TWI436985B - 雜環自由基之使用方法、有機半導體材料及電子或光電組件 - Google Patents
雜環自由基之使用方法、有機半導體材料及電子或光電組件 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI436985B TWI436985B TW096109810A TW96109810A TWI436985B TW I436985 B TWI436985 B TW I436985B TW 096109810 A TW096109810 A TW 096109810A TW 96109810 A TW96109810 A TW 96109810A TW I436985 B TWI436985 B TW I436985B
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- alkyl
- alkynyl
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 105
- -1 alkyl decyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 33
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 29
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000005265 dialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000005347 halocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 48
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 28
- 241000234282 Allium Species 0.000 claims 24
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 claims 24
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims 24
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims 24
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 24
- 125000002757 morpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 24
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 24
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 24
- 125000004525 thiadiazinyl group Chemical group S1NN=C(C=C1)* 0.000 claims 24
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 24
- 125000004568 thiomorpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 24
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 18
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 18
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 18
- 125000005309 thioalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims 18
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 17
- 125000005266 diarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 claims 16
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 15
- 150000003975 aryl alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 claims 15
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 15
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 15
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 15
- 125000005296 thioaryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims 15
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 claims 12
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 6
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 5
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 150000001983 dialkylethers Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 claims 3
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims 3
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- XIUROWKZWPIAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfotep Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)OP(=S)(OCC)OCC XIUROWKZWPIAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 125000005000 thioaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims 3
- IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran Chemical compound S1C=CC=C=C1 IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N nifuroxazide Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)N\N=C\C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1 YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 28
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 22
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 12
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 6
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- KBLZDCFTQSIIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC KBLZDCFTQSIIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003413 spiro compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004770 highest occupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEFLKXRACNJHOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dibromopropane Chemical compound BrCCCBr VEFLKXRACNJHOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-thione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(S)=NC2=C1 YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010073306 Exposure to radiation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTWDAJHHDJYILK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,3-dimethyl-2-propan-2-ylimidazol-1-ium;perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.CC(C)C=1N(C)C=C[N+]=1C CTWDAJHHDJYILK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWYUFVNJZUSCSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminobenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(N)=NC2=C1 JWYUFVNJZUSCSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDZYRENCLPUXAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C)=NC2=C1 LDZYRENCLPUXAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBVBFKPJZFNFNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dichlorobenzene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1N PBVBFKPJZFNFNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTZCNONABJSHNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21,23-dihydroporphyrin zinc Chemical compound [Zn].c1cc2nc1c(-c1ccccc1)c1ccc([nH]1)c(-c1ccccc1)c1ccc(n1)c(-c1ccccc1)c1ccc([nH]1)c2-c1ccccc1 GTZCNONABJSHNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000291564 Allium cepa Species 0.000 description 1
- DGWSNUKQRDJSLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)C1=C(C=2C=C3C(=C(C(=CC=4C(=C(C(=CC5=C(C(=C(N5)C=C1N2)CC)CC)N4)CC)CC)N3)CC)CC)CC.[Zn] Chemical compound C(C)C1=C(C=2C=C3C(=C(C(=CC=4C(=C(C(=CC5=C(C(=C(N5)C=C1N2)CC)CC)N4)CC)CC)N3)CC)CC)CC.[Zn] DGWSNUKQRDJSLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940123457 Free radical scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 244000131316 Panax pseudoginseng Species 0.000 description 1
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- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004847 absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BCQZXOMGPXTTIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N halothane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Br BCQZXOMGPXTTIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003132 halothane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940071870 hydroiodic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009343 monoculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N n'-amino-n-iminomethanimidamide Chemical group N\N=C\N=N VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNIQZVXRZZNCIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-1h-benzimidazol-1-ium-2-amine;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=C2NC(=[N+](C)C)NC2=C1 PNIQZVXRZZNCIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007978 oxazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- URPYKONFXFWHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazine;quinoxaline Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1.N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 URPYKONFXFWHJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D235/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings
- C07D235/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
-
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D487/14—Ortho-condensed systems
-
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- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
-
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/16—Electron transporting layers
- H10K50/165—Electron transporting layers comprising dopants
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- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Description
本發明係關於一種雜環自由基或雙自由基、其二聚物、其寡聚物、其聚合物、其二螺化合物及其多環化合物,關於其使用方法,關於有機半導體材料及關於電子組件。
已知可藉由摻雜來改善有機半導體的電子性質,特別是它們的電導性,如同亦在無機半導體的情況,例如矽半導體。此處,起初為非常低的電導性可由產生電荷載體於基質材料而增加,及依據所使用摻質形式而定亦可達到在半導體費米能位的變化。在此情況摻雜產生電荷傳送層電導性的增加,其結果為歐姆損失減少,及產生接觸點及有機層之間改良的電荷載體傳送。
目前為止所使用的無機摻質,例如鹼或鹼土金屬(例如銫)或路易士酸(例如FeCl3
),在有機基質材料的情況因為它們的高擴散係數而一般為不利的,因為電子組件的功能及穩定性受損,這些無機摻質亦伴隨製造上的困難,因為它們在室溫一般具高蒸氣壓及在真空製程可污染製造系統,特別是鹼及鹼土金屬具因其對空氣的高反應性而使其使用更為困難的進一步缺點。亦已知經由化學反應釋出摻質於半導體基質材料中,以提供摻質,然而,以此方式所釋出的摻質的氧化電位常不足以進行各種應用,例如特別是對有機發光二極體(OLEDs),而且,當摻質釋出時,亦會產生其他化合物及/或原子,例如原子狀氫,其結果為經摻雜層
的性質及相對應電子組件的性質受損。
而且,用做摻質的化合物常不會具個別應用的足夠低的解離電位。
本發明目的為提供一種新穎化合物,其可用做n-摻質、用做注入層或是做為阻障層,其中該化合物亦具足夠低的氧化電位以產生有機發光二極體的電子傳送層,而不會具任何破壞作用於該基質材料,及係意欲提供於基質材料中電荷載體數目的有效增加及為相當易於處理的。
本發明進一步目的在於訂定這些化合物的可能用途,在於提供有機半導體材料及電子組件或光電組件,於此該化合物係用於光引發記憶體。
第一目的係由雜環自由基或雙自由基、其二聚物、其寡聚物、其聚合物、其二螺化合物及其多環化合物所達到,其係於申請專利範圍第1項提供。進一步目的係由進一步獨立項申請專利範圍的主題達到,且較佳具體實施例係於子申請專利範圍提供。
更佳為具下列結構的化合物:
結構5e-5o及3h中R0
、R1-12
可自申請專利範圍第1項所提供的R的定義選出。
而且,結構5c較佳為具R1
-R16
=H或R1
、R4
-R16
=H及R2
、R3
=CH3
。
此外特佳化合物係基於結構1a,其具Y=NR21
且R21
=烷基,較佳為甲基;且R0
、R21
=烷基,較佳為甲苯;R1
、R2
=芳基,特別是苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、茴香基、噻嗯基、呋喃基、烷基,特別是環己基、環戊基、n-烷基;或是具R1
=烷基,特別是甲基、乙基、丙基,及R2
=芳基,特別是特別是苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、茴香基、噻嗯基、呋喃基的混合變化。
在本發明內文內,名稱”二聚物”係了解為表示由將兩
個單自由基或雙自由基彼此反應而產生的化合物。
名稱”寡聚物”係了解為表示由複數個雙自由基所組成的化合物,其中雙自由基的第一自由基端與其他雙自由基的第一端反應及新形成的、較大雙自由基的第二端必然與第二進一步雙自由基反應。此種寡聚物的末端可與單自由基反應。
名稱”聚合物”係了解為表示一種化合物,當與寡聚物相較,係包含大數目雙自由基。
根據本發明”二螺化合物”係為一種雙自由基的分子內加成產物,其自由基中心係由該類的結構元件所分離,該結構元件連接攜帶自由基的碳原子,亦即加至彼此的碳原子。
名稱”多環”係表示包含一種雙自由基的分子內加成產物,其自由基中心係由該類的結構元件所分離,該結構元件連接含有自由基的碳原子外的至少一個其他碳原子(例如至少一個原子在α位置)。
自由基R0
-R19
、R21
、R22
及R23
較佳為經取代的芳基,其中取代基較佳為給電子自由基,例如,二烷基胺、久洛尼定、二芳基胺、烷基芳基胺、二雜環胺基、二雜烷基胺、烷氧基、芳氧基、烷基硫醇基、芳基硫醇基、烷基、甲矽基、鹵烷基、環烷基、鹵環烷基、烯基、炔基、三烷基甲矽基炔基或苯乙烯基。
所有所提出的化合物可為全氟化的或部分全氟化的,特別是飽和橋狀或柄狀的形式。
令人驚訝地發現的是得到較先前已知供體化合物的情況為更強及/或更穩定的摻質若自由基及雙自由基、其二聚物、其寡聚物、其二螺化合物及其多環化合物係以其中性形式用做有機半導體基質材料的n-摻質。特別是,當使用根據本發明化合物做為n-摻質時,在用做電子組件的應用中電荷傳送層的導電度可顯著增加及/或在接觸點及有機層之間電荷載體的傳送可顯著改善,根據本發明化合物本身亦可用做傳送材料。在產生有機半導體材料的蒸氣沉積方法期間的自由基(或二聚物)與傳統基質材料之間濃度比所以可為10:1。
不受限於此,假設當根據本發明所揭示雜環化合物係用於經摻雜層,伴隨各自雜環自由基及雙自由基的陽離子形成,特別是藉由至少一個電子自各自雜環自由基或雙自由基、其二聚物、其寡聚物、其二螺化合物及其多環化合物,至周圍基質材料的轉移而形成。在該方法,基質材料的陰離子亦形成,其可在基質材料上移動,以此方式,基質材料得到與未經摻雜基質材料的導電度相較為增加的導電度,未經摻雜基質材料的導電度一般<10-8
姆歐/公分,特別是常<10-10
姆歐/公分。應確保基質材料具足夠高的純度,此種純度可使用習知方法達到,例如梯度昇華。藉由摻雜,此種基質材料的導電度可增加至超過10-8
姆歐/公分,常>10-6
姆歐/公分,此特別可應用於具還原電位少於-1伏特比Fc/Fc+
的基質材料,較佳為少於-1.7伏特比Fc/Fc+
,特別是少於-2.1伏特比Fc/Fc+
,符號表記Fc/Fc+
係相關於氧化還原
對二茂鐵/二茂鐵離子,其係用做電化學電位決定的參考,例如循環伏安。
在本發明,摻質係了解為表示在一方面混合的材料("該層係與摻質摻雜”),在另一方面,該摻質可為產生電荷轉移導電度的氧化還原活性物質(“該摻質產生n-摻雜”)。假設二聚物等為第一種形式的摻質,然而,相對應自由基為第二種形式的摻質。
根據本發明亦發現雜環自由基或雙自由基及其衍生物可用做電子組件的注入層,較佳為在電極與半導體層之間,其亦可為摻雜的,或是亦可用做阻擋層,較佳為在射極層與傳送層之間,或是用做在電子組件的半導體層。進一步發現有機半導體的激光誘發或光誘發的可逆摻雜藉由根據本發明化合物為可能的,特別是藉由使用電磁輻射及n-傳導半導體的後續不可逆摻雜裂解它們的二聚物或寡聚物或二螺化合物而產生該自由基及雙自由基為可能的。
可了解使用根據本發明化合物可做為食品化學、醫藥、消防的自由基清除者或抗氧劑或是做為殺蟲劑,特別是做為殺蟲劑、除草藥、防霉劑或其類似物。做為自由基反應(較佳為自由基誘發聚合或活性自由基聚合)的自由基引發劑的用途亦為可理解的。最後,應提及在有機電子及光電組件中三元雙自由基亦可用做為記憶體或切換結構形式的磁性化合物。
回到本發明雜環自由基、雙自由基及其衍生物可用做摻質的較佳用途,摻雜可藉由下列三種機構以光誘發形式
發生:
1.二聚物/寡聚物/聚合物/二螺化合物或多環化合物本身吸收合適波長的電磁輻射及於是裂解為摻雜自由基或是雙自由基。電子自自由基/雙自由基的HOMO轉移至基質材料的LUMO。
2.該基質材料藉由暴露於電磁輻射而激化,使得電子自摻質(二聚物/寡聚物/聚合物/二螺化合物/多環化合物)的HOMO轉移至先前的HOMO,其現在為單佔的,摻質接著進行不可逆反應。
3.該摻質(二聚物/寡聚物/聚合物/二螺化合物/多環化合物)光化學地活化,接著自該摻質的單佔LUMO至該基質材料的LUMO的電子轉移發生,摻質接著進形不可逆反應。
然而,各種機構同時發生亦為可能的,及最終電子轉移可藉由未於此處提及的不同機構發生,例如藉由鍵的熱裂解,然而,一旦關斷電磁輻射源,所有或部分導電為不可逆的及為永遠存在的。
現在以下列實例為基礎敘述根據本發明化合物的進一步目的及優點,這些實例必須僅以說明方式考慮及絕不意欲限制本發明範圍。
根據本發明摻質令人驚訝地具關於與大氣的反應性的高穩定性。
合成方法
根據本發明自由基、雙自由基及其衍生物可由已知方
法合成,應了解所引用文獻僅以實例方式提及。
示意地顯示對所有所敘述化合物得到自由基/雙自由基的完整方式,使用苯並咪唑為實例。
苯並咪唑c可由鄰-苯二胺a
及適當羧酸衍生物(M.R.DeLuca,S.M.KerwinTetrahedron 1997
,53
457-64)或醛類(M.Curini等Synlett 2004
,10
,1832-4)容易地合成。亦參考:M.R.Grimmett”咪唑及苯並咪唑合成”學院出版;Harcourt Brace & Company,Publishers,London,San Diego,New York,Boston。鄰-苯二胺可商業購得或是可藉由例如Suschitsky等的方法得到(J.Chem.Soc.Chem.Comm. 1977
,189-190)。苯並噻唑衍生物或噁唑衍生物可以相同方式經由鄰-氫硫基或鄰-羥苯胺得到。在雜環五元環c
的N-原子在鹼存在下與硫酸二甲酯或硫酸二乙酯之烷化(H.Quast,E.Schmitt Chem.Ber.1968, 101
,4012-14)或是與烷基鹵之烷化發生。相對應陽離子產物(雜砷化合物)d
可以中性形式分離,例如以高氯酸鹽、四氟硼酸鹽、鹵化物、四苯硼酸鹽
或六氟磷酸鹽或是與其他合適平衡離子的形式分離。
該自由基可藉由鹼金屬化學地製備或是自相對應雜芳香族陽離子由還原電化學地或是光化學地製備(T.Muramatsu等Chemistry Letters 1996,
151-2;Pragst等J.Electroanal.Chem. 1984,
180,141-56,J.Heinze,H.Baumgartel,Ber.Bunsenges,1972
76/2 94)。
然而,該自由基地快速反應進一步形成二聚物f、寡聚物、聚合物、二螺化合物i
或多環化合物(三環)l
。自由基實際發生做為中間階段的事實可藉由ESR吸收光譜偵測。
雙-[3-甲基-2-烷基-1,2-二氫苯並噻唑基-(2)]及雙-[3-甲基-2-芳基-1,2-二氫苯並噻唑基-(2)]化合物可經由苯並噻唑鹽及合適Grignard化合物直接得到/A.Kinya;S,Hiroaki;I.Naoki;Bull Chem Soc.日本1979
52/1,156-9。
二螺化合物i
可由2.2’-橋狀苯並咪唑形成。
得到經N
-取代的雜芳香族陽離子
實例1:
2-甲基氫硫基-1,3-二甲基苯並咪唑高氯酸鹽
懸浮0.1莫耳的2-硫醇基苯駢咪唑於70毫升的水中,加入0.3莫耳NaHCO3
及0.5莫耳硫酸二甲酯及於室溫過夜攪拌。將12毫升50%四氟硼酸逐滴加至該清澈溶液,冷卻之及以吸引及再結晶自1,2-二氯乙烷移除沉澱物。
Fp.=160-3℃
實例2:
2-哌啶基-1,3-二甲基苯並咪唑高氯酸鹽
0.01莫耳的2-甲基氫硫基-1,3-二甲基苯並咪唑高氯酸鹽與0.01莫耳哌啶於250毫升二噁烷回流下加熱4小時。以吸引及再結晶自乙醇移除固體。
Fp.179℃
實例3:
2-二甲基胺基苯並咪唑氯
0.05莫耳的鄰-苯二銨二氯與0.05莫耳二氯亞甲基-N,N-二甲基亞胺氯於100毫升二噁烷中在室溫下攪拌12小時。接著於回流下加熱2.5-3小時,以由吸引及使用乙醚洗以移除固體,自乙醇再結晶。
Fp.293℃
實例4:
1,4-雙-1’,1”,3’,3”-四甲基苯並咪唑-2’,2”-丁烷
懸浮0.01莫耳的1,4-雙苯並咪唑基-2’,2”-丁烷於30毫升的包含50%水及50%乙二醇一甲醚的混合物中,加入0.06莫耳碳酸氫鈉及0.05莫耳硫酸二甲酯及於室溫過夜攪拌。接著過濾及使用10毫升濃高氯酸沉澱。
實例5:
2,3,5,6-四氫-1H,4H-3a,10b-二氮-6a-氮螢蔥
0.1莫耳的2-氨基苯並咪唑與0.2莫耳1,3-二溴丙烷及0.3莫耳KCO3
於250毫升DMF於120℃加熱8小時。以吸引移除固體及完全濃縮溶劑及於甲醇中吸收及接著加入70%高氯酸。以甲醇、水及再次以甲醇洗經沉澱白色晶體。
Fp.242℃
實例6:
2-異丙基-1,3-二甲基咪唑高氯酸鹽
懸浮0.1莫耳的2-硫醇基苯駢咪唑於70毫升的水中,加入0.3莫耳NaHCO3
及0.5莫耳硫酸二甲酯及於室溫攪拌過夜。將10毫升70%高氯酸逐滴加至該清澈溶液,冷卻之及以吸引移除沉澱物及自乙醇再結晶。
Fp.=346℃
實例7:
雙-(N,N’,2,2’-四甲基-1H-苯並咪唑)-1,3-丁烷二碘
於氬下懸浮0.02莫耳的NaH於20毫升二甲氧基乙烷及於冰浴下加入0.02莫耳2-甲基苯並咪唑。一旦氣體放出完成,於室溫持續攪拌60分鐘及逐滴加入0.01莫耳1,3-二溴丙烷及攪拌10分鐘。於水浴中於60℃加熱反應混合
物4.5小時,於室溫過夜攪拌及倒於冰/水上。由在真空吸引及乾燥移除該經沉澱粗產品。將0.005莫耳此中間產物置於30毫升水,加入0.015莫耳NaHCO3
及0.015莫耳硫酸二甲酯,攪拌過夜及以1-2毫升濃氫碘酸沉澱。
Fp.:分解>306℃
實例8:
1,2,3,5,6,7-六甲基苯並-1,7-二氫苯並[1,2-d,4,5-d’]二咪唑二高氯酸鹽
懸浮0.013莫耳的2,6-二甲基苯並-1,7-二氫苯並[1,2-d,4,5-d’]二咪唑於約40-50毫升水及加入0.078莫耳NaHCO3
及0.064莫耳硫酸二甲酯,於室溫攪拌12小時及逐滴加入4-5毫升70%高氯酸。以吸引移除白色沉澱物及以甲醇、水及再次以甲醇洗之。
Fp.:>350℃
得到自由基、雙自由基及其二聚物或其寡聚物及其二螺化合物或其多環化合物
實例a:
雙-[1,3-二甲基-2-N-哌啶基-1,2-二氫苯並咪唑-(2)]
於回流下加熱0.01莫耳的2-N-哌啶基-1,3-二甲基苯並咪唑四氟硼酸鹽與於THF的鉀,過濾、濃縮及冷卻。以吸引移除經沉澱晶體及以冷乙腈洗之。
Fp.:195℃
實例b:
雙-[1,3-二甲基-2-異丙基-1,2-二氫苯並咪唑-(2)]
溶解1,3-二甲基-2-異丙基苯並咪唑高氯酸鹽於0.1莫耳濃度的高氯酸四丁基銨於乙腈及於使用汞電極於-2.3伏特的三室式電解槽沉澱。以吸引移除白色沉澱物,以冷乙腈洗之及於真空乾燥。
Fp.:146℃
實例c:
雙-[1,3-二甲基-2-N-哌啶基-1,2-二氫苯並咪唑-(2)]
溶解1,3-二甲基-2-N-哌啶基苯並咪唑高氯酸鹽於0.1莫耳濃度的高氯酸四丁基銨/DMF及於使用汞電極於-2.3伏特的三室式電解槽沉澱。以吸引移除白色沉澱物,以乙腈洗之及於真空乾燥。
Fp.:120℃
實例d:
雙-[1,3,5,6-四甲基-2-異丙基-1,2-二氫苯並咪
唑-(2)]
於回流下加熱0.01莫耳的1,3,5,6-四甲基-2-異丙基苯並咪唑四氟硼酸鹽與於THF的鉀,過濾、濃縮及冷卻。以吸引移除經沉澱晶體及以冷乙腈洗之。
或是溶解1,3,5,6-四甲基-2-異丙基苯並咪唑高氯酸鹽於0.1莫耳濃度的高氯酸四丁基銨/DMF及於使用汞電極於-2.3伏特的三室式電解槽沉澱。以吸引移除白色沉澱物,以乙腈洗之及於真空乾燥。
Fp.:129-30℃
實例e:
2-異丙基-1,3-二甲基-2,3,6,7-四氫-1H-5,8-二氧雜-1,3-二氮雜環戊烯並[α]萘
溶解0.1莫耳濃度的高氯酸四丁基銨/乙腈及於使用汞電極於-2.4伏特的三室式電解槽沉澱。以吸引移除白色沉澱物,以乙腈洗之及於真空乾燥。
Fp.:142℃
實例f:
1,2,3,5,6,7-六甲基苯並-1,7-二氫苯並[1,2-d,4,5-d’]二咪唑-(2)寡聚物雙自由基
溶解1,2,3,5,6,7-六甲基苯並-1,7-二氫苯並[1,2-d,4,5-d’]二咪唑二高氯酸鹽於0.1莫耳濃度的高氯酸四丁基銨/DMF及於使用汞電極於-2.3伏特的三室式電解槽沉澱。以吸引移除白色沉澱物,以乙腈洗之及於真空乾燥。
Fp.:>250℃
實例g:
雙-[1,3-二甲基-2-異丙基-1,2,4,5,6,7-六氫苯並咪
唑-(2)]
溶解0.01莫耳1,3-二甲基-2-異丙基-4,5,6,7-四氫苯並咪唑六氟磷酸鹽於0.1莫耳濃度的六氟磷酸四丁基銨於DMF及於使用汞電極於-2.6伏特的三室式電解槽沉澱。以吸引移除白色沉澱物,以乙腈洗之及於真空乾燥。
Fp.:127-9℃
實例h:
雙-[4,5-二苯基-2-異丙基-1,2-二氫苯並咪
唑-(2)]
溶解4,5-二苯基-2-異丙基咪唑六氟磷酸鹽於0.1莫耳
濃度的六氟磷酸四丁基銨於DMF及於使用汞電極於-2.45伏特的三室式電解槽沉澱。以吸引移除白色沉澱物,以乙腈洗之及於真空乾燥。
Fp.:160-3℃
實例i:
雙-[3-苄基-2-異丙基-1,2-二氫苯並咪
唑-(2)]
溶解3-苄基-2-異丙基苯並噻唑高氯酸鹽於0.1莫耳濃度的高氯酸四丁基銨於乙腈及於使用汞電極於-2.3伏特的三室式電解槽沉澱。以吸引移除白色沉澱物,以乙腈洗之及於真空乾燥。
Fp.:146℃
掺雜
基質材料
做為可n-掺雜基質材料,使用喹啉複合物,例如鋁的或是其他主族金屬的喹啉複合物,其中喹啉配位基亦可被取代。特別是,該基質材料可為參(8-羥基喹啉)鋁。亦可選擇性地使用其他具O及/或N供體原子的鋁複合物,常見的基質材料亦可為酞菁鋅(ZnPc)或四苯基卟啉鋅(ZnTPP),這些僅為酞菁或卟啉複合物的少數實例。
喹啉複合物可包含例如一、二或三個喹啉配位基,其中其他配位基較佳為與O及/或N供體原子複合至中央原子,例如上述的A1複合物。
做為基質材料,亦可能使用菲羅啉,其可為經取代的或是未經取代的,特別是芳基-取代的,例如苯基-或萘基-取代的,特別是Bphen可用做基質材料。
做為基質材料,亦可能使用雜原子,例如特別是三唑、亦可能為吡咯、咪唑、三唑、吡啶、嘧啶、噠嗪、喹噁啉、吡嗪-喹噁啉及其類似物。雜原子較佳為經取代的,特別是芳基-取代的,例如苯基-或萘基-取代的。特別是,下列三唑可用做基質材料。其他基質材料可於A.P.Kulkarni等,Chem.Mater.16,4556ff.(2004)透視。
所使用基質材料較佳為完全由金屬酞菁複合物組成,特別是ZnPc、樸啉複合物、或是C60球形碳分子,特別是富勒烯C60。要了解,在本發明內文內,該基質材料亦可用於與另一個或是與其他材料的混合物。要了解亦可能使用具半導體性質的合適其他有機基質材料。
掺雜方法
在掺雜方法期間,聚合物、寡聚物或二聚物化合物或二螺化合物分解其結果為環打開以產生實際掺雜自由基,聚合物、寡聚物及二聚物化合物及二螺化合物的分解亦在混合層製造之前、期間或之後以光誘發方式進行,及所以半導體層於電磁輻射,較佳為於紫外光及/或可見光的暴露,有利地於混合氣相沉積(混合物包含掺雜劑及基質)之前、期間或之後進行。而且,在氣相沉積期間暴露於熱可產生聚合物、寡聚物、及二聚物或二螺化合物的裂解為具掺雜性質的自由基,對一些應用在製造期間或之後加熱經混合層亦為有利的。
使用根據本發明組合物掺雜個別基質材料可由下列方法的其中一個或組合進行:
a)使用一個來源做為基質材料及一個做為掺雜劑於真空進行混合氣相沉積,b)基質材料及n-掺雜劑於基材的循序沉積及掺雜劑的後續向內擴散,特別是藉由熱處理,c)基質材料與n-掺雜劑溶液的掺雜,接著為溶劑的蒸發,特別是藉由熱處理,d)藉由施用於表面的掺雜劑層的基質材料層的表面掺雜,e)基質分子與掺雜劑溶液的製備及藉由習知方法例如溶劑的蒸發或旋轉塗覆進行包含此溶液的層的後續製造。
掺雜亦以一種方式進行使得掺雜劑自前軀體化合物蒸發出而發生,當加熱及/或暴露於輻射時前軀體化合物釋出掺雜劑。做為前軀體化合物,可使用例如羰基化合物、二氮化合物或其類似物,當釋出掺雜劑時這些化合物放出CO、氮或其類似物,其中亦可能使用其他合適前軀體,例如鹽類,如鹵化物、氫化化合物或其類似物。暴露於輻射可藉由電磁輻射進行,特別是可見光、UV光或IR光,例如雷射光,或是藉由其他形式的輻射。暴露於輻射基本上提供蒸發所需的熱,及亦可以一種標的方式引入輻射進入要蒸發的該化合物或前軀體或化合物複合物(例如電荷轉移複合物)的某些光帶,以藉由將它們轉移至激發態離解複合物而促進該化合物的蒸發,然而,複合物亦特別可為足夠穩定以.被蒸發而不需離解或是在已知條件下施用於基材。要了解亦可使用其他合適方法以進行該掺雜。
根據本發明以此方式有機半導體的n-掺雜層於是可由此產生,其可以許多方式使用。
掺雜使用實例
提供根據本發明自由基或是寡聚物,較佳為二聚物,及其雙自由基或二螺化合物及其三環化合物。
實例I:
中性二聚物雙-[1,3-二乙基-2-甲基-1,2-二氫苯並咪唑-(2)]係與基質材料酞菁鋅ZnPc一起使用,具掺雜劑:基質材料掺雜比為1:20的經掺雜層係由以ZnPc為基質材料的基質與掺雜劑的混合氣相沉積而產生。此處導電度為3 x 10-4
姆歐/公分。
實例II:
以類似於實例I的方式,雙-[1,3-二甲基-2-異丙基-1,2-二氫苯並咪唑-(2)]與ZnPc的混合氣相沉積係以實例1所提供的比值執行。所得導電度為10-3
姆歐/公分。
實例III:
以類似於實例I的方式,雙-[1,3-二甲基-2-異丙基-1,2-二氫苯並咪唑-(2)]與ZnTTP的混合氣相沉積係以實例1所提供的比值執行。所得導電度為10-8
姆歐/公分。
實例IV:
以類似於實例I的方式,雙-[1,3-二甲基-2-乙基-1,2-二氫苯並咪唑-(2)]與ZnPc的混合氣相沉積係以實例1所提供的比值執行。所得導電度為10-4
姆歐/公分。
實例V:
以類似於實例I的方式,雙-[1,3-二甲基-2-N-吡咯烷基-1,2-二氫苯並咪唑-(2)]與ZnTPP的混合氣相沉積係以實例1所提供的比值執行。所得導電度為10-4
姆歐/公分。
實例VI:
以類似於實例I的方式,雙-[1,3,5,6-四甲基-2-異丙基-1,2-二氫苯並咪唑-(2)]與八乙基卟啉鋅ZnOEP的混合氣相沉積係以實例1所提供的比值執行。所得導電度為5 x 10-8
姆歐/公分。
實例VII:
以類似於實例I的方式,2-異丙基-1,3-二甲基-2,3,6,7-四氫-1H-5,8-二氧雜-1,3-二氮環戊[b]萘與ZnTPP的混合氣相沉積係以實例1所提供的比值執行。所得導電度為1.8 x 10-4
姆歐/公分。
實例VIII:
以類似於實例I的方式,2-異丙基-1,3-二甲基-2,3,6,7-四氫-1H-5,8-二氧雜-1,3-二氮環戊[b]萘與ZnOEP的混合氣相沉積係以實例1所提供的比值執行。所得導電度為5 x 10-8
姆歐/公分。
實例IX:
以類似於實例I的方式,2-異丙基-1,3-二甲基-2,3,6,7-四氫-1H-5,8-二氧雜-1,3-二氮環戊[b]萘與ZnPc的混合氣相沉積係以實例1所提供的比值執行。所得導電度為2.2 x 10-8
姆歐/公分。
實例X:
以類似於實例I的方式,雙-[1,3-二甲基-2-異丙基-1,2-二氫咪唑-(2)]與ZnPc的混合氣相沉積係以實例1所提供的比值執行。所得導電度為10-3
姆歐/公分。
實例XI:
以類似於實例I的方式,雙-[1,3-二乙基-2-甲基-1,2-二氫苯並咪唑-(2)]與ZnPc的混合氣相沉積係以實例1所提供的比值執行。所得導電度為3.8 x 10-7
姆歐/公分。
揭示於上述實例及申請專利範圍的本發明特徵可基本上個別及以與另一個的任何組合以其各種具體實施例實施本發明。
Claims (65)
- 一種選自下列分子式的結構之一之化合物的用法,其係做為一摻質,用於摻雜一有機半導體基質材料,而做為電子或光電組件之一阻擋層、做為一電荷注入層、做為一電極材料、做為一記憶體材料或做為一半導體層本身:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項的用法,其特徵在於該化合物之A、A1 及A2 係選自經取代或未經取代的芳香族及雜芳香族環狀系統,包括苯並、萘並、噻吩、呋喃、噻唑、咪唑、唑、噻二唑、吡嗪、噻喃、二硫酮、酞酸醯亞胺及二噻唑自由基,其中可存在一或多個取代基,其係選自R0 -R2 、R21 、R22 及R23 。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項的用法,其特徵在於該化合物之Z、Z1 及Z2 係選自橋哌嗪基及伸烷基或伸環烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項的用法,其特徵在於該化合物之Z、Z1 及Z2 係選自橋哌嗪基及伸烷基或伸環烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項的用法,該化合物係選自下列結構的其中一個:
- 如申請專利範圍第2項的用法,該化合物係選自下列結構的其中一個:
- 如申請專利範圍第3項的用法,該化合物係選自下列結構的其中一個:
- 如申請專利範圍第4項的用法,該化合物係選自下列結構的其中一個:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項的用法,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R2 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項的用法,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R2 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項的用法,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R2 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項的用法,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R2 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項的用法,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R16 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、 聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項的用法,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R16 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項的用法,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R16 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項的用法,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R16 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項的用法,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R2 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自烷基、環烷基、二烷基胺、二芳基胺、烷氧基、芳氧基、硫代芳基、硫代烷氧基、全氟烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項至第17項中任一項的用法,其中該化合物是以陽離子存在。
- 一種有機半導體材料,其包含至少一基質材料及一摻質,其特徵在於該摻質係包含至少一種化合物選自下列分子式的結構之一:
- 如申請專利範圍第19項的有機半導體材料,其特徵在於該化合物之A、A1 及A2 係選自經取代或未經取代的芳香族及雜芳香族環狀系統,包括苯並、萘並、噻吩、呋喃、噻唑、咪唑、唑、噻二唑、吡嗪、噻喃、二硫酮、酞酸醯亞胺及二噻唑自由基,其中可存在一或多個取代基,其係選自R0 -R2 、R21 、R22 及R23 。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項的有機半導體材料,其特徵在於該化合物之Z、Z1 及Z2 係選自橋哌嗪基及伸烷基或伸環烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項的有機半導體材料,其特徵在於 該化合物之Z、Z1 及Z2 係選自橋哌嗪基及伸烷基或伸環烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項的有機半導體材料,該化合物係選自下列結構的其中一個:
- 如申請專利範圍第20項的有機半導體材料,該化合物係選自下列結構的其中一個:
- 如申請專利範圍第21項的有機半導體材料,該化合物係選自下列結構的其中一個:
- 如申請專利範圍第22項的有機半導體材料,該化合物係選自下列結構的其中一個:
- 如申請專利範圍第19項的有機半導體材料,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R2 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第20項的有機半導體材料,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R2 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第21項的有機半導體材料,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R2 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第22項的有機半導體材料,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R2 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項的有機半導體材料,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R16 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經 取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第24項的有機半導體材料,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R16 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第25項的有機半導體材料,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R16 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第26項的有機半導體材料,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R16 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之有機半導體材料,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R2 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自烷基、環烷基、二烷基胺、二芳基胺、烷氧基、芳氧基、硫代芳基、硫代烷氧基、全氟烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項之有機半導體材料,其特徵在於該化合物為一種三環物。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項至第36項任一項的有機半導體材料,其特徵在於該摻質對於基質材料的莫耳摻雜比或該摻質對於一聚合性基質材料之基體的莫耳摻雜比係介於1:1及1:100,000之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第19項至第36項任一項之有機半導體材料,其中該化合物是以陽離子存在。
- 如申請專利範圍第37項之有機半導體材料,其中該化合物是以陽離子存在。
- 一種用於製造一有機半導體材料的方法,該有機半導體材料包含一基質材料及一摻質,其特徵在於該方法係使用根據申請專利範圍第19項至第36項中任一項有機半導體材料中的至少一種化合物來做為該摻質。
- 一種電子或光電組件,其具有一電子功能性主動區域,其特徵在於該電子主動區域包含至少一種化合物選自下列分子式的結構之一:
- 如申請專利範圍第41項的電子或光電組件,其特徵在於該化合物之A、A1 及A2 係選自經取代或未經取代的芳香族及雜芳香族環狀系統,包括苯並、萘並、噻吩、呋喃、噻唑、咪唑、唑、噻二唑、吡嗪、噻喃、二硫酮、酞酸醯亞胺及二噻唑自由基,其中可存在一或多個取代基,其係選自R0 -R2 、R21 、R22 及R23 。
- 如申請專利範圍第41項的電子或光電組件,其特徵在於該化合物之Z、Z1 及Z2 係選自橋哌嗪基及伸烷基或伸環烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第42項的電子或光電組件,其特徵在於該化合物之Z、Z1 及Z2 係選自橋哌嗪基及伸烷基或伸環烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第41項的電子或光電組件,該化合物係選自下列結構的其中一個:
- 如申請專利範圍第42項的電子或光電組件,該化合物係選自下列結構的其中一個:
- 如申請專利範圍第43項的電子或光電組件,該化合物係選自下列結構的其中一個:
- 如申請專利範圍第44項的電子或光電組件,該化合物係選自下列結構的其中一個:
- 如申請專利範圍第41項的電子或光電組件,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R2 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第42項的電子或光電組件,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R2 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第43項的電子或光電組件,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R2 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第44項的電子或光電組件,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R2 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第45項的電子或光電組件,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R16 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經 取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第46項的電子或光電組件,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R16 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第47項的電子或光電組件,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R16 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第48項的電子或光電組件,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R16 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自經取代或未經取代的苯基、聯苯基、萘基、蔥基、噻吩基、咪唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、唑基、噻二嗪基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、嗎啉基及硫代嗎啉基。
- 如申請專利範圍第41項的電子或光電組件,其特徵在於該化合物之R0 -R2 、R21 、R22 及R23 係選自烷基、環烷基、二烷基胺、二芳基胺、烷氧基、芳氧基、硫代芳基、硫代烷氧基、全氟烷基。
- 如申請專利範圍第41項的電子或光電組件,其特徵在於該化合物為一種三環物。
- 如申請專利範圍第41項至第58項任一項的電子或光電組件,其特徵在於該電子主動區域包含一種有機半導體基質材料,其係使用該至少一種化合物,以至少一種摻質加以摻雜,以改善該半導體基質材料的電子性質。
- 如申請專利範圍第41項至第58項任一項的電子或光電組件,其具有一有機發光二極體、一光致電電池、一有機太陽能電池、一有機二極體、一有機場效電晶體或一光起始磁性記憶體之形式。
- 如申請專利範圍第59項的電子或光電組件,其具有一有機發光二極體、一光致電電池、一有機太陽能電池、一有機二極體、一有機場效電晶體或一光起始磁性記憶體之形式。
- 如申請專利範圍第41項至第58項任一項的電子或光電組件,其中該化合物是以陽離子存在。
- 如申請專利範圍第59項的電子或光電組件,其中該化合物是以陽離子存在。
- 如申請專利範圍第60項的電子或光電組件,其中該化合物是以陽離子存在。
- 如申請專利範圍第61項的電子或光電組件,其中該化合物是以陽離子存在。
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- 2006-03-21 AT AT06005687T patent/ATE394800T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-03-21 EP EP06005687A patent/EP1837926B1/de active Active
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- 2007-03-21 KR KR1020070027688A patent/KR100885582B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2007-03-21 CN CN200780009954.7A patent/CN101405884B/zh active Active
- 2007-03-21 CN CN2007100896620A patent/CN101093874B/zh active Active
- 2007-03-21 TW TW096109810A patent/TWI436985B/zh active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101405884B (zh) | 2014-02-19 |
ATE394800T1 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
CN101405884A (zh) | 2009-04-08 |
KR20070095818A (ko) | 2007-10-01 |
US20070252140A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
CN101093874B (zh) | 2013-02-13 |
US8134146B2 (en) | 2012-03-13 |
EP1837926A1 (de) | 2007-09-26 |
KR100885582B1 (ko) | 2009-02-24 |
TW200745050A (en) | 2007-12-16 |
CN101134744A (zh) | 2008-03-05 |
US9118019B2 (en) | 2015-08-25 |
CN101134744B (zh) | 2012-07-04 |
JP2007314513A (ja) | 2007-12-06 |
JP4939988B2 (ja) | 2012-05-30 |
US20120146012A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
EP1837926B1 (de) | 2008-05-07 |
HK1104677A1 (en) | 2008-01-18 |
ES2310380T3 (es) | 2009-01-01 |
CN101093874A (zh) | 2007-12-26 |
DE502006000749D1 (de) | 2008-06-19 |
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