system may assume the processing and/or the control of one or more devices and/or the storage of system data 1 . 02 in the event the gateway node 1 . 10 D becomes disabled.
  • the following data may be maintained or stored by the system 1 . 02 .
  • the current supplier of energy units the current price per energy unit including delivery.
  • the current temperature set point both user set and fixed.
  • Weather information and history data including at a minimum outside temperature lows and highs, humidity, chance of precipitation wind speed and direction, solar exposure time and angle and UV indexes by day, by week, by billing period.
  • Computed thermal recovery time for heating and cooling adjusted to compensate for the external temperature, wind speed, direction, UV index, humidity and cooling or heating degree day factors.
  • This computed factor is used to more accurately compute the recovery time for thermal gain or loss when combined with the average normalized thermal gain or loss for the site 1 . 04 .
  • This factor may also be computed centrally and transmitted, frequently enough to permit adequate factoring of recovery times to maximize efficiency and reduce operating costs. Transmitting centrally computer factors will eliminate the need for external sensors at each location thus lowering the cost of installation and ongoing maintenance.
  • Alarm activation indicator which is user selected to permit the automatic alarming and notification of a monitoring service if one is available and subscribed to by the occupant, owner or system provider.
  • Alarm points and settings are user defined or can be allowed to default to system 3 . 08 defined default points based on the users, owners or operators preference.
  • Communications channel interface parameters and data including types and routing information necessary to perform communications activities on the attached network or networks available. These parameters include all information required to perform password verification and encryption as needed or deemed necessary by the owner, operator or communications system provider. These parameters also include the necessary routing and identification data for alarm trigger reporting points and services used by or subscribed for or available to the site 1 . 04 .
  • the user interface 1 . 14 may be implemented as a web page or graphical user interface (“GUI”) 4 . 02 .
  • GUI 4 . 02 may be accessible from remote locations, as discussed above.
  • the customer may access the GUI 4 . 02 through a web browser or other display device like a television.
  • the customer may access the GUI 4 . 02 through a remote device, such as a mobile phone and/or personal digital assistant.
  • a remote device such as a mobile phone and/or personal digital assistant.
  • a system home page 4 . 04 may be displayed.
  • the system home page 4 . 04 includes an information section 4 . 05 , a plurality of navigation buttons 4 . 06 , a navigation menu 4 . 08 , and a control panel 4 . 10 .
  • the information section 4 . 05 for an exemplary customer, Earl Minem is shown.
  • the information section 4 . 05 includes a greeting, the time and date, as well as several links. Actuation of the links may, for example, redirect the customer to the home page, the help screen, an e-mail contact section, frequently asked questions, or may log the customer off of the web site.
  • the plurality of navigation buttons 4 . 06 includes a device management button 4 . 06 A, a configure alerts button 4 . 06 B, a systems data button 4 . 06 C, a cancel curtailment button 4 . 06 D and a device status button 4 . 06 E.
  • the navigation menu 4 . 08 includes links to several areas of the GUI 4 . 02 as described below.
  • the GUI 4 . 02 displays a homeowner control center 4 . 12 in the control panel.
  • the homeowner control center 4 . 12 includes a plurality of hyperlinked icons 4 . 14 .
  • the hyperlinked icons 4 . 14 include a direct access icon 4 . 14 A, a scheduling icon 4 . 14 B, a my reports icon 4 . 14 C, an alerts icon 4 . 14 D, a configuration data icon 4 . 14 E and a user help icon 4 . 14 F. Selection of a home link within the information section 4 . 05 will return the GUI 4 . 02 to the homeowner control center 4 . 12 .
  • a plurality of direct access icons 4 . 16 will be displayed in the control panel 4 . 10 .
  • the customer has direct access of the HVAC system and the whole house meter.
  • a heating/AC icon 4 . 16 a and a whole house meter 4 . 16 B are displayed within the control panel 4 . 10 .
  • all devices 1 . 08 to which the customer may have access are accessible here, e.g., a second thermostat or the water heater.
  • selection of the heating/AC icon 4 . 16 A displays a virtual thermostat 4 . 18 within the control panel 4 . 10 .
  • the virtual thermostat 4 . 18 contains an information section or display 4 . 20 and a plurality of thermostat buttons 4 . 22 .
  • the display section 4 . 20 includes information related to the actual or real time conditions at the site 1 . 04 .
  • the current temperature within the customer site 1 . 04 is 67° Fahrenheit.
  • the heating and cooling set points are set to 58° and 85°, respectively.
  • the system 3 . 08 is in an automatic mode and the heating and cooling systems are in an off condition.
  • the occupancy mode is set to “Away”.
  • the system 3 . 08 allows the customer to program the HVAC systems use the virtual thermostat 4 . 18 and according to occupancy modes using heating and cooling set points. By using the thermostat buttons 4 .
  • the customer can change the current operating parameters of the thermostat. For example, selection of a change system mode thermostat button 4 . 22 A allows the customer to select between automatic and a manual modes. Selection of a change fan mode button 4 . 22 B allows the customer to change the fan mode from “on” to “automatic”. Furthermore, selection of an override temperature button 4 . 22 C or an override occupancy button 4 . 22 D allow the customer to override the current temperature and occupancy schedules as defined below. Selection of a cancel override button 4 . 22 E allows the customer to cancel a temperature or occupancy change which was input using the override temperature button 4 . 22 C or the override occupancy button 4 . 22 D. A cancel curtailment button 4 . 22 F allows a customer to cancel any curtailment program (where permissible).
  • selection of the whole house meter icon 4 . 16 B displays information within the control panel 4 . 10 related to the current power being delivered or utilized by the customer site 1 . 04 . Additionally, information related to the accumulated power draw over a predetermined period of time may also be displayed. This information may be displayed graphically and/or numerically.
  • selection of some of the menu items within the navigation menu 4 . 08 are redundant with the icons 4 . 14 in the homeowner control center 4 . 12 .
  • selection of a direct access button 4 . 08 A displays the direct access icons 4 . 16 within the control panel 4 . 10 .
  • Selection of the scheduling icon 4 . 14 B or a scheduling menu item 4 . 08 B displays icons for each thermostat within the customer site 1 . 04 or an occupancy mode icon (not shown). With reference to FIGS. 4D, 4E , and 4 F, selection of the thermostat scheduling icon or the thermostat menu item underneath the scheduling menu item 4 . 08 B, displays an occupancy mode screen 4 . 24 within the control panel 4 . 10 .
  • the system 3 . 08 allows the customer to define one or more occupancy modes (see above). Within each occupancy mode, the customer may set one or more parameters which control one or more devices 1 . 08 , such as the HVAC system(s) while the occupancy mode is active.
  • the customer may set a cooling set point, a heating set point, and may also set an economy profile.
  • the customer has eight occupancy modes.
  • the system 3 . 08 may include a home occupancy mode, an away occupancy mode, a sleep occupancy mode, and a vacant occupancy mode, as well as four user-defined occupancy modes.
  • Each of these modes is indicated with a respective tab 2 . 26 along the top of the occupancy mode screen 4 . 24 .
  • selection of a tab 2 . 26 allows the customer to set the parameters for each mode.
  • the cooling set point is set to 80° Fahrenheit
  • the heating set point is set to 68° Fahrenheit
  • the economy profile is set to economical comfort.
  • the economy profile may be used to control the HVAC system and/or other devices 1 . 08 based on characteristics of the supply chain, e.g., cost or availability of power.
  • each profile has an associated setpoint offset, e.g., +/ ⁇ 5 degrees.
  • the parameters for each mode may be set to a set of default parameters by selection of a default button. Any changes made within the occupancy mode screen may be applied to the respective mode through selection of an apply button 4 . 30 .
  • the cooling set point is set to 85°
  • the heating set point is set to 58° Fahrenheit.
  • the economy profile is set through an economy profile drop down list 4 . 32 .
  • the economy profile may be set to one of three profiles: maximum comfort, balance comfort, and economical comfort.
  • thermostat scheduling calendar 4 . 34 displays the month corresponding to the current date.
  • the thermostat scheduling calendar 4 . 34 may be navigated using a navigation bar 4 . 36 .
  • Each day on the calendar 4 . 34 may be defined as a type of day, for example, any day may be defined as a weekday, a weekend, or a holiday. In the illustrated embodiment, all Saturdays and Sundays have been defined as weekends, and all Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays have been defined as weekdays.
  • any day may be defined as any type of day.
  • Each day within the calendar 4 . 34 is a hyperlink. Selection of the hyperlink for any particular day on the calendar 4 . 34 displays a thermostat scheduling panel 4 . 36 as shown in FIG. 4H .
  • the thermostat scheduling panel 4 . 36 includes a thermostat dropdown list 4 . 38 and a select date drop down list 4 . 40 .
  • the thermostat drop down list 4 . 38 allows the customer to select between one or more thermostats which may be present within the customer site 1 . 04 .
  • the select day type drop down list 4 . 40 allows the customer to select between various pre-defined day types as well as to define a new day type.
  • the thermostat scheduling panel 4 . 36 permits the customer to select the occupancy mode which will be used for various time periods during the day.
  • the thermostat scheduling panel 4 . 36 also includes an apply button 4 . 42 , an apply to current day button 4 . 42 , an apply to all button 4 . 44 , and a back to calendar button 4 . 46 .
  • Selection of the apply to current day button 4 . 42 will apply the start times and defined occupancy modes in the thermostat scheduling panel 4 . 36 to the selected day in the thermostat scheduling calendar 4 . 34 .
  • Selection of the apply to all button 4 . 44 will apply the scheduled start times and occupancy modes defined in the thermostat scheduling panel 4 .
  • the select day type drop down list 4 . 40 may include a number of pre-defined day types such as weekday, weekend, or holiday as well as the number of user-defined day types.
  • selection of the alerts menu item 4 . 08 D displays a configure alert screen 4 . 48 within the control panel 4 . 10 .
  • the system 3 . 08 includes a number of pre-defined alerts, for example, thermostat temperature out of range control, gateway node not responding, budget limit alarm, device malfunctioning, communication failure, ramping recovery failure, or duplicate IP address.
  • the customer may select or designate the destination, i.e., who gets notified for each alert, and how they are notified.
  • the configure alert screen 4 . 48 includes a destination drop down list 4 . 50 for each alert. The destination drop down list 4 . 50 allows the customer to select who gets notified when the alert occurs.
  • the drop down list may include the home occupant, the service provider or the energy provider.
  • the configure alert screen 4 . 48 also includes one or more check boxes 4 . 52 to indicate how the communication of the alert is to occur, for example, whether or not it is to occur by e-mail or through the customer or utility interfaces 1 . 14 , 1 . 16 .
  • the configure alert screen 4 . 48 may also include a check box 4 . 54 for each alert to indicate whether or not the alert is configurable.
  • the configure alert screen 4 . 48 may also include an entry box 4 . 56 for each alert which allows the customer to indicate what priority the alert should have.
  • the priority may be used to, e.g,., provide a different delivery system based on the priority.
  • the configure alert screen 4 . 48 may also include an alert type drop down list 4 . 58 which allows the customer to indicate whether or not a single alert should be sent or whether an alert should be sent each time an alert condition occurs. For example, if over a pre-determined amount of time, for example an hour, a thermostat temperature is out of range, the system 3 . 08 may be set to deliver a single alert or to send an alert each time the temperature is out of bounds.
  • the configure alert screen 4 . 48 also includes a submit button 4 . 60 and a reset button 4 . 62 for updating the system 3 . 08 with any input changes or resetting the alerts to default values.
  • the configure alert screen 4 . 48 may also include a personal data update link 4 . 64 .
  • Activation of the personal data update link 4 . 64 will display a personal data screen (not shown) within the control panel 4 . 10 which allows the customer to update its personal information such as address, telephone and e-mail information as well as user name and passwords.
  • the personal data screen may also allow the customer to enter or update a budget threshold, e.g., a monthly budget threshold.
  • the system 3 . 08 may be set to send an alert when the monthly budget threshold has been reached and/or is likely to be reached based on current usage.
  • selection of the my reports icon 4 . 14 C or the reports menu item 4 . 08 C will display a report screen 4 . 66 in the control panel 4 . 10 .
  • the report screen 4 . 66 includes a plurality of reports icons 4 . 68 .
  • Selection of a reports icon 4 . 68 will display a pop-up screen within the control panel 4 . 10 .
  • selection of a daily temperature icon 4 . 68 A will display a daily temperature report pop-up screen 4 . 70 as shown in FIG. 4L .
  • selection of a monthly temperature icon 4 . 68 B will display a monthly temperature report pop-up screen (not shown).
  • the daily temperature report pop-up screen 4 . 70 may also include a plurality of drop down lists and/or buttons 4 . 74 which allow the customer to change the date or dates of the information being displayed in the report screen 4 . 70 .
  • the customer may designate a specific date or navigate through the calendar by days or months.
  • the report screen 4 . 66 may also include a daily electrical usage icon 4 . 68 C. With refence to FIG. 4M , selection of the daily electrical usage icon 4 . 68 C will display a daily electrical report pop up screen 4 . 72 . As with the temperature report pop up screen 4 . 70 , the daily electrical report pop up screen 4 . 76 includes a service device drop down list 4 . 78 , which allows the customer to select the device 1 . 08 for which data is being displayed. The daily electrical report pop up screen 4 . 76 also includes a plurality of navigation buttons 4 . 80 which allow the customer to navigate through the calendar as well as to display electrical usage information on a monthly or a yearly basis. A refresh button 4 .
  • selection of a config data menu item 4 . 08 E displays a configuration data screen 4 . 86 within the control panel 4 . 10 .
  • the configuration data screen 4 . 86 includes a number of configuration data icons 4 . 88 .
  • Selection of a personal data icon 4 . 88 A displays a personal data screen described above.
  • Selection of a thermostat data icon 4 . 88 C displays a list of the thermostats within the customer site 1 . 04 . Each thermostat may be selected and a thermostat data screen 4 . 90 will be displayed within the control panel 4 . 10 , as shown in FIG. 4O .
  • the thermostat data screen includes a first section for defining the heating section of the corresponding HVAC system and a cooling section for defining the corresponding cooling section of the HVAC system.
  • the heating section includes a heating drop down list 4 . 92 which allows the customer to select the type of heating which corresponds to the current thermostat as shown in FIG. 4P .
  • a cooling drop down list 4 . 94 allows the customer to set the type of cooling corresponding to the current thermostat as shown in FIG. 4Q .
  • the thermostat data screen 4 . 90 allows the customer to set a plurality of high and low limits. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the customer may set safety, alert, heat, and cool high and low limits. These limits may be used in controlling the corresponding HVAC system, as well as setting or delivering alert messages.
  • Selection of a home data icon 4 . 88 C on the configuration data screen 4 . 86 displays a home data screen (not shown) within the control panel 4 . 10 .
  • the home data screen allows the customer to define various parameters regarding their home or the customer site 1 . 04 including details about the construction as well as defining water heaters and other devices which may be found at the customer site such as swimming pools, whirlpool baths, hot tubs, heated ponds, saunas, fountains, decorative lighting systems, auxiliary heat systems, and/or irrigation systems.
  • Selection of an energy switch icon 4 . 88 D on the configuration data screen 4 . 86 displays information and allows the customer to modify parameters related to any energy management switches at the customer site 1 . 04 .
  • selection of the program icon 4 . 88 E on the configuration data screen 4 . 86 displays a program participation screen 4 . 96 in the control panel 4 . 10 .
  • the program participation screen 4 . 96 provides a list 4 . 98 of all available power supply programs (“PSP”) or PROGRAMS.
  • the program participation screen 4 . 96 also includes a plurality of corresponding check boxes 4 . 100 which allow the customer to designate which PROGRAMS the customer desires to participate.
  • the program participation screen 4 . 96 may also include other information regarding the listed PROGRAMS, including supply type, effective dates, and effective times.
  • Each PROGRAM listed on the program participation screen 4 . 96 may be a hyperlink which, when selected, displays additional information related to the selected PROGRAM.
  • the customer GUI 4 . 02 allows the customer to view, configure and/or modify various parameters of the system 3 . 08 .
  • the type and nature of parameters which may be viewed or modified will be defined by the utility 1 . 06 .
  • some of these parameters may be configured and/or modified using various drop down boxes, check boxes and/or entry boxes.
  • drop down boxes, check boxes and/or entry boxes may be used to display certain parameters; however the utility may designate that the customer cannot modify these parameters.
  • the utility interface 1 . 16 may be accessible through a web browser.
  • a utility graphic user interface 5 . 02 is displayed.
  • the utility GUI 5 . 02 includes a plurality of navigation links 5 . 04 on a utility display panel 5 . 06 .
  • the navigation links 5 . 04 include an immediate supply link, a scheduled supply link, a program definitions link, an active supply link, a supply history link, and a reports link.
  • the navigation links also include a link to the utility GUI 5 . 02 home page and a link to log off the system.
  • the utility display panel 5 . 08 includes a plurality of utility icons 5 . 08 .
  • the utility icons include an immediate supply icon 5 . 08 A, a scheduled supply icon 5 . 08 B, a program definitions icon 5 . 08 C, and active supply icon 5 . 08 D, a supply history icon 5 . 08 E and a reports icon 5 . 08 F.
  • the utility interface 1 . 16 may be used to define or modify PROGRAMS, to display information regarding the current active supply of electricity over an electrical distribution network, provide information relating to the capacity of electricity available through implementation of one or more of the PROGRAMS, to supply historical data related to the distribution of electricity and to generate one or more reports.
  • the immediate supply screen 5 . 10 includes a power distribution network section 5 . 12 and an information section 5 . 14 .
  • the power distribution network section 5 . 12 includes a meter 5 . 16 which provides an indication of the immediate capacity in watts (in real time) for the power distribution network.
  • the power distribution network includes a single transmission substation, designated tss 1 , and a single distribution substation, designated dss 1 .
  • the following nodes are available: Phoenix, Richmond, Philadelphia and Philly non-curtailed, as shown.
  • one or more PROGRAMS may be defined which when activated may curtail one or more devices 1 . 08 across one or more customer sites 1 . 04 (see above).
  • the meter 5 . 16 gives a graphical indication of the immediate power supply which is available from the PROGRAMS defined in the power distribution network.
  • a collapsible/expandable tree 5 . 18 is displayed.
  • Each of the levels in the tree 5 . 18 are selectable.
  • information regarding that level and the power distribution network above it are displayed within the information section 5 . 14 .
  • FIG. 5B when the distribution substation dss 1 is selected, information regarding the station tss 1 and the distribution substation dss 1 are displayed.
  • Immediate capacity is the real time instantaneous capacity available for the given level based on the defined PROGRAMS and the current status of all devices within those PROGRAMS. For example, for substation dss 1 for all devices currently in a defined PROGRAM, those devices are drawing 1,040 watts. If the defined PROGRAMS were implemented, those devices would make available or supply 1,040 watts.
  • the total capacity is the average for the current hour over a predetermined period, for example, the last seven weeks.
  • the information section 5 . 14 also includes a refresh button 5 . 20 which, when activated, refreshes or updates the information within the information section 5 . 14 .
  • Information related to each node i.e., Phoenix, Richmond, Philadelphia or Philly non-curtail, may also be displayed in the information section by selection of the corresponding level within the power distribution network section 5 . 12 .
  • the information section 5 . 14 may also include a review/request supply link 5 . 22 for each component listed in the information section 5 . 14 .
  • selection of the review request link 5 . 22 for a given node or station displays an available program capacity pop-up 5 . 24 .
  • the available program capacity pop-up 5 . 24 lists all defined PROGRAMS that are available for the given node at the current time.
  • Each PROGRAM includes a corresponding checkbox 5 . 26 which enables the utility to activate a given PROGRAM.
  • the instantaneous, real time available power is listed in a box 5 . 28 for each PROGRAM.
  • the total capacity 5 . 30 is also listed for each PROGRAM, i.e., if all defined devices 1 . 08 within a given PROGRAM were currently drawing power.
  • the available power refers to the instantaneous power which would be available if the respective or corresponding PROGRAM were activated.
  • the available program capacity pop-up 5 . 24 also includes a duration drop-down list 5 . 32 .
  • the available program capacity pop-up 5 . 24 may be utilized to immediately activate one or more PROGRAMS to free up capacity for selected duration. For example, in the illustrated embodiment if the emergency HVAC curtailment program and the emergency shut-off program were activated, the instantaneous available power would be 1200 watts.
  • the available program capacity pop-up 5 . 24 also includes a submit button 5 . 34 , a closed button 5 . 36 and a refresh button 5 . 38 . If one or more of the checkboxes 5 .
  • the utility control system 1 . 12 would broadcast a curtailment signal to the gateway nodes 1 . 10 D to shut down the affected devices 1 . 08 or otherwise curtail those devices 1 . 08 .
  • Activation of the closed button 5 . 36 closes the available program capacity pop-up 5 . 24 .
  • Activation of the refresh button 5 . 38 updates the available power available for each PROGRAM.
  • selection of the scheduled supply button 5 . 08 B displays a scheduled supply screen 5 . 40 in the utility display panel 5 . 06 .
  • the scheduled supply screen 5 . 40 includes a power distribution network tree 5 . 42 and an information section 5 . 44 .
  • the tree 5 . 42 displays the stations, substations and nodes within the power distribution network. Each of the stations, substations and/or nodes may be selectable within the tree 5 . 42 .
  • Information related to the capacity available at the selected level within the tree 5 . 42 is displayed within the information section 5 . 44 . In the illustrated embodiment, the power available at the given level during predetermined time periods of the current day are shown.
  • This information is reflective of the capacity or power available from the scheduled PROGRAMS. For example, based on the activated programs, between military time 0000 and 0600, the scheduled programs in Philadelphia have a capacity of 832 watts. For each station, substation or node within the network, the utility 1 . 06 may review scheduled programs or create a new schedule for programs.
  • the scheduled supply screen 5 . 40 also includes a refresh button 5 . 46 which when actuated updates the information in the information section 5 . 44 .
  • a find eligible programs pop-up dialog 5 . 48 as shown in FIG. 5E is available.
  • This dialog 5 . 48 allows the user at the utility to enter some or all information regarding a desired program or criteria for a program and search for any available program that fits the input criteria.
  • activation of the program definition button 5 . 08 C displays a program summary table 5 . 50 in the utility display panel 5 . 10 .
  • the program summary table 5 . 50 lists and describes all available PROGRAMS. In the illustrated embodiment, each listed program may include a link 5 . 52 which leads to additional specific PROGRAM details.
  • the program summary table 5 . 50 may also include a new button 5 . 54 .
  • selection of the new button 5 . 54 displays a program definition screen 5 . 56 in the utility control panel 5 . 10 .
  • the program definition screen 5 . 56 creates a new PROGRAM (see below).
  • the new PROGRAM may be broadcast to the gateway node 1 . 10 D at each customer site 1 . 04 .
  • the customer may view the new PROGRAM along with the other available PROGRAM and subscribe to the new PROGRAM or any other available PROGRAM (see above).
  • the program definition screen 5 . 56 includes a program name entry box 5 . 58 and a description entry box 5 . 60 , both of which allow the user to enter appropriate text information.
  • the program definition screen 5 . 56 further includes a set of mutually exclusive supply type buttons 5 . 62 which allow the user to define a type associated with the PROGRAM.
  • the type may be one of “on demand” or “scheduled”.
  • An on demand PROGRAM can be implemented at any time, as needed, by the utility. However, an on demand PROGRAM may be limited to specific time periods. A scheduled PROGRAM is generally scheduled for specific days during specific time periods.
  • the program definition screen 5 . 56 also includes a set of drop down lists 5 . 64 which may be used to set PROGRAM available dates and times.
  • the PROGRAM may also be identified as “optional” or “overrideable” using one or more checkboxes 5 . 66 .
  • An optional PROGRAM may be opted into or subscribed to by the user.
  • An overrideable PROGRAM means that once subscribed, the user may override the PROGRAM while it is running.
  • the program definition screen 5 . 56 may also include a plurality of checkboxes to 5 . 68 which is used to identify the types of devices 1 . 08 which may be included in the PROGRAM.
  • the system 3 . 08 includes HVAC systems, water heaters, pool pump and hot tubs/spas.
  • a PROGRAM may be defined to include all devices 1 . 08 or one or more types of devices 1 . 08 .
  • the program definition screen 5 . 56 includes back button 5 . 70 , a save button 5 . 72 , and a reset button 5 . 74 .
  • Activation of the back button 5 . 70 returns the GUI 5 . 02 to the previous screen without saving the PROGRAM.
  • Activation of the save button 5 . 72 save the current PROGRAM and returns the GUI 5 . 02 to the previous screen.
  • Activation of the reset button 5 . 74 sets the values in the program definition screen 5 . 56 to default values.
  • Selection of the active supply button 5 . 08 D displays a screen within the utility display panel 5 . 06 which provides detail regarding any active PROGRAMS.
  • This screen may include a tree similar to the trees described above which details the power distribution network.
  • the screen will also provide information related to all of the active PROGRAMS for any selected station, substation or node within the power distribution network. For example, for a given active PROGRAM, the following information may be provided: based on real time data received from the nodes 1 . 10 , how many customers have signed up for the given program, how many customers are actively contributing to the given PROGRAM, and how many customers have opted out of the program. Furthermore, each device which may be affected by the program may be viewed.
  • Selection of the supply history button 5 . 08 E displays a screen within the utility display panel 5 . 06 which provides historical data regarding any active program.
  • the same type of information available for the active PROGRAMS may be available for any past time or time period.
  • selection of the report button 5 . 08 F displays a reports screen 5 . 76 within the utility display panel 5 . 06 which provides a graph of energy consumption for a given period of time for a given device or set of devices.
  • the illustrated reports screen 5 . 76 the total hourly energy consumption for Mar. 18, 2003 (as measured by the electric meters) is shown.
  • the reports screen 5 . 76 includes an input section 5 . 78 which allows the user to select the device, e.g., electric meter, thermostat, water heater, pool pump or hut tub/spa, or the time period, e.g., daily, hourly, or monthly.
  • the input section 5 .
  • the reports screen 5 . 76 also includes a refresh chart button 5 . 80 which may be used to update the graph to show updated real-time data and/or to reflect any changes made in the input section 5 . 78 .
US10/628,712 2002-03-28 2003-07-28 Configurable architecture for controlling delivery and/or usage of a commodity Abandoned US20050033707A1 (en)

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US10/628,504 Active 2025-12-24 US7379997B2 (en) 2002-03-28 2003-07-28 System and method of controlling delivery and/or usage of a commodity
US10/628,518 Expired - Lifetime US7130719B2 (en) 2002-03-28 2003-07-28 System and method of controlling an HVAC system
US10/628,712 Abandoned US20050033707A1 (en) 2002-03-28 2003-07-28 Configurable architecture for controlling delivery and/or usage of a commodity
US11/588,010 Expired - Lifetime US7343226B2 (en) 2002-03-28 2006-10-26 System and method of controlling an HVAC system
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US10/628,504 Active 2025-12-24 US7379997B2 (en) 2002-03-28 2003-07-28 System and method of controlling delivery and/or usage of a commodity
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US20040133314A1 (en) 2004-07-08
US20070043477A1 (en) 2007-02-22
EP1490941A4 (en) 2007-01-10
US7343226B2 (en) 2008-03-11
US20090157529A1 (en) 2009-06-18
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WO2003084022A1 (en) 2003-10-09
KR20040108694A (ko) 2004-12-24
US20040117330A1 (en) 2004-06-17
US7949615B2 (en) 2011-05-24
EP1490941A1 (en) 2004-12-29
US7516106B2 (en) 2009-04-07
US7418428B2 (en) 2008-08-26
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AU2003218484A1 (en) 2003-10-13
US20040138981A1 (en) 2004-07-15
US7130719B2 (en) 2006-10-31
US7379997B2 (en) 2008-05-27
US20040139038A1 (en) 2004-07-15
CN1656661A (zh) 2005-08-17
WO2003084022B1 (en) 2004-05-06

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