TWI733198B - 用於輻射容錯主動驅動同步電源轉換器之磁性峰值電流模式控制 - Google Patents

用於輻射容錯主動驅動同步電源轉換器之磁性峰值電流模式控制 Download PDF

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TWI733198B
TWI733198B TW108134561A TW108134561A TWI733198B TW I733198 B TWI733198 B TW I733198B TW 108134561 A TW108134561 A TW 108134561A TW 108134561 A TW108134561 A TW 108134561A TW I733198 B TWI733198 B TW I733198B
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circuit
node
peak current
power converter
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闕強 林
剴 劉
凱 陳
碩凡 宋
科 阮
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美商格蘭電子公司
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33515Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with digital control
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K19/00Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits
    • H03K19/0008Arrangements for reducing power consumption
    • H03K19/0016Arrangements for reducing power consumption by using a control or a clock signal, e.g. in order to apply power supply
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K5/156Arrangements in which a continuous pulse train is transformed into a train having a desired pattern
    • H03K5/1565Arrangements in which a continuous pulse train is transformed into a train having a desired pattern the output pulses having a constant duty cycle
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K7/00Modulating pulses with a continuously-variable modulating signal
    • H03K7/08Duration or width modulation ; Duty cycle modulation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054Transistor switching losses
    • H02M1/0058Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本發明係關於用於向使用離散類比組件之電源轉換器提供峰值電流模式控制(PCMC)之系統及方法。一對互補雙極接面電晶體可用於設定該電源轉換器之一最大工作週期。可使用一比較器來達成PCMC,該比較器比較峰值輸入電流與一誤差回饋信號,且在該峰值輸入電流超過該誤差回饋信號時終止一脈寬調變(PWM)脈衝。一磁性信號變壓器可用於建立一次級側偏壓電壓供應、使該誤差信號返回,及驅動一AC耦合信號用於一同步閘極驅動。一同步開關可在主開關經由返馳變壓器之一輸出繞組來切斷時被接通,且可在接通該主開關之前,由來自該磁性信號變壓器之一時脈脈衝的後緣切斷。

Description

用於輻射容錯主動驅動同步電源轉換器之磁性峰值電流模式控制
本發明大體上係關於用於電源轉換器之控制器。
DC/DC轉換器係將一輸入DC電壓轉換成一不同輸出DC電壓之一類型之電源供應器。此等轉換器通常包含經由一切換電路來電耦合於一電壓源與一負載之間的一變壓器。稱為順向轉換器之轉換器包含至少一主開關,其連接於電壓源與變壓器之初級繞組之間以在開關接通且導通時向變壓器之次級繞組提供順向功率轉移。一金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(MOSFET)裝置通常用於一或多個主開關。
電源轉換器設計通常受諸如效率、輸入電壓範圍、輸出電壓、功率密度及佔用面積之各種要求約束。此等約束需要某些效能權衡。例如,達成較高效率可能需要一更窄輸入電壓範圍。為進一步提高效率,通常採用主動重設方案及同步整流。此等同步整流方案可為主動控制或自驅動。
具有高位準電離輻射之環境產生特殊設計挑戰。一單一帶電粒子可將數千個電子撞鬆散以引起電子雜訊及信號尖峰。就數位電路而言,此可引起不準確或難理解之結果。此在設計衛星、航天器、飛機、發電站等等之組件時會是一特別嚴重問題。
一種用於一電源轉換器之峰值電流模式控制(PCMC)控制器(該電源轉換器包含具有一初級繞組及一次級繞組之一主變壓器,該初級繞組可電耦合至一輸入電壓節點且電耦合至一主開關,該次級繞組可電耦合至一輸出電壓節點且電耦合至一同步整流器開關)可概述為包含:一峰值電流偵測器電路,其具有可操作地耦合至在操作中感測該電源轉換器之一電流之一電流感測器電路的一第一輸入節點、可操作地耦合至一誤差控制信號電路之一第二輸入節點及提供至少部分可用於控制該主開關之操作之一峰值電流偵測器輸出信號的一輸出節點,在操作中,該峰值電流偵測器電路比較自該電流感測器電路接收之一電流感測器信號與自該誤差控制信號電路接收之一誤差控制信號且回應於偵測到該電流感測器信號超過該誤差控制信號而改變該峰值電流偵測器輸出信號之狀態;一磁性隔離器電路,其包含一隔離變壓器,該隔離變壓器包含一初級繞組及一次級繞組,該磁性隔離器電路包含可操作地耦合至該誤差控制信號電路之一第一輸入節點、可操作地耦合至一時脈電路以自其接收一時脈信號之一第二輸入節點、電耦合至該峰值電流偵測器電路之該第二輸入節點以將該誤差控制信號提供至該峰值電流偵測器電路之一第一輸出節點及電耦合至該隔離變壓器之該次級繞組之一第二輸出節點;及一同步閘極驅動電路,其包含可操作地耦合至該主變壓器之該次級繞組之一第一輸入節點、可操作地耦合至該磁性隔離器電路之該第二輸出節點之一第二輸入節點及經可操作地耦合以控制該同步整流器開關之操作的一輸出節點。
該峰值電流偵測器電路可包含一比較器且該同步閘極驅動電路可包含一MOSFET驅動器。該磁性隔離器電路可包含向該PCMC控制器之次級側電路提供一電壓源之電路。該PCMC控制器可進一步包含一延時閘極驅動電路,其包含可操作地耦合至該時脈電路以自其接收該時脈信號之一第一輸入節點、可操作地耦合至該峰值電流偵測器電路之該輸出節點之一第二輸入節點及經可操作地耦合以至少部分基於該時脈信號及該峰值電流偵測器輸出信號來控制該主開關之操作的一輸出節點,在操作中,該延時閘極驅動電路可僅在該同步整流器開關已在一切換循環期間切斷之後引起主開關接通。該延時閘極驅動電路可包含一電阻-電容(RC)電路。該延時閘極驅動電路可包含一MOSFET閘極驅動器。該PCMC控制器可進一步包含一預設最大工作週期電路,其包含可操作地耦合至該時脈電路以自其接收該時脈信號之一輸入節點及可操作地耦合至該延時閘極驅動電路之該第二輸入節點之一輸出節點,在操作中,當前最大工作週期可設定該電源轉換器之該主開關之一最大工作週期。該預設最大工作週期電路可包含第一及第二互補雙極接面電晶體。該磁性隔離器電路可包含可操作地耦合至該隔離變壓器之該初級繞組之一磁性隔離器電路開關,且其中該磁性隔離器電路之該第二輸入節點可經可操作地耦合以控制該同步整流器開關之操作。該同步閘極驅動電路可操作以在該主開關切斷各循環之後引起該同步整流器開關接通且在該主開關在一隨後循環期間接通之前引起該同步整流器開關切斷。該PCMC控制器可進一步包含該電流感測器電路,其包含在操作中感測該電源轉換器之一電流的一電流傳感器。該電流傳感器可包含一變壓器或一電阻器。
一種電源轉換器可被概述為包含:一變壓器,其具有一初級繞組及一次級繞組,該初級繞組係可電耦合至一輸入電壓節點,且該次級繞組係可電耦合至一輸出電壓節點;一初級電路,其經電耦合至該初級繞組,該初級電路包含一主開關;一次級電路,其經電耦合至該次級繞組,該初級電路包含一同步整流器開關;及一峰值電流模式控制(PCMC)控制器,其包含:一峰值電流偵測器電路,其具有經可操作地耦合至在操作中感測該電源轉換器之一電流之一電流感測器電路之一第一輸入節點、經可操作地耦合至一誤差控制信號電路之一第二輸入節點,及提供至少部分可用於控制該主開關之操作之一峰值電流偵測器輸出信號之一輸出節點,在操作中,該峰值電流偵測器電路比較自該電流感測器電路接收之一電流感測器信號與自該誤差控制信號電路接收之一誤差控制信號,且回應於偵測到該電流感測器信號超過該誤差控制信號而改變該峰值電流偵測器輸出信號之狀態;一磁性隔離器電路,其包含一隔離變壓器,該隔離變壓器包含一初級繞組及一次級繞組,該磁性隔離器電路包含經可操作地耦合至該誤差控制信號電路之一第一輸入節點、經可操作地耦合至一時脈電路以自其接收一時脈信號之一第二輸入節點、經電耦合至該峰值電流偵測器電路之該第二輸入節點以將該誤差控制信號提供至該峰值電流偵測器電路之一第一輸出節點,及經電耦合至該隔離變壓器之該次級繞組之一第二輸出節點;及一同步閘極驅動電路,其包含經可操作地耦合至該主變壓器之該次級繞組之一第一輸入節點、經可操作地耦合至該磁性隔離器電路之該第二輸出節點之一第二輸入節點,及經可操作地耦合以控制該同步整流器開關之操作之一輸出節點。
該峰值電流偵測器電路可包含一比較器,且該同步閘極驅動電路可包含一MOSFET驅動器。該磁性隔離器電路可包含向該PCMC控制器之次級側提供一電壓源之電路。該電源轉換器可進一步包含一延時閘極驅動電路,其包含經可操作地耦合至該時脈電路以自其接收該時脈信號之一第一輸入節點、經可操作地耦合至該峰值電流偵測器電路之該輸出節點之一第二輸入節點,及經可操作地耦合以至少部分基於該時脈信號及該峰值電流偵測器輸出信號來控制該主開關之操作之一輸出節點,在操作中,該延時閘極驅動電路可僅在該同步整流器開關已於一切換循環期間切斷之後引起主開關接通。該延時閘極驅動電路可包含一電阻-電容(RC)電路。該電源轉換器可進一步包含一預設最大工作週期電路,其包含經可操作地耦合至該時脈電路以自其接收該時脈信號之一輸入節點,及經可操作地耦合至該延時閘極驅動電路之該第二輸入節點之一輸出節點,在操作中,當前最大工作週期可設定該電源轉換器之該主開關之一最大工作週期。該預設最大工作週期電路可包含第一及第二互補雙極接面電晶體。該磁性隔離器電路可包含經可操作地耦合至該隔離變壓器之該初級繞組之一磁性隔離器電路開關,且其中該磁性隔離器電路之該第二輸入節點可經可操作地耦合以控制該同步整流器開關之操作。該同步閘極驅動電路係可操作以在該主開關切斷各循環之後引起該同步整流器開關接通,且可在該主開關於一隨後循環內接通之前引起該同步整流器開關切斷。該電源轉換器可進一步包含該電流感測器電路,其包含在操作中感測該電源轉換器之一電流之一電流傳感器。該電流傳感器可包含一變壓器或一電阻器。
一種用於一電源轉換器之峰值電流模式控制(PCMC)控制器(該電源轉換器包含具有一初級繞組及一次級繞組之一主變壓器,該初級繞組可電耦合至一輸入電壓節點且電耦合至一主開關,該次級繞組可電耦合至一輸出電壓節點且電耦合至一同步整流器開關)可概述為包含:一磁性隔離器電路,其包含一隔離變壓器,該隔離變壓器包含電耦合至一初級側電路之一初級繞組及電耦合至一次級側電路之一次級繞組,該磁性隔離器電路包含在操作中將一電壓供應提供至該次級側電路、將一誤差控制信號自該次級側電路提供至該初級側電路及提供可由一同步閘極驅動電路用於控制該同步整流器開關之操作之一輸出信號的電路。
在以下描述中,闡述某些特定細節以提供各種揭示實施方案之一透徹理解。然而,熟習相關技術者應認識到,可在無此等具體細節之一或多者的情況下或使用其他方法、組件、材料等等來實踐實施方案。在其他例項中,未展示或詳細描述與電腦系統、伺服器電腦及/或通信網路相關聯之熟知結構以免不必要地使實施方案之描述不清楚。
除非內文另有要求,否則在本說明書及以下申請專利範圍中,用語「包括」與「包含」同義,且係包含性或開放性的(即,不排除額外未敘述元件或方法動作)。
參考本說明書之「一實施方案」意謂結合實施方案所描述之一特定特徵、結構或特性包含於至少一實施方案中。因此,出現於本說明書各處之片語「在一實施方案中」未必係指相同實施方案。此外,特定特徵、結構或特性可在一或多個實施方案中依任何適合方式組合。
除非內文另有明確指示,否則如本說明書及附屬申請專利範圍中所使用,單數形式「一」及「該」包含複數指涉物。亦應注意,除非內文另有明確指示,否則術語「或」一般用於包含「及/或」含義。
本發明之標題及[中文]僅為了方便且不解譯實施方案之範疇或意義。
本發明之一或多個實施方案提供用於使用離散類比組件之電源轉換器之峰值電流模式控制(PCMC)電路。如下文將參考附圖進一步論述,本發明之一或多個實施方案提供用於各種應用(例如空間應用)之輻射容錯、高效率、超寬輸入DC-DC轉換器。在至少一些實施方案中,控制電路實現至少一6:1輸入範圍比之一超寬輸入範圍轉換器且提供(例如) 90%或更高之一效率。在至少一些實施方案中,提供一脈寬調變(PWM)控制器,其經由兩個磁性組件(例如返馳變壓器、多功能隔離器或隔離變壓器)來實施同步整流時序控制及使用離散類比組件來實施類比鎖存峰值電流模式控制,其提供具有更高效率及更寬輸入電壓範圍之一同步返馳轉換器。
圖1A至圖1B展示根據本發明之一實例實施方案之利用一PCMC控制器102之一電源轉換器100之一示意圖。在所繪示之實施方案中,電源轉換器100係利用同步整流之一同步返馳轉換器。然而,應瞭解,PCMC控制器102亦可與其他類型之電源轉換器一起使用。電源轉換器100大體上包含PCMC控制器或控制電路102、一電源系列電路104及一隔離次級控制或回饋電路106 (本文中亦指稱一誤差控制信號電路)。首先,提供電源轉換器100之總體操作之一論述。接著,將進一步詳細描述PCMC控制器102。
在採用同步整流器來切換電源供應器電路時,二極體係由功率電晶體替換以獲得一較低導通狀態電壓降。同步整流器一般使用n通道MOSFET而非二極體,以避免二極體之導通電壓降,這對低輸出電壓電源供應器而言可能是非常重要的。電晶體在二極體自陽極至陰極導通時經偏壓為導通,且相反地,在二極體自陰極至陽極阻斷時經閘控為阻斷電流。儘管MOSFET通常用於此目的,但雙極電晶體及其他主動半導體開關亦可適用。
在圖1A至圖1B之實例電源轉換器100中,經由一輸入電感器L1來提供一輸入電壓VIN 之一DC電壓輸入V1係藉由一初級或主開關M1連接至一變壓器T1之一初級繞組L2。跨輸入電壓VIN 及一參考節點(例如接地)提供一輸入電容器C2。在所繪示之實施方案中,開關M1係一NMOS裝置。一內部初級側電壓源V2用於將一電壓VCCP 提供至電源轉換器100之初級側的各種組件。
變壓器T1之一次級繞組L3係透過包含一MOSFET整流裝置或開關M4之一同步整流器來連接至一輸出引線VOUT 。整流裝置M4包含一本體二極體。當主電源開關M1接通時,跨初級繞組L2施加輸入電壓VIN 。次級繞組L3經極性定向以對初級電壓作出回應,其中一電流IoutLOAD 通過經連接至輸出引線VOUT 之一負載RLOAD 且通過MOSFET整流器裝置M4而返回至次級繞組L3。一輸出濾波電容器C1使轉換器100之輸出分流。
整流器裝置M4之導通性係由閘極驅動邏輯控制,閘極驅動邏輯可為PCMC控制器102之部分或可自PCMC控制器102接收信號,如下文將進一步論述。如圖1A及圖1B中所展示,PCMC控制器102可包含將具有一工作週期D之一PWM驅動信號提供至主開關M1之一輸出控制節點VGATE_MAIN,及將一控制信號提供至同步整流裝置M4之一控制信號VGATE_SYNC。
隔離次級控制或回饋電路106包含可操作以感測電源轉換器100之負載電流IoutLOAD之一電流感測器電路108。另外或替代地,次級控制電路106包含可操作以感測電源轉換器100之輸出電壓VOUT 之一電壓感測器電路110。電流感測器電路108及電壓感測器電路110可分別經由誤差放大器112及114來向PCMC控制器102提供一回饋信號VFB (或誤差控制信號),如下文將進一步論述。電流感測器電路108及電壓感測器電路110可為可操作以分別感測電流及電壓之任何適合電路,且可包含一或多個變壓器、一或多個電阻器等等。
PCMC控制器102包含一延時閘極驅動電路116、一預設最大工作週期電路118、一峰值電流模式PWM終止器電路120 (本文中亦指稱一峰值電流模式偵測器電路)、一多功能磁性隔離器電路122及一同步閘極驅動電路124。下文將提供各組件之一論述。
預設最大工作週期電路118可操作以設定控制器102之最大允許工作週期。當前最大工作週期電路118包含互補雙極接面電晶體(BJT) Q8及Q9、電阻器R24及R25及電容器C16、C17及C18。來自一時脈電路之一固定時脈信號輸入CLOCK (參閱圖7)透過BJT對Q8及Q9來互補,BJT對Q8及Q9設定最大工作週期Dmax。在應用中,固定時脈輸入信號CLOCK具有一低工作週期d (例如20%工作週期)。BJT Q8及Q9之各自集極處之電源轉換器100之最大可允許工作週期Dmax係:Dmax=1-d。主開關M1之工作週期D提供於由延時閘極驅動電路116輸出之VGATE_MAIN信號處。
延時閘極驅動電路116包含一主開關閘極驅動器U2,其具有非反相輸入NINV1、一反相輸入INV1及一輸出VGATE_MAIN。延時閘極驅動電路116亦包含耦合至時脈信號CLOCK及主開關閘極驅動器U2之反相輸入INV1的一電阻器R33及耦合於主開關閘極驅動器U2之反相輸入INV1與接地之間的一電容器C25。延時閘極驅動器電路116之電阻器R33及電容器C25包括一電阻-電容(RC)電路,其調整時脈信號CLOCK進入主開關閘極驅動器U2之延時。調整延時改變主開關M1與同步整流器開關M4之間的死區時間以防止擊穿。此延時經設定使得在接通主開關M1之前切斷同步整流器開關M4。圖2之一表200中展示延時閘極驅動電路116之主開關驅動器U2之一真值表。
峰值電流模式PWM終止器電路120操作以調整閘極驅動器U2之工作週期D。峰值電流模式PWM終止器電路120包含一峰值電流感測器電路121 (例如變壓器、電阻器),其將表示峰值電流Ipeak之一電壓信號V_IPEAK提供至一比較器U1之一非反相輸入。峰值電流模式PWM終止器電路120亦包含耦合至比較器U1之一反相輸入的一電容器C7及一齊納二極體D9。比較器U1之輸出U1_OUT耦合至一BJT Q10之一基極。BJT Q10之集極耦合至接地,且BJT Q10之射極耦合至Dmax節點,Dmax節點耦合至延時閘極驅動電路116之閘極驅動器U2之非反相輸入NINV1。比較器U1之反相輸入處之節點標記V_FB_SLOPE_COMP。
在操作中,比較器U1藉由接通BJT Q10來感測一位準移位峰值輸入電流且終止PWM信號。圖2之表200係驅動器U2之一真值表。當主開關M1導通時,經由峰值電流感測器電路121所感測之電流振幅增大。當所感測之電流達到電壓V_FB_SLOPE_COMP時,閘極信號VGATE_MAIN終止循環。峰值電流受齊納二極體D9處之電壓限制。
多功能磁性隔離器電路122可操作以執行多種功能,如下文將進一步論述。多功能磁性隔離器電路122包括一隔離變壓器T2,其具有耦合至一初級側電路之一初級側繞組L4及耦合至一次級側電路之一次級側繞組L5。多功能磁性隔離器電路122包含一BJT Q11、一MOSFET開關M3、電阻器R7、R9、R28及R31、電容器C3、C5、C6、C19及C20、二極體D1、D6、D7、D8、D11及齊納二極體D5。
多功能磁性隔離器電路122磁性提供一次級偏壓電壓供應VCCS ,使電壓及/或電流誤差信號VFB自電源轉換器100之次級側電路經由隔離變壓器T2返回至初級側電路,且將同步閘極驅動器U3之時序信號自電源轉換器100之初級側電路驅動至次級側電路。
同步閘極驅動電路124可操作以驅動同步整流器開關M4。同步閘極驅動電路124包含驅動器U3、電阻器R1及R2、二極體D3及D4、電容器C4及齊納二極體D2。
如上文所提及,當主開關M1切斷時,在FET本體二極體傳導返馳電流通過變壓器T1之次級繞組L3之後即時導通同步整流器開關M4。當FET本體二極體經正向偏壓時且在主開關M1導通之前,由自磁性隔離變壓器T2接收之時脈信號CLOCK之後緣切斷同步整流器開關M4。此方案有利地達成零電壓切換且最小化同步整流器開關M4之切換損耗。齊納二極體D2處之齊納電壓確保同步整流器開關M4在主開關M1導通時保持切斷,且因此不受來自驅動脈衝之任何電壓突波影響。同步驅動器U3具有一反相輸入INV2、一非反相輸入NINV2及具有由圖2之表200指示之邏輯的一輸出VGATE_SYNC。
圖3包含複數個圖形300,其等展示根據一繪示實施方案之一起動操作且調節至一15伏特輸出期間之圖1A至圖1B之電源轉換器之各種波形。特定言之,圖3展示誤差控制信號V_FB_SLOPE_COMP、峰值電流信號V_IPEAK、主開關閘極信號VGATE_MAIN、同步整流器開關閘極信號VGATE_SYNC及輸出電壓信號VOUT。
圖4係展示誤差控制信號V_FB_SLOPE_COMP、峰值電流信號V_IPEAK、主開關閘極信號VGATE_MAIN及同步整流器開關閘極信號VGATE_SYNC (其展示閘極控制)之一放大圖的一圖形400。圖4之圖形400之輸入電壓係16 V。當峰值電流信號V_IPEAK與誤差控制信號V_FB_SLOPE_COMP交叉時,主開關閘極信號VGATE_MAIN即時終止。為防止高於50%工作週期之分諧波振盪,誤差控制或回饋信號V_FB_SLOPE_COMP包含用於經由電阻器R9使電容器C7放電來斜率補償之一內建斜坡。
圖5係展示針對42 V之一輸入電壓之誤差控制信號V_FB_SLOPE_COMP、峰值電流信號V_IPEAK、主開關閘極信號VGATE_MAIN及同步整流器開關閘極信號VGATE_SYNC之一放大圖的一圖形500。
圖6係展示主開關閘極信號VGATE_MAIN及同步整流器開關閘極信號VGATE_SYNC的一圖形600。圖形600繪示切斷同步整流器開關M4與接通主開關M1之前之間的死區時間。同樣地,在接通同步整流器開關M4之前切斷主開關M1。此由上文所論述之延時閘極驅動電路116達成。如上文所提及,此特徵防止由兩個開關M1及M4之同時導通引起之擊穿。
圖7係展示針對28 V之一輸入電壓之主開關閘極信號VGATE_MAIN、時脈信號CLOCK、延時閘極驅動電路116之閘極驅動器U2之非反相輸入信號NINV1及閘極驅動器U2之反相輸入信號INV1的一圖形700。圖8係展示誤差控制信號V_FB_SLOPE_COMP、峰值電流信號V_IPEAK、時脈信號CLOCK及峰值電流偵測器電路120之比較器U1之輸出信號U1_OUT的一圖形800。圖9係展示同步整流器開關閘極信號VGATE_SYNC、時脈信號CLOCK、同步閘極驅動電路124之閘極驅動器U3之反相輸入信號INV2及閘極驅動器U3之非反相輸入信號NINV2的一圖形900。如自圖形700、800及900可見,時脈信號CLOCK提供轉換器100之操作頻率且提供所有時序參考。主開關M1僅在時脈信號CLOCK之下降緣期間經由主開關閘極信號VGATE_MAIN接通且在峰值電流信號V_IPEAK與誤差控制信號V_FB_SLOPE_COMP交叉時終止。
有利地,本文中所論述之一或多個實施方案透過使用類比裝置及最少積體電路來達成同步返馳。此提供本設計之完全控制及所有權及允許各種組態(包含提供各種輸出功率範圍及各種輻射硬度位準之組態)之部件之選擇。
在至少一些實施方案中,提供使用離散組件來控制一返馳技術中之同步整流之時序。如上文所論述,主開關與同步整流器開關之間的延遲可由一時脈脈衝之後緣提供以接通主開關之前切斷同步整流器開關。在至少一些實施方案中,具有同步驅動能力之PWM控制器可使用8伏特或甚至更低電壓之輸入電壓來操作。此外,在至少一些實施方案中,無需使用一數位正反器來達成類比鎖存峰值電流模式控制。此可藉由使一單一比較器與由類比組件設定之一預設最大工作週期一起使用來進一步增強,如上文所描述。此外,在至少一些實施方案中,電源轉換器100可高頻(例如400 kHz或更高)操作。
以上詳細描述已經由使用方塊圖、示意圖及/或實例來闡述裝置及/或程序之各種實施方案。只要此等方塊圖、示意圖及/或實例含有一或多個功能及/或操作,則熟習技術者應瞭解,此等方塊圖、流程圖或實例內之各功能及/或操作可由各種硬體、軟體、韌體或其等之幾乎任何組合個別及/或共同實施。在一實施方案中,本發明可經由專用積體電路(ASIC)來實施。然而,熟習技術者應認識到,本文中所揭示之實施方案可作為在一或多個電腦上運行之一或多個電腦程式、韌體或其等之幾乎任何組合完全或部分等效實施於標準積體電路中,且一般技術者將完全鑑於本發明來設計電路及/或撰寫軟體及/或韌體之程式碼。
熟習技術者應認識到,本文中所闡述之諸多方法或演算法可採用額外動作,可省略一些動作,及/或可依不同於指定順序之一順序執行動作。
另外,熟習技術者應瞭解,本文中所教示之機構能夠依各種形式分佈為一程式產品,且繪示實施方案同樣適用,不管用於實際實施分佈之信號承載媒體之特定類型如何。信號承載媒體之實例包含(但不限於)如下:可記錄型之媒體(諸如軟碟)、硬碟機、CD ROM、數位磁帶及電腦記憶體。
上述各種實施方案可經組合以提供進一步實施方案。可鑑於以上詳細描述來對實施方案作出此等及其他改變。一般而言,在以下申請專利範圍中,所使用之術語不應被解釋為使請求項受限於本說明書及申請專利範圍中所揭示之特定實施方案,而是應被解釋為包含所有可行實施方案及此等請求項授權之等效物之全範疇。因此,申請專利範圍不受限於揭示內容。
100:電源轉換器 102:峰值電流模式控制(PCMC)控制器 104:電源系統電路 106:隔離次級控制或回饋電路 108:電流感測器電路 110:電壓感測器電路 112:誤差放大器 114:誤差放大器 116:延時閘極驅動電路 118:預設最大工作週期電路 120:峰值電流模式脈寬調變(PWM)終止器電路 121:峰值電流感測器電路 122:多功能磁性隔離器電路 124:同步閘極驅動電路 200:表 300:圖形 400:圖形 500:圖形 600:圖形 700:圖形 800:圖形 900:圖形 C1:輸出濾波電容器 C2:輸入電容器 C3:電容器 C4:電容器 C5:電容器 C6:電容器 C7:電容器 C16:電容器 C17:電容器 C18:電容器 C19:電容器 C20:電容器 C25:電容器 CLOCK:固定時脈信號輸入 d:低工作週期 D:工作週期 D1:二極體 D2:齊納二極體 D3:二極體 D4:二極體 D5:齊納二極體 D6:二極體 D7:二極體 D8:二極體 D9:齊納二極體 D11:二極體 Dmax:最大工作週期 INV1:反相輸入 INV2:反相輸入 IoutLOAD:負載電流 Ipeak:峰值電流 L1:輸入電感器 L2:初級繞組 L3:次級繞組 L4:初級側繞組 L5:次級側繞組 M1:主開關 M3:金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體(MOSFET)開關 M4:同步整流器開關 NINV1:非反相輸入 NINV2:非反相輸入 Q8:雙極接面電晶體(BJT) Q9:BJT Q10:BJT Q11:BJT R1:電阻器 R2:電阻器 R7:電阻器 R9:電阻器 R24:電阻器 R25:電阻器 R28:電阻器 R31:電阻器 R33:電阻器 RLOAD:負載 T1:變壓器 T2:隔離變壓器 U1:比較器 U1_OUT:輸出信號 U2:主開關閘極驅動器 U3:同步閘極驅動器 V1:DC電壓輸入 V2:內部初級側電壓源 VCCP:電壓 VCCS:次級偏壓電壓供應 VFB:回饋信號/電壓及/或電流誤差信號 V_FB_SLOPE_COMP:誤差控制信號 V_IPEAK:峰值電流信號 VGATE_MAIN:主開關閘極信號 VGATE_SYNC:同步整流器開關閘極信號 VIN:輸入電壓 VOUT:輸出電壓信號
在圖式中,相同元件符號識別類似元件或動作。圖式中元件之大小及相對位置未必按比例繪製。例如,各種元件之形狀及角度未必按比例繪製且一些此等元件可任意放大及定位以改良圖式可視性。此外,所繪製之元件之特定形狀未必意欲傳達有關特定元件之實際形狀之任何資訊,而是僅為使圖式便於辨識而選擇。
圖1A至圖1B係根據一繪示實施方案之包含一磁性峰值電流控制模式(PCMC)控制器之一電源轉換器之一示意電路圖。
圖2係根據一非限制性繪示實施方案之圖1A至圖1B之PCMC控制器之各種MOSFET驅動器(U2及U3)之一真值表。
圖3係展示根據一繪示實施方案之一起動操作期間之圖1A至圖1B之電源轉換器之各種波形的一圖形。
圖4係展示根據一非限制性繪示實施方案之針對16伏特之一輸入電壓之一誤差控制信號、一峰值電流信號、一主開關閘極信號及一同步整流器開關閘極信號之一放大圖的一圖形。
圖5係展示根據一非限制性繪示實施方案之針對42伏特之一輸入電壓之誤差控制信號、峰值電流信號、主開關閘極信號及同步整流器開關閘極信號之一放大圖的一圖形。
圖6係展示根據一非限制性繪示實施方案之主開關閘極信號及同步整流器開關閘極信號的一圖形。
圖7係展示根據一非限制性繪示實施方案之針對28 V之一輸入電壓之主開關閘極信號、一時脈信號、一延時閘極驅動電路之一比較器之一非反相輸入信號及延時閘極驅動電路之一反相輸入信號的一圖形。
圖8係展示根據一非限制性繪示實施方案之誤差控制信號、峰值電流信號、時脈信號及一峰值電流模式PWM終止器電路之一比較器之輸出信號的一圖形。
圖9係展示根據一非限制性繪示實施方案之同步整流器開關閘極信號、時脈信號、一同步閘極驅動電路之一比較器之一反相輸入信號及同步閘極驅動電路之比較器之一非反相輸入信號的一圖形。
100:電源轉換器
102:峰值電流模式控制(PCMC)控制器
104:電源系列電路
116:延時閘極驅動電路
118:預設最大工作週期電路
120:峰值電流模式脈寬調變(PWM)終止器電路
121:峰值電流感測器電路
124:同步閘極驅動電路
C1:輸出濾波電容器
C2:輸入電容器
C4:電容器
C7:電容器
C16:電容器
C17:電容器
C18:電容器
C25:電容器
CLOCK:固定時脈信號輸入
d:低工作週期
D:工作週期
D2:齊納二極體
D3:二極體
D4:二極體
D9:齊納二極體
Dmax:最大工作週期
INV1:反相輸入
INV2:反相輸入
IoutLOAD:負載電流
Ipeak:峰值電流
L1:輸入電感器
L2:初級繞組
L3:次級繞組
M1:主開關
M4:同步整流器開關
NINV1:非反相輸入
NINV2:非反相輸入
Q8:雙極接面電晶體(BJT)
Q9:BJT
Q10:BJT
R1:電阻器
R2:電阻器
R24:電阻器
R25:電阻器
R33:電阻器
RLOAD:負載
T1:變壓器
U1:比較器
U1_OUT:輸出信號
U2:主開關閘極驅動器
U3:同步閘極驅動器
V1:DC電壓輸入
V2:內部初級側電壓源
VCCP:電壓
VCCS:次級偏壓電壓供應
V_FB_SLOPE_COMP:誤差控制信號
V_IPEAK:峰值電流信號
VGATE_MAIN:主開關閘極信號
VGATE_SYNC:同步整流器開關閘極信號
VIN:輸入電壓
VOUT:輸出電壓信號

Claims (24)

  1. 一種用於一電源轉換器之峰值電流模式控制(PCMC)控制器,該電源轉換器包括具有一初級繞組及一次級繞組之一主變壓器,該初級繞組係可電耦合至一輸入電壓節點且經電耦合至一主開關,該次級繞組係可電耦合至一輸出電壓節點且經電耦合至一同步整流器開關,該PCMC控制器包括: 一峰值電流偵測器電路,其具有經可操作地耦合至在操作中感測該電源轉換器之一電流之一電流感測器電路之一第一輸入節點、經可操作地耦合至一誤差控制信號電路之一第二輸入節點,及提供至少部分可用於控制該主開關之操作之一峰值電流偵測器輸出信號之一輸出節點,在操作中,該峰值電流偵測器電路比較自該電流感測器電路接收之一電流感測器信號與自該誤差控制信號電路接收之一誤差控制信號,且回應於偵測到該電流感測器信號超過該誤差控制信號而改變該峰值電流偵測器輸出信號之狀態; 一磁性隔離器電路,其包括一隔離變壓器,該隔離變壓器包括一初級繞組及一次級繞組,該磁性隔離器電路包括經可操作地耦合至該誤差控制信號電路之一第一輸入節點、經可操作地耦合至一時脈電路以自其接收一時脈信號之一第二輸入節點、經電耦合至該峰值電流偵測器電路之該第二輸入節點以將該誤差控制信號提供至該峰值電流偵測器電路之一第一輸出節點,及經電耦合至該隔離變壓器之該次級繞組之一第二輸出節點;及 一同步閘極驅動電路,其包括經可操作地耦合至該主變壓器之該次級繞組之一第一輸入節點、經可操作地耦合至該磁性隔離器電路之該第二輸出節點之一第二輸入節點,及經可操作地耦合以控制該同步整流器開關之操作之一輸出節點。
  2. 如請求項1之PCMC控制器,其中該峰值電流偵測器電路包括一比較器,且該同步閘極驅動電路包括一MOSFET驅動器。
  3. 如請求項1之PCMC控制器,其中該磁性隔離器電路包含向該PCMC控制器之次級側電路提供一電壓源之電路。
  4. 如請求項1之PCMC控制器,進一步包括: 一延時閘極驅動電路,其包括經可操作地耦合至該時脈電路以自其接收該時脈信號之一第一輸入節點、經可操作地耦合至該峰值電流偵測器電路之該輸出節點之一第二輸入節點,及經可操作地耦合以至少部分基於該時脈信號及該峰值電流偵測器輸出信號來控制該主開關之操作之一輸出節點,在操作中,該延時閘極驅動電路僅在該同步整流器開關已在一切換循環期間切斷之後引起主開關接通。
  5. 如請求項4之PCMC控制器,其中該延時閘極驅動電路包括一電阻-電容(RC)電路。
  6. 如請求項4之PCMC控制器,其中該延時閘極驅動電路包括一MOSFET閘極驅動器。
  7. 如請求項4之PCMC控制器,進一步包括: 一預設最大工作週期電路,其包括經可操作地耦合至該時脈電路以自其接收該時脈信號之一輸入節點,及經可操作地耦合至該延時閘極驅動電路之該第二輸入節點之一輸出節點,在操作中,當前最大工作週期設定該電源轉換器之該主開關之一最大工作週期。
  8. 如請求項7之PCMC控制器,其中該預設最大工作週期電路包括第一及第二互補雙極接面電晶體。
  9. 如請求項1之PCMC控制器,其中該磁性隔離器電路包括經可操作地耦合至該隔離變壓器之該初級繞組之一磁性隔離器電路開關,且其中該磁性隔離器電路之該第二輸入節點經可操作地耦合以控制該同步整流器開關之操作。
  10. 如請求項1之PCMC控制器,其中該同步閘極驅動電路係可操作以在該主開關切斷各循環之後引起該同步整流器開關接通,且在該主開關於一隨後循環期間接通之前引起該同步整流器開關切斷。
  11. 如請求項1之PCMC控制器,進一步包括: 該電流感測器電路包括在操作中感測該電源轉換器之一電流之一電流傳感器。
  12. 如請求項11之PCMC控制器,其中該電流傳感器包括一變壓器或一電阻器。
  13. 一種電源轉換器,其包括: 一變壓器,其具有一初級繞組及一次級繞組,該初級繞組係可電耦合至一輸入電壓節點,且該次級繞組係可電耦合至一輸出電壓節點; 一初級電路,其經電耦合至該初級繞組,該初級電路包括一主開關; 一次級電路,其經電耦合至該次級繞組,該初級電路包括一同步整流器開關;及 一峰值電流模式控制(PCMC)控制器,其包括: 一峰值電流偵測器電路,其具有經可操作地耦合至在操作中感測該電源轉換器之一電流之一電流感測器電路之一第一輸入節點、經可操作地耦合至一誤差控制信號電路之一第二輸入節點,及提供至少部分可用於控制該主開關之操作之一峰值電流偵測器輸出信號之一輸出節點,在操作中,該峰值電流偵測器電路比較自該電流感測器電路接收之一電流感測器信號與自該誤差控制信號電路接收之一誤差控制信號,且回應於偵測到該電流感測器信號超過該誤差控制信號而改變該峰值電流偵測器輸出信號之狀態; 一磁性隔離器電路,其包括一隔離變壓器,該隔離變壓器包括一初級繞組及一次級繞組,該磁性隔離器電路包括經可操作地耦合至該誤差控制信號電路之一第一輸入節點、經可操作地耦合至一時脈電路以自其接收一時脈信號之一第二輸入節點、經電耦合至該峰值電流偵測器電路之該第二輸入節點以將該誤差控制信號提供至該峰值電流偵測器電路之一第一輸出節點,及經電耦合至該隔離變壓器之該次級繞組之一第二輸出節點;及 一同步閘極驅動電路,其包括經可操作地耦合至該主變壓器之該次級繞組之一第一輸入節點、經可操作地耦合至該磁性隔離器電路之該第二輸出節點之一第二輸入節點,及經可操作地耦合以控制該同步整流器開關之操作之一輸出節點。
  14. 如請求項13之電源轉換器,其中該峰值電流偵測器電路包括一比較器,且該同步閘極驅動電路包括一MOSFET驅動器。
  15. 如請求項13之電源轉換器,其中該磁性隔離器電路包含向該PCMC控制器之次級側提供一電壓源之電路。
  16. 如請求項13之電源轉換器,進一步包括: 一延時閘極驅動電路,其包括經可操作地耦合至該時脈電路以自其接收該時脈信號之一第一輸入節點、經可操作地耦合至該峰值電流偵測器電路之該輸出節點之一第二輸入節點,及經可操作地耦合以至少部分基於該時脈信號及該峰值電流偵測器輸出信號來控制該主開關之操作之一輸出節點,在操作中,該延時閘極驅動電路僅在該同步整流器開關已在一切換循環期間切斷之後引起主開關接通。
  17. 如請求項16之電源轉換器,其中該延時閘極驅動電路包括一電阻-電容(RC)電路。
  18. 如請求項16之電源轉換器,進一步包括: 一預設最大工作週期電路,其包括經可操作地耦合至該時脈電路以自其接收該時脈信號之一輸入節點,及經可操作地耦合至該延時閘極驅動電路之該第二輸入節點之一輸出節點,在操作中,當前最大工作週期設定該電源轉換器之該主開關之一最大工作週期。
  19. 如請求項18之電源轉換器,其中該預設最大工作週期電路包括第一及第二互補雙極接面電晶體。
  20. 如請求項13之電源轉換器,其中該磁性隔離器電路包括經可操作地耦合至該隔離變壓器之該初級繞組之一磁性隔離器電路開關,且其中該磁性隔離器電路之該第二輸入節點經可操作地耦合以控制該同步整流器開關之操作。
  21. 如請求項13之電源轉換器,其中該同步閘極驅動電路係可操作以在該主開關切斷各循環之後引起該同步整流器開關接通,且在該主開關於一隨後循環內接通之前引起該同步整流器開關切斷。
  22. 如請求項13之電源轉換器,進一步包括: 該電流感測器電路,其包括在操作中感測該電源轉換器之一電流之一電流傳感器。
  23. 如請求項22之電源轉換器,其中該電流傳感器包括一變壓器或一電阻器。
  24. 一種用於一電源轉換器之峰值電流模式控制(PCMC)控制器,該電源轉換器包括具有一初級繞組及一次級繞組之一主變壓器,該初級繞組係可電耦合至一輸入電壓節點且經電耦合至一主開關,該次級繞組係可電耦合至一輸出電壓節點且經電耦合至一同步整流器開關,該PCMC控制器包括: 一磁性隔離器電路,其包括一隔離變壓器,該隔離變壓器包括經電耦合至一初級側電路之一初級繞組及經電耦合至一次級側電路之一次級繞組,該磁性隔離器電路包括在操作中將一電壓供應提供至該次級側電路、將一誤差控制信號自該次級側電路提供至該初級側電路及提供可由一同步閘極驅動電路用於控制該同步整流器開關之操作之一輸出信號的電路。
TW108134561A 2018-11-06 2019-09-25 用於輻射容錯主動驅動同步電源轉換器之磁性峰值電流模式控制 TWI733198B (zh)

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