TWI772754B - 經由分佈式輸入分佈式輸出技術於無線蜂窩系統中用於利用小區間多工增益之系統及方法 - Google Patents

經由分佈式輸入分佈式輸出技術於無線蜂窩系統中用於利用小區間多工增益之系統及方法 Download PDF

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TWI772754B
TWI772754B TW109105764A TW109105764A TWI772754B TW I772754 B TWI772754 B TW I772754B TW 109105764 A TW109105764 A TW 109105764A TW 109105764 A TW109105764 A TW 109105764A TW I772754 B TWI772754 B TW I772754B
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安東尼奧 佛倫沙
史蒂芬 G 波爾曼
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美商李爾登公司
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0231Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions
    • H04W28/0236Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions radio quality, e.g. interference, losses or delay
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/022Site diversity; Macro-diversity
    • H04B7/024Co-operative use of antennas of several sites, e.g. in co-ordinated multipoint or co-operative multiple-input multiple-output [MIMO] systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0417Feedback systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0636Feedback format
    • H04B7/0639Using selective indices, e.g. of a codebook, e.g. pre-distortion matrix index [PMI] or for beam selection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0452Multi-user MIMO systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621Feedback content
    • H04B7/063Parameters other than those covered in groups H04B7/0623 - H04B7/0634, e.g. channel matrix rank or transmit mode selection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621Feedback content
    • H04B7/0632Channel quality parameters, e.g. channel quality indicator [CQI]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04JMULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J11/00Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codes
    • H04J11/0023Interference mitigation or co-ordination
    • H04J11/005Interference mitigation or co-ordination of intercell interference
    • H04J11/0053Interference mitigation or co-ordination of intercell interference using co-ordinated multipoint transmission/reception

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  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
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Abstract

本發明描述用於在具有多使用者(MU)傳輸之一多天線系統(MAS) (「MU-MAS」)中利用小區間干擾以達成多工增益之系統及方法。舉例而言,一項實施例之一MU-MAS包括一無線蜂窩網路,該無線蜂窩網路具有協作操作以消除小區間干擾且增加利用小區間多工增益之網路容量之多個分佈式天線。

Description

經由分佈式輸入分佈式輸出技術於無線蜂窩系統中用於利用小區間多工增益之系統及方法
在過去的三十年中,無線蜂窩市場已經歷全球增加數目之使用者以及對於由語音轉移至網頁瀏覽及即時HD視訊串流之更好服務之需求。此對於需要更高資料速率、更低延時、及經改良之可靠性之服務之逐漸增加之需求已驅動無線技術通過不同標準之一根本演進。從20世紀80年代早期之第一代類比AMPS及TACS (用於語音服務)至20世紀90年代之2G及2.5G數位GSM、IS-95及GPRS (用於語音及資料服務)至21世紀早期之具有UMTS及CDMA2000之3G (用於網頁瀏覽)及最後當前在全球不同國家內在部署下之長期演進(LTE)(用於高速網際網路連接)。 長期演進(LTE)係由第三代合作夥伴計劃(3GPP)針對第四代(4G)無線蜂窩系統而開發之標準。LTE可藉由經由多輸入多輸出(MIMO)技術而利用無線頻道之空間組件以在下行鏈路頻譜效率中優於先前3G及HSPA+標準達成高達4×之改良。LTE升級版係LTE之演進,其當前在標準化中且將實現在頻譜效率中優於3G標準系統高達8×之增加。 雖然有此技術演進,但歸因於提高智慧型手機及機台之市場滲透,提供像即時HD視訊串流、視訊會議及遊戲之更多需要大量資料之應用,極有可能在以後三年內無線載波將無法滿足對於資料速率之增長之需求。據估計,歸因於諸如LTE之經改良技術以及政府使更多頻譜可用[25],無線網路之容量在歐洲自2011年至2015年將增長5×。舉例而言,FCC計劃到2020年使500 MHz之頻譜可用(其中到2015年300 MHz將可用)以促進整個美國之無線網際網路連接作為國家寬頻計劃[24]之部分。不幸地,在歐洲對於到2015年之容量使用之預測係2011年之23倍[25],且預期到2014年在美國發生類似頻譜欠缺[26-27]。由於此資料危機,對於無線載波之收益將降低至其等之CAPEX及OPEX之下且具有對無線市場之潛在破壞性影響[28]。 由於由LTE部署提供之容量增益及增加之頻譜可用性不足,因此防止此即將來臨之頻譜危機之唯一可預測解決方案係促進新無線技術[29]。LTE升級版(LTE標準之演進)透過更複雜之MIMO技術且藉由增加「小型小區」之密度而承諾優於LTE之額外增益[30]。然而,對於可適合一特定區域而不招致干擾問題或增加回載之複雜性以容許跨小區之協調之小區之數目存在限制。
相關申請案之交叉參考 本申請案主張2012年11月26日申請之名為「Systems And Methods For Exploiting Inter-Cell Multiplexing Gain In Wireless Cellular Systems Via Distributed Input Distributed Output Technology」之同在申請中之美國臨時申請案第61/729,990號之權益,該案已讓與給本申請案之受讓人。此申請案之全文以引用的方式併入本文中。相關申請案 本申請案可係關於以下同在申請中之美國專利申請案: 名為「System and Methods for planned evolution and obsolescence of multiuser spectrum」之美國申請案第13/233,006號 名為「Systems and Methods to Exploit Areas of Coherence in Wireless Systems」之美國申請案第13/232,996號 名為「System and Methods to Compensate for Doppler Effects in Distributed-Input Distributed Output Systems」之美國申請案第13/464,648號 2013年9月24日頒予之名為「Systems And Methods To Coordinate Transmissions In Distributed Wireless Systems Via User Clustering」之美國專利第8,542,763號 名為「Interference Management, Handoff, Power Control And Link Adaptation In Distributed-Input Distributed-Output (DIDO) Communication Systems」之美國申請案第12/802,988號 2012年5月1日頒予之名為「System And Method For Adjusting DIDO Interference Cancellation Based On Signal Strength Measurements」之美國專利第8,170,081號 名為「System And Method For Managing Inter-Cluster Handoff Of Clients Which Traverse Multiple DIDO Clusters」之美國申請案第12/802,974號 名為「System And Method For Managing Handoff Of A Client Between Different Distributed-Input-Distributed-Output (DIDO) Networks Based On Detected Velocity Of The Client」之美國申請案第12/802,989號 名為「System And Method For Power Control And Antenna Grouping In A Distributed-Input-Distributed-Output (DIDO) Network」之美國申請案第12/802,958號 名為「System And Method For Link adaptation In DIDO Multicarrier Systems」之美國申請案第12/802,975號 2013年10月29日頒予之名為「System And Method For DIDO Precoding Interpolation In Multicarrier Systems」之美國專利第8,571,086號 名為「System and Method For Distributed Antenna Wireless Communications」之美國申請案第12/630,627號 2009年10月6日頒予之名為「System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication」之美國專利第7,599,420號; 2009年12月15日頒予之名為「System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication」之美國專利第7,633,994號; 2009年12月22日頒予之名為「System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication」之美國專利第7,636,381號; 2012年4月17日頒予之名為「System and Method For Distributed Input-Distributed Output Wireless Communications」之美國專利第8,160,121號; 2010年5月4日頒予之名為「System and Method For Spatial-Multiplexed Tropospheric Scatter Communications」之美國專利第7,711,030號; 2008年8月26日頒予之名為「System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication」之美國專利第7,418,053號; 2011年2月8日頒予之名為「System and Method For Enhancing Near Vertical Incidence Skywave (「NVIS」) Communication Using Space-Time Coding.」之美國專利第7,885,354號。 克服許多上文之先前技術限制之一解決方案係分佈式輸入分佈式輸出(DIDO)技術之一實施例。在以下專利及專利申請案中描述DIDO技術,該等專利及專利申請案都已讓與給本發明之受讓人且以引用的方式併入。有時將此等專利及申請案統稱為「相關專利及申請案」。 名為「System and Methods for planned evolution and obsolescence of multiuser spectrum」之美國申請案第13/233,006號 名為「Systems and Methods to Exploit Areas of Coherence in Wireless Systems」之美國申請案第13/232,996號 名為「Systems and Methods to Enhance Spatial Diversity in Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Systems.」之美國申請案第13/475,598號 名為「System and Methods to Compensate for Doppler Effects in Distributed-Input Distributed Output Systems.」之美國申請案第13/464,648號 2013年9月24日頒予之名為「Systems And Methods To Coordinate Transmissions In Distributed Wireless Systems Via User Clustering」之美國專利第8,542,763號 名為「Interference Management, Handoff, Power Control And Link Adaptation In Distributed-Input Distributed-Output (DIDO) Communication Systems」之美國申請案第12/802,988號 2012年5月1日頒予之名為「System And Method For Adjusting DIDO Interference Cancellation Based On Signal Strength Measurements」之美國專利第8,170,081號 名為「System And Method For Managing Inter-Cluster Handoff Of Clients Which Traverse Multiple DIDO Clusters」之美國申請案第12/802,974號 名為「System And Method For Managing Handoff Of A Client Between Different Distributed-Input-Distributed-Output (DIDO) Networks Based On Detected Velocity Of The Client」之美國申請案第12/802,989號 名為「System And Method For Power Control And Antenna Grouping In A Distributed-Input-Distributed-Output (DIDO) Network」之美國申請案第12/802,958號 名為「System And Method For Link adaptation In DIDO Multicarrier Systems」之美國申請案第12/802,975號 2013年10月29日頒予之名為「System And Method For DIDO Precoding Interpolation In Multicarrier Systems」之美國專利第8,571,086號 名為「System and Method For Distributed Antenna Wireless Communications」之美國申請案第12/630,627號 2009年10月6日頒予之名為「System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication」之美國專利第7,599,420號; 2009年12月15日頒予之名為「System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication」之美國專利第7,633,994號; 2009年12月22日頒予之名為「System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication」之美國專利第7,636,381號; 2012年4月17日頒予之名為「System and Method For Distributed Input-Distributed Output Wireless Communications」之美國專利第8,160,121號; 2010年5月4日頒予之名為「System and Method For Spatial-Multiplexed Tropospheric Scatter Communications」之美國專利第7,711,030號; 2008年8月26日頒予之名為「System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication」之美國專利第7,418,053號; 2011年2月8日頒予之名為「System and Method For Enhancing Near Vertical Incidence Skywave (「NVIS」) Communication Using Space-Time Coding.」之美國專利第7,885,354號 爲了減小本專利申請案之大小及複雜性,未在下文中明確提出一些相關專利及申請案之揭示內容。爲了本發明之一全面描述請看相關專利及申請案。 將提供經由無線鏈路之頻譜效率之若干數量級之增加而無習用蜂窩系統之限制之一有前途技術係分佈式輸入分佈式輸出(DIDO)技術(見上文[0002-0020]中參考之相關專利及申請案)。本發明描述在蜂窩系統之背景中採用以提供優於習用無線系統之顯著效能益處之DIDO技術(諸如LTE或LTE升級版)(兩者都在或不在蜂窩標準之約束內)。吾等以對MIMO之一概述開始且檢視由LTE及LTE升級版採用之不同空間處理技術。接著吾等展示相較於先前技術方法本發明如何提供用於下一代無線通信系統之顯著容量增益。 MIMO在無線鏈路之傳輸器及接收器側採用多個天線且使用空間處理以經由分集技術而改良鏈路可靠性(即,分集增益)或經由多工方案而提供更高資料速率(即,多工增益) [1-2]。分集增益係對信號衰減之經增強之穩健性之一度量,導致用於固定資料速率之更高信雜比(SNR)。藉由利用無線頻道之額外空間自由度而獲得多工增益以針對固定錯誤機率增加資料速率。在[3-4]中描述MIMO系統中之分集與多工之間之基本取捨。 在實際MIMO系統中,可使用鏈路調適技術以基於傳播條件在分集與多工方案之間動態切換[20-23]。舉例而言,在[22-23]中描述之鏈路調適方案展示波束成形或正交空時區塊碼(OSTBC)在低SNR體系或特徵為低空間選擇性之頻道中係較佳方案。相比之下,空間多工可針對具有高SNR及高空間選擇性之頻道提供資料速率之顯著增益。舉例而言,圖1展示可將小區劃分成兩個區域:i)一多工區域101,其特徵為高SNR (歸因於接近小區塔或基地台),其中可經由空間多工而利用頻道之空間自由度以增加資料速率;ii)一分集區域或小區邊緣102,其中空間多工技術非同樣有效且分集方法可用於改良SNR及涵蓋(僅產生資料速率中之略微增加)。注意圖1中之大型小區圓將圓之陰影中心標記為「多工區域」101且將圓之非陰影外區域標記為「分集區域」102。此相同區域名稱用於整個圖1至圖4,其中陰影區域係「多工區域」且非陰影區域係「分集區域」,即使其等未經標記。 LTE (版本8)及LTE升級版(版本10)標準定義包含分集或多工方案之一組十個傳輸模式(TM)[35、85-86]: ● 模式1:單一天線埠,埠0 ● 模式2:傳輸分集 ● 模式3:大延遲循環延遲分集(CDD),用於單一使用者MIMO (SU-MIMO)之開環空間多工之延伸 ● 模式4:用於SU-MIMO之閉環空間多工 ● 模式5:多使用者MIMO (MU-MIMO) ● 模式6:閉環空間多工,使用一單一傳輸層 ● 模式7:單一天線埠,UE特定RS (埠5) ● 模式8:具有UE特定RS (埠7及/或8)之單一或雙層傳輸 ● 模式9:單一或高達八層閉環SU-MIMO (在版本10中添加) ● 模式10:多層閉環SU-MIMO,高達八層(在版本10中添加) 此後,吾等描述通常用於蜂窩系統中之分集及多工方案以及LTE中採用之特定方法,如上文中所概述,且比較其等與DIDO通信專屬之技術。吾等首先識別兩種類型之傳輸方法:i)小區內方法(在蜂窩系統中利用微型分集),其使用多個天線以改良一小區內之鏈路穩定性或資料速率;ii)小區間方法(利用大型分集),其容許小區之間之協作以提供額外分集或多工增益。接著吾等描述本發明如何提供優於先前技術之顯著優勢(包含頻譜容量增益)。1. 小區內分集方法 小區內分集方法在一小區內操作且經設計以在具有差鏈路品質(例如,在小區邊緣之使用者遭受來自中心塔或基地台之高路徑損耗)之情況中增加SNR。MIMO通信中採用之典型分集方案係波束成形[5-11]及正交空時區塊碼(OSTBC)[12-15]。 由LTE標準支援之分集技術係傳輸分集、閉環等級1預編碼及專用波束成形[31-35]。傳輸分集方案支援下行鏈路(DL)上之兩個或四個傳輸天線且關於上行鏈路(UL)僅兩個天線。在DL頻道中,經由空頻區塊碼(SFBC)組合頻率切換傳輸分集(FSTD)而實施以利用空間以及頻率選擇性[31]。等級1預編碼基於自一碼本(使用有限回饋技術預設計[36-42])選擇之量化權重建立一專用波束至一使用者以減小自使用者設備(UE)至基地收發台(BTS或使用LTE術語之eNodeB)之回饋附加項。替代地,可基於UE特定參考信號計算專用波束成形權重。2. 小區內多工方法 MIMO多工方案[1、19]在高SNR體系中及具有頻道內之足夠空間自由度之情況中(例如,具有高空間選擇性之豐富多路徑環境[16-18])提供資料速率之增益以支援無線鏈路上之多個並列資料串流。 LTE標準支援用於單一使用者MIMO (SU-MIMO)及多使用者MIMO (MU-MIMO)之不同多工技術[31]。SU-MIMO方案具有兩個操作模式:i)閉環,其利用來自UE之回饋資訊以選擇DL預編碼權重;ii)開環,其在來自UE之回饋不可用或UE移動太快而無法支援閉環方案時使用。閉環方案使用自一碼本選擇之一組預計算權重。取決於UE請求及在BTS處之排程器之決定,此等權重可支援兩個或四個傳輸天線以及一至四個並列資料串流(由預編碼矩陣之層之數目識別)。LTE升級版將包含高達MIMO 8×8之新傳輸模式以經由空間處理而提供頻譜效率之高達八倍之增加[62]。 針對UL及DL頻道兩者定義MU-MIMO方案[31、50]。在UL中,各個UE發送一參考信號至BTS (由Zadoff-Chu序列之循環轉移版本組成[33])。此等參考信號正交,使得BTS可經由空間處理而估計來自所有UE之頻道且同時調變來自多個UE之資料串流。在DL中,基於來自UE及排程器之回饋自碼本選擇關於不同UE之預編碼權重(類似於閉環SU-MIMO方案)且關於各個UE僅容許等級1預編碼(例如,各個UE僅接收一資料串流)。 採用空間處理之小區內多工技術僅在特徵為高SNR (或SINR)及高空間選擇性(豐富多路徑環境)之傳播情況中提供滿意效能。對於習用大型小區,此等條件可更難達成,因為BTS通常遠離UE且SINR之分佈通常在低值處居中[43]。在此等情況中,MU-MIMO方案或分集技術可係比具有空間多工之SU-MIMO更好的選擇。 由LTE升級版預期以達成額外多工增益(不需要透過MIMO之空間處理)之其他技術及網路解決方案係:載波聚合(CA)及小型小區。CA[30、44-47]組合RF頻譜之不同部分以增加信號頻寬高達100 MHz [85],藉此產生更高資料速率。頻帶內CA組合頻譜之相同部分內之不同頻帶。如此一來,其可使用用於多個頻道之相同RF鏈且在軟體中重組合多個資料串流。頻帶內CA需要不同RF鏈以在頻譜之不同部分處操作以及信號處理以重組合來自不同頻帶之多個資料串流。 小型小區之關鍵理念[30、47]係減小習用大型小區之大小,藉此容許更高小區密度及每涵蓋區域之更大輸送量。相對於用於大型小區之高且昂貴之小區塔,小型小區通常係透過具有低功率傳輸之便宜存取點來部署(如圖1中所描繪)。在LTE升級版中定義兩種類型之小型小區:i)城域小區(metrocell),其係用於城市區域中之戶外安裝且支援32至64個同時使用者;及ii)超微型小區,其係用於戶內使用且可服務至多4個活躍使用者。小型小區之一優勢係接近BTS之UE之密度係統計上更高,產生可經由空間多工利用以增加資料速率之更好SNR。然而,仍存在關於小型小區之實際部署之許多擔心,尤其關於回載。事實上,經由高速有線連接而到達各個小型小區之BTS可係挑戰性的,尤其考慮到在一給定涵蓋區域內之城域小區及超微型小區之高密度。雖然通常可便宜地實施使用至小型小區之視線(LOS)回載,但相較於有線回載,通常不存在較佳小型小區BTS放置可用之實際LOS回載路徑,且不存在對於至小型小區BTS之非視線(NLOS)無線回載之一般解決方案。最後,小型小區需要跨BTS之複雜即時協調以避免如在自組織網路(SON)中之干擾[30、51-52]及需要複雜小區計劃工具(歸因於小型小區之更高密度,甚至比習用蜂窩系統更複雜)中以計劃其等之最佳位置[48、49]。 通常可展示不存在使小型小區能夠與大型小區共同存在且達成最佳或必要地甚至經改良之輸送量之實際一般解決方案。在無數個此等未解決情況中的有何時定位小型小區使得其UE不可避免地與一大型小區傳輸重疊且小型小區及大型小區使用相同頻率以到達其等各自UE。在此情況中清晰地,大型小區傳輸將干擾小型小區傳輸。雖然可存在減輕關於一特定大型小區、一特定小型小區、所涉及之特定大型小區及小型小區UE、此等UE之輸送量要求及環境情況等之特定情況之此干擾之某一方法,但任何此方法將不僅高度特定於大型小區及小型小區之靜態計劃,而且高度特定於一特定時間間隔之動態情況。通常而言,無法達成至各個UE之頻道之全輸送量。3. 小區間分集方法 小區間傳輸技術實現跨BTS之協作以改良無線網路之效能。此等技術係在相關專利及申請案[0002-0020]中教示以在用於都同時使用相同頻率之多個UE之分佈式天線網路之一般情況中實現跨無線收發器之協作之方法之一特殊情況。在[53]中描述跨BTS之協作以移除關於用於在一給定時間在一給定頻率處之一單一UE之蜂窩系統之特定情況之小區間干擾。在[53]中之系統將各個大型小區分成多個子小區且藉由採用來自經協調之BTS之專用波束成形而實現跨子小區之軟交遞以改良在一單一UE在一單一頻率處之鏈路穩健性(隨著其沿著子小區邊界移動)。 更近來,已在MIMO文獻中將此類別之協作無線蜂窩網路定義為「網路MIMO」或「協調多點」(CoMP)系統。在[54-61]中呈現關於藉由消除小區間干擾而在網路MIMO中獲得之益處之理論分析及模擬結果。網路MIMO及CoMP之關鍵優勢係移除在圖2中展示之小區之重疊區域201至203中之小區間干擾。 CoMP網路主動變成LTE升級版標準之部分作為減輕下一代蜂窩網路中之小區間干擾之一解決方案[62-64]。至今已在該標準中已提出以下兩個CoMP解決方案以移除小區間干擾:i)協調排程/波束成形(CS/CB),其中實現UE經由波束成形及跨BTS之協調而自僅一BTS接收其資料串流以經由波束成形或排程技術而移除干擾;ii)聯合處理(JP),其中自多個BTS聯合傳輸關於給定UE之資料以改良經接收之信號品質且消除小區間干擾。CoMP-JP以回載中之更高附加項為代價產生大於CoMP-CS/CB之增益以實現跨BTS之協調。4. 小區間多工方法 先前技術多使用者無線系統添加複雜性且引入限制至無線網路,其導致其中一給定使用者之體驗(例如,可用輸送量、延時、可預測性、可靠性)受在區域中之其他使用者之頻譜利用影響之一情況。鑒於對於由多個使用者共用之無線頻譜內之聚合輸送量之逐漸增加之需求,及可依靠對於一給定使用者之多使用者無線網路可靠性、可預測性及低延時之應用之逐漸增加之增長,先前技術多使用者無線技術遭受許多限制顯而易見。確實,由於適合於特定類型之無線通信(例如,在有效穿透建築物牆之波長處)之頻譜之有限可用性,先前技術無線技術將不足以滿足對於可靠、可預測、低延時之頻寬之逐漸增加之需求。 先前技術小區內分集及多工方法對於LTE可僅提供相比於當前蜂窩網路之輸送量之高達一理論4×增加(透過MIMO 4×4)或對於LTE升級版可僅提供至多一理論8×增加(透過MIMO 8×8),雖然MIMO之更高階數達成在一給定多路徑環境中之增加之輸送量之縮減之改良,尤其隨著UE (諸如智慧型手機)在天線放置方面變得更小且更約束。可自經由載波聚合技術而利用之額外頻譜分配(例如,FCC國家寬頻計劃)及經由小型小區網路及SON之BTS之更密集分佈獲得在下一代蜂窩系統中之其他略微輸送量增益[30、46]。然而,所有上述技術仍嚴重依靠頻譜或時間共用技術以實現多使用者傳輸,因為由空間處理獲得之頻譜效率增益有限。 雖然先前技術小區間方法(例如,網路MIMO及CoMP系統[53-64])可藉由消除小區間干擾而改良蜂窩網路之可靠性,但其等容量增益僅係略微的。事實上,該等系統約束自各個BTS傳輸之功率以將其封圍於蜂窩邊界內且歸因於跨小區之功率洩漏僅有效消除小區間干擾。圖2展示具有三個BTS 210-212 (各者特徵為其自身涵蓋區域或小區)之蜂窩網路之一實例。自各個BTS 210-212傳輸之功率經約束以限制跨小區之干擾之量,在圖2中藉由其中小區重疊之區域描繪。由於此等系統在干擾區域處在低SINR體系內操作,所以該等系統在頻譜效率中之增益僅係略微的,類似於用於SU-MIMO之小區內方案。爲了在小區間協作網路內確實獲得顯著容量增益,必須放寬限於小區邊界之功率約束且應貫穿其中SINR高之小區(並非如在先前技術方法中僅在具有差SINP效能之小區邊緣處)啟用空間多工技術。 因此可期望提供藉由移除對自經分佈式BTS傳輸之功率之任何約束且經由空間處理而利用小區間多工增益以達成頻譜效率之若干數量級增加之一系統。圖3展示其中自都同時在相同頻率處傳輸之三個BTS 301-303傳輸之功率經增加,藉此容許貫穿小區之一更高位準之干擾之情況。在先前技術系統中,此干擾將導致貫穿BTS之干擾區域之非同調干擾(擾亂UE信號接收),但實際上在本發明之實施例中透過使用空間處理之新穎小區間多工方法而利用此干擾以建立圍繞各個UE之同調干擾(增強UE信號接收)之區域,藉此將同時非干擾資料串流提供至各個UE且增加其等貫穿小區之SINR。 在本發明之一例示性實施例中,透過分佈式輸入分佈式輸出(DIDO)系統達成此小區間多工增益[0014-0020]及[77-78]。圖4展示其中添加許多額外存取點401以故意增加貫穿小區之非同調干擾之位準之一實例,該非同調干擾之位準在本發明中經利用以產生圍繞UE之同調干擾之區域且產生小區間多工增益。此等額外BTS可係類似於便宜的Wi-Fi存取點之低功率收發器,藉此如圖4中所示提供貫穿大型小區之涵蓋重疊之更小區域。 吾等觀察到先前技術小區間方法藉由故意限制來自如圖2中之各個BTS 210-212之傳輸功率而避免非同調干擾 且經由空間處理而消除殘餘小區間干擾(在小區之間之重疊區域上),藉此提供經改良之SINR及小區間分集增益 。相比之下,本發明藉由自各個BTS傳輸更高功率而利用非同調干擾 以建立圍繞UE之同調干擾,藉此改良係經由空間處理而獲得貫穿小區之小區間多工增益 之必要條件之在UE處之信號品質。如此一來,在先前技術中描述之系統不可用於經由空間處理而達成小區間多工增益,因為不存在貫穿小區之足夠信號品質(歸因於來自BTS之有限傳輸功率)來達成如本發明中之小區間多工方法。此外,在先前技術中描述之系統將無法操作以達成在圖3-4中描繪之本發明中達成之多工增益,鑒於先前技術系統經設計以避免在圖1-4之陰影區域中展示之分集區域內之小區間干擾而非如本發明中達成之在多工區域中利用小區間干擾以獲得小區間多工增益。 本發明之實施例包含經由空間處理,採用具有多使用者(MU)傳輸之一多天線系統(MAS)(一多使用者多天線系統或「MU-MAS」)而在無線通信網路中利用小區間多工增益之一系統及方法。在本發明之一實施例中,約束自多個天線傳輸之功率以最小化在小區邊界處之干擾(如在習用蜂窩系統中)且僅採用空間處理方法以消除小區間干擾。在本發明之另一實施例中,未將自多個天線傳輸之功率約束至任何特定功率位準(只要其等功率發射位準在管理或安全限制內),藉此故意建立經利用以達成小區間多工增益且增加無線通信網路之容量之貫穿小區之更高位準之小區間干擾。 在一實施例中,無線通信網路係如圖1至圖2中之一蜂窩網路,諸如基於LTE標準之一蜂窩網路。在本發明之另一實施例中,未將無線通信網路約束至任何特定小區布局且小區邊界可如圖3至圖4中延伸至更大區域。舉例而言,無線通信網路可係一無線區域網路(WLAN)、或一網狀網路、臨機操作網路或感測器網路、或一分佈式天線系統或具有偶然放置之存取點而無任何傳輸功率約束之一DIDO系統。但不應將此等例示性網路結構視為限制本發明至無線通信網路之一般應用性。本發明可應用至其中藉由自多個天線傳輸在由多個UE接收之處干擾之信號以便建立至多個UE之同時非干擾資料串流而達成多工增益之任何無線網路。 如圖9中所繪示,MU-MAS之一實施例由一集中式處理器901、一基地台網路(BSN) 902及無線通信至亦稱為使用者設備UE (繪示為UE 1-4)之N個用戶端裝置之M個基地收發台(BTS) 903組成。集中式處理器單元901經由一網路900 (例如,網際網路)接收具有送往不同用戶端裝置UE 1-4之不同網路內容C1-5 (例如,自網路伺服器或其他網路資源流式傳輸之視訊、網頁、視訊遊戲、文字、語音等)之N個資訊串流。此後,吾等使用術語「資訊串流」以指經由網路900發送之含有可根據特定調製/編碼方案或協定作為一獨立串流經解調變或解碼以產生包含(但不限於)音訊、網路及視訊內容之任何資料之資訊之任何資料串流。在一實施例中,資訊串流係載送可作為一獨立串流經解調變或解碼之網路內容之位元之一序列。 集中式處理器901利用預編碼變換以組合(根據演算法,諸如在相關專利及申請案中所描述之該等演算法)來自網路內容之N個資訊串流成M個位元串流。藉由實例(但非限制),預編碼變換可係線性(例如,強制歸零[65]、區塊對角化[66-67]、矩陣求逆等)或非線性(例如,臟紙編碼[68-70]或湯姆林森哈拉希瑪預編碼[71-72]、晶格技術或格子預編碼[73-74]、向量擾動技術[75-76])。此後,吾等使用術語「位元串流」以指未必含有資訊之任何有用位元且如此一來無法作為一獨立串流經解調變或解碼以擷取網路內容之位元之任何序列。在本發明之一實施例中,位元串流係由集中式處理器產生且經由待發送至M個收發台之一者之給定數目個位元而經量化之複雜基頻帶信號。 在一實施例中,MAS係如相關專利及專利申請案中描述之一分佈式輸入分佈式輸出(DIDO)系統。在此實施例中,DIDO系統由以下各項組成: ●使用者設備 (UE) 1-4 :其係用於固定或行動用戶端經由下行鏈路(DL)頻道自DIDO回載接收資料串流且經由上行鏈路(UL)頻道而傳輸資料至DIDO回載之一RF收發器。 ●基地收發 (BTS) 903 :BTS介接DIDO回載與無線頻道。一實施例之BTS係由DAC/ADC及射頻(RF)鏈組成以將基頻帶信號轉換至RF之存取點。在一些情況中,BTS係配備有功率放大器/天線之一簡單RF收發器且如在相關專利及申請案中所描述經由光纖上RF技術將RF信號載送至BTS。 ●控制器 (CTR) 905 :一CTR 905係針對諸如傳輸用於BTS及/或UE之時間/頻率同步之訓練信號、自UE接收控制資訊/傳輸控制資訊至UE、自UE接收頻道狀態資訊(CSI)或頻道品質資訊之特定專門特徵設計之一特定類型之BTS。可在任何DIDO系統中包含一或多個CTR台。當多個CTR可用時,可組合去往或來自該等台之資訊以增加分集且改良鏈路品質。在一實施例中,經由最大比組合(MRC)技術自多個CTR接收CSI以改良CSI解調變。在另一實施例中,經由最大比傳輸(MRT)自多個CTR發送控制資訊以改良在接收器側之SNR。本發明之範疇未限於MRC或MRT,可採用任何其他分集技術(諸如天線選擇等)以改良CTR與UE之間之無線鏈路。 ●集中式處理器 (CP) 901 :CP係介接網際網路或其他類型之外部網路與DIDO回載之一DIDO伺服器。在一實施例中,CP計算DIDO基頻帶處理且發送波形至分佈式BTS用於DL傳輸。 ●基地台網路 (BSN) 902 :BSN係將CP連接至分佈式BTS之載送關於DL或UL頻道之資訊之網路。BSN係一有線或一無線網路或兩者之一組合。舉例而言,BSN係一DSL、電纜、光纖網路或視線(LOS)或非視線(NLOS)無線鏈路。此外,BSN係一專屬網路、一區域網路或網際網路。 此後,吾等描述上文之DIDO系統架構可如何併入至關於蜂窩系統之LTE標準(以及利用LTE協定之非蜂窩系統)以達成頻譜效率之額外增益。吾等以DL及UL頻道中採用之LTE架構及調變技術之一總體概述開始。接著吾等提供在LTE標準中之實體層訊框結構及資源分配之一簡要描述。最後,吾等定義在使用LTE架構之多使用者情況中用於下行鏈路(DL)及上行鏈路(UL)頻道之DIDO預編碼方法。關於DL方案,吾等提出兩個解決方案:開環及閉環DIDO方案。 LTE經設計具有一平坦網路架構(相對於來自先前蜂窩標準之一分層架構)以提供:經減小之延時、經由ARQ之經減小之封包損失、經減小之呼叫設置時間、經由大型分集之經改良之涵蓋及輸送量。在圖5中描繪之LTE網路中之網路元件係[79]: ●GW (閘道器) 501-502:其係將LTE網路連接至外部網路(即,網際網路)之路由器。GW被分成端接E-UTRAN介面之伺服閘道器(S-GW ) 502及係與外部網路之介面之PDN閘道器(P-GW ) 501。S-GW 502及P-GW 501係所謂演進封包核心(EPC)之部分; ●MME (行動管理實體) 503:其管理行動性、安全參數及UE識別碼。MME 503亦係LTE EPC之部分; ●eNodeB (增強節點B) 504:其係處置無線電資源管理、使用者行動性及排程之基地台;及 ●UE (使用者設備) 505:係行動台。 在本發明之一實施例中,LTE網路係其中DIDO-UE係LTE網路中之UE,DIDO-BTS係LTE eNodeB,DIDO-CTR係LTE eNodeB或MME,DIDO-CP係LTE GW之一DIDO網路。 LTE訊框具有10毫秒之持續時間且如圖6a至圖6c中所描繪由十個子訊框組成[33、80]。各個子訊框被分成持續時間各為0.5毫秒之兩個時槽。LTE標準定義兩種類型之訊框:i)如圖6a中之用於FDD操作之類型1,其中針對下行鏈路(DL)或上行鏈路(UL)頻道指派所有子訊框;ii)如圖6b中之用於TDD操作之類型2,其中指派子訊框之部分至DL且部分至UL (取決於經選擇之組態),然而保留若干子訊框以供「特殊使用」。每訊框至少存在一特殊子訊框且其由三個欄位組成:i)經保留用於DL傳輸之下行鏈路導頻時槽(DwPTS);ii)防護週期 (GP);iii)用於UL傳輸之上行鏈路導頻時槽(UpPTS)。 LTE採用正交分頻多工(OFDM)及用於DL之正交分頻多重存取(OFMDA)調變及用於UL之單一載波FDMA (SC-FDMA)。「資源元素」(RE)係LTE中最小之調變結構且由頻率上之一OFDM副載波及時間上之一OFDM符號持續時間組成,如圖7中所示。「資源區塊」(RB)由頻率上之12個副載波及時間上之一0.5毫秒時槽組成(取決於DL對UL頻道及循環首碼之類型,由3至7個OFDM符號週期組成)。1.     LTE 中之下行鏈路閉環 DIDO DIDO閉環方案可用於分時雙工(TDD)或分頻雙工(FDD)系統中。在FDD系統中,DL及UL頻道在不同頻率處操作且因此DL頻道狀態資訊(CSI)必須在UE側經估計且經由UL頻道而透過BTS或CTR經報告回至CP。在TDD系統中,DL及UL頻道係設定在相同頻率處且系統可採用利用頻道互反性之閉環技術或開環方案(如在以下部分中所述)。閉環方案之主要優勢係其等需要回饋,導致關於經由UL之控制資訊之更大附加項。 關於DIDO系統中之閉環方案之一機制之一實施例如下:i)BTS 903經由DL發送發信號資訊至UE;ii)UE利用該發信號資訊以估計來自所有「活躍BTS」之DL頻道狀態資訊(CSI);iii)UE量化DL CSI或使用碼本以選擇待用於下一傳輸之預編碼權重;iv)UE經由UL頻道發送經量化之CSI或碼本索引至BTS 903或CTR 905;v)BTS 903或CTR 905報告CSI資訊或碼本索引至計算用於經由DL之資料傳輸之預編碼權重之CP 901。「活躍BTS」經定義為由給定UE到達之BTS組。舉例而言,在相關同在申請中之名為「System And Method For Managing Inter-Cluster Handoff Of Clients Which Traverse Multiple DIDO Clusters」之美國申請案第12/802,974號及相關同在申請中之名為「Systems And Methods To Coordinate Transmissions In Distributed Wireless Systems Via User Clustering」之美國申請案第12/917,257號中,吾等定義「使用者叢集」為由給定UE到達之BTS組。活躍BTS之數目限制至一使用者叢集以便減小自BTS至給定UE之經估計之CSI之量,藉此減小UL上之回饋附加項及在CP 901處之DIDO預編碼計算之複雜性。1.1 LTE 標準內之下行鏈路 DIDO 發信號 LTE標準定義可用於閉環方案中之DL發信號之兩種類型之參考信號(RS)[33、50、82-83]:i)小區特定參考信號(CRS);ii)諸如頻道狀態資訊(CSI)參考信號(CSI-RS)及解調變RS (DM-RS)之UE特定RS。小區特定RS未經預編碼,然而UE特定RS經預編碼[50]。CRS用於採用在各個小區內具有高達四個天線之SU/MU-MIMO基於碼本之技術之LTE版本8。LTE升級版版本10支援具有高達八個傳輸天線之非基於碼本SU/MU-MIMO方案以及具有分佈於不同小區上之天線之CoMP方案。如此一來,版本10容許更多經由CSI-RS之靈活發信號方案。在本發明中,吾等描述各個類型之發信號方案可如何用於DIDO系統中以實現預編碼。1.1.1 使用 CRS DIDO 發信號 在LTE (版本8)系統中採用CRS以估計自BTS處之所有傳輸天線至UE之CSI[80、84]。CRS係作為二維正交序列及二維偽隨機數值(PRN)序列之乘積而獲得。存在三個正交及170個可能PRN序列,總共510個不同CRS序列。各個序列唯一識別一小區。在各個時槽之第一及最後第三個OFDM符號及各個第六個副載波內傳輸CRS。針對BTS之各個傳輸天線針對UE設計時間及頻率上之正交型樣以唯一估計來自四個天線之各者之CSI。故意設計在時間及頻率上之產生5%附加項之CRS之高密度(即,發送各個0.5毫秒之時槽及各個第六個副載波)以支援隨著時間及頻率具有快頻道變化之情況[83]。 在實際DIDO系統中,情況可係各個UE在其使用者叢集內見多於僅四個BTS。舉例而言,圖8展示針對在加利福尼亞舊金山市中心之DIDO系統之實際部署之一SNR分佈。傳播模組係基於3GPP路徑損耗/陰影模型[81]且假定900 MHz之一載波頻率。在圖中之點指示DIDO-BTS之位置,而黑圓表示使用者叢集(其中UE位於圓之中心處)。在人口稀少區域中,UE在其使用者叢集內僅見若干BTS (例如,對於圖8中之實例低至三個BTS),然而在人口密集區域中各個使用者叢集可如圖8中包括多至26個BTS。 可在DIDO系統中利用CRS之高冗餘以實現自大於四之任何數目個傳輸天線之CSI估計。舉例而言,若頻道係固定無線或特徵為低多普勒效應,則無需各0.5毫秒(時槽持續時間)自所有四個傳輸天線計算CSI。同樣,若頻道係頻率平坦,則各第六個副載波估計CSI係冗餘的。在此情況中,可針對DIDO系統中之其他傳輸天線或BTS重分配由冗餘CRS佔有之資源元素(RE)。在本發明之一實施例中,系統分配冗餘CRS之資源元素至DIDO系統中之額外天線或BTS。在另一實施例中,系統估計頻道之時間及頻率選擇性且針對不同BTS或僅在使用者叢集內之BTS動態分配CRS至不同資源元素。1.1.2 使用 CSI-RS DM-RS DIDO 發信號 在LTE升級版(版本10)標準中,由各個UE使用CSI-RS以估計來自BTS之CSI[33、83]。該標準針對BTS處之不同傳輸器定義正交CSI-RS使得UE可區分來自不同BTS之CSI。如在[33]中之表格6.10.5.2-1,2中由CSI-RS支援BTS處之高達八個傳輸天線。如在[33]中之表格6.10.5.3-1中以在5與80個副載波之間之範圍內之一週期性發送CSI-RS (即,各5至80毫秒發送CSI-RS)。故意設計LTE升級版中之CSI-RS之週期性大於LTE中之CRS以避免控制資訊之過度附加項,尤其對於無法使用此等額外資源之舊型LTE終端機。用於CSI估計之另一參考信號係解調變RS (DM-RS)。DM-RS係送往一特定UE且僅在經指派傳輸至UE之資源區塊中傳輸之一解調變參考信號。 當多於八個天線(由LTE升級版標準支援之最大數目個傳輸器)在使用者叢集內時,應採用替代技術以實現DIDO預編碼同時維持對LTE升級版標準之系統遵循。在本發明之一實施例中,各個UE使用CSI-RS或DM-RS或兩者之組合以估計來自其自身之使用者叢集中之所有活躍BTS之CSI。在該相同實施例中,DIDO系統偵測在使用者叢集內之BTS之數目及使用者叢集是否遵循LTE升級版標準(支援至多八個天線)。若未遵循,DIDO系統採用替代技術以實現自BTS至當前UE之DL發信號。在一實施例中,來自BTS之傳輸功率經減小直到在其使用者叢集內由UE可到達最多八個BTS。然而,此解決方案可導致資料速率之減小,因為涵蓋將減小。 另一解決方案係將使用者叢集中之BTS劃分成若干子集且一次針對各個子集發送一組CSI-RS。舉例而言,若如[33]中之表格6.10.5.3-1中CSI-RS週期係5個子訊框(即,5毫秒),各5毫秒自BTS之一新子集發送CSI-RS。注意只要CSI-RS週期足夠短以在UE之頻道同調時間(此係UE之多普勒速度之一函數)內涵蓋所有BTS子集,此解決方案可行。舉例而言,若經選擇之CSI-RS週期係5毫秒且頻道同調時間係100毫秒,則可定義各8個BTS之20個BTS子集,加總至使用者叢集內共160個BTS。在本發明之另一實施例中,DIDO系統估計UE之頻道同調時間且決定針對給定CSI-RS週期在使用者叢集內可支援多少個BTS以避免歸因於頻道變化及多普勒效應之降級。 迄今提出之對於CSI-RS之解決方案都遵循LTE標準且可部署在習用LTE系統之架構內。舉例而言,每使用者叢集容許多於八個天線之經提出之方法將不需要UE LTE硬體及軟體實施方案之修改,且僅需要用於BTS及CP處之協定之輕微修改以實現在任何給定時間之BTS子集之選擇。此等修改可在一基於雲端之軟體定義之無線電(SDR)平台中容易實施,此係對於DIDO系統之一有前途部署範例。替代地,可放寬LTE標準之約束且開發經輕微修改之針對LTE UE之硬體及軟體以支援類似但未遵循LTE之DIDO操作模式以便使UE能夠在完全遵循LTE之模式中或在支援未遵循LTE之DIDO操作之一經修改模式中操作。舉例而言,另一解決方案係增加CSI-RS之量以實現系統中之更高數目個BTS。在本發明之另一實施例中,容許不同CSI-RS型樣及週期作為增加每使用者叢集之經支援BTS之數目之一方法。對LTE標準之此等輕微修改可足夠小以至於可進行簡單軟體修改而使用現存LTE UE晶片集。或者,若晶片集需要硬體修改,則改變將係小的。1.2   LTE 標準內之上行鏈路 DIDO CSI 回饋方法 在LTE及LTE升級版標準中,UE將資訊回饋至BTS以通信其當前頻道條件以及對於DL頻道上之閉環傳輸之預編碼權重。在此等標準中包含三個不同頻道指示符[35]: ● 等級指示符(RI ):其指示多少個空間串流經傳輸至給定UE。此數目通常等於或小於傳輸天線之數目。 ● 預編碼矩陣指示符(PMI ):其係用於DL頻道上之預編碼之碼本之索引。 ● 頻道品質指示符(CQI ):其定義待在DL上使用之調變及前向糾錯(FEC)編碼方案以維持對於給定頻道條件之預定義之錯誤率效能。 針對整個頻寬僅報告一個RI,然而取決於頻道之頻率選擇性,PMI及CQI報告可係寬頻或按照子頻帶。經由兩種不同類型之實體頻道在UL中傳輸此等指示符:i)實體上行鏈路控制頻道(PUCCH ),其僅用於控制資訊;ii)實體上行鏈路共用頻道(PUSCH ),其用於在一資源區塊(RB)上且在一子訊框基礎上分配之資料及控制資訊兩者。在PUCCH上,報告RI、PMI及CQI之程序係週期的且指示符可係寬頻(針對頻率平坦頻道)或在一子頻帶基礎上經UE選擇(針對頻率選擇性頻道)。在PUSCH上,回饋程序係非週期的且可係在一子頻帶基礎上經UE選擇(針對頻率選擇性頻道)或係經更高層組態之子頻帶(例如,針對在LTE升級版中具有八個傳輸器之傳輸模式9)。 在本發明之一實施例中,DIDO系統採用RI、PMI及CQI以將其當前頻道條件以及預編碼資訊報告至BTS及CP。在一實施例中,UE使用PUCCH頻道以將該等指示符報告至CP。在另一實施例中,假如需要較大數目之指示符用於DIDO預編碼,則UE採用PUSCH以將額外指示符報告至CP。假如頻道係頻率平坦的,則UE可利用額外UL資源以報告關於DIDO系統中之較大數目個天線之PMI。在本發明之一實施例中,UE或BTS或CP估計頻道頻率選擇性且假如頻道係頻率平坦的,則UE利用額外UL資源以報告關於較大數目個BTS之PMI。2. LTE 中之下行鏈路開環 DIDO DIDO開環方案僅可用於利用頻道互反性之分時雙工(TDD)系統中。關於DIDO系統中之開環方案之一機制之一實施例如下:i)UE 1-4經由UL發送發信號資訊至BTS 903或CTR 905;ii)BTS 903或CTR 905利用該發信號資訊以估計來自所有UE 1-4之UL CSI;iii)BTS 903或CTR 905採用RF校準以將UL CSI轉換至DL CSI;iv)BTS 903或CTE 905經由BSN 902發送DL CSI或碼本索引至CP;v)基於該DL CSI,CP 901計算關於經由DL之資料傳輸之預編碼權重。類似於閉環DIDO方案,可採用使用者叢集以減小自UE在BTS處估計之CSI之量,藉此減小在BTS處之計算負擔以及UL上所需之發信號之量。在本發明之一實施例中,採用開環預編碼技術以經由DL頻道自BTS發送同時非干擾資料串流至UE。 在LTE中存在用於上行鏈路頻道之兩種類型之參考信號[31、33、87]:i)探測參考信號(SRS),其用於排程及鏈路調適;ii)解調變參考信號(DMRS),其用於資料接收。在本發明之一實施例中,在開環DIDO系統中採用SRS或DMRS以估計自所有UE至所有BTS之UL頻道。在時域中,在(0.5毫秒持續時間之)各個LTE時槽之第四個OFDM符號處(當使用一正常循環首碼時)發送DMRS。在頻域中,針對各個UE映射經由PUSCH發送之DMRS至由該UE用於UL資料傳輸之相同資源區塊(RB)。 DMRS之長度係MRS =mNRB ,其中m係RB之數目且NRB =12係每RB之副載波之數目。爲了支援多個UE,經由基序列之循環移位自一基本Zadoff-Chu[88]或電腦產生之恒幅零自相關(CG-CAZAC)序列產生若干DMRS。基序列經分成30個群組且相鄰LTE小區自不同群組選擇DMRS以減小小區間干擾。舉例而言,若一OFDM符號內之資源區塊之最大數目為110 (即,假定20 MHz之總信號頻寬),則可以產生高達110×30=3300個不同序列。 在本發明之一實施例中,DIDO系統分配UE至「虛擬小區」以最大化可用於UL中之SRS或DMRS之數目。在一例示性實施例中,虛擬小區係圍繞UE之同調區域(在相關同在申請中之名為「Systems and Methods to Exploit Areas of Coherence in Wireless Systems」之美國申請案第13/232,996號中所述)且DIDO系統產生高達3300個關於不同UE之同調區域。在本發明之另一實施例中,將30個基序列之各者分配至一不同DIDO叢集(在2012年5月1日頒予之名為「System And Method For Adjusting DIDO Interference Cancellation Based On Signal Strength Measurements」之相關美國專利第8,170,081號中定義叢集)以減小跨毗鄰DIDO叢集之叢集間干擾。在另一實施例中,根據特定跳頻型樣指派SRS或DMRS以利用頻道頻率分集。 假如不存在足夠用於經由DIDO預編碼在DL中同時伺服所有UE之正交SRS或DMRS,則一替代方案係在時域中多工不同UE之SRS或DMRS。舉例而言,將UE分成不同群組且經由(各0.5毫秒之持續時間之)連續時槽發送用於此等群組之SRS或DMRS。然而,在此情況中,有必要確保對於不同群組之SRS或DMRS分配之週期低於最快移動之UE之頻道同調時間。事實上,此係確保對於所有UE自經由SRS或DMRS估計CSI之時間至系統經由DIDO預編碼傳輸DL資料串流至UE之時間頻道不變化之必要條件。在本發明之一實施例中,系統將活躍UE分成若干群組且經由連續時槽分配相同組之SRS或DMRS至各個群組。在該相同實施例中,系統估計對於所有活躍UE之最短頻道同調時間且基於該資訊計算UE群組之最大數目以及SRS或DMRS時間多工之週期。3.LTE 中之上行鏈路 DIDO 技術 本發明之實施例經由UL頻道採用開環MU-MIMO方案以自所有UE接收同時UL資料串流至BTS。UL開環MU-MIMO方案之一實施例包含以下步驟:i)UE 1-4發送發信號資訊及資料有效負載至所有BTS 903;ii)BTS 903使用該發信號資訊計算來自所有UE之頻道估計;iii)BTS 903發送頻道估計及資料有效負載至CP 901;iv)CP 901使用頻道估計以經由空間濾波自所有UE之資料有效負載移除頻道間干擾且解調變來自所有UE之資料串流。在一實施例中,開環MU-MIMO系統採用單一載波分頻多重存取(SC-FDMA)以增加自UE至BTS之UL頻道之數目且在頻域中多工該等UL頻道。 在一實施例中,經由來自DL之發信號達成UE間之同步且假定經由直接佈線至相同時鐘或共用一共同時間/頻率參考(在一實施例中透過GPSDO)而鎖定所有BTS 903至相同時間/頻率參考時鐘。在不同UE處之頻道延遲擴展中之變化可產生在不同UE之時間參考間之可影響經由UL之MU-MIMO方法之效能之抖動。在一實施例中,僅使用MU-MIMO方法處理在相同DIDO叢集內之UE (例如,彼此緊接近之UE)以減小跨不同UE之相對傳播延遲擴展。在另一實施例中,在UE處或在BTS處補償UE之間之相對傳播延遲以確保在BTS 903處對來自不同UE 1-4之資料有效負載之同時接收。 用於實現關於UL上之資料解調變之發信號資訊之技術可係用於在先前部分所述之在下行鏈路開環DIDO方案中之發信號之相同方法。CP 901可採用不同空間處理技術以自UE資料有效負載移除頻道間干擾。在本發明之一實施例中,CP 901採用諸如最大似然法(ML)、決策回饋等化(DFE)或連續干擾消除(SIC)接收器之非線性空間處理方法。在另一實施例中,CP 901採用諸如強制歸零(ZF)或最小均方誤差(MMSE)接收器之線性濾波器以取消同頻道干擾且各自解調變上行鏈路資料串流。4. 與現存 LTE 網路之整合 在美國及世界之其他區域,LTE網路已在運營中或在經部署及/或致力於經部署之程序中。若LTE運營商可逐漸將DIDO能力部署至其等現存或已致力之部署中則對該等LTE運營商將係顯著益處。以此方式,該等LTE運營商可部署DIDO在其中將提供最直接益處之區域中且逐漸擴展DIDO能力以涵蓋更多其等之網路。適時,一旦該等LTE運營商在一區域內具有足夠DIDO涵蓋,則其等可選擇完全停止使用小區且代替性地完全切換至DIDO且以更低成本達成更高頻譜密度。貫穿自蜂窩至DIDO之此整個轉變,LTE運營商之無線客戶將絕不會看到服務之一損失。而是,該等客戶將僅看到其等之資料輸送量及可靠性改良同時運營商將看到其成本下降。 存在將實現DIDO至現存LTE網路中之一逐漸整合之若干實施例。在所有情況中,將用於DIDO之BTS稱為DIDO-LTE BTS且其將利用上文所述之LTE相容DIDO實施例之一者或如將來可經開發之其他LTE相容實施例。或者,DIDO-LTE BTS將利用諸如上文所述之LTE標準之一輕微變體且將更新UE (例如,若一軟體更新足以將UE 修改為DIDO相容)或將部署DIDO相容之新一代UE。在任何情況中,將在下文將在LTE標準之約束內或作為LTE標準之一變體支援DIDO之新BTS稱為DIDO-LTE BTS。 LTE標準支援多種頻道頻寬(例如,1.4、3、5、10、15及20 MHz)。在一實施例中,具有一現存LTE網路之一運營商可針對LTE-DIDO BTS分配新頻寬或將再分現存LTE頻譜(例如,可將20 MHZ再分至兩個10 MHz區塊)以在頻譜之一區塊中支援呈一蜂窩組態之習用LTE BTS及在頻譜之另一區塊中支援DIDO LTE BTS。有效地,此將建立兩個單獨LTE網路且UE裝置將經組態以使用一個或另一個網路或在該兩個之間選擇。在經再分之頻譜之情況中,可在習用LTE網路與DIDO-LTE網路之間均勻劃分頻譜或鑒於蜂窩LTE BTS及DIDO-LTE BTS部署之位準及/或UE使用型樣而非均勻分配更多頻譜至可最佳利用其之網路。此再分可隨時間而視需要改變,且在某一點,當部署足夠DIDO-LTE BTS以提供與蜂窩BTS相同或更好之涵蓋時,可分配所有頻譜至DIDO-LTE BTS且可解除蜂窩BTS。 在另一實施例中,習用蜂窩LTE BTS可經組態以與DIDO-LTE BTS向協調使得其等共用相同頻譜,但輪流使用該頻譜。舉例而言,若其等平均共用頻譜使用,則各個BTS網路將交替利用一10 ms訊框時間,例如,一個10 ms訊框用於蜂窩LTE BTS後續接著一個10 ms訊框用於DIDO-LTE BTS。亦可依不等間隔再分訊框時間。此間隔分割可隨時間而視需要改變,且在某一點,當部署足夠DIDO-LTE BTS以提供與蜂窩BTS相同或更好之涵蓋時,可分配所有時間至DIDO-LTE BTS且可解除蜂窩BTS。 在本發明之另一實施例中,採用DIDO作為至LTE及LTE升級版網路中之小型小區之LOS或NLOS無線回載。由於小型小區經部署於LTE網路中,DIDO提供至該等小型小區之高速無線回載。隨著對於更高資料速率之需求增加,更多小型小區經添加至網路直到無線網路到達其中在不導致小區間干擾之情況下無法將更多小型小區添加至一給定區域中之一限制。在本發明之該相同實施例中,使用DIDO BTS以逐漸取代小型小區,藉此利用小區間干擾以提供經增加之網路容量。參考 [1] A. 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Theory,第18卷第4期第531-532頁,1972年7月
101:多工區域 102:分集區域/小區邊緣 201:重疊區域 202:重疊區域 203:重疊區域 210:基地收發台(BTS) 211:基地收發台(BTS) 212:基地收發台(BTS) 301:基地收發台(BTS) 302:基地收發台(BTS) 303:基地收發台(BTS) 501:PDN閘道器(P-GW) 502:伺服閘道器(S-GW) 503:行動管理實體(MME) 504:增強節點B (eNodeB) 505:使用者設備(UE) 900:網路 901:集中式處理器(CP)/集中式處理器單元 902:基地台網路(BSN) 903:基地收發台(BTS) 905:控制器(CTR)
專利或申請案檔案含有以色彩執行之至少一圖式。一旦請求且支付必要費用時將由美國專利及商標局提供具有(若干)彩色圖式之此專利或專利公開案之複本。 自以下詳細描述結合圖式可獲得本發明之一更好理解,其中: 圖1繪示經分成一多工區域及一分集區域之小區; 圖2繪示在複數個不同區域中之小區間干擾; 圖3繪示其中自以相同頻率同時傳輸之三個基地收發台(BTS)傳輸之功率增加,藉此容許貫穿小區之一更高位準之干擾之一實施例; 圖4繪示其中添加許多額外存取點以故意增加貫穿小區之非同調干擾之位準之一實施例; 圖5繪示在本發明之一實施例中採用之複數個LTE網路元件; 圖6a至6c繪示與LTE訊框相關聯之細節; 圖7a至7b繪示為LTE中最小之調變結構且由頻率上之一OFDM副載波及時間上之一OFDM符號持續時間組成之一「資源元素」; 圖8繪示針對在加利福尼亞舊金山市中心中之本發明之一實施例之實際部署之一SNR分佈; 圖9繪示在本發明之一實施例中採用之一系統架構。
900:網路
901:集中式處理器(CP)/集中式處理器單元
902:基地台網路(BSN)
903:基地收發台(BTS)
905:控制器(CTR)

Claims (90)

  1. 一種具有多使用者(MU)傳輸之多天線系統(MAS)(「MU-MAS」),其包含: 複數個無線使用者裝置(UE); 複數個協作分散式天線或無線收發器裝置(BTS),其通信地耦合到該等UE並且具有在該等UE的位置處的重疊覆蓋,所有共用相同的小區識別符(cell ID); 一空間處理邏輯,其採用空間處理來利用小區間干擾以在相同頻帶內產生該等UE的複數個同時非干擾下行鏈路(DL)或上行鏈路(UL)資料連結; 其中從該等BTS傳輸的功率未被約束到任何特定功率水準,導致遍及該小區之小區間干擾之故意產生,該小區間干擾被利用以增加該MU-MAS的容量。
  2. 一種MU-MAS,其包括: 複數個UE; 複數個協作BTS,其通信地耦合到該等UE並且具有在該等UE的位置處的重疊覆蓋,所有共用相同的cell ID; 一空間處理邏輯,其採用空間處理來利用小區間干擾以在相同頻帶內產生該等UE的複數個同時非干擾DL或UL資料連結; 其中該MU-MAS是一蜂巢式網路,諸如一第三代合作夥伴計畫(3GPP)網路,該3GPP網路包括但不限於一長期演進(LTE)網路; 其中採用閉環預編碼方法以將同步非干擾資料串流從該等BTS經由該DL頻道發送到該等UE;以及 其中每個UE使用小區特定參考信號(CRS)來估計來自所有BTS或僅來自該等UE本身使用者叢集內的該等BTS的頻道狀態資訊(CSI),其中該使用者叢集被定義為可以從每個UE位置達到的那一組BTS。
  3. 如請求項2之系統,其中一集中式處理器(CP)估計該頻道的時間和頻率選擇性、並且將用於不同BTS的該CRS動態地重新分配給不同資源元素。
  4. 一種MU-MAS,其包括: 複數個UE; 複數個協作分散式BTS,其通信地耦合到該等UE並且具有在該等UE的位置處的重疊覆蓋,所有共用相同的cell ID; 一空間處理邏輯,其採用空間處理來利用小區間干擾以在相同頻帶內產生該等UE的複數個同時非干擾DL或UL資料連結; 其中該MU-MAS是一蜂巢式網路,諸如一3GPP網路,該3GPP網路包括但不限於一LTE網路; 其中採用閉環預編碼方法以將同步非干擾資料串流從該等BTS經由該DL頻道發送到該等UE;以及 其中每個UE使用CSI參考信號(CSI-RS)或解調參考信號(DMRS)或兩者的組合來估計來自所有BTS或僅來自該等UE本身之使用者叢集內的該等BTS的該CSI。
  5. 如請求項4之系統,其中降低來自該等BTS的傳輸功率以將該使用者叢集中BTS的數量減小至低於由該LTE標準和其他3GPP標準中的該CSI-RS信號所支援的天線的最大數量。
  6. 如請求項4之系統,其中該使用者叢集內的該等BTS被劃分成多個子組,並且以給定週期性一次自一個BTS子組發送該CSI-RS。
  7. 如請求項6之系統,其中基於該等UE的頻道同調時間(channel coherence time)以及由該LTE標準和其他3GPP標準所支援的該週期性值來確定針對不同子組的該CSI-RS的該週期性。
  8. 如請求項4之系統,其中與該LTE或其他3GPP標準中不同的型樣和週期性被允許用於該CSI-RS,以在該系統中實現更高數量的BTS。
  9. 一種MU-MAS,其包括: 複數個UE; 複數個協作分散式BTS,其通信地耦合到該等UE並且具有在該等UE的位置處的重疊覆蓋,所有共用相同的cell ID; 一空間處理邏輯,其採用空間處理來利用小區間干擾以在相同頻帶內產生該等UE的複數個同時非干擾DL或UL資料連結; 其中該MU-MAS是一蜂巢式網路,諸如一3GPP網路,該3GPP網路包括但不限於一LTE網路; 其中採用閉環預編碼方法以將同步非干擾資料串流從該等BTS經由該DL頻道發送到該等UE;以及 其中每個UE經由一物理上行鏈路控制頻道(PUCCH)信號向一CP報告等級指示符(RI)、預編碼矩陣指示符(PMI)和頻道品質指示符(CQI)信號。
  10. 一種MU-MAS,其包括: 複數個UE; 複數個協作分散式BTS,其通信地耦合到該等UE並且具有在該等UE的位置處的重疊覆蓋,所有共用相同的cell ID; 一空間處理邏輯,其採用空間處理來利用小區間干擾以在相同頻帶內產生該等UE的複數個同時非干擾DL或UL資料連結; 其中該MU-MAS是一蜂巢式網路,諸如一3GPP網路,該3GPP網路包括但不限於一LTE網路; 其中採用閉環預編碼方法以將同步非干擾資料串流從該等BTS經由該DL頻道發送到該等UE; 其中每個UE經由一物理上行鏈路共用頻道PUSCH信號向一CP報告RI、PMI和CQI信號。
  11. 如請求項10之系統,其中該系統估計該頻道頻率選擇性、並且針對相同可用UL資源動態地調整該PMI以支援更大數量的BTS。
  12. 一種MU-MAS,其包括: 複數個UE; 複數個協作分散式BTS,其通信地耦合到該等UE並且具有在該等UE的位置處的重疊覆蓋,所有共用相同的cell ID; 一空間處理邏輯,其採用空間處理來利用小區間干擾以在相同頻帶內產生該等UE的複數個同時非干擾DL或UL資料連結; 其中該MU-MAS是一蜂巢式網路,諸如一3GPP網路,該3GPP網路包括但不限於一LTE網路; 其中採用開環預編碼方法以將同步非干擾資料串流從該等BTS經由該DL頻道發送到該等UE。
  13. 一種MU-MAS,其包括: 複數個UE; 複數個協作分散式BTS,其通信地耦合到該等UE並且具有在該等UE的位置處的重疊覆蓋,所有共用相同的cell ID; 一空間處理邏輯,其採用空間處理來利用小區間干擾以在相同頻帶內產生該等UE的複數個同時非干擾DL或UL資料連結; 其中該MU-MAS是一蜂巢式網路,諸如一3GPP網路,該3GPP網路包括但不限於一LTE網路; 其中採用開環方法以經由該UL頻道接收來自於該等UE到該等BTS的同步非干擾資料串流。
  14. 如請求項13之系統,其中一探測參考信號(SRS)或者一DMRS被用來估計從所有UE到該等BTS的頻道脈衝回應。
  15. 如請求項14之系統,其中不同SRS或DMRS被分配給每個UE的不同天線。
  16. 如請求項14之系統,其中不同SRS或DMRS被分配給不同BTS子組,以減小多個非協作BTS之間的干擾。
  17. 如請求項14之系統,其中基於跳頻型樣來分配該SRS或DMRS,以利用頻道頻率分集。
  18. 如請求項14之系統,其中將活躍UE分成若干群組,且相同組之SRS或DMRS係經由連續時槽而分配至各個群組。
  19. 如請求項18之系統,其中最短的頻道同調時間係針對所有活躍UE而估計,且UE群組之最大數目以及SRS或DMRS時間多工方案之週期性係基於經估計的該最短頻道同調時間而計算。
  20. 如請求項13之系統,其中UE間的時間及頻率同步係藉由利用DL信令資訊達成。
  21. 如請求項20之系統,其中該等BTS經由直接佈線至相同實體時鐘或透過全球定位系統紀律振盪器(GPSDO)共用一共同時間及頻率參考而同步至相同的參考時鐘。
  22. 如請求項20之系統,其中藉由僅針對鏈接至相同BTS集合之UE處理UL訊框而避免UE間之相對傳播延遲,藉此保證UE間的時間同步。
  23. 如請求項20之系統,其中在UL傳輸之前在UE側預先補償UE間之相對傳播延遲以保證在BTS接收器處之UE時間同步。
  24. 如請求項13之系統,其中該開環預編碼方法包含諸如最大似然法(ML)、決策回饋等化(DFE)或連續干擾消除(SIC)接收器之非線性空間濾波器。
  25. 如請求項13之系統,其中該開環預編碼方法包含諸如強制歸零(ZF)或最小均方誤差(MMSE)接收器之線性空間濾波器。
  26. 如請求項13之系統,其中使用單一載波FDMA(SC-FDMA)以在頻域中多工該等UE。
  27. 如請求項13之系統,其中RF校準被用於將UL CSI轉換成DL CSI,從而利用UL/DL頻道互易性。
  28. 如請求項13之系統,其中使用一探測參考信號(SRS)或解調變參考信號(DMRS)以估計從所有UE至該等BTS之頻道脈衝響應。
  29. 一種MU-MAS,其包括: 複數個BTS,其被分佈遍及沒有小區的覆蓋區域,所有共用相同的cell ID; 複數個UE,其通信地耦合到該等BTS;以及 一空間處理單元,其利用該等BTS之間的干擾來在相同頻帶內產生該等BTS和該等UE之間的包括控制頻道鏈路的複數個同時非干擾DL或UL資料連結。
  30. 如請求項29之系統,其中使用一探測參考信號(SRS)或解調變參考信號(DMRS)以估計從所有UE至該等BTS之頻道脈衝響應。
  31. 如請求項30之系統,其中不同的SRS或DMRS被分配至每一UE之不同天線。
  32. 如請求項30之系統,其中不同的SRS或DMRS被分配至不同的BTS子集以降低非協作BTS之間的干擾。
  33. 如請求項30之系統,其中基於跳頻型樣分配該SRS或該DMRS以利用頻道頻率分集。
  34. 如請求項30之系統,其中將活躍UE分成若干群組且相同組之SRS或DMRS係經由連續時槽而分配至各個群組。
  35. 如請求項34之系統,其中最短的頻道同調時間係針對所有活躍UE而估計,且UE群組之最大數目以及SRS或DMRS時間多工方案之週期性係基於經估計的該最短頻道同調時間而計算。
  36. 如請求項29之系統,其中UE間的時間及頻率同步係藉由利用DL信令資訊達成。
  37. 如請求項36之系統,其中該等BTS經由直接佈線至相同實體時鐘或透過全球定位系統紀律振盪器(GPSDO)共用一共同時間及頻率參考而同步至相同的參考時鐘。
  38. 如請求項36之系統,其中藉由僅針對鏈接至相同BTS集合之UE處理UL訊框而避免UE間之相對傳播延遲,藉此保證UE間的時間同步。
  39. 如請求項36之系統,其中在UL傳輸之前在UE側預先補償UE間之相對傳播延遲以保證在BTS接收器處之UE時間同步。
  40. 如請求項29之系統,其中該等開環方法包括非線性空間濾波器,其包括ML、DFE或SIC接收器。
  41. 如請求項29之系統,其中採用開環方法以將同步非干擾資料串流從該等UE經由該UL頻道接收到該等BTS。
  42. 如請求項41之系統,其中該等開環方法包括線性空間濾波器、ZF或MMSE接收器。
  43. 如請求項29之系統,其中使用SC-FDMA以在頻域中多工該等UE。
  44. 如請求項29之系統,其中使用RF校準將UL CSI轉換至DL CSI藉此利用UL/DL頻道互反性。
  45. 如請求項29之系統,其中使用一SRS或一DMRS以估計從所有UE至該等BTS之頻道脈衝響應。
  46. 一種在一MU-MAS中實施之方法,該方法包括: 將複數個協作BTS通信地耦合到複數個UE,該等BTS具有在該等UE的位置處的重疊覆蓋,所有共用相同的cell ID; 採用一空間處理邏輯內的空間處理以利用小區間干擾來在相同頻帶內產生該等UE的複數個同時非干擾DL或UL資料連結;以及 未將從該等BTS傳輸的功率約束到任何特定功率水準,導致遍及該小區之小區間干擾之故意產生,該小區間干擾被利用以增加該MU-MAS的容量。
  47. 一種在一MU-MAS中實施的方法,該方法包括: 將複數個協作BTS通信地耦合到複數個UE,該等BTS具有在該等UE的位置處的重疊覆蓋,所有共用相同的cell ID; 採用一空間處理邏輯內的空間處理以利用小區間干擾來在相同頻帶內產生該等UE的複數個同時非干擾DL或UL資料連結; 其中該MU-MAS是一蜂巢式網路,諸如一3GPP網路,該3GPP網路包括但不限於一LTE網路; 採用閉環預編碼方法以將同步非干擾資料串流從該等BTS經由該DL頻道發送到該等UE;以及 每個UE使用CRS來估計來自所有BTS或僅來自該等UE本身使用者叢集內的該等BTS的CSI,其中該使用者叢集被定義為可以從每個UE位置達到的那一組BTS。
  48. 如請求項47之方法,其中一CP估計該頻道的時間和頻率選擇性、並且將用於不同BTS的該CRS動態地重新分配給不同資源元素。
  49. 一種在一MU-MAS中實現的方法,該方法包括: 將複數個協作BTS通信地耦合到複數個UE,該等BTS具有在該無線UE的位置處的重疊覆蓋,所有共用相同的cell ID; 採用一空間處理邏輯內的空間處理以利用小區間干擾來在相同頻帶內產生該等UE的複數個同時非干擾DL或UL資料連結; 其中該MU-MAS是一蜂巢式網路,諸如一3GPP網路,該3GPP網路包括但不限於一LTE網路; 採用閉環預編碼方法以將同步非干擾資料串流從該等BTS經由該DL頻道發送到該等UE;以及 每個UE使用CSI-RS或DMRS或兩者的組合來估計來自所有BTS或來自僅該等UE自己的使用者叢集內的該等BTS的CSI。
  50. 如請求項49之方法,降低來自該等BTS的傳輸功率以將該使用者叢集中BTS的數量減小至低於由該LTE標準和其他3GPP標準中的該CSI-RS信號所支援的天線的最大數量。
  51. 如請求項49之方法,將該使用者叢集內的該等BTS劃分成多個子組,並且以給定週期性一次自一個BTS子組發送該CSI-RS。
  52. 如請求項51之方法,基於該等UE的頻道同調時間以及由該LTE標準和其他3GPP標準所支援的該週期性值來確定針對不同子組的該CSI-RS的該週期性。
  53. 如請求項49之方法,其中允許與該LTE或其他3GPP標準中不同的型樣和週期性用於該CSI-RS,以在該系統中實現更高數量的BTS。
  54. 一種在一MU-MAS中實施的方法,該方法包括: 分佈複數個協作BTS,該等BTS通信地耦合到複數個UE並且具有在該等UE的位置處的重疊覆蓋,所有共用相同的cell ID; 採用一空間處理邏輯內的空間處理以利用小區間干擾來在相同頻帶內產生該等UE的複數個同時非干擾DL或UL資料連結; 其中該MU-MAS是一蜂巢式網路,諸如一3GPP網路,該3GPP網路包括但不限於一LTE網路; 採用閉環預編碼方法以將同步非干擾資料串流從該等BTS經由該DL頻道發送到該等UE;以及 每個UE經由一PUCCH信號向一CP報告RI、PMI和CQI信號。
  55. 一種在一MU-MAS中實施的方法,該方法包括: 將複數個協作BTS通信地耦合到複數個UE,該等BTS具有在該等UE的位置處的重疊覆蓋,所有共用相同的cell ID; 採用一空間處理邏輯內的空間處理以利用小區間干擾來在相同頻帶內產生該等UE的複數個同時非干擾DL或UL資料連結; 其中該MU-MAS是一蜂巢式網路,諸如一3GPP網路,該3GPP網路包括但不限於一LTE網路; 採用閉環預編碼方法以將同步非干擾資料串流從該等BTS經由該DL頻道發送到該等UE; 每個UE經由一PUSCH信號向一CP報告RI、PMI和CQI信號。
  56. 如請求項55之方法,其包括估計該頻道頻率選擇性、並且針對相同可用UL資源動態地調整該PMI以支援更大數量的BTS。
  57. 一種在一MU-MAS中實施的方法,該方法包括: 將複數個協作BTS通信地耦合到複數個UE,該等BTS具有在該無線UE的位置處的重疊覆蓋,所有共用相同的cell ID; 採用一空間處理邏輯內的空間處理以利用小區間干擾來在相同頻帶內產生該等UE的複數個同時非干擾DL或UL資料連結; 其中該MU-MAS是一蜂巢式網路,諸如一3GPP網路,該3GPP網路包括但不限於一LTE網路; 採用開環預編碼方法以將同步非干擾資料串流從該等BTS經由該DL頻道發送到該等UE。
  58. 一種在一MU-MAS中實施的方法,該方法包括: 將複數個協作BTS通信地耦合到複數個UE,該等BTS具有在該等UE的位置處的重疊覆蓋,所有共用相同的cell ID; 採用一空間處理邏輯內的空間處理以利用小區間干擾來在相同頻帶內產生該使用者裝置的複數個同時非干擾DL或UL資料連結; 其中該MU-MAS是一蜂巢式網路,諸如一3GPP網路,該3GPP網路包括但不限於一LTE網路; 採用開環方法以經由該UL頻道接收來自於該等UE到該等BTS的同步非干擾資料串流。
  59. 如請求項58之方法,使用一SRS或一DMRS來估計從所有UE到該等BTS的頻道脈衝回應。
  60. 如請求項59之方法,其中將不同SRS或DMRS分配給每個UE的不同天線。
  61. 如請求項59之方法,其中不同SRS或DMRS被分配給不同BTS子組,以減小多個非協作BTS之間的干擾。
  62. 如請求項59之方法,其中基於跳頻型樣分配該SRS或該DMRS以利用頻道頻率分集。
  63. 如請求項59之方法,其中將活躍UE分成若干群組且相同組之SRS或DMRS係經由連續時槽而分配至各個群組。
  64. 如請求項63之方法,其中最短的頻道同調時間係針對所有活躍UE而估計,且UE群組之最大數目以及SRS或DMRS時間多工方案之週期性係基於經估計的該最短頻道同調時間而計算。
  65. 如請求項58之方法,其中UE間的時間及頻率同步係藉由利用DL信令資訊達成。
  66. 如請求項65之方法,其中該等BTS經由直接佈線至相同實體時鐘或透過GPSDOs共用一共同時間及頻率參考而同步至相同的參考時鐘。
  67. 如請求項65之方法,其中藉由僅針對鏈接至相同BTS集合之UE處理UL訊框而避免UE間之相對傳播延遲,藉此保證UE間的時間同步。
  68. 如請求項65之方法,其中在UL傳輸之前在UE側預先補償UE間之相對傳播延遲以保證在BTS接收器處之UE時間同步。
  69. 如請求項58之方法,其中該等開環方法包括非線性空間濾波器,其包括ML、DFE或SIC接收器。
  70. 如請求項58之方法,其中該等開環方法包括線性空間濾波器,其包括ZF或MMSE接收器。
  71. 如請求項58之方法,其中使用SC-FDMA以在頻域中多工該等UE。
  72. 如請求項58之方法,RF校準被用於將UL CSI轉換成DL CSI,從而利用UL/DL頻道互易性。
  73. 如請求項58之方法,其中使用一SRS或一DMRS以估計從所有UE至該等BTS之頻道脈衝響應。
  74. 一種在一MU-MAS中實施的方法,該方法包括: 遍及沒有小區的覆蓋區域而分佈複數個BTS,所有共用相同的cell ID; 將複數個UE通信地耦合到該等BTS;以及 利用該等BTS之間的干擾來在相同頻帶內產生該等BTS和該等UE之間的包括控制頻道鏈路的複數個同時非干擾DL或UL資料連結。
  75. 如請求項74之方法,其中使用一SRS或一DMRS以估計從所有UE至該等BTS之頻道脈衝響應。
  76. 如請求項75之方法,其中不同的SRS或DMRS被分配至每一UE之不同天線。
  77. 如請求項75之方法,其中不同的SRS或DMRS被分配至不同的BTS子集以降低非協作BTS之間的干擾。
  78. 如請求項75之方法,其中基於跳頻型樣分配該SRS或該DMRS以利用頻道頻率分集。
  79. 如請求項75之方法,其中將活躍UE分成若干群組且相同組之SRS或DMRS係經由連續時槽而分配至各個群組。
  80. 如請求項79之方法,其中最短的頻道同調時間係針對所有活躍UE而估計,且UE群組之最大數目以及SRS或DMRS時間多工方案之週期性係基於經估計的該最短頻道同調時間而計算。
  81. 如請求項74之方法,其中UE間的時間及頻率同步係藉由利用DL信令資訊達成。
  82. 如請求項81之方法,其中該等BTS經由直接佈線至相同實體時鐘或透過GPSDOs共用一共同時間及頻率參考而同步至相同的參考時鐘。
  83. 如請求項81之方法,其中藉由僅針對鏈接至相同BTS集合之UE處理UL訊框而避免UE間之相對傳播延遲,藉此保證UE間的時間同步。
  84. 如請求項81之方法,其中在UL傳輸之前在UE側預先補償UE間之相對傳播延遲以保證在BTS接收器處之UE時間同步。
  85. 如請求項74之方法,其中該等開環方法包括非線性空間濾波器,其包括ML、DFE或SIC接收器。
  86. 如請求項74之方法,其中採用開環方法以將同步非干擾資料串流從該等UE經由該UL頻道接收到該等BTS。
  87. 如請求項86之方法,其中該等開環方法包括線性空間濾波器、ZF或MMSE接收器。
  88. 如請求項74之方法,其中使用SC-FDMA以在頻域中多工該等UE。
  89. 如請求項74之方法,其中使用RF校準將UL CSI轉換至DL CSI藉此利用UL/DL頻道互反性。
  90. 如請求項74之方法,其中使用一SRS或一DMRS以估計從所有UE至該等BTS之頻道脈衝響應。
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